RNA	O
transcripts	O
were	O
packaged	O
into	O
both	O
BCV	B-SPEC
and	O
MHV	B-SPEC
virions	B-COMP
when	O
the	O
cloned	O
region	O
was	O
appended	O
to	O
a	O
noncoronavirus	O
RNA	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
BCV	B-SPEC
packaging	O
signal	O
.	O

Serum	B-PRGE
TNF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
ARDS	O
patients	O
(	O
67	O
(	O
57	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
)	O
than	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
35	O
(	O
20	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
031	O
)	O
or	O
controls	O
(	O
17	O
(	O
8	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
).	O

TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
standardised	O
coefficient	O
beta	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
410	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
(	O
standardised	O
coefficient	O
beta	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
311	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
)	O
were	O
most	O
strongly	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
group	O
was	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
statistical	O
model	O
.	O

TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
standardised	O
coefficient	O
beta	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
410	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
(	O
standardised	O
coefficient	O
beta	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
311	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
)	O
were	O
most	O
strongly	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
group	O
was	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
statistical	O
model	O
.	O

The	O
saline	O
lavage	O
procedure	O
caused	O
progressive	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
shunt	O
flow	O
(	O
approximately	O
22	O
%)	O
and	O
perfusion	O
of	O
low	O
V	O
A	O
/	O
Q	O
areas	O
(	O
approximately	O
7	O
%),	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
V	O
A	O
/	O
Q	O
mismatch	O
.	O

Rescue	O
""""	O
tracheal	O
instillation	O
of	O
80	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
bw	O
surfactant	B-CHED
in	O
lavaged	O
lungs	B-ANAT
reduced	O
the	O
shunt	O
-	O
flow	O
to	O
approximately	O
4	O
%,	O
but	O
increased	O
the	O
perfusion	O
of	O
low	O
V	O
A	O
/	O
Q	O
areas	O
to	O
10	O
to	O
14	O
%;	O
V	O
A	O
/	O
Q	O
mismatch	O
in	O
the	O
midrange	O
V	O
A	O
/	O
Q	O
regions	O
was	O
not	O
improved	O
.	O

Growth	B-PROC
in	O
horse	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
contains	O
no	O
free	O
queuine	B-CHED
,	O
eliminates	O
Q	O
from	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
tRNA	B-FUNC
population	O
upon	O
repeated	O
passage	O
.	O

Supplementation	O
of	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
medium	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
grown	O
either	O
on	O
horse	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
or	O
calf	B-ANAT
serum	B-COMP
with	O
free	O
queuine	B-CHED
had	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
frameshifting	O
either	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Retargeting	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
substitution	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
ectodomain	O
:	O
crossing	O
the	O
host	O
cell	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
fMHV	O
is	O
potentially	O
the	O
ideal	O
recipient	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
carrying	O
out	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
by	O
targeted	B-PROC
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
,	O
since	O
it	O
presents	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
selecting	O
recombinants	O
,	O
no	O
matter	O
how	O
defective	O
,	O
that	O
have	O
regained	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
replicate	O
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Two	O
chimeric	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
FIPV	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
constructed	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
the	O
ectodomain	O
of	O
the	O
one	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
and	O
endodomain	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
.	O

Animal	B-SPEC
study	O
at	O
the	O
Asan	O
Institute	O
for	O
Life	O
Sciences	O
,	O
Seoul	O
,	O
Korea	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
during	O
PLV	O
for	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
dominant	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
were	O
optimal	O
at	O
a	O
PFC	O
dose	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
FRC	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
(	O
and	O
reported	O
elsewhere	O
)	O
a	O
randomized	O
,	O
double	O
-	O
masked	O
,	O
placebo	O
-	O
controlled	O
trial	O
calcium	B-CHED
supplementation	O
of	O
4589	O
healthy	O
nulliparas	B-PROC
assigned	O
at	O
13	O
-	O
21	O
weeks	O
'	O
gestation	B-PROC
.	O

Significantly	O
increased	O
maternal	O
morbidities	O
included	O
increased	O
cesarean	O
deliveries	O
,	O
abruptio	B-DISO
placentae	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	O
renal	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
;	O
and	O
significantly	O
increased	O
perinatal	O
morbidities	O
included	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
fetal	B-DISO
growth	B-PROC
restriction	I-DISO
.	O

Air	B-CHED
leaks	O
developed	O
in	O
22	O
of	O
80	O
patients	O
or	O
in	O
27	O
.	O
5	O
%.	O

Multiple	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
only	O
V	O
(	O
T	O
)	O
was	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
AL	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
primary	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
r	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
38	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
MV	O
will	O
produce	O
AL	O
,	O
particularly	O
when	O
high	O
peak	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressures	O
(	O
barotrauma	O
)	O
or	O
large	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
(	O
volotrauma	O
)	O
are	O
delivered	O
by	O
the	O
ventilator	O
.	O

Sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
MOSF	O
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
superinfection	B-DISO
with	O
Pseudomonas	B-SPEC
or	O
Candida	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
also	O
important	O
factors	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
AL	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
children	O
.	O

The	O
smallest	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
fragment	O
which	O
retained	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
was	O
a	O
55	O
aa	O
segment	O
containing	O
residues	O
177	O
-	O
231	O
which	O
bound	O
viral	O
RNA	O
with	O
a	O
K	O
(	O
d	O
)	O
of	O
32	O
nM	O
.	O
A	O
consensus	O
viral	O
sequence	O
recognized	O
by	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
inferred	O
from	O
these	O
studies	O
;	O
AAUCYAAAC	O
was	O
identified	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
potential	O
minimum	O
ligand	B-PROC
for	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
study	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
on	O
71	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
pups	O
with	O
enteritis	B-DISO
.	O

An	O
alternative	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
sialic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
-	O
accessory	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
-	O
is	O
also	O
discussed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	O
iron	O
poisoning	O
:	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
intravenous	O
desferrioxamine	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
small	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
E	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
small	O
envelope	O
(	O
E	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
has	O
recently	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
play	O
an	O
essential	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
assembly	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Since	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
this	O
generally	O
low	O
-	O
abundance	O
virion	B-COMP
component	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
characterized	O
the	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
),	O
an	O
83	O
-	O
residue	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
protein	B-CHED
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
quite	O
stable	O
both	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
when	O
expressed	B-PROC
individually	O
using	O
a	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
system	O
.	O

The	O
absence	O
of	O
both	O
Fas	B-DISO
-	O
and	O
perforin	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
cytolysis	B-PROC
resulted	O
in	O
an	O
uncontrolled	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
redundancy	O
of	O
cytolytic	O
pathways	B-PROC
to	O
control	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
First	O
,	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
shock	O
,	O
as	O
measured	O
by	O
systemic	O
hypotension	O
and	O
metabolic	O
acidosis	O
,	O
is	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
trauma	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
and	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
was	O
collected	O
regularly	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
10	O
days	O
after	O
trauma	O
or	O
onset	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
maneuver	O
in	O
treating	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
due	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
in	O
late	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
,	O
predisposes	O
to	O
nonresponsiveness	O
to	O
prone	O
positioning	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alveolar	B-ANAT
fibrin	O
formation	B-PROC
caused	O
by	O
enhanced	O
procoagulant	O
and	O
depressed	O
fibrinolytic	O
capacities	O
in	O
severe	O
pneumonia	O
.	O

Acute	O
inflammatory	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
whether	O
triggered	O
by	O
nonpulmonary	O
systemic	O
events	O
or	O
primary	O
lung	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
is	O
thus	O
consistently	O
characterized	O
by	O
both	O
enhanced	O
procoagulant	O
and	O
depressed	O
fibrinolytic	O
activities	O
in	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
lining	O
layer	B-ANAT
,	O
with	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
fibrin	O
formation	B-PROC
in	O
this	O
compartment	B-ANAT
.	O

Profile	O
and	O
extent	O
of	O
changes	O
in	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
demanding	O
respirator	O
therapy	O
are	O
virtually	O
identical	O
to	O
those	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
somewhat	O
less	O
prominent	O
alterations	O
of	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemostatic	B-PROC
balance	B-PROC
are	O
noted	O
in	O
spontaneously	O
breathing	B-PROC
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
from	O
the	O
four	O
heterologous	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
(	O
M41	O
,	O
H120	O
,	O
HV10	O
and	O
D207	O
)	O
identified	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
differences	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
17	O
%	O
within	O
the	O
leader	O
sequence	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
within	O
the	O
whole	O
of	O
the	O
adjacent	O
5	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
(	O
UTR	O
).	O

For	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
mortality	O
was	O
only	O
40	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Prone	O
ventilation	O
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
selected	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cocaine	B-CHED
causes	O
increased	O
type	B-PROC
I	I-PROC
interferon	I-PROC
secretion	I-PROC
by	O
both	O
L929	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
murine	B-SPEC
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

Examine	O
live	O
animals	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
obtain	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
a	O
random	O
population	O
,	O
take	O
rectal	O
temperatures	O
of	O
affected	O
neonates	O
,	O
and	O
evaluate	O
fecal	B-ANAT
pH	O
.	O
5	O
.	O

The	O
causes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
14	O
),	O
extra	O
-	O
lung	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
),	O
and	O
noninfectious	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
severe	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
is	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
including	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
with	O
a	O
tidal	O
volume	O
of	O
10	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
and	O
an	O
Fio2	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
thereafter	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
to	O
three	O
groups	O
.	O

Light	O
microscopic	O
findings	O
(	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
and	O
number	O
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
)	O
were	O
compared	O
between	O
the	O
three	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Four	O
proteins	B-CHED
processed	O
from	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
polyprotein	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
colocalize	O
in	O
the	O
cell	O
periphery	O
and	O
adjacent	O
to	O
sites	O
of	O
virion	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
perinuclear	O
regions	O
the	O
gene	O
1	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
were	O
intercalated	O
with	O
sites	O
of	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
localization	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
taken	O
on	O
Days	O
0	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
10	O
for	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
(	O
RBC	B-ANAT
),	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
(	O
WBC	B-ANAT
),	O
and	O
platelet	B-ANAT
counts	O
,	O
pH	O
,	O
PO	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
PCO	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
),	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
content	O
(	O
HCO	O
(	O
3	O
)(-))	O
measurements	O
,	O
and	O
renal	B-ANAT
and	O
liver	O
tests	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
the	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CD18	I-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
reduced	O
mortality	O
by	O
approximately	O
40	O
%	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

PO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
these	O
treated	O
animals	B-SPEC
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
animals	B-SPEC
throughout	O
the	O
study	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
on	O
Day	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
10	O
).	O

PMN	B-PROC
infiltration	B-DISO
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
PO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Nocturnal	O
sleep	B-PROC
efficiency	O
was	O
severely	O
reduced	O
(	O
38	O
+/-	O

Inoculation	O
of	O
DNA	O
plasmid	O
expressing	O
the	O
carboxyl	O
terminus	O
of	O
Gray	O
strain	O
N	O
resulted	O
in	O
induction	O
of	O
CTL	B-ANAT
that	O
cross	O
-	O
react	O
with	O
two	O
distinct	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

The	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
infected	O
birds	B-SPEC
to	O
mount	O
an	O
optimum	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
as	O
well	O
as	O
normal	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
functions	O
such	O
as	O
phagocytosis	B-PROC
may	O
be	O
impaired	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
All	O
stages	O
of	O
degeneration	B-DISO
and	O
regeneration	B-PROC
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
tracheal	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
were	O
studied	O
morphologically	O
following	O
an	O
intratracheal	O
inoculation	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

At	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
labelling	O
index	O
of	O
bromodeoxyuridine	B-CHED
(	O
BrdU	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
the	O
basal	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
showed	O
significantly	O
high	O
value	O
compared	O
with	O
control	O
.	O

At	O
6	O
to	O
11	O
d	O
.	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.,	O
the	O
ciliated	B-ANAT
columnar	I-ANAT
epithelia	O
increased	O
rapidly	O
in	O
number	O
,	O
and	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
normal	O
appearance	O
except	O
for	O
non	O
-	O
ciliated	O
patch	O
by	O
13	O
d	O
.	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
a	O
highly	O
virulent	O
strain	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
M	O
-	O
coding	O
region	O
and	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
had	O
a	O
unique	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
Asn	B-CHED
,	O
at	O
position	O
2	O
at	O
the	O
conserved	O
O	O
-	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
site	O
.	O

The	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
BCV	B-SPEC
were	O
followed	O
in	O
milk	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
from	O
six	O
dairy	O
cows	B-SPEC
and	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
from	O
four	O
calves	O
for	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
1	O
year	O
after	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
winter	B-DISO
dysentery	I-DISO
(	O
WD	O
).	O

A	O
reproducible	O
significant	O
delay	O
in	O
mortality	O
observed	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
which	O
plasma	B-ANAT
was	O
passively	O
transferred	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
specific	O
in	O
vitro	O
neutralizing	O
antiviral	B-CHED
Ab3	O
identified	O
the	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
as	O
the	O
major	O
element	O
responsible	O
for	O
protection	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
also	O
indicate	O
that	O
within	O
a	O
1	O
-	O
yr	O
period	O
Ark	O
-	O
type	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
Mississippi	O
was	O
spread	O
with	O
little	O
or	O
no	O
change	O
in	O
its	O
genetic	O
sequence	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
if	O
the	O
preexistant	O
filling	O
state	O
,	O
assessed	O
by	O
right	O
atrial	O
pressure	O
(	O
RAP	O
),	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
occlusion	O
pressure	O
(	O
PAOP	O
),	O
and	O
right	O
ventricular	B-PROC
end	I-PROC
-	I-PROC
diastolic	I-PROC
volume	I-PROC
index	O
(	O
EDVI	O
),	O
would	O
define	O
the	O
subsequent	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
effects	O
of	O
increases	O
in	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
Paw	B-ANAT
).	O

Apneic	B-DISO
positive	O
Paw	B-ANAT
decreased	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
mainly	O
by	O
reducing	O
venous	B-ANAT
return	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Contributions	O
of	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
and	O
viral	O
spread	O
to	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
like	O
many	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
exerts	B-PROC
much	O
of	O
its	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
through	O
the	O
induction	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
apoptosis	I-PROC
of	O
its	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
.	O

Apoptosis	B-PATH
is	O
coordinated	O
by	O
a	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
cysteine	B-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
,	O
called	O
caspases	O
,	O
that	O
are	O
activated	O
during	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
participate	O
in	O
dismantling	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
by	O
cleaving	O
key	O
structural	O
and	O
regulatory	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Subgenomic	O
negative	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
function	O
during	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
are	O
interested	O
in	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
E	O
in	O
the	O
intracellular	B-COMP
targeting	B-PROC
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
membrane	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
IBV	B-SPEC
E	O
is	O
present	O
at	O
low	O
levels	O
in	O
virions	B-COMP
,	O
it	O
is	O
apparently	O
expressed	B-PROC
at	O
high	O
levels	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
near	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
stimulus	O
for	O
systemic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
rats	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
cryoablation	O
had	O
either	O
immediate	O
resection	O
of	O
the	O
ablated	O
segment	O
or	O
delayed	O
resection	O
after	O
a	O
15	O
-	O
minute	O
thawing	O
interval	O
.	O

Lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
thawing	O
phase	O
of	O
cryoablation	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
soluble	O
mediator	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
cryoablated	O
tissue	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
findings	O
correlate	O
the	O
clinical	O
observation	O
of	O
an	O
increased	O
incidence	O
of	O
multisystem	O
injury	O
,	O
including	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
after	O
cryoablation	O
but	O
not	O
RFA	O
.	O

Immediate	O
resection	O
of	O
the	O
cryoablated	O
liver	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
prevented	O
NF	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
kappaB	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
changes	O
were	O
present	O
when	O
as	O
little	O
as	O
a	O
15	O
-	O
minute	O
thaw	O
interval	O
preceded	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
resection	O
.	O

In	O
visceral	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
necrotic	B-PROC
cells	B-COMP
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
fibers	O
which	O
showed	O
no	O
signs	O
of	O
bacterial	O
invasion	B-DISO
.	O

Carp	B-DISO
experimentally	O
inoculated	O
with	O
the	O
cultured	O
virus	B-SPEC
showed	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
same	O
pathological	O
signs	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
mortalities	O
as	O
in	O
natural	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
depth	O
of	O
disorders	O
in	O
the	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
clearly	O
correlates	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
burn	O
injury	O
and	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
respiratory	O
support	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Several	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
including	O
immunofluorescence	O
,	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
,	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
immunohistochemistry	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

In	O
both	O
the	O
immunohistochemical	O
methods	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
antigens	B-CHED
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
of	O
villous	O
enterocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
in	O
the	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
infiltrated	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lamina	B-ANAT
propria	I-ANAT
at	O
18	O
to	O
110	O
hr	O
post	O
inoculation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previous	O
studies	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	O
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
interacted	O
with	O
specific	O
sequences	O
in	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
non	O
-	O
coding	O
region	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Liver	B-ANAT
-	O
specific	O
alpha	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
results	O
in	O
protection	O
from	O
induced	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
single	O
SIV	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
,	O
typical	O
signs	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
""""	O
flu	B-DISO
""""	O
were	O
tightly	O
correlated	O
with	O
an	O
excessive	O
and	O
coordinate	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
cytokines	O
examined	O
.	O

To	O
explore	O
the	O
mechanism	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
action	I-PROC
of	O
these	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
various	O
novel	O
styrylquinoline	B-CHED
derivatives	O
were	O
synthesized	O
and	O
tested	O
against	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
IN	O
and	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
assays	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
an	O
interrelationship	O
between	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
the	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
secretion	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
improvement	O
of	O
the	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
ratio	O
during	O
prone	O
positioning	O
,	O
with	O
NO	O
inhalation	B-PROC
or	O
not	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
patients	O
with	O
little	O
or	O
moderate	O
secretions	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
improvement	O
observed	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
NO	O
,	O
does	O
not	O
depend	O
on	O
their	O
volume	O
.	O

Seven	O
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
,	O
of	O
whom	O
three	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
4	O
%	O
in	O
hospital	O
case	O
-	O
fatality	O
rate	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
As	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
potentially	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
disease	O
,	O
reliable	O
criteria	O
for	O
ICU	O
admission	O
should	O
be	O
defined	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
identified	O
.	O

CNI	O
-	O
1493	O
,	O
which	O
attenuates	O
mediator	O
production	O
through	O
p38	B-PRGE
MAP	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
inhibition	B-PROC
,	O
was	O
administered	O
intraperitoneally	O
to	O
mice	B-SPEC
while	O
control	O
animals	B-SPEC
received	O
saline	O
.	O

Elastase	B-PRGE
-	O
treated	O
animals	B-SPEC
with	O
mediator	O
production	O
inhibited	O
(	O
CNI	O
-	O
1493	O
)	O
had	O
attenuated	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
,	O
MPO	B-FUNC
activity	O
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
.	O

Activation	O
of	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
occurred	O
30	O
min	O
after	O
elastase	O
administration	O
.	O

Activation	O
of	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
occurred	O
30	O
min	O
after	O
elastase	O
administration	O
.	O

Randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
comparing	O
HFOV	O
and	O
CV	O
in	O
preterm	O
or	O
low	O
birth	B-PROC
weight	O
infants	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
mainly	O
due	O
to	O
RDS	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
given	O
IPPV	O
.	O

All	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
of	O
elective	O
high	O
frequency	O
jet	O
ventilation	O
versus	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
in	O
preterm	O
infants	O
born	O
at	O
less	O
than	O
35	O
weeks	O
GA	O
or	O
with	O
a	O
birth	O
weight	O
less	O
than	O
2000	O
gms	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
systematic	O
review	O
.	O

Overall	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
trials	O
showed	O
that	O
HFJV	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
CLD	B-DISO
at	O
36	O
weeks	O
postmenstrual	O
age	O
in	O
survivors	O
[	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
58	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
34	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
),	O
RD	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
138	O
(-	O
0	O
.	O
268	O
,	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
),	O
NNT	O
7	O
(	O
4	O
,	O
90	O
)].	O

The	O
overall	O
analysis	O
shows	O
a	O
benefit	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
outcomes	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
electively	O
ventilated	O
with	O
HFJV	O
.	O

Data	O
regarding	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
including	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
,	O
patent	B-DISO
ductus	I-DISO
arteriosus	I-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
interstitial	B-ANAT
emphysema	I-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
,	O
necrotizing	B-DISO
enterocolitis	I-DISO
,	O
retinopathy	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
prematurity	I-DISO
,	O
intraventricular	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
(	O
any	O
and	O
severe	O
IVH	O
),	O
bronchopulmonary	B-DISO
dysplasia	I-DISO
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
neonatal	O
mortality	O
,	O
mortality	O
prior	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
bronchopulmonary	B-DISO
dysplasia	I-DISO
or	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
or	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
excerpted	O
from	O
the	O
reports	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
trials	O
by	O
the	O
reviewers	O
.	O

Four	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
met	B-CHED
selection	O
criteria	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
report	O
describes	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
findings	O
of	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
histoplasmosis	O
in	O
Brazil	O
involving	O
four	O
persons	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
family	B-SPEC
,	O
one	O
adult	O
and	O
three	O
children	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
5	O
'	O
and	O
3	O
'	O
untranslated	O
regions	O
(	O
UTRs	O
)	O
that	O
contain	O
specific	O
signals	O
for	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
infected	O
a	O
very	O
limited	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
,	O
especially	O
Purkinje	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
cerebellum	B-ANAT
and	O
many	O
neurons	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
pons	B-ANAT
,	O
without	O
inducing	O
an	O
overt	O
immunologic	B-PROC
reaction	I-PROC
from	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
groups	O
immunized	O
with	O
the	O
CL	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
having	O
an	O
HA	O
titer	O
of	O
4000	O
or	O
16	O
000	O
produced	O
hemagglutination	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
(	O
HI	O
)	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
of	O
>	O
320	O
and	O
serum	O
neutralizing	O
(	O
SN	O
)	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
of	O
>	O
1280	O
.	O

These	O
groups	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
showed	O
no	O
clinical	O
abnormalities	O
after	O
challenge	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
groups	O
immunized	O
with	O
CL	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
at	O
an	O
HA	O
titer	O
of	O
1000	O
or	O
250	O
,	O
HI	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
were	O
40	O
to	O
160	O
and	O
SN	O
titers	O
were	O
80	O
to	O
640	O
.	O

The	O
cattle	B-SPEC
with	O
HI	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
of	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
160	O
and	O
the	O
SN	O
titers	O
of	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
640	O
showed	O
no	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
cattle	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
HI	O
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
<	O
80	O
and	O
the	O
SN	O
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
<	O
160	O
developed	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
and	O
fever	B-PROC
after	O
challenge	O
.	O

A	O
32	O
-	O
yr	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
streptococcal	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
patient	O
had	O
severe	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
abnormalities	O
because	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
marked	O
lung	B-DISO
collapse	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
recruitment	B-DISO
was	O
maintained	O
with	O
25	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
of	O
PEEP	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
much	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
PEEP	B-CHED
predicted	O
by	O
the	O
lower	O
inflection	O
point	O
(	O
P	O
(	O
Flex	O
))	O
of	O
the	O
PV	O
curve	O
.	O

A	O
PV	O
curve	O
was	O
measured	O
that	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
P	O
(	O
Flex	O
)	O
of	O
16	O
-	O
18	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
.	O

At	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
79	O
%	O
had	O
a	O
DNR	O
order	B-SPEC
and	O
31	O
%	O
had	O
an	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
withhold	O
ventilator	O
support	O
.	O

Surrogates	O
indicated	O
that	O
one	O
out	O
of	O
four	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
with	O
severe	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
and	O
one	O
out	O
of	O
three	O
with	O
severe	O
confusion	B-DISO
.	O

Family	B-SPEC
impact	O
and	O
physical	O
and	O
emotional	O
suffering	B-DISO
were	O
substantial	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
closed	O
household	O
of	O
26	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
which	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
),	O
feline	B-SPEC
leukaemia	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FeLV	O
)	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FIV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
endemic	O
was	O
observed	O
for	O
10	O
years	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Gill	B-ANAT
-	I-SPEC
associated	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
of	O
Penaeus	B-SPEC
monodon	I-SPEC
prawns	O
:	O
an	O
invertebrate	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
ORF1a	O
and	O
ORF1b	O
genes	O
related	O
to	O
arteri	O
-	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Clones	O
were	O
generated	O
from	O
a	O
approximately	O
22	O
kb	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
purified	O
from	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
organ	I-ANAT
total	O
RNA	O
of	O
GAV	O
-	O
infected	O
prawns	O
.	O

Several	O
tightly	O
binding	B-FUNC
phage	O
were	O
amplified	O
and	O
used	O
directly	O
as	O
immunogens	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
and	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Protection	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
sufficient	O
levels	O
of	O
specific	O
antiviral	B-CHED
antibodies	B-COMP
recognizing	O
the	O
same	O
immunodominant	O
domain	O
and	O
13	O
-	O
mer	O
peptide	B-CHED
,	O
located	O
within	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
S2	O
subunit	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
selecting	O
mAb	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
catheterization	O
and	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
:	O
National	O
Heart	B-ANAT
,	O
Lung	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
Blood	B-ANAT
Institute	O
and	O
Food	O
and	O
Drug	O
Administration	O
Workshop	O
Report	O
.	O

Approximately	O
85	O
participants	O
were	O
selected	O
for	O
their	O
collective	O
expertise	O
in	O
critical	O
care	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
medicine	B-CHED
,	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
medicine	B-CHED
and	O
surgery	O
,	O
pediatrics	O
,	O
nursing	B-PROC
,	O
biostatistics	O
,	O
and	O
medical	O
economics	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mucosal	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
chimeric	O
fimbriae	B-COMP
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
Salmonella	B-SPEC
enterica	I-SPEC
serovar	O
typhimurium	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
.	O

For	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
was	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
to	O
express	O
chimeric	O
fimbriae	B-COMP
carrying	O
the	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
C	O
(	O
379	O
-	O
388	O
)	O
and	O
A	O
(	O
521	O
-	O
531	O
)	O
epitopes	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
987P	O
major	O
fimbrial	O
subunit	O
FasA	O
.	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
administered	O
orally	B-ANAT
serovar	O
Typhimurium	O
chi4550	O
expressing	O
the	O
chimeric	O
fimbriae	B-COMP
from	O
the	O
tet	B-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
in	O
pCS154	O
(	O
fas	B-DISO
(+)	O
asd	B-DISO
(+))	O
produced	O
systemic	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
both	O
fimbria	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
C	O
epitope	B-CHED
but	O
not	O
against	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
A	O
epitope	B-CHED
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
IgA	B-PRGE
against	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
C	O
epitope	B-CHED
was	O
only	O
detected	O
with	O
serovar	O
Typhimurium	O
chi4550	O
/	O
pCS155	O
.	O

The	O
induced	O
antibodies	B-COMP
also	O
recognized	O
the	O
epitopes	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Hence	O
,	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
heterologous	O
chimeric	O
fimbriae	B-COMP
on	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
vaccine	O
vectors	O
can	O
be	O
optimized	O
by	O
using	O
promoters	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
activated	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
to	O
rescue	O
a	O
child	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
case	O
suggests	O
that	O
venovenous	O
ECMO	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
rescue	O
method	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
that	O
is	O
refractory	O
to	O
conventional	O
treatments	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Kinetics	O
of	O
lymphocytic	O
subsets	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
tracheal	O
lesions	O
infected	O
with	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

After	O
14	O
days	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.,	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
IgG	O
+	O
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
germinal	B-ANAT
center	I-ANAT
of	O
lymph	B-ANAT
follicles	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
lamina	B-ANAT
propria	I-ANAT
.	O

CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
were	O
dramatically	O
decreased	O
from	O
7	O
days	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.,	O
and	O
CD3	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
were	O
decreased	O
from	O
14	O
days	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
both	O
immunofluorescence	O
and	O
electron	O
microscopic	O
studies	O
have	O
also	O
detected	O
gene	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
at	O
sites	O
distinct	O
from	O
the	O
putative	O
sites	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
or	O
virus	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
.	O

High	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
strategy	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
time	O
to	O
intervention	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
survival	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
who	O
were	O
managed	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
strategies	O
on	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
).	O

An	O
""""	O
Optimal	O
Volume	O
Strategy	O
""""	O
with	O
HFOV	O
was	O
utilized	O
to	O
recruit	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
and	O
optimize	O
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
.	O

Early	O
use	O
of	O
HFOV	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
acute	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
better	O
survival	O
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
specimens	O
were	O
submitted	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
and	O
bacterial	O
culture	O
;	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
submitted	O
for	O
measurement	O
of	O
respiratory	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
RBCV	O
)	O
hemagglutinin	O
inhibition	B-PROC
titers	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sleep	B-PROC
laboratory	O
studies	O
in	O
restless	B-DISO
legs	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
normals	O
and	O
acute	O
effects	O
of	O
ropinirole	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
restless	B-DISO
legs	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
RLS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
sensorimotor	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
which	O
leads	O
to	O
severe	O
sleep	B-DISO
disturbances	I-DISO
and	O
showed	O
a	O
prevalence	O
of	O
7	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
in	O
our	O
sleep	B-PROC
laboratory	O
.	O

Further	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
an	O
increased	O
number	O
of	O
PLM	O
(	O
368	O
),	O
PLM	O
/	O
h	O
of	O
time	O
in	O
bed	B-DISO
(	O
49	O
/	O
h	O
),	O
PLM	O
/	O
h	O
of	O
REM	B-PROC
sleep	B-PROC
(	O
11	O
),	O
PLM	O
/	O
h	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
REM	B-PROC
sleep	B-PROC
(	O
46	O
)	O
and	O
PLM	O
/	O
h	O
awake	O
(	O
61	O
).	O

The	O
arousal	O
index	O
was	O
also	O
increased	O
(	O
32	O
/	O
h	O
;	O
normal	O
0	O
-	O
25	O
/	O
h	O
),	O
as	O
were	O
arousals	O
due	O
to	O
PLM	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Systemic	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
oxygenating	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
oxygen	B-PROC
transport	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
intestinal	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
and	O
an	O
endotoxicosis	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
].	O

Many	O
recall	O
the	O
famous	O
experiments	O
from	O
Clark	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
in	O
1966	O
when	O
he	O
demonstrated	O
""""	O
liquidventilation	O
with	O
perfluorocarbons	O
""""	O
in	O
the	O
mammal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
high	O
density	O
of	O
the	O
PFC	O
lead	O
to	O
radio	O
-	O
opacity	B-DISO
and	O
their	O
distribution	O
to	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
areas	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
several	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
action	O
of	O
perfluorocarbon	O
fluids	B-ANAT
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
are	O
discussed	O
:	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
atelectatic	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
,	O
prevention	O
of	O
endexpiratory	O
collapse	B-DISO
of	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
"("""	O
liquid	O
PEEP	B-CHED
"""),"	O
redistribution	O
of	O
perfusion	O
,	O
oxygen	B-PROC
transport	B-PROC
,	O
surfactant	B-CHED
like	O
effects	O
and	O
decrease	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
instillation	O
of	O
relatively	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
liquid	O
into	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
poses	O
several	O
technical	O
challenges	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
complications	O
such	O
as	O
liquithoraces	O
,	O
pneumothoraces	O
and	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

Vaporisation	O
of	O
perfluorohexane	B-CHED
in	O
a	O
concentration	O
of	O
18	O
Vol	O
.%	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
improved	O
significantly	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Disinfectants	B-CHED
for	O
medical	O
devices	O
are	O
uncommonly	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
iatrogenic	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
considered	O
was	O
a	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	O
chest	O
syndrome	O
is	O
the	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
among	O
patients	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
a	O
30	O
-	O
center	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
671	O
episodes	O
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
538	O
patients	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
to	O
determine	O
the	O
cause	O
,	O
outcome	O
,	O
and	O
response	O
to	O
therapy	O
.	O

When	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
,	O
patients	O
had	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
decreasing	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
values	O
,	O
and	O
progressive	O
multilobar	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Eighteen	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
emboli	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Among	O
patients	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
commonly	O
precipitated	O
by	O
fat	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
and	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
was	O
a	O
contributing	O
factor	O
in	O
56	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
linear	O
immunodominant	O
epitopes	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
three	O
fragments	O
covering	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
175	O
-	O
241	O
,	O
310	O
-	O
370	O
and	O
360	O
-	O
409	O
.	O

PEEP	B-CHED
was	O
increased	O
by	O
5	O
cmH2O	O
from	O
a	O
clinically	O
selected	O
PEEP	B-CHED
level	O
(	O
8	O
/	O
6	O
-	O
11	O
cmH2O	O
)	O
up	O
to	O
(	O
13	O
/	O
10	O
-	O
14	O
cmH2O	O
)	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
return	O
to	O
baseline	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
PEEP	B-CHED
by	O
itself	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
consistent	O
effect	O
on	O
splanchnic	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
and	O
metabolism	B-PROC
when	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
is	O
stable	O
and	O
patients	O
are	O
ventilated	O
within	O
the	O
linear	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
pv	O
curve	O
.	O

The	O
PCR	O
products	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
had	O
molecular	O
sizes	O
of	O
412	O
and	O
612	O
base	B-FUNC
pairs	I-FUNC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
assay	O
correlated	O
well	O
with	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Abdominal	B-ANAT
compartment	I-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ACS	B-FUNC
)	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
or	O
renal	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
caused	O
by	O
an	O
acute	O
increase	O
in	O
intraabdominal	B-ANAT
pressure	O
.	O

ACS	B-FUNC
is	O
a	O
potentially	O
lethal	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
severe	O
trauma	O
and	O
shock	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
1a	O
and	O
1a	O
/	O
1b	O
polyproteins	O
by	O
autoprocessing	O
at	O
two	O
Q	O
-	O
S	O
dipeptide	B-CHED
bonds	O
(	O
Q	O
(	O
2779	O
)-	O
S	O
(	O
2780	O
)	O
and	O
Q	O
(	O
3086	O
)-	O
S	O
(	O
3087	O
)).	O

Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
autoprocessing	O
kinetics	O
in	O
vitro	O
reveals	O
that	O
proteolysis	B-PROC
at	O
the	O
Q	O
(	O
2779	O
)-	O
S	O
(	O
2780	O
)	O
site	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
cleavage	B-PROC
event	O
mediated	O
by	O
this	O
proteinase	B-PROC
.	O

Immunofluorescence	O
microscopy	O
and	O
subcellular	O
fractionation	O
studies	O
further	O
show	O
differential	O
subcellular	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
proteinase	B-PROC
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
the	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
alone	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
additional	O
roles	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
might	O
be	O
played	O
by	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Two	O
cases	O
of	O
fulminant	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumoniae	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
within	O
4	O
months	O
.	O

In	O
both	O
of	O
them	O
severe	O
complications	O
occurred	O
which	O
coincided	O
with	O
the	O
acute	O
MP	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
these	O
observations	O
,	O
we	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
the	O
thymus	B-SPEC
harbors	O
an	O
agent	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
involved	O
in	O
PEMS	O
.	O

In	O
these	O
studies	O
,	O
naïve	O
turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
were	O
orally	B-ANAT
inoculated	O
with	O
a	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
-	O
free	O
filtrate	O
composed	O
of	O
either	O
the	O
intestines	O
and	O
feces	B-ANAT
or	O
the	O
thymus	B-SPEC
from	O
PEMS	O
-	O
infected	O
birds	B-SPEC
and	O
were	O
monitored	O
for	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
PEMS	O
.	O

The	O
SRV	O
incubation	O
with	O
normal	O
thymocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
splenocytes	O
in	O
vitro	O
resulted	O
in	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
lymphoproliferative	O
response	O
against	O
Con	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	O
41	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
and	O
10	O
.	O
49	O
%	O
reductions	O
at	O
1	O
:	O
50	O
SRV	O
dilution	O
vs	O
.	O
controls	O
in	O
thymocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
splenocytes	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

Evidence	O
suggests	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
rupture	O
of	O
the	O
basement	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
and	O
interstitial	B-COMP
matrix	I-COMP
remodeling	O
during	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
potential	O
role	O
for	O
tumour	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
in	O
synergy	O
between	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
bacterial	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
examined	O
whether	O
exposure	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
to	O
both	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PRCV	O
)	O
and	O
bacterial	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)	O
can	O
potentiate	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
tumour	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
factor	O
-	O
a	O
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1	I-FUNC
).	O

In	O
a	O
second	O
study	O
,	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
PRCV	O
and	O
subsequently	O
with	O
LPS	B-DISO
at	O
various	O
time	O
intervals	O
ranging	O
from	O
0	O
to	O
24	O
h	O
,	O
and	O
killed	O
5	O
h	O
after	O
inoculation	O
with	O
LPS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
in	O
-	O
vivo	O
demonstration	O
of	O
synergy	O
between	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
LPS	B-DISO
.	O

As	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
coronaviruses	O
(	O
MHVs	O
),	O
the	O
SDAV	O
genome	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
code	O
for	O
a	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
small	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
a	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Immediately	O
upstream	O
of	O
the	O
HE	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
polymerase	B-PRGE
1b	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
NS2	B-PRGE
nonstructural	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
identified	O
with	O
a	O
coding	O
capacity	O
of	O
274	O
aa	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
comprehensive	O
genetic	O
information	O
of	O
any	O
rat	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

One	O
additional	O
patient	O
developed	O
a	O
similar	O
disorder	O
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
long	O
-	O
standing	B-PROC
chronic	O
active	O
EBV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Detailed	O
immunophenotyping	O
,	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
for	O
EBV	B-PRGE
early	I-PRGE
RNA	O
-	O
1	O
(	O
EBER1	O
)	O
and	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
analyses	O
for	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
(	O
Ig	O
)	O
heavy	O
chain	O
and	O
T	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
TCR	B-COMP
)-	O
gamma	O
gene	B-PROC
rearrangements	I-PROC
were	O
performed	O
on	O
paraffin	O
-	O
embedded	O
tissue	B-ANAT
from	O
all	O
patients	O
.	O

On	O
histologic	O
examination	O
,	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
spleen	I-ANAT
showed	O
prominent	O
sinusoidal	O
and	O
portal	B-ANAT
lymphoid	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
of	O
CD3	B-PRGE
(+),	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
F1	I-PRGE
(+),	O
EBER1	O
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
lacking	O
significant	O
cytologic	B-DISO
atypia	I-DISO
.	O

All	O
were	O
TIA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(+),	I-PRGE
CD56	B-PRGE
(-).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
previously	O
identified	O
a	O
functionally	O
essential	O
bulged	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
in	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
genome	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
functional	O
importance	O
of	O
individual	O
stem	B-ANAT
segments	O
of	O
this	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
was	O
characterized	O
by	O
genetic	O
analysis	O
using	O
targeted	B-PROC
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
studies	O
were	O
complemented	O
by	O
enzymatic	O
and	O
chemical	O
probing	O
of	O
the	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
.	O

Three	O
of	O
the	O
stem	O
segments	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
essential	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

All	O
patients	O
had	O
recently	O
visited	O
classical	O
malaria	B-PATH
regions	O
some	O
days	O
before	O
admission	O
:	O
five	O
patients	O
the	O
sub	O
-	O
Saharan	O
Africa	O
and	O
one	O
patient	O
Thailand	O
and	O
Vietnam	O
.	O

Only	O
two	O
of	O
six	O
patients	O
had	O
taken	O
prophylactic	O
medication	O
:	O
one	O
patient	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
and	O
proguanil	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
other	O
mefloquine	B-CHED
(	O
she	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
a	O
severe	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
journey	O
).	O

Virus	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
tests	O
failed	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
a	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
abilities	O
of	O
wt	O
and	O
srr18	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
MHVR2	O
.	O

This	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
most	O
likely	O
reason	O
for	O
inefficient	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
mutants	O
in	O
BHK	O
-	O
R2	O
is	O
impaired	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
into	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
describe	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
had	O
acute	O
and	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
from	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

Physicians	O
caring	O
for	O
patients	O
who	O
have	O
recently	O
traveled	O
to	O
malaria	B-PATH
-	O
endemic	O
areas	O
need	O
to	O
anticipate	O
the	O
possible	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
with	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
complications	O
,	O
including	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Demyelination	O
induced	O
by	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
),	O
strain	O
JHM	O
,	O
is	O
in	O
large	O
part	O
immune	O
mediated	O
,	O
but	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
involved	O
in	O
this	O
process	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
using	O
an	O
established	O
adoptive	O
transfer	O
model	O
and	O
pharmacological	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
NOS2	B-PRGE
function	O
,	O
we	O
could	O
demonstrate	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

Porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PRCV	O
),	O
a	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
gene	O
natural	O
deletion	O
mutant	B-DISO
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
,	O
has	O
a	O
respiratory	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
causes	O
mild	O
or	O
subclinical	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Conventional	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
fail	O
to	O
differentiate	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
PRCV	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
blocking	B-DISO
ELISA	O
test	O
to	O
serologically	O
differentiate	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
/	O
PRCV	O
-	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
is	O
conducted	O
on	O
convalescent	O
serum	B-COMP
retrospectively	O
after	O
disease	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Septic	O
shock	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
systemic	B-PROC
vascular	I-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
evidence	O
that	O
terbutaline	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
beta2	B-PRGE
-	O
agonist	B-CHED
,	O
inhibits	O
TNFalpha	B-PRGE
production	O
and	O
enhances	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
)	O
release	B-PATH
in	O
the	O
anesthetized	O
rat	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
LPS	B-DISO
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
pretreatment	O
of	O
rats	B-SPEC
with	O
terbutaline	B-CHED
attenuates	O
the	O
delayed	O
hypotension	O
and	O
prevents	O
vascular	B-ANAT
hyporeactivity	O
to	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
61	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
coronaviruses	O
were	O
identified	O
from	O
1198	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
1	O
%);	O
in	O
addition	O
,	O
9	O
additional	O
infections	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
>/=	O
1	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
:	O
perspectives	O
with	O
infants	O
and	O
children	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
acute	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paraparesis	I-DISO
or	O
ascending	O
quadriparesis	B-DISO
in	O
an	O
infant	O
or	O
child	O
constitutes	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
pediatric	O
neurology	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
cause	O
.	O

Another	O
clinical	O
variant	O
is	O
the	O
Miller	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Fisher	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
ataxia	B-DISO
,	O
ophthalmoparesis	O
,	O
and	O
areflexia	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
GQ	O
-	O
1	O
-	O
b	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
purified	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
had	O
in	O
vitro	O
ATPase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
that	O
was	O
strongly	O
stimulated	O
by	O
poly	O
(	O
U	O
),	O
poly	O
(	O
dT	O
),	O
poly	O
(	O
C	O
),	O
and	O
poly	O
(	O
dA	O
),	O
but	O
not	O
by	O
poly	O
(	O
G	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Select	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
,	O
primarily	O
elastase	B-PRGE
,	O
precipitate	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
similar	O
to	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
stimulate	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
in	O
vitro	O
via	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
)	O
activation	O
.	O

Pancreatic	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
induced	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
IkappaBalpha	B-PRGE
/	O
IkappaBbeta	B-PRGE
degradation	O
(	O
30	O
minutes	O
),	O
NF	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
kappaB	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
(	O
60	O
minutes	O
),	O
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
(	O
60	O
minutes	O
)	O
with	O
subsequent	O
neutrophilic	B-PROC
inflammation	B-DISO
(	O
4	O
hours	O
)	O
and	O
microvascular	O
leakage	B-DISO
(	O
24	O
hours	O
),	O
whereas	O
amylase	B-PRGE
,	O
lipase	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
did	O
not	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Pancreatic	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
induced	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
IkappaBalpha	B-PRGE
/	O
IkappaBbeta	B-PRGE
degradation	O
(	O
30	O
minutes	O
),	O
NF	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
kappaB	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
(	O
60	O
minutes	O
),	O
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
(	O
60	O
minutes	O
)	O
with	O
subsequent	O
neutrophilic	B-PROC
inflammation	B-DISO
(	O
4	O
hours	O
)	O
and	O
microvascular	O
leakage	B-DISO
(	O
24	O
hours	O
),	O
whereas	O
amylase	B-PRGE
,	O
lipase	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
did	O
not	O
.	O

Demyelination	B-DISO
is	O
largely	O
immune	O
mediated	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
individual	O
roles	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
were	O
investigated	O
using	O
recombination	B-PROC
-	O
activating	O
gene	O
1	O
-/-	O
(	O
RAG1	B-PRGE
-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
an	O
attenuated	O
strain	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
JHM	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	O
-	O
enriched	O
recipients	O
developed	O
delayed	O
disease	O
with	O
extensive	O
demyelination	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
.	O

If	O
the	O
effusion	B-DISO
is	O
transudative	O
,	O
therapy	O
should	O
be	O
directed	O
toward	O
the	O
underlying	O
congestive	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
nephrosis	B-DISO
.	O

Consideration	O
should	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
pleurodesis	O
with	O
a	O
sclerosant	O
if	O
patients	O
with	O
recurrent	O
transudative	O
effusion	B-DISO
have	O
severe	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
their	O
effusion	B-DISO
.	O

During	O
each	O
infusion	O
of	O
AmBd	O
over	O
the	O
next	O
3	O
d	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
developed	O
rigor	B-DISO
,	O
chill	B-DISO
and	O
elevated	B-PROC
temperature	I-PROC
which	O
was	O
managed	O
with	O
meperidine	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
decrease	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
-	O
vascular	B-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
is	O
paralleled	O
by	O
both	O
optimized	O
ventilation	O
-	O
perfusion	O
matching	O
and	O
subsequently	O
improved	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
.	O

At	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
acting	O
prostacyclin	B-CHED
analogue	O
ilomedin	O
for	O
ambulant	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
is	O
under	O
investigation	O
.	O

By	O
9	O
weeks	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.,	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
had	O
largely	O
disappeared	O
from	O
brains	B-ANAT
of	O
both	O
infected	O
groups	O
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
decline	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
.	O

The	O
replicase	B-PRGE
is	O
encoded	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
most	O
22	O
kb	O
of	O
the	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
translated	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
polyprotein	O
of	O
>	O
800	O
kDa	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
report	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
and	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
three	O
distinct	O
viral	B-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
activities	O
process	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
polyprotein	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	O
contains	O
three	O
envelope	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
M	O
,	O
E	O
and	O
S	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
consists	O
of	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
and	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
within	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
envelope	I-COMP
.	O

We	O
studied	O
the	O
macromolecular	O
interactions	O
involved	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
assembly	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
).	O

Intracellular	B-COMP
M	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
N	O
protein	B-PROC
interaction	I-PROC
was	O
maintained	O
after	O
removal	O
of	O
viral	O
RNAs	O
by	O
RNase	B-PRGE
treatment	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicated	O
that	O
while	O
the	O
M	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
N	O
protein	B-PROC
interaction	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
is	O
independent	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
,	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
complex	I-PRGE
,	O
some	O
MHV	B-SPEC
function	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
was	O
necessary	O
for	O
the	O
initiation	O
of	O
M	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
interaction	O
.	O

Other	O
species	B-SPEC
are	O
not	O
considered	O
as	O
reservoirs	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Crimean	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Congo	I-DISO
haemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
is	O
transmitted	B-DISO
to	O
domestic	O
animals	B-SPEC
including	O
ostriches	B-SPEC
,	O
principally	O
by	O
ticks	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Hyalomma	B-SPEC
.	O

Salmonella	B-DISO
Gallinarum	O
and	O
S	O
.	O
Pullorum	O
are	O
unknown	O
in	O
ostriches	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
viraemic	O
period	O
in	O
vaccinated	O
slaughter	O
ostriches	B-SPEC
is	O
between	O
nine	O
and	O
eleven	O
days	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
indications	O
of	O
a	O
carrier	O
state	O
or	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
meat	O
or	O
any	O
other	O
tissues	B-ANAT
after	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
with	O
peak	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
response	O
reached	O
on	O
day	O
fourteen	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Cloacal	B-ANAT
and	O
choanal	O
swabs	O
used	O
for	O
direct	O
virological	O
screening	O
in	O
clinically	O
affected	O
cases	O
(	O
field	O
and	O
experimental	O
)	O
could	O
not	O
detect	O
NDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Wesselsbron	O
disease	O
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
bursal	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
type	O
2	O
),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
and	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
from	O
ostriches	B-SPEC
but	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
these	O
diseases	O
is	O
unclear	O
.	O

The	O
persistent	O
presence	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
of	O
asthmatic	B-DISO
children	O
shows	O
a	O
possible	O
connection	O
between	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

Vesicular	B-DISO
breath	I-DISO
sounds	I-DISO
were	O
reduced	O
over	O
the	O
entire	B-ANAT
thorax	I-ANAT
and	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
systolic	O
murmur	O
over	O
Erb	O
'	O
s	O
point	O
(	O
above	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
clavicle	I-ANAT
).	O

ARDs	B-DISO
are	O
similar	O
for	O
most	O
categories	O
of	O
cytotoxic	O
agents	O
,	O
with	O
chronic	O
pneumonitis	B-DISO
and	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
being	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
leptospiral	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
63	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
who	O
acquired	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
while	O
swimming	B-PROC
in	O
canals	B-ANAT
and	O
streams	O
in	O
Hawaii	O
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
experience	O
self	O
-	O
limited	O
illness	O
,	O
with	O
fever	O
,	O
myalgias	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
malaise	B-DISO
followed	O
by	O
an	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
aseptic	B-DISO
meningitis	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
small	O
proportion	O
develop	O
shock	O
and	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

Whereas	O
myalgias	B-DISO
are	O
ubiquitous	O
in	O
leptospiral	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
most	O
patients	O
show	O
mildly	O
elevated	O
muscle	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
,	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
is	O
rare	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
contribution	O
of	O
the	O
T	O
cell	O
chemoattractant	O
chemokine	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
inducible	O
protein	B-CHED
10	O
(	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
)	O
in	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
following	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
was	O
examined	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characterization	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PRCV	O
)	O
field	O
isolates	O
co	O
-	O
circulating	O
in	O
a	O
swine	B-SPEC
herd	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
in	O
the	O
partial	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
ORF3	B-PRGE
/	O
3a	O
and	O
ORF3	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
revealed	O
high	O
homology	O
with	O
enteropathogenic	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
reduced	O
severity	O
of	O
TGE	B-DISO
observed	O
in	O
this	O
herd	O
may	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
ongoing	O
PRCV	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
induce	O
antibodies	B-COMP
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reactive	I-PROC
with	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
result	O
in	O
decreased	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

119	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
with	O
epizootic	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
of	O
presumed	O
viral	O
cause	O
and	O
5	O
control	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
.	O

Characteristic	O
microscopic	O
lesions	O
consistent	O
with	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
vacuolar	B-COMP
degeneration	B-DISO
and	O
necrosis	B-PROC
of	O
villus	B-ANAT
enterocytes	B-ANAT
;	O
villus	B-ANAT
atrophy	B-DISO
,	O
fusion	O
,	O
and	O
blunting	O
;	O
and	O
lymphocytic	O
enteritis	O
)	O
were	O
consistently	O
detected	O
in	O
affected	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
.	O

Immunohistochemical	O
staining	O
of	O
jejunal	B-ANAT
sections	O
revealed	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Seroprevalence	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
selected	O
Korean	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Ingestion	O
is	O
rare	O
because	O
of	O
alarming	O
odour	O
and	O
irritant	O
effect	O
but	O
documented	O
in	O
accidental	O
,	O
homicidal	B-DISO
or	O
suicidal	O
attempts	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pumpless	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
and	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
pumpless	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	O
assist	O
-	O
a	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
method	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
that	O
allows	O
an	O
extracorporal	O
gas	B-ENZY
-	O
exchange	O
without	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
pump	O
.	O

The	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
55	O
-	O
year	O
old	O
male	O
patient	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
bleeding	B-DISO
diathesis	I-DISO
is	O
reported	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
was	O
treated	O
non	O
-	O
invasively	O
with	O
CPAP	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
recovered	O
from	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
distress	O
one	O
week	O
later	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
34	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
into	O
a	O
previously	O
undiscovered	O
pheochromocytoma	B-DISO
following	O
a	O
fall	O
on	O
a	O
patch	O
of	O
ice	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
reported	O
case	O
of	O
hemorrhagic	O
pheochromocytoma	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
traumatic	O
injury	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
hnRNP	B-PRGE
A1	I-PRGE
also	O
participates	O
in	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
and	O
replication	O
of	O
a	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
).	O

Patient	O
-	O
related	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
chronic	O
hypophosphataemia	B-DISO
were	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
alcoholism	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
diabetes	B-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
.	O

Titers	O
were	O
detected	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
-	O
1	O
,	O
and	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
-	O
2	O
but	O
not	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
-	O
1	O
,	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
rabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
calicivirus	I-SPEC
,	O
or	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

No	O
interferon	B-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
inoculum	O
used	O
for	O
MHV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
confirmed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
in	O
brain	B-ANAT
parenchyma	B-ANAT
,	O
outside	O
blood	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
EDI	O
RNA	O
contains	O
a	O
truncated	O
replicase	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
(	O
EDI	O
-	O
ORF	O
)	O
and	O
encodes	O
a	O
truncated	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Demyelination	B-DISO
determinants	O
map	O
to	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
gene	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	O
.	O

Recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
containing	O
an	O
S	O
gene	O
derived	O
from	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
in	O
an	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
background	O
(	O
Penn98	O
-	O
1	O
and	O
Penn98	O
-	O
2	O
)	O
exhibited	O
a	O
persistence	O
-	O
positive	O
,	O
demyelination	B-DISO
-	O
negative	O
phenotype	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
infects	O
polarized	O
airway	B-ANAT
epithelia	O
from	O
the	O
apical	O
surface	O
.	O

As	O
described	O
for	O
MHV	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
established	O
that	O
the	O
EAV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
colocalizes	O
with	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
replication	I-COMP
complex	I-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
After	O
the	O
generalisation	O
of	O
the	O
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
the	O
visits	O
rate	O
decreased	O
,	O
the	O
motives	O
for	O
consulting	O
with	O
the	O
physician	O
and	O
complementary	O
examinations	O
changed	O
,	O
invasive	O
therapeutic	O
procedures	O
,	O
admissions	O
from	O
urgencies	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
rates	O
decreased	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
serologic	O
testing	O
and	O
slaughter	O
evaluation	O
for	O
assessing	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
subclinical	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
on	O
growth	B-PROC
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Genome	O
-	O
length	O
negative	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
and	O
subgenomic	O
-	O
length	O
negative	O
-	O
strand	O
RNAs	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
corresponds	O
to	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
,	O
also	O
accumulate	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

A	O
recombinant	O
form	O
of	O
nsp10	O
,	O
MBP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
nsp10	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
produced	O
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
as	O
a	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
with	O
the	O
maltose	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
combined	O
data	O
strongly	O
support	O
the	O
idea	B-SPEC
that	O
nidovirus	B-SPEC
helicases	O
may	O
represent	O
a	O
separate	O
group	O
of	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
encoded	O
helicases	O
with	O
distinct	O
properties	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
severe	O
evolution	B-PROC
as	O
5	O
children	O
died	B-PROC
and	O
4	O
survived	O
with	O
severe	O
damage	O
.	O

Only	O
one	O
patient	O
had	O
multiple	O
deletions	O
in	O
the	O
mtDNA	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
capture	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCV	B-SPEC
)	O
utilizing	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
developed	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
325	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
175	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
TCV	B-SPEC
by	O
immunofluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
assay	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Morphologic	O
observations	O
on	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tracts	I-ANAT
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
after	O
hatchery	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
vaccination	O
and	O
formaldehyde	B-CHED
fumigation	O
.	O

After	O
necropsy	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
,	O
eighth	O
,	O
and	O
twenty	O
-	O
sixth	O
days	O
after	O
birth	B-PROC
,	O
samples	O
from	O
tracheal	O
upper	O
portion	O
and	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
conventionally	O
processed	O
for	O
light	O
,	O
scanning	O
,	O
and	O
transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

The	O
nonfumigated	O
and	O
vaccinated	O
birds	B-SPEC
(	O
NFV	O
)	O
revealed	O
less	O
injury	O
on	O
the	O
epithelial	O
surface	O
and	O
a	O
more	O
rapid	O
response	O
to	O
epithelial	O
regeneration	B-PROC
than	O
the	O
in	O
only	O
fumigated	O
animals	B-SPEC
(	O
FNV	O
).	O

In	O
both	O
experiments	O
and	O
within	O
IBV	B-SPEC
challenge	O
serotype	O
,	O
broilers	O
given	O
MD	O
vaccines	O
(	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
or	O
at	O
hatch	B-PROC
)	O
and	O
IB	O
vaccines	O
at	O
hatch	B-PROC
had	O
protection	O
rates	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
challenges	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
significantly	O
less	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
than	O
IB	O
protection	O
rates	O
of	O
groups	O
that	O
received	O
only	O
IB	O
vaccines	O
at	O
hatch	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
isolates	O
were	O
recovered	O
from	O
broiler	O
flocks	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
raised	O
on	O
the	O
Delmarva	O
peninsula	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
Ark	B-PRGE
vaccination	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
VN	O
and	O
sequencing	O
findings	O
,	O
isolates	O
Ark	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
213	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
96	I-PRGE
,	O
Ark	B-PRGE
/	O
15C	O
/	O
96	O
,	O
Ark	B-PRGE
/	O
1529	O
/	O
95	O
,	O
and	O
Ark	B-PRGE
/	O
1534	O
/	O
95	O
were	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
single	O
subtype	O
of	O
the	O
Ark	B-PRGE
serotype	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
,	O
immunohistochemistry	O
,	O
and	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
procedures	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
turkey	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TCV	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
as	O
early	O
as	O
day	O
1	O
postexposure	O
(	O
PE	O
)	O
by	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
detection	O
procedures	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
low	O
serum	B-COMP
total	O
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
might	O
correlate	O
with	O
the	O
likelihood	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
at	O
-	O
risk	O
patients	O
because	O
serum	B-COMP
total	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
chief	O
determinant	O
of	O
oncotic	O
pressure	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
pancytopenia	B-DISO
was	O
severe	O
(	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
;	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
,	O
59	O
g	O
/	O
L	O
;	O
platelets	B-ANAT
,	O
36	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
),	O
required	O
many	O
transfusions	O
,	O
and	O
resolved	O
2	O
months	O
later	O
.	O

RHS	B-DISO
duration	O
was	O
20	O
days	O
;	O
the	O
patient	O
recovered	O
completely	O
.	O

Lymphoplasmacytoid	O
cells	B-ANAT
,	I-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
small	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
were	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
and	O
lymphoplasmacytoid	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
also	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
smear	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
syndrome	B-DISO
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
defined	O
by	O
a	O
constellation	O
of	O
clinical	O
criteria	O
.	O

Role	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
in	O
clinical	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

This	O
process	O
can	O
be	O
upregulated	O
by	O
several	O
catecholamine	B-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
and	O
independent	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
situation	O
,	O
the	O
abnormal	O
ventilation	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
perfusion	I-PROC
ratio	I-PROC
is	O
improved	O
by	O
inhaled	B-PROC
NO	O
,	O
limiting	O
arterial	B-ANAT
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
normal	O
and	O
lesioned	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
,	O
oligodendrocyte	B-ANAT
lineage	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
including	O
progenitors	O
and	O
mature	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
express	O
multiple	O
FGFR	B-FUNC
types	O
(	O
FGFR1	B-PRGE
,	O
FGFR2	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
FGFR3	B-PRGE
).	O

Bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
disclosed	O
neutrophilic	B-PROC
alveolitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Strains	O
OC43	O
and	O
229E	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
cause	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
common	B-DISO
colds	I-DISO
and	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
HCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
premature	O
newborns	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
various	O
chemical	O
disinfectants	B-CHED
tested	O
,	O
Proviodine	O
reduced	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
titre	O
by	O
at	O
least	O
50	O
%.	O

CRRTs	O
have	O
certainly	O
made	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
combined	O
with	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
instability	O
,	O
severe	O
fluid	B-DISO
overload	I-DISO
,	O
hypercatabolism	B-DISO
,	O
cerebral	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
lactic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
or	O
other	O
inflammatory	O
syndromes	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
crush	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
congestive	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
bypass	O
easier	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
report	O
indicates	O
that	O
nonindustrial	O
exposures	O
due	O
to	O
household	O
product	O
misuse	O
,	O
especially	O
to	O
mixing	O
cleaning	O
agents	O
,	O
may	O
cause	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
not	O
only	O
irritant	O
-	O
induced	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
leptin	B-PRGE
,	O
adjusted	O
for	O
fat	O
mass	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
percentage	O
of	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
(%	O
FM	O
),	O
was	O
elevated	O
on	O
Day	O
1	O
compared	O
with	O
healthy	O
subjects	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
82	O
[	O
3	O
.	O
85	O
]	O
versus	O
0	O
.	O
32	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
72	O
]	O
ng	O
%/	O
ml	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
),	O
but	O
decreased	O
significantly	O
until	O
Day	O
7	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
46	O
[	O
3	O
.	O
77	O
]	O
ng	O
%/	O
ml	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
To	O
assess	O
whether	O
differences	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
morphology	O
observed	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
differences	O
in	O
cardiorespiratory	O
parameters	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
,	O
and	O
outcome	O
.	O

The	O
only	O
definitive	O
antemortem	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
for	O
FIP	B-DISO
is	O
histopathologic	O
examination	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
ocular	B-PROC
FIP	B-DISO
is	O
symptomatic	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
mainstay	O
of	O
palliative	O
therapy	O
is	O
topical	O
or	O
systemic	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
or	O
both	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
In	O
vitro	O
efficacy	O
of	O
nikkomycin	B-CHED
Z	I-CHED
against	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
isolate	O
of	O
the	O
microsporidian	O
species	B-SPEC
Encephalitozoon	B-SPEC
hellem	I-SPEC
.	O

When	O
controlled	O
for	O
age	O
,	O
RDI	O
,	O
and	O
LSAT	O
,	O
the	O
white	O
men	O
were	O
substantially	O
more	O
obese	B-DISO
(	O
mean	O
BMI	O
,	O
29	O
.	O
7	O
+/-	O

Although	O
the	O
posterior	O
airway	B-ANAT
space	O
and	O
the	O
distance	O
from	O
the	O
mandibular	B-ANAT
plane	O
to	O
hyoid	B-ANAT
bone	I-ANAT
were	O
less	O
abnormal	O
in	O
the	O
Far	O
-	O
East	O
Asian	O
men	O
,	O
the	O
cranial	B-ANAT
base	I-ANAT
dimensions	O
were	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
.	O

Bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
by	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
ELISA	O
and	O
immune	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
in	O
fecal	B-ANAT
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
samples	O
and	O
by	O
immunohistochemical	O
analysis	O
of	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
sections	O
collected	O
from	O
calves	O
during	O
necropsy	O
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
leader	O
RNA	O
in	O
the	O
DI	O
genome	O
significantly	O
enhances	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
DI	O
subgenomic	O
mRNA	B-PROC
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
leader	O
RNA	O
is	O
a	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
sequence	O
for	O
mRNA	B-PROC
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

Analyses	O
of	O
the	O
secondary	O
structure	O
indicate	O
that	O
this	O
35	O
-	O
nt	O
sequence	O
forms	O
two	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loops	O
conserved	O
among	O
MHVs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Strategy	O
for	O
systematic	O
assembly	O
of	O
large	O
RNA	O
and	O
DNA	O
genomes	O
:	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	O
model	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
assembled	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
infectious	B-DISO
construct	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
an	O
important	O
pathogen	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

Viral	O
antigen	B-CHED
production	O
and	O
subgenomic	O
mRNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
were	O
evident	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
throughout	O
passage	O
.	O

Plaque	B-DISO
-	O
purified	O
virus	B-SPEC
derived	O
from	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
construct	O
replicated	O
efficiently	O
and	O
displayed	O
similar	O
plaque	B-DISO
morphology	O
in	O
permissive	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Host	B-COMP
range	O
phenotypes	O
of	O
the	O
molecularly	O
cloned	O
and	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
similar	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
origin	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
a	O
ten	O
-	O
year	O
experience	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
outcome	O
,	O
clinical	O
parameters	O
,	O
and	O
complications	O
in	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
245	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
of	O
whom	O
62	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
.	O

ECMO	O
is	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
likely	O
to	O
increase	O
survival	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
steroid	B-CHED
group	O
,	O
each	O
patient	O
was	O
given	O
250	O
mg	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
intravenously	O
before	O
operation	O
followed	O
by	O
125	O
mg	O
on	O
postoperative	O
days	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vitamin	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
supplements	O
and	O
diarrheal	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
among	O
children	O
in	O
Dar	B-DISO
es	O
Salaam	O
,	O
Tanzania	O
.	O

In	O
late	O
1999	O
and	O
early	O
2000	O
,	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
acute	O
illness	O
compatible	O
with	O
HPS	B-DISO
was	O
reported	O
in	O
Los	O
Santos	O
,	O
Panama	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
3	O
of	O
the	O
12	O
(	O
25	O
%)	O
suspected	O
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previous	O
definition	O
of	O
classic	O
dengue	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
hemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
(	O
DHF	O
)	O
that	O
may	O
evolve	O
without	O
bleeding	B-DISO
and	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
dengue	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
DSS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
reviewed	O
here	O
.	O

The	O
classical	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
,	O
although	O
useful	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
nowadays	O
breeds	B-PROC
confusion	B-DISO
and	O
adds	O
a	O
burden	O
to	O
the	O
physician	O
'	O
s	O
task	O
of	O
decision	O
-	O
making	O
regarding	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

It	O
also	O
approximates	O
the	O
dengue	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
to	O
other	O
protocols	O
and	O
medical	O
procedures	O
routinely	O
used	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
easier	O
to	O
be	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
health	O
personnel	O
working	O
in	O
areas	O
subject	O
to	O
epidemic	O
bursts	O
.	O

In	O
an	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
optimize	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
we	O
have	O
constructed	O
several	O
BAV	B-DISO
-	O
3	O
recombinants	O
carrying	O
the	O
hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
(	O
HE	O
)	O
gene	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
the	O
E3	O
region	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
exogenous	O
transcription	B-PROC
control	O
elements	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
137	O
bp	O
chimeric	O
intron	O
upstream	O
of	O
the	O
HE	B-PRGE
cDNA	I-PRGE
is	O
able	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
HE	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
BAV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
containing	I-PRGE
HE	I-PRGE
under	O
the	O
HCMV	O
IE	O
promoter	O
replicated	O
less	O
efficiently	O
than	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
BAV	B-DISO
-	O
3	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Glucose	B-CHED
and	O
galactose	B-CHED
absorption	O
after	O
ingestion	O
of	O
milk	O
containing	O
hydrolysed	O
lactose	B-CHED
in	O
calves	O
with	O
diarrhoea	O
.	O

Peak	O
plasma	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
galactose	B-CHED
concentration	O
tended	O
to	O
be	O
delayed	O
after	O
the	O
intake	O
of	O
lactose	B-CHED
-	O
hydrolysed	O
milk	O
,	O
which	O
implies	O
that	O
gastric	B-PROC
emptying	I-PROC
was	O
probably	O
delayed	O
.	O

Filter	O
binding	B-FUNC
was	O
used	O
to	O
map	O
N	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
sites	O
within	O
Drep	O
,	O
a	O
BCV	B-SPEC
-	O
defective	O
genome	O
that	O
is	O
replicated	O
and	O
packaged	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
helper	O
virus	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
clearly	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
N	O
binds	B-FUNC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNAs	O
more	O
efficiently	O
than	O
nonviral	O
RNAs	O
.	O

About	O
one	O
third	O
of	O
reported	O
reactions	O
to	O
melon	O
are	O
confirmed	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
DBPCFC	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
reliable	O
procedure	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
clinical	O
fruit	B-DISO
allergy	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
3	O
'-	O
UTR	O
of	O
the	O
D	O
-	O
RNAs	O
was	O
flanked	O
by	O
a	O
hepatitis	B-PRGE
delta	I-PRGE
antigenomic	I-PRGE
ribozyme	I-PRGE
and	O
T7	O
terminator	O
sequence	O
to	O
generate	O
suitable	O
3	O
'	O
ends	O
for	O
rescue	O
by	O
helper	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
of	O
these	O
wt	O
and	O
mutated	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
similarly	O
transported	O
onto	O
the	O
cell	O
membrane	O
independent	O
of	O
their	O
fusogenicity	O
capability	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
trees	O
of	O
different	O
topology	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
consensus	O
IG	O
sequences	O
and	O
the	O
highly	O
conserved	O
sequence	O
around	O
this	O
regions	O
may	O
serve	O
as	O
recombination	B-PROC
'	B-DISO
hot	I-DISO
spots	I-DISO
'.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
selected	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
DE072	O
serotype	O
field	O
isolates	O
further	O
support	O
those	O
results	O
and	O
indicate	O
that	O
isolates	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
serotype	O
may	O
have	O
different	O
amounts	O
of	O
nucleotide	O
sequence	O
similarity	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
in	O
individual	O
genes	O
other	O
than	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
antigen	B-CHED
quantification	O
assays	O
would	O
be	O
attractive	O
alternatives	O
for	O
the	O
current	O
potency	O
assays	O
because	O
the	O
time	O
and	O
costs	O
involved	O
could	O
be	O
greatly	O
reduced	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
use	O
could	O
be	O
avoided	O
.	O

ECMO	O
technique	O
was	O
an	O
adaptation	B-PROC
of	O
conventional	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
bypass	O
techniques	O
and	O
introduced	O
into	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
1970s	O
.	O

In	O
conventional	O
treatment	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
were	O
introduced	O
and	O
ECMO	O
was	O
made	O
safer	O
by	O
applying	O
heparin	B-CHED
-	O
coated	O
equipment	O
,	O
membranes	B-ANAT
and	O
tubings	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
show	O
that	O
intravenous	O
immune	O
globulin	O
(	O
IVIg	O
)	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
exchange	O
(	O
PE	O
)	O
are	O
equally	O
effective	O
in	O
reducing	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
functional	B-DISO
recovery	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
emphasize	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
imaging	O
the	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
arteries	I-ANAT
in	O
traumatic	O
patients	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
initial	O
neurological	B-DISO
symptom	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
case	O
illustrates	O
the	O
potential	O
risk	O
of	O
a	O
traumatic	B-DISO
aneurysm	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
potential	O
source	O
of	O
ischemic	O
brain	B-DISO
infarctions	I-DISO
.	O

Lactic	O
acidosis	O
with	O
hemolytic	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
uremic	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
appeared	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
died	B-PROC
as	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
multivisceral	O
(	O
respiratory	O
,	O
renal	B-ANAT
,	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
)	O
deficiency	O
.	O

The	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
product	O
was	O
cloned	O
into	O
pUC19	O
and	O
sequenced	O
;	O
the	O
complete	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
NC99	O
(	O
446	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
)	O
was	O
then	O
compared	O
with	O
published	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
sequences	O
of	O
other	O
avian	B-SPEC
and	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Protocol	O
compliance	O
was	O
poor	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
31	O
%	O
of	O
protocol	O
A	O
patients	O
receiving	O
prehospital	O
fluids	B-ANAT
and	O
only	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
protocol	O
B	O
patients	O
not	O
given	O
fluids	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Meningitis	B-DISO
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
and	O
jaundice	B-DISO
--	O
case	O
report	O
].	O

The	O
CPE	O
was	O
induced	O
most	O
rapidly	O
in	O
IC	O
-	O
21	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
was	O
visible	O
microscopically	O
in	O
all	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
tested	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
to	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
the	O
50	O
%	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
infectious	B-DISO
dose	O
of	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
was	O
determined	O
with	O
B16	O
,	O
DBT	B-CHED
,	O
IC	O
-	O
21	O
and	O
J774A	O
.	O
1	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
compared	O
to	O
that	O
with	O
DBT	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
19	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
3	O
strains	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
predicted	O
a	O
conserved	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
structure	O
at	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
region	O
II	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
UTR	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	O
nucleoprotein	O
(	O
N	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
various	O
aspects	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

NF	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
kappaB	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
(	O
by	O
electrophoretic	O
mobility	O
shift	O
assay	O
)	O
is	O
strikingly	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
noncryo	O
liver	B-ANAT
(	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
)	O
at	O
30	O
min	O
and	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
1	O
h	O
after	O
cryo	O
,	O
returning	O
to	O
the	O
baseline	O
by	O
2	O
h	O
and	O
beyond	O
.	O

Marginating	O
PMNs	O
and	O
foamy	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
were	O
more	O
common	O
after	O
cryo	O
at	O
all	O
time	O
points	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
cryo	O
vs	O
resection	O
).	O

This	O
report	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
the	O
Lemierre	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
complemented	O
by	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
the	O
subject	O
.	O

Three	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
tested	O
by	O
oral	B-ANAT
immunization	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
both	O
antibody	O
response	O
and	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
were	O
monitored	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Numerous	O
respiratory	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
RBCV	O
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
recently	O
from	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
samples	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
of	O
feedlot	O
cattle	B-SPEC
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
are	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
RBCV	O
strains	O
have	O
evolved	O
to	O
selectivelyreplicate	O
in	O
respiratory	O
tissues	B-ANAT
and	O
that	O
HE	O
may	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
this	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
when	O
neuraminidase	B-PRGE
-	O
treated	O
virions	B-COMP
or	O
mutants	O
with	O
a	O
defective	O
sialic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
were	O
analyzed	O
,	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
remained	O
in	O
the	O
supernatant	O
rather	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
pellet	O
fraction	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
the	O
surface	O
protein	B-CHED
S	O
with	O
sialoglycoconjugates	O
is	O
maintained	O
after	O
solubilization	O
of	O
this	O
viral	B-COMP
glycoprotein	I-COMP
by	O
detergent	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
systemic	O
immunodeficiencies	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
the	O
antibody	B-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
HIV	B-PATH
infection	I-PATH
or	O
immunosuppressive	O
therapy	O
,	O
the	O
indication	O
for	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
is	O
more	O
liberally	O
established	O
.	O

In	O
combination	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
serious	O
underlying	O
disease	O
such	O
as	O
left	B-ANAT
heart	I-ANAT
insufficiency	O
or	O
diseases	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
may	O
become	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
.	O

The	O
cGMP	B-CHED
concentrations	O
remained	O
unaltered	O
during	O
the	O
VAI	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
cGMP	B-CHED
may	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
seen	O
in	O
air	B-CHED
embolism	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
cGMP	B-CHED
levels	O
increased	O
26	O
%	O
(	O
P	O
<.	O
05	O
)	O
by	O
15	O
minutes	O
after	O
the	O
MAE	O
and	O
returned	O
to	O
basal	O
levels	O
thereafter	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
both	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
rodent	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
has	O
provided	O
unique	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
biology	O
of	O
oligodendroglia	B-ANAT
,	O
their	O
complex	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
cell	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
and	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
myelin	B-COMP
destruction	O
.	O

Demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
both	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
rodents	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
initiated	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
diverse	O
group	O
of	O
enveloped	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
enveloped	O
RNA	O
and	O
DNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
Table	O
1	O
).	O

Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
inflammation	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
processing	O
of	O
myelin	B-COMP
or	O
oligodendroglial	O
components	O
and	O
their	O
presentation	O
to	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
'	O
s	O
own	O
T	O
cell	B-ANAT
compartment	I-ANAT
.	O

Although	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
clear	O
that	O
each	O
of	O
these	O
potential	O
mechanisms	O
participates	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
human	B-SPEC
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
diverse	O
demyelinating	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
both	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
rodents	B-SPEC
provides	O
examples	O
of	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
potential	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
effects	O
of	O
kinetic	O
therapy	O
on	O
the	O
oxygenation	O
in	O
the	O
injured	O
lung	B-ANAT
of	O
111	O
polytrauma	O
patients	O
were	O
analysed	O
in	O
an	O
open	O
prospective	O
study	O
.	O

Positioning	O
therapy	O
was	O
administered	O
in	O
group	O
3	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
prevent	O
atelectases	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
respirator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injuries	O
during	O
a	O
foreseeable	O
,	O
relatively	O
long	O
period	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
in	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
trauma	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
von	B-PRGE
Willebrand	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
prognostic	O
marker	O
in	O
posttraumatic	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
specific	O
endothelial	O
cell	O
product	O
von	B-PRGE
Willebrand	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
(	O
vWf	B-PRGE
:	O
Ag	O
)	O
was	O
measured	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
and	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
tests	O
were	O
carried	O
out	O
and	O
the	O
following	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
parameters	O
measured	O
:	O
P	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
O2	O
/	O
F	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
O2	O
ratio	O
,	O
static	O
respiratory	O
compliance	O
and	O
Murray	O
'	O
s	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
(	O
LIS	B-FUNC
)	O
in	O
a	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
study	O
of	O
36	O
severely	O
traumatized	O
patients	O
.	O

Injury	O
severity	O
score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
APACHE	O
II	O
scores	O
were	O
calculated	O
.	O

We	O
examined	O
retrospectively	O
the	O
records	O
of	O
54	O
infants	O
admitted	O
during	O
a	O
15	O
month	O
period	O
who	O
were	O
35	O
or	O
more	O
weeks	O
of	O
gestation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
who	O
demonstrated	O
all	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
features	O
of	O
RDS	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
relationship	O
between	O
age	O
at	O
treatment	O
(	O
6	O
-	O
89	O
hr	O
)	O
and	O
response	O
to	O
treatment	O
as	O
measured	O
by	O
changes	O
in	O
AaDO2	O
,	O
FiO2	O
,	O
or	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
OI	O
).	O

Such	O
treatment	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
marked	O
increase	O
in	O
mortality	O
that	O
correlated	O
with	O
a	O
>	O
3	O
log	O
increase	O
in	O
viral	O
burden	O
within	O
the	O
brains	B-ANAT
as	O
compared	O
with	O
control	O
mice	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
normal	O
rabbit	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recombinant	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
differing	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
,	O
containing	O
A59	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
spike	O
genes	O
in	O
the	O
background	O
of	O
the	O
A59	O
genome	O
,	O
were	O
compared	O
for	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
replicate	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
induce	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
in	O
weanling	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
500	O
PFU	B-CHED
of	O
each	O
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
intrahepatic	O
injection	O
.	O

S4R21	O
,	O
expressing	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
replicated	O
to	O
a	O
minimal	O
extent	O
and	O
induced	O
few	O
if	O
any	O
pathological	O
changes	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
4	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
RNA	O
structures	O
engaged	O
in	O
replication	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
A59	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	O
.	O

Viral	O
RI	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
TIs	I-PRGE
and	O
native	O
RF	O
/	O
TFs	O
bound	O
to	O
magnetic	O
beads	O
containing	O
oligo	O
(	O
dT	O
)(	O
25	O
),	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
sequence	O
on	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
positive	O
strands	O
was	O
longer	O
than	O
any	O
poly	O
(	O
U	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
negative	O
strands	O
.	O

Eighteen	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
hypotension	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
shock	O
,	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
end	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
,	O
were	O
enrolled	O
and	O
treated	O
.	O

21	O
mL	O
/	O
m2	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
almitrine	B-CHED
decreased	O
right	B-PROC
ventricular	I-PROC
ejection	I-PROC
fraction	O
from	O
36	O
%	O
+/-	O

The	O
almitrine	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
changes	O
in	O
right	B-PROC
ventricular	I-PROC
ejection	I-PROC
fraction	O
were	O
closely	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
baseline	O
MPAP	O
(	O
r2	O
=	O
.	O
71	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
decrease	O
in	O
right	B-PROC
ventricular	I-PROC
ejection	I-PROC
fraction	O
induced	O
by	O
almitrine	B-CHED
was	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
baseline	O
MPAP	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nebulized	O
prostacyclin	B-CHED
(	O
PGI2	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
impact	O
of	O
primary	O
(	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
)	O
and	O
secondary	O
(	O
extrapulmonary	O
injury	O
)	O
disease	O
on	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
response	O
.	O

16	O
dyne	O
x	O
sec	B-CHED
/	O
cm5	B-ANAT
;	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
did	O
not	O
change	O
significantly	O
.	O

torr	O
with	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
mean	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
pressure	O
.	O

Nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
hybridization	B-PROC
and	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reactionbased	O
techniques	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
used	O
.	O

Enteric	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
most	O
frequently	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
neonates	O
and	O
children	O
younger	O
than	O
12	O
years	O
old	O
.	O

Our	O
final	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
ARDS	B-DISO
induced	O
by	O
fulminant	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
A	O
/	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
/	O
68	O
(	O
H3	O
N2	O
))	O
virus	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
because	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
of	O
H3	O
N2	O
influenza	B-DISO
of	O
paired	O
sera	B-COMP
showed	O
a	O
128	O
-	O
fold	O
increase	O
.	O

The	O
Murray	O
score	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
averaged	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
mean	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
ratio	O
was	O
46	O
(	O
31	O
-	O
65	O
).	O

Crystol	O
52	O
was	O
composed	O
of	O
relatively	O
few	O
short	O
-	O
chain	O
hydrocarbons	B-CHED
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
<	O
n	O
-	O
C16H34	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
chain	O
hydrocarbons	B-CHED
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
>	O
n	O
-	O
C20H42	B-CHED
).	O

The	O
vaccine	O
with	O
liquid	O
paraffin	O
mainly	O
composed	O
of	O
n	O
-	O
C16H34	O
-	O
n	O
-	O
C20H42	B-CHED
was	O
suggested	O
to	O
induce	O
fewer	O
adverse	O
reactions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
relevance	O
of	O
an	O
elevated	O
base	O
deficit	B-DISO
(	O
BD	O
)	O
during	O
the	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
of	O
a	O
thermally	O
injured	O
patient	O
is	O
not	O
completely	O
understood	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
BD	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
-	O
6	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
24	O
hours	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
BD	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
-	O
6	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
.	O
Despite	O
adequate	O
resuscitation	O
with	O
good	O
maintenance	O
of	O
urinary	O
output	O
,	O
the	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
BD	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
-	O
6	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
had	O
more	O
florid	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	O
response	O
syndrome	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
004	O
),	O
had	O
more	O
prevalent	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
012	O
),	O
and	O
experienced	O
more	O
severe	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
BD	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
-	O
6	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
abnormal	O
elevation	O
of	O
the	O
BD	O
after	O
burn	O
injuries	O
represents	O
a	O
malperfusion	O
state	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
recognized	O
if	O
only	O
""""	O
traditional	O
""""	O
parameters	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
UO	O
,	O
are	O
followed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
as	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
burn	O
injuries	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Sixteen	O
patients	O
had	O
minor	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
15	O
)	O
or	O
moderate	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
)	O
changes	O
on	O
a	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
.	O

One	O
patient	O
had	O
a	O
possible	O
delay	O
in	O
psychomotor	B-PROC
development	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
polypeptide	I-PRGE
coding	O
region	O
of	O
CT	O
/	O
7852	O
/	O
97	O
was	O
determined	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
published	O
sequences	O
of	O
12	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
from	O
North	O
America	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
Mexican	O
strains	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
isolated	O
during	O
1997	O
.	O

Viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
intermittent	O
.	O

Cattle	B-SPEC
remaining	O
negative	O
in	O
RBCV	O
isolation	O
tests	O
entered	O
this	O
epizootic	O
with	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
HE	O
and	O
S	O
.	O
Protection	O
against	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
was	O
apparently	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
opsonic	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
neutralizing	O
IgG2	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Structure	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
product	O
-	O
based	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
hepatitis	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
NS3	B-DISO
protease	I-PRGE
were	O
evaluated	O
using	O
an	O
in	O
vitro	O
assay	O
system	O
comprising	O
the	O
native	O
bifunctional	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
NS3	B-DISO
(	O
protease	O
-	O
helicase	O
/	O
NTPase	B-PRGE
).	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
helicase	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
upon	O
protease	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
binding	B-FUNC
is	O
substantial	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Implementation	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
strategy	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
improved	O
outcome	O
.	O

To	O
fulfil	O
this	O
approach	O
,	O
sedation	B-DISO
,	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
and	O
full	O
mechanical	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
are	O
often	O
used	O
in	O
critical	O
failure	O
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Impairment	B-DISO
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
function	O
has	O
been	O
documented	O
in	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
in	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
PNEU	O
);	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
underlying	O
mechanisms	O
are	O
not	O
completely	O
understood	O
.	O

As	O
compared	O
with	O
control	O
subjects	O
a	O
highly	O
significant	O
increase	O
of	O
gamma	O
min	O
from	O
near	O
zero	O
to	O
approximately	O
16	O
mN	O
/	O
m	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
and	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
inversely	O
correlated	O
to	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
palmitic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
in	O
PC	O
of	O
LSA	B-DISO
or	O
BALF	O
.	O

Rabbits	B-SPEC
were	O
infected	O
by	O
intraperitoneal	O
inoculation	O
of	O
fibrin	O
clots	B-DISO
containing	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
at	O
10	O
(	O
8	O
),	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
),	O
or	O
10	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
cfu	O
/	O
clot	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
was	O
most	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
D1466	O
strain	O
and	O
was	O
84	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
and	O
89	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
identity	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
with	O
a	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
test	O
and	O
by	O
immunohistochemical	O
demonstration	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
affected	O
tissues	B-ANAT
,	O
including	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
testicle	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
case	O
study	O
indicate	O
that	O
orchitis	B-DISO
,	O
although	O
rare	O
,	O
should	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
lesions	O
of	O
FIP	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
prototype	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
an	O
enveloped	O
,	O
RNA	O
-	O
containing	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
has	O
been	O
selected	O
in	O
vivo	O
for	O
extreme	O
neurovirulence	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
represent	O
a	O
major	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
mechanism	I-PROC
against	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Milk	O
from	O
these	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
contained	O
up	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
mg	O
of	O
recombinant	O
antibody	B-COMP
/	O
ml	O
.	O

The	O
following	O
laboratory	O
parameters	O
were	O
abnormal	O
:	O
sedimentation	O
rate	O
64	O
/	O
70	O
mmHg	O
,	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
462	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
CD4	B-PRGE
/	O
CD8	B-PRGE
ratio	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
CRP	B-PRGE
16	I-PRGE
mg	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
l	I-PRGE
,	O
antistreptolysin	O
titre	O
542	O
kU	O
/	O
l	O
,	O
complement	B-PRGE
C3	I-PRGE
<	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
g	O
/	O
l	O
,	O
GPT	B-FUNC
37	O
U	O
/	O
l	O
,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
49	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
%	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
globulin	I-PRGE
28	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
in	O
urine	B-ANAT
,	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
25	O
/	O
microliter	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
0	O
.	O
25	O
g	O
/	O
l	O
.	O

However	O
despite	O
successful	O
treatment	O
of	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
severe	O
relapses	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
skin	B-ANAT
lesions	O
and	O
the	O
systemic	O
manifestations	O
occurred	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
prototype	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
),	O
heterogeneous	B-PRGE
nuclear	I-PRGE
ribonucleoprotein	I-PRGE
(	O
hnRNP	B-ANAT
)	O
A1	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
in	O
vitro	O
to	O
the	O
negative	O
strand	O
of	O
the	O
intergenic	O
sequence	O
,	O
a	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
element	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
leader	O
RNA	O
and	O
preceding	O
each	O
downstream	O
ORF	O
in	O
the	O
genome	O
.	O

This	O
replacement	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
the	O
CTAAACTT	O
leader	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	O
site	O
and	O
ATG	O
start	O
codon	O
for	O
the	O
ORF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3A	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
but	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
the	O
ORF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3B	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
assay	O
is	O
extremely	O
high	O
,	O
detecting	O
as	O
little	O
as	O
25	O
50	O
%	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
infective	O
doses	O
per	O
g	O
of	O
unprocessed	O
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
clinical	O
trial	O
using	O
dogs	B-SPEC
challenged	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
CCV	B-DISO
SA4	O
and	O
CCV	B-DISO
NVSL	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
compare	O
viral	O
isolation	O
and	O
the	O
nPCR	O
assay	O
as	O
detection	O
techniques	O
over	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
week	O
period	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Cloning	O
and	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
nPCR	O
assay	O
product	O
enabled	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
relationships	O
between	O
strains	O
within	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
simple	O
and	O
rapid	O
procedure	O
described	O
here	O
makes	O
this	O
assay	O
an	O
ideal	O
alternative	O
technique	O
to	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
and	O
viral	O
isolation	O
in	O
cell	O
culture	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
CCV	B-DISO
shedding	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
single	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
change	O
within	O
antigenic	O
domain	O
II	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
confers	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
.	O

Conformational	O
neutralizing	O
epitopes	O
of	O
group	O
A	O
and	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
MAbs	O
)	O
have	O
previously	O
been	O
mapped	O
to	O
two	O
domains	O
at	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
351	O
to	O
403	O
(	O
domain	O
I	O
)	O
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
517	O
to	O
621	O
(	O
domain	O
II	O
).	O

A	O
substantial	O
rise	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
HAI	B-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
was	O
observed	O
during	O
the	O
initial	O
phase	O
among	O
the	O
sick	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
clinically	O
normal	O
cattle	O
which	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
RBCV	O
.	O

Specific	O
RNA	O
affinity	O
chromatography	O
also	O
has	O
revealed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
90	O
-	O
kDa	O
protein	O
associated	O
with	O
RNA	O
containing	O
the	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
element	O
bound	O
to	O
magnetic	O
beads	O
.	O

The	O
90	O
-	O
kDa	O
protein	B-CHED
has	O
been	O
purified	O
from	O
uninfected	O
mouse	B-ANAT
fibroblast	I-ANAT
crude	O
lysates	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
are	O
particularly	O
interesting	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
identification	O
of	O
an	O
RNA	O
target	O
for	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
aconitase	B-ENZY
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
cytoplasmic	B-PRGE
homolog	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
aconitase	B-ENZY
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
iron	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
recognized	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
undergoing	O
sham	O
H	O
/	O
R	O
(	O
cannulation	O
but	O
no	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
),	O
followed	O
5	O
days	O
later	O
by	O
EL	O
,	O
were	O
labeled	O
as	O
the	O
EL	O
group	O
;	O
and	O
mice	B-SPEC
undergoing	O
H	O
/	O
R	O
,	O
followed	O
5	O
days	O
later	O
by	O
an	O
EL	O
,	O
were	O
labeled	O
as	O
the	O
H	O
/	O
R	O
+	O
EL	O
,	O
or	O
two	O
-	O
hit	O
,	O
group	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
)	O
and	O
tumor	O
necrosis	O
factor	O
-	O
alpha	O
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
were	O
assayed	O
at	O
1	O
and	O
4	O
hours	O
after	O
the	O
injury	O
stimuli	O
.	O

Histologic	O
evaluation	O
lungs	B-ANAT
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
EL	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
change	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
after	O
24	O
hours	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
EL	O
alone	O
induces	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
whereas	O
two	O
-	O
hit	O
mice	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
exhibit	O
a	O
potentiated	O
response	O
.	O

Histologic	O
evaluation	O
lungs	B-ANAT
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
EL	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

IPC	B-CHED
were	O
almost	O
exclusively	O
detected	O
in	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
and	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
(	O
MLN	O
),	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
6	O
h	O
post	O
inoculation	O
(	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.),	O
with	O
a	O
peak	O
at	O
12	O
-	O
18	O
h	O
.	O
They	O
disappeared	O
by	O
24	O
h	O
.	O
IPC	B-CHED
were	O
localized	O
between	O
enterocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
epithelial	O
layer	B-ANAT
,	O
in	O
the	O
lamina	B-ANAT
propria	I-ANAT
,	O
around	O
the	O
Peyer	B-ANAT
'	I-ANAT
s	I-ANAT
patches	I-ANAT
and	O
,	O
at	O
highest	O
frequency	O
,	O
in	O
MLN	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Albumin	B-PRGE
and	O
artificial	O
colloids	O
in	O
fluid	O
management	O
:	O
where	O
does	O
the	O
clinical	O
evidence	O
of	O
their	O
utility	O
stand	O
?	O

The	O
cost	O
of	O
albumin	B-PRGE
,	O
nevertheless	O
,	O
limits	O
its	O
usage	O
.	O

Colloids	O
may	O
be	O
combined	O
with	O
crystalloids	O
to	O
obviate	O
administration	O
of	O
large	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
volumes	O
.	O

A	O
serological	O
survey	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CCV	B-DISO
among	O
different	O
dog	B-SPEC
populations	O
.	O

About	O
23	O
%	O
of	O
128	O
dogs	B-SPEC
positive	O
for	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
to	O
CCV	B-DISO
were	O
also	O
positive	O
for	O
IgM	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CCV	B-DISO
,	O
indicating	O
recent	O
CCV	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Antigens	B-CHED
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
corn	B-DISO
are	O
particularly	O
advantageous	O
since	O
the	O
seed	O
can	O
be	O
produced	O
in	O
vast	O
quantities	O
and	O
shipped	O
over	O
long	O
distances	O
at	O
ambient	O
temperature	O
,	O
potentially	O
allowing	O
global	O
vaccination	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
complications	O
is	O
very	O
common	O
among	O
the	O
patients	O
suffering	O
from	O
Plasmodium	B-DISO
falciparum	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
64	O
patients	O
of	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
falciprum	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
District	O
Hospital	O
,	O
Ukhrul	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
1st	O
May	O
1996	O
to	O
15th	O
June	O
1999	O
;	O
9	O
.	O
37	O
%	O
patients	O
do	O
not	O
develop	O
complication	B-DISO
while	O
the	O
rest	B-FUNC
90	O
.	O
63	O
%	O
developed	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
complications	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
neurotropic	O
strains	O
of	O
mouse	O
hepatitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
clear	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
;	O
nevertheless	O
,	O
viral	O
persistence	O
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
ongoing	O
primary	B-DISO
demyelination	I-DISO
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
induces	O
a	O
potent	O
regional	O
CD8	O
+	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
.	O

The	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
correlates	O
with	O
ex	O
vivo	O
cytolytic	O
activity	O
,	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
)	O
secretion	B-PROC
and	O
efficient	O
reduction	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
is	O
essential	O
for	O
controlling	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
enhance	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
survival	O
and	O
effectiveness	O
.	O

Clearance	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
gradual	O
decline	O
of	O
CNS	B-CHED
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
;	O
nevertheless	O
,	O
activated	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
retained	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
loss	O
of	O
cytolytic	O
activity	O
,	O
but	O
retention	B-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
gamma	I-PROC
secretion	B-ANAT
during	O
viral	O
clearance	O
suggests	O
stringent	O
regulation	O
of	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
effector	B-CHED
function	O
,	O
possibly	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
to	O
minimize	O
CNS	B-CHED
damage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Membrane	B-ANAT
topology	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
E	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
L	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
arginine	I-CHED
[	O
correction	O
of	O
F	O
-	O
arginine	B-CHED
]	O
and	O
phosphodiesterase	B-PROC
inhibitor	I-PROC
(	O
dipyridamole	B-CHED
)	O
to	O
wean	B-PROC
from	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
.	O

Clinical	O
and	O
pathological	O
investigations	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
broad	O
range	O
of	O
diagnoses	O
such	O
as	O
mastitis	B-DISO
,	O
abomasal	O
displacement	O
,	O
and	O
claw	B-ANAT
disorders	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
wasting	O
disease	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
distinct	O
entity	O
but	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
broad	O
range	O
of	O
diseases	O
in	O
which	O
acute	O
laminitis	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
the	O
original	O
problem	O
.	O

Nine	O
patients	O
recovered	O
successfully	O
;	O
one	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
soon	O
after	O
the	O
operation	O
.	O

The	O
technique	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
pathologic	O
extent	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
to	O
irrigate	O
and	O
drain	O
the	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
to	O
decompress	O
the	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
.	O

Almost	O
every	O
surgical	O
procedure	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
performed	O
laparoscopically	O
.	O

Eye	B-PRGE
injury	O
is	O
moderate	O
at	O
2	O
%	O
and	O
severe	O
at	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
5	O
%.	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
evidence	O
for	O
systemic	O
target	O
organ	B-ANAT
or	O
tissue	B-ANAT
toxicity	O
by	O
subchronic	O
repeated	O
exposure	O
by	O
any	O
route	O
.	O

Protection	O
of	O
individuals	O
from	O
the	O
potential	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
of	O
GA	O
exposure	O
requires	O
that	O
there	O
be	O
adequate	O
protection	O
of	O
the	O
skin	B-ANAT
,	O
eyes	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

Those	O
who	O
work	O
with	O
GA	O
should	O
,	O
through	O
a	O
training	O
program	O
,	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
GA	O
,	O
its	O
potential	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
,	O
how	O
to	O
handle	O
the	O
material	O
safely	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
accidental	O
situations	O
involving	O
GA	O
.	O

She	O
represents	O
the	O
first	O
patient	O
with	O
overlap	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
who	O
developed	O
an	O
acute	O
airway	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
cricoarytenoid	O
arthritis	B-DISO
.	O

Those	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
to	O
the	O
Gulf	O
were	O
found	O
disproportionately	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
in	O
three	O
clusters	B-CHED
with	O
high	O
mean	O
severity	O
scores	O
;	O
only	O
9	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
Gulf	O
respondents	O
were	O
in	O
these	O
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

Both	O
groups	O
of	O
patients	O
had	O
similar	O
age	O
,	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
(	O
APACHE	O
)	O
II	O
score	O
,	O
and	O
severity	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
are	O
less	O
frequently	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
after	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
highly	O
active	O
antiretroviral	O
therapy	O
with	O
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
in	O
1996	O
.	O

Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
tested	O
further	O
for	O
the	O
enterotoxin	O
genes	O
est	B-PRGE
-	O
Ia	O
and	O
elt	O
-	O
I	O
by	O
colony	O
blot	O
hybridization	B-PROC
.	O

Isospora	B-SPEC
suis	I-SPEC
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
26	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
and	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
in	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
piglets	O
investigated	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
66	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
I	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
suis	I-SPEC
in	O
62	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
20	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
and	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
in	O
8	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
farms	O
.	O

Cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
were	O
significantly	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
young	O
,	O
purebred	O
,	O
and	O
sexually	O
intact	O
males	O
and	O
significantly	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
spayed	O
females	O
and	O
discharged	O
alive	O
than	O
were	O
control	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
new	O
accessions	O
for	O
which	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
was	O
recorded	O
did	O
not	O
vary	O
significantly	O
among	O
years	O
,	O
months	O
,	O
or	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
interrelation	O
between	O
a	O
corona	B-CHED
-	O
like	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
A	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
hydrophila	I-SPEC
,	O
we	O
conducted	O
transmission	O
trials	O
by	O
cohabiting	O
naturally	O
diseased	O
carp	B-DISO
with	O
healthy	O
carp	B-DISO
with	O
skin	B-ANAT
that	O
had	O
been	O
slightly	O
damaged	O
artificially	O
.	O

Hemosiderin	B-DISO
deposition	I-DISO
occurred	O
within	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
and	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
within	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Baculovirus	B-SPEC
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
used	O
as	O
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
an	O
indirect	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
TCV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
DB2	O
calf	B-ANAT
strain	O
of	O
bovine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
inoculate	O
1	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
in	O
three	O
trials	O
.	O

Birds	B-SPEC
euthanatized	O
at	O
3	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
and	O
7	O
days	O
postinoculation	O
(	O
DPI	O
)	O
had	O
flaccid	O
,	O
pale	B-DISO
intestines	B-ANAT
with	O
watery	O
contents	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ceca	O
were	O
markedly	O
enlarged	O
with	O
frothy	O
contents	O
.	O

Hemagglutinating	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
in	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
convalescent	O
birds	B-SPEC
at	O
12	O
DPI	O
.	O

We	O
developed	O
a	O
restriction	O
fragment	O
length	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
analysis	O
that	O
can	O
differentiate	O
this	O
new	O
serotype	O
from	O
all	O
other	O
serotypes	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
also	O
showed	O
that	O
in	O
vivo	O
recombination	B-PROC
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
may	O
have	O
occurred	O
at	O
a	O
rather	O
high	O
frequency	O
,	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
diversity	O
of	O
these	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
.	O

Macrophages	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tracts	I-ANAT
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
or	O
IBDV	B-SPEC
plus	O
IBV	B-SPEC
efficiently	O
performed	O
in	O
vitro	O
phagocytosis	B-PROC
of	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
positive	O
-	O
control	O
serum	B-COMP
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
antiserum	O
produced	O
in	O
normal	O
chickens	B-SPEC
).	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
although	O
IBDV	B-SPEC
alone	O
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
markedly	O
reduce	O
opsonizing	O
ability	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
this	O
effect	O
is	O
significantly	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
exacerbated	O
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

By	O
immunoprecipitation	O
of	O
UV	O
-	O
cross	O
-	O
linked	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
have	O
identified	O
the	O
major	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
species	B-SPEC
as	O
heterogeneous	B-ANAT
nuclear	I-ANAT
ribonucleoprotein	I-ANAT
A1	O
(	O
hnRNP	B-ANAT
A1	O
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
hnRNP	B-ANAT
A1	O
and	O
PTB	B-PRGE
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
also	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
complementary	O
strands	O
at	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
,	O
together	O
mediate	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
RNP	B-COMP
complex	O
involving	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
and	O
3	O
'-	O
end	O
fragments	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sialodacryoadenitis	O
(	O
SDA	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	O
common	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
,	O
akin	O
to	O
mumps	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
thus	O
studied	O
seven	O
male	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
individual	O
MMPs	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
genetically	O
deficient	O
in	O
gelatinase	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
(	O
MMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
stromelysin	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
MMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
)	O
were	O
acutely	O
injured	O
with	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
immune	O
complexes	O
and	O
the	O
intensity	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
compared	O
with	O
genetically	O
identical	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
WT	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
normal	O
MMP	B-CHED
activities	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
WT	O
mice	B-SPEC
there	O
was	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
gelatinase	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
and	O
stromelysin	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
injured	O
lungs	B-ANAT
which	O
,	O
as	O
expected	O
,	O
was	O
absent	O
in	O
the	O
genetically	O
deficient	O
gelatinase	B-ENZY
B	I-ENZY
-	O
and	O
stromelysin	B-ENZY
1	I-ENZY
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Ten	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
studied	O
in	O
a	O
crossover	O
study	O
design	O
,	O
within	O
72	O
hours	O
after	O
starting	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

We	O
studied	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
ANP	B-PRGE
infusion	O
(	O
10	O
ng	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
min	O
for	O
1	O
hour	O
)	O
and	O
of	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
NO	O
(	O
20	O
ppm	O
for	O
1	O
hour	O
)	O
on	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	O
patient	O
parameters	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
effects	O
on	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
ANP	B-PRGE
,	O
guanosine	B-CHED
3	I-CHED
',	I-CHED
5	I-CHED
'-	I-CHED
cyclic	I-CHED
monophosphate	I-CHED
,	O
nitrate	B-CHED
and	O
endothelin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	O

A	O
previously	O
normal	O
child	O
of	O
7	O
months	O
of	O
age	O
presented	O
an	O
acute	O
picture	O
of	O
status	B-DISO
epilepticus	I-DISO
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
problems	I-DISO
and	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
apnea	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
with	O
MR	O
studies	O
revealed	O
voluminous	O
subdural	B-ANAT
bilateral	O
hygroma	B-DISO
that	O
increased	O
the	O
size	O
along	O
the	O
following	O
six	O
months	O
,	O
despite	O
treatment	O
with	O
bilateral	O
subdural	B-ANAT
-	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
shunt	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
showed	O
infantile	B-DISO
spasms	I-DISO
.	O

Four	O
factors	O
independently	O
predicted	O
mortality	O
:	O
a	O
time	O
from	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
to	O
treatment	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
1	O
month	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
3	O
.	O
49	O
;	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
20	O
-	O
10	O
.	O
20	O
),	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
failures	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
3	O
.	O
15	O
;	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
76	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
76	O
),	O
a	O
serum	B-COMP
albumin	B-PRGE
level	O
above	O
20	O
g	O
/	O
l	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
3	O
.	O
96	O
;	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
04	O
-	O
15	O
.	O
10	O
),	O
and	O
a	O
larger	O
number	O
of	O
lobes	B-ANAT
involved	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
83	O
;	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
12	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
98	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Maternal	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
:	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
protection	O
against	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
development	O
of	O
active	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
to	O
vaccine	O
.	O

Subjects	O
underwent	O
repetitive	O
saline	O
lavage	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
uniform	O
degree	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
then	O
were	O
randomized	O
to	O
either	O
CMV	B-SPEC
or	O
were	O
converted	O
to	O
HFOV	O
.	O

Oxygenation	B-PROC
improvements	O
were	O
compared	O
between	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathophysiology	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
the	O
healthy	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
in	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
prone	O
position	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
reverse	O
of	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
inflation	O
and	O
ventilation	O
distribution	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
reverse	O
of	O
hydrostatic	O
pressure	O
overlying	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
reverse	O
of	O
heart	B-ANAT
weight	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
shape	O
and	O
mechanical	O
properties	O
.	O

From	O
a	O
clinical	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
prone	O
position	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
very	O
promising	O
treatment	O
for	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
even	O
if	O
its	O
use	O
is	O
not	O
yet	O
a	O
standard	O
clinical	O
practice	O
.	O

Sequencing	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
S	O
(	O
S1	O
portion	O
),	O
HE	O
,	O
ORF4	O
and	O
ORF5	O
genes	O
of	O
BCoV	O
isolates	O
associated	O
with	O
different	O
clinical	O
syndromes	O
indicated	O
that	O
neither	O
insertions	O
or	O
deletions	O
could	O
explain	O
their	O
distinct	O
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
ORF5	O
,	O
which	O
encodes	O
a	O
12	O
.	O
7	O
ns	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
9	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
kDa	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
highly	O
conserved	O
amongst	O
the	O
BCoV	O
field	O
isolates	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Experimental	O
reproduction	B-PROC
of	O
winter	B-DISO
dysentery	I-DISO
in	O
lactating	O
cows	B-SPEC
using	O
BCV	B-SPEC
--	O
comparison	O
with	O
BCV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
milk	O
-	O
fed	O
calves	O
.	O

Prolonged	O
IgM	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
responses	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
milk	O
,	O
while	O
those	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
were	O
much	O
shorter	O
.	O

The	O
cows	B-SPEC
showed	O
a	O
more	O
severe	O
general	O
diseases	O
than	O
seronegative	O
calves	O
infected	O
concurrently	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Based	O
on	O
general	O
SARs	B-DISO
previously	O
described	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
diarylsulfone	O
derivatives	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
2	O
-	O
amino	O
-	O
and	O
2	O
-	O
carboxamido	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
arylsulfonylthiophenes	O
has	O
been	O
prepared	O
and	O
evaluated	O
as	O
potential	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
antitumor	O
agents	O
.	O

Such	O
treatment	O
regimens	O
designed	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
heart	B-ANAT
can	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
often	O
lead	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
,	O
several	O
compounds	O
with	O
known	O
iron	B-PROC
chelating	I-PROC
properties	O
can	O
induce	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
and	O
injury	O
.	O

With	O
diazepam	B-CHED
anesthesia	B-DISO
,	O
Rint	O
,	O
L	O
decreased	O
linearly	O
,	O
with	O
increasing	O
PaCO2	O
,	O
from	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
.	O
s	O
.	O
l	O
(-	O
1	O
),	O
whereas	O
deltaR	O
,	O
L	O
decreased	O
from	O
2	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
.	O
s	O
.	O
l	O
(-	O
1	O
),	O
though	O
not	O
significantly	O
.	O

0	O
.	O
5	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
.	O
s	O
.	O
l	O
(-	O
1	O
))	O
was	O
not	O
significant	O
,	O
and	O
deltaRL	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
.	O

A	O
common	O
trait	O
of	O
these	O
positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
coterminal	O
nested	O
set	O
of	O
six	O
to	O
eight	O
leader	O
-	O
containing	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
which	O
are	O
generated	O
by	O
a	O
discontinuous	O
transcription	B-PROC
mechanism	O
and	O
from	O
which	O
the	O
viral	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
polymerase	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
are	O
expressed	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
When	O
to	O
suspect	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
monitor	O
babesiosis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
,	O
cases	O
of	O
babesiosis	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
reported	O
with	O
increasing	O
frequency	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
northeastern	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Factors	O
associated	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
disease	O
include	O
advanced	O
age	O
,	O
previous	O
splenectomy	O
and	O
immunodeficient	B-DISO
states	O
.	O

It	O
begins	O
as	O
noncardiogenic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
develops	O
into	O
a	O
neutrophilic	B-PROC
alveolitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
,	O
later	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

Interventions	O
that	O
reduce	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
enhance	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
fluid	O
removal	O
,	O
and	O
reduce	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
will	O
further	O
improve	O
survival	O
and	O
recovery	O
from	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
consistently	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
in	O
biologic	O
samples	O
from	O
adult	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
kittens	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
their	O
siblings	O
.	O

The	O
sire	O
was	O
determined	O
to	O
be	O
infected	O
with	O
both	O
variants	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
persistently	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Axonal	O
damage	O
is	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
mediated	O
and	O
occurs	O
concomitantly	O
with	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
a	O
neurotropic	O
coronavirus	O
.	O

Herein	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
axonal	O
damage	O
occurred	O
in	O
areas	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
and	O
also	O
in	O
adjacent	O
areas	O
devoid	O
of	O
myelin	B-COMP
damage	O
.	O

Immunodeficient	B-DISO
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
RAG1	B-PRGE
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
(	O
mice	B-SPEC
defective	O
in	O
recombinase	B-PRGE
activating	O
gene	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
)	O
do	O
not	O
develop	O
demyelination	B-DISO
unless	O
they	O
receive	O
splenocytes	O
from	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
previously	O
immunized	O
against	O
MHV	B-SPEC
(	O
G	O
.	O
F	O
.	O
Wu	O
,	O
A	O
.	O
Dandekar	O
,	O
L	O
.	O
Pewe	O
,	O
and	O
S	O
.	O
Perlman	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
Immunol	O
.	O

In	O
12	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
circulatory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
of	O
different	O
etiology	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
indication	O
criteria	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
venoarterial	O
EMCO	O
was	O
used	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
necropsy	O
confirmed	O
irreversible	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
was	O
also	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
eight	O
TCV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
originating	O
from	O
various	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
USA	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
amplified	O
by	O
the	O
primers	O
designed	O
from	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
an	O
acute	O
increase	O
in	O
PCO2	O
on	O
splanchnic	O
perfusion	O
and	O
metabolism	B-PROC
.	O

PCO2	O
was	O
increased	O
by	O
an	O
added	O
dead	B-PROC
space	O
;	O
after	O
60	O
min	O
all	O
measurements	O
were	O
repeated	O
;	O
after	O
return	O
to	O
baseline	O
a	O
third	O
measurement	O
followed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
a	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
for	O
monitoring	O
the	O
shedding	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pattern	O
of	O
shedding	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
was	O
established	O
in	O
155	O
naturally	O
infected	O
pet	O
cats	B-SPEC
from	O
29	O
households	O
over	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
up	O
to	O
five	O
years	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
and	O
canine	O
coronaviruses	O
are	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
basolateral	O
side	O
of	O
polarized	O
epithelial	O
LLC	O
-	O
PK1	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
feline	I-PRGE
aminopeptidase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
cDNA	I-PRGE
.	O

However	O
,	O
whereas	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
is	O
released	O
apically	O
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
and	O
canine	O
coronaviruses	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
basolateral	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Probable	O
role	O
of	O
gemcitabine	B-CHED
].	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
brief	O
mild	O
episodes	O
of	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
common	O
after	O
delivery	O
of	O
gemcitabin	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recent	O
epidemiological	O
status	O
of	O
canine	O
viral	O
enteric	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
Giardia	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

Although	O
canine	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
were	O
also	O
detected	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
diarrheal	O
cases	O
,	O
no	O
evidence	O
for	O
calicivirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
obtained	O
.	O

Addition	O
of	O
the	O
general	O
caspase	B-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
z	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
VAD	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
FMK	I-PRGE
to	O
the	O
culture	O
media	B-ANAT
showed	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
hallmarks	O
of	O
apoptosis	B-PROC
and	O
increase	O
of	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
the	O
culture	O
media	B-ANAT
at	O
16	O
h	O
postinfection	O
.	O

These	O
putative	O
replication	O
complexes	O
are	O
composed	O
of	O
intimately	O
associated	O
but	O
biochemically	O
distinct	O
membrane	B-COMP
populations	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
contains	O
proteins	B-CHED
processed	O
from	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
(	O
gene	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
polyprotein	O
.	O

The	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
under	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
vaccinia	B-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
P7	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
chicken	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
fibroblast	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
cultures	O
as	O
seen	O
in	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
and	O
in	O
rFPV	O
-	O
inoculated	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
chickens	B-SPEC
by	O
detecting	O
antibodies	B-COMP
with	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
).	O

When	O
the	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Ch3	B-CHED
or	O
Ch5	O
,	O
the	O
control	O
birds	O
had	O
respiratory	O
signs	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
all	O
the	O
vaccinated	O
birds	B-SPEC
were	O
clinically	O
normal	O
although	O
low	O
levels	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
were	O
detected	O
by	O
a	O
differential	O
ELISA	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
119	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
FPV	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
protective	O
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
may	O
induce	O
cross	O
-	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
against	O
illness	O
among	O
some	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
compared	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
recognition	O
site	O
of	O
55	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
recognition	O
site	O
sequence	O
,	O
which	O
consists	O
of	O
five	O
basic	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
,	O
correlates	O
with	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
range	O
,	O
serotype	O
,	O
geographic	O
origin	O
,	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
as	O
it	O
does	O
in	O
orthomyxoviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
paramyxoviruses	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
determined	O
that	O
cleavage	B-PROC
recognition	O
site	O
sequence	O
does	O
not	O
correlate	O
with	O
pathogenicity	O
because	O
attenuated	O
and	O
pathogenic	O
isolates	O
(	O
different	O
passages	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
virus	O
)	O
contain	O
identical	O
cleavage	B-PROC
recognition	O
site	O
sequences	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
studied	O
28	O
patients	O
,	O
17	O
admitted	O
in	O
our	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
-	O
patients	O
)	O
and	O
treated	O
by	O
continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
(	O
particularly	O
by	O
continuous	O
venovenous	O
hemofiltration	O
,	O
continuous	O
venovenous	O
hemodialysis	O
and	O
continuous	O
venovenous	O
hemodiafiltration	O
)	O
and	O
11	O
admitted	O
in	O
our	O
Nephrology	O
Department	O
(	O
NICU	O
-	O
patients	O
)	O
and	O
treated	O
by	O
high	O
-	O
efficiency	O
daily	O
hemodialysis	O
.	O

Before	O
starting	O
the	O
dialytic	O
treatment	O
,	O
in	O
ICU	O
-	O
patients	O
CPK	O
plasma	B-ANAT
level	O
was	O
2615	O
+/-	O

ICU	O
-	O
patients	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
50	O
%	O
(	O
8	O
/	O
16	O
patients	O
)	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
good	O
recovery	O
of	O
renal	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
the	O
biochemical	O
RML	O
indexes	O
improvement	O
.	O

In	O
NICU	O
-	O
patients	O
,	O
instead	O
,	O
only	O
one	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
for	O
septic	O
complications	O
(	O
he	O
was	O
a	O
heroin	B-CHED
-	O
addict	O
and	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
overdose	O
syndrome	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
reviewed	O
the	O
frequency	O
and	O
mortality	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
our	O
population	O
of	O
patients	O
submitted	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
resection	O
for	O
primary	O
bronchogenic	B-DISO
carcinoma	I-DISO
.	O

Associated	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
risk	O
factors	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
eight	O
patients	O
.	O

ALI	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
10	O
patients	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
17	O
patients	O
.	O

(	O
4	O
)	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
may	O
also	O
occur	O
after	O
sublobar	O
resections	O
with	O
an	O
associated	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Neonatal	O
arteriovenous	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
:	O
report	O
of	O
a	O
case	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Limb	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
thrombosis	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
severe	O
,	O
rare	O
entity	O
,	O
often	O
needing	O
invasive	O
surgery	O
and	O
sometimes	O
leading	O
to	O
loss	O
of	O
function	O
.	O

The	O
baby	O
,	O
a	O
female	O
infant	O
,	O
was	O
born	O
at	O
34	O
weeks	O
from	O
a	O
mother	O
affected	O
by	O
gestational	B-DISO
diabetes	I-DISO
.	O

Electron	O
microscopy	O
of	O
the	O
feces	B-ANAT
demonstrated	O
corona	B-CHED
-	O
like	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
effects	O
.	O

Despite	O
initial	O
improvement	O
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
NIPSV	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARF	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
severe	O
CAP	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
intubation	O
rate	O
is	O
high	O
.	O

The	O
PL1pro	O
-	O
mediated	O
cleavage	B-PROC
was	O
slow	O
and	O
significantly	O
suppressed	O
by	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
activity	O
of	O
PL2pro	O
.	O

A	O
large	O
subset	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
may	O
employ	O
two	O
proteases	O
to	O
cleave	O
the	O
same	O
site	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
and	O
thus	O
regulate	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
in	O
a	O
unique	O
way	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surfactant	B-CHED
and	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
alleviate	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
induced	O
by	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
ischemia	I-DISO
and	O
reperfusion	O
.	O

The	O
authors	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
a	O
combined	O
surfactant	B-CHED
and	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
iNO	O
)	O
may	O
alleviate	O
I	O
/	O
R	O
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
.	O

The	O
Surf	O
,	O
NO	O
,	O
and	O
SNO	B-FUNC
groups	O
had	O
higher	O
V	O
(	O
V	O
)	O
and	O
lower	O
CV	O
(	O
V	O
(	O
V	O
))	O
values	O
than	O
the	O
P	O
-	O
Control	O
,	O
but	O
modest	O
decrease	O
of	O
W	O
/	O
D	O
values	O
.	O

),	O
intranasal	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
n	O
.),	O
intraperitoneal	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
p	O
.),	O
subcutaneous	O
(	O
s	O
.	O
c	O
.),	O
intravenous	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
v	O
.)	O
and	O
oral	B-ANAT
routes	O
with	O
graded	O
doses	O
.	O

The	O
virus	O
was	O
first	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
on	O
day	O
1	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
on	O
day	O
2	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enteric	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
toroviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
infect	O
enterocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
both	O
S	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
envelope	I-COMP
must	O
resist	O
degradation	O
by	O
proteases	O
,	O
low	O
and	O
high	O
pH	O
,	O
and	O
bile	B-CHED
salts	I-CHED
.	O

19	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
one	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
criteria	O
:	O
Pao2	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
65	O
mm	O
Hg	O
with	O
Fio2	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
,	O
or	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
35	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
test	O
this	O
hypothesis	O
,	O
12	O
plastic	O
shipping	O
boxes	O
with	O
filters	O
and	O
tight	O
-	O
fitting	B-DISO
lids	O
and	O
six	O
cardboard	O
shipping	O
boxes	O
without	O
filters	O
(	O
controls	O
)	O
were	O
each	O
stocked	O
with	O
adult	O
,	O
adventitious	O
disease	O
-	O
free	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
type	O
of	O
filtered	O
shipping	O
container	O
protects	O
mice	B-SPEC
from	O
a	O
field	O
challenge	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

Nine	O
deaths	B-PROC
occurred	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
30	O
days	O
after	O
transplantation	O
among	O
117	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
123	O
isolated	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
operations	O
.	O

The	O
infrequently	O
used	O
canonical	O
sequence	O
,	O
by	O
computer	O
prediction	O
,	O
is	O
buried	O
within	O
the	O
stem	B-ANAT
of	O
a	O
stable	O
hairpin	O
(-	O
17	O
.	O
2	O
kcal	O
/	O
mol	O
).	O

We	O
learned	B-PROC
that	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
mutations	O
that	O
were	O
predicted	O
to	O
unfold	O
the	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
in	O
various	O
ways	O
did	O
not	O
switch	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
crossover	O
to	O
the	O
upstream	O
canonical	O
site	O
,	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
a	O
totally	O
nonconforming	O
downstream	O
motif	O
resulted	O
in	O
no	O
measurable	O
transcription	B-PROC
from	O
either	O
site	O
,	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
the	O
canonical	O
upstream	O
site	O
does	O
not	O
function	O
ectopically	O
to	O
lend	O
competence	O
to	O
the	O
downstream	O
noncanonical	O
site	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
iv	O
)	O
altering	O
flanking	O
sequences	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
downstream	O
noncanonical	O
motif	O
in	O
ways	O
that	O
diminish	O
sequence	O
similarity	O
with	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
5	O
'	O
end	O
caused	O
a	O
dramatic	O
switch	O
to	O
the	O
upstream	O
canonical	O
site	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
Ab	O
,	O
limited	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
and	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
in	O
muMT	O
mice	B-SPEC
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
ultimate	O
loss	O
of	O
control	O
of	O
CNS	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

FeLV	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
detected	O
by	O
immunohistology	O
for	O
gp70	B-PRGE
,	O
p27	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
p15E	O
.	O

L	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Selectin	I-PRGE
levels	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
between	O
survivors	O
and	O
nonsurvivors	O
.	O

Five	O
patients	O
progressed	O
to	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
whereas	O
11	O
patients	O
developed	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Seventy	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
age	O
of	O
35	O
.	O
51	O
years	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
10	O
-	O
87	O
years	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
mean	O
ISS	B-DISO
score	O
of	O
36	O
.	O
61	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
31	O
.	O
08	O
-	O
42	O
.	O
14	O
)	O
entered	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

in	O
this	O
indication	O
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
if	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
risk	O
of	O
acute	O
rejection	O
and	O
a	O
high	O
rate	O
cancer	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
upper	O
respiratory	O
and	O
digestive	B-ANAT
tracts	I-ANAT
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
alcoholic	I-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
severe	O
disease	O
,	O
fatal	O
in	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
resistant	O
tot	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
after	O
prolonged	O
hyperbaric	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
toxicity	O
?].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Management	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
typically	O
requires	O
ventilatory	O
assistance	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
these	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
useful	O
for	O
boosting	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
neutralizing	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
,	O
which	O
by	O
itself	O
was	O
ineffective	O
.	O

Upon	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
pathology	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
may	O
be	O
withdrawn	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Angioedema	B-DISO
without	O
urticaria	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
clinical	O
syndrome	O
characterised	O
by	O
self	O
-	O
limiting	O
local	O
swellings	B-DISO
involving	O
the	O
deeper	O
cutaneous	O
and	O
mucosa	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
layers	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
do	O
not	O
respond	O
to	O
antihistamine	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

Such	O
cases	O
tend	O
to	O
occur	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
deficiency	O
or	O
dysfunction	O
of	O
the	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
first	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
complement	O
(	O
C1	O
-	O
INH	O
),	O
but	O
more	O
rarely	O
can	O
occur	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
other	O
conditions	O
and	O
as	O
an	O
adverse	O
drug	O
reaction	O
.	O

Scattered	O
reports	O
suggest	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
angioedema	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
estrogens	B-CHED
,	O
antihypertensive	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
other	O
than	O
ACE	B-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
psychotropic	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
.	O

Calves	O
at	O
2	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
feedlots	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
753	O
)	O
received	O
a	O
modified	O
live	O
4	O
-	O
way	O
viral	O
vaccine	O
containing	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Based	O
on	O
our	O
findings	O
we	O
infer	O
that	O
BCV	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
causally	O
related	O
to	O
UBRD	O
occurrence	O
,	O
however	O
consistent	O
with	O
other	O
literature	O
,	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
causally	O
related	O
to	O
UBRD	O
occurrence	O
.	O

The	O
vaccine	O
field	O
trial	O
involved	O
systematic	O
allocation	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
into	O
groups	O
that	O
received	O
either	O
a	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
haemolytica	I-SPEC
vaccine	O
,	O
an	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
somnus	I-SPEC
vaccine	O
,	O
a	O
combined	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
haemolytica	I-SPEC
and	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
somnus	I-SPEC
vaccine	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
unvaccinated	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
TCID50	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
TCID50	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
can	O
be	O
detected	O
by	O
this	O
molecular	O
method	O
using	O
the	O
original	O
method	O
.	O

Detection	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
in	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
is	O
possible	O
using	O
this	O
method	O
:	O
348	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
(	O
202	O
sputum	B-ANAT
and	O
146	O
nasal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
)	O
were	O
tested	O
with	O
this	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
-	O
hybridization	B-PROC
and	O
12	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
are	O
detected	O
(	O
3	O
%).	O

We	O
obtained	O
one	O
line	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
in	O
which	O
the	O
insert	O
in	O
the	O
Ceacam1a	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
had	O
sustained	O
a	O
recombination	B-PROC
event	O
.	O

+/	O
p	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
intermediate	O
between	O
+/+	O
and	O
p	O
/	O
p	O
mice	B-SPEC
in	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
liver	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
growth	B-PROC
in	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
killing	O
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

Outcomes	O
included	O
maximum	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
,	O
ventilator	O
days	O
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Survivors	O
of	O
PEMS	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
a	O
research	O
flock	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
purposefully	O
infected	O
at	O
5	O
d	O
of	O
age	O
with	O
PEMS	O
inoculum	O
that	O
included	O
turkey	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
digestive	B-PROC
capabilities	O
of	O
PEMS	O
survivors	O
were	O
depressed	O
proportionally	O
to	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
stunting	O
.	O

At	O
all	O
times	O
after	O
bacterial	O
challenges	O
,	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
lpr	O
mice	B-SPEC
contained	O
similar	O
or	O
lower	O
numbers	O
of	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
than	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
response	O
to	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	O
the	O
lpr	O
mice	B-SPEC
had	O
significantly	O
more	O
polymorphonuclear	B-ANAT
leukocytes	I-ANAT
(	O
PMN	B-PROC
)	O
and	O
macrophage	B-PRGE
inflammatory	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
2	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
whereas	O
histopathologic	O
changes	O
were	O
less	O
severe	O
.	O

To	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
molecular	O
basis	O
of	O
neurotropism	B-DISO
of	O
MHVs	O
,	O
we	O
compared	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Twenty	O
-	O
five	O
Ayrshire	O
/	O
Friesian	O
cows	B-SPEC
were	O
vaccinated	O
once	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
combined	O
vaccine	O
against	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
F5	O
(	O
K99	O
)	O
or	O
given	O
a	O
saline	O
placebo	O
31	O
days	O
before	O
the	O
first	O
expected	O
calving	O
date	O
.	O

ACP	B-DISO
was	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
ratio	O
of	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
end	O
-	O
diastolic	O
area	O
to	O
left	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
end	O
-	O
diastolic	O
area	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
axis	B-SPEC
>	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
associated	O
with	O
septal	O
dyskinesia	O
in	O
the	O
short	O
axis	B-SPEC
during	O
TEE	O
examination	O
.	O

All	O
echo	B-SPEC
-	O
Doppler	O
abnormalities	O
were	O
reversible	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
recovered	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
the	O
same	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
(	O
32	O
%).	O

Eighteen	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Data	O
were	O
collected	O
immediately	O
before	O
and	O
6	O
,	O
12	O
,	O
18	O
,	O
and	O
24	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
onset	O
of	O
fat	O
infusion	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
sepsis	B-DISO
group	O
,	O
the	O
P	O
/	O
T	O
ratio	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
at	O
either	O
infusion	O
rate	O
,	O
but	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
shunt	O
fraction	O
and	O
P	O
(	O
a	O
-	O
a	O
)	O
o2	O
/	O
Pao2	O
decreased	O
after	O
rapid	O
fat	O
infusion	O
,	O
whereas	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio2	O
increased	O
.	O

In	O
involves	O
earlier	O
(	O
the	O
first	O
days	O
following	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
)	O
use	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
,	O
its	O
combined	O
bolus	O
intratracheal	O
or	O
intrabronchial	O
administration	O
in	O
doses	O
of	O
200	O
-	O
400	O
mg	O
/	O
m2	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
continuous	O
(	O
5	O
-	O
day	O
)	O
aerosol	O
inhalation	B-PROC
in	O
doses	O
of	O
20	O
-	O
30	O
mg	O
/	O
h	O
for	O
children	O
and	O
30	O
-	O
75	O
mg	O
/	O
h	O
for	O
adults	O
until	O
pronounced	O
clinical	O
and	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
effects	O
are	O
shown	O
.	O

Earlier	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
drugs	O
made	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
transfer	O
patients	O
to	O
safe	O
AV	O
regimens	O
and	O
to	O
eliminate	O
ALL	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
rapidly	O
and	O
to	O
significantly	O
reduce	O
mortality	O
due	O
to	O
critical	O
states	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Episodic	O
wheezing	O
associated	O
with	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
(	O
URT	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
problem	O
in	O
young	O
children	O
but	O
also	O
occurs	O
in	O
adults	O
.	O

Pralidoxime	B-CHED
could	O
not	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
16	O
patients	O
:	O
2	O
patients	O
did	O
not	O
receive	O
pralidoxime	B-CHED
because	O
they	O
were	O
late	O
admissions	O
and	O
14	O
did	O
not	O
receive	O
pralidoxime	B-CHED
because	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
office	O
was	O
out	O
of	O
stock	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
most	O
troublesome	O
complication	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
35	O
(	O
74	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

OP	O
insecticide	B-CHED
poisoning	O
is	O
a	O
serious	O
condition	B-DISO
that	O
needs	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
.	O

Paralytic	O
use	O
and	O
sedative	B-CHED
use	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
with	O
APRV	O
than	O
with	O
PCV	B-CHED
.	O

Urine	B-ANAT
output	O
increased	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
83	O
+/-	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
variability	O
in	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
gene	O
encoding	O
for	O
the	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
M	O
of	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CCV	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
described	O
.	O

Four	O
PCR	O
assays	O
with	O
primers	O
specific	O
for	O
N	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
strain	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
three	O
PCR	O
assays	O
with	O
primers	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
strain	O
OC43	O
were	O
performed	O
.	O

The	O
model	O
is	O
relevant	O
for	O
many	O
classes	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
where	O
sporadic	O
epidemics	O
occur	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
powerful	O
tool	O
for	O
investigating	O
the	O
costs	O
,	O
benefits	O
,	O
and	O
risks	O
associated	O
with	O
breeding	B-PROC
for	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
specific	O
diseases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Significance	O
of	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
pressure	O
-	O
volume	O
curve	O
during	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
;	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
;	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Murine	O
coronavirus	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
produces	O
a	O
genome	O
-	O
length	O
mRNA	B-CHED
,	O
mRNA	B-CHED
1	O
,	O
and	O
six	O
or	O
seven	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
M	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
mRNA	B-CHED
1	O
interaction	O
most	O
probably	O
determines	O
the	O
selective	O
packaging	O
of	O
mRNA	B-CHED
1	O
into	O
MHV	B-SPEC
particles	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
tested	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
the	O
selective	O
M	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
mRNA	B-CHED
1	O
interaction	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
packaging	O
signal	O
in	O
mRNA	B-CHED
1	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
RNA	O
that	O
interacted	O
selectively	O
with	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
efficiently	O
packaged	O
into	O
MHV	B-SPEC
particles	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Localization	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
nucleolus	B-COMP
is	O
a	O
common	O
feature	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleoproteins	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
may	O
disrupt	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
division	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
that	O
approximately	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
transfected	O
with	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
undergoing	O
cell	B-PROC
division	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
a	O
fraction	O
of	O
transfected	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
observed	O
multinucleate	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
dividing	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
nucleoli	O
(	O
which	O
are	O
only	O
present	O
during	O
interphase	B-PROC
).	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
illness	O
,	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
or	O
disabilities	O
.	O

To	O
explore	O
the	O
events	O
which	O
couple	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
recent	O
studies	O
have	O
been	O
performed	O
in	O
the	O
author	O
'	O
s	O
laboratory	O
using	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
experimental	O
models	O
and	O
interventions	O
including	O
gene	O
-	O
targeted	B-PROC
deletion	O
of	O
chemokines	O
,	O
cytokines	O
,	O
specific	O
receptors	O
,	O
and	O
adhesion	B-DISO
molecules	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
infected	O
CCR5	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
reduced	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
)	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
(	O
CD45	B-PRGE
(	O
high	O
)	O
F4	O
/	O
80	O
(+))	O
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
correlated	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
compared	O
to	O
CCR5	B-PRGE
(+/+)	I-PRGE
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Twelve	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
in	O
a	O
1	O
,	O
100	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
primary	O
care	O
university	O
hospital	O
.	O

A	O
significant	O
correlation	O
for	O
PCT	B-DISO
serum	B-COMP
and	O
BAL	B-ENZY
levels	O
was	O
found	O
on	O
day	O
2	O
(	O
p	O
=.	O
0063	O
).	O

From	O
1988	O
to	O
1999	O
,	O
104	O
fillet	O
flap	B-ANAT
procedures	O
were	O
performed	O
on	O
94	O
patients	O
(	O
50	O
pedicled	O
finger	B-ANAT
and	O
toe	B-ANAT
fillets	O
,	O
36	O
pedicled	O
limb	B-ANAT
fillets	O
,	O
and	O
18	O
free	O
microsurgical	O
fillet	O
flaps	B-ANAT
).	O

In	O
five	O
cases	O
,	O
defects	O
of	O
shoulder	B-ANAT
,	O
head	B-ANAT
,	O
neck	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
thoracic	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
were	O
covered	O
with	O
upper	O
-	O
arm	B-ANAT
fillet	O
flaps	B-ANAT
.	O

One	O
partial	O
flap	B-ANAT
necrosis	B-PROC
occurred	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
a	O
fillet	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
sole	B-ANAT
flap	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
our	O
cases	O
resulted	O
from	O
severe	O
trauma	O
with	O
infected	O
and	O
necrotic	B-PROC
soft	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
,	O
disseminated	O
tumor	B-DISO
disease	O
,	O
or	O
ulcers	B-DISO
in	O
elderly	O
,	O
multimorbid	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Toxic	B-DISO
epidermal	I-DISO
necrolysis	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
intravenous	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
immunoglobulins	O
:	O
our	O
experience	O
.	O

Three	O
new	O
potential	O
sequence	O
motifs	O
with	O
homology	O
to	O
the	O
alpha	O
-	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
polymerase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
phosphoprotein	I-PRGE
of	O
rinderpest	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
the	O
Bowman	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Birk	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
metallothionein	B-PRGE
superfamily	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
cysteine	B-CHED
rich	I-PRGE
chelating	B-PROC
proteins	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
identified	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Aminopeptidase	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
(	O
APN	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
150	O
-	O
kDa	O
metalloprotease	B-PRGE
also	O
called	O
CD13	B-PRGE
,	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
serologically	O
related	O
coronaviruses	O
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
(	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
[	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
]),	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Mutant	B-DISO
hAPN	O
lacking	O
the	O
sequon	O
at	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
818	O
to	O
820	O
maintained	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
receptor	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
but	O
did	O
not	O
gain	O
receptor	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
or	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
concurrent	O
shedding	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
via	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
enteric	O
route	O
in	O
feedlot	O
cattle	O
.	O

Paired	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
specimens	O
were	O
obtained	O
and	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
BCV	B-SPEC
,	O
using	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
capture	O
ELISA	O
.	O

Number	O
of	O
samples	O
positive	O
for	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BRCV	O
)	O
or	O
bovine	B-SPEC
enteric	O
coro	O
navirus	O
(	O
BECV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
37	O
/	O
224	O
(	O
17	O
%)	O
and	O
48	O
/	O
223	O
(	O
22	O
%),	O
respectively	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
anti	O
-	O
CXCL10	O
reduced	O
CD4	B-ANAT
+	I-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
and	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
invasion	B-DISO
,	O
diminished	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
and	O
CC	O
chemokine	O
ligand	B-PROC
5	O
,	O
inhibited	O
progression	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
increased	O
remyelination	B-PROC
.	O

Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CXCL10	I-PRGE
treatment	O
also	O
resulted	O
in	O
an	O
impediment	O
of	O
clinical	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
that	O
was	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
dramatic	O
improvement	O
in	O
neurological	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
SIRS	B-DISO
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
are	O
exposed	O
to	O
severe	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
.	O

Two	O
other	O
studies	O
,	O
where	O
selenium	B-CHED
together	O
with	O
other	O
trace	O
elements	O
or	O
a	O
mixture	B-CHED
of	O
antioxidants	B-CHED
were	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
burn	O
injuries	O
or	O
trauma	O
showed	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
secondary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
rate	O
,	O
including	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
six	O
patients	O
showed	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
substantial	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
HFOV	O
,	O
with	O
significant	O
improvements	O
in	O
the	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
and	O
OI	O
by	O
12	O
hours	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

When	O
unavoidable	O
,	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
induced	O
slowly	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
do	O
not	O
fully	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
acute	O
PRRS	B-DISO
is	O
due	O
to	O
reversion	O
of	O
MLVs	O
to	O
a	O
pathogenic	O
phenotype	O
,	O
as	O
only	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
eight	O
acute	O
isolates	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
RespPRRS	O
MLV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prolonged	O
nasal	B-ANAT
eosinophilia	B-DISO
in	O
allergic	O
patients	O
after	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lymphatic	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
(	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
,	O
thymus	B-SPEC
)	O
from	O
24	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
spontaneous	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
examined	O
by	O
light	O
microscopy	O
and	O
immunohistochemistry	O
for	O
cellularity	O
,	O
cellular	B-COMP
composition	O
,	O
and	O
degree	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
turnover	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
granulomatous	B-DISO
lesions	I-DISO
in	O
lymphatic	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
was	O
examined	O
.	O

For	O
comparison	O
,	O
tissues	B-ANAT
from	O
14	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
seven	O
cats	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
;	O
as	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
exposure	O
)	O
but	O
free	O
from	O
FIP	B-DISO
were	O
examined	O
.	O

In	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
apoptotic	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
was	O
increased	O
in	O
lymphoid	O
follicles	B-ANAT
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
zones	O
.	O

PCP	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
by	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
BALF	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
treated	O
with	O
intravenously	O
administered	O
trimethoprim	B-CHED
-	O
sulphamethoxazole	O
(	O
TMP	B-CHED
-	O
SMX	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
determinant	O
of	O
neurovirulence	O
.	O

To	O
identify	O
the	O
genetic	O
determinants	O
of	O
neurovirulence	O
within	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
4	O
spike	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
isogenic	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
containing	O
various	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
4	O
/	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
chimeric	O
spike	O
genes	O
,	O
and	O
studied	O
their	O
phenotypes	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

The	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
4	O
/	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
chimeric	O
spike	O
genes	O
consisted	O
of	O
either	O
reciprocal	O
exchanges	O
between	O
the	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
spike	O
subunits	O
,	O
or	O
smaller	O
exchanges	O
specifically	O
in	O
the	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
(	O
HVR	O
)	O
of	O
S1	O
.	O

The	O
mucus	B-ANAT
membranes	B-ANAT
are	O
not	O
involved	O
.	O

Severe	O
extensive	O
forms	O
have	O
been	O
observed	O
particularly	O
in	O
neonates	O
(	O
Ritter	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
).	O

Bacteremia	B-DISO
is	O
usual	O
.	O

Staphylococcal	O
scarlet	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
is	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
exfoliatin	O
as	O
previously	O
believed	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
enterotoxins	O
or	O
TSST	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
abortive	O
form	O
of	O
toxic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
disease	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
or	O
colonisation	O
with	O
a	O
toxin	O
(	O
TSST	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
)	O
producing	O
strain	O
of	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
is	O
low	O
(	O
5	O
%)	O
and	O
mainly	O
due	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
or	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
problems	O
.	O

Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
strains	O
producing	O
the	O
Panton	O
and	O
Valentine	O
leucocidin	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
chronic	O
or	O
relapsing	O
furonculosis	O
and	O
above	O
all	O
for	O
a	O
very	O
severe	O
necrotizing	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
observed	O
in	O
children	O
and	O
young	O
adults	O
presenting	O
as	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
leucopenia	B-DISO
,	O
hemoptysis	B-DISO
and	O
shock	O
carrying	O
a	O
heavy	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
neurons	B-ANAT
have	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
present	O
antigen	B-CHED
to	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
thus	O
be	O
damaged	O
by	O
direct	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
interactions	O
with	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Intraocular	B-ANAT
coronavirus	B-SPEC
inoculation	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
biphasic	O
retinal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
susceptible	O
mice	B-SPEC
(	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
)	O
characterized	O
by	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
,	O
followed	O
by	O
retinal	B-DISO
degeneration	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
reactivity	O
.	O

A	O
female	O
patient	O
that	O
since	O
9	O
months	O
age	O
presented	O
digestive	B-PROC
symptoms	O
:	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
nauseous	B-DISO
,	O
vomits	B-DISO
,	O
slow	O
digestions	B-PROC
and	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
.	O

She	O
had	O
myopia	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
dysmotility	B-DISO
manifestations	O
and	O
jejunal	B-ANAT
and	O
ileal	B-ANAT
diverticula	B-DISO
neuropathies	B-DISO
and	O
myopathies	B-DISO
with	O
visceral	O
affection	O
must	O
be	O
suspected	O
,	O
among	O
them	O
MNGIE	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
noticed	O
a	O
recent	O
rise	O
in	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
acute	O
renal	O
failure	O
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

No	O
response	O
was	O
seen	O
to	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
and	O
artesunate	B-CHED
given	O
alone	O
and	O
twenty	O
patients	O
required	O
quinine	B-CHED
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
ARF	B-DISO
necessitating	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
was	O
seen	O
in	O
92	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARF	B-DISO
in	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lack	O
of	O
CCR2	B-PRGE
results	O
in	O
increased	O
mortality	O
and	O
impaired	B-DISO
leukocyte	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
and	O
trafficking	B-PROC
following	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
with	O
a	O
neurotropic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Drug	B-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
growing	O
problem	O
in	O
industrialized	O
countries	O
,	O
opening	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
new	O
diseases	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
.	O

Cocaine	B-CHED
,	O
amphetamines	B-CHED
or	O
crack	O
expose	O
the	O
patient	O
to	O
particular	O
toxic	O
effects	O
:	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
barotrauma	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
administration	O
route	O
,	O
syndromes	B-DISO
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
described	O
.	O

These	O
result	O
either	O
from	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
reactions	O
,	O
asthma	B-PATH
exacerbation	O
or	O
eosinophil	B-ANAT
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
involvement	O
:	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
or	O
organized	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
opiates	B-DISO
,	O
often	O
used	O
in	O
injections	O
,	O
are	O
related	O
to	O
central	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
hypoventilation	I-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
injury	O
from	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
or	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
2000	O
,	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
HFMD	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
deaths	B-PROC
of	O
three	O
children	O
who	O
had	O
rapid	O
cardio	O
-	O
respiratory	O
decompensation	O
and	O
one	O
child	O
who	O
survived	O
a	O
central	B-DISO
nervous	I-DISO
system	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Echovirus	B-SPEC
7	O
was	O
the	O
sole	B-ANAT
pathogen	O
isolated	O
from	O
three	O
cases	O
of	O
acute	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
,	O
two	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
fatal	O
due	O
to	O
severe	O
left	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
resistant	O
to	O
inotropic	O
support	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
surviving	O
mitral	O
cells	B-COMP
apparently	O
remain	O
disconnected	O
from	O
the	O
sensory	B-ANAT
neuron	I-ANAT
input	O
to	O
the	O
glomerular	B-ANAT
layer	B-ANAT
,	O
judging	O
from	O
retrograde	O
labeling	O
studies	O
using	O
Dil	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
present	O
study	O
assessed	O
the	O
functional	O
consequences	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
neurotropic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
designated	O
MHV	B-SPEC
OBLV	O
,	O
that	O
specifically	O
targets	O
central	O
olfactory	B-PROC
structures	O
.	O

Two	O
additional	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
trained	O
to	O
discriminate	O
between	O
the	O
presentation	O
of	O
air	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
presentation	O
of	O
either	O
vanillin	B-CHED
or	O
propionic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
.	O

Five	O
of	O
the	O
six	O
inoculated	O
mice	B-SPEC
showed	O
massive	O
disruption	O
of	O
the	O
olfactory	B-ANAT
bulb	I-ANAT
,	O
including	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
mitral	O
cells	B-COMP
;	O
the	O
other	O
was	O
more	O
modestly	O
affected	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
density	O
of	O
innervation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
olfactory	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
by	O
substance	O
P	O
-	O
containing	O
trigeminal	O
fibers	O
is	O
also	O
affected	O
by	O
inoculation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
cyanotic	O
spell	O
in	O
an	O
infant	O
with	O
tetralogy	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
Fallot	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
an	O
unusual	O
case	O
of	O
an	O
infant	O
who	O
developed	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
association	O
with	O
a	O
severe	O
cyanotic	B-DISO
attack	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
tetralogy	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
Fallot	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Origin	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
Georgia	O
98	O
(	O
GA98	O
),	O
a	O
new	O
serotype	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Together	O
with	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
data	O
,	O
it	O
appears	O
that	O
GA98	O
arose	O
from	O
immune	O
selection	O
caused	O
by	O
DE072	O
vaccine	O
use	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
kinetics	O
of	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	O
immune	O
responses	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
infected	O
with	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCV	B-SPEC
).	O

Total	O
Ig	O
to	O
TCV	B-SPEC
was	O
initially	O
detected	O
at	O
7	O
and	O
14	O
d	O
PI	O
in	O
Experiments	O
1	O
and	O
3	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
previously	O
reported	O
the	O
cloning	O
and	O
characterisation	O
of	O
the	O
heavy	O
and	O
light	O
chain	O
variable	O
domain	O
genes	O
encoding	O
three	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
Mabs	O
)	O
that	O
bind	B-FUNC
viral	B-SPEC
haemorrhagic	I-SPEC
septicaemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
VHSV	B-SPEC
).	O

The	O
variable	O
domains	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
antibodies	B-COMP
differ	O
by	O
only	O
four	O
residues	O
(	O
Lorenzen	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
2000a	O
.	O

To	O
further	O
study	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
neutralisation	O
,	O
Fab	B-PRGE
fragments	I-PRGE
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
recombinant	O
bacterial	O
single	O
chain	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
scAb	B-DISO
)	O
fragments	O
were	O
generated	O
from	O
the	O
three	O
anti	O
-	O
VHSV	B-SPEC
Mabs	O
and	O
their	O
variable	O
domain	O
genes	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
dissociation	O
constants	O
of	O
Mabs	O
3F1H10	O
and	O
3F1A2	O
and	O
their	O
respective	O
Fab	O
and	O
scAb	B-DISO
fragments	O
were	O
measured	O
by	O
BIAcore	O
analysis	O
and	O
found	O
to	O
correlate	O
with	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
each	O
molecule	O
to	O
neutralise	O
DK	O
-	O
F1	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
consumption	O
:	O
a	O
hypothesis	O
to	O
explain	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
oxygen	B-CHED
consumption	O
of	O
low	O
birth	O
weight	O
infants	O
with	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

VO2lung	O
can	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
elevated	O
metabolic	B-PROC
rate	I-PROC
in	O
low	O
-	O
birthweight	O
infants	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
infants	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
changes	O
on	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
radiography	O
(	O
Edwards	O
score	O
5	O
as	O
assessed	O
by	O
radiologist	O
blinded	O
for	O
VO2	B-CHED
data	O
)	O
all	O
had	O
a	O
VO2lung	O
level	O
greater	O
than	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
ml	O
x	O
kg	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
x	O
min	O
(-	O
1	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
lavage	O
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
model	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
C1	O
-	O
INH	O
might	O
be	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
higher	O
clinical	O
efficacy	O
of	O
exogenously	O
supplied	O
recombinant	O
SP	O
-	O
C	O
surfactant	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
is	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
the	O
elective	O
use	O
of	O
high	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
(	O
CV	O
)	O
in	O
preterm	O
infants	O
who	O
are	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
for	O
the	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
decreases	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
CLD	B-DISO
)	O
without	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
.	O

There	O
are	O
trends	O
toward	O
decreases	O
in	O
CLD	B-DISO
in	O
survivors	O
at	O
28	O
-	O
30	O
days	O
,	O
'	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
or	O
CLD	B-DISO
at	O
28	O
-	O
30	O
days	O
'	O
and	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
CLD	B-DISO
in	O
survivors	O
at	O
36	O
-	O
37	O
weeks	O
postmenstrual	O
age	O
or	O
discharge	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
HFOV	O
group	O
(	O
six	O
trials	O
,	O
summary	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
73	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
57	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
93	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
subgroup	O
of	O
six	O
trials	O
where	O
a	O
high	O
volume	O
strategy	O
(	O
HVS	B-FUNC
)	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
HFOV	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
significantly	O
lower	O
rates	O
of	O
CLD	B-DISO
in	O
survivors	O
at	O
28	O
-	O
30	O
days	O
[	O
three	O
trials	O
,	O
summary	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
53	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
36	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
76	O
)],	O
of	O
'	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
or	O
CLD	B-DISO
at	O
28	O
-	O
30	O
days	O
'	O
[	O
three	O
trials	O
,	O
summary	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
56	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
40	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
77	O
)	O
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
use	O
at	O
36	O
-	O
37	O
weeks	O
postmenstrual	O
age	O
or	O
discharge	B-ANAT
[	O
five	O
trials	O
,	O
summary	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
72	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
56	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
93	O
)].	O

Future	O
trials	O
should	O
target	O
very	O
preterm	O
infants	O
who	O
are	O
at	O
most	O
risk	O
of	O
CLD	B-DISO
and	O
infants	O
should	O
be	O
randomized	O
in	O
gestational	O
age	O
strata	O
.	O

background	O
supportive	O
therapy	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
;	O
3	O
.	O

MHV	B-SPEC
strain	O
JHM	O
causes	O
acute	O
and	O
chronic	O
neurological	O
diseases	O
in	O
susceptible	O
strains	O
of	O
rodents	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
decrease	O
of	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
by	O
60	O
and	O
25	O
%	O
respectively	O
)	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
tracheal	O
gas	B-ENZY
insufflation	O
allowed	O
to	O
reduce	O
plateau	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(<	O
35	O
cm	O
d	O
'	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
)	O
and	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
(	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
by	O
23	O
%	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
case	O
,	O
by	O
11	O
%	O
for	O
the	O
second	O
hour	O
then	O
by	O
24	O
%),	O
while	O
intracranial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
remained	O
constant	O
or	O
was	O
lowered	O
(	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
case	O
by	O
39	O
%	O
for	O
the	O
second	O
hour	O
).	O

TGI	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
component	O
of	O
ventilatory	O
management	O
when	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
head	B-ANAT
trauma	O
.	O

We	O
examined	O
using	O
ICR	O
mice	B-SPEC
whether	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
mutated	O
in	O
the	O
mutants	O
were	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
neurovirulence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
FiO2	O
and	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
as	O
compensation	B-PROC
for	O
altitude	O
-	O
induced	O
hypoxemia	O
in	O
an	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
model	O
:	O
implications	O
for	O
air	B-CHED
transportation	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
taken	O
to	O
8000	O
feet	B-ANAT
(	O
2440	O
m	O
)	O
in	O
an	O
altitude	O
chamber	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
then	O
stepwise	O
increases	O
of	O
either	O
5	O
%	O
FiO2	O
(	O
six	O
animals	O
)	O
or	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
six	O
animals	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
made	O
until	O
PaO2	O
values	O
exceeded	O
75	O
torr	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
kPa	O
).	O

Fifty	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
had	O
altitude	O
-	O
induced	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
that	O
was	O
resistant	O
to	O
increases	O
in	O
FiO2	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
multiple	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
and	O
hairpin	O
-	O
loop	O
structures	O
exist	O
within	O
this	O
region	O
.	O

Three	O
stem	B-ANAT
structures	O
were	O
chosen	O
as	O
targets	O
for	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
transversion	B-DISO
mutations	I-DISO
designed	O
to	O
destroy	O
base	B-FUNC
pairing	I-FUNC
structures	O
.	O

Destruction	O
of	O
base	B-FUNC
pairing	I-FUNC
between	O
positions	O
96	O
to	O
99	O
and	O
116	O
to	O
113	O
also	O
decreased	O
DI	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

All	O
of	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
susceptible	O
to	O
N	O
-	O
glycosidase	O
F	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
native	O
virions	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
indicates	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
molecules	O
are	O
exposed	O
to	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
surface	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
have	O
the	O
largest	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
genomes	O
and	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
genetic	O
instability	O
of	O
some	O
cDNA	O
sequences	O
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	O
this	O
has	O
hampered	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
a	O
reverse	O
-	O
genetics	O
system	O
for	O
this	O
group	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
assembly	O
of	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
cDNA	O
from	O
the	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
genomic	O
RNA	O
of	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
an	O
important	O
poultry	O
pathogen	O
.	O

The	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genomic	O
cDNA	O
was	O
assembled	O
immediately	O
downstream	O
of	O
a	O
T7	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
by	O
in	O
vitro	O
ligation	O
and	O
cloned	O
directly	O
into	O
the	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

We	O
wished	O
to	O
extend	O
this	O
study	O
in	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
defined	O
group	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
major	O
trauma	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
investigate	O
potential	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
rapid	O
intrapulmonary	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
generation	O
.	O

Acute	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
also	O
increased	O
rabbit	B-PRGE
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophage	I-ANAT
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
expression	B-PROC
.	O

Acute	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
clinically	O
relevant	O
stimulus	O
,	O
rapidly	O
and	O
selectively	O
upregulates	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
associated	O
with	O
a	O
novel	O
pattern	O
of	O
transcription	B-PROC
factor	O
activation	O
.	O

Both	O
the	O
pattern	O
of	O
cytokine	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
factor	O
activation	O
by	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
was	O
different	O
to	O
that	O
seen	O
with	O
endotoxin	O
.	O

Cell	B-COMP
-	O
free	O
virions	B-COMP
consist	O
of	O
a	O
rod	B-ANAT
-	O
shaped	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
120	O
-	O
150x19	O
-	O
22	O
nm	O
)	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
seen	O
in	O
baculoviruses	O
.	O

Morphologically	O
similar	O
viruses	B-SPEC
had	O
previously	O
been	O
isolated	O
from	O
grass	B-SPEC
carp	I-SPEC
(	O
Ctenopharyngodon	B-SPEC
idella	I-SPEC
),	O
blue	B-SPEC
crab	I-SPEC
(	O
Callinectis	O
sapidus	O
),	O
European	O
shore	O
crab	B-SPEC
(	O
Carcinus	B-SPEC
maenas	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
shrimp	O
(	O
Penaeus	B-SPEC
monodon	I-SPEC
).	O

ORF1a	O
and	O
ORF1b	O
encode	O
replicative	O
polyproteins	O
pp1a	B-PRGE
and	O
pp1ab	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
that	O
contain	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
putative	O
functional	O
domains	O
documented	O
previously	O
for	O
the	O
closest	O
relative	O
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
find	O
out	O
if	O
pretreatment	O
with	O
taurine	O
would	O
reduce	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
endotoxin	O
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
chart	O
review	O
of	O
consecutive	O
admissions	O
for	O
GBL	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
regional	O
toxicology	O
treatment	O
center	O
.	O

During	O
a	O
6	O
-	O
month	O
period	O
,	O
5	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
severe	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
attributed	O
to	O
abrupt	O
GBL	B-PRGE
discontinuation	O
.	O

Initial	O
treatment	O
with	O
high	O
doses	O
of	O
lorazepam	B-CHED
proved	O
ineffective	O
.	O

No	O
patient	O
had	O
respiratory	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
or	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
discharged	O
on	O
tapering	O
doses	O
of	O
benzodiazepines	B-CHED
or	O
pentobarbital	B-CHED
and	O
were	O
free	O
of	O
psychotic	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
at	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

In	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
urea	B-CHED
treatment	O
has	O
been	O
clearly	O
shown	O
to	O
protect	O
again	O
ODS	O
,	O
this	O
protective	O
effect	O
could	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
induce	O
quickly	O
brain	B-ANAT
""""	O
organic	O
osmolytes	B-CHED
""""	O
reaccumulation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
detection	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
by	O
duplex	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Among	O
90	O
clinical	O
samples	O
,	O
7	O
TGE	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
2	O
PED	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
by	O
the	O
duplex	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
replicase	O
gene	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
been	O
determined	O
.	O

The	O
ORF1a	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
ORF1b	I-PRGE
sequences	I-PRGE
overlapped	O
at	O
a	O
potential	O
ribosomal	O
frame	O
shift	O
site	O
.	O

Comparative	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
alignments	O
revealed	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
is	O
most	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
)-	O
229E	O
and	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
less	O
related	O
to	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
document	O
intrahepatic	O
and	O
splenic	B-ANAT
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
subpopulations	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
process	O
and	O
viral	O
elimination	B-PROC
identified	O
in	O
attenuated	O
or	O
pathogenic	O
MHV3	O
-	O
infected	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Coronaviral	O
particles	O
from	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
or	O
the	O
sucrose	B-CHED
density	O
gradient	O
preparation	O
were	O
mainly	O
spherical	O
in	O
shape	O
and	O
had	O
envelope	B-COMP
and	O
central	O
depression	B-DISO
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
568	O
bp	O
PCR	O
product	O
revealed	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
identity	O
with	O
the	O
corresponding	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
sequence	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
different	O
processes	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
continuous	O
generation	O
of	O
new	O
viral	O
variants	O
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
is	O
of	O
special	O
importance	O
.	O

This	O
process	O
has	O
been	O
observed	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
,	O
plant	B-SPEC
and	O
bacterial	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Unvaccinated	O
birds	B-SPEC
in	O
Experiment	O
3	O
fed	O
an	O
Arg	B-CHED
-	O
deficient	O
diet	O
had	O
lower	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
feed	O
conversion	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
vaccinated	O
birds	B-SPEC
fed	O
an	O
Arg	B-CHED
-	O
deficient	O
diet	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Relationship	O
between	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
dietary	O
vitamin	B-CHED
E	I-CHED
and	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
of	O
broiler	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
range	O
of	O
VE	O
(	O
0	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
17	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
25	O
,	O
37	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
50	O
,	O
100	O
,	O
and	O
200	O
IU	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
levels	O
were	O
supplemented	O
to	O
a	O
basal	O
diet	O
(	O
corn	B-DISO
-	O
soy	O
)	O
containing	O
10	O
.	O
2	O
IU	O
of	O
VE	O
/	O
kg	O
.	O

Immunohistochemistry	O
for	O
VEGFA	O
(	O
165	O
),	O
an	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
mitogen	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
its	O
receptor	O
Flt	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
from	O
autopsies	O
from	O
four	O
fetuses	B-ANAT
,	O
three	O
preterm	O
infants	O
,	O
four	O
term	O
infants	O
without	O
primary	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
four	O
infants	O
with	O
BPD	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
four	O
infants	O
with	O
PPHN	O
.	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
immediate	O
effects	O
of	O
specific	O
tidal	O
volume	O
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
combinations	O
upon	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
static	O
compliance	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
PEEP	B-CHED
set	O
at	O
25	O
cmH2O	O
did	O
not	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
or	O
compliance	O
.	O

Early	O
screening	O
of	O
parasitemia	B-DISO
using	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
methods	O
in	O
seropositive	O
patients	O
with	O
unexplained	O
fever	B-PROC
may	O
be	O
needed	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
cDNA	O
microarray	O
analyses	O
were	O
performed	O
that	O
indicated	O
several	O
pathogenic	O
responses	O
during	O
nickel	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
,	O
including	O
marked	O
macrophage	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
.	O

Increases	O
in	O
cytokine	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
cellular	B-ANAT
nitration	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
are	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
differences	O
between	O
genotypes	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
onset	O
of	O
pathology	B-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
Ron	O
tk	O
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
of	O
July	O
2001	O
,	O
the	O
VirOligo	O
database	O
contains	O
a	O
complete	O
listing	O
of	O
oligonucleotides	B-CHED
specific	O
to	O
viral	O
agents	O
associated	O
with	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
were	O
published	O
in	O
English	O
in	O
peer	O
-	O
reviewed	O
journals	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
vaccination	O
by	O
repeated	O
injections	O
of	O
plasmids	O
encoding	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
protect	O
kittens	O
against	O
challenge	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
FIPV	O
.	O

Also	O
,	O
a	O
prime	O
-	O
boost	O
protocol	O
failed	O
to	O
afford	O
protection	O
,	O
with	O
priming	O
using	O
plasmid	O
DNA	O
and	O
boosting	O
using	O
recombinant	O
vaccinia	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
expressing	O
the	O
same	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
on	O
phospholipase	B-PROC
A	I-PROC
(	O
2	O
)	O
activity	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
degradation	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
in	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
.	O

for	O
2	O
h	O
)	O
provoked	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
and	O
edema	B-DISO
,	O
protein	B-CHED
leakage	B-DISO
and	O
massive	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
resulted	O
in	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
impaired	B-DISO
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
,	O
accompanying	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
phospholipase	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
activity	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
degradation	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
.	O

for	O
6	O
h	O
)	O
did	O
not	O
improve	O
the	O
above	O
described	O
lung	O
injury	O
induced	O
by	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
nor	O
did	O
it	O
suppress	O
phospholipase	B-PROC
A	I-PROC
(	O
2	O
)	O
activity	O
and	O
degradation	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
,	O
while	O
it	O
strongly	O
reduced	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
both	O
plasma	B-ANAT
and	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
autopsy	O
case	O
of	O
primary	B-DISO
biliary	I-DISO
cirrhosis	I-DISO
with	O
severe	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Though	O
the	O
symptoms	O
of	O
these	O
complications	O
improved	O
,	O
the	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
deteriorated	O
very	O
quickly	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
when	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
PBC	B-DISO
decreased	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Postoperative	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
as	O
the	O
fifth	O
vital	O
parameter	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
postoperative	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
and	O
its	O
therapy	O
is	O
a	O
great	O
challenge	O
for	O
all	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
providers	O
in	O
operative	O
medicine	O
today	O
.	O

Introduction	O
of	O
the	O
""""	O
fifth	O
vital	O
parameter	O
""""	O
would	O
solve	O
many	O
problems	O
in	O
postoperative	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
therapy	O
,	O
because	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
take	O
vital	O
signs	O
very	O
seriously	O
both	O
for	O
monitoring	O
and	O
treatment	O
.	O

These	O
effects	O
are	O
very	O
harmful	O
,	O
changing	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
family	B-SPEC
because	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
very	O
difficult	O
and	O
expensive	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
(	O
LD	O
)	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
(	O
HD	O
)	O
systemic	O
heparinization	O
in	O
a	O
prospective	O
randomized	O
study	O
of	O
arteriovenous	O
carbon	O
dioxide	O
removal	O
(	O
AVCO2R	O
)	O
during	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
using	O
a	O
commercially	O
available	O
heparin	B-CHED
-	O
coated	O
oxygenator	O
.	O

At	O
40	O
-	O
48	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
injury	O
,	O
animals	B-SPEC
underwent	O
cannulation	O
of	O
the	O
carotid	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
and	O
jugular	B-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
and	O
were	O
then	O
randomized	O
to	O
HD	O
heparin	B-CHED
(	O
activated	O
clotting	B-PROC
time	O
,	O
ACT	O
>	O
300s	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
)	O
and	O
LD	O
heparin	B-CHED
(	O
ACT	O
<	O
200s	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
7	O
)	O
and	O
placed	O
on	O
AVCO2R	O
for	O
approximately	O
72	O
h	O
using	O
an	O
oxygenator	O
with	O
the	O
Trillium	B-SPEC
Bio	O
-	O
Passive	O
Surface	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
a	O
1	O
7	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
with	O
acute	O
extra	O
-	O
pyramidal	O
parkinsonism	O
complicating	O
a	O
suicidal	O
attempt	O
with	O
the	O
organophosphate	B-CHED
insecticide	I-CHED
chlorpyrifos	B-CHED
,	O
who	O
was	O
initially	O
suspected	O
to	O
have	O
developed	O
severe	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
or	O
psychosis	B-DISO
.	O

Clustering	O
of	O
co	O
-	O
regulated	O
genes	O
(	O
displaying	O
similar	O
temporal	O
expression	B-PROC
patterns	O
)	O
revealed	O
the	O
altered	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
relatively	O
few	O
genes	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
(	O
38	O
of	O
40	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
sampled	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
positive	O
for	O
RV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
RV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
populations	O
tested	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
serodiagnostic	O
ELISA	O
utilizing	O
the	O
recombinant	O
nucleoprotein	O
(	O
rN	O
protein	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
evaluated	O
by	O
examining	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
141	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
(	O
VN	O
)	O
positive	O
and	O
101	O
negative	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pulmonary	O
endothelium	B-ANAT
synthesizes	O
many	O
bioactive	O
compounds	O
and	O
their	O
activation	O
or	O
injury	O
may	O
cause	O
release	B-PATH
these	O
substances	O
into	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
.	O

Group	O
I	O
--	O
patients	O
with	O
ISS	B-DISO
>	O
or	O
=	O
35	O
,	O
Group	O
II	O
--	O
patients	O
with	O
ISS	B-DISO
<	O
35	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
admission	O
,	O
significant	O
correlation	O
between	O
plasma	B-ANAT
vWF	B-PRGE
:	O
Ag	O
and	O
ISS	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
(	O
Rs	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
568	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
is	O
characterised	O
by	O
capillary	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
formation	B-PROC
and	O
may	O
complicate	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
medical	O
and	O
surgical	O
illnesses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mouse	O
hepatitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
spreads	O
from	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
DBT	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
express	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
CEACAM1	I-PRGE
(	O
MHVR	B-PRGE
),	O
to	O
BHK	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
are	O
devoid	O
of	O
the	O
receptor	O
,	O
by	O
intercellular	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
(	O
MHVR	O
-	O
independent	O
fusion	O
).	O

Thus	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
soMHVR	O
,	O
JHMV	O
srr7	O
-	O
infected	O
DBT	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
overlaid	O
onto	O
BHK	O
cells	B-COMP
induce	O
BHK	O
cell	B-COMP
syncytia	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
JHMV	O
srr7	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Together	O
with	O
these	O
observations	O
,	O
direct	O
binding	O
of	O
soMHVR	O
to	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
as	O
revealed	O
by	O
coimmunoprecipitation	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
effect	O
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
soMHVR	O
to	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
neither	O
the	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
nor	O
the	O
short	O
lumenal	O
domain	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
E	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
Golgi	B-PROC
targeting	I-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
an	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
truncation	B-DISO
containing	O
only	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
domain	I-ANAT
(	O
CTE	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
efficiently	O
localized	O
to	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
complex	I-COMP
,	O
and	O
this	O
domain	O
could	O
retain	O
a	O
reporter	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
IBV	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
palmitoylated	O
on	O
one	O
or	O
two	O
cysteine	B-CHED
residues	O
adjacent	O
to	O
its	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
,	O
but	O
palmitoylation	B-PROC
was	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
proper	O
Golgi	B-PROC
targeting	I-PROC
.	O

An	O
optimized	O
TRS	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
designed	O
comprising	O
88	O
nt	O
from	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
TRS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
CS	O
,	O
and	O
3	O
nt	O
3	O
'	O
to	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
CS	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Heterologous	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
from	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
replicon	O
particles	O
.	O

Following	O
transfection	B-PROC
of	O
baby	O
hamster	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
(	O
BHK	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
a	O
recombinant	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
GFP2	O
)	O
was	O
isolated	O
that	O
replicated	O
efficiently	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
GFP	O
.	O

Following	O
cotransfection	O
of	O
BHK	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
the	O
replicon	O
RNAs	O
carrying	O
gfp	O
,	O
GFP	O
expression	O
was	O
evident	O
by	O
fluorescent	O
microscopy	O
and	O
leader	O
-	O
containing	O
transcripts	O
carrying	O
gfp	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

Under	O
identical	O
conditions	O
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
GFP2	O
spread	O
throughout	O
ST	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
,	O
expressed	B-PROC
GFP	O
,	O
and	O
formed	O
viral	O
plaques	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
documented	O
cases	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
following	O
this	O
event	O
exceeded	O
all	O
similar	O
cases	O
previously	O
reported	O
for	O
any	O
single	O
earthquake	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
639	O
patients	O
(	O
291	O
female	O
and	O
348	O
male	O
)	O
with	O
ARF	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
crush	O
injury	O
were	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
35	O
hospitals	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
R120	O
/	O
R121	O
recombinants	O
most	O
likely	O
use	O
the	O
endosomal	O
pathway	B-PROC
to	O
enter	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recovery	O
rate	O
and	O
prognosis	O
in	O
older	O
persons	O
who	O
develop	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
survivors	O
achieving	O
physiologic	O
recovery	O
landmarks	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
between	O
the	O
older	O
and	O
younger	O
age	O
groups	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
median	O
time	O
to	O
pass	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
hour	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
trial	O
was	O
similar	O
between	O
both	O
the	O
older	O
and	O
younger	O
patients	O
(	O
4	O
days	O
vs	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
;	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Seventeen	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
field	O
isolates	O
recovered	O
from	O
commercial	O
broiler	O
flocks	O
in	O
Mexico	O
were	O
identified	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
cycle	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
(	O
CTL	B-ANAT
)	O
are	O
critical	O
in	O
controlling	O
acute	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

Both	O
natural	O
and	O
rChIFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
inhibited	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
Beaudette	O
strain	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
chicken	B-PRGE
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
CKC	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
accounted	O
for	O
entirely	O
by	O
its	O
content	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
.	O

Optimal	O
protection	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
was	O
obtained	O
after	O
intravenous	O
or	O
oral	B-ANAT
administration	O
of	O
ChIFN	O
given	O
1	O
day	O
before	O
virus	B-SPEC
challenge	O
and	O
each	O
of	O
5	O
days	O
thereafter	O
.	O

Monastral	O
blue	O
(	O
MB	O
)-	O
labelled	O
blood	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
and	O
pathological	O
changes	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
examined	O
under	O
a	O
light	O
microscope	O
.	O

Administration	O
of	O
exogenous	O
ONOO	O
(-)	O
caused	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
increase	O
in	O
LC	O
,	O
W	O
/	O
D	O
,	O
ater	O
and	O
EB	O
contents	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
MB	O
-	O
labelled	O
blood	O
vessels	O
in	O
rat	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
together	O
with	O
significant	O
pathological	O
alterations	O
such	O
as	O
diffuse	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
collapse	B-DISO
,	O
capillary	B-ANAT
congestion	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
septa	O
and	O
focal	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
consensus	O
that	O
mild	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
moderate	O
hypertension	B-DISO
in	I-DISO
pregnancy	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
treated	O
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
reemerged	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
of	O
all	O
Ab	O
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
lack	O
of	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
lymphoid	O
architecture	O
thus	O
appears	O
to	O
manifest	O
itself	O
on	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
in	O
a	O
genetically	O
biased	O
manner	O
.	O

On	O
admission	O
,	O
signs	O
of	O
a	O
cholinergic	O
syndrome	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
:	O
miosis	B-PROC
,	O
rhinorrhoea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
fasciculations	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
concentrations	O
of	O
both	O
organophosphate	O
compounds	O
rapidly	O
decreased	O
,	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
cholinesterase	B-PRGE
showed	O
a	O
prolonged	O
inhibition	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
course	O
was	O
complicated	O
by	O
hypotension	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
an	O
epileptic	B-DISO
seizure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
ten	O
-	O
case	O
report	O
of	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
suis	I-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
was	O
reported	O
in	O
Lamphun	O
,	O
northern	O
Thailand	O
from	O
1999	O
to	O
2000	O
.	O

The	O
disease	O
progressed	O
rapidly	O
and	O
all	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
within	O
24	O
-	O
48	O
hours	O
after	O
admission	O
from	O
complications	O
such	O
as	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
(	O
DIC	B-DISO
),	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
late	O
convalescence	O
one	O
could	O
observe	O
affections	O
of	O
the	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
,	O
bones	B-ANAT
,	O
nervous	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
eyes	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
low	O
amounts	O
of	O
BCV	B-SPEC
were	O
also	O
detected	O
only	O
by	O
nested	O
PCR	O
in	O
the	O
fecal	B-ANAT
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
samples	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
-	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
showed	O
significant	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
Korean	O
and	O
American	O
strains	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
at	O
6	O
,	O
12	O
and	O
60	O
hpi	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Interstitial	B-ANAT
lung	B-ANAT
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
polymyositis	B-DISO
and	O
dermatomyositis	B-DISO
].	O

Specific	O
therapy	O
of	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
has	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
clearly	O
established	O
in	O
polymyositis	B-DISO
/	O
dermatomyositis	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
promising	O
regulation	B-PROC
system	O
is	O
the	O
tet	O
-	O
on	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
low	O
basal	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
activity	O
and	O
high	O
inducibility	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
strain	O
JHM	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
develop	O
an	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
demyelinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunospot	O
(	O
ELISPOT	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
detect	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-ANAT
secreting	B-PROC
cells	B-COMP
(	O
ASC	O
)	O
in	O
gut	B-ANAT
associated	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
(	O
duodenum	B-ANAT
and	O
ileum	B-ANAT
lamina	B-ANAT
propria	I-ANAT
and	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
)	O
and	O
systemic	O
locations	O
(	O
spleen	B-ANAT
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
)	O
of	O
conventional	O
pigs	B-SPEC
so	O
as	O
to	O
characterise	O
the	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
generated	O
by	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Immediately	O
before	O
inoculation	O
(	O
day	O
0	O
)	O
and	O
3	O
days	O
later	O
(	O
day	O
3	O
),	O
ciliated	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
was	O
obtained	O
by	O
brushing	O
the	O
inferior	B-ANAT
nasal	I-ANAT
turbinate	I-ANAT
.	O

Around	O
a	O
quarter	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
showing	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
helper	O
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
also	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
reporter	O
gene	O
.	O

The	O
large	O
cloning	O
capacity	O
and	O
the	O
tissue	B-PROC
specificity	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
minigenomes	O
suggest	O
that	O
these	O
virus	B-SPEC
vectors	O
are	O
very	O
promising	O
for	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Conservation	O
of	O
substrate	O
specificities	O
among	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
proteases	O
.	O

Recombinant	O
main	O
proteases	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	O
),	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
tested	O
in	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
trans	O
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
assays	O
.	O

Two	O
trials	O
were	O
conducted	O
with	O
two	O
separate	O
hatches	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
.	O

Body	B-ANAT
weight	O
gain	O
of	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
CY	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
untreated	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
at	O
9	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
PI	O
).	O

Turkeys	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
CY	O
had	O
1	O
-	O
2	O
fold	O
higher	O
immunofluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
scores	O
for	O
TCV	B-SPEC
antigens	B-CHED
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
intestine	B-ANAT
than	O
untreated	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
at	O
9	O
or	O
14	O
days	O
PI	O
.	O

The	O
pathobiology	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
includes	O
formidable	O
hurdles	O
to	O
gene	O
transfer	O
,	O
including	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
filled	O
with	O
fluid	O
,	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
cytokines	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
may	O
impair	O
gene	O
transfer	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
injury	O
.	O

We	O
tested	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
adenovectors	O
could	O
efficiently	O
transduce	O
injured	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
by	O
exposing	O
adult	O
,	O
male	O
Sprague	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Dawley	I-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
to	O
100	O
%	O
oxygen	B-CHED
for	O
48	O
or	O
60	O
h	O
before	O
endotracheal	O
instillation	O
of	O
either	O
1	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
or	O
4	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
plaque	B-DISO
-	O
forming	O
units	O
of	O
an	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
that	O
expresses	O
an	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
lac	B-CHED
Z	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
adbeta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gal	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
a	O
surfactant	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
vehicle	O
(	O
Survanta	O
).	O

Net	O
transgene	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
hyperoxic	O
lungs	B-ANAT
was	O
not	O
different	O
from	O
room	O
air	B-CHED
controls	O
despite	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
histologic	O
injury	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
show	O
that	O
adenovectors	O
can	O
efficiently	O
transduce	O
the	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
of	O
acutely	O
injured	O
,	O
edematous	B-DISO
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
asthma	B-DISO
attacks	I-DISO
.	O

Changes	O
in	O
the	O
neural	B-PROC
control	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
airways	O
contribute	O
to	O
bronchoconstriction	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
is	O
reflected	O
in	O
an	O
increased	O
efficacy	O
of	O
anticholinergic	O
medications	O
during	O
acute	O
asthma	B-DISO
attacks	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
AHR	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
refractory	O
to	O
CYP1A1	B-PRGE
induction	O
by	O
hyperoxia	B-DISO
and	O
were	O
more	O
sensitive	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
than	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
previously	O
showed	O
that	O
an	O
intraperitoneal	O
infection	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
persists	O
in	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
)-	O
deficient	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
(	O
B6	O
-	O
GKO	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
results	O
in	O
subacute	O
fatal	O
peritonitis	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
bears	B-SPEC
a	O
resemblance	O
to	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
with	O
two	O
known	O
serogroups	O
named	O
229	O
-	O
E	O
and	O
OC	O
-	O
43	O
,	O
are	O
enveloped	O
positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	O
.	O

The	O
envelop	O
contains	O
2	O
or	O
3	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
:	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
or	O
protein	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
matrix	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	I-PRGE
or	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
M	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
a	O
hemagglutinin	O
(	O
or	O
protein	B-CHED
HE	O
).	O

Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
can	O
survive	O
for	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
6	O
days	O
in	O
suspension	O
and	O
3	O
hours	O
after	O
drying	O
on	O
surfaces	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
strong	O
positive	O
correlation	O
was	O
established	O
between	O
protection	O
and	O
the	O
ASC	O
responses	O
detected	O
in	O
gut	B-ANAT
associated	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
at	O
the	O
challenge	O
day	O
and	O
also	O
between	O
protection	O
and	O
serum	B-PRGE
isotype	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
on	O
that	O
day	O
.	O

No	O
increase	O
was	O
seen	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
parameters	O
studied	O
in	O
the	O
pigs	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
with	O
virulent	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antibody	B-FUNC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
morbidity	O
following	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
challenge	O
with	O
Escherichia	O
coli	O
,	O
in	O
lines	O
divergently	O
selected	O
on	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

This	O
review	O
updates	O
the	O
indications	O
for	O
IPPV	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
by	O
examining	O
available	O
evidence	O
from	O
clinical	O
trials	O
and	O
by	O
considering	O
new	O
management	O
alternatives	O
that	O
have	O
become	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
20	O
years	O
.	O

Compelling	O
face	B-DISO
validity	O
justifies	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
IPPV	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
apnea	B-DISO
or	O
when	O
it	O
appears	O
certain	O
that	O
respiratory	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
is	O
about	O
to	O
occur	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
tachypnea	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
the	O
subjective	O
impression	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
are	O
probably	O
not	O
in	O
themselves	O
justification	O
for	O
emergency	B-DISO
intubation	O
.	O

In	O
acute	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
noninvasive	O
positive	O
-	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NPPV	O
)	O
should	O
be	O
the	O
initial	O
ventilation	O
approach	O
unless	O
the	O
patient	O
has	O
one	O
of	O
several	O
specific	O
exclusion	O
criteria	O
such	O
as	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
instability	O
or	O
severely	O
impaired	B-DISO
mental	O
status	O
.	O

Antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
delayed	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
type	I-DISO
hypersensitivity	I-DISO
(	O
DTH	B-DISO
)	O
response	O
against	O
bovine	B-PRGE
serum	B-COMP
albumin	I-PRGE
(	O
BSA	O
),	O
the	O
absolute	O
number	O
and	O
percentage	O
of	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
subpopulations	O
,	O
and	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
)-	O
like	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
by	O
splenocytes	O
were	O
evaluated	O
at	O
5	O
-	O
6	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

These	O
changes	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
previously	O
reported	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
not	O
exposed	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
low	O
-	O
level	O
exposure	O
to	O
lead	O
has	O
a	O
direct	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
developing	O
chicken	B-SPEC
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
is	O
evident	O
even	O
during	O
a	O
postnatal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Cats	B-SPEC
with	O
positive	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
had	O
the	O
most	O
evident	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
estimations	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
precise	O
and	O
relative	O
roles	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
BCV	B-SPEC
infectivity	O
remain	O
elusive	O
.	O

After	O
instillation	O
,	O
rats	B-SPEC
were	O
exposed	O
to	O
oxygen	B-CHED
alone	O
(	O
FIO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
100	O
%)	O
or	O
to	O
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
FIO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
approximately	O
100	O
%)	O
plus	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
10	O
ppm	O
)	O
during	O
24	O
hrs	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
manifested	O
most	O
frequently	O
within	O
first	O
four	O
hours	O
after	O
transfusion	O
of	O
allogenous	O
haemoproduct	O
containing	O
anti	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
rare	O
,	O
but	O
severe	O
transfusion	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
with	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
around	O
10	O
%	O
is	O
often	O
misdiagnosed	O
,	O
since	O
TRALI	B-DISO
signs	O
are	O
assigned	O
to	O
other	O
clinical	O
conditions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vascular	B-ANAT
immunotargeting	O
of	O
glucose	B-ENZY
oxidase	B-PRGE
to	O
the	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
antigens	B-CHED
induces	O
distinct	O
forms	O
of	O
oxidant	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
:	O
targeting	B-PROC
to	O
thrombomodulin	B-PRGE
,	O
but	O
not	O
to	O
PECAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
causes	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
thrombosis	I-DISO
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
transmigration	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
anti	O
-	O
TM	O
/	O
GOX	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
injury	O
was	O
accompanied	O
by	O
PMN	B-PROC
transmigration	O
in	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
space	O
,	O
whereas	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PECAM	I-PRGE
/	O
GOX	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
injury	O
was	O
accompanied	O
by	O
PMN	B-PROC
degranulation	O
within	O
vascular	B-ANAT
lumen	B-ANAT
without	O
PMN	B-PROC
transmigration	O
,	O
likely	O
because	O
of	O
PECAM	O
blockage	O
.	O

Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TM	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
GOX	I-PRGE
caused	O
markedly	O
more	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
thrombosis	I-DISO
than	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PECAM	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
GOX	I-PRGE
,	O
likely	O
because	O
of	O
TM	O
inhibition	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
,	O
including	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
,	O
of	O
both	O
respiratory	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
)	O
and	O
enteric	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
)	O
BoCV	O
isolates	O
including	O
two	O
paired	O
isolates	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
feedlot	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
compared	O
them	O
with	O
the	O
prototype	O
Mebus	O
and	O
two	O
enteric	O
and	O
one	O
respiratory	O
BoCV	O
strains	O
from	O
Quebec	O
.	O

Seven	O
hundred	O
and	O
twenty	O
patients	O
were	O
selected	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
seasonal	O
or	O
perennial	B-DISO
rhinitis	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
or	O
both	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
inducible	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
(	O
IP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
;	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
)-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
reveal	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
in	O
effector	B-CHED
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
generation	O
and	O
trafficking	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
inducible	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
(	O
IP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
,	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
chemokine	O
secreted	B-PROC
from	O
cells	B-COMP
stimulated	O
with	O
type	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
IFNs	O
and	O
LPS	B-DISO
,	O
is	O
a	O
chemoattractant	O
for	O
activated	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
in	O
vivo	O
function	O
of	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
,	O
we	O
constructed	O
an	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
-	O
deficient	O
mouse	B-SPEC
(	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
(-/-))	O
by	O
targeted	B-PROC
gene	O
disruption	O
.	O

T	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
to	O
allogeneic	O
and	O
antigenic	O
stimulation	O
and	O
IFN	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
gamma	I-PROC
secretion	B-ANAT
in	O
response	O
to	O
antigenic	O
challenge	O
were	O
impaired	B-DISO
in	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Causative	O
conditions	O
of	O
HTG	O
-	O
induced	O
AP	O
were	O
familial	O
HTG	O
in	O
eight	O
patients	O
,	O
HTG	O
caused	O
by	O
uncontrolled	O
diabetes	B-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
in	O
five	O
,	O
HTG	O
aggravated	O
by	O
drugs	O
in	O
two	O
(	O
one	O
by	O
tamoxifen	B-CHED
and	O
one	O
by	O
fluvastatin	B-CHED
),	O
familial	B-DISO
hyperchylomicronemia	I-DISO
(	O
HCM	O
)	O
in	O
one	O
,	O
and	O
lipemia	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
in	O
one	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Oligomeric	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
extend	O
from	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

Once	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
virions	B-COMP
,	O
peripheral	O
S1	O
fragments	O
bind	B-FUNC
carcinoembryonic	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	O
(	O
CEACAM	O
)	O
receptors	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
triggers	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
reactions	O
mediated	O
by	O
integral	O
membrane	B-COMP
S2	O
fragments	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pharmacodynamics	O
and	O
pharmacokinetics	B-PROC
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
septic	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

7	O
%,	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
index	O
(	O
PVRI	O
)	O
from	O
(	O
16	O
+/-	O

m	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
along	O
with	O
severe	O
intrapulmonary	O
neutrophil	B-PROC
recruitment	B-DISO
and	O
peripheral	O
neutropenia	O
.	O

The	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
then	O
treated	O
as	O
either	O
a	O
control	O
or	O
an	O
NO	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
each	O
,	O
iNO	B-PRGE
0	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
micromol	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
)	O
for	O
another	O
10	O
h	O
.	O
More	O
survival	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
NO	O
group	O
(	O
4	O
/	O
6	O
vs	O
0	O
/	O
6	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Pharmacodynamics	O
of	O
iNO	O
in	O
this	O
model	O
was	O
related	O
to	O
improvement	O
in	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
Cdyn	O
,	O
PVRI	O
,	O
and	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokine	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
its	O
adverse	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
was	O
mainly	O
confined	O
to	O
MetHb	O
at	O
higher	O
NO	O
dose	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pressure	O
-	O
controlled	O
inverse	O
ratio	O
ventilation	O
(	O
PC	O
-	O
IRV	B-PROC
)	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
after	O
failed	O
volume	O
-	O
cycled	O
conventional	O
ratio	O
ventilation	O
(	O
VC	O
-	O
CRV	B-DISO
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
values	O
of	O
PIP	B-CHED
,	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
,	O
minute	O
volumes	O
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
in	O
VC	O
-	O
CRV	B-DISO
were	O
43	O
.	O
9	O
+/-	O

Confusion	B-DISO
as	O
to	O
when	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
use	O
molecular	O
methods	O
abounds	O
.	O

Specific	O
combinations	O
of	O
viral	O
strains	O
and	O
murine	B-SPEC
hosts	B-COMP
may	O
favor	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
could	O
potentially	O
allow	O
the	O
unexpected	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
chronic	O
,	O
persistent	O
,	O
or	O
latent	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Transmission	O
occurred	O
via	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
seropositive	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
exposure	O
to	O
contaminated	O
bedding	O
.	O

Our	O
observation	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
constantly	O
expanding	O
varieties	O
of	O
immune	O
-	O
impaired	O
or	O
poorly	O
characterized	O
murine	B-SPEC
hosts	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
burgeoning	O
dissemination	O
of	O
these	O
animals	B-SPEC
throughout	O
the	O
biomedical	O
research	O
community	O
,	O
indicate	O
that	O
unexpected	O
pathophysiologic	O
presentations	O
of	O
common	O
murine	B-SPEC
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
may	O
present	O
new	O
challenges	O
to	O
the	O
biomedical	O
research	O
community	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

Liver	B-ANAT
Dialysis	B-SPEC
is	O
used	O
in	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	O
hepatic	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
(	O
AHE	B-CHED
)	O
because	O
of	O
decompensation	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
A	O
-	O
on	O
-	O
C	O
)	O
or	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatic	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
FHF	B-DISO
).	O

Controlled	O
,	O
prospective	O
and	O
randomized	O
studies	O
of	O
daily	O
6	O
-	O
hour	O
Liver	B-ANAT
Dialysis	B-SPEC
have	O
shown	O
physiologic	O
and	O
neurologic	O
improvement	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
AHE	B-CHED
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
etiology	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
sPLA	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
specifically	O
,	O
the	O
extracellular	B-COMP
PLA	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
(	O
ExPLIs	O
),	O
composed	O
of	O
N	O
-	O
derivatized	O
phosphatidyl	B-CHED
-	O
ethanolamine	B-CHED
linked	O
to	O
polymeric	O
carriers	O
,	O
and	O
LY311727	O
,	O
a	O
specific	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
non	O
-	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
sPLA	O
(	O
2	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
--	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
CNS	B-CHED
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
CNS	B-CHED
demyelination	B-DISO
shares	O
pathological	O
similarities	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
CNS	B-CHED
demyelinating	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
(	O
MS	O
).	O

No	O
cleavage	B-PROC
could	O
be	O
detected	O
using	O
substrate	O
that	O
carried	O
both	O
the	O
p65	B-PRGE
site	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
predicted	O
p72	B-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
sequence	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Central	O
hypoventilation	O
syndrome	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
the	O
failure	O
of	O
automatic	O
control	O
of	O
breathing	B-PROC
.	O

Ischemia	B-DISO
of	O
central	O
chemoreceptors	B-ANAT
or	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
their	O
informations	O
could	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
mechanism	O
.	O

The	O
blocking	B-DISO
ELISA	O
was	O
determined	O
to	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
herd	O
monitoring	O
programs	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
alone	O
without	O
parallel	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
VN	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
assessment	O
of	O
large	O
swine	B-SPEC
populations	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
herds	O
.	O

Histologically	O
,	O
Smith	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
was	O
4	O
.	O
40	O
+/-	O

SI	O
with	O
5P	O
(	O
m	O
)	O
resulted	O
in	O
immediate	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
[(	O
44	O
.	O
0	O
+/-	O

With	O
the	O
increasing	O
of	O
SI	O
pressure	O
,	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
decreased	O
markedly	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Allogeneic	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
for	O
active	O
Epstein	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Barr	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
related	O
lymphoproliferative	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
hemophagocytic	B-DISO
lymphohistiocytosis	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
infant	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
combined	I-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Engraftment	B-PROC
occurred	O
on	O
day	O
6	O
with	O
explosive	B-CHED
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
donor	B-CHED
CD8	O
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Of	O
5	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
multiple	O
transfusions	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
donor	B-CHED
,	O
2	O
experienced	O
2	O
reactions	O
:	O
one	O
had	O
2	O
mild	O
/	O
moderate	O
reactions	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
had	O
both	O
a	O
mild	O
/	O
moderate	O
and	O
a	O
severe	O
reaction	O
.	O

TRALI	B-DISO
was	O
frequently	O
underdiagnosed	O
and	O
underreported	O
in	O
recipients	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
from	O
a	O
donor	B-CHED
whose	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
may	O
have	O
caused	O
TRALI	B-DISO
in	O
several	O
transfusion	O
recipients	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Superimposed	O
illness	O
prevented	O
assessment	O
of	O
TRALI	B-DISO
in	O
14	O
patients	O
.	O

Only	O
2	O
reactions	O
(	O
1	O
mild	O
/	O
moderate	O
and	O
1	O
severe	O
)	O
were	O
reported	O
to	O
the	O
regional	O
blood	B-ANAT
collection	O
facility	O
.	O

The	O
carboxy	B-CHED
terminus	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
M	O
has	O
previously	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
extremely	O
sensitive	O
to	O
mutation	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
a	O
virus	B-COMP
-	I-COMP
like	I-COMP
particle	I-COMP
expression	B-PROC
system	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
intact	O
virion	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interaction	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleoprotein	O
with	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
antigens	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
.	O

This	O
result	O
could	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
attributed	O
to	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

Morphological	O
analysis	O
of	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
indicated	O
that	O
cytokinesis	B-PROC
was	O
disrupted	O
,	O
an	O
observation	O
subsequently	O
found	O
in	O
primary	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Over	O
the	O
18	O
h	O
period	O
studied	O
there	O
was	O
progressive	O
improvement	O
in	O
gas	O
exchange	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
shunt	O
and	O
EVLW	O
.	O

Ectoparasites	O
of	O
importance	O
in	O
this	O
group	O
in	O
various	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
include	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
ticks	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
lice	B-DISO
,	O
keds	O
,	O
Oestridae	B-SPEC
,	O
mange	B-DISO
mites	O
and	O
fire	O
ants	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
cystic	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
with	O
hemolytic	B-DISO
uremic	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
occurs	O
usually	O
after	O
long	O
stays	O
(	O
weeks	O
)	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Therapeutic	O
impact	O
of	O
streptococcal	O
and	O
enterococcal	B-DISO
bacteremia	I-DISO
in	O
hematology	O
patients	O
].	O

During	O
16	O
episodes	O
(	O
64	O
%),	O
the	O
bacteremia	B-DISO
occurred	O
within	O
15	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
neutropenia	O
consecutive	O
to	O
antimitotic	B-CHED
chemotherapy	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
nine	O
episodes	O
(	O
36	O
%)	O
it	O
has	O
occurred	O
after	O
a	O
period	O
exceeding	O
15	O
days	O
.	O

Most	O
streptococci	O
(	O
20	O
/	O
21	O
)	O
were	O
oral	B-ANAT
streptococci	O
(	O
ten	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
mitis	I-SPEC
,	O
five	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
oralis	I-SPEC
,	O
two	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
sanguis	I-SPEC
,	O
three	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
).	O

For	O
three	O
strains	O
,	O
the	O
MICs	O
of	O
amoxicillin	B-CHED
and	O
cefotaxime	B-CHED
(	O
8	O
-	O
16	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
and	O
8	O
-	O
32	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
were	O
higher	O
.	O

Isoforms	O
of	O
murine	B-PRGE
CEACAM1	I-PRGE
serve	I-PRGE
as	O
receptors	O
for	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Tympanometry	O
was	O
designated	O
as	O
abnormal	O
with	O
peak	O
pressure	O
of	O
<	O
or	O
=-	O
100	O
daPa	B-CHED
or	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
50	O
daPa	B-CHED
and	O
/	O
or	O
a	O
compliance	O
peak	O
of	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
cm	O
(	O
3	O
).	O

Reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
was	O
positive	O
for	O
a	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
56	O
(	O
65	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
86	O
illnesses	O
.	O

Transient	O
negative	O
middle	B-ANAT
ear	I-ANAT
pressure	O
occurred	O
in	O
two	O
thirds	O
of	O
uncomplicated	O
colds	B-DISO
in	O
healthy	O
children	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
),	O
immunohistochemistry	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
were	O
compared	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

Antigen	B-CHED
and	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
15	O
/	O
15	O
,	O
13	O
/	O
15	O
,	O
and	O
14	O
/	O
15	O
of	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
pigs	B-SPEC
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
immunohistochemistry	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Neither	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
nor	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
mock	O
-	O
infected	O
control	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
identified	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
more	O
frequently	O
than	O
the	O
other	O
methods	O
,	O
when	O
only	O
formalin	B-CHED
-	O
fixed	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
are	O
submitted	O
,	O
immunohistochemistry	O
and	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
would	O
be	O
useful	O
methods	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
.	O

Purified	O
fgl2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
generated	O
in	O
a	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
system	O
had	O
no	O
measurable	O
prothrombinase	B-PRGE
activity	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
activity	O
was	O
restored	O
when	O
the	O
purified	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
reconstituted	O
into	O
phosphatidyl	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
L	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
serine	I-CHED
-	O
containing	O
vesicles	B-COMP
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
fgl2	B-PRGE
prothrombinase	I-PRGE
activity	O
was	O
not	O
inhibited	O
by	O
antithrombin	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
,	O
soybean	B-PRGE
trypsin	B-ENZY
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
4	O
-	O
aminobenzamidine	O
,	O
aprotinin	B-PRGE
,	O
or	O
phenylmethylsulfonyl	B-CHED
fluoride	I-CHED
,	O
whereas	O
diisopropylfluorophosphate	B-CHED
completely	O
abrogated	O
the	O
activity	O
.	O

Electromyography	O
revealed	O
pronounced	O
denervation	O
activity	O
and	O
markedly	O
slow	O
nerve	B-ANAT
conduction	B-PROC
velocity	I-PROC
(	O
3	O
m	O
/	O
s	O
)	O
with	O
evidence	O
of	O
conduction	B-PROC
block	O
.	O

In	O
spite	O
of	O
a	O
high	O
rate	O
of	O
community	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
,	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
NVRI	O
with	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
appears	O
low	O
in	O
neonates	O
,	O
HCoV	O
being	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
pathogen	O
of	O
NRVI	O
in	O
neonates	O
during	O
this	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
childhood	O
is	O
a	O
rare	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
still	O
plagued	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
4	O
(	O
3	O
)/	O
12	O
year	O
old	O
boy	O
,	O
who	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
lymphatic	I-DISO
leukaemia	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
frequency	O
of	O
isolation	O
of	O
viridans	O
streptococci	O
from	O
the	O
blood	O
of	O
neutropenic	O
patients	O
with	O
cancer	B-DISO
has	O
significantly	O
increased	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
10	O
-	O
15	O
years	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
occurs	O
most	O
frequently	O
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
aspiration	B-DISO
of	O
gastric	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
,	O
trauma	O
,	O
or	O
multiple	O
transfusions	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggested	O
that	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
,	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
,	O
activated	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
,	O
which	O
subsequently	O
phosphorylated	O
eIF4E	B-PRGE
to	O
efficiently	O
translate	O
certain	O
host	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
including	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
during	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
severe	O
host	B-COMP
protein	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
inhibition	I-PROC
.	O

MHV	B-SPEC
utilized	O
this	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
-	O
dependent	O
increase	O
in	O
eIF4E	B-PRGE
phosphorylation	B-PROC
to	O
promote	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
protein	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
subsequent	O
progeny	O
virus	B-SPEC
production	O
.	O

Positive	O
staining	O
observed	O
on	O
nonpermeabilized	O
cells	B-COMP
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
may	O
get	O
transported	O
to	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
,	O
but	O
no	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
out	O
of	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
observed	O
.	O

Sequence	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
16	O
-	O
kDa	O
protein	B-CHED
with	O
the	O
equivalent	O
products	O
of	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
showed	O
multiple	O
conserved	O
cysteine	B-CHED
residues	O
,	O
and	O
site	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
directed	I-PROC
mutagenesis	I-PROC
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
these	O
conserved	O
residues	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
dimerization	O
of	O
the	O
16	O
-	O
kDa	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Reverse	O
transcriptase	O
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assays	O
have	O
proved	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
rat	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
RCV	O
)	O
in	O
acutely	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
contaminated	O
biomaterials	O
.	O

Fluorogenic	O
nuclease	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
combine	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
with	O
an	O
internal	O
fluorogenic	O
hybridization	B-PROC
probe	O
,	O
thereby	O
eliminating	O
post	O
-	O
PCR	O
processing	O
and	O
potentially	O
enhancing	O
specificity	O
.	O

Primer	O
and	O
probe	O
sequences	O
were	O
selected	O
from	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
segment	O
that	O
encodes	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
that	O
is	O
highly	O
conserved	O
among	O
rodent	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Use	O
of	O
the	O
fluorogenic	O
nuclease	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
detected	O
all	O
strains	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
and	O
RCV	O
that	O
were	O
evaluated	O
,	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
detect	O
other	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
naturally	O
infect	O
rodents	B-SPEC
.	O

Use	O
of	O
the	O
assay	O
detected	O
as	O
little	O
as	O
two	O
femtograms	O
of	O
in	O
vitro	O
transcribed	O
RNA	O
generated	O
from	O
cloned	O
amplicon	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
compared	O
directly	O
with	O
mouse	O
antibody	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
tests	O
,	O
had	O
similar	O
sensitivity	O
at	O
detecting	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
in	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
lysates	O
.	O

Surgical	O
complications	O
are	O
amenable	O
to	O
surgical	O
treatment	O
during	O
ECLS	O
and	O
bleeding	B-DISO
problems	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
controlled	O
.	O

Because	O
R	O
(	O
rs	O
)	O
is	O
substantially	O
increased	O
,	O
long	O
expiratory	B-PROC
times	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
yield	O
complete	O
exhalation	B-PROC
.	O

Far	O
-	O
reaching	B-PROC
or	O
even	O
complete	O
normalization	O
of	O
the	O
PL	O
profile	O
,	O
the	O
LA	O
fraction	O
and	O
its	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
and	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
(	O
but	O
not	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
)	O
content	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
fatty	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
composition	O
of	O
the	O
phosphatidylcholine	B-CHED
class	B-SPEC
was	O
noted	O
.	O

Surface	O
tension	B-DISO
lowering	O
properties	O
(	O
gammamin	O
and	O
gammaads	O
)	O
significantly	O
improved	O
,	O
but	O
were	O
still	O
not	O
fully	O
normalized	O
.	O

Direct	O
laryngoscopic	O
findings	O
included	O
arytenoid	B-ANAT
edema	B-DISO
,	O
postcricoid	B-ANAT
ulceration	B-DISO
and	O
bilateral	O
vocal	B-DISO
cord	I-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
in	O
adduction	O
.	O

Srr7A	O
and	O
srr7B	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
showed	O
high	O
fusogenicity	O
in	O
both	O
BHK	O
-	O
R1	O
and	O
BHK	O
-	O
R2	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
like	O
the	O
wt	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
srr7Aa	O
and	O
srr7Ba	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
had	O
mutations	O
in	O
S1N330	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
but	O
not	O
at	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
1114	O
,	O
exhibited	O
profoundly	O
reduced	O
fusion	O
activity	O
in	O
these	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
physiopathology	O
of	O
each	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
approach	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
leukopheresis	O
as	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
alternative	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
hyperleukocytosis	O
and	O
leukostasis	B-DISO
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

We	O
effectively	O
and	O
safely	O
used	O
IPP	O
in	O
our	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
many	O
with	O
issues	O
generally	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
contraindications	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
FeLV	O
was	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
per	O
cent	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
per	O
cent	O
in	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
6	O
.	O
9	O
per	O
cent	O
in	O
sick	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
FIV	B-SPEC
was	O
10	O
.	O
4	O
per	O
cent	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
per	O
cent	O
in	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
16	O
.	O
7	O
per	O
cent	O
in	O
sick	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
assessed	O
hormonal	O
responses	O
to	O
ergotamine	B-CHED
in	O
heat	O
-	O
sensitive	O
and	O
heat	O
-	O
tolerant	O
cattle	B-SPEC
.	O

Ergotamine	B-CHED
reduced	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
plasma	B-ANAT
LH	O
and	O
increased	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
growth	B-FUNC
hormone	I-FUNC
concentrations	O
in	O
Brahman	O
.	O

The	O
magnitude	O
of	O
response	O
for	O
cortisol	B-CHED
,	O
insulin	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
glucose	B-CHED
were	O
greater	O
for	O
the	O
Brahman	O
.	O

Acute	O
ergotamine	B-CHED
exposure	O
generally	O
resulted	O
in	O
similar	O
effects	O
on	O
Brahman	O
and	O
Hereford	O
steers	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Site	O
-	O
specific	O
recombination	B-PROC
in	O
eukaryotic	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
mediated	O
by	O
mutant	B-DISO
lambda	O
integrases	O
:	O
implications	O
for	O
synaptic	O
complex	O
formation	O
and	O
the	O
reactivity	O
of	O
episomal	O
DNA	O
segments	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
one	O
recombination	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
in	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
involves	O
mutant	B-DISO
integrases	O
bound	O
solely	O
at	O
core	O
sites	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
reminiscent	O
of	O
the	O
Flp	B-PRGE
/	O
FRT	B-PRGE
and	O
Cre	O
/	O
loxP	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neither	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
nor	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
required	O
for	O
CNS	B-CHED
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
persistently	O
infected	O
with	O
MHV	O
-	O
A59	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
A59	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
results	O
in	O
CNS	B-CHED
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
susceptible	O
strains	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
mice	B-SPEC
lacking	O
antibody	B-COMP
receptors	O
or	O
complement	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
activity	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
persist	O
yet	O
demyelination	B-DISO
was	O
similar	O
to	O
parental	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
pheasants	O
.	O

Sinusitis	B-DISO
was	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
pasteurella	B-SPEC
cultured	O
from	O
the	O
sinus	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
avian	B-SPEC
pneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
APV	B-SPEC
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
as	O
detected	O
by	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
PCR	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
association	O
between	O
disease	O
and	O
APV	B-SPEC
as	O
detected	O
by	O
PCR	O
.	O

Avian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
detected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
following	O
postoperative	O
epididymitis	B-DISO
].	O

The	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
condition	B-DISO
continued	O
to	O
deteriorate	O
and	O
we	O
suspected	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
left	O
epididymitis	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
note	O
that	O
patients	O
with	O
SIRS	B-DISO
should	O
undergo	O
further	O
examinations	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
immediately	O
and	O
resection	O
of	O
the	O
causative	O
tissue	B-ANAT
should	O
be	O
performed	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antigenic	O
relationship	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
isolates	O
from	O
different	O
geographic	O
locations	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Reactivity	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
unrelated	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
with	O
different	O
TCV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
was	O
all	O
negative	O
,	O
except	O
positive	O
response	O
was	O
seen	O
between	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
a	O
TCV	B-SPEC
western	O
North	O
Carolina	O
isolate	O
,	O
suggesting	O
coinfection	B-DISO
of	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
with	O
TCV	B-SPEC
and	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
that	O
particular	O
case	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Reports	O
about	O
anaphylactic	O
and	O
anaphylactoid	B-DISO
reactions	I-DISO
to	O
rocuronium	O
have	O
increased	O
recently	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
(	O
HFO	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
widely	O
used	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilatory	O
strategy	O
in	O
paediatric	O
and	O
neonatal	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Botulinum	O
toxin	O
produces	O
a	O
descending	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
.	O

Ammonia	B-CHED
,	O
chlorine	B-CHED
,	O
vinyl	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
,	O
phosgene	B-CHED
,	O
sulfur	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
nitrogen	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
,	O
tear	B-ANAT
gas	B-ENZY
,	O
and	O
zinc	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
primarily	O
injure	O
the	O
upper	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
and	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
dietary	O
arginine	B-CHED
on	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
population	O
changes	O
were	O
examined	O
in	O
the	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
with	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
strain	O
M41	O
.	O

MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
triggers	O
a	O
robust	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
response	O
in	O
which	O
both	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
essential	O
in	O
controlling	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
spread	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
obesity	O
-	O
hypoventilation	O
syndrome	O
(	O
or	O
alveolar	B-DISO
hypoventilation	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
obese	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
name	B-SPEC
for	O
an	O
old	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
Pickwickian	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
is	O
frequent	O
but	O
not	O
constant	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
bovine	B-PRGE
serum	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
as	O
an	O
oral	B-ANAT
support	O
therapy	O
following	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
challenge	O
in	O
calves	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
bovine	B-SPEC
-	O
serum	B-COMP
supplemented	O
milk	O
replacer	O
may	O
decrease	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
in	O
young	O
calves	O
exposed	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Purification	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
Sephacryl	O
size	O
-	O
exclusion	O
chromatography	O
.	O

The	O
purification	O
methods	O
included	O
sucrose	B-CHED
gradient	O
and	O
Sephacryl	O
S	O
-	O
1000	O
size	O
-	O
exclusion	O
chromatography	O
.	O

Ultracentrifugation	O
through	O
a	O
cushion	O
of	O
60	O
%	O
sucrose	B-CHED
solution	O
was	O
better	O
than	O
the	O
other	O
two	O
methods	O
for	O
concentration	O
of	O
TCoV	O
from	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
homogenate	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
effective	O
method	O
for	O
purifying	O
TCoV	O
and	O
removing	O
extraneous	O
materials	O
was	O
size	O
-	O
exclusion	O
chromatography	O
as	O
analyzed	O
by	O
sodium	B-CHED
dodecyl	I-CHED
sulfate	I-CHED
-	O
polyacrylamide	B-CHED
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
.	O

Virulent	O
BCV	B-SPEC
was	O
actively	O
introduced	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
groups	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
a	O
transmitter	O
calf	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
malaria	B-PATH
and	O
TB	O
are	O
important	O
infections	B-DISO
that	O
predispose	O
patients	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
tropics	O
.	O

Interactions	O
involving	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
and	O
the	O
alpha	O
-	O
helical	O
domain	O
stabilize	O
the	O
loop	O
in	O
the	O
orientation	O
required	O
for	O
trans	O
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
activity	O
.	O

The	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
showed	O
bilateral	O
miliary	O
shadows	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Granulocyte	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
macrophage	B-ANAT
colony	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
stimulating	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
GM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
)	O
stimulates	O
hemopoiesis	B-PROC
and	O
effector	B-CHED
functions	O
of	O
granulocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-PROC
homeostasis	I-PROC
.	O

Mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
PEEP	B-CHED
are	O
still	O
important	O
components	O
of	O
supportive	O
therapy	O
.	O

Two	O
weeks	O
later	O
,	O
she	O
developed	O
progressive	O
flaccid	B-DISO
quadriplegia	I-DISO
and	O
facial	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
OBJECTIVE	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenic	O
role	O
of	O
macrophage	B-PRGE
migration	B-PROC
inhibitory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
MIF	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
METHODS	O
The	O
serum	B-COMP
level	O
of	O
MIF	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
normal	O
persons	O
were	O
measured	O
by	O
ELISA	O
method	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
The	O
serum	B-COMP
level	O
of	O
MIF	O
increased	O
significantly	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
normal	O
persons	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
marked	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
MIF	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
and	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
ARDS	B-DISO
macro	O
phages	O
infiltrated	B-DISO
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
space	O
and	O
interstitium	B-ANAT
,	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
also	O
expressed	B-PROC
MIF	B-PRGE
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
The	O
serum	B-COMP
level	O
of	O
MIF	B-PRGE
and	O
PBMC	B-PRGE
MIF	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
increased	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
enhanced	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
MIF	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
suggests	O
that	O
MIF	O
plays	O
a	O
pivotal	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
reperfusion	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
after	O
double	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

Notwithstanding	O
the	O
patient	O
received	O
support	O
from	O
cardiovascular	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vasodilators	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
by	O
-	O
pass	O
was	O
necessary	O
.	O

One	O
possibility	O
is	O
that	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
specific	O
for	O
the	O
inciting	O
microbial	O
pathogen	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
effect	O
demyelination	B-DISO
at	O
a	O
site	O
of	O
ongoing	O
inflammation	B-DISO
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

Using	O
transgenic	O
TCR	B-COMP
/	O
recombination	B-PROC
activation	O
gene	O
2	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
only	O
non	O
-	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
cause	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
cognate	O
Ag	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
only	O
if	O
specifically	O
activated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coagulation	B-PROC
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
acute	O
inflammatory	O
insults	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
fibrin	B-DISO
deposition	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
parenchyma	B-ANAT
,	O
vasculature	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
airspaces	O
.	O

Coagulation	B-PROC
becomes	O
activated	O
by	O
circulating	O
endotoxin	O
or	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
a	O
procoagulant	O
state	O
develops	O
in	O
the	O
vascular	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
compartments	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

Fecal	B-ANAT
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
samples	O
from	O
85	O
Ohio	O
Agricultural	O
Research	O
and	O
Development	B-PROC
Center	O
(	O
OARDC	O
)	O
feedlot	O
cattle	B-SPEC
averaging	O
7	O
months	O
of	O
age	O
were	O
collected	O
at	O
arrival	O
(	O
0	O
)	O
and	O
at	O
4	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
14	O
,	O
and	O
21	O
days	O
postarrival	O
(	O
DPA	B-CHED
).	O

Thirty	O
-	O
two	O
cattle	B-SPEC
(	O
38	O
%)	O
showed	O
concurrent	O
enteric	O
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
detected	O
by	O
both	O
tests	O
.	O

The	O
BCV	B-SPEC
fecal	B-ANAT
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
detected	O
by	O
ELISA	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
were	O
statistically	O
correlated	O
with	O
ELISA	O
antibody	B-COMP
seroconversion	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
);	O
however	O
,	O
BCV	B-SPEC
fecal	B-ANAT
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
were	O
not	O
significantly	O
related	O
to	O
clinical	O
signs	O
.	O

Seroconversion	O
to	O
BCV	B-SPEC
was	O
inversely	O
related	O
to	O
average	O
daily	O
weight	O
gains	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
).	O

These	O
findings	O
confirm	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
enteric	O
and	O
respiratory	O
BCV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
feedlot	O
calves	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
fields	O
were	O
anatomically	O
divided	O
according	O
to	O
functional	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
divisions	O
in	O
ten	O
segments	O
on	O
each	O
side	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
pancreatitis	O
is	O
frequently	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
lymphoproliferative	O
assay	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
which	O
mononuclear	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
isolated	O
from	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
at	O
different	O
postinoculation	O
and	O
postchallenge	O
days	O
underwent	O
a	O
secondary	O
in	O
vitro	O
stimulation	O
with	O
semipurified	O
antigen	B-CHED
obtained	O
from	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Aerosolized	O
NONOates	O
have	O
been	O
investigated	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
in	O
acute	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
none	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Ten	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
fulfilling	O
criteria	O
for	O
severe	O
ALI	O
were	O
ventilated	O
with	O
a	O
6	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
Vt	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
PEEP	B-CHED
level	O
at	O
13	O
+/-	O
3	O
cmH	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
and	O
a	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
kept	O
at	O
23	O
+/-	O
4	O
cmH	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
.	O
The	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
was	O
randomly	O
set	O
below	O
20	O
breaths	O
/	O
min	O
(	O
17	O
+/-	O
3	O
breaths	O
/	O
min	O
)	O
and	O
increased	O
to	O
30	O
breaths	O
/	O
min	O
(	O
30	O
+/-	O
3	O
breaths	O
/	O
min	O
)	O
to	O
compensate	O
for	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
.	O

PEEPi	O
was	O
computed	O
as	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
total	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
external	O
PEEP	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
retained	O
by	O
PEEPi	O
was	O
then	O
measured	O
.	O

Drugs	O
for	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
support	O
were	O
infused	O
in	O
59	O
patients	O
(	O
89	O
%)	O
during	O
transfer	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
VA	O
ECMO	O
in	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
patients	O
has	O
expanded	O
from	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
intraoperative	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
bypass	O
and	O
now	O
includes	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
during	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
,	O
temporary	O
circulatory	B-PROC
support	O
for	O
reversible	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
bridge	O
support	O
preceding	O
heart	B-ANAT
or	O
heart	B-ANAT
/	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

She	O
underwent	O
successful	O
electrophysiologic	O
mapping	O
and	O
transcatheter	O
radiofrequency	O
ablation	O
of	O
an	O
accessory	O
conduction	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
termination	O
of	O
the	O
tachycardia	O
.	O

The	O
case	O
illustrates	O
the	O
proactive	O
use	O
of	O
ECMO	O
during	O
a	O
procedure	O
in	O
which	O
severe	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
could	O
be	O
predicted	O
.	O

A	O
19	O
-	O
yr	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
with	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
and	O
flame	O
burns	O
to	O
50	O
%	O
total	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
surface	I-ANAT
area	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
Ross	O
Tilley	O
Burn	O
Centre	O
.	O

On	O
day	O
nine	O
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
ventilation	O
was	O
severely	O
compromised	O
and	O
was	O
characterized	O
by	O
hypercapnea	O
(	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
136	O
mmHg	O
)	O
and	O
acidosis	B-DISO
(	O
pH	O
7	O
.	O
10	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Three	O
unrecognized	O
field	O
isolates	O
of	O
Infectious	O
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
recovered	O
from	O
commercial	O
broiler	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
live	O
Mass	O
viral	O
strain	O
(	O
H120	O
).	O

These	O
isolates	O
were	O
identified	O
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
using	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
produced	O
against	O
reference	O
serotypes	O
:	O
Mass	O
,	O
Conn	O
,	O
and	O
Ark	B-PRGE
.	O
RT	O
-	O
PCRs	O
were	O
performed	O
on	O
viral	O
RNAs	O
to	O
amplify	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
using	O
a	O
specific	O
set	O
of	O
primers	O
S1OLIGO3	O
'	O
and	O
S1OLIGO5	O
'.	O

It	O
is	O
speculated	O
that	O
cysteine	B-CHED
residue	I-CHED
located	O
upstream	O
and	O
downstream	O
of	O
Cys	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Ser	B-COMP
-	I-PRGE
Asn	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
Ala	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
Ser	B-COMP
-	I-PRGE
Cys	B-CHED
segment	I-PRGE
might	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
loop	O
structure	O
and	O
disulfide	B-CHED
bond	O
that	O
could	O
trigger	O
important	O
epitope	B-CHED
changes	O
.	O

More	O
TRALI	B-DISO
cases	O
are	O
unrecognized	O
and	O
misdiagnosed	O
due	O
to	O
lack	O
of	O
suspicion	O
and	O
absence	O
of	O
appropriate	O
investigation	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
10	O
U	O
of	O
plasma	O
used	O
,	O
one	O
was	O
from	O
a	O
multiparous	O
female	O
donor	B-CHED
with	O
HLA	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
reactive	O
with	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
granulocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
immunofluorescence	O
and	O
agglutination	B-PROC
assays	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
emphasizes	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
physicians	O
and	O
apheresis	O
staff	O
should	O
consider	O
TRALI	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
for	O
patients	O
developing	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
during	O
or	O
soon	O
after	O
the	O
procedure	O
.	O

The	O
relative	O
abundance	O
of	O
mtDNA	B-COMP
was	O
determined	O
by	O
co	O
-	O
amplifying	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
D	O
-	O
loop	O
versus	O
the	O
rat	B-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
actin	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
major	O
complications	O
were	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
hypotension	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
disfunction	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
).	O

Gerhardt	O
'	O
s	O
syndrome	B-DISO
frequently	O
induces	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
requiring	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
might	O
be	O
mistaken	O
for	O
a	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
asthma	I-DISO
attack	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
immune	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
after	O
lethal	O
neutron	B-CHED
irradiation	O
in	O
a	O
JCO	O
nuclear	O
facility	O
accident	O
victim	O
.	O

Brain	B-ANAT
imaging	O
revealed	O
ischemic	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
basal	B-ANAT
ganglia	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
isolated	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
to	O
take	O
up	O
glucose	B-CHED
and	O
to	O
release	B-PATH
lactate	B-CHED
is	O
potentially	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
other	O
body	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
.	O

Nonetheless	O
,	O
when	O
lung	B-ANAT
lactate	B-CHED
exchange	O
was	O
assess	O
in	O
vivo	O
in	O
normal	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
no	O
measurable	O
lactate	B-CHED
production	O
could	O
be	O
detected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Only	O
few	O
data	O
concerning	O
weaning	B-PROC
by	O
nasal	B-ANAT
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NPPV	O
)	O
are	O
available	O
,	O
and	O
successful	O
weaning	B-PROC
by	O
using	O
NPPV	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
severe	O
complications	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
described	O
.	O

The	O
3	O
'-	O
terminal	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
prototype	O
HEV	B-SPEC
-	O
67N	O
strain	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
Québec	O
IAF	O
-	O
404	O
field	O
isolate	O
,	O
both	O
propagated	O
in	O
HRT	O
-	O
18	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
were	O
sequenced	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
localized	O
a	O
conserved	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immunodominant	O
epitope	B-CHED
(	O
IDE	B-CHED
)	O
spanning	O
residues	O
447	O
to	O
455	O
and	O
successfully	O
generated	O
a	O
recombinant	O
NDV	B-SPEC
lacking	O
the	O
IDE	B-CHED
by	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
.	O

After	O
withdrawing	O
the	O
analgo	O
-	O
sedation	B-DISO
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
vigilance	O
rose	B-SPEC
continuously	O
.	O

Chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
were	O
inoculated	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
(	O
chorioallantoic	O
sac	B-COMP
)	O
with	O
the	O
Arkansas	O
(	O
Ark	O
)	O
serotype	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
at	O
18	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
8	O
different	O
strains	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
representing	O
7	O
different	O
serotypes	O
at	O
17	O
days	O
of	O
embryonation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
in	O
a	O
juvenile	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
(	O
Camelus	B-SPEC
dromedarius	I-SPEC
).	O

The	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
was	O
attributed	O
to	O
a	O
neutrophilic	B-PROC
and	O
emphysematous	O
colitis	B-DISO
that	O
likely	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
Clostridium	B-SPEC
sp	O
.	O

The	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
)	O
model	O
produces	O
focal	O
areas	O
of	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
demyelination	B-DISO
with	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
both	O
models	O
,	O
FGF2	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
is	O
upregulated	O
in	O
areas	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
in	O
both	O
models	O
,	O
oligodendrocyte	B-ANAT
repopulation	O
of	O
demyelinated	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
was	O
significantly	O
increased	O
in	O
FGF2	B-PRGE
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
compared	O
with	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
even	O
surpassed	O
the	O
oligodendrocyte	B-ANAT
density	O
of	O
nonlesioned	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Standard	O
counting	O
methods	O
do	O
not	O
distinguish	O
between	O
leukocytosis	B-DISO
,	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
sequestration	O
,	O
and	O
activation	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
18FDG	O
uptake	O
uniquely	O
showed	O
that	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
and	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
neutrophil	B-DISO
migration	I-DISO
and	O
activation	O
occurred	O
in	O
severe	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
mild	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
clinical	O
correlations	O
between	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
severity	O
of	O
underlying	O
systemic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
often	O
is	O
a	O
fatal	O
complication	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
injury	O
and	O
the	O
bacterial	O
challenge	O
,	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
ventilated	O
mechanically	O
with	O
100	O
%	O
oxygen	B-CHED
.	O

On	O
admission	O
,	O
hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
nephrotic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
hypocomplementemia	B-DISO
were	O
evident	O
together	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
titer	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
streptokinase	O
(	O
ASK	B-PRGE
).	O

Many	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
infiltrating	B-DISO
cells	B-COMP
were	O
positive	O
for	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
,	O
but	O
their	O
number	O
diminished	O
after	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
mediates	O
degree	O
of	O
viral	O
spread	O
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
how	O
alterations	O
in	O
spike	O
affect	O
neurovirulence	O
using	O
two	O
isogenic	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
differing	O
exclusively	O
in	O
spike	O
.	O

Main	O
causes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
9	O
/	O
16	O
)	O
and	O
burn	O
injuries	O
(	O
4	O
/	O
16	O
).	O

Within	O
4	O
h	O
of	O
HFOV	O
,	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
/	O
FIo2	O
increased	O
to	O
17	O
.	O
3	O
(	O
SD	O
5	O
.	O
9	O
)	O
kPa	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
016	O
).	O

Seven	O
contiguous	O
cDNA	O
clones	O
that	O
spanned	O
the	O
31	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
kb	O
MHV	B-SPEC
genome	O
were	O
isolated	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
the	O
molecularly	O
cloned	O
viruses	B-SPEC
contained	O
three	O
marker	O
mutations	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
engineered	O
component	O
clones	O
.	O

Postmortem	O
tissues	B-ANAT
were	O
stained	O
using	O
the	O
Verhoeff	O
-	O
Van	O
Gieson	O
procedure	O
for	O
elastic	B-COMP
fibers	I-COMP
,	O
and	O
with	O
Congo	B-CHED
red	I-CHED
for	O
examination	O
under	O
a	O
polarizing	O
microscope	O
.	O

These	O
enlarged	O
viruses	B-SPEC
should	O
be	O
easier	O
to	O
remove	O
by	O
nanofiltration	O
than	O
naked	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

One	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
percent	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
or	O
1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
percent	I-PRGE
albumin	I-PRGE
solutions	O
were	O
spiked	O
with	O
bovine	O
enterovirus	O
(	O
BEV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
filtered	O
through	O
50	O
-	O
nm	O
filters	O
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
cross	O
-	O
reacts	O
with	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
pooled	O
human	B-SPEC
IgG	B-PRGE
solutions	O
but	O
persists	O
as	O
free	O
virions	B-COMP
in	O
albumin	B-PRGE
solutions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
severe	O
and	O
generalized	O
monophasic	O
event	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
likely	O
that	O
there	O
will	O
be	O
evidence	O
of	O
compromised	O
reserve	O
in	O
all	O
end	O
organs	O
if	O
one	O
looks	O
hard	O
enough	O
for	O
it	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
stably	O
expressing	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
under	O
the	O
CMV	B-SPEC
promoter	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
since	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
a	O
purified	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
rat	B-PRGE
liver	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
do	O
react	O
with	O
its	O
homologous	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
this	O
antiserum	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
positive	O
control	O
avoiding	O
the	O
manipulation	O
of	O
samples	O
from	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
studies	O
of	O
molecular	O
epizootiology	O
reveal	O
a	O
strong	O
probability	O
that	O
the	O
vaccination	O
had	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
vaccine	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
causing	O
various	O
disease	O
manifestations	O
and	O
a	O
confusing	O
epizootiological	O
situation	O
in	O
the	O
poultry	O
population	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Systemic	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
particulate	O
matter	O
air	B-CHED
pollution	O
:	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
bone	O
-	O
marrow	O
stimulation	O
.	O

The	O
kinetics	O
and	O
distribution	O
of	O
TUNEL	O
staining	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
pathologic	O
damage	O
and	O
colocalized	O
with	O
viral	O
antigen	O
in	O
some	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
is	O
not	O
dependent	O
on	O
efficient	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
cleavage	I-PROC
and	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
to	O
-	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

Our	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
spike	O
is	O
not	O
solely	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
at	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
,	O
but	O
may	O
also	O
depend	O
on	O
sequences	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
.	O

Inhaled	B-PROC
NO	O
was	O
started	O
at	O
20	O
ppm	O
and	O
weaned	B-PROC
to	O
5	O
ppm	O
over	O
24	O
-	O
48	O
hours	O
.	O

15	O
.	O
8	O
years	O
)	O
presented	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
(	O
Pa	O
(	O
O2	O
)/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
ratio	O
=	O
156	O
+/-	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
of	O
IAEP	O
are	O
compatible	O
with	O
a	O
duration	O
of	O
symptoms	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
1	O
month	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
is	O
not	O
diagnostic	O
because	O
of	O
possible	O
spontaneous	B-PROC
recovery	I-PROC
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
IAEP	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
eosinophilia	B-DISO
obviates	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
in	O
IAEP	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
most	O
frequent	O
manifestations	O
of	O
heteroplasmic	O
mitochondrial	O
DNA	O
(	O
mtDNA	B-COMP
)	O
mutation	O
8993	O
T	O
>	O
G	O
are	O
Leigh	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
or	O
NARP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
Neurogenic	O
Muscle	B-DISO
Weakness	I-DISO
,	O
Ataxia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
Retinitis	B-DISO
Pigmentosa	I-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
on	O
ventilation	O
-	O
induced	O
mediator	O
release	B-PATH
in	O
isolated	O
perfused	O
mouse	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
human	B-SPEC
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complication	I-DISO
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
.	O

Recently	O
it	O
was	O
shown	O
that	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
reduces	O
mortality	O
and	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
mediator	O
release	B-PATH
in	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
suggesting	O
biotrauma	O
as	O
a	O
side	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
identified	O
from	O
the	O
registry	O
of	O
a	O
Level	O
I	O
trauma	O
center	O
over	O
a	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
.	O

We	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
soluble	B-PRGE
form	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
MHV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
soMHVR	O
)	O
transformed	O
a	O
nonfusogenic	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
into	O
a	O
fusogenic	O
one	O
(	O
F	O
.	O
Taguchi	O
and	O
S	O
.	O
Matsuyama	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
Virol	O
.	O

soMHVR	O
induced	O
conformational	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
wt	O
)	O
JHMV	O
cl	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
revertants	O
from	O
srr7	O
,	O
srr7A	O
and	O
srr7B	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
a	O
major	O
proportion	O
of	O
these	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
resistant	O
to	O
proteinase	B-ENZY
K	I-ENZY
even	O
without	O
soMHVR	O
treatment	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
on	O
receptor	O
-	O
induced	O
conformational	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
anchored	O
fragment	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

He	O
concluded	O
that	O
these	O
changes	O
were	O
caused	O
by	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
and	O
were	O
not	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
SIDS	B-DISO
.	O

He	O
noted	O
an	O
absence	O
of	O
astrogliosis	B-DISO
in	O
some	O
older	O
SIDS	B-DISO
victims	O
,	O
compatible	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
,	O
terminal	O
episode	O
of	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
without	O
previous	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
episodes	O
,	O
prenatal	O
or	O
postnatal	O
.	O

The	O
major	O
issue	O
is	O
when	O
did	O
the	O
brainstem	B-ANAT
abnormalities	O
,	O
astrogliosis	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
neurotransmitter	B-CHED
changes	O
occur	O
and	O
whether	O
either	O
is	O
specific	O
to	O
SIDS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
is	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
delay	O
until	O
the	O
postneonatal	O
period	O
of	O
most	O
SIDS	B-DISO
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
feline	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
hamster	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
became	O
permissive	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
after	O
transfection	B-PROC
with	O
a	O
fAPN	B-PRGE
cDNA	I-PRGE
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
feline	B-PRGE
APN	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

The	O
cows	B-SPEC
received	O
2	O
intramuscular	O
injections	O
of	O
vaccine	O
(	O
2	O
mL	O
)	O
at	O
3	O
-	O
week	O
intervals	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
this	O
vaccine	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
winter	B-DISO
dysentery	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
usefulness	O
of	O
genetic	O
detection	O
of	O
FCoV	O
using	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
and	O
nested	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
/	O
nPCR	B-PRGE
)	O
for	O
viral	O
screening	O
was	O
investigated	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
four	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
positive	O
using	O
RT	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
nPCR	I-PRGE
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Serology	O
did	O
not	O
correlate	O
with	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
because	O
13	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
seronegative	O
to	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
but	O
positive	O
using	O
RT	O
/	O
nPCR	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
the	O
highly	O
conserved	O
region	O
II	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
detected	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
swabs	O
from	O
18	O
/	O
21	O
estates	O
.	O

A	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
was	O
positive	O
with	O
13	O
/	O
21	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
.	O

Further	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
revealed	O
that	O
it	O
contained	O
genes	O
3	O
and	O
5	O
that	O
are	O
typical	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
but	O
absent	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
groups	O
of	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Persistent	O
adenoviral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
need	O
not	O
be	O
accompanied	O
by	O
any	O
special	O
clinical	O
symptomatology	O
.	O

Variety	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
with	O
controversial	O
effects	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
management	O
of	O
adenoviral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
immunocompromised	O
persons	O
.	O

Urinary	O
samples	O
were	O
taken	O
on	O
admission	O
and	O
at	O
6	O
-	O
hour	O
intervals	O
for	O
48	O
h	O
,	O
then	O
every	O
12	O
h	O
up	O
to	O
72	O
h	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
daily	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
5	O
days	O
for	O
measurement	O
of	O
the	O
activation	O
peptide	B-CHED
of	O
sPLA	O
(	O
2	O
)-	O
I	O
(	O
pro	O
-	O
phosphatase	B-FUNC
A	O
(	O
2	O
);	O
PROP	O
)	O
and	O
trypsinogen	B-PRGE
activation	I-PRGE
peptide	B-CHED
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
There	O
were	O
18	O
,	O
133	O
patients	O
identified	O
,	O
and	O
544	O
were	O
excluded	O
because	O
of	O
early	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
have	O
investigated	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
this	O
remarkable	O
conservation	O
by	O
rearrangement	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
genome	O
through	O
targeted	B-PROC
recombination	B-PROC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
prepared	O
with	O
the	O
following	O
gene	O
order	B-SPEC
:	O
5	O
'-	O
pol	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
M	O
-	O
E	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
3	O
',	O
5	O
'-	O
pol	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
E	O
-	O
M	O
-	O
3	O
',	O
5	O
'-	O
pol	O
-	O
M	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
E	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
3	O
',	O
and	O
5	O
'-	O
pol	O
-	O
E	O
-	O
M	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
3	O
'.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
targeted	B-PROC
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
was	O
attempted	O
to	O
substitute	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
and	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
corresponding	O
sequences	O
from	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
redirects	O
our	O
current	O
approach	O
of	O
utilizing	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
targeted	B-PROC
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
means	O
to	O
study	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genetics	O
towards	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNA	O
clone	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
and	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
iNO	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
AHRF	B-DISO
),	O
but	O
their	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
AHRF	B-DISO
remains	O
unknown	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
then	O
randomized	O
to	O
treatment	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
iNO	B-PRGE
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
change	O
in	O
Pao	B-PROC
/	O
Fio	O
ratio	O
was	O
greatest	O
in	O
the	O
HFOV	O
plus	O
iNO	O
group	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
treatment	O
groups	O
at	O
4	O
hrs	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
=.	O
02	O
)	O
and	O
12	O
hrs	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
=.	O
01	O
).	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
HFOV	O
with	O
iNO	B-PRGE
causes	O
a	O
greater	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
than	O
either	O
treatment	O
strategy	O
alone	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
severe	O
AHRF	O
.	O

Main	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
;	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
was	O
uncommon	O
.	O

Independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
72	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
admission	O
emphasize	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
both	O
extrapulmonary	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
factors	O
together	O
with	O
preexisting	O
severe	O
illnesses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
the	O
epitope	B-CHED
region	O
capable	O
of	O
inducing	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
sequence	O
information	O
for	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
).	O

The	O
prone	O
position	O
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
significant	O
proportion	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Proventriculus	B-ANAT
and	O
gizzard	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
all	O
embryos	B-ANAT
and	O
routinely	O
processed	O
for	O
microscopic	O
and	O
ultrastructural	O
examinations	O
.	O

During	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
multiple	O
subgenomic	O
(	O
sg	O
)	O
mRNAs	O
are	O
transcribed	O
from	O
a	O
mirror	O
set	O
of	O
sg	O
negative	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
templates	O
.	O

The	O
sg	O
mRNAs	O
all	O
possess	B-DISO
a	O
short	O
5	O
'	O
common	O
leader	O
sequence	O
,	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surfactant	B-CHED
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
infants	O
and	O
children	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Larger	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
studies	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
treatment	O
on	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Surfactant	B-CHED
dysfunction	O
probably	O
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
severe	O
paediatric	O
ARDS	B-DISO
triggered	O
by	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
it	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
surfactant	B-CHED
instillation	O
rapidly	O
improved	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
in	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
affected	O
infants	O
in	O
our	O
study	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alternative	O
strategies	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
newborn	O
--	O
clinical	O
realities	O
.	O

CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
important	O
in	O
amplifying	O
demyelination	B-DISO
by	O
attracting	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
into	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
following	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
governing	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
are	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

Collectively	O
these	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
CCR5	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
is	O
important	O
to	O
migration	B-PROC
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
following	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
recombinant	O
gene	O
technologies	O
by	O
the	O
vaccine	O
industry	O
has	O
revolutionized	O
the	O
way	O
antigens	O
are	O
generated	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
provided	O
safer	O
,	O
more	O
effective	O
means	O
of	O
protecting	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
against	O
bacterial	O
and	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Polypyrimidine	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
tract	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
affects	O
transcription	B-PROC
but	O
not	O
translation	B-PROC
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	O
RNA	O
.	O

To	O
further	O
characterize	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
PTB	B-PRGE
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
dominant	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
negative	I-DISO
mutant	I-DISO
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
that	O
express	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
PTB	O
or	O
a	O
truncated	O
form	O
of	O
PTB	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
includes	O
only	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
retaining	O
its	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
dimerization	O
domain	O
.	O

Given	O
that	O
PTB	B-PRGE
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
replication	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
,	O
PTB	B-PRGE
may	O
exert	B-PROC
its	O
function	O
on	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
/	O
transcription	B-PROC
by	O
association	O
with	O
viral	O
RNA	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
viral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
factors	O
in	O
the	O
replication	O
complex	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
7	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
boy	O
with	O
Down	O
syndrome	O
developed	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
after	O
a	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
with	O
an	O
unusually	O
high	O
agglutination	B-PROC
titre	O
(	O
1	O
:	O
10240	O
).	O

Perforin	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
cytolysis	B-PROC
controls	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
microglia	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
whereas	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
)-	O
gamma	O
regulates	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
oligodendroglia	B-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
reactivates	O
in	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
following	O
viral	O
clearance	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
1	O
(	O
S1	O
)	O
surface	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
major	O
inducer	O
of	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
purified	O
S1	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
elicit	O
a	O
protective	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
virulent	O
virus	B-SPEC
challenge	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
these	O
observations	O
,	O
recombinant	O
fowl	O
poxvirus	B-SPEC
(	O
rFPV	O
)	O
containing	O
a	O
cDNA	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Mass	O
41	O
(	O
rFPV	O
-	O
S1	O
)	O
was	O
constructed	O
and	O
its	O
immunogenicity	O
and	O
vaccine	O
potential	O
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
rFPV	O
-	O
S1	O
has	O
potential	O
as	O
a	O
poultry	O
vaccine	O
against	O
both	O
fowl	B-DISO
pox	I-DISO
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nephropathogenic	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
NIB	O
)	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
28	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)-	O
vaccinated	O
commercial	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
Pennsylvania	O
from	O
December	O
1997	O
to	O
July	O
2000	O
.	O

Confirmatory	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
NIB	O
was	O
made	O
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
immunohistochemical	O
staining	O
of	O
the	O
renal	O
tubular	O
epithelium	B-ANAT
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
.	O

After	O
immunization	O
,	O
the	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
called	O
IgY	O
)	O
are	O
transported	O
to	O
the	O
egg	B-ANAT
yolk	B-COMP
,	O
from	O
which	O
the	O
IgY	O
then	O
can	O
be	O
separated	O
without	O
sacrificing	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

IgY	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
enteric	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
pathogens	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
15	I-FUNC
are	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
important	O
cytokines	O
for	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
dependent	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
are	O
unable	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
upper	O
airway	B-ANAT
,	O
those	O
with	O
severe	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
hypoxaemia	O
,	O
or	O
major	O
associated	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
are	O
unlikely	O
to	O
benefit	O
from	O
this	O
technique	O
.	O

Comparative	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
,	O
like	O
its	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
homologs	O
,	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
has	O
a	O
three	O
-	O
domain	O
organization	O
and	O
is	O
flanked	O
by	O
hydrophobic	O
domains	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
instance	O
,	O
lesions	O
develop	O
from	O
the	O
axon	B-COMP
(	O
inside	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
myelin	B-COMP
(	O
outside	O
)	O
(	O
Inside	O
-	O
Out	O
model	O
).	O

Sequence	O
data	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
pol1a	O
and	O
pol1b	O
regions	O
.	O

The	O
reliability	O
of	O
the	O
classification	O
results	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
repeating	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
with	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
from	O
multiple	O
genomic	O
regions	O
.	O

The	O
protocol	O
incorporates	O
four	O
graded	O
sliding	O
scales	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
naturally	O
infected	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
sensitive	O
Balb	O
/	O
cJ	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
neutralizing	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TGF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
could	O
increase	O
the	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
/	O
beta	O
ratio	O
to	O
<	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
in	O
spleens	B-ANAT
,	O
predicting	O
enhanced	O
rates	O
of	O
survival	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
studied	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
atypical	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
exacerbated	O
asthma	B-PATH
by	O
a	O
prospective	O
study	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
asthma	I-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
Department	O
of	O
Pediatrics	O
in	O
Lille	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
15	O
hospitals	O
in	O
the	O
Nord	O
-	O
Pas	B-COMP
de	O
Calais	O
region	O
,	O
from	O
October	O
1	O
,	O
1998	O
-	O
June	O
30	O
,	O
1999	O
.	O

Serological	O
tests	O
for	O
atypical	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
were	O
positive	O
in	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
(	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
5	O
%;	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
5	O
%).	O

Because	O
of	O
threats	O
to	O
the	O
domestic	O
poultry	O
industry	O
and	O
wild	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
screening	O
for	O
selected	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
has	O
become	O
routine	O
since	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
.	O

Samples	O
from	O
215	O
lynx	B-SPEC
from	O
six	O
study	O
areas	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
feline	B-SPEC
parvovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FPV	B-SPEC
),	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
calicivirus	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
,	O
Yersinia	B-SPEC
pestis	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Francisella	B-SPEC
tularensis	I-SPEC
.	O

Also	O
,	O
more	O
males	O
than	O
females	O
showed	O
evidence	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
FPV	B-SPEC
.	O

Fifty	O
-	O
eight	O
severe	O
trauma	O
patients	O
,	O
29	O
with	O
DIC	B-DISO
and	O
29	O
without	O
DIC	B-DISO
were	O
studied	O
.	O

Serial	O
levels	O
of	O
soluble	O
L	O
-,	O
P	O
-,	O
and	O
E	O
-	O
selectins	O
,	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
VCAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
thrombomodulin	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
were	O
measured	O
on	O
days	O
0	O
-	O
4	O
after	O
trauma	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
MODS	B-DISO
were	O
higher	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
DIC	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
those	O
patients	O
without	O
DIC	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
DIC	B-DISO
patients	O
had	O
poor	O
outcome	O
.	O

The	O
purposes	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
RV	O
,	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
wheezing	B-DISO
infants	O
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
these	O
viral	O
findings	O
with	O
early	O
school	O
-	O
age	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

In	O
1999	O
,	O
outcome	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
asthma	B-PATH
was	O
studied	O
in	O
82	O
of	O
100	O
initially	O
recruited	O
children	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
wheezing	B-DISO
in	O
infancy	O
during	O
the	O
period	O
1992	O
-	O
1993	O
.	O

As	O
single	O
viral	O
findings	O
,	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
were	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
(	O
P	O
=.	O
047	O
;	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
4	O
.	O
14	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
-	O
16	O
.	O
77	O
versus	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
-	O
negative	O
cases	O
[	O
by	O
logistic	O
regression	O
adjusted	O
for	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
and	O
atopic	B-DISO
dermatitis	I-DISO
on	O
entry	O
)].	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
results	O
present	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
as	O
important	O
inducers	O
of	O
wheezing	B-DISO
even	O
in	O
infancy	O
.	O

A	O
universal	O
feature	O
of	O
this	O
repair	B-PROC
process	O
is	O
extensive	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
oligodendrocyte	B-ANAT
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
OPs	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
signals	O
that	O
regulate	O
OP	O
proliferation	B-DISO
in	O
response	O
to	O
demyelination	B-DISO
we	O
used	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
adult	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
induce	O
focal	O
demyelination	B-DISO
throughout	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
followed	O
by	O
spontaneous	O
remyelination	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
total	O
static	O
compliance	O
.	O

Hyperinflated	O
tissue	B-ANAT
increased	O
up	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
+/-	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
with	O
PEEP	B-CHED
30	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
degree	O
with	O
inspiration	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
California	B-SPEC
variants	O
isolated	O
between	O
1988	O
and	O
2001	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Twenty	O
-	O
nine	O
isolates	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
recovered	O
from	O
commercial	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
California	B-SPEC
between	O
1988	O
and	O
2001	O
and	O
identified	O
as	O
California	B-SPEC
variants	O
by	O
serotype	O
and	O
direct	O
automated	O
cycle	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
S1	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
,	O
were	O
further	O
characterized	O
phylogenetically	O
and	O
by	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
comparison	O
.	O

A	O
high	O
number	O
of	O
mutations	O
at	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
level	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
013	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
6	O
bp	O
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
)	O
was	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
broiler	O
-	O
type	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previous	O
work	O
has	O
shown	O
that	O
in	O
vitro	O
thymulin	O
treatments	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
enhance	O
natural	O
killer	O
(	O
NK	O
)	O
cell	B-COMP
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
biphasic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
includes	O
an	O
acute	O
phase	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
severe	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
edema	B-DISO
,	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membranes	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
a	O
chronic	O
phase	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
persistent	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
and	O
interstitial	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
while	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
necessary	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
intraluminal	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
BOOP	B-DISO
,	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
necessary	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
intraluminal	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
primary	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
in	O
patients	O
intubated	O
for	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
,	O
lower	O
concentrations	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
proteins	B-CHED
A	O
and	O
D	O
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
fluid	O
and	O
higher	O
concentrations	O
in	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
are	O
associated	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
worse	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
reduced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
fluid	O
surfactant	B-CHED
protein	B-CHED
D	O
and	O
elevated	O
plasma	B-PRGE
surfactant	B-CHED
protein	B-CHED
A	I-PRGE
concentrations	O
at	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
disease	O
and	O
worse	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
and	O
may	O
serve	O
as	O
valuable	O
biochemical	O
markers	O
of	O
prognosis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
adult	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Large	O
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
laboratory	O
of	O
a	O
university	O
-	O
affiliated	O
medical	O
center	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
high	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
improves	O
the	O
survival	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
enteric	O
pathogens	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
of	O
north	O
-	O
central	O
Colorado	O
.	O

In	O
fact	O
,	O
many	O
cats	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
colonies	O
with	O
open	O
management	O
and	O
frequent	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
other	O
than	O
FIP	B-DISO
had	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
haematological	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
electrophoretical	O
changes	O
consistent	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
reference	O
ranges	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
internal	O
ranges	O
designed	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
repeated	O
samplings	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
symptomatic	O
cats	B-SPEC
allows	O
avoiding	O
these	O
misinterpretations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
a	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
uses	O
human	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
hAPN	O
)	O
as	O
its	O
receptor	O
(	O
C	O
.	O
L	O
.	O
Yeager	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
Nature	O
357	O
:	O
420	O
-	O
422	O
,	O
1992	O
).	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
that	O
,	O
unexpectedly	O
,	O
some	O
chimeric	O
mRNAs	O
expressing	O
the	O
2a	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
open	I-PRGE
reading	I-PRGE
frame	I-PRGE
from	O
RNA2	B-PRGE
were	O
recruited	O
by	O
1a	O
to	O
the	O
replication	O
complex	O
and	O
served	O
as	O
templates	O
for	O
negative	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
despite	O
lacking	O
the	O
normally	O
essential	O
,	O
box	O
B	O
-	O
containing	O
5	O
'	O
signal	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Kinetics	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
-	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
expansion	O
and	O
trafficking	B-PROC
following	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Both	O
experimental	O
models	O
and	O
studies	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
suggest	O
that	O
inadequate	O
hypothalamic	B-ANAT
pituitary	I-ANAT
adrenal	I-ANAT
axis	I-ANAT
response	B-PROC
to	I-PROC
stress	I-PROC
accounts	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
partly	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
genesis	O
of	O
shock	O
and	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Relative	O
adrenal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
and	O
peripheral	O
glucocorticoid	B-DISO
resistance	B-PROC
syndrome	B-DISO
are	O
the	O
two	O
main	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
inappropriate	O
hormonal	O
response	O
and	O
provide	O
the	O
grounds	O
for	O
cortisol	B-CHED
replacement	O
in	O
these	O
diseases	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
this	O
technique	O
has	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
impaired	B-DISO
cardiac	B-ANAT
performance	O
,	O
and	O
difficulties	O
associated	O
with	O
sedation	B-DISO
and	O
paralysis	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
application	O
of	O
pressure	O
to	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
whether	O
positive	O
or	O
negative	O
,	O
can	O
cause	O
damage	O
known	O
as	O
ventilator	O
-	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
VALI	O
).	O

Despite	O
difficulties	O
in	O
distinguishing	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
disorder	O
,	O
VALI	O
greatly	O
assists	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Renal	B-ANAT
involvement	O
is	O
common	O
in	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
.	O

Hemodynamic	B-PROC
alterations	O
,	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
direct	O
nephrotoxicity	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
lesions	O
.	O

INO	O
was	O
initiated	O
at	O
a	O
dose	O
of	O
5	O
ppm	O
,	O
and	O
subsequently	O
titrated	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
protocol	O
,	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
dose	O
(	O
5	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
or	O
20	O
ppm	O
)	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
greatest	O
increase	O
in	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio2	O
.	O

In	O
these	O
19	O
patients	O
,	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio2	O
was	O
highest	O
at	O
20	O
ppm	O
in	O
four	O
patients	O
,	O
at	O
10	O
ppm	O
in	O
eight	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
5	O
ppm	O
in	O
seven	O
patients	O
.	O

Surfactant	B-CHED
apoproteins	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
important	O
markers	O
of	O
injury	O
or	O
for	O
prognosis	O
.	O

Levels	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
apoprotein	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
)	O
fall	O
50	O
-	O
75	O
%	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
compared	O
to	O
normal	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
whether	O
bovine	O
surfactant	B-CHED
given	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Children	O
after	O
the	O
44th	O
postconceptional	O
week	O
and	O
under	O
14	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
admitted	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
4	O
h	O
,	O
ventilated	O
for	O
12	O
-	O
120	O
h	O
,	O
and	O
without	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
or	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
rate	O
of	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
the	O
surfactant	B-CHED
group	O
.	O

A	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FIO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
at	O
48	O
h	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
subgroup	O
with	O
an	O
initial	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FIO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratio	O
higher	O
than	O
65	O
and	O
in	O
patients	O
without	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
improvement	O
is	O
sustained	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
subgroup	O
of	O
patients	O
without	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
that	O
with	O
an	O
initial	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FIO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratio	O
higher	O
than	O
65	O

Anaesthesiological	O
ICU	O
,	O
referral	O
centre	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
therapy	O
,	O
university	O
hospital	O
.	O

Two	O
hundred	O
three	O
consecutive	O
PDTs	O
were	O
performed	O
in	O
198	O
patients	O
on	O
either	O
high	O
(>	O
10	O
mbar	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
88	O
)	O
or	O
low	O
(</=	O
10	O
mbar	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
115	O
)	O
PEEP	B-CHED
under	O
bronchoscopic	O
guidance	O
.	O

Arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
tensions	B-DISO
were	O
measured	O
immediately	O
before	O
and	O
1	O
and	O
24	O
h	O
after	O
PDT	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
area	O
of	O
central	O
Italy	O
was	O
formerly	O
endemic	O
for	O
malaria	B-PATH
and	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
covered	O
by	O
a	O
population	O
-	O
based	O
cancer	B-DISO
registry	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
These	O
results	O
were	O
comparable	O
to	O
those	O
derived	O
from	O
geographic	O
areas	O
at	O
low	O
risk	O
for	O
KS	O
where	O
malaria	B-PATH
was	O
not	O
endemic	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
Malta	O
).	O

In	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
assays	O
,	O
the	O
lead	O
compound	O
(	O
17c	O
)	O
prevented	O
the	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
multiplication	O
with	O
an	O
EC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
of	O
8	O
microM	O
.	O
The	O
lead	O
optimization	O
strategy	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
single	O
or	O
multiple	O
modifications	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
molecular	O
portions	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
17c	O
was	O
notionally	O
divided	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ventilation	O
by	O
the	O
Open	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Concept	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
traumatic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
herniation	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Traumatic	O
herniation	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
is	O
uncommon	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Induction	O
of	O
prothrombinase	B-PRGE
fgl2	I-PRGE
by	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
virulent	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
host	B-PRGE
hepatic	B-ANAT
nuclear	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
-	O
331	O
/-	O
325	O
HNF4	B-PRGE
cis	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
element	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
cognate	O
transcription	B-PROC
factor	O
,	O
HNF4alpha	B-PRGE
,	O
are	O
necessary	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
fgl2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
transcription	O
.	O

In	O
uninfected	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
infected	O
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
,	O
an	O
unidentified	O
protein	B-CHED
occupies	O
the	O
HNF4	B-PRGE
cis	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
element	I-PRGE
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
define	O
both	O
viral	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
necessary	O
for	O
induction	O
of	O
fgl2	B-PRGE
prothrombinase	I-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
may	O
provide	O
an	O
explanation	O
for	O
the	O
hepatotrophic	O
nature	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatic	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Their	O
role	O
in	O
precipitating	O
episodes	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
among	O
the	O
patients	O
studied	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
fully	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Although	O
it	O
was	O
necessary	O
for	O
her	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
for	O
8	O
days	O
,	O
her	O
condition	B-DISO
gradually	O
improved	O
and	O
was	O
discharged	O
on	O
the	O
30th	O
of	O
September	O
.	O

She	O
was	O
treated	O
by	O
sparfloxacin	B-CHED
because	O
the	O
intrafamilial	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
was	O
most	O
likely	O
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
the	O
increased	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
titer	O
to	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
later	O
.	O

Endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
form	O
a	O
major	O
capillary	B-ANAT
barrier	O
,	O
and	O
disruption	O
of	O
the	O
barrier	O
appears	O
to	O
involve	O
a	O
decreased	O
level	O
of	O
ATP	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
examined	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
PEP	B-CHED
on	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
guinea	B-SPEC
pigs	I-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
PEP	B-CHED
attenuated	O
the	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
induced	O
increase	O
in	O
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
proximal	O
and	O
distal	O
bronchi	O
,	O
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
the	O
extravascular	O
leakage	B-DISO
of	O
Evans	O
Blue	O
dye	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
combination	O
of	O
PEP	B-CHED
with	O
ATP	B-CHED
(	O
4	O
micromol	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
showed	O
no	O
additional	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
on	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
PEP	B-CHED
alone	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
was	O
obtained	O
before	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
,	O
when	O
82	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
criteria	O
for	O
SIRS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
MBL	O
concentrations	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
during	O
experimental	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
acute	B-DISO
phase	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
challenged	O
after	O
12	O
h	O
of	O
activity	O
peaked	O
after	O
4	O
.	O
6	O
d	O
with	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
24	O
%,	O
whereas	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
response	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
challenged	O
after	O
12	O
h	O
of	O
rest	B-FUNC
peaked	O
after	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
d	O
with	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
51	O
%.	O

The	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
regulatory	O
factor	B-PRGE
nuclear	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
modulating	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
many	O
cytokines	O
and	O
other	O
proinflammatory	O
mediators	O
implicated	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
progression	O
of	O
ALI	O
.	O

Differential	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
to	O
clearance	O
by	O
perforin	B-PRGE
or	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
uncovered	O
distinct	O
,	O
nonredundant	O
roles	O
for	O
these	O
antiviral	B-CHED
mechanisms	O
.	O

To	O
separately	O
evaluate	O
each	O
effector	B-CHED
function	O
specifically	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
was	O
analyzed	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
deficient	O
in	O
both	O
perforin	B-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
(	O
PKO	O
/	O
GKO	O
)	O
or	O
selectively	O
reconstituted	O
for	O
each	O
function	O
by	O
transfer	O
of	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Uncontrolled	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
limited	O
MHC	B-PROC
class	B-SPEC
I	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
and	O
an	O
absence	O
of	O
class	B-SPEC
II	O
expression	B-PROC
on	O
microglia	B-ANAT
,	O
coinciding	O
with	O
decreased	O
CD4	O
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
CNS	B-CHED
infiltrates	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chronic	B-DISO
alcohol	I-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
incidence	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
severity	O
of	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

PATIENTS	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
220	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
highest	O
daily	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
score	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
alcohol	I-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
had	O
more	O
severe	O
nonpulmonary	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
nonalcoholics	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
42	O
+/-	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
chronic	B-DISO
alcohol	I-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
is	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
increases	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
nonpulmonary	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

Group	O
I	O
received	O
high	O
(	O
recruitive	O
)	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
9	O
-	O
20	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
),	O
adjusted	O
as	O
needed	O
;	O
group	O
II	O
received	O
low	O
(	O
supportive	O
)	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
2	O
-	O
6	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
).	O

This	O
happened	O
at	O
a	O
younger	O
age	O
among	O
the	O
more	O
heavily	O
infected	O
sculpins	O
at	O
Torbjørnskjaer	O
than	O
at	O
Vega	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
interpret	O
this	O
as	O
density	O
dependence	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
fish	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
and	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
relieved	O
postoperative	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
ICU	O
we	O
repeated	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
:	O
30	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
:	O
42	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
;	O
15	O
breaths	O
.	O
min	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
for	O
1	O
min	O
)	O
and	O
kept	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
15	O
cmH2O	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Susceptibility	O
of	O
three	O
genetic	O
lines	O
of	O
chicks	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
nephropathogenic	O
T	O
strain	O
of	O
avian	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Histopathological	O
assessment	O
indicated	O
an	O
earlier	O
onset	O
of	O
a	O
regenerative	O
phase	O
in	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
of	O
W	O
chicks	O
than	O
in	O
S	O
chicks	O
.	O

S	O
chicks	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
W	O
chicks	O
,	O
showed	O
no	O
signs	O
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
regeneration	B-PROC
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
of	O
S	O
chicks	O
differed	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
W	O
chicks	O
in	O
showing	O
more	O
severe	O
nephritis	B-DISO
,	O
more	O
tubular	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
and	O
less	O
heterophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
and	O
lymphocytic	O
response	O
throughout	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

were	O
transferred	O
to	O
six	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
syngeneic	O
chicks	O
one	O
day	O
prior	O
to	O
challenging	O
with	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
EID	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Gray	O
strain	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
VEGF	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
autopsy	O
material	O
from	O
septic	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
cared	O
for	O
by	O
intensive	O
care	O
medicine	B-CHED
using	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
),	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
),	O
and	O
immunohistochemical	O
methods	O
.	O

Within	O
4	O
h	O
after	O
seawater	O
perfusion	O
,	O
no	O
pathological	O
changes	O
were	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
without	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
seawater	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dose	O
-	O
response	O
characteristics	O
during	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
:	O
a	O
prospective	O
,	O
randomized	O
,	O
controlled	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
)	O
improves	O
systemic	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
)	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Patients	O
were	O
randomized	O
for	O
conventional	O
therapy	O
(	O
control	O
)	O
or	O
continuous	O
treatment	O
with	O
10	O
parts	O
per	O
million	O
(	O
ppm	O
)	O
inhaled	B-PROC
NO	O
until	O
weaning	B-PROC
was	O
initiated	O
.	O

BBS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
potent	O
and	O
highly	O
selective	O
iNOS	B-PRGE
dimerization	I-PRGE
inhibitor	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
exclude	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
and	O
neuronal	O
NOS	O
isoforms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Future	O
research	O
directions	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
:	O
summary	O
of	O
a	O
National	O
Heart	B-ANAT
,	O
Lung	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
Blood	B-ANAT
Institute	O
working	O
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
),	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
an	O
invariably	O
lethal	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
r	O
-	O
wtFIPV	O
was	O
indistinguishable	O
from	O
its	O
parental	O
virus	B-SPEC
FIPV	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
not	O
only	O
for	O
its	O
growth	B-PROC
characteristics	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
but	O
also	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
exhibiting	O
a	O
highly	O
lethal	O
phenotype	O
.	O

We	O
establish	O
the	O
second	O
targeted	B-PROC
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
system	O
for	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
provide	O
a	O
powerful	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
genetic	O
engineering	O
of	O
the	O
FIPV	O
genome	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
alone	O
results	O
in	O
its	O
incorporation	O
into	O
vesicles	B-COMP
that	O
are	O
released	O
from	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
the	O
coexpression	O
of	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
with	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
M	O
leads	O
to	O
the	O
assembly	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
particles	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Replication	O
of	O
the	O
neurotropic	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	O
hepatitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
within	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
:	O
JHM	O
genetic	O
background	O
eliminates	O
A59	O
spike	O
-	O
determined	O
hepatotropism	O
.	O

The	O
illness	O
is	O
being	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Different	O
therapeutic	O
approaches	O
have	O
recently	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
improving	O
the	O
outcome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
causing	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
.	O

Since	O
the	O
Norwalk	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
viral	O
agents	O
associated	O
with	O
diarrheal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
has	O
steadily	O
increased	O
.	O

Rotavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
under	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD4	B-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
causing	O
demyelination	B-DISO
independent	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
subset	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
multiplex	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
(	O
HVR	O
)	O
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
exhibited	O
high	O
variations	O
among	O
Taiwanese	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
summarizes	O
the	O
initial	O
epidemiologic	O
findings	O
,	O
clinical	O
description	O
,	O
and	O
diagnostic	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
that	O
followed	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Canada	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
Canada	O
in	O
early	O
March	O
2003	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
or	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
pneumophila	I-SPEC
.	O

All	O
patients	O
received	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
and	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
therapy	O
a	O
mean	O
(+/-	O
SD	O
)	O
of	O
9	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O
5	O
.	O
42	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
,	O
and	O
eight	O
were	O
treated	O
earlier	O
with	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
beta	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
lactams	I-CHED
and	O
macrolide	B-CHED
for	O
4	O
+/-	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
days	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
clinical	O
or	O
radiologic	O
efficacy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
a	O
rare	O
entity	O
of	O
colonic	O
pseudo	O
-	O
obstruction	O
,	O
characterised	O
by	O
severe	O
colonic	B-ANAT
dilatation	B-DISO
in	O
absence	O
of	O
any	O
organic	O
obstacle	O
.	O

The	O
acute	O
colonic	B-DISO
pseudo	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
,	O
Ogilvie	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
most	O
often	O
appears	O
as	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
other	O
clinical	O
conditions	O
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
and	O
exanthema	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
eschar	B-DISO
was	O
pointed	O
out	O
in	O
20	O
(	O
71	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
2	O
patients	O
complicated	O
by	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
sIL2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
R	I-PRGE
level	O
,	O
produced	O
by	O
activated	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
was	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
U	O
/	O
ml	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
an	O
sIL2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
R	I-PRGE
level	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
U	O
/	O
ml	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
marker	O
of	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
neonate	O
receiving	O
hyperalimentation	O
through	O
a	O
peripherally	O
inserted	O
central	O
catheter	O
(	O
PICC	O
)	O
had	O
acute	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
distension	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
lesions	O
were	O
characterised	O
by	O
necrotising	B-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
,	O
septal	O
infiltration	B-DISO
with	O
mononuclear	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
a	O
mixed	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
exudate	B-ANAT
.	O

Other	O
common	O
findings	O
were	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
(	O
in	O
69	O
.	O
6	O
percent	O
),	O
thrombocytopenia	O
(	O
44	O
.	O
8	O
percent	O
),	O
and	O
elevated	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
and	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
levels	O
(	O
71	O
.	O
0	O
percent	O
and	O
32	O
.	O
1	O
percent	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Although	O
the	O
data	O
support	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
for	O
neutrophil	O
elastase	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
further	O
study	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
fully	O
define	O
the	O
actions	O
of	O
neutrophil	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
how	O
these	O
actions	O
affect	O
host	B-COMP
functions	O
,	O
before	O
we	O
can	O
exploit	O
this	O
knowledge	O
for	O
therapeutic	O
benefit	O
.	O

The	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
concentration	O
in	O
the	O
epithelial	O
lining	O
fluid	O
also	O
is	O
increased	O
in	O
these	O
individuals	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
alcohol	I-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
compared	O
with	O
healthy	O
controls	O
,	O
suggesting	O
alterations	O
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
barrier	O
function	O
.	O

This	O
research	O
has	O
implications	O
in	O
understanding	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
,	O
and	O
prognosis	O
for	O
,	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
who	O
are	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
also	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
therapies	O
for	O
those	O
patients	O
at	O
greatest	O
risk	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
alcohol	I-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
.	O

Published	O
articles	O
on	O
experimental	O
and	O
clinical	O
studies	O
of	O
coagulation	B-PROC
and	O
fibrinolysis	B-PROC
during	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
evolving	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Glucocorticoids	B-CHED
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

HPA	B-CHED
axis	B-SPEC
activation	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
compensatory	O
anti	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
inflammatory	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

Replacement	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
/	O
mineralocorticoid	B-CHED
therapy	O
over	O
7	O
days	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
beneficial	O
in	O
such	O
individuals	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
last	O
decade	O
,	O
case	O
reports	O
and	O
observational	O
studies	O
of	O
HFOV	O
in	O
patients	O
failing	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
have	O
suggested	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
review	O
the	O
rationale	O
for	O
evaluating	O
anticoagulant	O
therapies	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
review	O
selected	O
data	O
regarding	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
anticoagulants	B-CHED
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
patients	O
with	O
ALI	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Local	O
procoagulant	O
activity	O
and	O
reduced	O
fibrinolysis	B-PROC
constitute	O
the	O
rationale	O
for	O
anticoagulant	B-CHED
use	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
ALI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
exogenous	O
surfactant	B-CHED
supplementation	O
and	O
partial	O
liquid	O
ventilation	O
on	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
induced	O
by	O
wood	O
smoke	O
inhalation	O
in	O
newborn	O
piglets	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
exhibits	O
a	O
synergistic	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effect	O
on	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
biology	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
is	O
quite	O
different	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
hepatitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
;	O
however	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
suggest	O
the	O
beneficial	O
combined	O
therapy	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
may	O
never	O
before	O
have	O
circulated	O
in	O
the	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
population	O
.	O

Calves	O
that	O
were	O
seronegative	O
or	O
had	O
low	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
against	O
BoTV	O
(<	O
or	O
=	O
1	O
:	O
10	O
hemagglutination	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
units	O
)	O
at	O
arrival	O
seroconverted	O
to	O
BoTV	O
(>	O
4	O
-	O
fold	O
increase	O
in	O
titer	O
);	O
these	O
calves	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
shed	O
virus	B-SPEC
than	O
calves	O
that	O
were	O
seropositive	O
against	O
BoTV	O
at	O
arrival	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Fecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
of	O
BoTV	B-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
in	O
15	O
of	O
62	O
(	O
24	O
%)	O
calves	O
by	O
use	O
of	O
ELISA	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
,	O
with	O
peak	O
shedding	O
on	O
day	O
4	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
Special	O
Administrative	O
Region	O
:	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
strong	O
evidence	O
that	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
is	O
the	O
pathogen	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
then	O
stratified	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
head	B-ANAT
injury	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
admission	O
Glasgow	O
Coma	B-DISO
Scale	O
(	O
GCS	O
)	O
score	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
:	O
group	O
1	O
,	O
GCS	O
score	O
of	O
13	O
to	O
15	O
(	O
788	O
female	O
patients	O
,	O
769	O
male	O
patients	O
);	O
group	O
2	O
,	O
GCS	O
score	O
of	O
9	O
to	O
12	O
(	O
40	O
female	O
patients	O
,	O
42	O
male	O
patients	O
);	O
and	O
group	O
3	O
,	O
GCS	O
score	O
<	O
9	O
(	O
63	O
female	O
patients	O
,	O
87	O
male	O
patients	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Unrelated	O
donor	B-CHED
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
for	O
acute	O
mixed	O
lineage	O
(	O
myeloid	O
and	O
B	O
-	O
lymphoid	O
lineage	O
)	O
leukemia	O
in	O
an	O
adult	O
with	O
Down	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

He	O
achieved	O
complete	O
remission	B-DISO
(	O
CR	O
)	O
by	O
lymphoid	O
-	O
oriented	O
chemotherapy	O
performed	O
after	O
ineffective	O
myeloid	O
-	O
oriented	O
therapy	O
.	O

Thereafter	O
,	O
a	O
second	O
CR	O
was	O
obtained	O
by	O
low	O
dose	O
cytosine	B-CHED
arabinoside	I-CHED
(	O
AraC	O
)	O
therapy	O
.	O

On	O
day	O
205	O
post	O
-	O
BMT	B-ENZY
,	O
however	O
,	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
obliterans	I-DISO
(	O
BO	O
)	O
occurred	O
as	O
a	O
chronic	B-DISO
GVHD	I-DISO
disorder	O
.	O

Three	O
patients	O
had	O
travelled	O
to	O
China	O
,	O
including	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
SAR	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
fatality	O
rate	O
in	O
HRV	O
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
was	O
high	O
(	O
83	O
%),	O
but	O
all	O
patients	O
had	O
significant	O
coinfections	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
overall	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
not	O
different	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
HRV	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
samples	O
.	O

Microscopic	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
left	O
anterior	B-ANAT
descending	I-ANAT
coronary	I-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
showed	O
an	O
eccentric	O
fibroatheromatic	O
plaque	B-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
,	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
erosion	B-DISO
and	O
extensive	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
.	O

D	O
-	O
RNAs	O
expressing	O
chIFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
were	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
rescue	O
,	O
replication	O
,	O
and	O
packaging	O
into	O
virions	B-COMP
in	O
a	O
helper	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
dependent	O
system	O
following	O
electroporation	O
of	O
in	O
vitro	O
-	O
derived	O
T7	O
RNA	O
transcripts	O
into	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
following	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
10	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
containing	O
D	O
-	O
RNAs	O
expressing	O
chIFN	O
-	O
gamma	O
,	O
the	O
allantoic	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
was	O
shown	O
to	O
contain	O
biologically	O
active	O
chIFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
,	O
demonstrating	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
D	O
-	O
RNAs	O
can	O
express	O
heterologous	O
genes	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Update	O
:	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
--	O
worldwide	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
genome	O
sequence	O
reveals	O
that	O
this	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
only	O
moderately	O
related	O
to	O
other	O
known	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
including	O
two	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
testing	O
--	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
included	O
if	O
they	O
had	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
a	O
known	O
exposure	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
or	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
observed	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
torovirus	I-SPEC
and	O
other	O
enteric	O
pathogens	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
from	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
cases	O
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
vaccinated	O
pups	O
did	O
not	O
display	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
shed	O
the	O
challenge	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
11	O
.	O
25	O
days	O
,	O
evaluated	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
,	O
and	O
13	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
evaluated	O
by	O
PCR	O
assay	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
non	O
vaccinated	O
pups	O
displayed	O
mild	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
at	O
day	O
post	O
-	O
challenge	O
4	O
and	O
shed	O
the	O
challenge	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
14	O
and	O
15	O
days	O
respectively	O
,	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
22	O
and	O
24	O
days	O
respectively	O
,	O
by	O
PCR	O
assay	O
.	O

Practice	O
of	O
droplets	O
precaution	O
and	O
contact	O
precaution	O
is	O
adequate	O
in	O
significantly	O
reducing	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	O
after	O
exposures	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
protective	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
mask	O
suggests	O
that	O
in	O
hospitals	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
droplets	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Intensive	O
care	O
management	O
of	O
28	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
eclampsia	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
tropical	O
African	O
setting	O
].	O

The	O
following	O
complications	O
were	O
found	O
:	O
acute	B-DISO
oliguric	I-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
9	O
),	O
HELLP	O
-	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
4	O
),	O
cerebral	B-DISO
haemorrhage	I-DISO
(	O
4	O
),	O
acute	O
lung	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
(	O
3	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
).	O

Common	O
findings	O
included	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacification	O
,	O
sometimes	O
with	O
consolidation	O
,	O
and	O
interlobular	O
septal	O
and	O
intralobular	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
thickening	O
.	O

Affected	O
segments	O
were	O
predominantly	O
in	O
the	O
lower	O
lobes	B-ANAT
(	O
91	O
of	O
149	O
affected	O
segments	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
was	O
too	O
stenotic	O
to	O
place	O
the	O
tube	O
in	O
the	O
proper	O
position	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
which	O
began	O
on	O
Mar	B-DISO
.	O
7	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
resulted	O
in	O
extraordinary	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
.	O

All	O
authors	O
reviewed	O
and	O
analyzed	O
the	O
descriptions	O
in	O
an	O
iterative	O
process	O
between	O
Apr	B-CHED
.	O
3	O
and	O
Apr	B-CHED
.	O
13	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
proteinase	B-PROC
(	O
3CLpro	O
)	O
structure	O
:	O
basis	O
for	O
design	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drugs	O
.	O

The	O
structures	O
reveal	O
a	O
remarkable	O
degree	O
of	O
conservation	O
of	O
the	O
substrate	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
sites	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
further	O
supported	O
by	O
recombinant	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
Mpro	O
-	O
mediated	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
Mpro	O
substrate	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
biologically	O
active	O
lipids	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
also	O
suggested	O
to	O
cause	O
the	O
disorder	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
standard	O
treatment	O
protocol	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
is	O
characterised	O
by	O
fever	B-PROC
of	O
sudden	O
onset	O
lasting	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
rapidly	O
changing	O
consolidations	O
in	O
chest	B-ANAT
x	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
not	O
affected	O
by	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
leuko	O
-,	O
lympho	O
-	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
thrombopenia	O
with	O
a	O
compromised	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
later	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
.	O

Close	O
contacts	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
does	O
not	O
regularly	O
result	O
in	O
full	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
CDC	O
continues	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
partners	O
to	O
investigate	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
RCV	O
particles	O
were	O
spherical	O
in	O
shape	O
with	O
a	O
diameter	O
of	O
100	O
-	O
130	O
nm	O
and	O
two	O
distinct	O
membranes	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
outer	O
one	O
being	O
the	O
envelope	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
inner	O
one	O
the	O
nuclear	O
capsid	B-ANAT
to	O
enclose	O
the	O
viroplasm	O
.	O

Between	O
the	O
envelop	O
and	O
nuclear	O
capsid	B-ANAT
was	O
a	O
electron	O
-	O
lucent	O
middle	O
layer	B-ANAT
comprising	O
one	O
to	O
two	O
thin	O
membranous	B-ANAT
structures	O
.	O

Specific	O
fragments	O
were	O
amplified	O
from	O
the	O
sputum	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
DNA	O
cloning	O
and	O
sequencing	O
to	O
belong	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
has	O
confirmed	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
sputum	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
and	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
is	O
a	O
quick	O
,	O
easy	O
,	O
and	O
convenient	O
way	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
30	O
patients	O
with	O
aortic	B-DISO
arch	I-DISO
aneurysm	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
22	O
with	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
ruptured	O
and	O
8	O
with	O
a	O
ruptured	B-DISO
aneurysm	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
catheter	O
was	O
antegradely	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
descending	B-ANAT
thoracic	I-ANAT
aorta	I-ANAT
through	O
the	O
aortic	B-ANAT
arch	I-ANAT
or	O
the	O
aneurysm	B-DISO
without	O
opening	O
the	O
pleural	B-ANAT
space	I-ANAT
after	O
establishing	O
antegrade	O
selective	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
and	O
obtaining	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
highest	O
correlation	O
(	O
77	O
%	O
nt	O
and	O
81	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
aa	O
)	O
was	O
found	O
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
type	O
I	O
.	O
A	O
PCR	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
strain	O
Elmo	O
/	O
02	O
detected	O
analogous	O
CCoVs	O
of	O
different	O
geographic	O
origin	O
,	O
all	O
which	O
exhibited	O
at	O
least	O
92	O
-	O
96	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
to	O
strain	O
Elmo	O
/	O
02	O
.	O

Recognizable	O
patterns	O
of	O
radiographic	O
progression	O
were	O
determined	O
by	O
comparing	O
the	O
overall	O
mean	O
percentage	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
for	O
each	O
patient	O
on	O
serial	O
radiographs	O
.	O

Initial	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
were	O
abnormal	O
in	O
108	O
of	O
138	O
(	O
78	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
patients	O
and	O
showed	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
space	O
opacity	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
cavitation	B-DISO
,	O
lymphadenopathy	O
,	O
or	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
was	O
demonstrated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Will	O
your	O
ED	O
have	O
staff	O
quarantined	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
?	O

From	O
1993	O
to	O
1997	O
,	O
236	O
(	O
12	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
1915	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
work	O
-	O
related	O
asthma	B-PATH
identified	O
by	O
the	O
four	O
states	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
exposure	O
to	O
cleaning	O
products	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
new	O
-	O
onset	O
cases	O
,	O
22	O
%	O
were	O
consistent	O
with	O
reactive	B-DISO
airways	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
article	O
describes	O
current	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
outlines	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
UK	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmission	O
dynamics	O
of	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
:	O
impact	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
interventions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
presentations	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
III	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
is	O
a	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
element	O
in	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
defective	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
replication	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Higher	O
-	O
order	B-SPEC
structures	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
(	O
UTR	O
)	O
of	O
plus	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
known	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
to	O
function	O
as	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
elements	O
in	O
RNA	O
translation	B-PROC
,	O
replication	O
,	O
or	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

Stem	O
-	O
loop	O
III	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
shows	O
phylogenetic	O
conservation	O
among	O
group	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
appears	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
homolog	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
groups	O
1	O
and	O
3	O
,	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
has	O
in	O
all	O
coronaviruses	O
for	O
which	O
sequence	O
is	O
known	O
a	O
closely	O
associated	O
short	O
,	O
AUG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
initiated	I-PRGE
intra	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
UTR	I-PRGE
ORF	I-PRGE
,	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
is	O
supported	O
by	O
enzyme	O
structure	O
-	O
probing	O
evidence	O
in	O
BCoV	O
RNA	O
,	O
(	O
iv	O
)	O
must	O
maintain	O
stem	B-ANAT
integrity	O
for	O
DI	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
replication	O
in	O
BCoV	O
DI	O
RNA	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
v	O
)	O
shows	O
a	O
positive	O
correlation	O
between	O
maintenance	O
of	O
the	O
short	O
ORF	O
and	O
maximal	O
DI	O
RNA	O
accumulation	O
in	O
BCoV	O
DI	O
RNA	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
postulated	O
that	O
these	O
two	O
elements	O
function	O
similarly	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

We	O
collected	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
about	O
patients	O
and	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
at	O
our	O
institution	O
who	O
during	O
a	O
13	O
-	O
day	O
period	O
had	O
a	O
potential	O
unprotected	O
exposure	O
to	O
2	O
patients	O
whose	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
were	O
subsequently	O
identified	O
as	O
meeting	O
the	O
case	O
definition	O
for	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
additional	O
cases	O
were	O
identified	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
precautions	O
had	O
been	O
implemented	O
for	O
8	O
days	O
.	O

No	O
cases	O
of	O
secondary	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
were	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
21	O
days	O
following	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
these	O
precautions	O
at	O
our	O
institution	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
can	O
easily	O
be	O
spread	O
by	O
direct	O
personal	O
contact	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
setting	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
whether	O
granulocyte	B-FUNC
colony	I-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
stimulating	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
25	O
microg	O
x	O
kg	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
x	O
day	O
(-	O
1	O
),	O
4	O
days	O
)	O
enhanced	O
endotracheal	O
bleomycin	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
(	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

Granulocyte	B-FUNC
colony	I-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
stimulating	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
increased	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
neutrophil	B-PROC
recruitment	B-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
lung	B-PRGE
myeloperoxidase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
on	O
day	O
4	O
.	O

Rats	B-SPEC
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
either	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
or	O
endotoxemia	O
for	O
1	O
hr	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
resuscitation	O
to	O
a	O
controlled	O
mean	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
with	O
Ringer	O
'	O
s	O
lactate	B-CHED
,	O
5	B-PRGE
%	I-PRGE
albumin	I-PRGE
,	O
or	O
25	O
%	O
albumin	B-PRGE
for	O
1	O
hr	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mass	O
spectrometric	O
characterization	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
:	O
a	O
preliminary	O
report	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
course	O
and	O
successful	O
treatment	O
with	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
doctor	O
working	O
at	O
the	O
Prince	O
of	O
Wales	O
Hospital	O
.	O

He	O
presented	O
with	O
sudden	O
onset	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
chills	B-DISO
,	O
myalgia	B-DISO
,	O
headache	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
dizziness	B-DISO
in	O
early	O
March	O
2003	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hiding	O
in	O
the	O
bunker	O
:	O
Challenges	O
for	O
a	O
radiation	O
oncology	O
department	O
operating	O
in	O
the	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
outline	O
the	O
measures	O
taken	O
to	O
curb	B-DISO
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Singapore	O
and	O
discuss	O
the	O
implications	O
for	O
Australasian	O
radiation	O
oncology	O
departments	O
.	O

With	O
a	O
mean	O
activated	O
clotting	B-PROC
time	O
of	O
121	O
+/-	O

In	O
controls	O
,	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
and	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
first	O
6	O
weeks	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
recognized	O
spread	O
was	O
limited	O
to	O
one	O
healthcare	O
worker	O
and	O
three	O
household	O
contacts	O
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
initially	O
improved	O
but	O
64	O
(	O
85	O
%)	O
patients	O
developed	O
recurrent	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
after	O
a	O
mean	O
of	O
8	O
.	O
9	O
(	O
SD	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
)	O
days	O
,	O
55	O
(	O
73	O
%)	O
had	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
after	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
days	O
,	O
60	O
(	O
80	O
%)	O
had	O
radiological	O
worsening	O
after	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
worsened	O
in	O
34	O
(	O
45	O
%)	O
after	O
8	O
.	O
6	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
consistent	O
clinical	O
progression	O
,	O
shifting	O
radiological	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
an	O
inverted	O
V	O
viral	O
-	O
load	O
profile	O
suggest	O
that	O
worsening	O
in	O
week	O
2	O
is	O
unrelated	O
to	O
uncontrolled	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
but	O
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
immunopathological	O
damage	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
global	O
impact	O
.	O

Whole	O
genome	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
various	O
isolates	O
might	O
provide	O
an	O
indication	O
of	O
potential	O
strain	O
differences	O
of	O
this	O
new	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Shortly	O
after	O
presentation	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
developed	O
therapy	O
-	O
refractory	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
subsequently	O
suffered	B-DISO
five	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
failure	O
(	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
gastrointestinal	O
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
),	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
burn	O
injury	O
,	O
and	O
ischemia	O
related	O
cerebral	B-DISO
lesions	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
failure	O
under	O
maximized	O
ventilatory	O
settings	O
,	O
and	O
subsequent	O
five	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
failure	O
,	O
an	O
integrated	O
therapeutical	O
approach	O
comprising	O
ECMO	O
,	O
NO	O
,	O
kinetic	O
therapy	O
,	O
surfactant	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
urodilatin	O
did	O
cross	O
-	O
bridge	O
respiratory	O
and	O
vital	O
functions	O
,	O
enabling	O
overall	O
survival	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
a	O
group	O
2	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
canine	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
ventilator	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
were	O
the	O
leading	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Pneumonia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
of	I-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
(	O
PVM	B-SPEC
)	O
also	O
infects	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
,	O
like	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
may	O
induce	O
a	O
persistent	O
wasting	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
immunodeficient	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
understand	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
both	O
agents	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
peritonitis	B-DISO
and	O
pleuritis	B-DISO
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
KO	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
infected	O
with	O
either	O
agent	O
or	O
were	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
with	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
hepaticus	I-SPEC
and	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
G	O
.	O
Infection	B-DISO
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
G	O
induced	O
a	O
multisystemic	O
infection	B-DISO
similar	O
to	O
that	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
original	O
cases	O
,	O
with	O
multifocal	O
hepatic	B-DISO
necrosis	B-PROC
,	O
acute	O
necrotizing	O
and	O
inflammatory	O
lesions	O
of	O
the	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
and	O
pleuritis	B-DISO
with	O
adhesions	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
serosal	B-ANAT
surfaces	O
of	O
the	O
viscera	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
captive	O
cheetahs	B-SPEC
(	O
Acinonyx	B-SPEC
jubatus	I-SPEC
)	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

Testing	O
of	O
samples	O
from	O
one	O
population	O
over	O
a	O
1	O
-	O
yr	O
period	O
indicated	O
chronic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
some	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
MHC	B-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
II	I-PRGE
DR	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
expressing	I-PRGE
PMNs	I-PRGE
were	O
also	O
proved	O
to	O
express	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
affinity	O
receptor	O
for	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
(	O
IgE	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
FcepsilonRI	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
produce	O
tumour	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
18	I-PRGE
following	O
a	O
challenge	O
with	O
an	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MHC	I-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
II	I-PRGE
DR	I-PRGE
monoclonal	B-PRGE
Ab	I-PRGE
(	O
MoAb	O
)	O
or	O
anti	O
-	O
DR	O
antiserum	O
.	O

Possible	O
binding	B-FUNC
sites	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
to	O
CD13	B-PRGE
have	O
been	O
mapped	O
out	O
by	O
using	O
bioinformatics	O
analysis	O
tools	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
also	O
provides	O
a	O
possible	O
strategy	O
for	O
mapping	O
the	O
possible	O
binding	B-FUNC
receptors	O
of	O
the	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
a	O
genome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
probable	O
genomic	O
packaging	O
signal	O
sequence	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
by	O
bioinformatics	O
analysis	O
.	O

Multi	O
-	O
alignment	O
for	O
the	O
genomic	O
sequences	O
was	O
performed	O
among	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
,	O
BCoV	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	O
229E	O
.	O

Further	O
more	O
,	O
the	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
multi	O
-	O
alignment	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
locations	O
of	O
packaging	O
signals	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
HCoV	O
overlaped	O
each	O
other	O
.	O

Either	O
the	O
3D	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
or	O
the	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
Mpro	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
starting	O
point	O
for	O
design	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drugs	O
.	O

The	O
possible	O
functions	O
of	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
were	O
annotated	O
by	O
bioinformatics	O
methods	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
possible	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
model	O
was	O
constructed	O
by	O
molecular	O
modeling	O
.	O

The	O
pure	B-FUNC
sample	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
E	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
obtained	O
.	O

She	O
presented	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
hemoptysis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
;	O
interestingly	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
renal	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
was	O
normal	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
gravity	O
on	O
lung	B-ANAT
diffusing	O
capacity	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
in	O
prone	O
and	O
supine	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Also	O
,	O
both	O
conditions	O
show	O
an	O
impaired	B-DISO
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
is	O
less	O
severe	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
supine	O
posture	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recombinant	B-PRGE
platelet	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activating	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
acetylhydrolase	I-PRGE
to	O
prevent	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
:	O
Phase	O
IIb	O
,	O
multicenter	O
,	O
randomized	O
,	O
placebo	O
-	O
controlled	O
,	O
clinical	O
trial	O
.	O

A	O
prospective	O
,	O
randomized	O
,	O
double	O
-	O
blind	B-DISO
,	O
placebo	O
-	O
controlled	O
,	O
multicenter	O
trial	O
.	O

Randomization	O
occurred	O
within	O
12	O
hrs	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

Demographic	O
and	O
baseline	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
treatment	O
groups	O
were	O
similar	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
prevalence	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
as	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
rPAF	O
-	O
AH	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
among	O
the	O
three	O
treatment	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Suddenly	O
,	O
she	O
had	O
a	O
terrible	O
epigastralgia	B-DISO
and	O
back	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
.	O

Case	O
3	O
(	O
son	B-PRGE
case	I-PRGE
):	O
48	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
our	O
hospital	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
aortic	I-DISO
dissection	I-DISO
(	O
Stanford	O
type	O
A	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
biological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
its	O
related	O
coronaviruses	O
].	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
recombinants	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
by	O
20h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Advances	O
in	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
originated	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
,	O
the	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Republic	O
of	O
China	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2002	O
.	O

NMS	B-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
predominant	O
involvement	O
of	O
lower	B-ANAT
limb	I-ANAT
muscles	B-ANAT
in	O
pathologic	B-DISO
process	I-DISO
and	O
by	O
rarely	O
developing	O
generalized	O
form	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
in	O
a	O
previously	O
healthy	O
adult	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
in	O
a	O
previously	O
healthy	O
46	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
.	O

Treatment	O
consists	O
of	O
support	O
care	O
and	O
artificial	O
respiration	B-PROC
when	O
required	O
.	O

Is	O
it	O
a	O
mistake	O
or	O
a	O
terror	O
acts	O
of	O
leakage	B-DISO
of	O
viral	O
mutant	B-DISO
from	O
research	O
or	O
other	O
laboratories	O
?	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Update	O
:	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
--	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
June	O
11	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
encoding	O
the	O
entire	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
(	O
ORF	O
)	O
of	O
Chinju99	O
was	O
1326	O
bases	B-CHED
long	O
and	O
encoded	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
441	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
with	O
predicted	O
M	O
(	O
r	O
)	O
of	O
49	O
kDa	O
.	O

The	O
amino	O
acid	O
sequence	O
contained	O
seven	O
potential	O
sites	O
for	O
threonine	B-CHED
(	O
T	O
)-	O
or	O
serine	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)-	O
linked	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
by	O
each	O
protein	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
and	O
casein	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
is	O
extensively	O
processed	O
by	O
three	O
proteinases	O
,	O
two	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinases	I-PRGE
(	O
PLPs	O
),	O
termed	O
PLP1	B-PRGE
and	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
a	O
picornavirus	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
(	O
3CLpro	O
).	O

Previously	O
,	O
we	O
established	O
a	O
trans	O
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
assay	O
and	O
showed	O
that	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
cleaves	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	I-PRGE
between	O
p210	B-PRGE
and	O
membrane	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
1	I-PRGE
(	O
MP1	B-PRGE
)	O
(	O
A	O
.	O
Kanjanahaluethai	O
and	O
S	O
.	O
C	O
.	O
Baker	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
Virol	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
murine	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
PLP2	I-PRGE
cleaves	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	O
between	O
glycine	B-CHED
2840	O
and	O
alanine	B-CHED
2841	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
critical	O
determinants	O
for	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
recognition	O
and	O
processing	O
occupy	O
the	O
P6	O
,	O
P2	O
,	O
and	O
P1	O
positions	O
of	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
.	O

Patients	O
in	O
group	O
1	O
were	O
older	O
(	O
mean	O
age	O
,	O
45	O
vs	O
30	O
.	O
3	O
years	O
),	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
rate	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
admission	O
(	O
27	O
%	O
[	O
four	O
of	O
15	O
]	O
vs	O
11	O
%	O
[	O
one	O
of	O
nine	O
]),	O
more	O
requirement	O
for	O
pulsed	O
intravenous	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
(	O
87	O
%,	O
[	O
13	O
of	O
15	O
]	O
vs	O
67	O
%	O
[	O
six	O
of	O
nine	O
]),	O
higher	O
peak	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
level	O
(	O
438	O
.	O
9	O
vs	O
355	O
.	O
6	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
),	O
and	O
higher	O
peak	O
opacification	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
(	O
estimated	O
area	O
,	O
14	O
%	O
vs	O
11	O
%)	O
than	O
patients	O
in	O
group	O
2	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
condition	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
both	O
an	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
efficient	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Update	O
:	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
--	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
CDC	O
,	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
health	O
departments	O
,	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
),	O
and	O
other	O
partners	O
,	O
continues	O
to	O
investigate	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
conservation	O
of	O
a	O
characteristic	O
tetrad	O
of	O
residues	O
,	O
the	O
mRNA	B-PRGE
cap	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
function	O
has	O
been	O
assigned	O
to	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
has	O
potential	O
implications	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

Consultation	O
of	O
particular	O
cases	O
involving	O
experts	O
from	O
multiple	O
medical	O
science	O
fields	O
should	O
be	O
encouraged	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
effective	O
measure	O
against	O
newly	O
emerged	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Each	O
infant	O
had	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
severe	O
aspiration	B-DISO
syndromes	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
a	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
and	O
parenchymal	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
congenital	B-DISO
malformations	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hemophagocytic	O
lymphohistiocytic	O
syndrome	B-DISO
:	O
Unrecognized	O
cause	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Liver	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
three	O
and	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
involvement	O
and	O
coma	B-DISO
in	O
three	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Hemophagocytic	O
lymphohistiocytic	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
pediatric	O
population	O
may	O
have	O
a	O
dramatic	O
clinical	O
picture	O
,	O
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
presenting	O
symptom	B-DISO
or	O
early	O
in	O
the	O
disease	O
course	O
,	O
mandating	O
intensive	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
PICU	B-SPEC
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
most	O
cases	O
non	O
-	O
productive	O
,	O
myalgia	B-DISO
,	O
chills	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
rigor	B-DISO
are	O
the	O
leading	O
symptoms	O
.	O

Empirical	O
therapy	O
with	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
in	O
combination	O
with	O
high	O
dose	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
have	O
proved	O
successful	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
short	O
period	O
between	O
1	O
February	O
and	O
24	O
April	O
2003	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
4000	O
patients	O
.	O

Essential	O
steps	O
to	O
prevent	O
further	O
dissemination	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
are	O
rapid	O
identification	O
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
in	O
an	O
isolation	O
unit	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
warrants	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
compounds	O
to	O
treat	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Of	O
all	O
the	O
compounds	O
,	O
glycyrrhizin	B-CHED
was	O
the	O
most	O
active	O
in	O
inhibiting	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

By	O
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
analysis	O
,	O
Korean	O
field	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
branched	B-ANAT
into	O
different	O
groups	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
Korean	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
or	O
PRCV	O
strains	O
.	O

Feeding	O
of	O
single	O
dose	O
of	O
NAC	B-COMP
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
g	O
)	O
by	O
gavage	O
just	O
before	O
the	O
CEES	O
infusion	O
was	O
ineffective	O
to	O
counteract	O
these	O
effects	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
NAC	B-COMP
may	O
be	O
an	O
antidote	B-CHED
for	O
CEES	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Update	O
:	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
--	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
June	O
18	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
556	O
people	O
,	O
141	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
,	O
and	O
97	O
had	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Lymphopenia	B-DISO
was	O
shown	O
in	O
haemato	O
-	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
organs	I-ANAT
at	O
postmortem	O
examination	O
.	O

Abnormal	O
haematological	O
variables	O
were	O
common	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
radiographic	O
findings	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
at	O
presentation	O
are	O
unilateral	O
or	O
bilateral	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
or	O
focal	O
unilateral	O
or	O
bilateral	O
areas	O
of	O
consolidation	O
.	O

Between	O
November	O
2002	O
and	O
January	O
2003	O
,	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
7	O
cities	O
reported	O
to	O
have	O
identified	O
index	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
6	O
of	O
them	O
being	O
infected	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
cities	O
and	O
1	O
imported	O
from	O
Guangzhou	O
city	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
understand	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
some	O
areas	O
of	O
Guangdong	O
province	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
scientific	O
basis	O
for	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
measures	O
against	O
it	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
of	O
great	O
importance	O
to	O
prevent	O
clustered	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
iatrogenic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
essential	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
preventable	O
disease	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
under	O
control	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
experienced	O
a	O
drop	O
in	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
.	O

Nine	O
patients	O
had	O
hemolytic	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
11	O
women	O
and	O
3	O
men	O
described	O
here	O
(	O
mean	O
age	O
42	O
[	O
standard	O
deviation	O
[	O
SD	O
]	O
9	O
]	O
years	O
)	O
were	O
all	O
involved	O
in	O
providing	O
medical	O
or	O
ancillary	O
hospital	O
services	O
to	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
later	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

For	O
5	O
patients	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
still	O
showed	O
residual	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
mysterious	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
that	O
has	O
originated	O
from	O
the	O
southern	O
Chinese	O
province	O
of	O
Guangdong	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
major	O
public	O
health	O
threat	O
and	O
medical	O
challenge	O
.	O

These	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
sometimes	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
causing	O
a	O
great	O
concern	O
for	O
health	O
authorities	O
and	O
general	O
population	O
.	O

Current	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
such	O
as	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
have	O
not	O
achieved	O
very	O
satisfactory	O
results	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Authors	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
acute	O
White	O
-	O
Spirit	O
poisoning	O
with	O
pulmonary	O
hypertension	O
associated	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Cardiac	B-ANAT
ultrasounds	O
showed	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
rapidly	O
resolved	O
with	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
checked	O
for	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
White	O
-	O
Spirit	O
ingestion	O
complicated	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
locate	O
the	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
packaging	O
signal	O
,	O
the	O
incorporation	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
(	O
sgmRNAs	O
)	O
into	O
virions	B-COMP
was	O
first	O
addressed	O
.	O

Detection	O
of	O
sgmRNAs	O
in	O
virions	B-COMP
by	O
specific	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCRs	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCRs	O
)	O
was	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
purity	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
preparations	O
.	O

Examination	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
showed	O
minimal	O
auscultatory	O
findings	O
.	O

Children	O
younger	O
than	O
12	O
yrs	O
seemed	O
less	O
ill	B-DISO
but	O
had	O
more	O
coughing	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
explore	O
if	O
the	O
least	O
expressed	B-PROC
ORF	B-PRGE
,	O
ORF	B-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
encodes	O
a	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
is	O
evolutionarily	O
conserved	O
and	O
functionally	O
indispensable	O
for	O
viral	O
propagation	O
in	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
Beaudette	O
strain	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
was	O
propagated	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryonated	O
eggs	O
for	O
three	O
passages	O
and	O
then	O
adapted	O
to	O
a	O
monkey	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
,	O
Vero	O
.	O

The	O
3b	O
gene	O
of	O
passage	O
3	O
in	O
embryonated	O
eggs	O
and	O
passages	O
7	O
,	O
15	O
,	O
20	O
,	O
25	O
,	O
30	O
,	O
35	O
50	O
,	O
and	O
65	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
amplified	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
sequenced	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
viral	O
RNA	O
extracted	O
from	O
passages	O
35	O
,	O
50	O
,	O
and	O
65	O
contained	O
a	O
single	O
A	O
insertion	O
in	O
a	O
6A	O
stretch	O
of	O
the	O
3b	O
gene	O
between	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
24075	O
and	O
24080	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
early	O
passages	O
carried	O
the	O
normal	O
3b	O
gene	O
.	O

We	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
frameshifting	O
product	O
,	O
cloned	O
in	O
a	O
plasmid	O
,	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
transfected	O
with	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
construct	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
three	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
tested	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
),	O
bovine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
only	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
proved	O
sensitive	O
to	O
the	O
3	O
-	O
HP	O
-	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
red	O
fowl	O
mite	O
(	O
Dermanyssus	B-SPEC
gallinae	I-SPEC
)	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
birds	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
nests	O
.	O

Only	O
10	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
owners	O
interviewed	O
had	O
scientific	O
knowledge	O
on	O
poultry	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
five	O
patients	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
from	O
December	O
2002	O
to	O
April	O
2003	O
.	O

Statistical	O
analysis	O
was	O
made	O
using	O
SPSS	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
and	O
forward	O
stepwise	O
(	O
wald	O
)	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
interrelationships	O
between	O
multiple	O
variables	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
seven	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
,	O
the	O
lesions	O
were	O
included	O
multi	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
lobes	B-ANAT
,	O
revealing	O
earlier	O
appearance	O
and	O
faster	O
progression	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
others	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
might	O
develop	O
rapidly	O
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
given	O
GC	O
before	O
or	O
during	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
66	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
68	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
was	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
given	O
GC	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
90	O
.	O
0	O
%).	O

Tissue	B-ANAT
elastance	O
and	O
resistance	B-PROC
augmented	O
from	O
control	O
to	O
P10	O
(	O
1	O
and	O
30	O
days	O
)	O
and	O
P25	O
.	O

Methylprednisolone	B-CHED
at	O
1	O
or	O
6	O
hours	O
attenuated	O
in	O
vivo	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
mechanical	O
changes	O
in	O
P25	O
,	O
whereas	O
P10	O
parameters	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
army	O
of	O
the	O
men	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
in	O
John	O
Bunyan	O
'	O
s	O
memorable	O
phrase	O
,	O
has	O
a	O
new	O
recruit	O
,	O
and	O
fear	O
has	O
a	O
new	O
face	O
:	O
a	O
face	B-DISO
wearing	O
a	O
surgical	O
mask	O
.	O

The	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
specimens	O
were	O
studied	O
further	O
with	O
Macchiavello	O
staining	O
,	O
viral	B-ANAT
inclusion	I-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
staining	O
,	O
reticulin	B-CHED
staining	O
,	O
PAS	B-COMP
staining	O
,	O
immunohistochemistry	O
,	O
ultrathin	O
sectioning	O
and	O
staining	O
,	O
light	O
microscopy	O
,	O
and	O
transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
also	O
massive	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
of	O
splenic	B-ANAT
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
and	O
localized	O
necrosis	B-PROC
in	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
.	O

Thrombosis	B-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
small	O
veins	B-ANAT
.	O

Electron	O
microscopy	O
demonstrated	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
immune	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
systemic	O
small	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
are	O
the	O
main	O
targets	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
attack	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
extensive	O
consolidation	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
with	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
decreased	O
immune	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
are	O
the	O
main	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Analyses	O
on	O
one	O
case	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
'	O
super	O
transmitter	O
'	O
and	O
chain	O
of	O
transmission	O
].	O

Standardized	O
questionnaire	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
conduct	B-PROC
case	O
investigation	O
and	O
contact	O
tracing	O
by	O
combining	O
the	O
field	O
investigation	O
and	O
telephone	O
interview	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
evidence	O
indicating	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
were	O
infectious	B-DISO
during	O
their	O
incubation	O
period	O
.	O

20	O
deaths	B-PROC
occurred	O
in	O
that	O
period	O
with	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
4	O
.	O
49	O
%.	O

Another	O
131	O
cases	O
were	O
excluded	O
the	O
original	O
diagnoses	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
including	O
10	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
and	O
121	O
suspected	O
cases	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
was	O
reported	O
in	O
Inner	O
Mongolian	O
Autonomous	O
Region	O
on	O
March	O
27	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

Fluctuation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
epidemics	O
was	O
mainly	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
mobility	O
of	O
working	O
population	O
who	O
recently	O
returned	O
to	O
their	O
hometowns	O
.	O

Sensitivity	O
,	O
specificity	O
and	O
agreement	O
value	O
of	O
IFA	O
regarding	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
all	O
higher	O
than	O
90	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
review	O
radiographic	O
findings	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
probable	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
who	O
were	O
seen	O
at	O
a	O
University	O
of	O
Toronto	O
(	O
Ontario	O
,	O
Canada	O
)	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
.	O

Subsegmental	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
and	O
pleural	O
complications	O
were	O
rarely	O
observed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
management	O
and	O
reconfiguration	O
of	O
a	O
radiology	O
department	O
in	O
an	O
infectious	O
disease	O
situation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
pandemic	O
with	O
important	O
public	O
health	O
concerns	O
.	O

Barrier	O
precautions	O
,	O
reconfiguration	O
of	O
the	O
department	O
,	O
separation	B-DISO
of	O
imaging	O
equipment	O
,	O
cleaning	O
procedures	O
,	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
,	O
and	O
staff	O
safety	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

Patients	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
following	O
criteria	O
:	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
>	O
24	O
hours	O
,	O
head	B-ANAT
Abbreviated	O
Injury	O
Scale	O
score	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
3	O
,	O
no	O
other	O
body	B-ANAT
region	I-ANAT
Abbreviated	O
Injury	O
Scale	O
score	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
age	O
between	O
18	O
and	O
54	O
years	O
.	O

Glasgow	O
Coma	B-DISO
Scale	O
(	O
GCS	O
)	O
score	O
,	O
Marshall	O
CT	O
scan	O
score	O
,	O
and	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
abnormality	O
were	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ALI	O
.	O

Only	O
3	O
of	O
16	O
(	O
19	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
deaths	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
ALI	O
group	O
were	O
directly	O
related	O
to	O
ALI	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
One	O
hundred	O
thirty	O
-	O
seven	O
patients	O
with	O
isolated	O
head	B-ANAT
trauma	O
were	O
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
over	O
a	O
4	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
features	O
of	O
77	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
previously	O
reported	O
an	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
young	O
adults	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
episodic	O
and	O
exclusive	O
viral	O
wheeze	B-DISO
(	O
EVW	B-DISO
)	O
using	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
in	O
which	O
16	O
of	O
24	O
with	O
EVW	B-DISO
(	O
15	O
atopic	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
11	O
of	O
19	O
healthy	O
controls	O
(	O
seven	O
atopic	B-DISO
)	O
developed	O
a	O
symptomatic	O
cold	B-DISO
with	O
evidence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
only	O
those	O
with	O
EVW	B-DISO
developed	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
symptoms	O
and	O
increased	O
airway	B-ANAT
responsiveness	O
.	O

IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
increased	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tracts	I-ANAT
in	O
both	O
EVW	O
and	O
control	O
subjects	O
with	O
colds	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
largest	O
change	O
being	O
seen	O
on	O
day	O
4	O
in	O
the	O
sputum	B-ANAT
of	O
those	O
with	O
EVW	O
(	O
mean	O
difference	O
from	O
baseline	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
)	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
55	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
46	O
)	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
).	O

Only	O
modest	O
changes	O
were	O
seen	O
in	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
and	O
no	O
changes	O
were	O
seen	O
in	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
5	I-FUNC
or	O
ECP	B-PRGE
.	O

EVW	O
wheeze	B-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
neutrophilic	B-PROC
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
both	O
the	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tracts	I-ANAT
without	O
eosinophilia	B-DISO
(	O
even	O
in	O
atopic	B-DISO
subjects	O
).	O

The	O
etiology	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
likely	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
describe	O
a	O
patient	O
post	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
who	O
contracted	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
died	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
with	O
subsequent	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
family	B-SPEC
and	O
several	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
piglets	O
with	O
a	O
korean	O
strain	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

A	O
web	B-DISO
service	O
is	O
provided	O
,	O
by	O
which	O
a	O
user	O
can	O
obtain	O
the	O
annotated	O
result	O
immediately	O
by	O
pasting	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
sequences	O
into	O
the	O
input	O
window	O
on	O
the	O
web	B-DISO
site	O
(	O
http	O
://	O
tubic	O
.	O
tju	O
.	O
edu	O
.	O
cn	O
/	O
sars	B-DISO
/).	O

In	O
acute	O
(<	O
48	O
hours	O
)	O
hyponatremia	O
,	O
usually	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
postoperative	O
period	O
,	O
prompt	O
treatment	O
with	O
hypertonic	O
saline	O
(	O
3	O
%)	O
can	O
prevent	O
seizures	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
urea	B-CHED
to	O
treat	O
hyponatremia	O
represents	O
an	O
advantageous	O
alternative	O
to	O
hypertonic	O
saline	O
.	O

The	O
further	O
experiments	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
N1	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
polyclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
had	O
a	O
high	O
affinity	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
expressed	B-PROC
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
confirmed	O
that	O
N1	B-PRGE
peptide	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detectable	O
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
assess	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
to	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
13	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
N	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
were	O
not	O
detectable	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

The	O
IgM	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
seroprotection	O
rates	O
were	O
83	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
and	O
66	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
respectively	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
week	O
,	O
both	O
reaching	B-PROC
100	O
%	O
at	O
the	O
third	O
week	O
.	O

This	O
ELISA	O
-	O
based	O
test	O
for	O
detecting	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
may	O
be	O
of	O
significant	O
value	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
suggest	O
that	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
immunodominant	O
and	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
recognized	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
capable	O
of	O
causing	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Secondary	O
outcomes	O
included	O
rate	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
,	O
number	O
of	O
tertiary	O
care	O
ICUs	O
and	O
staff	O
placed	O
under	O
quarantine	O
,	O
and	O
number	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
contracting	O
SARS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
ICU	O
-	O
acquired	O
transmission	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
were	O
more	O
often	O
older	O
,	O
had	O
preexisting	O
diabetes	B-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
on	O
admission	O
to	O
hospital	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
bilateral	O
radiographic	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
greatly	O
strained	O
regional	O
critical	O
care	O
resources	O
.	O

To	O
describe	O
the	O
clinical	O
spectrum	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
response	O
to	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

Until	O
the	O
validation	O
of	O
diagnostic	O
kits	O
is	O
completed	O
,	O
clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
,	O
contact	O
history	O
,	O
and	O
radiologic	O
findings	O
are	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

Since	O
then	O
,	O
probable	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
30	O
countries	O
and	O
the	O
current	O
cumulative	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
is	O
8	O
,	O
240	O
with	O
745	O
deaths	B-PROC
and	O
a	O
global	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
9	O
%.	O

Most	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
date	O
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
young	O
adults	O
and	O
this	O
disease	O
appears	O
to	O
spread	O
most	O
commonly	O
by	O
close	O
person	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
person	O
contact	O
,	O
involving	O
exposure	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
droplets	O
and	O
body	B-ANAT
fluids	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
to	O
less	O
developed	O
country	O
with	O
limited	O
resource	O
for	O
public	O
health	O
programs	O
,	O
represent	O
the	O
emerging	O
alarming	O
threat	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
global	O
scenario	O
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	O
and	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
alignment	O
between	O
this	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
others	O
was	O
not	O
more	O
than	O
40	O
%	O
and	O
70	O
%	O
to	O
82	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
cloned	O
from	O
the	O
6	O
patients	O
were	O
identical	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
Shenzhen	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
this	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

During	O
the	O
respiratory	O
phase	O
that	O
begins	O
around	O
day	O
3	O
,	O
patients	O
start	O
developing	O
a	O
dry	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
,	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
and	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
includes	O
supportive	O
measures	O
and	O
the	O
empiric	O
use	O
of	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
observe	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
103	O
patients	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
treated	O
by	O
integrative	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
and	O
western	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

For	O
the	O
protection	O
of	O
neonatal	O
and	O
older	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
oral	B-ANAT
live	O
vaccines	O
present	O
the	O
attractive	O
property	O
of	O
inducing	O
desired	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
including	O
colostral	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
sows	O
--	O
an	O
effective	O
means	O
to	O
passively	O
protect	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
encoding	O
the	O
entire	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
(	O
ORF	O
)	O
of	O
Chinju99	O
was	O
4	O
,	O
152	O
bases	B-CHED
long	O
encoding	O
1	O
,	O
383	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
78	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
on	O
78	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
referred	O
to	O
the	O
Guangzhou	O
Institute	O
of	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
(	O
GIRD	O
)	O
between	O
December	O
22	O
,	O
2002	O
and	O
near	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
March	O
2003	O
.	O

3	O
.	O
1	O
)%	O
with	O
supplementary	O
oxygen	B-CHED
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
disease	O
with	O
high	O
infectivity	O
and	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
clinical	O
and	O
radiological	O
features	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
and	O
CT	O
appearances	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
an	O
analysis	O
of	O
28	O
cases	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
and	O
CT	O
were	O
performed	O
in	O
28	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
within	O
one	O
to	O
three	O
days	O
after	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Abnormal	O
CT	O
findings	O
were	O
noted	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
patients	O
,	O
but	O
abnormal	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
findings	O
in	O
17	O
cases	O
(	O
60	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
17	O
/	O
28	O
).	O

The	O
numbers	O
of	O
CD	O
(	O
3	O
)(+),	O
CD	O
(	O
4	O
)(+),	O
and	O
CD	O
(	O
8	O
)(+)	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
all	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
in	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
[(	O
722	O
+/-	O
533	O
)/	O
microliter	O
,	O
(	O
438	O
+/-	O
353	O
)/	O
microliter	O
,	O
(	O
307	O
+/-	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
efficacy	O
of	O
red	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
exchange	O
during	O
ACS	B-FUNC
.	O

During	O
follow	O
up	O
(	O
14	O
-	O
32	O
months	O
),	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
6	O
patients	O
developed	O
viral	O
complications	O
related	O
to	O
transfusion	O
therapy	O
,	O
alloimmunization	O
or	O
recurrence	B-DISO
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
.	O

Occupational	O
health	O
nurses	O
must	O
educate	O
themselves	O
and	O
their	O
employees	O
about	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
allow	O
for	O
accurate	O
and	O
timely	O
sharing	O
of	O
information	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
recently	O
recognized	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
sequelae	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
quarantine	O
to	O
prevent	O
transmission	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
--	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
On	O
July	O
5	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
Taiwan	O
was	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
list	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
affected	O
countries	O
.	O

Initial	O
efforts	O
to	O
control	O
SARS	B-DISO
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
;	O
these	O
efforts	O
included	O
isolation	O
of	O
suspect	O
and	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
(	O
PPE	B-CHED
)	O
for	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
and	O
visitors	O
,	O
and	O
quarantine	O
of	O
contacts	O
of	O
known	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Chinese	O
term	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
recommended	O
in	O
the	O
paper	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
were	O
operated	O
on	O
under	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
bypass	O
with	O
implantation	B-PROC
of	O
25	O
-	O
29	O
mm	O
size	O
home	O
-	O
made	O
tilting	O
disc	B-COMP
valve	B-ANAT
prosthesis	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
16	O
late	O
deaths	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
related	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
thromboembolism	B-DISO
and	O
recurrence	B-DISO
of	O
rheumatic	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
.	O

Among	O
the	O
patients	O
who	O
survived	O
over	O
20	O
years	O
,	O
37	O
patients	O
had	O
the	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
functional	O
status	O
returned	O
to	O
Class	B-SPEC
II	O
,	O
13	O
Class	B-SPEC
III	O
,	O
and	O
Class	B-SPEC
IV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Study	O
on	O
etiology	O
and	O
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

Thrombosis	B-DISO
was	O
seen	O
in	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
small	O
veins	B-ANAT
.	O

Extensive	O
consolidation	O
of	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
to	O
a	O
large	O
extent	O
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
decrease	O
of	O
immune	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
are	O
the	O
main	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
pathological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
its	O
relationship	O
to	O
clinical	O
manifestation	O
.	O

A	O
mixture	B-CHED
features	O
of	O
serous	O
,	O
fibrinous	O
and	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
were	O
seen	O
in	O
most	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
alveoli	I-ANAT
with	O
engorgement	B-DISO
of	O
capillary	B-ANAT
and	O
there	O
were	O
microthrombosis	O
in	O
some	O
capillary	B-ANAT
.	O

Fibrinoid	O
materials	O
and	O
erythrocytes	B-ANAT
could	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
spaces	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
thrombo	O
-	O
embolisms	B-DISO
in	O
some	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Severe	O
damages	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
immunological	O
system	O
damage	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
patients	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
immunohistochemical	O
study	O
,	O
CD	O
(	O
20	O
)(+)	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
fully	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
and	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
CD45RO	O
(	O
UCHL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
scatteredly	O
expressed	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
principal	O
lesions	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
consisted	O
of	O
acute	O
lobular	O
intrastitial	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
hyaloid	O
membranes	B-ANAT
of	O
pulmonic	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
and	O
hyperplasia	B-DISO
and	O
shedding	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
of	O
.	O

Infectious	B-DISO
virons	O
entered	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
endocytosis	B-PATH
or	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
and	O
released	O
through	O
a	O
budding	B-PATH
process	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
levels	O
of	O
systemic	B-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
class	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
:	O
structural	O
and	O
functional	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
fusion	O
core	O
complex	O
.	O

The	O
180	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kDa	I-PRGE
oligomeric	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
is	O
posttranslationally	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
into	O
an	O
S1	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
binding	O
unit	O
and	O
an	O
S2	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
unit	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
in	O
over	O
1700	O
patients	O
between	O
March	O
and	O
early	O
June	O
2003	O
.	O

Transcription	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
after	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
by	O
an	O
antisense	O
riboprobe	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
by	O
immunohistology	O
in	O
the	O
heart	B-ANAT
and	O
bursa	B-SPEC
.	O

Experiments	O
were	O
conducted	O
to	O
determine	O
1	O
)	O
effect	O
of	O
EPEC	O
dose	O
,	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
concurrent	O
TCV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
2	O
)	O
effect	O
of	O
TCV	B-SPEC
exposure	O
,	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
EPEC	O
exposure	O
,	O
on	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
clinical	O
disease	O
.	O

Organ	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
7	O
dead	B-PROC
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
collected	O
from	O
Guangdong	O
,	O
Shanxi	O
,	O
Sichuan	O
Provinces	O
and	O
Beijing	O
for	O
electron	O
microscopic	O
examination	O
.	O

Since	O
the	O
novel	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
agent	O
was	O
found	O
co	O
-	O
existing	O
with	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
agent	O
in	O
the	O
dead	B-PROC
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
it	O
looks	O
most	O
likely	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
agents	O
play	O
some	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
study	O
of	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
element	O
HNF4	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
mfg12	O
prothrombinase	B-PRGE
/	O
fibroleukin	B-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
in	O
response	O
to	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
].	O

Confocus	O
microscope	O
immunofluorescence	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
show	O
whether	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
enters	O
into	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
of	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
critical	O
step	O
for	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
facilitate	O
its	O
transactivation	B-PROC
property	O
.	O

Western	O
blotting	O
displayed	O
that	O
HNF4	B-PRGE
was	O
constitutively	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
significant	O
change	O
under	O
the	O
stimulation	O
of	O
different	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

Safety	O
issues	O
involving	O
breathing	B-PROC
-	O
circuit	O
filters	O
.	O

ECRI	O
recommends	O
that	O
breathing	B-PROC
-	O
circuit	O
filters	O
be	O
incorporated	O
in	O
the	O
exhalation	B-PROC
limb	B-ANAT
of	O
any	O
ventilator	O
used	O
on	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
issues	O
behind	O
our	O
recommendations	O
and	O
describe	O
steps	O
hospitals	O
can	O
take	O
to	O
prevent	O
any	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
on	O
ventilation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
CDC	O
and	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
have	O
characterized	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	O
syndrome	O
that	O
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
numerous	O
deaths	B-PROC
worldwide	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
Patients	O
with	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
probable	O
or	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
Taipei	O
Veterans	O
General	O
Hospital	O
during	O
the	O
period	O
from	O
March	O
26	O
,	O
2003	O
to	O
May	O
25	O
,	O
2003	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Taipei	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
Taiwanese	O
back	B-ANAT
from	O
Guangdong	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
received	O
standard	O
treatment	O
:	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
1000	O
mg	O
orally	B-ANAT
daily	O
for	O
10	O
days	O
,	O
Levofloxacin	B-CHED
500	O
mg	O
orally	B-ANAT
daily	O
for	O
7	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
intravenous	B-PRGE
immunoglobulin	I-PRGE
(	O
IVIG	O
)	O
1	O
g	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
day	O
for	O
2	O
day	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

Initial	O
presentation	O
of	O
radiographic	O
patterns	O
includes	O
normal	O
,	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
or	O
airspace	O
shadowing	O
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
and	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
are	O
occasionally	O
followed	O
by	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
respiratory	O
compromise	O
.	O

Patient	O
3	O
was	O
a	O
19	O
-	O
yr	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
with	O
pretransplant	O
Hct	O
of	O
43	O
%	O
who	O
received	O
a	O
cadaveric	O
renal	O
transplant	B-ANAT
after	O
23	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
h	O
cold	B-DISO
-	O
ischemia	B-DISO
;	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
L	O
normal	O
saline	O
was	O
given	O
during	O
surgery	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
following	O
a	O
sudden	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
on	O
POD	O
no	O
.	O
3	O
.	O

Potential	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
PE	O
include	O
cytokine	O
release	B-PATH
from	O
basiliximab	O
with	O
increased	B-PROC
capillary	I-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
,	O
volume	B-DISO
overload	I-DISO
and	O
ischemic	O
-	O
reperfusion	O
injury	O
.	O

Improved	O
awareness	O
of	O
this	O
potential	O
complication	B-DISO
,	O
prudent	O
fluid	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
efforts	O
to	O
minimize	O
graft	B-ANAT
-	O
ischemia	B-DISO
are	O
recommended	O
to	O
prevent	O
further	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Description	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
delivery	O
system	O
for	O
aerosolized	O
prostacyclin	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
delivery	O
system	O
was	O
retrospectively	O
evaluated	O
by	O
way	O
of	O
the	O
responses	O
of	O
11	O
severely	O
hypoxemic	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
PGI	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
via	O
the	O
system	O
we	O
describe	O
.	O

Aerosolized	O
PGI	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
therapy	O
(	O
mean	O
dose	O
28	O
+/-	O

17	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
)	O
and	O
arterial	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	I-PROC
measured	O
via	O
pulse	B-PROC
oximetry	O
(	O
86	O
+/-	O

There	O
were	O
91	O
patients	O
with	O
common	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
23	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
61	O
common	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
patients	O
served	O
as	O
the	O
controls	O
.	O

The	O
damage	O
possibility	O
of	O
liver	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
is	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
common	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Large	O
patch	O
of	O
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
large	O
area	O
of	O
consolidation	O
,	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
shadow	O
,	O
diffuse	O
lung	B-ANAT
lesion	O
and	O
involvement	O
of	O
both	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
the	O
main	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
image	O
characteristics	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
typical	O
pathological	O
changes	O
of	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
diffuse	O
hemorrhaging	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
typical	O
pathological	O
changes	O
of	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
diffuse	O
hemorrhaging	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
.	O

The	O
level	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
was	O
increased	O
to	O
a	O
great	O
extent	O
in	O
the	O
35	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
were	O
242	O
.	O
53	O
(	O
92	O
.	O
69	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
77	O
.	O
43	O
(	O
63	O
.	O
37	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
and	O
65	O
.	O
94	O
(	O
43	O
.	O
21	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
CD	O
(	O
3	O
)(+),	O
CD	O
(	O
4	O
)(+)	O
and	O
CD	O
(	O
8	O
)(+)	O
counts	O
were	O
lower	O
than	O
normal	O
in	O
23	O
patients	O
(	O
67	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
26	O
patients	O
(	O
74	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
and	O
15	O
patients	O
(	O
42	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
WBC	B-ANAT
counts	O
were	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
in	O
20	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
CD	O
(	O
3	O
)(+),	O
CD	O
(	O
4	O
)(+)	O
and	O
CD	O
(	O
8	O
)(+)	O
counts	O
were	O
700	O
.	O
00	O
(	O
502	O
.	O
96	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
,	O
347	O
.	O
00	O
(	O
247	O
.	O
58	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
and	O
322	O
.	O
05	O
(	O
228	O
.	O
47	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
level	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
is	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
cell	B-COMP
immunity	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
level	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
was	O
increased	O
to	O
a	O
great	O
extent	O
in	O
the	O
35	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
were	O
242	O
.	O
53	O
(	O
92	O
.	O
69	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
77	O
.	O
43	O
(	O
63	O
.	O
37	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
and	O
65	O
.	O
94	O
(	O
43	O
.	O
21	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
establish	O
a	O
fluorescent	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
F	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
method	O
for	O
detecting	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
related	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
its	O
value	O
for	O
clinical	O
application	O
.	O

The	O
primers	O
and	O
the	O
fluorescence	O
-	O
labeled	O
probe	O
were	O
designed	O
and	O
synthesized	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
published	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
genes	O
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
nine	O
out	O
of	O
67	O
samples	O
from	O
identified	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
8	O
of	O
18	O
samples	O
from	O
persons	O
having	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
showed	O
positive	O
results	O
.	O

Also	O
,	O
a	O
clear	O
definition	O
of	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
pocket	O
for	O
KZ7088	O
has	O
been	O
presented	O
.	O

Published	O
experience	O
in	O
adults	O
suggests	O
that	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
can	O
successfully	O
support	O
trauma	O
victims	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Hemorrhage	B-DISO
occurs	O
frequently	O
but	O
is	O
manageable	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
329	O
(	O
75	O
%)	O
of	O
436	O
patients	O
fitting	B-DISO
the	O
case	O
definition	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
;	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
41	O
(	O
12	O
%)	O
of	O
335	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
only	O
sporadically	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
pneumonic	O
areas	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
localised	O
to	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
syncytia	B-ANAT
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
and	O
transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
undergone	O
to	O
lumbar	B-ANAT
puncture	O
,	O
spinal	O
MRI	O
and	O
SEPs	O
which	O
were	O
all	O
normal	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
most	O
likely	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
agent	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Analysis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
].	O

Other	O
common	O
findings	O
included	O
elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
alanine	B-ENZY
aminotransferase	I-ENZY
,	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
and	O
erythrocyte	B-ANAT
sedimentation	O
(	O
76	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
28	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
and	O
47	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
and	O
decreased	O
levels	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
iron	O
and	O
albumin	B-PRGE
(	O
63	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
and	O
47	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
respectively	O
).	O

In	O
a	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
(	O
Stata	B-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
0	I-PRGE
),	O
the	O
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
an	O
adverse	O
outcome	O
was	O
advanced	O
age	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
per	O
decade	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
08	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
63	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
).	O

Fever	B-PROC
,	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
low	O
serum	B-COMP
iron	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
are	O
helpful	O
to	O
diagnose	O
SARS	B-DISO
early	O
;	O
age	O
is	O
the	O
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
an	O
outcome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Glucocorticoid	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
:	O
a	O
preliminary	O
report	O
].	O

383	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
/	O
microl	O
.	O

Thus	O
the	O
disease	O
is	O
aggravated	O
and	O
patients	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
suffer	B-DISO
from	O
severe	O
secondary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
main	O
surface	O
antigen	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
there	O
should	O
be	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

Other	O
46	O
cases	O
were	O
accompanied	O
by	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

Continual	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
CPAP	O
)	O
and	O
glucocorticoid	O
was	O
required	O
that	O
can	O
control	O
deprivation	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
when	O
toxicosis	B-DISO
symptom	B-DISO
of	O
patients	O
was	O
severity	O
and	O
shadow	O
of	O
lungs	B-ANAT
diffuse	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
.	O

Management	O
with	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
effectively	O
ameliorated	O
and	O
suppressed	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

Specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
of	O
IgM	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
267	O
serum	B-COMP
specimens	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
132	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
or	O
healthy	O
persons	O
were	O
assayed	O
with	O
IFA	O
or	O
ELISA	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
found	O
having	O
damage	O
of	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
markedly	O
.	O

The	O
opacity	B-DISO
disappeared	O
gradually	O
in	O
5	O
weeks	O
in	O
84	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
.	O

Lungs	B-ANAT
complicated	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
found	O
in	O
6	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
prolonged	O
duration	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
.	O

The	O
levels	O
of	O
CD3	B-PRGE
(+),	I-PRGE
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
decrease	O
significantly	O
and	O
go	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
lowest	O
point	O
at	O
days	O
10	O
approximately	O
12	O
after	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
levels	O
of	O
CD3	B-PRGE
(+),	I-PRGE
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
group	O
[(	O
589	O
+/-	O
435	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
,	O
(	O
316	O
+/-	O
267	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
and	O
(	O
215	O
+/-	O
165	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)/	O
L	O
,	O
respectively	O
]	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
normal	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Both	O
serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgE	B-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
group	O
[(	O
15	O
.	O
1	O
+/-	O
8	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
g	O
/	O
L	O
and	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
)	O
g	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
respectively	O
]	O
were	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
normal	O
group	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
nine	O
patients	O
(	O
11	O
men	O
and	O
18	O
women	O
,	O
20	O
-	O
74	O
years	O
old	O
age	O
range	O
)	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
infectious	B-DISO
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
admitted	O
in	O
our	O
hospital	O
from	O
the	O
March	O
5th	O
to	O
April	O
14th	O
,	O
2003	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Early	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
early	O
isolation	O
,	O
early	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
for	O
patients	O
and	O
efficient	O
prevention	O
for	O
health	O
care	O
providers	O
are	O
urgently	O
recommended	O
.	O

High	O
solution	O
CT	O
showed	O
solitary	O
or	O
multiple	O
cotton	B-SPEC
wadding	O
like	O
images	O
and	O
ground	O
glass	O
-	O
like	O
or	O
consolidation	O
images	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
mainly	O
affects	O
youth	O
and	O
people	O
in	O
their	O
prime	O
of	O
life	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
epidemiological	O
investigation	O
,	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
typically	O
ranges	O
from	O
2	O
-	O
7	O
days	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
be	O
over	O
10	O
day	O
.	O

Outbreak	O
control	O
measures	O
include	O
:	O
firstly	O
,	O
controlling	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
through	O
early	O
detection	O
,	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
early	O
reporting	O
,	O
early	O
isolation	O
and	O
early	O
treatment	O
:	O
secondly	O
,	O
break	O
the	O
chain	O
of	O
transmission	O
:	O
thirdly	O
,	O
protecting	O
the	O
vulnerable	O
;	O
and	O
fourthly	O
,	O
dissemination	O
of	O
information	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
275	O
contacts	O
of	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
,	O
41	O
fell	O
ill	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
an	O
attack	O
rate	O
of	O
14	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
and	O
5	O
deaths	B-PROC
with	O
a	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
12	O
.	O
2	O
%.	O

The	O
transmission	O
chain	O
of	O
this	O
outbreak	O
could	O
be	O
clearly	O
delineated	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
41	O
cases	O
had	O
close	O
contacts	O
with	O
their	O
infectors	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
of	O
the	O
previous	O
generation	O
within	O
the	O
symptomatic	O
period	O
thereof	O
.	O

Seven	O
cases	O
are	O
treated	O
by	O
steroid	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
first	O
3	O
days	O
when	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
is	O
normal	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
become	O
positive	O
during	O
6	O
-	O
8	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
course	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
fastigium	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
disease	O
transform	O
very	O
quickly	O
,	O
we	O
need	O
pay	O
more	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
patient	O
.	O

The	O
model	O
is	O
fitted	B-DISO
to	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Ontario	O
(	O
Toronto	O
)	O
in	O
Canada	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
Singapore	O
outbreaks	O
and	O
predictions	O
are	O
made	O
based	O
on	O
various	O
assumptions	O
and	O
observations	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
current	O
effect	O
of	O
isolating	O
individuals	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
it	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
surprising	O
to	O
see	O
levels	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
higher	O
than	O
10	O
%	O
in	O
some	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
(	O
if	O
unchecked	O
),	O
lack	O
of	O
data	O
and	O
the	O
observed	O
heterogeneity	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
parameters	O
prevent	O
us	O
from	O
predicting	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
more	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
sequences	O
are	O
released	O
to	O
the	O
GenBank	O
database	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
replicase	I-PRGE
polyprotein	I-PRGE
ORF1b	I-PRGE
is	O
undergoing	O
negative	O
selection	O
;	O
negative	O
selection	O
force	O
is	O
also	O
probably	O
operating	O
on	O
spike	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
three	O
stages	O
depict	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
interventive	O
measures	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
since	O
late	O
April	O
.	O

All	O
lungs	B-ANAT
from	O
these	O
cases	O
were	O
extremely	O
expanded	O
and	O
became	O
solid	O
.	O

Foci	O
of	O
haemorrhage	B-DISO
and	O
lobular	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
even	O
diffuse	O
fungal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
frequently	O
seen	O
in	O
these	O
specimens	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
one	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
reached	O
the	O
standard	O
of	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
'	O
s	O
""""	O
critical	O
level	O
""""	O
were	O
transferred	O
into	O
our	O
ICU	O
in	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
11	O
days	O
after	O
onset	O
and	O
enrolled	O
in	O
this	O
clinical	O
trial	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
underwent	O
respiratory	O
support	O
and	O
clinical	O
nutrition	B-PROC
support	O
as	O
scheduled	O
.	O

The	O
longest	O
stool	B-ANAT
shedding	O
case	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
lasted	O
64	O
days	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
observed	O
longest	O
stool	B-ANAT
shedding	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
to	O
be	O
64	O
days	O
after	O
initial	O
onset	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
['	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
'	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
):	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
prevention	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
recently	O
identified	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Since	O
November	O
2002	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
spread	O
from	O
South	O
China	O
to	O
almost	O
30	O
other	O
countries	O
,	O
where	O
about	O
8500	O
infected	O
individuals	O
have	O
been	O
registered	O
;	O
about	O
800	O
people	O
have	O
already	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
disease	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
polymorphous	O
nanocrystalline	O
KNbO3	O
by	O
a	O
low	O
temperature	O
solution	O
method	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Orthorhombic	O
and	O
rhombohedral	O
single	O
nanocrystalline	O
KNbO3	O
with	O
different	O
morphologies	O
was	O
synthesized	O
respectively	O
at	O
a	O
relatively	O
low	O
temperature	O
by	O
simply	O
changing	O
the	O
reaction	O
solvent	B-CHED
;	O
a	O
conceivable	O
reaction	O
process	O
was	O
illustrated	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
finding	O
of	O
a	O
hexahedral	O
intermediate	O
product	O
during	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
KNbO3	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Viral	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
:	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
contemporary	O
hospital	O
management	O
].	O

So	O
called	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
which	O
are	O
rotaviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
small	O
round	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
astroviruses	O
,	O
caliciviruses	O
,	O
corona	B-CHED
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
Coxackie	O
,	O
ECHO	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
the	O
agents	O
of	O
disorders	O
in	O
digestive	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
intoxications	O
.	O

26	O
mmHg	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
diastolic	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
was	O
98	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
epidemiologic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)].	O

The	O
result	O
showed	O
that	O
72	O
/	O
80	O
patients	O
had	O
exposed	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
least	O
contact	O
time	O
was	O
only	O
20	O
minutes	O
,	O
the	O
average	O
incubation	O
period	O
was	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O

The	O
lack	O
of	O
isolation	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
protection	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
factor	O
for	O
the	O
hospital	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
early	O
isolation	O
could	O
efficiently	O
prevent	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
result	O
showed	O
that	O
72	O
/	O
80	O
patients	O
had	O
exposed	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
least	O
contact	O
time	O
was	O
only	O
20	O
minutes	O
,	O
the	O
average	O
incubation	O
period	O
was	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Retrospective	O
analysis	O
for	O
first	O
-	O
visiting	O
case	O
data	O
of	O
272	O
SARS	B-DISO
inpatients	O
in	O
Peking	O
University	O
Third	O
Hospital	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
-	O
visiting	O
cases	O
of	O
total	O
272	O
SARS	O
inpatients	O
admitted	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
wards	O
in	O
Third	O
Hospital	O
from	O
April	O
10	O
,	O
2003	O
to	O
May	O
12	O
were	O
analyzed	O
retrospectively	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
characteristics	O
of	O
gender	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
occupation	O
,	O
contagious	O
history	O
and	O
previous	O
therapy	O
were	O
described	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
inpatients	O
when	O
they	O
visited	O
the	O
outpatient	O
department	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
;	O
the	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
,	O
physical	O
signs	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
WBC	B-ANAT
counts	O
and	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
also	O
analyzed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
treatment	O
on	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)].	O

The	O
initial	O
dosage	O
and	O
the	O
highest	O
dosage	O
of	O
prednisolone	B-CHED
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Primary	O
investigation	O
on	O
the	O
changing	O
mode	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
specific	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
their	O
physicians	O
and	O
nurses	O
].	O

Plasma	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
was	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
normal	O
subjects	O
and	O
the	O
clinical	O
personnel	O
.	O

The	O
specificity	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
ELISA	O
to	O
detect	O
plasma	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
were	O
satisfactory	O
.	O

we	O
can	O
closely	O
observe	O
the	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
no	O
more	O
glucocortisteroids	O
needed	O
to	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
findings	O
were	O
patchy	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacification	O
(	O
GGO	O
)	O
(	O
79	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
on	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
and	O
81	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
findings	O
were	O
patchy	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacification	O
(	O
GGO	O
)	O
(	O
79	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
on	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
and	O
81	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
investigation	O
of	O
clinical	O
images	O
of	O
88	O
hospital	O
staff	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
observe	O
the	O
radiological	O
features	O
of	O
chest	O
X	O
ray	B-SPEC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
sequential	O
chest	B-ANAT
film	O
were	O
evaluated	O
hemiquantitatively	O
.	O

The	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
defined	O
and	O
variable	O
opacities	B-DISO
showed	O
to	O
be	O
dominant	O
.	O

To	O
analyze	O
retrospectively	O
the	O
data	O
of	O
NIPPV	O
in	O
105	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
hospitalized	O
from	O
8	O
Apr	B-CHED
to	O
14	O
May	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
side	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
was	O
subcutaneous	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
,	O
of	O
which	O
the	O
incidence	O
rate	O
was	O
16	O
.	O
7	O
%.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
SARS	B-DISO
affected	O
among	O
the	O
medical	O
faculty	O
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
NIPPV	O
.	O

Early	O
recognition	O
,	O
prompt	O
isolation	O
,	O
and	O
appropriate	O
therapy	O
are	O
the	O
key	O
in	O
combating	O
this	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
It	O
is	O
described	O
the	O
mental	O
stress	O
reaction	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosed	O
or	O
suspicious	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
doctors	O
and	O
nurses	O
treating	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
other	O
related	O
people	O
and	O
the	O
masses	O
;	O
and	O
put	O
out	O
the	O
gist	B-DISO
and	O
principles	O
of	O
mental	O
crisis	O
intervention	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Analysis	O
of	O
medical	O
workers	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analyse	O
the	O
reason	O
and	O
countermeasure	O
for	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
to	O
provide	O
reference	O
for	O
the	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
to	O
control	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
was	O
concluded	O
that	O
reasonable	O
and	O
strict	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
precaution	O
help	O
to	O
reduce	O
infection	B-DISO
rate	O
among	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
and	O
careful	O
supervision	O
helped	O
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
reduction	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3CL	O
proteinase	B-PROC
is	O
the	O
key	O
enzyme	O
for	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
which	O
may	O
serve	O
as	O
the	O
target	O
for	O
drug	O
discovery	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
main	O
results	O
of	O
our	O
simulation	O
are	O
that	O
the	O
feedback	O
mechanism	O
can	O
effectively	O
slow	O
down	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
infecting	O
rate	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
may	O
cause	O
sustained	O
oscillations	O
in	O
number	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
cases	O
.	O

EIRIS	O
was	O
an	O
effective	O
method	O
to	O
break	O
the	O
transmission	O
route	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
within	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analyze	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
medical	O
staff	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
measure	O
of	O
isolation	O
which	O
including	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
-	O
isolation	O
radiology	O
information	O
system	O
(	O
EIRIS	O
)	O
in	O
polyclinic	O
.	O

The	O
rate	O
showed	O
a	O
little	O
descending	O
trend	O
in	O
Group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
compared	O
with	O
that	O
in	O
Group	O
A	O
with	O
the	O
regression	O
coefficient	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
000164	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
140	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
trend	O
of	O
the	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
medical	O
staffs	O
infection	B-DISO
rate	O
changed	O
with	O
different	O
style	O
of	O
prevention	O
and	O
protection	O
measures	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
avoid	O
the	O
staff	O
'	O
s	O
infection	O
and	O
environmental	O
contamination	O
,	O
we	O
establish	O
the	O
rules	O
suited	O
for	O
severe	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
our	O
laboratory	O
.	O

The	O
sources	O
of	O
stress	O
included	O
fatal	B-DISO
outcomes	I-DISO
,	O
lack	O
of	O
efficient	O
treatment	O
,	O
rapid	O
spreading	O
and	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
medical	O
workers	O
.	O

86	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
felt	O
the	O
media	B-ANAT
often	O
over	O
-	O
reported	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
difference	O
among	O
the	O
ratios	O
of	O
SARS	O
suspect	O
cases	O
to	O
the	O
confirmed	O
ones	O
in	O
a	O
district	O
of	O
Beijing	O
,	O
the	O
whole	O
China	O
and	O
in	O
Beijing	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
suggestions	O
for	O
clinical	O
diagnoses	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
areas	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
There	O
was	O
the	O
condition	B-DISO
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
diffuse	O
and	O
extend	O
in	O
the	O
rural	O
area	O
as	O
Pinggu	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
smashes	O
the	O
people	O
'	O
s	O
tranquil	O
life	O
and	O
many	O
people	O
live	O
in	O
horror	O
,	O
worry	O
and	O
anxiety	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
limitin	B-PRGE
has	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
in	O
vitro	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
cloned	O
,	O
expressed	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
purified	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
as	O
an	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
hexahistidine	O
fusion	O
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
have	O
characterized	O
its	O
helicase	B-PRGE
and	O
NTPase	B-PRGE
activities	O
.	O

We	O
provide	O
the	O
first	O
quantitative	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
polynucleic	O
acid	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
NTPase	B-PRGE
activities	O
of	O
a	O
Nidovirus	B-SPEC
helicase	B-PRGE
,	O
using	O
a	O
high	O
throughput	O
phosphate	B-CHED
release	B-PATH
assay	O
that	O
will	O
be	O
readily	O
adaptable	O
to	O
the	O
future	O
testing	O
of	O
helicase	B-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
enzyme	O
exhibited	O
a	O
preference	O
for	O
ATP	B-CHED
,	O
dATP	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
dCTP	B-CHED
over	O
the	O
other	O
NTP	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
dNTP	B-CHED
substrates	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
determined	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
isolate	O
Frankfurt	O
1	O
,	O
and	O
characterized	O
key	O
RNA	O
elements	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
functions	O
involved	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
genome	I-PROC
expression	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
main	O
treatments	O
include	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
viral	I-CHED
agents	I-CHED
,	O
anti	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
isolation	O
.	O

Among	O
32	O
patients	O
,	O
24	O
were	O
cured	O
,	O
2	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
6	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
their	O
primary	O
diseases	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
overall	O
mortality	O
was	O
25	O
.	O
00	O
percent	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
hyperglycemia	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
in	O
4	O
patients	O
,	O
upper	O
intestinal	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
another	O
4	O
patients	O
and	O
cardiac	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
6	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Comparison	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
].	O

(	O
5	O
)	O
The	O
ratio	O
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
much	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
CAP	B-DISO
(	O
both	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Targeted	B-PROC
recombination	B-PROC
was	O
carried	O
out	O
to	O
select	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
MHVs	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
defined	O
genetic	O
background	O
,	O
containing	O
an	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
JHM	O
spike	O
gene	O
encoding	O
either	O
three	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
1	O
(	O
HR1	O
)	O
substitutions	O
(	O
Q1067H	O
,	O
Q1094H	O
,	O
and	O
L1114R	O
)	O
or	O
L1114R	O
alone	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
expresses	O
spike	O
with	O
the	O
three	O
substitutions	O
,	O
was	O
nonfusogenic	O
at	O
neutral	O
pH	O
.	O
Its	O
replication	O
was	O
significantly	O
inhibited	O
by	O
lysosomotropic	O
agents	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
highly	O
neuroattenuated	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Klenow	O
-	O
FragELTM	O
DNA	B-PROC
Fragmentation	I-PROC
Detection	O
Kit	B-FUNC
and	O
immunohistochemical	O
alkaline	B-PRGE
phosphatase	I-PRGE
detection	O
reagent	B-CHED
kit	B-FUNC
were	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
cell	B-COMP
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
expressions	O
of	O
CD68	B-PRGE
,	O
CD20	B-PRGE
,	O
CD4	B-PRGE
,	O
CD8	B-PRGE
and	O
CD45RA	O
in	O
the	O
pathological	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Apoptotic	O
cells	B-COMP
increased	O
significantly	O
in	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
normal	O
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
their	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
involved	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
].	O

Decreased	O
left	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
stroke	B-DISO
work	O
index	O
and	O
stroke	B-DISO
volume	O
index	O
with	O
elevated	O
left	O
atrial	B-ANAT
pressure	O
indicated	O
myocardial	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
initial	O
temperature	O
was	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
3	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
highest	O
was	O
(	O
39	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
degrees	O
C	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
fever	B-PROC
duration	O
of	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
0	O
+/-	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
TnI	B-PRGE
,	O
CK	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
MB	I-FUNC
and	O
MYO	O
in	O
patients	O
were	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
controls	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Fifteen	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
28	O
.	O
3	O
%.	O

Fifteen	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
28	O
.	O
3	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Investigation	O
of	O
a	O
nosocomial	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Canada	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
introduced	O
into	O
Canada	O
by	O
a	O
visitor	O
to	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
who	O
returned	O
to	O
Toronto	O
on	O
Feb	O
.	O
23	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

Transmission	O
to	O
a	O
family	B-SPEC
member	O
who	O
was	O
later	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
community	O
hospital	O
in	O
Toronto	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
large	O
nosocomial	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Seventeen	O
deaths	B-PROC
were	O
reported	O
(	O
case	O
-	O
fatality	O
rate	O
13	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
genomics	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
cloning	O
,	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
crystallization	O
and	O
preliminary	O
crystallographic	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
Nsp9	O
protein	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
a	O
paediatric	O
cluster	O
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

The	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
of	O
four	O
related	O
children	O
ranging	O
in	O
age	O
from	O
18	O
months	O
to	O
9	O
years	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
having	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
reviewed	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
space	O
shadowing	O
,	O
air	B-CHED
bronchograms	O
,	O
peribronchial	O
thickening	O
,	O
interstitial	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
,	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
,	O
hilar	B-DISO
lymphadenopathy	I-DISO
and	O
mediastinal	B-ANAT
widening	O
.	O

Intravenous	O
quinine	B-CHED
and	O
quinidine	B-CHED
are	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
drugs	O
in	O
the	O
initial	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
artemisinin	B-CHED
derivatives	I-CHED
are	O
currently	O
recommended	O
for	O
quinine	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
cases	O
.	O

Exchange	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
and	O
high	O
parasitemia	B-DISO
.	O

Several	O
observations	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
of	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
origin	O
for	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

(	O
1	O
)	O
Sixty	O
-	O
three	O
of	O
70	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
recovered	O
and	O
seven	O
cases	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
fatality	O
ratio	O
of	O
10	O
%.	O

One	O
patient	O
showed	O
no	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
,	O
and	O
bilateral	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
in	O
his	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
.	O

At	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
,	O
the	O
counts	O
of	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
WBCs	O
),	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
and	O
platelets	B-ANAT
were	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
+/-	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
22	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
12	O
and	O
(	O
143	O
+/-	O
37	O
)	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
at	O
the	O
2nd	O
to	O
4th	O
week	O
.	O

One	O
such	O
mechanism	O
could	O
be	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
vector	O
,	O
most	O
probably	O
roof	B-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
,	O
that	O
was	O
infected	O
by	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
and	O
subsequently	O
spread	O
the	O
disease	O
to	O
more	O
than	O
150	O
households	O
.	O

Maintaining	O
a	O
healthy	O
and	O
hygienic	O
environment	O
can	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
effective	O
public	O
health	O
measures	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
microbial	O
findings	O
has	O
been	O
:	O
pathogenics	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
(	O
31	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
fungus	B-SPEC
(	O
17	O
%),	O
parasites	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
16	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
calicivirus	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

it	O
'	O
s	O
possible	O
in	O
Río	O
Cuarto	O
to	O
made	O
a	O
fast	B-FUNC
and	O
direct	O
virology	O
diagnostic	O
using	O
an	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

Limited	O
information	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
risk	O
of	O
many	O
exogenous	O
swine	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
reliable	O
and	O
rapid	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
of	O
these	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
novel	O
stress	O
protein	B-CHED
'	O
150	O
-	O
kDa	O
oxygen	B-CHED
regulated	O
protein	B-CHED
'	O
in	O
sudden	B-DISO
infant	I-DISO
death	I-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
both	O
groups	O
of	O
litters	O
from	O
primed	O
gilts	O
suffered	B-DISO
less	O
clinical	O
illness	O
(	O
as	O
measured	O
by	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
weight	O
loss	O
post	O
-	O
challenge	O
)	O
than	O
control	O
litters	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
discovered	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
can	O
readily	O
spread	O
in	O
the	O
healthcare	O
setting	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
treatment	O
of	O
molecular	O
adsorbents	O
recirculating	O
system	O
artificial	O
liver	B-ANAT
in	O
severe	O
liver	B-ANAT
failure	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
multiple	O
organ	O
dysfunction	O
syndrome	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
mechanism	O
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

Other	O
two	O
groups	O
including	O
15	O
healthy	O
care	O
workers	O
and	O
22	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
were	O
selected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
as	O
controls	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
total	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
values	O
elevated	O
in	O
8	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
six	O
kinds	O
of	O
interleukins	O
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
levels	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
were	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
fourth	O
week	O
and	O
in	O
control	O
groups	O
(	O
t	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
67	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
levels	O
of	O
some	O
factors	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
elevated	O
ALT	B-FUNC
,	O
were	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
ALT	B-FUNC
normal	O
patients	O
(	O
t	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
36	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
When	O
being	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
ALT	B-FUNC
and	O
(	O
or	O
)	O
AST	B-ENZY
levels	O
were	O
elevated	O
in	O
37	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Forty	O
two	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
mismatches	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
five	O
and	O
six	O
gaps	O
in	O
two	O
genomes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
March	O
2003	O
,	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
which	O
has	O
been	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
pathogen	O
causing	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
placed	O
on	O
assisted	O
respiration	B-PROC
support	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
medication	O
.	O

The	O
further	O
improvement	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
functions	O
allowed	O
withdrawing	O
the	O
patient	O
from	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
13	O
days	O
after	O
start	O
of	O
MARS	O
,	O
and	O
44	O
days	O
after	O
admission	O
he	O
was	O
discharged	O
home	O
with	O
completely	O
resolved	O
organ	B-ANAT
functions	O
and	O
laboratory	O
abnormalities	O
.	O

To	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
these	O
features	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
multigene	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
based	O
on	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evidence	O
of	O
biological	O
efficacy	O
for	O
prolonged	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
treatment	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
unresolving	O
ARDS	O
.	O

Initial	O
use	O
of	O
pulse	B-PROC
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
therapy	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
more	O
efficacious	O
and	O
an	O
equally	O
safe	O
steroid	B-CHED
regimen	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
regimens	O
with	O
lower	O
dosage	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
the	O
preferred	O
steroid	B-CHED
regimen	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
pending	O
data	O
from	O
future	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
.	O

Many	O
adult	O
patients	O
will	O
develop	O
progressive	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
proportion	O
will	O
develop	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
RDS	O
),	O
possibly	O
related	O
to	O
massive	O
and	O
uncontrolled	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapidly	O
progressing	O
case	O
of	O
Mounier	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Kuhn	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
early	O
childhood	O
.	O

Incidence	O
may	O
be	O
higher	O
than	O
previously	O
estimated	O
,	O
and	O
tracheobronchomegaly	B-DISO
(	O
TBM	O
)	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
recurrent	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
where	O
other	O
investigations	O
,	O
including	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
(	O
CXR	O
),	O
are	O
normal	O
.	O

The	O
concerted	O
efforts	O
of	O
a	O
globally	O
united	O
scientific	O
community	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
independent	O
isolation	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
by	O
several	O
groups	O
.	O

Sixty	O
single	O
MARS	O
treatments	O
were	O
performed	O
with	O
length	O
of	O
6	O
-	O
24	O
h	O
on	O
24	O
severe	O
liver	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
patients	O
(	O
18	O
males	O
/	O
6	O
females	O
)	O
with	O
MODS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
MARS	O
therapy	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
removal	O
of	O
NO	O
and	O
certain	O
cytokines	O
such	O
as	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
INF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
,	O
together	O
with	O
marked	O
reduction	O
of	O
other	O
non	O
-	O
water	B-CHED
-	O
soluble	O
albumin	B-PRGE
bound	O
toxins	B-CHED
and	O
water	B-CHED
-	O
soluble	O
toxins	B-CHED
,	O
these	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
improvement	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
'	O
clinical	O
conditions	O
including	O
hepatic	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
,	O
deranged	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
situation	O
and	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
renal	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
thus	O
resulted	O
into	O
marked	O
decrease	O
of	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
(	O
SOFA	O
)	O
score	O
and	O
improved	O
outcome	O
:	O
nine	O
patients	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
be	O
discharged	O
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
or	O
bridged	O
to	O
successful	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
,	O
the	O
overall	O
survival	O
of	O
24	O
patients	O
was	O
37	O
.	O
5	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
findings	O
of	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

As	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
contagious	O
,	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
and	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
condition	B-DISO
,	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
prompt	O
management	O
and	O
isolation	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

Recognition	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
findings	O
aids	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
containment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Zardaverine	B-CHED
and	O
aerosolised	O
iloprost	B-CHED
in	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
guarantee	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
the	O
equipment	O
in	O
the	O
needed	O
quantities	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
authorities	O
should	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
isolation	O
units	O
needed	O
and	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
time	O
that	O
containment	O
measures	O
will	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
place	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggested	O
that	O
these	O
patients	O
'	O
immune	B-ANAT
systems	I-ANAT
were	O
impaired	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
isolates	O
retain	O
a	O
29	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
that	O
is	O
not	O
found	O
in	O
most	O
human	B-SPEC
isolates	O
.	O

The	O
detection	O
of	O
SCoV	O
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
small	O
,	O
live	O
wild	O
mammals	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
retail	O
market	O
indicates	O
a	O
route	O
of	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
natural	O
reservoir	O
is	O
not	O
known	O
.	O

CCl	B-DISO
(	O
4	O
)	O
treatment	O
(	O
1	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
intraperitoneally	O
)	O
produced	O
severe	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
as	O
revealed	O
by	O
significant	O
increases	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
alanine	B-PRGE
transaminase	I-PRGE
(	O
ALT	B-FUNC
)	O
(	O
EC	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
.	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
activity	O
and	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
malondialdehyde	B-CHED
(	O
MDA	B-CHED
)	O
content	O
,	O
severe	O
liver	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
increases	O
in	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	O
-	O
alpha	O
)	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
and	O
DNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
activity	O
of	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
).	O

Following	O
CCl	B-DISO
(	O
4	O
)	O
treatment	O
,	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
HO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
was	O
markedly	O
increased	O
both	O
at	O
transcriptional	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
in	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
especially	O
around	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
induction	O
of	O
HO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
adaptive	O
response	O
to	O
CCl	B-DISO
(	O
4	O
)	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
critical	O
in	O
the	O
recovery	O
of	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
from	O
injury	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
could	O
,	O
within	O
the	O
framework	O
of	O
the	O
model	O
,	O
fix	O
limits	O
to	O
the	O
future	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
,	O
allowing	O
us	O
to	O
identify	O
landmarks	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
monitoring	O
system	O
to	O
follow	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

The	O
model	O
also	O
suggests	O
that	O
there	O
might	O
exist	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
precursor	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
reservoir	O
,	O
prompting	O
for	O
implementation	O
of	O
precautionary	O
measures	O
when	O
the	O
weather	O
cools	O
down	O
.	O

The	O
induction	O
of	O
myelin	B-COMP
-	O
like	O
membrane	B-COMP
whorls	O
was	O
obvious	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
vacuoles	B-COMP
as	O
the	O
core	O
particles	O
.	O

The	O
significance	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
change	O
is	O
unknown	O
at	O
this	O
stage	O
.	O

They	O
were	O
no	O
longer	O
in	O
large	O
vacuoles	B-COMP
but	O
packaged	O
into	O
smaller	O
vacuoles	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
occasionally	O
in	O
small	O
groups	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
Taiwan	O
epidemic	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
many	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
were	O
infected	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
appeared	O
to	O
indicate	O
association	O
of	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
4601	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Asian	O
populations	O
.	O

EBC	O
was	O
collected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
for	O
NO	O
(	O
2	O
)(-),	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
6	O
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
.	O

The	O
ratio	O
of	O
EBC	O
NO	O
(	O
2	O
)(-)	O
to	O
VT	O
is	O
assumed	O
to	O
reflect	O
NO	O
(	O
2	O
)(-)	O
release	B-PATH
at	O
a	O
given	O
VT	O
.	O

The	O
ratio	O
of	O
EBC	O
NO	O
(	O
2	O
)(-)	O
and	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
VT	O
correlated	O
directly	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
AECC	O
,	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
66	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
;	O
LISS	O
,	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

Using	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
technology	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
viruses	B-SPEC
mapped	O
to	O
the	O
spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
and	O
that	O
the	O
two	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
differed	O
at	O
four	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
increased	O
neurovirulence	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
virus	O
encoding	O
glycine	B-CHED
at	O
position	O
S310	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
different	O
tropism	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
but	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
lateral	O
spread	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
leading	O
to	O
significantly	O
higher	O
brain	B-ANAT
viral	O
titers	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
Gpol	O
deletion	O
mutants	O
established	O
that	O
the	O
conserved	O
enzymatic	O
domains	O
of	O
Pol	B-PRGE
were	O
dispensable	O
for	O
replication	O
complex	O
association	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
38	O
-	O
amino	O
-	O
acid	O
domain	O
in	O
the	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
unique	O
region	O
of	O
Pol	B-PRGE
was	O
required	O
.	O

Some	O
of	O
these	O
hnRNPs	O
have	O
previously	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
replace	O
hnRNP	B-PRGE
A1	I-PRGE
in	O
regulating	O
RNA	B-PROC
splicing	I-PROC
.	O

hnRNP	B-ANAT
A2	O
/	O
B1	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
predominantly	O
localized	O
to	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
and	O
shuttles	O
between	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
,	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
relocalize	O
to	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
CB3	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Canadian	O
clinical	O
practice	O
guidelines	O
for	O
nutrition	B-PROC
support	O
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
,	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
adult	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
recommend	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
standard	O
,	O
polymeric	O
enteral	O
formula	O
that	O
is	O
initiated	O
within	O
24	O
to	O
48	O
hours	O
after	O
admission	O
to	O
ICU	O
,	O
that	O
patients	O
be	O
cared	O
for	O
in	O
the	O
semirecumbent	O
position	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
arginine	B-CHED
-	O
containing	O
enteral	O
products	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
.	O

A	O
glutamine	B-CHED
-	O
enriched	O
formula	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
burns	O
and	O
trauma	O
.	O

When	O
PN	O
is	O
used	O
,	O
we	O
recommend	O
that	O
it	O
be	O
supplemented	O
with	O
glutamine	B-CHED
,	O
where	O
available	O
.	O

The	O
artery	B-ANAT
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
analysis	O
is	O
useful	O
for	O
judging	O
the	O
conditions	O
and	O
prognosis	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
is	O
beneficial	O
for	O
clinical	O
treatment	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Seven	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
death	B-PROC
patients	O
were	O
all	O
infected	O
secondly	O
and	O
5	O
cases	O
were	O
polyinfection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
retrospective	O
analyses	O
were	O
made	O
on	O
12	O
dead	B-PROC
cases	O
and	O
32	O
recovered	O
cases	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
mean	O
age	O
was	O
67	O
years	O
old	O
in	O
12	O
dead	B-PROC
cases	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
was	O
42	O
in	O
recovered	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

In	O
dead	B-PROC
group	O
,	O
the	O
occurrence	O
rates	O
of	O
electrolyte	O
maladjustment	B-DISO
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
were	O
41	O
.	O
67	O
percent	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
mean	O
age	O
was	O
67	O
years	O
old	O
in	O
12	O
dead	B-PROC
cases	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
was	O
42	O
in	O
recovered	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
prognosis	O
of	O
critical	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
acute	O
renal	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
correlate	O
with	O
degree	O
of	O
basic	O
diseases	O
.	O

Around	O
5	O
,	O
000	O
delegates	O
from	O
more	O
than	O
80	O
countries	O
attended	O
the	O
congress	O
,	O
which	O
saw	O
the	O
presentation	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
400	O
oral	B-ANAT
communications	O
and	O
1	O
,	O
700	O
posters	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
threat	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

It	O
presents	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
because	O
no	O
definitive	O
laboratory	O
test	O
is	O
readily	O
available	O
,	O
it	O
poses	O
a	O
great	O
risk	O
to	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
difficulty	O
in	O
quarantine	O
.	O

Contents	O
of	O
the	O
questionnaire	O
would	O
include	O
:	O
history	O
of	O
contact	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
,	O
route	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
methods	O
used	O
for	O
protection	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O

People	O
with	O
latent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
who	O
had	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
might	O
also	O
serve	O
as	O
the	O
possible	O
source	O
of	O
transmission	O
.	O

Nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
main	O
characteristic	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
this	O
hospital	O
.	O

Other	O
than	O
close	O
contact	O
and	O
near	O
space	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
long	O
-	O
distance	O
aerosol	O
transmission	O
called	O
for	O
further	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
experimental	O
studies	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Analysis	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
features	O
and	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
an	O
imported	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
case	O
in	O
Beijing	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
explore	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
transmission	O
in	O
the	O
population	O
base	O
on	O
analyzing	O
the	O
first	O
imported	O
case	O
and	O
the	O
chains	O
of	O
transmission	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
One	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
was	O
noticed	O
that	O
the	O
disease	O
clustered	O
in	O
families	O
and	O
hospitals	O
.	O

Four	O
hundred	O
and	O
three	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
were	O
identified	O
and	O
27	O
of	O
them	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
March	O
18	O
and	O
May	O
31	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
intensity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
among	O
the	O
residents	O
of	O
Haidian	O
district	O
was	O
recognized	O
as	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
Beijing	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
intensity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
among	O
the	O
residents	O
of	O
Haidian	O
district	O
was	O
recognized	O
as	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
Beijing	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analyze	O
the	O
epidemiologic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
on	O
its	O
major	O
control	O
measures	O
in	O
Tianjn	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
10	O
index	O
cases	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
super	O
spreader	O
and	O
another	O
one	O
index	O
case	O
transmitted	B-DISO
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
their	O
contacts	O
but	O
the	O
rest	B-FUNC
of	O
index	O
cases	O
did	O
not	O
cause	O
any	O
secondary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Antibiotherapy	O
was	O
not	O
conform	O
to	O
current	O
guidelines	O
in	O
20	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
and	O
hence	O
led	O
to	O
90	O
%	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Twenty	O
eight	O
pyrrolo	O
[	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
-	O
a	O
]	O
quinoxalines	B-CHED
bearing	O
at	O
position	O
4	O
various	O
substituents	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
moieties	O
present	O
in	O
classical	O
and	O
non	O
classical	O
antifolic	O
agents	O
were	O
prepared	O
and	O
evaluated	O
in	O
vitro	O
for	O
antiproliferative	O
activity	O
.	O

More	O
recently	O
,	O
a	O
compound	O
of	O
classical	O
antifolate	O
type	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
potent	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
hDHFR	O
in	O
vitro	O
(	O
Farmaco	B-CHED
58	O
(	O
2003	O
)	O
51	O
).	O

Factors	O
that	O
influence	O
whether	O
FCoV	O
establishes	O
lifelong	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
some	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
not	O
others	O
are	O
determined	O
mainly	O
by	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
disease	O
has	O
been	O
etiologically	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
has	O
been	O
named	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
whose	O
genome	O
was	O
recently	O
sequenced	O
.	O

The	O
protein	B-CHED
responsible	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
induced	I-PROC
membrane	I-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
gp41	O
)	O
differs	O
in	O
length	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
no	O
sequence	O
homology	O
with	O
S2	O
.	O

These	O
include	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
an	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
leucine	B-CHED
/	O
isoleucine	B-CHED
zipper	O
-	O
like	O
sequence	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
a	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
located	O
upstream	O
of	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
an	O
aromatic	O
residue	O
-	O
rich	O
region	O
juxtaposed	O
to	O
the	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
segment	O
.	O

These	O
patterns	O
were	O
subsequently	O
used	O
to	O
classify	O
the	O
selected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Both	O
approaches	O
yielded	O
relationship	O
outcomes	O
that	O
are	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
known	O
virus	B-SPEC
classification	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Dynamic	O
analysis	O
of	O
TCM	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
63	O
patients	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
].	O

In	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
,	O
patients	O
'	O
tongue	B-ANAT
was	O
pink	O
or	O
red	O
in	O
tongue	B-ANAT
tip	I-ANAT
,	O
with	O
thin	O
-	O
white	O
,	O
white	O
-	O
greasy	O
or	O
yellow	O
-	O
greasy	O
coating	O
;	O
in	O
middle	O
stage	O
,	O
tongue	B-ANAT
in	O
most	O
patients	O
were	O
red	O
,	O
with	O
white	O
-	O
greasy	O
or	O
yellow	O
-	O
thick	O
-	O
greasy	O
coating	O
;	O
in	O
recovery	O
stage	O
,	O
tongues	B-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
were	O
mostly	O
pink	O
or	O
red	O
in	O
tongue	B-ANAT
tip	I-ANAT
,	O
few	O
were	O
dark	O
purple	O
,	O
with	O
thin	O
-	O
white	O
or	O
white	O
-	O
greasy	O
,	O
occasionally	O
yellow	O
-	O
greasy	O
coating	O
.	O

CD3	B-PRGE
,	O
CD4	B-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
in	O
20	O
patients	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
normal	O
range	O
when	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
began	O
to	O
increase	O
3	O
days	O
later	O
and	O
gradually	O
recovered	O
to	O
the	O
normal	O
in	O
6	O
-	O
10	O
days	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
ICWM	O
can	O
improve	O
the	O
symptoms	O
and	O
regulate	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
in	O
uncertain	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Histological	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
heart	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
patient	O
with	O
the	O
lowest	O
EF	O
(	O
30	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
revealed	O
no	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
lymphocytic	B-DISO
infiltrate	I-DISO
or	O
myocyte	B-ANAT
necrosis	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
impairment	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
reversible	O
on	O
clinical	O
recovery	O
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
vaccine	O
to	O
prevent	O
SARS	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
pursued	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
urgency	O
and	O
cooperative	O
spirit	O
,	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
highly	O
lethal	O
and	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
controlled	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
few	O
generations	O
of	O
transmission	O
,	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
become	O
endemic	O
in	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
where	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
infrastructure	O
is	O
underdeveloped	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
control	O
measures	O
are	O
weak	O
.	O

Cases	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
10	O
days	O
'	O
duration	O
exhibited	O
organizing	O
-	O
phase	O
DAD	O
,	O
type	B-ANAT
II	I-ANAT
pneumocyte	I-ANAT
hyperplasia	B-DISO
,	O
squamous	B-DISO
metaplasia	I-DISO
,	O
multinucleated	B-ANAT
giant	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
bronchopneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

From	O
personalized	O
medicine	B-CHED
to	O
extraterrestrial	O
life	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fas	B-PRGE
ligand	B-PROC
-	O
induced	O
murine	B-SPEC
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
is	O
reduced	O
by	O
a	O
stable	O
decoy	O
receptor	O
3	O
analogue	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
that	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
multiple	O
outbreaks	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
after	O
emerging	O
from	O
mainland	O
China	O
in	O
early	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
came	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
normal	O
control	O
levels	O
one	O
month	O
after	O
discharged	O
from	O
hospital	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
also	O
showed	O
high	O
a	O
TNF	B-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
level	O
(	O
median	O
23	O
.	O
12	O
ng	O
/	O
L	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
second	O
week	O
and	O
reached	O
a	O
peak	O
median	O
of	O
136	O
.	O
35	O
ng	O
/	O
L	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
third	O
an	O
fourth	O
weeks	O
.	O

One	O
month	O
after	O
discharged	O
from	O
hospital	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
TNF	B-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
concentration	O
fell	O
down	O
to	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
94	O
.	O
88	O
ng	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
still	O
much	O
higher	O
than	O
normal	O
controls	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
77	O
ng	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Intestinal	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
specimens	O
obtained	O
by	O
colonoscopy	O
or	O
autopsy	O
showed	O
minimal	O
architectural	O
disruption	O
but	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
active	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
within	O
both	O
the	O
small	O
and	O
large	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
.	O

China	O
will	O
also	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
contribute	O
key	O
data	O
about	O
how	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
is	O
transmitted	B-DISO
and	O
how	O
it	O
is	O
evolving	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
identifying	O
pivotal	O
factors	O
influencing	O
disease	O
outcome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
now	O
a	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
threat	O
with	O
many	O
medical	O
,	O
ethical	O
,	O
social	O
,	O
economic	O
,	O
political	O
,	O
and	O
legal	O
implications	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Microbiologic	O
characteristics	O
,	O
serologic	O
responses	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
genome	O
of	O
one	O
Taiwanese	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
strain	O
(	O
TW1	O
)	O
was	O
29	O
,	O
729	O
nt	O
in	O
length	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Safe	O
tracheostomy	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
sudden	O
appearance	O
and	O
potential	O
lethality	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
has	O
focused	O
attention	O
on	O
understanding	O
its	O
origins	O
.	O

Conservation	O
of	O
RDRP	B-FUNC
allowed	O
us	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
Arteriviridae	B-SPEC
taxa	O
to	O
root	B-ANAT
the	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
phylogeny	O
.	O

In	O
four	O
experiments	O
,	O
29	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
commercial	O
broilers	O
housed	O
in	O
isolators	O
,	O
were	O
infected	O
intratracheally	O
and	O
oculonasally	O
with	O
IB	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
(	O
H120	O
and	O
H52	O
)	O
or	O
virulent	O
IB	O
field	O
strains	O
(	O
D387	O
and	O
M41	O
)	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
or	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
log	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
median	O
embryo	B-ANAT
infective	O
dose	O
,	O
per	O
broiler	O
).	O

Apart	O
from	O
H52	O
and	O
D387	O
,	O
differences	O
between	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
significant	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
an	O
immunogen	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
nucleoprotein	O
(	O
N	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
potential	O
antigen	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
serological	O
monitoring	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

Our	O
data	O
indicated	O
that	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
purified	O
from	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
was	O
more	O
sensitive	O
to	O
anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
than	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
from	O
Sf9	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

During	O
the	O
community	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
5	O
liveborn	O
infants	O
were	O
born	O
to	O
pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
greater	O
Toronto	O
area	O
between	O
February	O
and	O
June	O
2003	O
.	O

A	O
prospective	O
investigational	O
study	O
protocol	O
was	O
established	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
a	O
presumptive	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
suspect	O
or	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
five	O
children	O
were	O
included	O
;	O
10	O
were	O
classified	O
as	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
5	O
were	O
classified	O
as	O
suspect	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
in	O
10	O
another	O
cause	O
was	O
identified	O
.	O

The	O
predominant	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
of	O
probable	O
cases	O
were	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
rhinorrhea	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
information	O
on	O
efficacy	O
and	O
adverse	O
drug	O
reactions	O
is	O
lacking	O
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
has	O
been	O
used	O
empirically	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

We	O
report	O
confirmed	O
persistent	O
transmission	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
from	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
TNF	B-FUNC
)	O
knockout	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
B6	O
.	O
129S1	O
-	O
Tnftm1Lj	O
(	O
TNF	B-FUNC
-/-),	O
to	O
nude	O
and	O
immunocompetent	O
sentinel	O
mice	B-SPEC
over	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
five	O
months	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
immunocompetent	O
mice	O
had	O
evidence	O
of	O
seroconversion	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
-	O
positive	O
fecal	B-ANAT
and	O
ascending	B-ANAT
colon	I-ANAT
specimens	O
after	O
only	O
24	O
h	O
of	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
restrain	O
further	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
has	O
posted	O
several	O
pairs	O
of	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
primers	O
for	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
urged	O
more	O
research	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
on	O
PCR	O
protocols	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dynamic	O
changes	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
cytokine	O
levels	O
as	O
clinical	O
indicators	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
mean	O
concentration	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
during	O
all	O
clinical	O
courses	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
mean	O
concentration	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta1	I-PRGE
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
during	O
all	O
clinical	O
courses	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
By	O
bioinformatics	O
processing	O
and	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
5	O
loci	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
at	O
ZJ01	O
genome	O
were	O
found	O
being	O
T	O
,	O
T	O
,	O
G	O
,	O
T	O
and	O
T	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Numbers	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
in	O
the	O
wards	O
mentioned	O
above	O
were	O
1	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
1	O
and	O
96	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
system	O
of	O
protein	B-PROC
target	I-PROC
sequences	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
RNA	O
-	O
viral	O
chemotherapy	O
by	O
a	O
vitamin	B-CHED
B6	I-CHED
-	O
derived	O
zinc	O
-	O
chelating	B-PROC
trioxa	O
-	O
adamantane	B-CHED
-	O
triol	B-CHED
.	O

Brown	O
BN	O
is	O
finally	O
achieved	O
by	O
base	O
-	O
catalyzed	O
elimination	O
of	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
from	O
(	O
4	O
'	O
RS	O
)-	O
4	O
'-	O
chloro	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
',	O
4	O
'-	O
dihydrobananin	O
.	O

40	O
hospital	O
workers	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
over	O
a	O
6	O
-	O
week	O
period	O
(	O
25	O
March	O
through	O
5	O
May	O
2003	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Before	O
isolation	O
of	O
all	O
patients	O
with	O
clinically	O
confirmed	O
or	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
routine	O
use	O
of	O
several	O
protective	O
devices	O
,	O
and	O
training	O
of	O
staff	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
,	O
many	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
patients	O
with	O
unsuspected	O
cases	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
also	O
emphasized	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
duty	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
administrators	O
and	O
senior	O
physicians	O
to	O
rapidly	O
institute	O
procedures	O
to	O
maximize	O
the	O
safety	O
of	O
frontline	O
physicians	O
and	O
nurses	O
.	O

We	O
cloned	O
some	O
expressed	B-PROC
sequence	O
tags	O
and	O
identified	O
one	O
complementary	O
DNA	O
fragment	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
rat	B-PRGE
NIP3L	I-PRGE
identified	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
increased	O
slightly	O
in	O
the	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
after	O
induction	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
but	O
showed	O
a	O
marked	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
by	O
both	O
Northern	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
--	O
SARS	B-DISO
].	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
possibly	O
transmitted	B-DISO
from	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoir	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
from	O
February	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
epidemic	O
was	O
spread	O
internationally	O
by	O
further	O
person	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
person	O
transmission	O
.	O

Thirty	O
six	O
caveolin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
motifs	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
mapped	O
out	O
using	O
bioinformatics	O
analysis	O
tools	O
.	O

Of	O
442973	O
air	B-CHED
passengers	O
screened	O
after	O
measures	O
were	O
implemented	O
,	O
136	O
were	O
sent	O
to	O
a	O
designated	O
hospital	O
for	O
further	O
SARS	B-DISO
screening	O
;	O
none	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
having	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Singapore	O
can	O
be	O
traced	O
to	O
the	O
first	O
imported	O
case	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
303	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
163	O
patients	O
suspected	O
to	O
have	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

For	O
patients	O
confirmed	O
to	O
have	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
and	O
from	O
whom	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
were	O
collected	O
,	O
testing	O
the	O
second	O
specimen	O
increased	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
from	O
64	O
and	O
71	O
%	O
to	O
75	O
and	O
79	O
%	O
for	O
the	O
WHO	O
-	O
HKU	O
and	O
WHO	O
-	O
Hamburg	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Churg	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Strauss	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
manifesting	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
myocardial	I-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
with	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
:	O
case	O
report	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
dose	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
was	O
initiated	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
clinical	O
improvement	O
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
conditions	O
such	O
as	O
haemophilia	B-DISO
[	O
82	O
],	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
[	O
83	O
],	O
head	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
neck	I-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
[	O
84	O
]	O
and	O
X	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
linked	I-DISO
severe	I-DISO
combined	I-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
disease	O
[	O
85	O
].	O

The	O
lack	O
of	O
success	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
gene	O
therapy	O
is	O
due	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
on	O
the	O
physical	O
barriers	O
to	O
transfection	B-PROC
perfected	O
by	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
to	O
prevent	O
toxicity	O
from	O
inhaled	B-PROC
particles	O
,	O
and	O
partly	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
poor	O
transfection	B-PROC
efficiency	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
viral	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
viral	O
systems	O
,	O
of	O
gene	O
transfer	O
.	O

With	O
continued	O
improvements	O
in	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
both	O
viral	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
viral	O
gene	B-PROC
delivery	I-PROC
systems	O
leading	O
to	O
improved	O
transfection	B-PROC
efficiency	O
with	O
reduced	O
toxicity	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
strategies	O
aimed	O
at	O
reducing	O
the	O
physical	O
barriers	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
transfection	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
targeting	B-PROC
gene	B-PROC
delivery	I-PROC
systems	O
to	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
injury	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
likely	O
that	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
gene	O
therapy	O
will	O
be	O
used	O
successfully	O
to	O
ameliorate	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
devastating	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
conditions	O
.	O

In	O
France	O
,	O
5	O
probable	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
diagnosed	O
until	O
May	O
2003	O
.	O

This	O
54	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
was	O
infected	O
during	O
the	O
Air	B-CHED
France	O
flight	B-PROC
from	O
Hanoi	O
to	O
Paris	B-SPEC
via	O
Bangkok	O
by	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
,	O
who	O
himself	O
had	O
been	O
contaminated	O
at	O
the	O
French	O
hospital	O
in	O
Hanoi	O
and	O
who	O
was	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
a	O
critical	O
state	O
in	O
the	O
Tourcoing	O
hospital	O
shortly	O
after	O
his	O
arrival	O
in	O
France	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
clinical	O
signs	O
(	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
dry	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
)	O
appeared	O
4	O
days	O
after	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
.	O

The	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
showed	O
a	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
consolidation	I-DISO
6	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
unspecific	O
and	O
its	O
evolution	B-PROC
may	O
be	O
misleading	O
.	O

Some	O
patients	O
still	O
had	O
psychological	B-DISO
problems	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
update	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Dynamic	O
observation	O
IgG	O
and	O
IgM	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
observe	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
to	O
explore	O
their	O
significance	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
proceed	O
the	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
dead	O
reasons	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
provide	O
experience	O
for	O
decreasing	O
mortality	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
clinic	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Age	O
and	O
basic	O
diseases	O
are	O
sensitive	O
indexes	O
for	O
predicting	O
dead	B-PROC
tendency	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
five	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
NIPPV	O
were	O
studied	O
retrospectively	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
influences	O
within	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
on	O
their	O
physiological	O
indices	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
as	O
vectors	O
:	O
position	O
dependence	B-DISO
of	O
foreign	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
.	O

Recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
generated	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
convenient	O
method	O
based	O
on	O
targeted	O
recombination	B-PROC
and	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
switching	O
.	O

The	O
foreign	O
gene	B-DISO
insertions	I-DISO
generally	O
reduced	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
upstream	O
viral	O
genes	O
.	O

Altogether	O
,	O
our	O
observations	O
clearly	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
as	O
(	O
multivalent	O
)	O
expression	B-PROC
vectors	O
.	O

The	O
enterotropism	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
is	O
connected	O
with	O
the	O
sialic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
viral	O
surface	O
protein	B-CHED
S	O
.	O
Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
,	O
among	O
porcine	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-ANAT
brush	B-COMP
border	I-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
recognizes	O
a	O
mucin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
designated	O
MGP	B-PRGE
in	O
a	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
fashion	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
transmitted	B-DISO
extensively	O
within	O
hospitals	O
,	O
and	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
have	O
comprised	O
a	O
large	O
proportion	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
worldwide	O
.	O

For	O
R	O
(	O
0	O
)	O
=	O
3	O
,	O
case	O
isolation	O
alone	O
can	O
control	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
only	O
if	O
isolation	O
reduces	O
transmission	O
by	O
at	O
least	O
a	O
factor	O
of	O
four	O
and	O
the	O
mean	O
symptom	B-DISO
-	O
onset	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
isolation	O
time	O
is	O
less	O
than	O
3	O
days	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
a	O
basic	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
enzyme	O
catalysis	O
and	O
a	O
full	O
substrate	O
specificity	O
spectrum	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
are	O
helpful	O
for	O
structural	O
-	O
based	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
design	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
reported	O
previously	O
in	O
masked	B-SPEC
palm	I-SPEC
civets	I-SPEC
(	O
sometimes	O
called	O
civet	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
a	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dog	I-SPEC
for	O
sale	O
in	O
a	O
live	O
animal	B-SPEC
market	O
in	O
Shenzhen	O
municipality	O
.	O

Content	O
analysis	O
of	O
local	O
and	O
national	O
news	O
media	B-ANAT
documents	O
in	O
Canada	O
.	O

The	O
4	O
-	O
wk	O
-	O
old	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
had	O
no	O
clinical	O
signs	O
or	O
gross	O
lesions	O
.	O

In	O
another	O
experiment	O
,	O
mean	O
plasma	O
D	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
xylose	I-CHED
concentrations	O
in	O
3	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
inoculated	O
with	O
TCV	B-SPEC
,	O
turkey	B-SPEC
astrovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
or	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
uninoculated	O
controls	O
.	O

Establishment	O
of	O
a	O
carrier	O
state	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
the	O
persistent	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
undergo	O
mutations	O
and	O
recombination	B-PROC
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
tissues	B-ANAT
have	O
important	O
consequences	O
for	O
disease	O
management	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
shedding	O
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
persistence	O
were	O
monitored	O
in	O
individual	O
chickens	B-SPEC
maintained	O
under	O
strict	O
isolation	O
that	O
precluded	O
reinfection	O
from	O
exogenous	O
sources	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
quasispecies	O
in	O
the	O
Beaudette	O
strain	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
transcriptase	O
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
fluorescence	O
resonance	O
energy	B-PROC
transfer	I-PROC
(	O
FRET	O
)	O
technology	O
.	O

Two	O
primers	O
that	O
amplify	O
a	O
383	O
-	O
base	B-FUNC
pair	I-FUNC
product	O
between	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
positions	O
703	O
and	O
1086	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
start	O
codon	O
for	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
Massachusetts	O
41	O
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
designed	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
amplify	O
the	O
Beaudette	O
,	O
Massachusetts	O
41	O
,	O
Florida	O
18288	O
,	O
Connecticut	O
,	O
Iowa	O
97	O
,	O
Arkansas	O
DPI	O
,	O
CA	O
/	O
NE95	O
/	O
99	O
,	O
DE	O
/	O
072	O
/	O
92	O
,	O
and	O
GA	O
/	O
0470	O
/	O
98	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolates	O
by	O
slot	O
blot	O
hybridization	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
synthesized	O
digoxigenin	B-CHED
-	O
labeled	O
probes	O
from	O
reference	O
and	O
unknown	O
field	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
hybridized	O
them	O
to	O
template	O
DNA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
While	O
the	O
risks	O
of	O
transfusion	O
-	O
transmitted	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
T	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
cell	I-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
I	O
/	O
II	O
continue	O
to	O
decrease	O
,	O
additional	O
threats	O
to	O
transfusion	O
safety	O
are	O
posed	O
by	O
emerging	O
""""	O
new	O
""""	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
testing	O
for	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
began	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
in	O
2003	O
under	O
an	O
investigational	O
new	O
drug	O
program	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
a	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
available	O
articles	O
on	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
published	O
since	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Even	O
in	O
a	O
situation	O
of	O
no	O
new	O
cases	O
of	O
infection	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
remains	O
a	O
major	O
respiratory	O
health	O
hazard	O
.	O

Positive	O
results	O
to	O
FIV	B-SPEC
/	O
PLV	O
in	O
wildcats	O
and	O
feral	O
cats	B-SPEC
confirmed	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
a	O
feline	B-SPEC
lentivirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
sampled	O
population	O
.	O

Eighty	O
-	O
nine	O
(	O
82	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
12	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
patients	O
were	O
categorized	O
as	O
probable	O
cases	O
and	O
suspected	O
cases	O
respectively	O
at	O
their	O
first	O
visit	O
and	O
a	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
made	O
subsequently	O
.	O

The	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
was	O
interpreted	O
as	O
unremarkable	O
in	O
26	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
cases	O
at	O
their	O
first	O
visit	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
made	O
in	O
4	O
days	O
(	O
range	O
2	O
-	O
8	O
days	O
),	O
which	O
was	O
significantly	O
longer	O
compared	O
with	O
other	O
cases	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
early	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
by	O
using	O
composite	O
Rhodiolae	O
(	O
CR	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
during	O
extracorporeal	O
circulation	B-PROC
.	O

Seventy	O
-	O
six	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
screened	O
out	O
by	O
color	O
2D	O
-	O
Doppler	O
ultrasonography	O
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
the	O
treated	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
40	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
36	O
).	O

By	O
controlled	O
paralled	O
design	O
,	O
49	O
patients	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
studied	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
29	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
ICWM	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
20	O
).	O

The	O
infections	B-DISO
among	O
the	O
medical	O
and	O
health	O
workers	O
are	O
high	O
.	O

On	O
6	O
April	O
(	O
day	O
40	O
)	O
there	O
were	O
74	O
cases	O
and	O
7	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

If	O
this	O
trend	O
continues	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
numbers	O
in	O
Canada	O
are	O
predicted	O
to	O
be	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
387	O
cases	O
and	O
34	O
deaths	B-PROC
by	O
26	O
April	O
(	O
day	O
60	O
),	O
4432	O
cases	O
and	O
394	O
deaths	B-PROC
by	O
26	O
May	O
(	O
day	O
90	O
),	O
and	O
50	O
500	O
cases	O
and	O
4489	O
deaths	B-PROC
by	O
25	O
June	O
(	O
day	O
120	O
).	O

By	O
comparison	O
,	O
the	O
best	O
parameters	O
to	O
fit	B-DISO
Hong	O
Kong	O
data	O
as	O
of	O
10	O
April	O
2003	O
are	O
R	O
(	O
o	O
)	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
F	O
=	O
20	O
%,	O
i	O
=	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
d	O
=	O
14	O
days	O
.	O

A	O
possible	O
cause	O
of	O
false	O
-	O
positive	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
in	O
SLE	B-DISO
patients	O
is	O
coated	O
antigens	B-CHED
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
Vero	O
-	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
ELISA	O
methods	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
concluded	O
that	O
not	O
all	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
could	O
produce	O
the	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
specific	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

Although	O
NO	O
is	O
important	O
in	O
maintaining	O
vasodilator	B-CHED
tone	O
,	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vasoconstriction	B-DISO
is	O
accompanied	O
by	O
an	O
increase	O
instead	O
of	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
NO	O
release	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
comparative	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
to	O
revise	O
the	O
current	O
taxonomy	O
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Coronaviridae	O
family	B-SPEC
,	O
comprising	O
the	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Torovirus	B-SPEC
genera	O
,	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Nidovirales	B-SPEC
order	B-SPEC
that	O
also	O
includes	O
two	O
other	O
families	O
,	O
Arteriviridae	B-SPEC
and	O
Roniviridae	B-SPEC
.	O

Comparative	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
and	O
HEL	O
domains	O
were	O
extended	O
to	O
include	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
and	O
ronivirus	O
homologs	O
.	O

The	O
pairwise	O
scores	O
between	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
genera	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Torovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
22	O
-	O
25	O
%	O
and	O
21	O
-	O
25	O
%)	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
close	O
to	O
or	O
overlapped	O
with	O
the	O
value	O
ranges	O
(	O
12	O
to	O
22	O
%	O
and	O
17	O
to	O
25	O
%)	O
obtained	O
for	O
interfamily	O
pairwise	O
comparisons	O
,	O
but	O
were	O
much	O
smaller	O
than	O
values	O
derived	O
from	O
pairwise	O
comparisons	O
within	O
the	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
(	O
63	O
-	O
71	O
%	O
and	O
59	O
-	O
67	O
%).	O

In	O
humans	B-SPEC
it	O
is	O
readily	O
absorbed	O
by	O
ingestion	O
and	O
inhalation	B-PROC
but	O
is	O
less	O
well	O
absorbed	O
dermally	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
,	O
intravascular	B-DISO
haemolysis	I-DISO
,	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
,	O
jaundice	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

Supportive	O
care	O
and	O
vigorous	O
management	O
of	O
hyperthermia	B-PROC
should	O
produce	O
a	O
satisfactory	O
outcome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Induction	O
of	O
caspase	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
dependent	I-PROC
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
cultured	O
rat	B-SPEC
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
by	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
is	O
mediated	O
during	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
described	O
the	O
clinical	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
hemodialysis	O
patient	O
who	O
developed	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
literature	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
experience	O
in	O
performing	O
hemodialysis	O
for	O
this	O
patient	O
.	O

Other	O
common	O
findings	O
were	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
(	O
57	O
%,	O
26	O
/	O
46	O
),	O
thrombocytopenia	O
(	O
39	O
%,	O
18	O
/	O
46	O
),	O
elevated	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
63	O
%,	O
29	O
/	O
46	O
),	O
and	O
elevated	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
24	O
%,	O
11	O
/	O
46	O
).	O

Thereafter	O
,	O
severe	O
vitamin	B-DISO
B1	I-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
in	O
infants	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
and	O
treated	O
promptly	O
.	O

Before	O
its	O
recognition	O
approximately	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
infants	O
in	O
this	O
population	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
infantile	O
beri	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
beri	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
),	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
specimens	O
from	O
three	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

48	O
of	O
55	O
(	O
87	O
%)	O
patients	O
had	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
in	O
their	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
is	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
epidemic	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Guangdong	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
patients	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
is	O
the	O
prototype	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
other	O
regions	O
and	O
countries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
main	O
protease	O
and	O
its	O
complex	O
with	O
an	O
inhibitor	O
.	O

BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
obtained	O
from	O
RDS	O
but	O
not	O
CLD	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
proapoptotic	O
to	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
(	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
ratio	O
BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
/	O
saline	O
control	O
:	O
day	O
1	O
,	O
RDS	O
9	O
.	O
8	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
v	O
CLD	B-DISO
1	O
.	O
2	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
day	O
2	O
,	O
RDS	O
4	O
.	O
32	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
)	O
v	O
CLD	B-DISO
0	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)).	O

Moreover	O
,	O
during	O
FIP	B-DISO
many	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
do	O
not	O
express	O
any	O
membrane	B-COMP
antigen	B-CHED
,	O
most	O
likely	O
due	O
to	O
early	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vacuolating	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
by	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
OC43	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
relationship	O
among	O
chest	O
radiographs	O
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
supplementation	O
requirement	O
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
response	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Parameters	O
that	O
influenced	O
treatment	O
response	O
were	O
time	O
from	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
to	O
treatment	O
day	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
003	O
),	O
time	O
from	O
admission	O
to	O
treatment	O
day	O
(	O
P	O
<.	O
001	O
),	O
time	O
to	O
maximal	O
radiographic	O
score	O
from	O
treatment	O
day	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
001	O
),	O
maximal	O
radiographic	O
score	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
009	O
),	O
Sao2	B-PROC
at	O
maximal	O
radiographic	O
score	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
13	O
),	O
and	O
treatment	O
radiographic	O
score	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
03	O
).	O

Quarantine	O
hospital	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

During	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
incidence	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
(	O
53	O
%),	O
anemia	B-DISO
(	O
53	O
%),	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
6	O
%)	O
increased	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
valuable	O
to	O
keep	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
in	I-PROC
these	O
cases	O
.	O

Suddenly	O
it	O
became	O
difficult	O
to	O
ventilate	O
her	O
and	O
her	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
saturation	O
declined	O
with	O
bradycardia	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
observations	O
made	O
by	O
two	O
authors	O
on	O
a	O
journey	O
from	O
Manchester	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
to	O
Chiang	O
Mai	B-SPEC
in	O
Thailand	O
during	O
the	O
peak	O
of	O
global	O
transmission	O
.	O

Ten	O
similar	O
and	O
sequential	O
telephone	O
surveys	O
were	O
conducted	O
during	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
are	O
classified	O
as	O
belonging	O
to	O
the	O
first	O
and	O
second	O
phases	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
on	O
heart	O
initially	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
data	O
of	O
86	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
collected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
statistically	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
mainly	O
resulted	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
may	O
involve	O
heart	B-ANAT
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
general	O
ICU	O
were	O
enrolled	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

Ninety	O
-	O
three	O
cases	O
were	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
2	O
were	O
epidemic	B-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
,	O
8	O
were	O
epidemic	O
cerebrospinal	B-DISO
meningitis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
3	O
cases	O
were	O
epidemic	B-DISO
hemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
.	O

Fully	O
mature	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
416	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
SpaA416	O
)	O
showed	O
sufficient	O
antigenicities	O
,	O
and	O
further	O
examination	O
was	O
done	O
with	O
SpaA416	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
higher	O
yield	O
.	O

The	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
experimentally	O
immunized	O
with	O
commercial	O
live	O
vaccine	O
and	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
inactivated	O
vaccines	O
clearly	O
increased	O
after	O
immunization	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
completely	O
protected	O
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
virulent	O
strains	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
SpaA416	O
ELISA	O
is	O
an	O
effective	O
method	O
not	O
only	O
for	O
evaluating	O
pigs	B-SPEC
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
protective	O
antibody	B-COMP
levels	O
resulting	O
from	O
vaccination	O
or	O
maternal	O
antibody	B-COMP
but	O
also	O
for	O
detecting	O
antibody	B-COMP
produced	O
by	O
natural	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
enzyme	O
catalyses	O
three	O
steps	O
in	O
the	O
beta	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
oxidation	I-PATH
of	O
long	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
chain	I-CHED
fatty	I-CHED
acids	I-CHED
.	O

Additional	O
information	O
and	O
references	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
Web	B-DISO
sites	O
for	O
the	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
,	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
,	O
and	O
Health	O
Canada	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
clinical	O
symptoms	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
signs	I-DISO
are	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
myalgias	B-DISO
,	O
malaise	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
crackles	B-DISO
.	O

Predictors	O
of	O
mortality	O
included	O
advanced	O
age	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
high	B-PRGE
lactic	I-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
or	O
high	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
count	O
at	O
admission	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
According	O
to	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
complications	O
,	O
we	O
divide	O
the	O
courses	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
into	O
three	O
stages	O
:	O
early	O
phase	O
(	O
first	O
4	O
days	O
)	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
kidney	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
shock	O
,	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
and	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
digestive	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
;	O
middle	O
phase	O
(	O
5	O
-	O
15	O
days	O
)	O
with	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
fungous	O
infection	B-DISO
;	O
late	O
phase	O
(	O
15	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
)	O
with	O
abscess	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterizing	O
degradation	O
products	O
of	O
peptides	B-CHED
containing	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
Cys	B-CHED
residues	O
by	O
(	O
off	O
-	O
line	O
high	O
-	O
performance	O
liquid	O
chromatography	O
)/	O
matrix	O
-	O
assisted	O
laser	O
desorption	O
/	O
ionization	O
quadrupole	O
time	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
flight	B-PROC
measurements	O
.	O

The	O
average	O
degree	O
of	O
degradation	O
during	O
overnight	O
digestion	B-PROC
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
approximately	O
51	O
and	O
approximately	O
34	O
%	O
for	O
Cys	B-CHED
and	O
Gln	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
more	O
detailed	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
time	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
reactions	O
was	O
obtained	O
for	O
the	O
peptides	O
CCTESLVNR	O
and	O
QYYTVFDR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
viruses	B-SPEC
].	O

In	O
addition	O
new	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
were	O
discovered	O
and	O
found	O
to	O
cause	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
being	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
ones	O
.	O

Where	O
single	O
agent	O
therapy	O
fails	O
,	O
combination	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CCL3	I-PRGE
treatment	O
is	O
synergistic	O
and	O
able	O
to	O
prevent	O
mortality	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
the	O
highly	O
lethal	O
pneumonia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
of	I-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
.	O

With	O
regard	O
to	O
blockade	O
,	O
combination	O
antiviral	B-CHED
/	O
antichemokine	O
therapy	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
strategy	O
worth	O
considering	O
as	O
a	O
general	O
therapeutic	O
approach	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
HSV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
throat	B-ANAT
was	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
HSV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Four	O
hours	O
later	O
she	O
developed	O
progressive	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
diffuse	O
geographical	O
airspace	O
disease	O
and	O
bilateral	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

Granulocyte	B-PRGE
or	O
human	B-PRGE
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
donor	B-CHED
plasma	B-ANAT
may	O
confirm	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
transfusion	O
injury	O
.	O

By	O
mid	O
-	O
July	O
,	O
five	O
international	O
airports	O
in	O
Southeast	O
Asia	O
had	O
been	O
inspected	O
and	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
full	O
compliance	O
with	O
the	O
ICAO	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
protective	O
measures	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
aimed	O
at	O
preventing	O
a	O
resurgence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
it	O
also	O
contains	O
elements	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
methodology	O
developed	O
applicable	O
to	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
any	O
other	O
communicable	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
which	O
the	O
mode	O
of	O
transmission	O
could	O
involve	O
aviation	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
by	O
air	B-CHED
travel	O
.	O

Such	O
an	O
analysis	O
,	O
embodied	O
within	O
the	O
DS	O
GeneAtlas	O
pipeline	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
critically	O
evaluate	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
genome	O
with	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
identifying	O
new	O
potential	O
targets	O
for	O
viral	O
therapeutic	O
intervention	O
.	O

This	O
increase	O
persisted	O
only	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
developed	O
FIP	B-DISO
(	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
alpha	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
globulins	I-PRGE
)	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
only	O
transient	O
in	O
FCoV	O
-	O
exposed	O
cats	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
long	O
lasting	O
increase	O
in	O
alpha	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
globulins	I-PRGE
was	O
observed	O
.	O

A	O
large	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
variance	O
(	O
91	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
was	O
accounted	O
for	O
by	O
levels	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
RANTES	B-PRGE
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
evidence	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
signs	O
in	O
the	O
otolaryngological	O
field	O
may	O
explain	O
the	O
flulike	O
symptoms	O
,	O
and	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
differential	O
diagnostic	O
tool	O
between	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Clinical	O
manifestations	O
included	O
fever	B-PROC
in	O
31	O
patients	O
(	O
97	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
chill	B-DISO
,	O
headache	B-DISO
,	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
rhinorrhea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
otalgia	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
the	O
authors	O
shall	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
molecular	O
biology	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
suggest	O
how	O
this	O
information	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
possible	O
targets	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
.	O

Within	O
a	O
remarkably	O
short	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
isolated	O
,	O
its	O
genome	O
has	O
been	O
sequenced	O
and	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
key	O
viral	O
enzyme	O
has	O
been	O
deduced	O
.	O

This	O
combination	O
of	O
array	O
hybridization	B-PROC
followed	O
by	O
direct	O
viral	O
sequence	O
recovery	O
should	O
prove	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
general	O
strategy	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
identification	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
novel	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
radiographic	O
presentations	O
,	O
as	O
expected	O
,	O
were	O
relatively	O
more	O
pronounced	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
probable	O
cases	O
.	O

The	O
genomic	O
complexity	O
of	O
FCoVs	O
was	O
investigated	O
using	O
single	O
-	O
strand	O
conformational	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
(	O
SSCP	O
)	O
analysis	O
of	O
N	O
and	O
ORF7b	O
amplicons	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
process	O
was	O
investigated	O
by	O
sequence	O
-	O
based	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
showed	O
the	O
clear	O
separation	B-DISO
of	O
sequences	O
analysed	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
virulence	B-PROC
and	O
geographical	O
origin	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Talking	B-PROC
about	O
stress	O
implies	O
that	O
we	O
are	O
talking	O
about	O
two	O
things	O
:	O
an	O
event	O
and	O
a	O
response	O
to	O
that	O
event	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
posed	O
a	O
serious	O
challenge	O
for	O
the	O
healthcare	O
field	O
,	O
not	O
just	O
from	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
of	O
how	O
we	O
provide	O
care	O
but	O
also	O
how	O
we	O
communicate	O
with	O
hospital	O
staff	O
and	O
the	O
public	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Low	O
risk	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
on	O
airplanes	O
:	O
the	O
Singapore	O
experience	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Air	B-CHED
pollution	O
and	O
case	O
fatality	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Republic	O
of	O
China	O
:	O
an	O
ecologic	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
claimed	O
349	O
lives	O
with	O
5	O
,	O
327	O
probable	O
cases	O
reported	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
since	O
November	O
2002	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
case	O
fatality	O
has	O
varied	O
across	O
geographical	O
areas	O
,	O
which	O
might	O
be	O
partially	O
explained	O
by	O
air	B-CHED
pollution	O
level	O
.	O

Air	B-CHED
pollution	O
was	O
evaluated	O
by	O
air	B-CHED
pollution	O
index	O
(	O
API	B-SPEC
)	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
concentrations	O
of	O
particulate	O
matter	O
,	O
sulfur	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
,	O
nitrogen	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
,	O
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
and	O
ground	O
-	O
level	O
ozone	B-CHED
.	O

Partially	O
ecologic	O
analysis	O
based	O
on	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
exposure	O
to	O
ambient	O
air	B-CHED
pollution	O
showed	O
the	O
similar	O
association	O
.	O

Although	O
ecologic	O
fallacy	O
and	O
uncontrolled	O
confounding	O
effect	O
might	O
have	O
biased	O
the	O
results	O
,	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
a	O
detrimental	O
effect	O
of	O
air	B-CHED
pollution	O
on	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
deserves	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
recognised	O
and	O
highly	O
contagious	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
new	O
strain	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
stayed	O
stable	O
at	O
4	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
at	O
room	O
temperature	O
(	O
20	O
degrees	O
C	O
)	O
and	O
at	O
37	O
degrees	O
C	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
2	O
h	O
without	O
remarkable	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
ability	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
were	O
converted	O
to	O
be	O
non	O
-	O
infectious	B-DISO
after	O
90	O
-,	O
60	O
-	O
and	O
30	O
-	O
min	O
exposure	O
at	O
56	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
at	O
67	O
degrees	O
C	O
and	O
at	O
75	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
case	O
example	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
prime	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
disease	O
that	O
pharmacists	O
may	O
encounter	O
in	O
daily	O
practice	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
easily	O
transmitted	B-DISO
,	O
resembles	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
).	O

Data	O
on	O
current	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
Department	O
of	O
Health	O
Web	B-DISO
site	O
.	O

Descriptive	O
statistics	O
were	O
calculated	O
for	O
incidence	O
,	O
prevalence	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
from	O
March	O
14	O
to	O
May	O
31	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
the	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
and	O
equine	B-SPEC
foamy	O
retroviruses	B-SPEC
will	O
be	O
discussed	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
well	O
-	O
documented	O
cases	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
transmissions	O
of	O
different	O
simian	O
foamy	O
viruses	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
serum	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
titer	O
in	O
patients	O
recovered	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
0	O
.	O
07	O
+/-	O

0	O
.	O
20	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
also	O
significantly	O
higher	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
in	O
community	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
patients	O
and	O
healthy	O
persons	O
.	O

0	O
.	O
25	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
samples	O
from	O
Shandong	O
province	O
where	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
found	O
in	O
May	O
,	O
2003	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
95	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
44	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Close	O
contact	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
can	O
cause	O
the	O
serum	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
to	O
increase	O
significantly	O
in	O
medical	O
personnel	O
,	O
a	O
phenomenon	O
deserves	O
further	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
dynamic	O
changes	O
observed	O
in	O
serum	O
levels	O
of	O
interleukins	O
(	O
ILs	B-DISO
),	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
transforming	B-PRGE
growth	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta1	I-PRGE
(	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta1	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Serum	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
were	O
measured	O
only	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
mean	O
concentration	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
from	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
in	O
3	O
-	O
7	O
day	O
group	O
and	O
8	O
-	O
14	O
day	O
group	O
,	O
but	O
became	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
over	O
14	O
day	O
group	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
7	O
day	O
group	O
and	O
8	O
-	O
14	O
day	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
from	O
162	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
30	O
cases	O
of	O
mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
30	O
healthy	O
adult	O
volunteers	O
were	O
measured	O
for	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
total	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
CD19	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
cell	O
),	O
CD5	B-PRGE
positive	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
B1	O
cell	B-COMP
)	O
and	O
mean	O
fluorescent	O
intensity	O
of	O
CD40	B-PRGE
on	O
B	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
(	O
CD40MF	O
)	O
using	O
tri	O
-	O
color	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
above	O
parameters	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
healthy	O
adult	O
volunteers	O
and	O
their	O
relation	O
to	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
epidemiologic	O
feature	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

It	O
was	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
causes	O
for	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
may	O
include	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	O
virus	B-SPEC
leads	O
to	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
thus	O
an	O
unsteady	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
myocardial	O
electricity	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
directly	O
causes	O
injury	O
to	O
the	O
myocardial	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
/	O
or	O
the	O
conduct	B-PROC
system	O
;	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
aggravates	O
the	O
original	O
myocardial	O
pathological	O
change	O
,	O
worsening	O
the	O
conduct	B-PROC
block	O
;	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
extreme	O
anxiety	O
leads	O
to	O
extra	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
catecholamine	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
causes	O
instability	O
of	O
myocardial	O
electricity	O
;	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
defecation	B-PROC
worsens	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
which	O
induces	O
arrhythmia	B-DISO
(	O
ventricular	B-DISO
fibrillation	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
causes	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
polymerase	O
region	O
detected	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
in	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
and	O
78	O
%	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

N385	O
had	O
the	O
highest	O
affinity	O
for	O
forming	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
antibody	B-COMP
complexes	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
serum	B-COMP
.	O

N385	O
had	O
the	O
highest	O
affinity	O
for	O
forming	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
antibody	B-COMP
complexes	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
serum	B-COMP
.	O

Generally	O
,	O
affected	O
tissues	B-ANAT
had	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
p40	B-COMP
mRNA	B-CHED
and	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
.	O

Although	O
no	O
differences	O
in	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
or	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
were	O
measured	O
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
was	O
greater	O
in	O
affected	O
tissues	B-ANAT
and	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
shift	O
in	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
from	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
to	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Together	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
colocalize	O
FIPV	O
replication	O
,	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
depletion	O
in	O
tissues	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
alterations	O
in	O
cytokine	O
transcription	B-PROC
and	O
translation	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
dependent	O
enhancement	O
(	O
ADE	B-CHED
)	O
activity	O
increased	O
with	O
the	O
MAb	O
that	O
showed	O
a	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
distinct	O
correlation	O
between	O
ADE	B-CHED
activity	O
and	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
.	O

When	O
these	O
vaccinated	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
dose	O
of	O
heterologous	O
FIPV	O
,	O
the	O
survival	O
rate	O
was	O
75	O
%	O
(	O
6	O
/	O
8	O
),	O
while	O
the	O
survival	O
rate	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
immunized	O
with	O
SF	O
-	O
9	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
derived	O
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
12	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
1	O
/	O
8	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predominance	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
nose	B-ANAT
of	O
symptomatic	O
and	O
asymptomatic	O
infants	O
.	O

Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
pathogen	O
during	O
URTI	B-DISO
and	O
rhinitis	B-DISO
in	O
0	O
-	O
to	O
2	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
infants	O
(	O
approximately	O
40	O
%).	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
rhinovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
respiratory	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
infants	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
most	O
influenza	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
are	O
self	O
-	O
limited	O
,	O
few	O
other	O
diseases	O
exert	O
such	O
a	O
huge	O
toll	O
of	O
suffering	B-DISO
and	O
economic	O
loss	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
,	O
evidence	O
has	O
accrued	O
on	O
the	O
protection	O
afforded	O
by	O
inactivated	O
vaccines	O
and	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
in	O
children	O
of	O
live	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
.	O

The	O
contrast	O
between	O
recent	O
cases	O
of	O
H5N1	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
,	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
typically	O
mild	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
limiting	O
nature	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
with	O
avian	B-SPEC
H7N7	O
and	O
H9N2	O
influenza	B-DISO
shows	O
the	O
gaps	O
in	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
molecular	O
correlates	O
of	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
underlines	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
continuing	O
international	O
research	O
into	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
we	O
consider	O
progress	O
to	O
date	O
in	O
preparedness	O
for	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
and	O
review	O
what	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
done	O
.	O

The	O
replication	O
cycle	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
followed	O
from	O
1	O
to	O
30	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.).	O

in	O
about	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
this	O
increased	O
dramatically	O
to	O
about	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
population	O
within	O
an	O
hour	O
(	O
6	O
h	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.).	O

Swollen	O
Golgi	B-COMP
sacs	B-DISO
contained	O
virus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsids	O
at	O
different	O
stages	O
of	O
maturation	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
virus	B-SPEC
precursors	O
were	O
also	O
in	O
large	O
vacuoles	B-COMP
and	O
in	O
close	O
association	O
with	O
membrane	B-COMP
whorls	O
.	O

By	O
24	O
to	O
30	O
h	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.,	O
crystalline	O
arrays	O
of	O
the	O
extracellular	B-COMP
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
were	O
seen	O
commonly	O
at	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
.	O

293T	O
cells	B-COMP
transfected	O
with	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
,	O
but	O
not	O
those	O
transfected	O
with	O
human	B-PRGE
immunodeficiency	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
,	O
formed	O
multinucleated	O
syncytia	B-ANAT
with	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

New	O
surfactants	O
with	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
substances	O
to	O
control	O
inhibition	B-PROC
,	O
such	O
as	O
polyethyleneglycol	O
,	O
are	O
being	O
tested	O
for	O
diseases	O
in	O
which	O
inactivation	B-DISO
seems	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
significant	O
factor	O
.	O

Therapy	O
with	O
exogenous	O
surfactants	B-CHED
,	O
even	O
as	O
a	O
treatment	O
for	O
RDS	O
,	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
thoroughly	O
investigated	O
.	O

CONCLUSION	O
:	O
Prone	O
positioning	O
during	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
may	O
improve	O
the	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratio	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
hour	O
.	O

The	O
cDNA	O
library	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
PUMC01	O
isolate	O
)	O
was	O
constructed	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
random	O
-	O
priming	O
strategy	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
PUMC2	I-PRGE
strain	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
as	O
the	O
template	O
,	O
the	O
cDNA	O
fragments	O
were	O
amplified	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
the	O
PCR	O
products	O
were	O
further	O
purified	O
and	O
ligated	O
into	O
the	O
pGEM	B-CHED
-	O
T	O
vector	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
clones	O
obtained	O
were	O
sequenced	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
recombinant	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
obtained	O
by	O
genetic	O
engineering	O
methods	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
further	O
functional	O
study	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
capillaries	B-ANAT
increased	O
and	O
the	O
capillaries	B-ANAT
clearly	O
outlined	O
the	O
contour	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
from	O
beginning	O
to	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
organization	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
decreased	O
sharply	O
while	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
remarkably	O
increased	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
type	B-ANAT
II	I-ANAT
pneumocytes	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
numbers	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
decreased	O
in	O
the	O
fibrotic	O
and	O
consolidated	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
vessel	B-ANAT
cavities	B-DISO
enlarged	O
,	O
losing	O
the	O
normal	O
contour	O
of	O
alveolar	O
septa	O
.	O

The	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
are	O
consisted	O
of	O
the	O
tissue	B-ANAT
reaction	O
to	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
injury	O
,	O
including	O
extensive	O
exudation	B-PROC
,	O
capillary	B-ANAT
proliferation	B-DISO
,	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
obvious	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
which	O
may	O
play	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lesions	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
patients	O
had	O
a	O
moderately	O
degree	O
physiological	O
impairment	B-DISO
and	O
increased	O
SGRQ	O
score	O
.	O

Scores	O
of	O
all	O
four	O
part	O
of	O
SGRQ	O
correlated	O
significantly	O
with	O
diffuse	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
for	O
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
/	O
pre	O
(	O
DLco	O
%).	O

The	O
cured	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
'	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
decrease	O
moderately	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
dynamics	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Fifty	O
-	O
six	O
normal	O
healthy	O
blood	B-ANAT
donors	O
were	O
also	O
detected	O
as	O
normal	O
controls	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
normal	O
controls	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
the	O
percentages	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
in	O
normal	O
levels	O
during	O
the	O
1st	O
week	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
counts	O
decreased	O
significantly	O
to	O
(	O
306	O
+/-	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
pulmonary	O
function	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
during	O
the	O
convalescent	O
period	O
.	O

Followup	O
89	O
outpatients	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
study	O
included	O
interview	O
,	O
physical	O
examination	O
,	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
test	O
.	O

Dyspnea	B-DISO
during	O
acute	O
phase	O
and	O
CT	O
during	O
the	O
convalescent	O
period	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
significant	O
influences	O
on	O
DLco	O
and	O
total	O
lung	B-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
(	O
TLC	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
interval	O
between	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
and	O
functional	O
assessment	O
was	O
1	O
.	O
75	O
+/-	O

Forty	O
-	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
fatality	O
ratio	O
of	O
8	O
.	O
7	O
%.	O

There	O
were	O
34	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
without	O
any	O
contact	O
histories	O
before	O
their	O
onset	O
.	O

Current	O
available	O
measures	O
to	O
prevent	O
and	O
control	O
SARS	B-DISO
proved	O
effective	O
.	O

And	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
attack	O
rate	O
)	O
in	O
those	O
exposed	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
suffered	B-DISO
the	O
illness	O
during	O
the	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
quarantine	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Statistical	O
analysis	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
SAS	O
software	O
showed	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
absolute	O
counts	O
(	O
AC	O
)	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
and	O
its	O
subsets	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
normal	O
people	O
,	O
while	O
percentages	O
(	O
PC	O
)	O
of	O
CD3	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD25	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD3	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
HLA	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DR	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
subsets	I-PRGE
were	O
increased	O
markedly	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
treatment	O
and	O
prognosis	O
of	O
elderly	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
].	O

Elderly	O
patients	O
had	O
more	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
sputum	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Three	O
of	O
thirteen	O
patients	O
had	O
been	O
intubated	O
or	O
received	O
tracheotomy	O
before	O
they	O
entered	O
into	O
ICU	O
,	O
the	O
other	O
patients	O
received	O
treatment	O
of	O
nasal	O
cannula	B-SPEC
or	O
oxygen	B-CHED
mask	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
cloned	O
,	O
expressed	O
,	O
and	O
characterized	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
and	O
various	O
soluble	O
fragments	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
Tor2	O
isolate	O
)	O
S	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
.	O

S	O
and	O
its	O
soluble	O
ectodomain	O
,	O
S	O
(	O
e	O
),	O
were	O
not	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
to	O
any	O
significant	O
degree	O
.	O

Together	O
with	O
data	O
for	O
inhibition	O
of	O
binding	O
by	O
antibodies	B-COMP
developed	O
against	O
peptides	B-CHED
from	O
S	O
,	O
these	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
is	O
located	O
between	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
303	O
and	O
537	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
enhanced	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
coronavirus	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
target	O
gene	O
pre	O
-	O
amplification	B-DISO
step	O
preceded	O
TaqMan	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
fluorescent	O
PCR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
How	O
would	O
schools	O
step	O
up	O
public	O
health	O
measures	O
to	O
control	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
?	O

Its	O
emergence	O
should	O
be	O
perceived	O
as	O
a	O
disturbing	O
alarm	O
that	O
underscores	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
strengthen	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
facilitate	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
security	O
""""	O
umbrella	O
""""	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
future	O
disasters	O
.	O

We	O
predict	O
important	O
structural	O
attributes	O
of	O
potential	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RdRp	B-FUNC
nucleotide	B-CHED
analog	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
:	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
-	O
bonding	O
capability	O
for	O
the	O
2	O
'	O
and	O
3	O
'	O
groups	O
of	O
the	O
sugar	O
ring	O
and	O
C3	O
'	O
endo	O
sugar	O
puckering	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
hydrophobic	O
binding	B-FUNC
pocket	O
for	O
non	O
-	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
analog	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
similar	O
to	O
those	O
observed	O
in	O
hepatitis	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
RdRp	B-FUNC
and	I-PRGE
human	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
reverse	B-ENZY
transcriptase	I-ENZY
.	O

We	O
propose	O
that	O
the	O
clinically	O
observed	O
resistance	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
is	O
probably	O
due	O
to	O
perturbation	O
of	O
the	O
conserved	O
motif	O
A	O
that	O
controls	O
rNTP	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
fidelity	O
of	O
polymerization	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	O
virus	B-SPEC
origin	O
which	O
obviously	O
differs	O
from	O
the	O
theory	O
of	O
out	O
-	O
space	O
origin	O
and	O
the	O
theory	O
of	O
wildlife	O
origin	O
was	O
theoretically	O
discussed	O
based	O
on	O
principles	O
of	O
pollution	O
-	O
evolution	B-PROC
ecology	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
infectant	O
characteristics	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
some	O
relevant	O
experimental	O
evidence	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Toronto	O
was	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
index	O
patient	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
containing	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
vigilance	O
and	O
strict	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
are	O
important	O
.	O

Diagnostic	O
assays	O
on	O
the	O
fluid	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
body	B-ANAT
effusion	B-DISO
had	O
good	O
predictive	O
values	O
.	O

Definitive	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
measurement	O
of	O
various	O
variables	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
was	O
not	O
possible	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
tests	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
decision	O
for	O
more	O
invasive	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
intracellular	B-COMP
viral	O
RNP	B-COMP
complexes	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
genomic	O
RNP	B-COMP
complex	O
is	O
packaged	O
into	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
.	O

Tissue	B-ANAT
sections	O
were	O
stained	O
with	O
haematoxylin	B-CHED
and	O
eosin	O
(	O
H	O
&	O
E	O
),	O
and	O
in	O
situ	O
reverse	B-ENZY
transcriptase	I-ENZY
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
on	O
lung	B-ANAT
sections	O
was	O
performed	O
using	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
primers	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
thromboemboli	O
in	O
some	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
arterioles	B-ANAT
.	O

Matching	O
was	O
done	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
co	O
-	O
morbidities	O
,	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
level	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
pulse	B-PROC
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
75	O
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
were	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
subgroups	O
for	O
analysis	O
:	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
as	O
initial	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
as	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
addition	O
of	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
as	O
initial	O
treatment	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
overall	O
death	B-PROC
rate	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
and	O
intubation	O
rate	O
(	O
0	O
%),	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
matched	O
cohort	O
who	O
received	O
standard	O
treatment	O
(	O
15	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
and	O
11	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
respectively	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
lower	O
rate	O
of	O
use	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
at	O
a	O
lower	O
mean	O
dose	O
.	O

The	O
subgroup	O
who	O
had	O
received	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
as	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
,	O
showed	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
overall	O
death	B-PROC
rate	O
and	O
rates	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
desaturation	O
and	O
intubation	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
matched	O
cohort	O
,	O
and	O
received	O
a	O
higher	O
mean	O
dose	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
both	O
humans	O
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
reported	O
with	O
increased	O
frequency	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
by	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-ANAT
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
capturing	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

Antinucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
could	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
68	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
6	O
to	O
10	O
days	O
after	O
illness	O
and	O
in	O
89	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
11	O
to	O
61	O
days	O
after	O
illness	O
.	O

Among	O
940	O
other	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
clinical	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
,	O
only	O
1	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
weakly	O
positive	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumococcal	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
CAP	B-DISO
)	O
-	O
a	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
illness	O
.	O

These	O
two	O
cases	O
illustrate	O
the	O
usefulness	O
of	O
the	O
British	O
Thoracic	B-DISO
Society	O
severity	O
criteria	O
and	O
serve	O
to	O
emphasize	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
early	O
recognition	O
of	O
adverse	O
physiology	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
and	O
projected	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
P	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
different	O
isolates	O
of	O
TCoV	O
from	O
5	O
different	O
states	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
revealed	O
a	O
close	O
association	O
among	O
the	O
different	O
isolates	O
of	O
TCoV	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
type	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Presenting	O
symptoms	O
included	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
100	O
%),	O
cough	B-DISO
(	O
69	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
chills	B-DISO
or	O
rigor	B-DISO
(	O
62	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
and	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
(	O
41	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

The	O
193	O
-	O
residue	O
fragment	O
blocked	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
mediated	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
an	O
IC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
10	O
nm	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
IC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
was	O
approximately	O
50	O
nm	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
identify	O
an	O
independently	O
folded	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mosaic	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
data	O
support	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
and	O
suggest	O
a	O
possible	O
past	O
recombination	B-PROC
event	O
between	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
parent	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
collectively	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
retains	O
all	O
biological	O
activities	O
necessary	O
for	O
receptor	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Each	O
deletion	O
strain	O
was	O
transformed	O
to	O
express	O
BMV	O
replicase	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
BMV	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
template	O
with	O
the	O
capsid	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
replaced	O
by	O
a	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
reporter	O
.	O

Newly	O
identified	O
genes	O
include	O
some	O
in	O
RNA	O
,	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
membrane	B-COMP
modification	O
pathways	B-PROC
and	O
genes	O
of	O
unknown	O
function	O
.	O

A	O
group	O
at	O
the	O
Joint	B-ANAT
Centre	O
for	O
Bioethics	O
(	O
JCB	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Toronto	O
formally	O
explored	O
the	O
ethical	O
dimensions	O
of	O
this	O
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
secret	O
life	O
of	O
ACE2	O
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
patients	O
demonstrated	O
C	O
-	O
peptide	B-CHED
and	O
insulin	B-PRGE
production	O
indicating	O
graft	B-ANAT
function	O
.	O

When	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
this	O
apparently	O
novel	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
termed	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
came	O
to	O
an	O
end	O
in	O
July	O
2003	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
caused	O
over	O
8000	O
probable	O
cases	O
worldwide	O
and	O
more	O
than	O
700	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Vaccines	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
(	O
Gallus	B-SPEC
gallus	I-SPEC
domesticus	I-SPEC
)	O
have	O
arguably	O
been	O
the	O
most	O
successful	O
,	O
and	O
certainly	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
,	O
of	O
vaccines	O
for	O
diseases	O
caused	O
by	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
the	O
others	O
being	O
against	O
bovine	B-SPEC
,	O
canine	O
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
persist	O
,	O
being	O
re	O
-	O
excreted	O
at	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
egg	B-PROC
laying	I-PROC
(	O
4	O
to	O
5	O
months	O
of	O
age	O
),	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
the	O
stress	O
of	O
coming	O
into	O
lay	O
.	O

Although	O
100	O
%	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
protected	O
(	O
against	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
loss	O
of	O
ciliary	O
activity	O
in	O
trachea	B-DISO
),	O
sometimes	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
vaccinated	O
chicks	O
do	O
not	O
respond	O
with	O
a	O
protective	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
exists	O
as	O
scores	O
of	O
serotypes	O
(	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
neutralization	O
test	O
),	O
cross	O
-	O
protection	O
often	O
being	O
poor	O
.	O

In	O
practice	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
inactivated	O
vaccines	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
laying	O
birds	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
previously	O
been	O
primed	O
with	O
two	O
or	O
three	O
live	O
attenuated	O
virus	B-SPEC
vaccinations	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
live	O
attenuated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
induce	O
good	O
,	O
although	O
short	O
-	O
lived	O
,	O
protection	O
against	O
homologous	O
challenge	O
,	O
although	O
a	O
minority	O
of	O
individuals	O
may	O
respond	O
poorly	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
rate	O
of	O
novel	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
sparked	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
could	O
well	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
rise	O
.	O

Data	O
of	O
the	O
index	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
the	O
subsequent	O
case	O
clusters	B-CHED
were	O
collected	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
face	B-DISO
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
interview	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
field	O
investigation	O
and	O
case	O
history	O
consultations	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
all	O
three	O
SARS	B-DISO
clusters	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
index	O
cases	O
all	O
had	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
played	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
source	O
that	O
transmitted	B-DISO
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
the	O
patients	O
'	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
,	O
attending	O
medical	O
staff	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
sharing	O
the	O
same	O
ward	O
with	O
them	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
community	O
-	O
based	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
prospectively	O
investigated	O
the	O
possible	O
virologic	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
107	O
symptomatic	O
case	O
episodes	O
and	O
91	O
symptom	B-DISO
-	O
free	O
control	O
periods	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
58	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
case	O
episodes	O
a	O
pathogen	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
being	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
32	O
%),	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
17	O
%),	O
and	O
influenzaviruses	O
(	O
7	O
%).	O

We	O
attempted	O
to	O
interview	O
passengers	O
and	O
crew	O
members	O
at	O
least	O
10	O
days	O
after	O
they	O
had	O
taken	O
one	O
of	O
three	O
flights	O
that	O
transported	O
a	O
patient	O
or	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
one	O
flight	B-PROC
carrying	O
a	O
symptomatic	O
person	O
and	O
119	O
other	O
persons	O
,	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
developed	O
in	O
16	O
persons	O
,	O
2	O
others	O
were	O
given	O
diagnoses	O
of	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
4	O
were	O
reported	O
to	O
have	O
SARS	O
but	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
interviewed	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
22	O
persons	O
with	O
illness	O
,	O
the	O
mean	O
time	O
from	O
the	O
flight	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
was	O
four	O
days	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
two	O
to	O
eight	O
),	O
and	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
recognized	O
exposures	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
before	O
or	O
after	O
the	O
flight	B-PROC
.	O

Transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
may	O
occur	O
on	O
an	O
aircraft	O
when	O
infected	O
persons	O
fly	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
symptomatic	O
phase	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

Reticulation	O
with	O
associated	O
architectural	O
distortion	B-DISO
and	O
mild	O
traction	B-DISO
bronchiectasis	I-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
eight	O
patients	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
pleural	O
reaction	O
,	O
lymphadenopathy	O
,	O
or	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
changes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
serious	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	O
pathogen	O
.	O

This	O
scanner	O
was	O
used	O
exclusively	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
patients	O
with	O
other	O
illnesses	O
who	O
were	O
also	O
thought	O
to	O
have	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Mobile	O
CT	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
provide	O
dedicated	O
radiology	O
services	O
to	O
seriously	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
requiring	O
strict	O
isolation	O
during	O
an	O
infectious	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
a	O
putative	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
150	O
kDa	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
enterocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
notoriously	O
fickle	O
and	O
may	O
attack	O
citizens	O
in	O
say	O
two	O
adjacent	O
countries	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
third	O
.	O

Both	O
drugs	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
prophylactically	O
to	O
prevent	O
spread	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
families	O
and	O
communities	O
where	O
80	O
-	O
90	O
%	O
protection	O
has	O
been	O
documented	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
previously	O
shown	O
that	O
mitochondrial	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
aconitase	B-ENZY
binds	B-FUNC
specifically	O
to	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
terminal	O
42	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
Murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
RNA	O
along	O
with	O
three	O
additional	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
70	O
,	O
58	O
and	O
40	O
kDa	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
stable	O
RNA	B-COMP
-	I-COMP
protein	I-COMP
complex	I-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Paroxetine	O
,	O
a	O
selective	O
serotonin	B-CHED
reuptake	I-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
(	O
SSRI	B-CHED
)	O
may	O
be	O
given	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
maternal	O
depression	B-DISO
and	O
panic	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
during	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

Later	O
we	O
learned	B-PROC
that	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
mother	O
had	O
been	O
treated	O
with	O
Paroxetine	B-CHED
during	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

At	O
day	O
10	O
she	O
was	O
discharged	O
in	O
good	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

Paroxetine	B-CHED
withdrawal	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
neonatal	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
.	O

Near	O
-	O
drowning	O
in	O
the	O
Dead	B-PROC
Sea	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
result	O
in	O
severe	O
electrolyte	O
abnormalities	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
biochemical	O
manifestations	O
and	O
disease	O
outcome	O
of	O
near	O
-	O
drowning	O
in	O
the	O
Dead	B-PROC
Sea	O
.	O

The	O
cohort	O
comprised	O
69	O
patients	O
who	O
nearly	O
drowned	O
in	O
the	O
Dead	B-PROC
Sea	O
.	O

Median	O
serum	B-COMP
electrolyte	O
levels	O
(	O
and	O
range	O
)	O
on	O
admission	O
were	O
10	O
.	O
9	O
mg	O
/	O
dl	O
(	O
9	O
-	O
24	O
)	O
for	O
calcium	B-CHED
,	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
mg	O
/	O
dl	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
30	O
)	O
for	O
magnesium	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
mg	O
/	O
dl	O
(	O
2	O
-	O
9	O
)	O
for	O
phosphorus	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
levels	O
quickly	O
normalized	O
with	O
forced	O
diuresis	B-PROC
within	O
24	O
hours	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
identify	O
potential	O
pathogens	O
in	O
feces	O
from	O
llama	B-SPEC
and	O
alpaca	B-SPEC
crias	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

Results	O
suggest	O
that	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
potential	O
pathogens	O
may	O
be	O
isolated	O
from	O
young	O
crias	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

Many	O
crias	O
shed	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
may	O
also	O
have	O
been	O
affecting	O
older	O
camelids	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
throughout	O
the	O
year	O
,	O
whereas	O
protozoa	O
were	O
most	O
commonly	O
isolated	O
during	O
the	O
fall	O
and	O
winter	O
.	O

Health	O
care	O
worker	O
training	O
in	O
use	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	O
and	O
establishing	O
fever	B-PROC
clinics	O
and	O
designated	O
SARS	B-DISO
wards	O
in	O
hospitals	O
predated	O
the	O
steepest	O
decline	O
in	O
cases	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Health	O
care	O
worker	O
training	O
in	O
use	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
establishing	O
fever	B-PROC
clinics	O
and	O
designated	O
SARS	B-DISO
wards	O
in	O
hospitals	O
predated	O
the	O
steepest	O
decline	O
in	O
cases	O
.	O

Clinical	O
parameters	O
,	O
including	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
and	O
requirement	O
,	O
laboratory	O
measures	O
,	O
and	O
serial	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
results	O
.	O

The	O
interferon	B-PRGE
alfacon	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
treatment	O
group	O
had	O
a	O
shorter	O
time	O
to	O
50	O
%	O
resolution	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
abnormalities	O
(	O
median	O
time	O
,	O
4	O
days	O
vs	O
9	O
days	O
;	O
P	O
=.	O
001	O
),	O
had	O
better	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
02	O
),	O
resolved	O
their	O
need	O
for	O
supplemental	O
oxygen	B-CHED
more	O
rapidly	O
(	O
median	O
,	O
10	O
days	O
vs	O
16	O
days	O
;	O
P	O
=.	O
02	O
),	O
had	O
less	O
of	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
levels	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
03	O
),	O
and	O
showed	O
a	O
trend	O
toward	O
more	O
rapid	O
resolution	O
of	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
levels	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
group	O
receiving	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
alone	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
preliminary	O
,	O
uncontrolled	O
study	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
use	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
alfacon	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
plus	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
was	O
associated	O
with	O
reduced	O
disease	O
-	O
associated	O
impaired	B-DISO
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
,	O
more	O
rapid	O
resolution	O
of	O
radiographic	O
lung	B-ANAT
abnormalities	O
,	O
and	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
evaluated	O
the	O
contributions	O
of	O
CXC	B-PRGE
chemokine	I-PRGE
ligand	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
(	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
promoting	O
innate	O
defense	O
mechanisms	O
following	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
led	O
us	O
to	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
they	O
form	O
a	O
molecular	O
switch	O
,	O
possibly	O
regulating	O
a	O
transition	B-DISO
occurring	O
during	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

This	O
template	O
switch	O
takes	O
place	O
after	O
copying	O
the	O
CS	O
sequence	O
and	O
was	O
predicted	O
in	O
silico	O
based	O
on	O
high	O
base	O
-	O
pairing	O
score	O
between	O
the	O
nascent	O
negative	O
RNA	O
strand	O
and	O
the	O
TRS	B-DISO
-	O
L	O
and	O
minimum	O
DeltaG	O
.	O

MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
induces	O
autophagy	B-PROC
by	O
a	O
mechanism	O
that	O
is	O
resistant	O
to	O
3	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
methyladenine	I-CHED
inhibition	B-PROC
.	O

MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
is	O
impaired	B-DISO
in	O
autophagy	B-PROC
knockout	O
,	O
APG5	B-PRGE
-/-,	O
embryonic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
lines	O
,	O
but	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
levels	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
are	O
restored	O
by	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
Apg5	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
APG5	B-PRGE
-/-	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
quantitative	O
,	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
,	O
nested	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
method	O
,	O
combining	O
the	O
high	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
nested	O
PCR	O
with	O
time	O
-	O
saving	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
instrumentation	O
,	O
was	O
developed	O
for	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
screening	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
cytokine	O
concentrations	O
(	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
[	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
]-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	O
-	O
12p70	O
,	O
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
were	O
monitored	O
longitudinally	O
on	O
admission	O
,	O
immediately	O
before	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
1	O
to	O
2	O
days	O
and	O
7	O
to	O
10	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
drug	O
treatment	O
in	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
)	O
with	O
virologic	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
plasma	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
concentration	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
1	O
to	O
2	O
days	O
and	O
7	O
to	O
10	O
days	O
after	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
immediate	O
pretreatment	O
level	O
.	O

Other	O
key	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
showed	O
only	O
mildly	O
elevated	O
levels	O
at	O
the	O
initial	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
.	O

91	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
and	O
80	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
had	O
decreased	O
CD	O
(	O
4	O
)(+)	O
and	O
CD	O
(	O
8	O
)(+)	O
cell	B-COMP
counts	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

General	O
combination	O
therapy	O
including	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
viral	I-CHED
agents	I-CHED
,	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
and	O
immunity	B-PROC
-	O
enhancing	O
agents	O
,	O
was	O
used	O
.	O

Artificial	O
ventilation	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
196	O
patients	O
including	O
8	O
for	O
whom	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
was	O
used	O
Eighty	O
-	O
one	O
(	O
32	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
having	O
severe	O
type	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

25	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
causing	O
worldwide	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

After	O
the	O
isopropyl	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
beta	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
D	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
thiogalactoside	I-CHED
induction	O
,	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
soluble	O
form	O
and	O
purified	O
by	O
nickel	B-CHED
-	O
affinity	O
chromatography	O
to	O
homogeneity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interpretation	O
of	O
diagnostic	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
the	O
Toronto	O
experience	O
.	O

The	O
initial	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
based	O
on	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
criteria	O
.	O

Focusing	O
on	O
tests	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
we	O
attempted	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
optimal	O
specimen	O
types	O
and	O
timing	O
of	O
specimen	O
collection	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
detected	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
in	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
specimen	O
in	O
59	O
(	O
54	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
of	O
109	O
patients	O
.	O

Serologic	O
test	O
results	O
of	O
convalescent	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
in	O
50	O
(	O
96	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
of	O
52	O
patients	O
for	O
whom	O
paired	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
during	O
the	O
acute	O
and	O
convalescent	O
phases	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
.	O

As	O
tests	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
optimized	O
,	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
and	O
elucidation	O
of	O
a	O
contact	O
history	O
must	O
remain	O
the	O
cornerstone	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infliximab	O
:	O
a	O
new	O
therapeutic	O
agent	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
?	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	O
-	O
alpha	O
)	O
has	O
a	O
central	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
and	O
related	O
systemic	O
complications	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
rats	B-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
10	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predictive	O
model	O
of	O
diagnosing	O
probable	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
febrile	B-PROC
patients	O
with	O
exposure	O
risk	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
issued	O
a	O
global	O
alert	O
about	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
on	O
March	O
12	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
illness	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
major	O
public	O
health	O
challenge	O
worldwide	O
.	O

A	O
screening	O
questionnaire	O
and	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
admission	O
criteria	O
were	O
applied	O
after	O
assessment	O
of	O
clinical	O
features	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
findings	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
time	O
sequence	O
of	O
symptom	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
was	O
rarely	O
discussed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Validation	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
scoring	O
system	O
.	O

All	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
documented	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
measured	O
at	O
home	O
or	O
at	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
and	O
presenting	O
to	O
the	O
ED	O
of	O
National	O
Taiwan	O
University	O
Hospital	O
,	O
a	O
2	O
,	O
400	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
tertiary	O
care	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
in	O
northern	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
were	O
prospectively	O
enrolled	O
.	O

The	O
final	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
Expert	O
Committee	O
of	O
the	O
Center	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
Republic	O
of	O
China	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
criteria	O
of	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
,	O
Atlanta	B-SPEC
,	O
GA	O
.	O

Eighty	O
-	O
two	O
patients	O
were	O
finally	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
overall	O
impact	O
of	O
these	O
measures	O
in	O
preventing	O
international	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
unknown	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
experience	O
could	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
future	O
epidemics	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
primers	O
allowed	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
undergone	O
recombination	B-PROC
around	O
this	O
hot	O
spot	O
.	O

Commercial	O
Mass	O
-	O
Conn	O
and	O
Mass	O
-	O
Ark	O
vaccines	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
vaccinate	O
commercial	O
broiler	O
chickens	B-SPEC
via	O
eye	B-ANAT
drop	O
once	O
at	O
1	O
or	O
10	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
or	O
twice	O
at	O
1	O
and	O
10	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

Protection	O
was	O
measured	O
by	O
failure	O
to	O
reisolate	O
the	O
challenge	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
tracheas	B-ANAT
5	O
days	O
postchallenge	O
and	O
complemented	O
withthe	O
tracheal	O
and	O
epithelium	B-ANAT
thickness	O
scores	O
.	O

The	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
is	O
potentially	O
useful	O
for	O
early	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
.	O
Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
is	O
the	O
predominant	O
viral	O
RNA	O
species	B-SPEC
in	O
clinical	O
samples	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
clinical	O
pattern	O
of	O
Indian	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Thirty	O
patients	O
had	O
primary	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
18	O
had	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
with	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
12	O
patients	O
had	O
polytrauma	O
and	O
10	O
each	O
had	O
recent	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
surgery	O
and	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
.	O

Primary	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	O
involvement	O
in	O
cryoglobulinemia	B-DISO
usually	O
is	O
mild	O
.	O

He	O
recovered	O
with	O
successful	O
steroid	B-CHED
pulse	B-PROC
therapy	O
under	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Concentrations	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
protein	B-CHED
(	O
SP	B-CHED
)-	O
A	O
and	O
SP	B-CHED
-	O
D	O
in	O
sera	B-COMP
reflected	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
recommended	O
that	O
these	O
or	O
similar	O
protocols	O
be	O
used	O
when	O
an	O
obstetrical	O
unit	O
is	O
confronted	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
nosocomial	O
infectious	O
outbreak	O
that	O
has	O
a	O
mechanism	O
of	O
transmission	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
a	O
possible	O
binding	B-FUNC
region	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
on	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
and	O
could	O
help	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
experiments	O
to	O
further	O
elucidate	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Profiles	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
445	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
3	O
,	O
749	O
healthy	O
people	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
capturing	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
47	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
normal	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
,	O
27	O
had	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
infection	B-DISO
confirmed	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
positive	O
serological	O
testing	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
-	O
part	O
I	O
:	O
epidemiology	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outstanding	O
issue	O
regarding	O
recent	O
trends	O
in	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
is	O
the	O
epidemic	O
occurrence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

This	O
new	O
agent	O
was	O
rapidly	O
identified	O
and	O
characterized	O
,	O
the	O
outbreak	O
was	O
terminated	O
in	O
early	O
summer	O
2003	O
after	O
implementation	O
of	O
strict	O
infectious	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
.	O

Both	O
false	O
positive	O
and	O
false	O
negative	O
cases	O
are	O
commonly	O
encountered	O
and	O
this	O
could	O
have	O
far	O
-	O
reaching	B-PROC
detrimental	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
patients	O
,	O
their	O
family	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
clinicians	O
alike	O
.	O

Co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
other	O
treatable	O
conditions	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
missed	O
and	O
conventional	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
should	O
remain	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
-	O
line	O
treatment	O
regimen	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Septic	B-DISO
abortion	I-DISO
is	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
uterus	B-ANAT
and	O
its	O
appendages	B-ANAT
following	O
any	O
abortion	O
especially	O
,	O
illegally	O
performed	O
induced	O
abortions	O
.	O

We	O
compared	O
symptoms	O
of	O
156	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
positive	O
and	O
62	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
negative	O
patients	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
;	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

We	O
examined	O
the	O
seroprevalence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
among	O
674	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
from	O
a	O
hospital	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
had	O
occurred	O
.	O

Activation	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
NF	I-PROC
-	I-PROC
kappaB	I-PROC
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
mineral	B-CHED
dust	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
probably	O
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
these	O
chronic	B-DISO
illnesses	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
complex	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
offers	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
potential	O
molecular	O
targets	O
for	O
chemotherapeutic	O
intervention	O
.	O

A	O
variety	O
of	O
agents	O
aimed	O
at	O
modulating	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
activity	O
are	O
in	O
various	O
stages	O
of	O
investigation	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
of	O
22	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
studied	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
healthy	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
observed	O
as	O
negative	O
controls	O
.	O

CD45RO	O
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
used	O
for	O
pre	O
-	O
embedding	O
immunoelectron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
viral	O
sequence	O
was	O
detected	O
with	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

Our	O
data	O
suggested	O
that	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
particularly	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
were	O
probably	O
the	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
viruses	B-SPEC
may	O
actively	O
infected	O
the	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
phase	O
and	O
the	O
destruction	O
of	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
may	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
important	O
reasons	O
for	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
circulating	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
entered	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
endocytosis	B-PATH
or	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
and	O
was	O
released	O
through	O
a	O
budding	B-PATH
process	O
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
with	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
specific	O
for	O
gp33	O
-	O
41	O
(	O
an	O
H	O
-	O
2D	O
(	O
b	O
)-	O
restricted	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitope	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
lymphocytic	B-DISO
choriomeningitis	I-DISO
glycoprotein	B-CHED
)	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
recombinant	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
,	O
also	O
expressing	O
gp33	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
41	I-PRGE
,	O
as	O
a	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
with	O
enhanced	B-PRGE
green	I-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
EGFP	O
).	O

They	O
will	O
need	O
to	O
implement	O
and	O
ensure	O
strict	O
adherence	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
circumstances	O
,	O
isolation	O
and	O
quarantine	O
may	O
be	O
warranted	O
.	O

Three	O
hybridomas	B-ANAT
producing	O
mAbs	O
specific	O
to	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
was	O
obtained	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
relative	O
molecular	O
mass	O
of	O
48	O
,	O
500	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
mAbs	O
were	O
reactive	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
229E	O
and	O
OC43	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
mAbs	O
produced	O
against	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
domain	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
The	O
3	O
S1	O
-	O
specific	O
mAbs	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
further	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
Using	O
primer	O
Premier	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
software	O
,	O
two	O
pairs	O
of	O
nested	O
PCR	O
primers	O
were	O
designed	O
to	O
amplify	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
the	O
twenty	O
-	O
one	O
German	O
guests	O
traced	O
as	O
having	O
stayed	O
at	O
Hotel	O
""""	O
M	O
""""	O
during	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
one	O
case	O
of	O
laboratory	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
emerged	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
which	O
spread	O
globally	O
in	O
early	O
2003	O
,	O
affecting	O
over	O
30	O
countries	O
.	O

The	O
case	O
definition	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
based	O
on	O
that	O
recommended	O
by	O
WHO	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
index	O
patient	O
presented	O
with	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
,	O
initially	O
without	O
changes	O
to	O
his	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
.	O

Prednisone	B-CHED
was	O
used	O
at	O
a	O
dose	O
of	O
1	O
mg	O
/(	O
kg	O
.	O
d	O
)	O
in	O
3	O
cases	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
Clinical	O
manifestation	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
,	O
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
of	O
4	O
cases	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
obliterans	I-DISO
were	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
major	O
clinical	O
features	O
included	O
diffuse	O
amyotrophy	B-DISO
,	O
bilateral	O
facial	B-DISO
paresis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
fasciculations	B-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
motor	B-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Stepping	B-DISO
acquired	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
AIDS	O
),	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
as	O
another	O
type	O
of	O
disease	O
has	O
been	O
threatening	O
mankind	O
since	O
late	O
last	O
year	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
Wolfram	B-CHED
approach	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
relationship	O
among	O
SARS	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
between	O
SARS	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
variations	O
on	O
the	O
whole	O
genome	O
and	O
the	O
advantages	O
in	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
based	O
on	O
this	O
novel	O
approach	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Cov	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
induces	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
mouse	B-PRGE
serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
was	O
measured	O
by	O
ELISA	O
with	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
expressed	B-PROC
truncated	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
or	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
lysate	O
as	O
diagnostic	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
three	O
fragments	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
was	O
able	O
to	O
react	O
with	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
the	O
S	O
gene	O
DNA	O
candidate	O
vaccine	O
could	O
induce	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
specific	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
efficiently	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
seroconversion	O
ratio	O
of	O
75	O
%	O
after	O
3	O
times	O
of	O
immunization	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
clinical	O
course	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
among	O
the	O
multiple	O
generations	O
of	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
data	O
of	O
84	O
epidemiologically	O
-	O
linked	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
from	O
a	O
hospital	O
outbreak	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
studied	O
.	O

The	O
genotyping	O
and	O
phylogeny	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
were	O
analyzed	O
and	O
reported	O
in	O
this	O
paper	O
.	O

Therefore	O
a	O
novel	O
definition	O
is	O
put	O
forward	O
that	O
according	O
to	O
these	O
7	O
loci	O
of	O
mutation	O
,	O
40	O
strains	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
GenBank	O
can	O
be	O
grouped	O
into	O
two	O
genotypes	O
,	O
T	O
:	O
T	O
:	O
A	O
:	O
G	O
:	O
T	O
:	O
C	O
:	O
T	O
and	O
C	O
:	O
G	O
:	O
G	O
:	O
A	O
:	O
C	O
:	O
T	O
:	O
C	O
,	O
and	O
named	O
as	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Yexin	I-PRGE
genotype	O
and	O
Xiaohong	O
genotype	O
.	O

These	O
genotypes	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
approved	O
by	O
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
of	O
three	O
levels	O
of	O
44	O
loci	O
of	O
mutation	O
,	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
gene	O
and	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
various	O
strains	O
among	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
Yexin	O
genotype	O
and	O
Xiaohong	O
genotype	O
,	O
GD01	O
strain	O
of	O
Yexin	O
genotype	O
is	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
like	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
gene	O
fragments	O
were	O
detected	O
from	O
a	O
suspected	O
pediatric	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
].	O

All	O
the	O
primers	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
sequence	O
at	O
the	O
1b	B-PRGE
frame	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
products	O
with	O
a	O
size	O
of	O
368	O
or	O
348	O
bp	O
were	O
expected	O
with	O
2	O
different	O
primer	O
pairs	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
of	O
great	O
importance	O
to	O
differentiate	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
from	O
those	O
infected	O
with	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
,	O
because	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
visiting	O
the	O
outpatient	O
department	O
present	O
with	O
the	O
symptoms	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
and	O
normal	O
WBC	B-ANAT
count	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
mentioned	O
above	O
indicate	O
that	O
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
gene	O
detections	O
for	O
those	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
useful	O
methods	O
for	O
the	O
differentiation	B-PROC
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
as	O
well	O
as	O
blood	B-ANAT
culture	O
for	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
were	O
all	O
negative	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Singapore	O
:	O
challenges	O
in	O
determining	O
a	O
SARS	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

Although	O
nonspecific	O
by	O
itself	O
,	O
the	O
term	O
does	O
not	O
accurately	O
reflect	O
the	O
underlying	O
dangers	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
may	O
progress	O
rapidly	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Abnormal	O
findings	O
on	O
a	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
were	O
noted	O
at	O
presentation	O
in	O
80	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
41	O
/	O
51	O
)	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
group	O
3	O
,	O
one	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
13	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
widespread	O
availability	O
of	O
affordable	O
refrigeration	O
,	O
many	O
Asian	O
people	O
prefer	O
live	O
animals	B-SPEC
for	O
fresh	B-ANAT
produce	O
.	O

These	O
researchers	O
also	O
found	O
serological	O
evidence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dogs	I-SPEC
(	O
Nyctereutes	B-SPEC
procuyoinboides	O
).	O

Serological	O
evidence	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
human	B-SPEC
beings	O
working	O
in	O
these	O
markets	O
,	O
taken	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
earliest	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
restaurant	O
workers	O
,	O
supports	O
the	O
contention	O
of	O
a	O
potential	O
zoonotic	O
origin	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Will	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
re	O
-	O
emerge	O
from	O
wet	O
markets	O
or	O
from	O
laboratories	O
working	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
or	O
are	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
ongoing	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
beings	O
?	O

The	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
was	O
amplified	O
from	O
the	O
extracted	O
RNA	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
cloned	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
expression	B-PROC
construct	O
(	O
pTri	O
-	O
N	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
sequencing	O
analysis	O
.	O

Adult	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
referral	O
university	O
hospital	O
involved	O
in	O
a	O
major	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Mortality	O
amongst	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
high	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
treatment	O
with	O
propofol	B-CHED
administration	O
at	O
different	O
time	O
point	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
of	O
endotoxin	O
-	O
induced	O
shock	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

PaO2	O
,	O
pH	O
,	O
MAP	O
and	O
survival	O
rate	O
were	O
recorded	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
NO	I-PRGE
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
were	O
measured	O
during	O
5	O
-	O
hr	O
after	O
the	O
injection	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
endotoxemic	O
group	O
,	O
both	O
the	O
pretreatment	O
and	O
simultaneously	O
treatment	O
groups	O
,	O
significantly	O
improved	O
PaO2	O
,	O
pH	O
,	O
MAP	O
and	O
5th	O
hour	O
survival	O
rate	O
of	O
rats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
attenuated	O
endotoxin	O
-	O
induced	O
increased	O
iNOSmRNA	O
,	O
NT	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
MPO	B-FUNC
activity	O
and	O
MDA	B-CHED
level	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
decreased	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
microvascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
NO	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
this	O
'	O
malignant	O
'	O
clinical	O
form	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
fully	O
elucidated	O
.	O

Systemic	O
leukocyte	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
direct	O
consequence	O
of	O
a	O
SIRS	B-DISO
and	O
if	O
excessive	O
,	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
distant	O
organ	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
).	O

Inflammatory	O
mediators	O
play	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
primary	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
these	O
conditions	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
reasonable	O
to	O
speculate	O
that	O
elucidation	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
mediators	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
coupled	O
with	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
specific	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
would	O
make	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
develop	O
clinically	O
effective	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
therapy	O
.	O

All	O
the	O
18	O
patients	O
but	O
one	O
presented	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
cough	B-DISO
.	O

Thirteen	O
children	O
had	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
consolidation	O
.	O

A	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
of	O
subtype	O
H7N7	O
,	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
low	O
pathogenic	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolates	O
obtained	O
from	O
wild	O
ducks	B-SPEC
,	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

Of	O
these	O
89	O
patients	O
,	O
78	O
presented	O
with	O
conjunctivitis	B-DISO
,	O
5	O
presented	O
with	O
conjunctivitis	B-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
,	O
2	O
presented	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
4	O
did	O
not	O
fit	B-DISO
the	O
case	O
definitions	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
fatal	O
case	O
displayed	O
14	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
enhanced	O
disease	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Case	O
report	O
:	O
requirement	O
of	O
supplemental	O
morphine	B-CHED
during	O
sedation	B-DISO
with	O
propofol	B-CHED
in	O
a	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patient	O
undergoing	O
hemodiafiltration	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
10th	O
postoperative	O
day	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
admitted	O
into	O
our	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
left	O
renal	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
resolved	O
and	O
,	O
10	O
days	O
later	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
surgical	O
unit	O
,	O
then	O
discharged	O
home	O
after	O
14	O
days	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
resolved	O
and	O
,	O
10	O
days	O
later	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
surgical	O
unit	O
,	O
then	O
discharged	O
home	O
after	O
14	O
days	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
teachers	O
need	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
current	O
listing	O
of	O
seminal	O
papers	O
for	O
trainees	O
and	O
practitioners	O
of	O
this	O
newest	O
cross	O
-	O
over	O
subspecialty	O
of	O
psychiatry	O
-	O
now	O
called	O
Psychosomatic	O
Medicine	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
paper	O
reviews	O
several	O
geographic	O
mapping	O
efforts	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
that	O
employ	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
techniques	O
like	O
choropleth	O
rendering	O
,	O
graduated	O
circles	O
,	O
graduated	O
pie	O
charts	O
,	O
buffering	O
,	O
overlay	O
analysis	O
and	O
animation	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
these	O
mapping	O
services	O
is	O
to	O
educate	O
the	O
public	O
(	O
especially	O
travellers	O
to	O
potentially	O
at	O
-	O
risk	O
areas	O
)	O
and	O
assist	O
public	O
health	O
authorities	O
in	O
analysing	O
the	O
spatial	O
and	O
temporal	O
trends	O
and	O
patterns	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
in	O
assessing	O
/	O
revising	O
current	O
control	O
measures	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
understand	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
prognosis	O
of	O
pediatric	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
Guangzhou	O
area	O
.	O

Though	O
there	O
were	O
severe	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
patients	O
might	O
not	O
have	O
corresponding	O
symptoms	O
or	O
signs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sixty	O
-	O
one	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genomic	O
sequences	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
early	O
,	O
middle	O
,	O
and	O
late	O
phases	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
were	O
analyzed	O
together	O
with	O
two	O
viral	O
sequences	O
from	O
palm	B-ANAT
civets	B-SPEC
.	O

Images	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacification	O
,	O
consolidation	O
,	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
thickening	O
,	O
evidence	O
of	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
any	O
other	O
abnormalities	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
received	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
pulse	B-PROC
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
(	O
minimum	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
g	O
total	O
),	O
and	O
all	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
ventilation	O
received	O
low	O
-	O
pressure	O
,	O
low	O
-	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
CT	O
features	O
of	O
late	O
-	O
stage	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
seen	O
in	O
late	O
-	O
stage	O
ARDS	B-DISO
of	O
other	O
causes	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
apparent	O
differences	O
between	O
patients	O
who	O
do	O
and	O
patients	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
receive	O
prolonged	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
these	O
structures	O
revealed	O
a	O
large	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
hinge	O
-	O
bending	B-DISO
movement	B-PROC
of	O
one	O
catalytic	O
subdomain	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
(	O
approximately	O
16	O
degrees	O
)	O
that	O
brings	O
important	O
residues	O
into	O
position	O
for	O
catalysis	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
course	O
,	O
intensive	O
care	O
,	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
adolescent	O
twin	O
sisters	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
described	O
.	O

The	O
life	O
of	O
contemporary	O
man	B-CHED
is	O
characterized	O
,	O
among	O
others	O
,	O
by	O
a	O
huge	O
thirst	B-PROC
for	O
traveling	O
,	O
for	O
varied	O
reasons	O
,	O
consequence	O
of	O
the	O
globalization	O
process	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Current	O
challenges	O
in	O
lower	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

Its	O
R	O
value	O
(	O
the	O
average	O
number	O
of	O
secondary	O
cases	O
infected	O
by	O
a	O
primary	O
case	O
)	O
is	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
for	O
measles	B-PATH
,	O
human	B-DISO
parvovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
chickenpox	B-DISO
,	O
mumps	B-DISO
,	O
rubella	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
poliomyelitis	B-DISO
;	O
only	O
the	O
value	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
lower	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
screening	O
tool	O
that	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
screen	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
three	O
revisions	O
that	O
were	O
made	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
factors	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
these	O
revisions	O
.	O

On	O
March	O
13	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
on	O
receiving	O
notification	O
of	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
nurses	O
from	O
the	O
study	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
started	O
screening	O
patients	O
for	O
the	O
disease	O
that	O
became	O
known	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Then	O
,	O
sodium	B-CHED
dodecyl	I-CHED
sulfate	I-CHED
-	O
polyacrylamide	B-CHED
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
(	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
separate	O
the	O
complex	B-CHED
protein	I-CHED
constituents	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
strategy	O
of	O
continuous	O
slicing	O
from	O
loading	O
well	O
to	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
gels	O
was	O
utilized	O
to	O
search	O
thoroughly	O
the	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
these	O
shorter	O
isoforms	O
could	O
be	O
the	O
products	O
from	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
rather	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
.	O

However	O
,	O
administration	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
serum	B-COMP
caused	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
demyelination	B-DISO
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
persistence	O
or	O
anti	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
TMEV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
while	O
levels	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
specific	O
and	O
autoreactive	O
lymphoproliferation	O
increased	O
.	O

The	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
spaces	O
are	O
filled	O
with	O
fibrinous	O
exudates	B-ANAT
and	O
lined	O
with	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
.	O

All	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
show	O
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
scattered	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
with	O
desquamation	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	O
patients	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
and	O
verified	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
criteria	O
released	O
by	O
Chinese	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
which	O
was	O
equivalent	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
'	O
probable	O
case	O
'	O
definition	O
of	O
WHO	O
.	O

61	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
quarantinees	O
had	O
a	O
direct	O
contact	O
history	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
secondary	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
developed	O
through	O
contact	O
to	O
these	O
quarantinees	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
epidemiologic	O
features	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

Beijing	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
epidemic	O
region	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
fatality	O
was	O
the	O
lowest	O
.	O

The	O
availability	O
of	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
several	O
strains	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
provides	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
identification	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
coding	O
genes	O
and	O
defining	O
their	O
functions	O
.	O

Putative	O
functions	O
of	O
all	O
predicted	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
coding	O
genes	O
have	O
been	O
suggested	O
using	O
conserved	O
peptides	B-CHED
present	O
in	O
their	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
.	O

Detailed	O
results	O
of	O
GeneDecipher	O
analysis	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
18	O
strains	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genomes	O
are	O
available	O
at	O
http	O
://	O
www	O
.	O
igib	O
.	O
res	O
.	O
in	O
/	O
sarsanalysis	O
.	O
html	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
analysis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
genome	O
using	O
gene	O
prediction	O
method	O
GeneDecipher	O
developed	O
in	O
our	O
laboratory	O
has	O
been	O
presented	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
may	O
react	O
differently	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
analyzes	O
single	O
factors	O
that	O
affect	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
establishes	O
a	O
prognosis	O
model	O
by	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
165	O
clinically	O
confirmed	O
severe	O
cases	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
level	O
,	O
degree	O
of	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
,	O
alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
hydroxybutyric	I-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
level	O
,	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
isoenzyme	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MB	I-PRGE
,	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
and	O
number	O
of	O
involved	O
lobes	B-ANAT
noted	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
,	O
correlated	O
markedly	O
with	O
the	O
prognosis	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
257	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
788	O
;	O
P	O
<.	O
05	O
).	O

Further	O
studies	O
showed	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
this	O
cell	B-COMP
was	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
endogenous	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
which	O
was	O
activated	O
by	O
inserted	O
LTR	O
from	O
retroviral	B-SPEC
vector	O
used	O
for	O
expression	B-PROC
cloning	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
clearly	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
was	O
the	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

Intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
nurses	O
and	O
other	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
who	O
care	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
are	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
contracting	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
provides	O
critical	O
care	O
nurses	O
with	O
an	O
update	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
its	O
origin	O
,	O
case	O
definition	O
,	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
relevant	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
,	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
recommendations	O
for	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
ICU	O
nurses	O
in	O
dealing	O
with	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

This	O
has	O
implications	O
for	O
surveillance	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
planning	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
returns	O
next	O
winter	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Significant	O
changes	O
of	O
peripheral	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
recovering	O
patients	O
,	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
dramatic	O
restoration	O
of	O
peripheral	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
was	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
periphery	O
.	O

BAL	B-ENZY
was	O
performed	O
within	O
12	O
h	O
and	O
24	O
h	O
after	O
onset	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

A	O
straightforward	O
protocol	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
splenocyte	B-ANAT
preparations	O
served	O
both	O
as	O
APCs	B-DISO
and	O
effector	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
,	O
consistently	O
yielded	O
best	O
results	O
.	O

This	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
encoded	O
by	O
ORF1a	O
,	O
has	O
no	O
designated	O
function	O
but	O
is	O
most	O
likely	O
involved	O
with	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
how	O
the	O
frontline	O
community	O
doctors	O
respond	O
to	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
known	O
.	O

To	O
explore	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
on	O
general	O
practitioners	O
(	O
GPs	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
practice	O
of	O
GPs	B-DISO
changed	O
significantly	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Exposure	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
rates	O
in	O
their	O
working	O
district	O
,	O
and	O
anxiety	O
levels	O
had	O
significant	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
protection	O
or	O
prescribing	O
behaviour	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
has	O
been	O
dramatic	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
geographical	O
proximity	O
with	O
Guangdong	O
province	O
,	O
China	O
where	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
reported	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
,	O
sometimes	O
fatal	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
requiring	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Secondary	O
structure	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
proximal	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
equine	B-SPEC
arteritis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
RNA	O
genome	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mRNAs	O
contain	O
a	O
common	O
5	O
'	O
leader	O
sequence	O
,	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
genomic	O
5	O
'	O
end	O
.	O

To	O
identify	O
RNA	O
structures	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
proximal	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
equine	B-SPEC
arteritis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
genome	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
subgenomic	O
mRNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
a	O
detailed	O
secondary	O
RNA	O
structure	O
model	O
was	O
established	O
using	O
bioinformatics	O
,	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
RNA	O
structure	O
probing	O
.	O

The	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
LTH	O
was	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
study	O
using	O
an	O
EAV	B-SPEC
molecular	O
clone	O
.	O

Sequencing	O
analysis	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
desired	O
DNA	O
sequence	O
in	O
recombinant	O
plasmid	O
was	O
correct	O
and	O
had	O
the	O
same	O
sequence	O
of	O
natural	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
S1	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
protein	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
S1	O
subunit	O
displays	O
specific	O
reaction	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
may	O
provide	O
a	O
good	O
tool	O
for	O
further	O
research	O
of	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
S1	O
subunit	O
displays	O
specific	O
reaction	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
may	O
provide	O
a	O
good	O
tool	O
for	O
further	O
research	O
of	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
have	O
employed	O
molecular	O
docking	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
chemical	O
database	O
into	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
of	O
3CLpro	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
non	O
-	O
peptidyl	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Unexpectedly	O
,	O
genes	O
other	O
than	O
S	O
appeared	O
to	O
modulate	O
events	O
critical	O
to	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
survival	O
.	O

The	O
current	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
North	O
American	O
health	O
care	O
centers	O
,	O
has	O
motivated	O
a	O
re	O
-	O
evaluation	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
and	O
clinic	O
environment	O
.	O

Here	O
it	O
is	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
concurrent	O
with	O
emergence	O
of	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
malaria	B-PATH
(	O
presumably	O
with	O
enhanced	O
anti	O
-	O
apoptotic	O
capabilities	O
),	O
other	O
intracellular	O
parasites	O
have	O
evolved	O
to	O
enhance	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
prevent	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Two	O
examples	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
that	O
have	O
emerged	O
from	O
areas	O
of	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
malaria	B-PATH
are	O
AIDS	O
from	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
an	O
antisense	O
drug	O
targeting	B-PROC
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
G3139	O
/	O
Genasense	O
(	O
TM	O
),	O
Genta	O
,	O
Inc	O
.)	O
is	O
in	O
late	O
-	O
stage	O
cancer	B-DISO
trials	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
those	O
indications	O
in	O
months	O
.	O

This	O
approach	O
to	O
prevent	O
or	O
eliminate	O
active	O
infections	B-DISO
might	O
be	O
particularly	O
attractive	O
against	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
parasites	O
(	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
protozoa	O
,	O
fungus	B-SPEC
)	O
when	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
are	O
not	O
available	O
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
of	O
10	O
to	O
15	O
%;	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
underlying	O
disease	O
,	O
high	O
initial	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
,	O
and	O
positive	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
samples	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
disappearance	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
worldwide	O
,	O
the	O
potential	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
suggests	O
the	O
disease	O
may	O
re	O
-	O
emerge	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

Further	O
ongoing	O
requirements	O
for	O
successful	O
management	O
include	O
research	O
on	O
the	O
immunopathogenesis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
timely	O
and	O
reliable	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
,	O
effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
immunomodulatory	O
agents	O
,	O
and	O
vaccines	O
for	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
eight	O
cases	O
were	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
;	O
two	O
were	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
and	O
one	O
was	O
a	O
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
and	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
both	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
and	O
hepatomegaly	B-DISO
have	O
significantly	O
higher	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
major	O
complications	O
include	O
acute	O
renal	B-ANAT
failure	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
and	O
disseminated	O
intravascular	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
,	O
haemolytic	B-DISO
anaemia	I-DISO
and	O
liver	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

Higher	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
documented	O
if	O
the	O
antimalarial	B-CHED
medication	O
was	O
not	O
commenced	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
admission	O
into	O
hospital	O
.	O

The	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
were	O
compared	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
illness	O
,	O
time	O
of	O
using	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
and	O
absorption	O
time	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
lesion	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O

As	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
western	O
treatment	O
,	O
ICWM	O
treatment	O
could	O
evidently	O
shorten	O
the	O
course	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
,	O
prevent	O
the	O
rebounding	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
reduce	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
using	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Patients	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
mainly	O
youth	O
and	O
adults	O
in	O
the	O
prime	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
fever	B-PROC
always	O
appears	O
as	O
the	O
initiation	O
of	O
illness	O
and	O
some	O
accompanying	O
symptoms	O
would	O
appear	O
.	O

In	O
agreement	O
with	O
our	O
previous	O
results	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
different	O
clonotypes	O
responding	O
to	O
all	O
three	O
epitopes	O
fit	B-DISO
a	O
log	O
-	O
series	O
distribution	O
.	O

HPS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
transmission	O
of	O
Sin	B-PRGE
Nombre	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
(	O
SNV	O
)	O
from	O
chronically	O
infected	O
deer	B-SPEC
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
this	O
fulminant	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
lung	B-ANAT
capillary	B-ANAT
leakage	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
the	O
immunopathologic	O
basis	O
of	O
other	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
human	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
ventilator	O
should	O
be	O
limited	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
aspiratory	O
pressure	O
,	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
levels	O
of	O
expiratory	B-PROC
end	O
expiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
primary	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
discovered	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Replication	O
of	O
this	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SCV	B-SPEC
)	O
occurs	O
mainly	O
in	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
causes	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
.	O

Lack	O
of	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
has	O
prevented	O
the	O
rational	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
therapy	O
against	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

Recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
was	O
safe	O
and	O
useful	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
Cs	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
ventilated	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
strategy	O
.	O

Obstructive	O
mucus	B-DISO
plugging	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
may	O
underlie	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Individual	O
mutation	O
and	O
other	O
combinations	O
of	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
only	O
interfere	O
with	O
virulence	B-PROC
and	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
and	O
only	O
reduce	O
demyelination	O
(	O
I375M	O
),	O
but	O
do	O
not	O
abolish	O
demyelination	B-DISO
completely	O
.	O

The	O
antiviral	B-CHED
mechanism	O
of	O
GA	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
Hsp90	B-PRGE
inactivation	B-DISO
and	O
cell	B-PATH
cycle	I-PATH
restoration	O
,	O
which	O
indicates	O
that	O
GA	O
exhibits	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

Since	O
GA	O
inhibits	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
through	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
mechanism	O
unique	O
among	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
agents	O
,	O
we	O
consider	O
it	O
a	O
new	O
candidate	O
agent	O
for	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
.	O

Mapping	O
of	O
the	O
80R	O
epitope	B-CHED
showed	O
it	O
is	O
located	O
within	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
261	O
-	O
672	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
is	O
not	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
-	O
dependent	O
.	O

80R	O
scFv	O
competed	O
with	O
soluble	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
for	O
association	O
with	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
and	O
bound	O
S1	O
with	O
high	O
affinity	O
(	O
equilibrium	O
dissociation	B-DISO
constant	O
,	O
Kd	O
=	O
32	O
.	O
3	O
nM	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
vitro	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
demonstrated	O
for	O
lopinavir	O
and	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
at	O
concentrations	O
of	O
4	O
micro	O
g	O
/	O
ml	O
and	O
50	O
micro	O
g	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
only	O
at	O
48	O
hours	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Characterization	O
of	O
peripheral	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
subsets	O
and	O
its	O
implication	O
in	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
].	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
results	O
showed	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
had	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
of	O
circulating	O
DC	O
cell	B-COMP
subset	O
frequency	O
,	O
which	O
maybe	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
response	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmission	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
during	O
intubation	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

This	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
emergent	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
dominated	O
by	O
severe	O
lower	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
and	O
is	O
aetiologically	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

The	O
pathological	O
features	O
were	O
dominated	O
by	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
multinucleated	O
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Positive	O
viral	O
culture	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
most	O
premortem	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
specimens	O
(	O
five	O
of	O
six	O
)	O
and	O
postmortem	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
(	O
two	O
of	O
seven	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Requirements	O
for	O
CEACAMs	O
and	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
during	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previous	O
reports	O
have	O
documented	O
that	O
cholesterol	O
supplementations	O
increase	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
and	O
also	O
intensify	O
in	O
vivo	O
pathogenicities	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
enveloped	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
).	O

These	O
various	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
levels	O
had	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
viral	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
cellular	B-COMP
carcinoembryonic	O
antigen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
CEACAM	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
,	O
rather	O
they	O
correlated	O
directly	O
with	O
S	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
mediated	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
activities	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
CEACAMs	O
were	O
solubilized	O
by	O
cold	B-DISO
Triton	B-CHED
X	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
100	I-CHED
(	O
TX	O
-	O
100	O
),	O
indicating	O
their	O
absence	O
from	O
lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
.	O

These	O
findings	O
argued	O
against	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
CEACAM	O
localizations	O
into	O
membrane	B-COMP
microdomains	O
for	O
MHV	B-SPEC
entry	O
,	O
instead	O
suggesting	O
that	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
had	O
a	O
more	O
direct	O
role	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
is	O
an	O
essential	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
cofactor	B-CHED
that	O
can	O
act	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
CEACAMs	O
to	O
promote	O
MHV	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-SPEC
salmon	I-SPEC
anemia	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
ISAV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
farmed	O
Atlantic	B-SPEC
salmon	I-SPEC
.	O

After	O
the	O
4th	O
week	O
,	O
12	O
(	O
55	O
%)	O
of	O
22	O
patients	O
had	O
irregular	O
linear	O
opacities	B-DISO
with	O
or	O
without	O
associated	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
and	O
CT	O
scores	O
greater	O
than	O
5	O
;	O
five	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
had	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
dilatation	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
temporal	O
pattern	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
abnormalities	O
at	O
thin	O
-	O
section	O
CT	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Severe	O
complications	O
occurred	O
in	O
17	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
standard	O
treatment	O
group	O
,	O
vs	O
4	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
noninvasive	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
).	O

Early	O
48	O
-	O
h	O
mortality	O
was	O
7	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
noninvasive	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
group	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
24	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
standard	O
treatment	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
017	O
);	O
however	O
,	O
no	O
sustained	O
benefits	O
were	O
observed	O
during	O
the	O
overall	O
hospital	O
stay	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Noninvasive	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
promotes	O
early	O
clinical	O
improvement	O
in	O
elderly	O
patients	O
attending	O
emergency	B-DISO
departments	O
for	O
a	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
only	O
reduces	O
early	O
48	O
-	O
h	O
mortality	O
.	O

In	O
specialized	O
centers	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
imminent	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
despite	O
intensive	O
conventional	O
therapy	O
,	O
are	O
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
using	O
blood	B-ANAT
pumps	O
and	O
artificial	O
membrane	B-COMP
lungs	B-ANAT
(	O
oxygenators	O
)	O
for	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fifteen	O
isolates	O
of	O
Infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
cecal	B-ANAT
tonsil	I-ANAT
of	O
IB	O
suspected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
between	O
2001	O
and	O
2002	O
years	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

The	O
S1	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
gene	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
amplified	O
by	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
analyzed	O
by	O
restriction	O
fragment	O
length	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
(	O
RFLP	O
)	O
analysis	O
.	O

Ten	O
of	O
15	O
isolates	O
generated	O
unique	O
KM91	O
RFLP	O
pattern	O
that	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
KM	O
91	O
strain	O
previously	O
isolated	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

To	O
confirm	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
in	O
the	O
S1	O
genes	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
,	O
viral	O
RNAs	O
of	O
representative	O
9	O
of	O
15	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
amplified	O
,	O
cloned	O
,	O
sequenced	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
published	O
sequences	O
for	O
non	O
-	O
Korean	O
IBV	O
strains	O
.	O

A	O
combination	O
treatment	O
of	O
steroids	B-CHED
and	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
was	O
widely	O
used	O
empirically	O
from	O
the	O
outset	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

In	O
general	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
steroids	B-CHED
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
seemed	O
beneficial	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
optimal	O
timing	O
,	O
dosage	O
,	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
treatment	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
determined	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
prognostic	O
role	O
of	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
on	O
admission	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
were	O
studied	O
in	O
166	O
previously	O
healthy	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
retrospective	O
study	O
on	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
and	O
treatment	O
methods	O
for	O
77	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
nine	O
(	O
37	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
77	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
demonstrated	O
an	O
extensive	O
lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

The	O
role	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
played	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
discussed	O
.	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
identified	O
4	O
factors	O
as	O
being	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
levels	O
of	O
concern	O
for	O
personal	O
or	O
family	B-SPEC
health	O
:	O
perception	O
of	O
a	O
greater	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
adjusted	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
]	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
6	O
),	O
living	O
with	O
children	O
(	O
adjusted	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
),	O
personal	O
or	O
family	B-SPEC
lifestyle	O
affected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
(	O
adjusted	O
OR	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
and	O
being	O
treated	O
differently	O
by	O
people	O
because	O
of	O
working	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
(	O
adjusted	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
).	O

Four	O
factors	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
being	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
emotional	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
:	O
being	O
a	O
nurse	O
(	O
adjusted	O
OR	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
),	O
part	O
-	O
time	O
employment	O
status	O
(	O
adjusted	O
OR	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
4	O
),	O
lifestyle	O
affected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
(	O
adjusted	O
OR	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
and	O
ability	O
to	O
do	O
one	O
'	O
s	O
job	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
precautionary	O
measures	O
(	O
adjusted	O
OR	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
6	O
).	O

Repeated	O
bacteriological	O
testing	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
remained	O
negative	O
.	O

Its	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

The	O
Agency	O
for	O
Cooperation	O
in	O
International	O
Health	O
,	O
a	O
Japanese	O
non	O
-	O
governmental	O
organisation	B-PROC
,	O
has	O
developed	O
on	O
a	O
voluntary	O
basis	O
a	O
sentinel	O
surveillance	O
system	O
for	O
selected	O
target	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
covering	O
South	O
America	O
,	O
Africa	O
,	O
and	O
Asia	O
.	O

After	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
an	O
index	O
patient	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
in	O
February	O
2003	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
occurred	O
rapidly	O
in	O
hospitals	O
and	O
spread	O
to	O
the	O
community	O
.	O

Between	O
13	O
March	O
and	O
23	O
June	O
,	O
38	O
patients	O
with	O
probable	O
and	O
suspected	O
SARS	O
,	O
90	O
patients	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
510	O
patients	O
without	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
admitted	O
into	O
our	O
unit	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
nosocomial	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
to	O
other	O
patients	O
or	O
visitors	O
during	O
this	O
period	O
.	O

The	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
this	O
patient	O
should	O
encourage	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
prone	O
ventilation	O
in	O
other	O
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
haemorrhage	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dispersal	O
of	O
respiratory	O
droplets	O
with	O
open	O
vs	O
closed	O
oxygen	B-CHED
delivery	O
masks	O
:	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp9	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
displaying	O
a	O
previously	O
unreported	O
,	O
oligosaccharide	B-CHED
/	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
fold	O
-	O
like	O
fold	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
acute	O
wheezing	B-DISO
among	O
children	O
in	O
subtropical	O
areas	O
are	O
largely	O
unknown	O
.	O

In	O
children	O
under	O
2	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
infection	O
with	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
family	B-SPEC
history	O
of	O
allergy	B-DISO
were	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
wheezing	B-DISO
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
15	O
.	O
5	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
0001	O
and	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
008	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
children	O
under	O
2	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
family	B-SPEC
history	O
of	O
allergy	B-DISO
were	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
wheezing	B-DISO
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
15	O
.	O
5	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
0001	O
and	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
008	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
complained	O
of	O
recurrent	O
unexplained	O
""""	O
fevers	O
""""	O
during	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chickenpox	B-DISO
(	O
varicella	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
adults	O
can	O
be	O
severe	O
with	O
increased	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
worldwide	O
epidemic	O
of	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Disease	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
over	O
800	O
deaths	B-PROC
and	O
had	O
a	O
major	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
health	O
services	O
in	O
affected	O
communities	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
resulted	O
in	O
reductions	O
of	O
52	O
%	O
for	O
new	O
outpatient	O
attendances	O
,	O
59	O
%	O
for	O
review	O
attendances	O
,	O
51	O
%	O
for	O
admissions	O
,	O
32	O
%	O
for	O
surgical	O
procedures	O
and	O
48	O
%	O
for	O
colonoscopies	O
.	O

Numbers	O
of	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
2	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
secreting	B-PROC
cells	B-COMP
induced	O
by	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
activators	O
were	O
below	O
normal	O
in	O
many	O
or	O
most	O
patients	O
before	O
and	O
during	O
treatment	O
with	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
and	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
but	O
returned	O
essentially	O
to	O
normal	O
after	O
completion	O
of	O
treatment	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
conditions	O
that	O
result	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
efficient	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
in	O
its	O
incorporation	O
into	O
lentiviral	O
particles	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
transduce	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
an	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
caused	O
by	O
many	O
pathologic	O
states	O
.	O

We	O
treated	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
splenic	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
diagnosed	O
her	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
administration	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
was	O
started	O
according	O
to	O
Meduri	O
'	O
s	O
report	O
.	O

Hypoxia	B-DISO
was	O
improved	O
gradually	O
and	O
on	O
ICU	O
day	O
7	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
extubated	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
opened	O
doors	O
for	O
HIV	B-DISO
prevention	O
.	O

Outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Dongcheng	O
District	O
started	O
on	O
March	O
14	O
,	O
2003	O
with	O
a	O
peak	O
in	O
mid	O
-	O
and	O
late	O
April	O
,	O
and	O
dropped	O
in	O
early	O
May	O
.	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
572	O
reported	O
cases	O
were	O
collected	O
during	O
this	O
period	O
in	O
Dongcheng	O
District	O
,	O
Beijing	O
,	O
and	O
99	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
excluded	O
from	O
SARS	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
,	O
regular	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
measles	B-PATH
and	O
rubella	B-DISO
,	O
etc	O
.	O

Eighteen	O
of	O
85	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
HCWs	O
of	O
local	O
hospitals	O
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
HCWs	O
working	O
at	O
wards	O
caring	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
or	O
fever	B-PROC
clinics	O
.	O

And	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
attack	O
rate	O
)	O
of	O
those	O
exposed	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
illness	O
during	O
the	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
quarantine	O
.	O

The	O
crosscutting	O
concepts	O
of	O
'	O
clinical	O
uncertainty	O
'	O
and	O
'	O
flow	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
contacts	O
'	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
explain	O
disease	O
transmission	O
characteristics	O
and	O
urban	O
spatial	O
diffusion	O
and	O
to	O
guide	O
the	O
particular	O
strategies	O
developed	O
.	O

The	O
same	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
also	O
applied	O
to	O
a	O
newly	O
developed	O
platform	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
15	O
-	O
min	O
rapid	O
test	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
[	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
])	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
truncated	O
195	O
-	O
amino	O
-	O
acid	O
fragment	O
from	O
the	O
C	O
terminus	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N195	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
that	O
had	O
a	O
strong	O
ability	O
to	O
detect	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
experience	O
and	O
information	O
,	O
to	O
select	O
several	O
perspective	O
candidates	O
from	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
effective	O
TCM	O
prescriptions	O
and	O
drugs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Screening	O
of	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
remedies	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
treatment	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
ICWM	O
showed	O
better	O
effect	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
western	O
medicine	B-CHED
alone	O
in	O
improving	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
,	O
promoting	O
the	O
absorption	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
increased	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
and	O
decreased	O
the	O
dosage	O
of	O
corticoid	O
used	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
causal	O
agent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
panel	O
of	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
derived	O
peptides	B-CHED
was	O
tested	O
for	O
their	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinity	O
to	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
0201	I-PRGE
molecules	O
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
derived	I-PRGE
peptide	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
SSp	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
RLNEVAKNL	I-PRGE
),	O
induced	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
CTLs	O
both	O
in	O
vivo	O
(	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
(	O
human	B-SPEC
PBLs	O
),	O
which	O
specifically	O
released	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
)	O
upon	O
stimulation	O
with	O
SSp	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	O
pulsed	O
autologous	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
DCs	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
T2	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Viral	O
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
were	O
detected	O
in	O
bronchiolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
during	O
peak	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
developed	O
a	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
were	O
protected	O
from	O
reinfection	O
28	O
days	O
following	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

CDC	O
recommends	O
that	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
PICUs	B-SPEC
)	O
report	O
cases	O
that	O
meet	O
the	O
CDC	O
case	O
definition	O
to	O
state	O
health	O
departments	O
.	O

If	O
these	O
reviews	O
establish	O
that	O
AIPH	O
among	O
infants	O
is	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
problem	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
its	O
magnitude	O
or	O
geographic	O
or	O
temporal	O
distribution	O
,	O
targeted	B-PROC
case	O
surveillance	O
will	O
be	O
initiated	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Overview	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Asia	O
and	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
has	O
probably	O
jumped	O
from	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Within	O
the	O
first	O
10	O
days	O
the	O
histological	O
picture	O
is	O
that	O
of	O
acute	O
phase	O
diffuse	O
alveolar	O
damage	O
(	O
DAD	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
mixture	B-CHED
of	O
inflammatory	O
infiltrate	B-DISO
,	O
oedema	B-DISO
and	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
progress	O
rapidly	O
to	O
focal	O
,	O
multifocal	O
or	O
diffuse	O
consolidation	O
.	O

Unilateral	O
involvement	O
is	O
common	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
acute	O
phase	O
,	O
becoming	O
bilateral	O
at	O
maximal	O
lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

Less	O
common	O
symptoms	O
include	O
sputum	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
,	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
,	O
coryza	B-DISO
,	O
dizziness	B-DISO
,	O
nausea	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
vomiting	I-DISO
and	I-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pharmacotherapy	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	O
)	O
is	O
controversial	O
and	O
largely	O
anecdotal	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
spectrum	O
of	O
severity	O
and	O
rate	O
of	O
progression	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
stages	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
inflammatory	O
pneumonitis	B-DISO
and	O
residual	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
are	O
clinically	O
non	O
-	O
distinct	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
fail	O
to	O
tolerate	O
NIV	O
or	O
fail	O
NIV	O
with	O
progressive	O
dyspnoea	B-DISO
,	O
tachypnoea	B-DISO
and	O
hypoxaemia	O
should	O
be	O
intubated	O
and	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
small	O
series	O
of	O
subjects	O
who	O
underwent	O
CT	O
scan	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
,	O
over	O
half	O
showed	O
some	O
patchy	O
changes	O
consistent	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

Psychobehavioural	O
problems	O
of	O
anxiety	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
depression	B-DISO
were	O
not	O
uncommon	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
recovery	O
phase	O
,	O
and	O
improved	O
over	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

Independent	O
of	O
virulence	B-PROC
variations	O
they	O
are	O
separated	O
into	O
two	O
different	O
types	O
,	O
type	O
I	O
,	O
the	O
original	O
FCoV	O
,	O
and	O
type	O
II	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CCV	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
1	O
.	O
78	O
kb	O
sequence	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
E	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
5a	O
and	O
5b	O
genes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
intergenic	O
region	O
between	O
the	O
M	O
and	O
5a	O
genes	O
,	O
of	O
six	O
US	O
strains	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
corona	B-CHED
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
sequenced	O
and	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
published	O
sequences	O
for	O
two	O
additional	O
strains	O
.	O

Nucleotide	B-CHED
sequencing	O
of	O
recent	O
field	O
isolates	O
from	O
Alabama	B-SPEC
(	O
Ala1	O
)	O
and	O
California	B-SPEC
(	O
Cal3	O
)	O
revealed	O
distinct	O
shifts	O
in	O
homology	O
in	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
indicating	O
two	O
apparent	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
between	O
the	O
Holland	O
52	O
/	O
Mass41	O
-	O
like	O
strain	O
and	O
an	O
Ark	B-PRGE
-	O
like	O
strain	O
,	O
both	O
origins	O
of	O
commonly	O
used	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
.	O

Four	O
canine	O
sera	B-COMP
-	O
positive	O
for	O
CCoV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
,	O
four	O
sera	B-COMP
-	O
positive	O
for	O
CCoV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	O
10	O
negative	O
control	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
examined	O
.	O

By	O
using	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
two	O
-	O
hybrid	O
system	O
and	O
sucrose	B-CHED
gradient	O
fractionations	O
,	O
a	O
homotypic	O
interaction	O
of	O
N	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
M	O
,	O
was	O
detected	O
by	O
the	O
two	O
-	O
hybrid	O
analysis	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
many	O
challenges	O
in	O
preventing	O
and	O
managing	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
elderly	O
.	O

Using	O
barrier	O
precautions	O
,	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
be	O
prevented	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
neuraminidase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
can	O
only	O
be	O
applied	O
in	O
specific	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
spectrum	O
of	O
agents	O
with	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
is	O
broad	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neutrophil	B-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
lung	O
injury	O
is	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
multiple	O
injuries	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
shown	O
previously	O
that	O
fracture	O
hematoma	B-DISO
can	O
activate	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
is	O
thus	O
a	O
putative	O
mediator	O
of	O
the	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
),	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
MOF	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
those	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
skeletal	B-ANAT
trauma	O
.	O

The	O
rats	B-SPEC
were	O
killed	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
injury	O
and	O
some	O
parameters	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
were	O
evaluated	O
--	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
),	O
lung	B-PRGE
tissue	I-PRGE
myeloperoxidase	B-ENZY
levels	O
(	O
MPO	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
wet	O
/	O
dry	O
ratios	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
effect	O
was	O
attenuated	O
by	O
treatment	O
with	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylcysteine	I-CHED
(	O
MPO	B-FUNC
43	O
-	O
9	O
microg	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
BAL	B-ENZY
protein	B-CHED
605	O
-	O
198	O
microg	O
/	O
mL	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
induces	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
neutralization	O
and	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
encoding	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
induces	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
,	O
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

Yes	O
,	O
steroids	B-CHED
are	O
a	O
key	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
treatment	O
regimen	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
also	O
developed	O
subclinical	O
intestinal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
only	O
transmitted	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
two	O
weeks	O
.	O

Viral	O
RNA	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
feces	B-ANAT
of	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
almost	O
always	O
infectious	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
propose	O
a	O
mathematical	O
model	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
rate	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
and	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
common	O
ancestor	O
of	O
the	O
sequenced	O
SARS	B-DISO
strains	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
changes	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
T	O
helper	O
(	O
Th	O
)	O
cell	B-COMP
cytokines	O
,	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
in	O
20	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
chemokine	O
profile	O
demonstrated	O
significant	O
elevation	O
of	O
neutrophil	B-PRGE
chemokine	I-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	I-PRGE
monocyte	B-ANAT
chemoattractant	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
),	O
and	O
Th1	B-PRGE
chemokine	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	O
inducible	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
10	O
(	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
).	O

Attempts	O
at	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
were	O
unsuccessful	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
by	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
of	O
both	O
species	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
after	O
inoculation	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
organs	B-ANAT
at	O
2	O
weeks	O
after	O
inoculation	O
.	O

Of	O
1	O
,	O
460	O
unexplained	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
reported	O
by	O
state	O
and	O
local	O
health	O
departments	O
to	O
the	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
from	O
March	O
17	O
to	O
July	O
30	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
398	O
(	O
27	O
%)	O
met	B-CHED
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiologic	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
criteria	O
.	O

Successes	O
and	O
limitations	O
of	O
this	O
emergency	B-DISO
surveillance	O
can	O
guide	O
preparations	O
for	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	O
unknown	O
etiology	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

This	O
investigation	O
documents	O
that	O
,	O
under	O
certain	O
circumstances	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
not	O
readily	O
transmitted	B-DISO
to	O
close	O
contacts	O
,	O
despite	O
ample	O
unprotected	O
exposures	O
.	O

Possible	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
occurred	O
in	O
one	O
household	O
contact	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
person	O
had	O
also	O
traveled	O
to	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
affected	O
area	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lack	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
transmission	O
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
an	O
investigation	O
of	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
exposed	O
to	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
to	O
evaluate	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
control	O
practices	O
and	O
possible	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
transmission	O
.	O

A	O
sensitive	O
dot	O
blot	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
,	O
complemented	O
by	O
a	O
specific	O
neutralization	O
test	O
,	O
shows	O
that	O
only	O
persons	O
in	O
whom	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
had	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
suggests	O
that	O
subclinical	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
an	O
important	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Superspreading	O
events	O
were	O
pivotal	O
in	O
the	O
global	O
spread	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Superspreading	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
older	O
age	O
(	O
mean	O
56	O
vs	O
.	O
44	O
years	O
),	O
case	O
fatality	O
(	O
75	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
16	O
%,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
,	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
exact	O
test	O
),	O
number	O
of	O
close	O
contacts	O
(	O
36	O
vs	O
.	O
0	O
.	O
37	O
)	O
and	O
attack	O
rate	O
among	O
close	O
contacts	O
(	O
43	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
18	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
025	O
).	O

SARS	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
even	O
if	O
a	O
contact	O
history	O
is	O
unavailable	O
,	O
during	O
an	O
ongoing	O
outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Vietnam	O
was	O
amplified	O
by	O
nosocomial	O
spread	O
within	O
hospital	O
A	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
transmission	O
was	O
reported	O
in	O
hospital	O
B	O
,	O
the	O
second	O
of	O
two	O
designated	O
SARS	B-DISO
hospitals	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
of	O
72	O
hospital	O
workers	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
144	O
matched	O
controls	O
.	O

The	O
likelihood	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
was	O
strongly	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
personal	O
protection	O
equipment	O
perceived	O
to	O
be	O
inadequate	O
,	O
having	O
<	O
2	O
hours	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
training	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
understanding	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
procedures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Possible	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
during	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
a	O
possible	O
cluster	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
who	O
used	O
contact	O
and	O
droplet	O
precautions	O
during	O
attempted	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
before	O
intubation	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
ventilated	O
with	O
a	O
bag	O
-	O
valve	B-ANAT
-	O
mask	O
that	O
may	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
aerosolization	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
investigation	O
and	O
previous	O
reports	O
of	O
SARS	O
transmission	O
during	O
aerosol	O
-	O
generating	O
procedures	O
,	O
a	O
systematic	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
problem	O
is	O
outlined	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
administrative	O
controls	O
,	O
2	O
)	O
environmental	O
engineering	O
controls	O
,	O
3	O
)	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
)	O
quality	O
control	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
for	O
detecting	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Beijing	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
neutralization	O
test	O
as	O
a	O
reference	O
method	O
,	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
specificity	O
,	O
positive	O
predictive	O
value	O
,	O
and	O
negative	O
predictive	O
value	O
were	O
98	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
98	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
98	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
and	O
98	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
for	O
ELISA	O
;	O
99	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
87	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
88	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
and	O
99	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
for	O
IFA	O
;	O
33	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
98	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
95	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
and	O
56	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
for	O
ICT	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
1a	I-PRGE
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
resulted	O
in	O
distinct	O
ultrastructural	O
features	O
:	O
double	O
-	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
,	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
inclusions	O
,	O
and	O
large	O
granular	B-ANAT
areas	O
of	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
three	O
structures	O
and	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
particles	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
positive	O
for	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
RNA	O
by	O
using	O
ultrastructural	O
immunogold	O
and	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
assays	O
.	O

Clinical	O
features	O
alone	O
cannot	O
with	O
certainty	O
distinguish	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
other	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
rapidly	O
enough	O
to	O
inform	O
early	O
management	O
decisions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
description	O
of	O
a	O
completed	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Vietnam	O
,	O
February	O
-	O
May	O
2003	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Index	O
patient	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
by	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
developed	O
in	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
who	O
had	O
contact	O
with	O
this	O
patient	O
.	O

All	O
positive	O
samples	O
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
two	O
separate	O
western	O
-	O
blot	O
assays	O
(	O
with	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
polypeptide	I-PRGE
).	O

ELISA	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
.	O

T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
were	O
quantified	O
by	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
.	O

Of	O
36	O
patients	O
with	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
30	O
(	O
83	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
;	O
in	O
contrast	O
,	O
only	O
3	O
of	O
48	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
0	O
of	O
112	O
patients	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
but	O
without	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
0	O
of	O
96	O
healthy	O
control	O
individuals	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
it	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
36	O
patients	O
with	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
30	O
(	O
83	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
;	O
in	O
contrast	O
,	O
only	O
3	O
of	O
48	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
0	O
of	O
112	O
patients	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
but	O
without	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
0	O
of	O
96	O
healthy	O
control	O
individuals	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
it	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
showed	O
an	O
in	O
vitro	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
starting	O
at	O
concentrations	O
of	O
1000	O
IU	O
/	O
mL	O
.	O
In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
alone	O
is	O
unlikely	O
to	O
be	O
beneficial	O
in	O
the	O
prophylaxis	O
or	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
human	B-SPEC
genome	O
and	O
other	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
projects	O
have	O
generated	O
huge	O
amounts	O
of	O
protein	O
sequence	O
information	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
a	O
structural	O
genomics	O
project	O
that	O
aims	O
to	O
determine	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
representative	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
structure	O
from	O
every	O
protein	B-CHED
family	B-SPEC
experimentally	O
has	O
been	O
started	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antibody	B-FUNC
targeting	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
CC	O
chemokine	O
ligand	B-PROC
5	O
results	O
in	O
diminished	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
central	O
nervous	O
system	O
and	O
reduced	O
neurologic	O
disease	O
in	O
a	O
viral	O
model	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Three	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
exist	O
:	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
229E	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
),	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
fourth	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
using	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
discovery	O
.	O

The	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
contains	O
distinctive	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
unique	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
fragment	O
within	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
,	O
even	O
at	O
a	O
relatively	O
low	O
level	O
of	O
spread	O
among	O
the	O
population	O
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
had	O
a	O
significant	O
psychological	B-DISO
and	O
economic	O
impact	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
observed	O
that	O
0	O
of	O
19	O
patients	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
those	O
with	O
acquired	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
AIDS	O
),	O
who	O
were	O
hospitalized	O
together	O
and	O
who	O
had	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
95	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
hospital	O
floor	O
contracted	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
6	O
of	O
28	O
medical	O
workers	O
who	O
served	O
on	O
this	O
floor	O
contracted	O
SARS	B-DISO
while	O
caring	O
for	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
--	O
beginning	O
to	O
understand	O
a	O
new	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Studying	O
the	O
global	O
distribution	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
using	O
GIS	O
and	O
RS	O
.	O

The	O
left	B-ANAT
lungs	I-ANAT
of	O
male	O
Wistar	B-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
were	O
rendered	O
ischemic	O
for	O
90	O
min	O
and	O
then	O
reperfused	O
for	O
2	O
h	O
.	O
Treated	O
animals	O
received	O
pioglitazone	B-CHED
(	O
10	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
2	O
h	O
before	O
induction	O
of	O
ischemia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
lead	O
to	O
several	O
findings	O
;	O
1	O
)	O
although	O
two	O
dissected	O
parts	O
folded	O
into	O
the	O
native	O
-	O
like	O
structures	O
,	O
the	O
chymotrypsin	B-PRGE
fold	O
only	O
had	O
weak	O
activity	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
entire	O
enzyme	O
,	O
and	O
2	O
)	O
although	O
the	O
chymotrypsin	B-PRGE
fold	O
remained	O
a	O
monomer	O
within	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
concentrations	O
,	O
the	O
extra	O
domain	O
existed	O
as	O
a	O
stable	O
dimer	O
even	O
at	O
a	O
very	O
low	O
concentration	O
.	O

This	O
observation	O
strongly	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
extra	O
domain	O
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
dimerization	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
,	O
thus	O
,	O
switching	O
the	O
enzyme	O
from	O
the	O
inactive	O
form	O
(	O
monomer	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
active	O
form	O
(	O
dimer	O
).	O

The	O
frequency	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
placental	B-DISO
abruption	I-DISO
,	O
postpartum	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
aspiration	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
was	O
not	O
significantly	O
different	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

All	O
six	O
maternal	B-PROC
deaths	I-PROC
during	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
occurred	O
in	O
eclamptic	O
cases	O
(	O
mortality	O
rate	O
18	O
%),	O
four	O
relating	O
to	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
not	O
received	O
prenatal	O
care	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
secretory	B-PROC
phospholipase	B-PRGE
A2	I-PRGE
in	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
synonymous	O
codon	O
usage	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Nidovirales	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
source	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
husband	O
of	O
a	O
tumor	B-DISO
patient	O
who	O
received	O
chemotherapy	O
in	O
the	O
Department	O
of	O
Oncology	O
,	O
during	O
which	O
they	O
maintained	O
intimate	O
contact	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
weeks	O
when	O
the	O
husband	O
had	O
typical	O
symptoms	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
may	O
have	O
no	O
or	O
very	O
limited	O
infectivity	O
during	O
the	O
latent	O
period	O
.	O

All	O
11	O
patients	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
WHO	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
for	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Special	O
attention	O
must	O
be	O
paid	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
cancer	O
who	O
have	O
symptoms	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
seen	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Increase	O
personnel	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
department	O
at	O
the	O
N	O
'	O
Djaména	O
General	O
Hospital	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
scientific	O
and	O
anecdotal	O
evidence	O
for	O
drug	O
treatment	O
.	O

A	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
detection	O
kit	B-FUNC
developed	O
by	O
C	O
.	O
Drosten	O
(	O
Bernhard	O
Nocht	O
Institute	O
,	O
BNI	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
amplify	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
sequences	O
from	O
blood	B-ANAT
donor	B-CHED
samples	O
.	O

We	O
tested	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
against	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
two	O
sets	O
of	O
peptides	B-CHED
corresponding	O
to	O
sequences	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
regions	O
and	O
investigated	O
the	O
interactions	O
between	O
the	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
peptides	B-CHED
by	O
surface	O
plasmon	O
resonance	O
,	O
sedimentation	O
equilibration	O
analysis	O
,	O
circular	O
dichroism	O
,	O
native	O
polyacrylamide	B-CHED
-	O
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
,	O
size	O
exclusion	O
high	O
-	O
performance	O
liquid	O
chromatography	O
,	O
and	O
computer	O
-	O
aided	O
homology	O
modelling	O
and	O
molecule	O
docking	B-PROC
analysis	O
.	O

77	O
:	O
4528	O
-	O
4538	O
,	O
2003	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
modified	O
live	O
FIP	B-DISO
vaccine	O
.	O

The	O
passive	O
transfer	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
(	O
HLA	B-PRGE
)	O
or	O
antineutrophil	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
donated	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
pathophysiological	O
process	O
in	O
TRALI	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
case	O
of	O
70	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
the	O
fracture	O
of	O
the	O
right	O
femoral	O
bone	B-ANAT
,	O
who	O
developed	O
TRALI	B-DISO
after	O
transfusion	O
of	O
packed	O
red	O
cells	B-COMP
is	O
presented	O
in	O
the	O
paper	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serum	B-ANAT
LD1	I-PRGE
isoenzyme	I-PRGE
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
subsets	O
as	O
prognostic	O
indicators	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
CD3	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
CD4	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
natural	B-ANAT
killer	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
counts	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
good	O
prognostic	O
indicators	O
for	O
predicting	O
admission	O
to	O
ICU	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
age	O
,	O
leucocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
and	O
LD	O
isoenzymes	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
increased	O
serum	B-PRGE
LD1	I-PRGE
should	O
be	O
closely	O
monitored	O
to	O
ensure	O
prompt	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
preparation	O
for	O
admission	O
to	O
ICU	O
could	O
be	O
planned	O
ahead	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
suppressed	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
subsets	O
.	O

Two	O
other	O
HCoV	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
)	O
have	O
been	O
known	O
for	O
30	O
years	O
.	O

In	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
(	O
children	O
and	O
newborns	O
)	O
and	O
staff	O
members	O
we	O
found	O
a	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
HcoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
-	O
hybridization	O
assay	O
gave	O
a	O
high	O
specificity	O
and	O
a	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
50	O
%	O
Tissue	B-ANAT
Culture	O
Infective	O
Dose	O
per	O
ml	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Using	O
interrupted	O
time	O
-	O
series	O
analysis	O
and	O
National	O
Health	O
Insurance	O
data	O
between	O
January	O
2000	O
and	O
August	O
2003	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
assessed	O
the	O
impacts	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
on	O
medical	O
service	O
utilization	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
peak	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
significant	O
reductions	O
in	O
ambulatory	O
care	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
inpatient	O
care	O
(	O
35	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
and	O
dental	O
care	O
(	O
16	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

After	O
purification	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
fragments	O
were	O
printed	O
on	O
glass	O
slides	O
to	O
fabricate	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
microarray	O
and	O
then	O
probed	O
with	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
reactivity	O
of	O
these	O
protein	B-CHED
fragments	O
.	O

EP3	B-PRGE
and	O
EP4	B-PRGE
also	O
formed	O
conformational	O
epitopes	O
,	O
and	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
these	O
epitopes	O
existed	O
in	O
all	O
52	O
of	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
tested	O
.	O

The	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
potential	O
diagnostic	O
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
preparedness	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Psychiatric	O
complications	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
during	O
the	O
acute	O
treatment	O
phase	O
:	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
10	O
cases	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
direct	O
and	O
indirect	O
effects	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
symptom	B-DISO
severity	O
,	O
total	O
isolation	O
during	O
treatment	O
and	O
administration	O
of	O
steroid	B-CHED
were	O
probable	O
causes	O
of	O
psychiatric	O
complications	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Optimal	O
usability	O
is	O
crucial	O
in	O
providing	O
protection	O
for	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
who	O
are	O
exposed	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
day	O
and	O
night	O
while	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

PPC	O
available	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
were	O
sorted	B-PROC
by	O
their	O
physical	O
properties	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
stage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bioterrorism	O
and	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
-	O
antimicrobials	B-CHED
,	O
therapeutics	O
and	O
immune	O
-	O
modulators	O
.	O

SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
progress	O
toward	O
understanding	O
the	O
epidemic	O
was	O
addressed	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
sessions	O
were	O
presented	O
concerning	O
immune	O
therapy	O
and	O
immunopotentiation	B-PROC
of	O
disease	O
,	O
siRNA	O
and	O
gene	B-PROC
silencing	I-PROC
,	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
pathogen	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
genetic	O
engineering	O
to	O
circumvent	O
and	O
direct	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
PRL	B-PRGE
serum	B-COMP
level	O
and	O
was	O
independent	O
from	O
the	O
LH	O
and	O
T	O
serum	B-COMP
level	O
.	O

They	O
may	O
originate	O
from	O
the	O
endogenous	O
flora	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
translocation	B-DISO
of	O
microorganisms	O
from	O
a	O
physiologically	O
colonized	O
area	O
to	O
an	O
area	O
,	O
where	O
they	O
act	O
as	O
pathogens	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Over	O
-	O
dose	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
was	O
frequently	O
used	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
frequency	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
diabetes	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
situation	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Ninety	O
five	O
patients	O
(	O
71	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
were	O
prescribed	O
with	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
among	O
the	O
132	O
patients	O
.	O

Fundus	B-ANAT
examinations	O
were	O
unremarkable	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
.	O

Development	B-PROC
and	O
implementation	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
three	O
distinct	O
but	O
overlapping	O
phases	O
:	O
needs	O
assessment	O
,	O
design	O
and	O
implementation	O
,	O
and	O
expansion	O
and	O
ongoing	O
operations	O
.	O

Overall	O
rate	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
635	O
traders	O
was	O
16	O
.	O
69	O
%,	O
varying	O
in	O
three	O
different	O
markets	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
traders	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
markets	O
possibly	O
related	O
to	O
their	O
direct	O
exposure	O
to	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
particularly	O
to	O
civet	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Re	O
-	O
survey	O
on	O
epidemiological	O
history	O
of	O
1	O
091	O
probable	O
cases	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
].	O

Comprehensive	O
judgement	O
based	O
on	O
epidemiological	O
history	O
showed	O
that	O
probale	O
history	O
of	O
contact	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
could	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
72	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
1	O
,	O
091	O
probale	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
second	O
survey	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
An	O
investigation	O
on	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
at	O
13	O
key	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
].	O

Nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
was	O
affected	O
by	O
clinical	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
characteristics	O
and	O
environment	O
of	O
hospitals	O
and	O
their	O
personal	O
protective	O
measures	O
adopted	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
was	O
affected	O
by	O
clinical	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
characteristics	O
and	O
environment	O
of	O
hospitals	O
and	O
their	O
personal	O
protective	O
measures	O
adopted	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Positive	O
rate	O
and	O
load	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
in	O
stool	B-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
the	O
highest	O
at	O
their	O
acute	O
phase	O
,	O
and	O
decreased	O
with	O
the	O
extension	O
of	O
its	O
course	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
level	O
of	O
PA	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
and	O
levels	O
of	O
C4	O
and	O
CRP	B-PRGE
significantly	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
other	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
normal	O
persons	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Determination	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
level	O
of	O
C4	O
,	O
CRP	B-PRGE
and	O
PA	O
in	O
suspected	O
patients	O
is	O
beneficial	O
to	O
early	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Serum	B-COMP
concentrations	O
of	O
C3	O
,	O
C4	O
,	O
CRP	B-PRGE
and	O
PA	O
were	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
18	O
+/-	O

A	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
from	O
ten	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
,	O
with	O
180	O
non	O
-	O
infected	O
and	O
77	O
infected	O
staff	O
members	O
that	O
accessed	O
the	O
isolation	O
unit	O
every	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
participated	O
in	O
direct	O
first	O
aid	O
for	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Statistical	O
analysis	O
was	O
done	O
with	O
either	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
or	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
exact	O
test	O
for	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
whereas	O
we	O
used	O
forward	O
stepwise	O
selection	O
(	O
Waldesian	O
)	O
for	O
logistic	O
regression	O
.	O

It	O
seemed	O
that	O
the	O
more	O
the	O
protective	O
measures	O
were	O
used	O
,	O
the	O
higher	O
the	O
protective	O
effect	O
was	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
could	O
reach	B-PROC
100	O
%	O
if	O
mask	O
,	O
gown	O
,	O
gloves	O
,	O
goggles	O
,	O
footwear	O
,	O
""""	O
hand	O
-	O
washing	O
and	O
disinfecting	O
""""	O
were	O
all	O
used	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O

Nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
prevented	O
effectively	O
by	O
precautions	O
against	O
droplets	O
and	O
personal	O
contact	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
emotional	O
and	O
depressive	O
differences	O
between	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
whose	O
occupations	O
were	O
doctor	O
/	O
nurse	O
and	O
others	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preoperative	O
preparation	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
advanced	O
liver	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
complications	O
are	O
secondary	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
include	O
severe	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
,	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
,	O
adult	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Portal	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
prominent	O
feature	O
of	O
advanced	O
liver	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
it	O
predisposes	O
the	O
patient	O
to	O
variceal	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
,	O
hepatorenal	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
hepatopulmonary	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
uncontrolled	O
ascites	O
.	O

If	O
well	O
-	O
defined	O
contraindications	O
are	O
not	O
present	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
advanced	O
liver	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
evaluated	O
for	O
orthotopic	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
from	O
a	O
cadaver	B-ANAT
donor	B-CHED
or	O
possible	O
living	O
-	O
related	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
finding	O
of	O
low	O
PCT	B-DISO
,	O
testing	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
,	O
especially	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
positive	O
travel	O
or	O
contact	O
history	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Tissue	B-ANAT
distribution	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
naturally	O
infected	O
immunocompetent	O
ICR	O
(	O
CD	O
-	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
immunodeficient	O
athymic	O
nude	O
-	O
nu	O
mouse	B-SPEC
strains	O
used	O
for	O
ovarian	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
fertilization	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
commercial	O
assay	O
was	O
the	O
RealArt	B-PRGE
HPA	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RT	I-PRGE
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
(	O
Artus	O
),	O
which	O
was	O
run	O
in	O
the	O
LC	O
.	O

Testing	O
68	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
(	O
including	O
17	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
specimens	O
,	O
29	O
urine	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
and	O
22	O
stools	B-ANAT
or	O
rectal	O
swabs	O
)	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
six	O
of	O
the	O
seven	O
assays	O
detected	O
at	O
least	O
17	O
of	O
18	O
positives	O
(	O
defined	O
as	O
positive	O
in	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
assays	O
),	O
and	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
assays	O
had	O
a	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
100	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Two	O
genotypes	O
of	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
simultaneously	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrhea	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
smallpox	B-DISO
are	O
easier	O
to	O
control	O
using	O
these	O
simple	O
public	O
health	O
measures	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
November	O
2003	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
,	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
,	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
named	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
arose	O
from	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
primarily	O
affects	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

There	O
are	O
several	O
other	O
neuraminidase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
in	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

External	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
intrinsic	B-DISO
PEEP	I-DISO
were	O
combined	O
to	O
keep	O
recruited	O
lung	B-ANAT
units	O
open	O
.	O

We	O
generated	O
intrinsic	B-DISO
PEEP	I-DISO
by	O
pressure	O
-	O
cycled	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
inverse	O
ratio	O
ventilation	O
(	O
80	O
min	O
,	O
inspiratory	O
/	O
expiratory	B-PROC
ratio	O
2	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
maintained	O
our	O
ventilatory	O
strategy	O
for	O
24	O
hrs	B-DISO
.	O

Data	O
from	O
computed	O
tomography	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
concept	O
were	O
analyzed	O
for	O
volumetric	O
quantification	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
aeration	O
and	O
collapse	B-DISO
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
increased	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
normally	O
aerated	O
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
total	O
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
while	O
decreasing	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
collapsed	O
tissue	B-ANAT
.	O

An	O
18	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
adult	O
medical	O
-	O
surgical	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
in	O
a	O
1	O
,	O
100	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
regional	O
and	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
in	O
France	O
.	O

The	O
separation	B-DISO
and	O
purification	O
of	O
glycyrrhizin	B-CHED
from	O
a	O
methanol	B-CHED
-	O
water	B-CHED
(	O
70	O
:	O
30	O
(	O
v	O
/	O
v	O
))	O
extract	O
of	O
liquorice	O
roots	O
was	O
achieved	O
using	O
high	O
-	O
speed	O
counter	B-CHED
-	O
current	O
chromatography	O
.	O

The	O
separation	B-DISO
was	O
performed	O
at	O
a	O
preparative	O
scale	O
in	O
a	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
separation	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
phase	O
solvent	B-CHED
system	O
composed	O
of	O
ethyl	B-CHED
acetate	I-CHED
-	O
methanol	B-CHED
-	O
water	B-CHED
(	O
5	O
:	O
2	O
:	O
5	O
(	O
v	O
/	O
v	O
)).	O

The	O
lower	O
phase	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
mobile	O
phase	O
in	O
the	O
head	B-ANAT
-	O
to	O
-	O
tail	O
elution	O
mode	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
identification	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
not	O
previously	O
recognized	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
obtained	O
from	O
an	O
8	O
-	O
mo	O
-	O
old	O
boy	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Using	O
these	O
tests	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
four	O
of	O
139	O
individuals	O
(	O
3	O
%)	O
who	O
were	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
with	O
unknown	O
etiology	O
.	O

G	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
intestinalis	I-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
agent	O
found	O
but	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
this	O
parasite	O
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

Cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
reduction	O
assays	O
visually	O
determined	O
with	O
spectrophotometric	O
verification	O
by	O
neutral	B-PRGE
red	I-PRGE
(	O
NR	O
)	O
uptake	O
assay	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
potency	O
of	O
the	O
compounds	O
.	O

Significantly	O
inhibitory	O
compounds	O
were	O
then	O
evaluated	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
yield	O
reduction	O
assays	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Negative	O
-	O
pressure	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
orangutan	B-SPEC
(	O
Pongo	B-SPEC
pygmaeus	I-SPEC
abelii	I-SPEC
).	O

A	O
large	O
volume	O
of	O
pink	O
-	O
tinged	O
frothy	O
fluid	O
flowed	O
from	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
when	O
the	O
laryngoscope	O
was	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
oropharynx	B-ANAT
.	O

From	O
the	O
pH	O
dependency	O
of	O
catalytic	O
activity	O
,	O
the	O
pK	O
(	O
a	O
)'	O
s	O
for	O
His41	O
and	O
Cys145	O
in	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
enzyme	O
were	O
estimated	O
to	O
be	O
6	O
.	O
38	O
and	O
8	O
.	O
34	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
pK	O
(	O
a	O
)'	O
s	O
for	O
His41	O
and	O
Ser145	O
in	O
the	O
C145S	O
mutant	B-DISO
were	O
estimated	O
to	O
be	O
6	O
.	O
15	O
and	O
9	O
.	O
09	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Efforts	O
to	O
contain	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
have	O
been	O
limited	O
by	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
standardized	O
,	O
sensitive	O
,	O
and	O
specific	O
test	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
CoV	O
).	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
appears	O
similar	O
to	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
both	O
virion	B-COMP
structure	O
and	O
genome	O
organization	O
.	O

In	O
an	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
map	O
the	O
ligand	B-PROC
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
,	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
and	O
amino	O
-	O
terminal	O
truncations	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
1190	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
were	O
constructed	O
.	O

We	O
speculate	O
that	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
1	O
to	O
510	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
represent	O
a	O
unique	O
domain	O
containing	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
(	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
270	O
to	O
510	O
),	O
analogous	O
to	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
of	O
other	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
S	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
vaccination	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
may	O
represent	O
an	O
effective	O
approach	O
to	O
controlling	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

DNA	O
vaccines	O
are	O
an	O
attractive	O
approach	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
as	O
they	O
offer	O
many	O
advantages	O
over	O
conventional	O
vaccines	O
,	O
including	O
stability	O
,	O
simplicity	O
,	O
and	O
safety	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
employed	O
this	O
CRT	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
enhancement	O
strategy	O
to	O
create	O
effective	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
using	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
target	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
encoding	O
CRT	B-CHED
linked	O
to	O
a	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
is	O
capable	O
of	O
generating	O
strong	O
N	O
-	O
specific	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
and	O
may	O
potentially	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
control	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

Monitoring	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
NK	O
and	O
CD158b	O
+	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
CDD158b	O
+	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
might	O
aid	O
in	O
differentiating	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
important	O
thing	O
is	O
to	O
understand	O
its	O
binding	B-FUNC
mechanism	O
with	O
possible	O
ligands	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
expressed	B-PROC
recombinant	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
prepared	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
polyclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

When	O
C3H	O
/	O
He	O
mice	O
were	O
immunized	O
by	O
three	O
separate	O
injections	O
,	O
high	O
antibody	B-COMP
titre	O
(	O
1	O
:	O
3200	O
-	O
1	O
:	O
6400	O
,	O
average	O
titre	O
is	O
1	O
:	O
4580	O
)	O
and	O
high	O
CTL	B-ANAT
activity	O
(	O
67	O
.	O
4	O
+/-	O
8	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
E	O
:	O
T	O
=	O
25	O
:	O
1	O
),	O
69	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
E	O
:	O
T	O
=	O
50	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
71	O
.	O
8	O
+/-	O
6	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
E	O
:	O
T	O
=	O
100	O
:	O
1	O
))	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

Many	O
of	O
the	O
ethical	O
issues	O
raised	O
by	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
related	O
to	O
these	O
diseases	O
'	O
powerful	O
ability	O
to	O
engender	O
fear	O
in	O
individuals	O
and	O
panic	O
in	O
populations	O
.	O

Spinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
in	O
them	O
is	O
often	O
elevated	O
,	O
higher	O
values	O
seeming	O
to	O
auger	O
a	O
better	O
intravenous	O
immunoglobulin	O
-	O
G	O
response	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Key	O
recommendations	O
,	O
listed	O
by	O
category	O
and	O
not	O
by	O
hierarchy	O
,	O
include	O
early	O
goal	O
-	O
directed	O
resuscitation	O
of	O
the	O
septic	O
patient	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
6	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
recognition	O
;	O
appropriate	O
diagnostic	O
studies	O
to	O
ascertain	O
causative	O
organisms	O
before	O
starting	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
;	O
early	O
administration	O
of	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
;	O
reassessment	O
of	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
with	O
microbiology	O
and	O
clinical	O
data	O
to	O
narrow	O
coverage	O
,	O
when	O
appropriate	O
;	O
a	O
usual	O
7	O
-	O
10	O
days	O
of	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
guided	O
by	O
clinical	O
response	O
;	O
source	O
control	O
with	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
method	O
that	O
balances	O
risks	O
and	O
benefits	O
;	O
equivalence	O
of	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
and	O
colloid	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
;	O
aggressive	B-DISO
fluid	O
challenge	O
to	O
restore	O
mean	O
circulating	O
filling	O
pressure	O
;	O
vasopressor	O
preference	O
for	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
and	O
dopamine	B-CHED
;	O
cautious	O
use	O
of	O
vasopressin	B-CHED
pending	O
further	O
studies	O
;	O
avoiding	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
dopamine	B-CHED
administration	O
for	O
renal	B-ANAT
protection	O
;	O
consideration	O
of	O
dobutamine	B-CHED
inotropic	O
therapy	O
in	O
some	O
clinical	O
situations	O
;	O
avoidance	O
of	O
supranormal	O
oxygen	B-CHED
delivery	O
as	O
a	O
goal	O
of	O
therapy	O
;	O
stress	O
-	O
dose	O
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
for	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
;	O
use	O
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
high	O
risk	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
;	O
with	O
resolution	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
hypoperfusion	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
coronary	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
or	O
acute	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
,	O
targeting	B-PROC
a	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
of	O
7	O
-	O
9	O
g	O
/	O
dL	O
;	O
appropriate	O
use	O
of	O
fresh	B-ANAT
frozen	I-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
and	O
platelets	B-ANAT
;	O
a	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
and	O
limitation	O
of	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
plateau	O
pressure	O
strategy	O
for	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
application	O
of	O
a	O
minimal	O
amount	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
a	O
semirecumbent	O
bed	B-DISO
position	O
unless	O
contraindicated	O
;	O
protocols	O
for	O
weaning	B-PROC
and	O
sedation	B-DISO
/	O
analgesia	B-DISO
,	O
using	O
either	O
intermittent	O
bolus	O
sedation	B-DISO
or	O
continuous	O
infusion	O
sedation	B-DISO
with	O
daily	O
interruptions	O
/	O
lightening	O
;	O
avoidance	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
blockers	O
,	O
if	O
at	O
all	O
possible	O
;	O
maintenance	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
<	O
150	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
after	O
initial	O
stabilization	O
;	O
equivalence	O
of	O
continuous	O
veno	O
-	O
veno	O
hemofiltration	O
and	O
intermittent	O
hemodialysis	O
;	O
lack	O
of	O
utility	O
of	O
bicarbonate	B-CHED
use	O
for	O
pH	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
7	O
.	O
15	O
;	O
use	O
of	O
deep	B-DISO
vein	I-DISO
thrombosis	I-DISO
/	O
stress	B-DISO
ulcer	I-DISO
prophylaxis	O
;	O
and	O
consideration	O
of	O
limitation	O
of	O
support	O
where	O
appropriate	O
.	O

This	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
across	O
30	O
nations	O
since	O
its	O
first	O
recognition	O
in	O
late	O
2002	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
423	O
amino	O
-	O
acid	O
,	O
predicted	O
phospho	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
46	O
kDa	O
that	O
shares	O
little	O
homology	O
with	O
other	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	O
family	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
called	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
first	O
identified	O
from	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
in	O
November	O
2002	O
.	O

The	O
economic	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
impact	O
of	O
this	O
mysterious	O
illness	O
was	O
profound	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
serologic	O
test	O
as	O
the	O
gold	B-CHED
standard	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
at	O
hospitalization	O
had	O
a	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
96	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
91	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
specificity	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
96	O
(	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
92	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
97	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antibody	B-FUNC
response	I-PROC
and	O
viraemia	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	O
infection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PRCV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
sentinel	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
partial	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
PRCV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
of	O
PRCV	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
57	O
%	O
and	O
63	O
%	O
of	O
samples	O
by	O
nested	O
-	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
immunofluorescence	O
(	O
CCIF	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

Risk	O
assessment	O
remains	O
a	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
cost	O
and	O
benefit	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
extremely	O
severe	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
provide	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
through	O
an	O
extracorporeal	O
artificial	O
oxygenator	O
.	O

ECMO	O
has	O
been	O
concluded	O
to	O
be	O
life	O
saving	O
in	O
selected	O
cases	O
of	O
extremely	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evidence	O
of	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
the	O
temporal	O
and	O
spatial	O
distributions	O
of	O
cases	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
community	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
and	O
examined	O
the	O
correlation	O
of	O
these	O
data	O
with	O
the	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
spread	O
of	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
laden	O
aerosol	O
plume	O
that	O
was	O
modeled	O
using	O
studies	O
of	O
airflow	B-PROC
dynamics	O
.	O

The	O
distribution	O
of	O
risk	O
in	O
buildings	O
B	O
,	O
C	O
,	O
and	O
D	O
corresponded	O
well	O
with	O
the	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
spread	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
laden	O
aerosols	O
predicted	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
computational	O
fluid	O
-	O
dynamics	O
modeling	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
highlighted	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
hospital	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
-	O
control	O
programs	O
.	O

In	O
April	O
2003	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
screening	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
in	O
Taipei	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
suspected	O
TB	O
among	O
HCWs	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
PMs	B-DISO
were	O
collected	O
during	O
elective	O
laparoscopic	O
procedures	O
,	O
cultured	O
,	O
and	O
stimulated	O
with	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
8	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
in	O
children	O
compared	O
with	O
adults	O
.	O

Exact	O
knowledge	O
of	O
how	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
handles	O
protein	B-CHED
antigens	B-CHED
would	O
allow	O
for	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
such	O
linear	O
sequences	O
directly	O
from	O
genomic	O
/	O
proteomic	O
sequence	O
information	O
(	O
Lauemoller	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
Rev	B-PRGE
Immunogenet	I-PRGE
2001	O
:	O
2	O
:	O
477	O
-	O
91	O
).	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
combined	O
advanced	O
bioinformatics	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
immunology	O
to	O
perform	O
an	O
HLA	B-PRGE
supertype	O
-,	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
scan	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
specific	O
CTL	B-ANAT
epitopes	O
.	O

We	O
suggest	O
that	O
immunobioinformatics	O
may	O
become	O
a	O
fast	B-FUNC
and	O
valuable	O
tool	O
in	O
rational	O
vaccine	O
design	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
cluster	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
chest	B-ANAT
ward	O
in	O
southern	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

This	O
retrospective	O
case	O
series	O
was	O
collected	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Gas	B-PRGE
exchange	O
deteriorated	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
our	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
).	O

Clinically	O
relevant	O
outcome	O
measures	O
should	O
be	O
assessed	O
(	O
mortality	O
at	O
discharge	B-ANAT
and	O
later	O
,	O
duration	O
of	O
respiratory	O
support	O
and	O
hospital	O
stay	O
,	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
neurodevelopmental	O
outcomes	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
studies	O
should	O
be	O
published	O
in	O
full	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
estimated	O
the	O
utilisation	O
of	O
resources	O
related	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
related	O
medical	O
services	O
,	O
and	O
routine	O
medical	O
services	O
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
related	O
medical	O
outcomes	O
at	O
National	O
Cheng	O
Kung	O
University	O
Hospital	O
(	O
NCKUH	O
)	O
from	O
25	O
March	O
to	O
16	O
June	O
2003	O
through	O
a	O
cross	O
sectional	O
survey	O
of	O
hospital	O
records	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
are	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
spread	O
from	O
person	O
to	O
person	O
.	O

A	O
key	O
enzyme	O
for	O
the	O
maturation	B-PROC
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
a	O
target	O
for	O
drug	O
development	B-PROC
is	O
the	O
main	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
(	O
also	O
termed	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
developed	O
in	O
a	O
previously	O
healthy	O
man	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
in	O
March	O
2003	O
.	O

Apart	O
from	O
frequently	O
causing	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
general	O
community	O
,	O
many	O
types	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
also	O
significant	O
nosocomial	O
pathogens	O
.	O

While	O
it	O
is	O
generally	O
agreed	O
that	O
we	O
underestimate	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
that	O
are	O
viral	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
routine	O
monitoring	O
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
easily	O
account	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
many	O
paediatric	O
settings	O
.	O

This	O
,	O
in	O
turn	O
,	O
has	O
stimulated	O
considerable	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
formulations	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
only	O
safer	O
but	O
which	O
also	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
activity	O
against	O
major	O
types	O
of	O
nosocomial	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Further	O
,	O
much	O
work	O
is	O
now	O
underway	O
to	O
design	O
better	O
methods	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
virucidal	O
activity	O
of	O
microbicides	B-CHED
used	O
to	O
decontaminate	O
hands	B-ANAT
,	O
reusable	O
medical	O
devices	O
and	O
environmental	O
surfaces	O
in	O
critical	O
areas	O
of	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
in	O
accessing	O
information	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
anthrax	B-DISO
scare	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
in	O
late	O
2001	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
strategize	O
about	O
the	O
most	O
effective	O
use	O
of	O
this	O
technology	O
as	O
a	O
communication	O
vehicle	O
during	O
times	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
crises	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
thirty	O
eight	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
low	O
dose	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
then	O
intravenous	O
high	O
dose	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
according	O
to	O
responses	O
.	O

A	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
at	O
presentation	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
independent	O
predictor	O
for	O
use	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
2	O
.	O
18	O
per	O
10	O
mg	O
/	O
dl	O
increase	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
1	O
.	O
12	O
to	O
4	O
.	O
25	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

Aerosolization	O
means	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
aerosols	O
and	O
droplets	O
when	O
blood	B-ANAT
or	O
other	O
body	B-ANAT
fluids	I-ANAT
are	O
mechanically	O
disturbed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
emerged	O
,	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
agent	O
that	O
caused	O
over	O
8	O
,	O
000	O
human	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
nearly	O
800	O
deaths	B-PROC
between	O
November	O
2002	O
and	O
September	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Three	O
newly	O
recognized	O
encephalitogenic	O
zoonotic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
spread	O
from	O
fruit	O
bats	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Pteropus	I-SPEC
(	O
order	B-SPEC
Chiroptera	I-SPEC
,	O
suborder	B-SPEC
Megachiroptera	B-SPEC
)	O
have	O
been	O
recognised	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
.	O

Direct	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
although	O
human	B-SPEC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
was	O
thought	O
to	O
have	O
occurred	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
not	O
confirmed	O
by	O
follow	O
up	O
testing	O
.	O

Quarantine	O
of	O
the	O
potentially	O
infected	O
employee	O
and	O
her	O
boyfriend	O
uncovered	O
issues	O
that	O
must	O
be	O
addressed	O
if	O
other	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
requiring	O
quarantine	O
or	O
isolation	O
of	O
individuals	O
emerge	O
or	O
re	O
-	O
emerge	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
aetiology	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
rotavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Shahrekord	O
,	O
Iran	O
.	O

Stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
using	O
EM	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
eighty	O
six	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
146	O
(	O
78	O
%)	O
were	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
successfully	O
typed	O
139	O
of	O
the	O
146	O
(	O
95	O
%)	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
G	I-SPEC
types	O
and	O
124	O
(	O
85	O
%)	O
P	O
types	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
thousand	O
,	O
two	O
hundred	O
and	O
seven	O
cats	O
from	O
14	O
shelters	O
of	O
a	O
major	O
UK	O
cat	B-SPEC
charity	O
were	O
blood	B-ANAT
tested	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Data	O
was	O
collated	O
on	O
breed	B-PROC
,	O
sex	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
number	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
at	O
original	O
location	O
,	O
outdoor	O
access	O
,	O
health	O
status	O
,	O
and	O
time	O
spent	O
in	O
the	O
shelter	O
prior	O
to	O
sampling	O
(	O
range	O
0	O
to	O
4	O
years	O
).	O

Whether	O
pet	B-PRGE
,	O
stray	O
or	O
feral	O
,	O
health	O
status	O
,	O
indoor	O
/	O
outdoor	O
access	O
,	O
and	O
sex	O
had	O
no	O
significant	O
effect	O
.	O

Significant	O
variation	O
existed	O
in	O
seropositivity	O
between	O
individual	O
shelters	O
overall	O
and	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
rescued	O
for	O
less	O
than	O
5	O
days	O
.	O

Examination	O
of	O
the	O
FCoV	O
genome	O
has	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
same	O
strain	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
produce	O
different	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
host	B-COMP
genetic	O
factors	O
may	O
also	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

FIP	B-DISO
is	O
most	O
prevalent	O
amongst	O
pedigree	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
although	O
how	O
much	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
them	O
living	O
in	O
large	O
groups	O
(	O
leading	O
to	O
higher	O
virus	B-SPEC
challenge	O
and	O
stress	O
which	O
predisposes	O
to	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
how	O
much	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
genetic	O
susceptibility	O
is	O
not	O
known	O
.	O

Individual	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
between	O
two	O
and	O
six	O
FLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DRB	I-PRGE
alleles	I-PRGE
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
statistically	O
significant	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
alleles	O
and	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Pathological	O
findings	O
were	O
restricted	O
to	O
generalized	O
lymphatic	B-ANAT
hyperplasia	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
findings	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
systemic	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
high	O
viral	O
loads	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
clinical	O
and	O
pathological	O
signs	O
.	O

Fifteen	O
percent	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
shedding	O
FCV	B-CHED
,	O
52	O
%	O
FHV	O
,	O
and	O
60	O
%	O
FECV	B-SPEC
after	O
1	O
week	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
levels	O
of	O
FECV	B-SPEC
shedding	O
among	O
adults	O
were	O
the	O
same	O
for	O
primary	O
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

FECV	B-SPEC
shedding	O
increased	O
10	O
to	O
1	O
,	O
000	O
,	O
000	O
fold	O
in	O
1	O
week	O
among	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
already	O
infected	O
at	O
entry	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
-	O
half	O
of	O
initially	O
negative	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
shedding	O
FECV	B-SPEC
a	O
week	O
later	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
alpha	O
(	O
1	O
)-	O
acid	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
fAGP	O
)	O
increases	O
during	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

Compared	O
to	O
controls	O
,	O
fAGPrP	O
-	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
often	O
increased	O
in	O
number	O
and	O
were	O
diffusely	O
distributed	O
in	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
,	O
as	O
usually	O
occurs	O
for	O
IgM	B-PRGE
-	O
producing	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
during	O
early	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
our	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
another	O
poxvirus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
modified	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
Ankara	O
(	O
MVA	B-CHED
),	O
as	O
an	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
for	O
the	O
FIPV	O
M	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
vaccine	O
was	O
then	O
tested	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
to	O
evaluate	O
its	O
efficacy	O
in	O
an	O
FIPV	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
challenge	O
.	O

Vaccinated	O
kittens	O
developed	O
FIPV	O
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
after	O
immunization	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
them	O
was	O
protected	O
against	O
FIPV	O
.	O

Replication	O
-	O
incompetent	O
feline	B-SPEC
foamy	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FFV	O
)	O
transducing	O
vectors	O
are	O
being	O
developed	O
as	O
potential	O
vaccine	O
agents	O
,	O
into	O
which	O
immunogenic	O
fragments	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
will	O
be	O
inserted	O
.	O

Highly	O
conserved	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
1	O
(	O
HR1	O
)	O
and	O
HR2	O
regions	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
indicate	O
a	O
similar	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
structure	O
among	O
these	O
fusion	O
cores	O
and	O
common	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
the	O
viral	O
fusion	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Postinfectious	O
proliferative	O
glomerulonephritis	O
may	O
occur	O
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
them	O
.	O

No	O
opportunistic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
have	O
occurred	O
during	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
venous	B-DISO
thrombosis	I-DISO
was	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
multifactorial	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
recognized	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
increased	O
incidence	O
of	O
congenital	O
lymphatic	B-ANAT
anomalies	O
in	O
Down	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
contributing	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
chylothorax	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
patient	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Aerosols	O
and	O
splatter	O
in	O
dentistry	O
:	O
a	O
brief	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
implications	O
.	O

The	O
literature	O
also	O
documents	O
that	O
airborne	O
contamination	O
can	O
be	O
minimized	O
easily	O
and	O
inexpensively	O
by	O
layering	O
several	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
steps	O
into	O
the	O
routine	O
precautions	O
used	O
during	O
all	O
dental	O
procedures	O
.	O

The	O
aetiological	O
diagnosis	O
by	O
infective	O
agent	O
is	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
150	O
patients	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
had	O
virus	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
of	O
which	O
90	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
136	O
/	O
150	O
)	O
were	O
by	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
occurrence	O
of	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
malaise	B-DISO
and	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
symptom	I-DISO
were	O
more	O
often	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
than	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

40	O
of	O
51	O
patients	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
diffusion	O
abnormity	O
showed	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
decreased	O
in	O
55	O
%	O
patients	O
(	O
22	O
of	O
40	O
patients	O
)	O
after	O
one	O
month	O
.	O

40	O
of	O
51	O
patients	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
diffusion	O
abnormity	O
showed	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
decreased	O
in	O
55	O
%	O
patients	O
(	O
22	O
of	O
40	O
patients	O
)	O
after	O
one	O
month	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
covert	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
professionals	O
and	O
its	O
relation	O
to	O
work	O
intensity	O
and	O
type	O
of	O
work	O
.	O

Medical	O
examination	O
was	O
also	O
carried	O
out	O
for	O
313	O
people	O
who	O
had	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
29	O
antibody	B-FUNC
positive	O
health	O
care	O
professionals	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
clinical	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
method	O
for	O
rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
concentration	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
samples	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
PFU	B-CHED
(	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
PFU	B-CHED
),	O
as	O
determined	O
from	O
the	O
standard	O
curve	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
and	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
positivity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
have	O
spurred	O
intense	O
research	O
efforts	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
serious	O
threat	O
to	O
health	O
posed	O
by	O
this	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Samples	O
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
a	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
PCR	O
assay	O
.	O

Northern	O
blot	O
analysis	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
differences	O
in	O
subgenomic	O
transcripts	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
PCR	O
was	O
employed	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
sensitivities	O
of	O
two	O
loci	O
(	O
1b	O
and	O
N	O
).	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
gene	O
represents	O
an	O
additional	O
sensitive	O
molecular	O
marker	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
can	O
be	O
further	O
adapted	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
platform	O
assay	O
.	O

The	O
kits	O
achieved	O
sensitivities	O
of	O
70	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
(	O
Artus	O
)	O
and	O
67	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
Roche	O
)	O
in	O
66	O
specimens	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
samples	O
primarily	O
from	O
the	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
stool	B-ANAT
).	O

Culture	O
cells	O
initially	O
contained	O
five	O
times	O
more	O
N	O
-	O
than	O
R	O
-	O
gene	O
RNA	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
respective	O
levels	O
converged	O
during	O
4	O
days	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
liver	B-ANAT
function	I-PROC
and	O
histopathology	O
,	O
and	O
investigate	O
the	O
underlying	O
mechanism	O
and	O
clinical	O
significance	O
of	O
damage	O
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

According	O
the	O
clinical	O
diagnostic	O
standard	O
of	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
of	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
P	O
.	O
R	O
.	O
China	O
,	O
liver	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
was	O
assessed	O
in	O
110	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
admitted	O
from	O
February	O
2003	O
to	O
June	O
2003	O
.	O

Direct	O
reaction	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
(	O
DBil	O
),	O
total	O
bile	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
TBA	O
),	O
gamma	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
glutamyltransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
GGT	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
alkaline	B-PRGE
phosphatase	I-PRGE
(	O
ALP	B-PRGE
)	O
showed	O
no	O
marked	O
difference	O
between	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
controls	O
,	O
all	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
prone	O
to	O
have	O
mild	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analyze	O
relation	O
between	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
and	O
arthralgia	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
sequela	O
.	O

The	O
degree	O
of	O
arthralgia	B-DISO
was	O
only	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
total	O
dosage	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
arthralgia	B-DISO
was	O
correlated	O
with	O
administration	O
time	O
of	O
glucocorticosteroids	O
by	O
multifactor	O
analysis	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
dosage	O
-	O
effect	O
relation	O
between	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
arthralgia	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
total	O
dosage	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
a	O
time	O
-	O
effect	O
relation	O
between	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
arthralgia	B-DISO
and	O
length	O
of	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analyze	O
the	O
clinical	O
data	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
and	O
mediastinal	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
occurring	O
after	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIPPV	O
),	O
and	O
to	O
inquire	O
into	O
relevant	O
strategy	O
in	O
respiratory	O
treatment	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
and	O
mediastinal	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
improve	O
gradually	O
in	O
all	O
cases	O
after	O
reasonable	O
adjustment	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilative	O
pressure	O
.	O

Seven	O
cases	O
of	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
and	O
mediastinal	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
improved	O
gradually	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Study	O
on	O
the	O
correlation	O
between	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
RNA	O
in	O
clinical	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
RNA	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
].	O

The	O
fragments	O
amplified	O
from	O
the	O
sputum	B-ANAT
specimens	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
share	O
100	O
%	O
homology	O
with	O
the	O
published	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
One	O
-	O
step	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
from	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
.	O

Using	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
,	O
the	O
absolute	O
numbers	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
their	O
subpopulations	O
in	O
240	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
696	O
specimens	O
)	O
and	O
51	O
individuals	O
as	O
controls	O
,	O
were	O
counted	O
and	O
compared	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
absolute	O
numbers	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
their	O
subpopulations	O
(	O
CD45	B-PRGE
,	O
CD3	B-PRGE
,	O
CD4	B-PRGE
,	O
CD8	B-PRGE
)	O
were	O
1298	O
+/-	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
confirmed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
aetiological	O
agent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
3a	I-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
at	O
8	O
-	O
12	O
h	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
reached	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
after	O
approximately	O
24	O
h	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Interferons	O
are	O
cytokines	O
which	O
induce	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
several	O
antivirally	O
active	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
one	O
step	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
with	O
an	O
internal	O
control	O
for	O
PCR	O
inhibitors	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
presents	O
a	O
purification	O
method	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
AGP	O
(	O
fAGP	O
)	O
from	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
using	O
an	O
ion	B-PROC
exchange	I-PROC
chromatography	O
strategy	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
during	O
FIP	B-DISO
disease	O
,	O
fAGP	O
underwent	O
several	O
modifications	O
in	O
the	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
content	O
,	O
including	O
decreased	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
both	O
alpha	O
(	O
2	O
-	O
6	O
)-	O
linked	O
and	O
alpha	O
(	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
)-	O
linked	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
76	O
and	O
44	O
%,	O
respectively	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
pathological	O
feline	B-SPEC
AGP	O
).	O

A	O
47	O
year	O
old	O
patient	O
with	O
progression	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
myeloma	I-DISO
after	O
standard	O
therapy	O
received	O
an	O
allogeneic	O
marrow	O
graft	B-ANAT
from	O
a	O
matched	O
unrelated	O
donor	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
emphasis	O
in	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
is	O
on	O
primary	O
and	O
tertiary	O
prevention	O
.	O

The	O
effect	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
on	O
hyena	B-SPEC
health	O
should	O
be	O
further	O
investigated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Exposure	O
to	O
feline	B-SPEC
and	O
canine	O
pathogens	O
in	O
bobcats	B-SPEC
and	O
gray	O
foxes	O
in	O
urban	O
and	O
rural	O
zones	O
of	O
a	O
national	O
park	O
in	O
California	B-SPEC
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
CDV	B-CHED
were	O
detected	O
in	O
cheetahs	B-SPEC
of	O
all	O
ages	O
sampled	O
between	O
1995	O
and	O
1998	O
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
an	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Namibia	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
CDV	B-CHED
swept	O
through	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
sub	O
-	O
Saharan	O
Africa	O
.	O

The	O
management	O
principles	O
are	O
broadly	O
similar	O
to	O
treating	O
any	O
community	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
but	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
take	O
a	O
pivotal	O
role	O
.	O

The	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
all	O
these	O
peptides	B-CHED
was	O
assessed	O
by	O
using	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
obtained	O
from	O
donors	O
who	O
had	O
fully	O
recovered	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
from	O
healthy	O
donors	O
with	O
no	O
history	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
are	O
highly	O
specialized	O
processes	O
of	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
that	O
localize	O
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
membrane	B-COMP
structures	O
and	O
were	O
recently	O
proposed	O
to	O
involve	O
a	O
complex	O
enzymatic	O
machinery	O
that	O
,	O
besides	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
,	O
helicase	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
protease	O
activities	O
,	O
also	O
involves	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
RNA	O
-	O
processing	O
enzymes	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
found	O
in	O
most	O
other	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
families	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
(	O
d	O
)	O
NTPase	B-PRGE
and	O
RNA	B-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
triphosphatase	I-PRGE
activities	O
of	O
nsp13	O
have	O
a	O
common	O
active	O
site	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
synthesizes	O
several	O
putative	O
viral	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
including	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
),	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
),	O
and	O
small	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoproteins	B-CHED
.	O

Although	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
likely	O
are	O
essential	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
their	O
specific	O
roles	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
entry	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
defined	O
.	O

MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
quiescent	O
17Cl	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
cells	B-COMP
prevented	O
normal	O
increases	O
in	O
Cdk4	B-PRGE
,	O
Cdk6	B-PRGE
,	O
cyclin	B-PRGE
D1	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
cyclin	B-PRGE
D3	I-PRGE
levels	O
after	O
serum	B-COMP
stimulation	O
.	O

Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
infectivity	O
by	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
conjugated	O
morpholino	O
was	O
comparable	O
to	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
the	O
aminoglycoside	B-CHED
hygromycin	B-CHED
B	I-CHED
used	O
at	O
a	O
concentration	O
fivefold	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
oligomer	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
group	O
3	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
contains	O
a	O
canonical	O
dilysine	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
retrieval	O
signal	O
(-	O
KKXX	O
-	O
COOH	O
)	O
in	O
its	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
tail	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
signal	O
can	O
retain	O
a	O
chimeric	O
reporter	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
and	O
when	O
mutated	O
allows	O
transport	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
chimera	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cleavage	B-PROC
between	O
replicase	B-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
p28	B-COMP
and	O
p65	B-PRGE
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
virus	O
replication	O
.	O

Cleavage	B-PROC
between	O
p28	B-COMP
and	O
p65	B-PRGE
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
occur	O
in	O
vitro	O
at	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
1	O
(	O
CS1	O
),	O
(	O
247	O
)	O
Gly	B-CHED
downward	O
arrow	O
Val	B-CHED
(	O
248	O
),	O
in	O
the	O
polyprotein	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cleavage	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
murine	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
by	O
a	O
furin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
affects	O
cell	B-ANAT
-	O
cell	B-COMP
but	O
not	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
previously	O
identified	O
the	O
major	O
pathological	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	O
and	O
immune	B-ANAT
systems	I-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
but	O
gained	O
little	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
organ	B-ANAT
distribution	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Tissue	B-ANAT
distribution	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
distinct	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
aetiological	O
agent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
a	O
metallopeptidase	B-PRGE
named	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Although	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
is	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
present	O
in	O
virtually	O
all	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
its	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
is	O
largely	O
unknown	O
.	O

Since	O
identifying	O
the	O
possible	O
route	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
major	O
implications	O
for	O
understanding	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
future	O
treatment	O
strategies	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
various	O
human	B-SPEC
organs	B-ANAT
(	O
oral	B-ANAT
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
,	O
nasopharynx	B-ANAT
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
stomach	B-ANAT
,	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
,	O
colon	B-ANAT
,	O
skin	B-ANAT
,	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
,	O
thymus	B-SPEC
,	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
brain	B-ANAT
).	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
is	O
abundantly	O
present	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
epithelia	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
might	O
provide	O
possible	O
routes	O
of	O
entry	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
This	O
epithelial	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
in	O
vascular	B-ANAT
endothelium	I-ANAT
,	O
also	O
provides	O
a	O
first	O
step	O
in	O
understanding	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
main	O
SARS	B-DISO
disease	O
manifestations	O
.	O

Whether	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
will	O
return	O
is	O
debatable	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
one	O
disagrees	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
be	O
prepared	O
for	O
this	O
possibility	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Approximately	O
20	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
develop	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
that	O
requires	O
admission	O
to	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
).	O

Many	O
procedures	O
in	O
ICUs	O
pose	O
a	O
high	O
risk	O
for	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
to	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Remyelination	B-PROC
,	O
axonal	O
sparing	O
,	O
and	O
locomotor	O
recovery	O
following	O
transplantation	O
of	O
glial	B-ANAT
-	O
committed	O
progenitor	O
cells	O
into	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

Transplantation	O
of	O
glial	B-ANAT
-	O
committed	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
into	O
the	O
T8	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
demonstrating	O
complete	O
hindlimb	B-ANAT
paralysis	O
resulted	O
in	O
migration	B-PROC
of	O
cells	B-COMP
up	O
to	O
12	O
mm	O
from	O
the	O
implantation	B-PROC
site	O
and	O
remyelination	B-PROC
of	O
up	O
to	O
67	O
%	O
of	O
axons	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
HIV	B-SPEC
protease	I-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
nelfinavir	O
inhibits	O
replication	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
protein	B-CHED
consists	O
of	O
a	O
five	O
-	O
stranded	O
beta	B-ANAT
sheet	I-ANAT
with	O
a	O
folding	O
topology	O
distinct	O
from	O
other	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
makes	O
finding	O
the	O
tight	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
(	O
nanomolar	O
range	O
IC50	O
)	O
impossible	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
radiographic	O
findings	O
and	O
evolution	O
of	O
round	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
found	O
in	O
eight	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Although	O
most	O
respondents	O
knew	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
there	O
was	O
still	O
8	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
know	O
about	O
it	O
.	O

Their	O
efficacy	O
was	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
corresponding	O
HR2	O
peptides	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
inhibiting	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
effect	O
of	O
storage	B-PROC
temperature	O
was	O
determined	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
experimentally	O
and	O
naturally	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
by	O
multiplex	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pharmacophore	O
modeling	O
can	O
provide	O
valuable	O
insight	O
into	O
ligand	O
-	O
receptor	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
no	O
distinguishing	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
paediatric	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
had	O
abnormal	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
versus	O
39	O
%	O
of	O
S	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
27	O
%	O
of	O
O	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Induction	O
of	O
enhanced	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
response	O
to	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
nervous	B-DISO
system	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
generated	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
strain	O
carrying	O
a	O
transgene	O
driven	O
by	O
a	O
strong	O
and	O
ubiquitous	O
promoter	O
(	O
human	B-PRGE
cytomegalovirus	I-PRGE
hCMV	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
actin	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
containing	O
an	O
enhanced	B-PRGE
green	I-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
eGFP	O
)	O
coding	O
sequence	O
upstream	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
(	O
3	O
'	O
UTR	O
)	O
of	O
tissue	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
plasminogen	I-PRGE
activator	I-PRGE
(	O
t	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PA	I-PRGE
)	O
mRNA	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
increased	O
fluorescence	O
is	O
correlated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
eGFP	O
in	O
lesioned	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
presumably	O
enhanced	O
by	O
a	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
the	O
translational	B-PROC
silencing	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
UTR	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
t	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PA	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
.	O

Prions	O
responsible	O
for	O
inducing	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
variant	O
of	O
Creutzfeldt	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Jakob	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
vCJD	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
cause	O
of	O
work	O
-	O
related	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
agricultural	O
and	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
this	O
assumption	O
has	O
not	O
as	O
yet	O
been	O
supported	O
by	O
any	O
conclusive	O
evidence	O
.	O

Vaccinations	O
effectively	O
restricted	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
occupational	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBV	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
work	O
-	O
related	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)	O
causing	O
acquired	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
AIDS	O
)	O
are	O
very	O
rare	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
without	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
197	O
paediatric	O
patients	O
under	O
14	O
years	O
old	O
from	O
inpatient	O
and	O
outpatient	O
department	O
of	O
our	O
hospital	O
,	O
156	O
healthy	O
children	O
pupils	B-ANAT
from	O
primary	O
school	O
,	O
453	O
adult	O
patients	O
over	O
18	O
years	O
old	O
from	O
inpatient	O
and	O
outpatient	O
department	O
of	O
our	O
hospital	O
and	O
other	O
502	O
healthy	O
adult	O
blood	B-ANAT
donors	O
were	O
selected	O
.	O

Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
determined	O
by	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
detection	O
kit	B-FUNC
and	O
ELISA	O
method	O
.	O

The	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
was	O
significant	O
(	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
11	O
.	O
61	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

It	O
is	O
concluded	O
that	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
positive	O
rate	O
in	O
children	O
was	O
obvious	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
adults	O
.	O

This	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
cause	O
why	O
the	O
cases	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
is	O
much	O
less	O
than	O
in	O
adults	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
TaqMan	O
fluorogenic	O
reverse	O
transcriptase	O
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
was	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
quantitation	O
of	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CCoV	O
)	O
RNA	O
in	O
the	O
faeces	B-ANAT
of	O
naturally	O
or	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

Positive	O
rates	O
peaked	O
at	O
6	O
-	O
11	O
days	O
after	O
onset	O
of	O
illness	O
for	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
(	O
87	O
of	O
149	O
[	O
58	O
%],	O
to	O
37	O
of	O
62	O
[	O
60	O
%]),	O
and	O
9	O
-	O
14	O
days	O
for	O
faeces	B-ANAT
(	O
15	O
of	O
22	O
[	O
68	O
%],	O
to	O
26	O
of	O
37	O
[	O
70	O
%]).	O

Low	O
rate	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
first	O
few	O
days	O
of	O
illness	O
meant	O
that	O
early	O
isolation	O
measures	O
would	O
probably	O
be	O
effective	O
.	O

It	O
may	O
help	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Experimental	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
of	O
cynomolgus	O
macaques	B-SPEC
(	O
Macaca	B-SPEC
fascicularis	I-SPEC
)	O
results	O
in	O
virus	O
replication	O
in	O
ciliated	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
with	O
associated	O
lesions	O
throughout	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

They	O
were	O
euthanized	O
at	O
5	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
)	O
or	O
9	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
)	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
dpi	O
),	O
or	O
monitored	O
until	O
14	O
dpi	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
).	O

HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
associate	O
into	O
an	O
antiparallel	O
six	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
,	O
with	O
structural	O
features	O
typical	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
known	O
class	O
I	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Inhibitors	B-CHED
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
HR	O
regions	O
of	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
efficacious	O
against	O
many	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
notably	O
HIV	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
hepatic	O
function	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
possible	O
causes	O
of	O
hepatic	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
in	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

Specific	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
the	O
purified	O
recombinant	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
after	O
10	O
,	O
20	O
,	O
and	O
30	O
days	O
of	O
disease	O
onset	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
13	O
of	O
16	O
(	O
81	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
16	O
of	O
16	O
(	O
100	O
%)	O
and	O
16	O
of	O
16	O
(	O
100	O
%)	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
sera	B-COMP
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
current	O
bronchoscopic	O
classification	O
of	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
for	O
the	O
prediction	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
).	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
DIC	B-DISO
was	O
made	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
modified	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
criteria	O
established	O
by	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
,	O
Labor	B-PROC
and	O
Welfare	O
of	O
Japan	O
.	O

As	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
SF	O
reflects	O
the	O
thrombin	B-PRGE
generation	O
activity	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
it	O
would	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
strong	O
tool	O
to	O
selectively	O
kick	O
up	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
thrombin	B-PRGE
generation	O
.	O

The	O
excessive	O
life	O
response	O
to	O
serious	O
clinical	O
insults	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
severe	I-DISO
pancreatitis	B-DISO
,	O
trauma	O
and	O
shock	O
,	O
is	O
called	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SIRS	B-DISO
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
criteria	O
established	O
by	O
American	O
College	O
of	O
Chest	B-ANAT
Physicians	O
(	O
ACCP	O
)/	O
Society	O
of	O
Critical	O
Care	O
Medicine	B-CHED
(	O
SCCM	O
)	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
held	O
in	O
August	O
of	O
1991	O
in	O
Northbrook	O
,	O
IL	O
(	O
USA	O
).	O

Post	O
-	O
mortem	O
examination	O
,	O
carried	O
out	O
on	O
two	O
pups	O
which	O
died	B-PROC
without	O
neurological	O
signs	O
,	O
showed	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
enteritis	B-DISO
,	O
more	O
severe	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
examined	O
pups	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
zinc	B-CHED
metallopeptidase	I-PRGE
angiotensin	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
known	O
human	B-SPEC
homologue	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
regulator	O
of	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE	B-PRGE
).	O

Amongst	O
those	O
,	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
displayed	O
the	O
strongest	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
for	O
operative	O
procedures	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
diseases	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
influence	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

Future	O
research	O
must	O
to	O
include	O
study	O
of	O
genetic	B-PROC
polymorphisms	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
mediators	O
involve	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
disease	O
that	O
caused	O
large	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
several	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
half	O
of	O
2003	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
more	O
than	O
8000	O
people	O
and	O
more	O
than	O
900	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

During	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
body	B-ANAT
of	O
literature	O
rapidly	O
emerged	O
describing	O
the	O
clinical	O
disease	O
,	O
the	O
etiologic	O
viral	O
agent	O
,	O
and	O
management	O
options	O
.	O

Approximately	O
20	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
develop	O
progressive	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
is	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
10	O
%.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
paper	O
is	O
to	O
review	O
new	O
bioterrorist	O
and	O
emerging	O
infectious	O
threats	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
in	O
Ontario	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
propose	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
integrating	O
a	O
telephone	O
-	O
based	O
health	O
information	O
service	O
and	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
triage	O
with	O
a	O
first	O
-	O
line	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
,	O
24	O
-	O
h	O
a	O
day	O
syndrome	B-DISO
surveillance	O
system	O
.	O

This	O
automated	O
system	O
could	O
be	O
beneficial	O
in	O
detecting	O
a	O
bioterrorist	O
threat	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
detecting	O
and	O
monitoring	O
disease	O
outbreaks	O
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
Norwalk	O
,	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
0157	O
or	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
websites	O
of	O
the	O
Ontario	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
and	O
Long	O
-	O
Term	O
Care	O
,	O
Ontario	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Public	O
Safety	O
and	O
Security	O
,	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Canadian	O
Population	O
and	O
Public	O
Health	O
Branch	B-ANAT
of	I-ANAT
Health	O
Canada	O
were	O
searched	O
for	O
articles	O
relating	O
to	O
bioterrorism	O
and	O
syndromic	O
surveillance	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Real	O
-	O
time	O
syndrome	B-DISO
surveillance	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
means	O
of	O
detecting	O
disease	O
outbreaks	O
or	O
possibly	O
acts	O
of	O
bioterrorism	O
at	O
the	O
first	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
healthcare	O
system	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Organophosphates	O
may	O
cause	O
serious	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
conditions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
an	O
initial	O
acute	O
cholinergic	B-DISO
crisis	I-DISO
and	O
intermediate	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
observation	O
has	O
some	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
pathogenicity	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
does	O
induce	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
and	O
might	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
effect	O
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
severe	O
damage	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
CoV	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
emerging	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
infected	O
people	O
.	O

By	O
Western	O
blotting	O
,	O
97	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
whereas	O
only	O
47	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Immunoblotting	O
was	O
useful	O
for	O
detecting	O
the	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Children	O
<	O
18	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
site	O
outbreak	O
,	O
who	O
satisfied	O
a	O
clinical	O
case	O
definition	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
subsequent	O
serologic	O
confirmation	O
,	O
were	O
treated	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
standard	O
protocol	O
and	O
prospectively	O
monitored	O
.	O

Radiographic	O
findings	O
were	O
nonspecific	O
,	O
but	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
computed	O
tomography	O
of	O
the	O
thorax	B-ANAT
was	O
an	O
early	O
diagnostic	B-CHED
aid	I-CHED
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
besides	O
basic	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
disease	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
vasodilators	O
is	O
a	O
valuable	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
to	O
decrease	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
afterload	O
,	O
but	O
intravenous	O
vasodilators	O
may	O
provoke	O
systemic	O
arterial	B-ANAT
hypotension	O
and	O
impair	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
due	O
to	O
vasodilation	B-DISO
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
shunt	O
areas	O
.	O

Although	O
effective	O
in	O
experimental	O
studies	O
no	O
clear	O
recommendation	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
in	O
view	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
other	O
vasodilators	O
such	O
as	O
phosphodiesterase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
or	O
endothelin	O
antagonists	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
develop	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
kit	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)-	O
related	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
based	O
on	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
and	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
to	O
estimate	O
its	O
specificity	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
.	O

The	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
kit	B-FUNC
in	O
different	O
clinical	O
samples	O
was	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
genome	O
equivalents	O
of	O
recombinant	O
SARS	B-DISO
RNA	O
in	O
1	O
ml	O
of	O
the	O
specimen	O
.	O

The	O
kit	B-FUNC
contains	O
reagents	B-CHED
for	O
RNA	O
isolation	O
and	O
purification	O
,	O
cDNA	O
synthesis	B-PROC
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
of	O
RNA	O
,	O
for	O
PCR	O
and	O
for	O
electrophoretic	O
analysis	O
of	O
amplified	O
products	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
specificity	O
of	O
the	O
kit	B-FUNC
was	O
determined	O
using	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
and	O
other	O
bacterial	O
and	O
viral	O
strains	O
,	O
causing	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
and	O
intestinal	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
100	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vaccines	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
:	O
problems	O
and	O
current	O
status	O
.	O

University	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
several	O
examples	O
of	O
strained	O
professional	O
behaviour	B-PROC
witnessed	O
by	O
the	O
participants	O
and	O
these	O
examples	O
highlight	O
aspects	O
of	O
medical	O
professionalism	O
that	O
medical	O
educators	O
and	O
professional	O
organisations	O
should	O
address	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
personal	O
safety	O
and	O
duty	O
of	O
care	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
14	O
attending	O
physicians	O
,	O
four	O
became	O
ill	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
frequent	O
neurological	B-DISO
complication	I-DISO
of	O
inorganic	O
arsenic	B-CHED
intoxication	O
is	O
a	O
distal	O
symmetrical	O
polyneuropathy	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
developed	O
a	O
systemic	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
followed	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
arsenic	B-CHED
toxicity	O
was	O
made	O
.	O

First	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
followed	O
by	O
increasing	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
article	O
provides	O
a	O
summary	O
of	O
our	O
work	O
with	O
such	O
cytokines	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
attempts	O
to	O
define	O
optimum	O
dosing	O
schedules	O
that	O
lead	O
to	O
optimal	O
primary	O
and	O
lasting	O
memory	B-PROC
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outcome	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
using	O
a	O
standard	O
treatment	O
protocol	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Occult	O
pneumomediastinum	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
presenting	O
as	O
recurrent	O
chest	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
ECG	O
changes	O
mimicking	O
acute	O
coronary	O
syndrome	O
.	O

She	O
developed	O
progressive	O
subcutaneous	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
a	O
few	O
days	O
later	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
establish	O
a	O
clinical	O
staging	O
system	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
based	O
on	O
clinical	O
feature	O
,	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
dynamic	O
changes	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
images	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
may	O
suggest	O
a	O
new	O
approach	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

All	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
5	O
'-	O
termini	O
and	O
PL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
domains	O
were	O
divergent	O
,	O
unlike	O
the	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
the	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
domains	O
that	O
were	O
highly	O
conserved	O
with	O
28	O
%	O
and	O
48	O
%	O
conserved	O
residues	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
BJ	O
strain	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
different	O
from	O
other	O
IBVs	O
in	O
all	O
four	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
classification	O
based	O
on	O
replicase	B-PRGE
gene	O
domains	O
did	O
not	O
correlate	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
type	O
-	O
specific	O
antigenic	O
groups	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
correlation	O
between	O
the	O
genotype	O
of	O
any	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
pathotype	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
is	O
not	O
the	O
sole	B-ANAT
determinant	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
pathogenicity	O
.	O

Peptides	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
the	O
HR	O
regions	O
of	O
some	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
inhibit	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
interaction	O
with	O
receptor	O
and	O
inducing	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
abundantly	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
infected	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
filtrate	O
as	O
demonstrable	O
by	O
Western	O
blotting	O
using	O
convalescent	O
-	O
phase	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
a	O
sensitive	O
and	O
quantitative	O
antigen	B-CHED
capture	O
ELISA	O
was	O
established	O
for	O
the	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
disease	O
monitoring	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
transmission	O
route	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
clarified	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
immunopathogenesis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
unclear	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
S1	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
in	O
Japan	O
and	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
six	O
patients	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
smoking	O
or	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

As	O
long	O
as	O
no	O
cases	O
of	O
person	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
person	O
disease	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
are	O
reported	O
anywhere	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
efforts	O
should	O
be	O
aimed	O
at	O
early	O
detection	O
and	O
notification	O
of	O
cases	O
and	O
of	O
groups	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
in	O
contact	O
with	O
one	O
another	O
and	O
who	O
have	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
undetermined	O
cause	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
could	O
signal	O
the	O
reemergence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

If	O
cases	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
have	O
been	O
reported	O
,	O
the	O
aim	O
should	O
be	O
to	O
immediately	O
identify	O
and	O
notify	O
any	O
cases	O
detected	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
take	O
appropriate	O
diagnostic	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
measures	O
and	O
to	O
facilitate	O
outbreak	O
control	O
.	O

Physicians	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
workers	O
should	O
be	O
familiar	O
with	O
ways	O
to	O
detect	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
early	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
with	O
existing	O
norms	O
for	O
reporting	O
any	O
cases	O
detected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
express	O
S2	O
protein	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
fused	O
with	O
Trx	O
and	O
then	O
detect	O
its	O
reactivity	O
to	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
Trx	B-PRGE
-	O
S2	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
provides	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
research	O
on	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
and	O
preparation	O
of	O
recombinant	O
vaccine	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
two	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
surveys	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
discharged	O
from	O
our	O
hospital	O
,	O
the	O
changes	O
of	O
CD3	B-PRGE
(+),	I-PRGE
CD4	B-PRGE
(+),	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+),	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD28	I-PRGE
(+),	I-PRGE
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD28	I-PRGE
(-),	I-PRGE
CD3	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD25	I-PRGE
(+),	I-PRGE
CD3	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD69	I-PRGE
(+),	I-PRGE
CD3	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
HLA	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DR	I-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)/	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
treated	O
unitedly	O
with	O
Chinese	O
and	O
Western	O
medicines	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
two	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
surveys	O
,	O
the	O
percentages	O
of	O
CD3	B-PRGE
(+),	I-PRGE
CD4	B-PRGE
(+),	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
CD28	O
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)/	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
remarkably	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
normal	O
values	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
while	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
CD28	O
(-)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
was	O
higher	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
'	O
immune	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
gradually	O
recovers	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
on	O
activation	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
gradually	O
disappears	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
this	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
is	O
effective	O
at	O
boosting	O
lactogenic	O
immunity	B-PROC
and	O
is	O
appropriate	O
to	O
pursue	O
through	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
field	O
trials	O
preceding	O
commercialization	O
.	O

Deletion	O
of	O
a	O
major	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
domain	I-ANAT
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
had	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
S	O
-	O
driven	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
this	O
domain	O
is	O
not	O
important	O
for	O
receptor	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Understanding	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
(	O
CPEs	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
rational	O
approach	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
cellular	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
responses	O
induced	O
by	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
important	O
for	O
understanding	O
the	O
CPEs	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
downstream	O
targets	O
of	O
p38	B-PRGE
MAPK	B-FUNC
,	O
MAPKAPK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
HSP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
27	I-PRGE
,	O
CREB	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
eIF4E	B-PRGE
were	O
phosphorylated	O
in	O
virus	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Identification	O
of	O
a	O
conserved	O
antigenic	B-CHED
determinant	I-CHED
on	O
the	O
S2	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
has	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
inducing	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
has	O
implications	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

Concurrently	O
,	O
splenic	B-ANAT
and	O
myeloid	O
NK1	O
.	O
1	O
+	O
cells	B-COMP
decreased	O
in	O
L2	O
-	O
MHV3	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
15	O
-	O
stimulated	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
from	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
revealed	O
that	O
L2	O
-	O
MHV3	O
induced	O
higher	O
decreases	O
in	O
cell	B-PROC
viability	I-PROC
of	O
NK1	B-PRGE
.	O
1	O
+	O
cells	B-COMP
than	O
the	O
YAC	O
-	O
MHV3	O
variant	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
NK	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
production	O
is	O
impaired	B-DISO
by	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
favouring	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

Whether	O
or	O
not	O
our	O
patients	O
had	O
been	O
suspected	O
of	O
or	O
treated	O
as	O
having	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
was	O
recorded	O
.	O

Three	O
patients	O
refused	O
further	O
chemotherapy	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
fear	O
of	O
getting	O
SARS	B-DISO
if	O
they	O
visited	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
new	O
disease	O
entity	O
that	O
is	O
highly	O
contagious	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Ventilatory	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
severely	O
brain	B-ANAT
-	O
injured	O
patient	O
].	O

One	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
PiCCO	O
monitor	O
,	O
combines	O
arterial	B-ANAT
thermodilution	O
with	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
pulse	B-PROC
waveform	O
,	O
providing	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
parameters	O
useful	O
for	O
managing	O
the	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patient	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
healthcare	O
setting	O
was	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
spread	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
both	O
Toronto	O
and	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
visitors	O
were	O
at	O
increased	O
risk	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Thirty	O
-	O
one	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
occurred	O
after	O
exposure	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
room	O
at	O
the	O
National	O
Taiwan	O
University	O
Hospital	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
characterize	O
genetic	O
variation	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
transmitted	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
Beijing	O
area	O
during	O
the	O
epidemic	O
outbreak	O
of	O
2003	O
,	O
we	O
sequenced	O
29	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
S	O
genes	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
from	O
20	O
hospitalized	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
on	O
our	O
unit	O
,	O
the	O
Beijing	O
302	O
Hospital	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
prospective	O
study	O
on	O
the	O
clinical	O
,	O
radiologic	O
,	O
and	O
hematologic	O
findings	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
National	O
Taiwan	O
University	O
Hospital	O
from	O
March	O
8	O
to	O
June	O
15	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Laboratory	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Nonetheless	O
,	O
given	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
highly	O
transmissible	O
on	O
some	O
occasions	O
,	O
we	O
still	O
recommend	O
strict	O
precautions	O
.	O

This	O
finding	O
suggests	O
that	O
domestic	O
poultry	O
were	O
unlikely	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
reservoir	O
,	O
or	O
associated	O
with	O
dissemination	O
,	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
markets	O
of	O
southern	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Currently	O
,	O
no	O
effective	O
drug	O
exists	O
to	O
treat	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
remaining	O
347	O
case	O
-	O
patients	O
(	O
29	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
had	O
undefined	O
sources	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

From	O
a	O
probabilistic	O
viewpoint	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
theoretically	O
select	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
pairs	O
as	O
potential	O
candidates	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drugs	O
.	O

Tear	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
36	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
suspected	O
of	O
having	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Singapore	O
over	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
12	O
days	O
(	O
7	O
-	O
18	O
April	O
2003	O
),	O
and	O
analysed	O
by	O
PCR	O
using	O
protocols	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
WHO	O
network	O
of	O
laboratories	O
.	O

Three	O
patients	O
with	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
one	O
female	O
and	O
two	O
male	O
patients	O
)	O
had	O
positive	O
results	O
from	O
their	O
tear	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
specimens	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
cases	O
sampled	O
early	O
in	O
their	O
course	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
common	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
activity	O
detection	O
of	O
a	O
variant	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
].	O

We	O
probed	O
these	O
membranes	B-ANAT
with	O
four	O
pairs	O
of	O
acute	O
and	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
recovered	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
.	O

This	O
suggests	O
that	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
epitopes	O
represented	O
by	O
these	O
peptides	B-CHED
could	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
neutralizing	O
activity	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
received	O
steroids	B-CHED
and	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

Three	O
patients	O
had	O
early	O
bilateral	O
AVN	O
of	O
the	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
,	O
four	O
patients	O
of	O
one	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
,	O
five	O
patients	O
of	O
the	O
bilateral	O
hips	B-ANAT
and	O
knees	B-ANAT
,	O
four	O
patients	O
of	O
the	O
ipsilateral	O
hip	B-ANAT
and	O
knees	B-ANAT
,	O
10	O
patients	O
of	O
the	O
knee	B-ANAT
(	O
s	O
),	O
one	O
patient	O
of	O
the	O
right	O
proximal	B-ANAT
fibula	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
one	O
patient	O
of	O
the	O
knees	B-ANAT
and	O
talus	B-ANAT
.	O

Results	O
of	O
hip	B-ANAT
,	O
knee	B-ANAT
and	O
ankle	B-ANAT
plain	O
radiographs	O
were	O
negative	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Twenty	O
-	O
eight	O
patients	O
were	O
identified	O
with	O
AVN	O
,	O
The	O
mean	O
time	O
to	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
AVN	O
was	O
119	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
116	O
days	O
after	O
steroid	B-CHED
use	O
.	O

NOS2	O
-/-	O
animals	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
significantly	O
less	O
physiologic	O
lung	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
and	O
loss	O
of	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
than	O
did	O
WT	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
administration	O
of	O
NO	O
donors	O
,	O
independent	O
of	O
cytokine	O
stimulation	O
,	O
decreased	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
activity	O
and	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
in	O
mouse	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

These	O
results	O
identify	O
S	O
among	O
the	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
as	O
the	O
only	O
significant	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
neutralization	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
protective	O
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
single	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
immunization	O
is	O
highly	O
protective	O
in	O
an	O
experimental	O
animal	B-SPEC
that	O
supports	O
efficient	O
replication	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

The	O
occurence	O
of	O
hypencapnia	O
or	O
CO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
retention	B-PROC
and	O
was	O
accompanied	O
by	O
myalgias	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
NPPV	O
is	O
a	O
feasible	O
and	O
appropriate	O
treatment	O
for	O
ARF	B-DISO
occurring	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
recognition	O
of	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
provision	O
of	O
food	O
in	O
these	O
circumstances	O
and	O
the	O
serious	O
clinical	O
consequences	O
,	O
generally	O
heartbeat	B-PROC
disorders	O
,	O
has	O
led	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
to	O
be	O
described	O
as	O
""""	O
re	O
-	O
feeding	O
syndrome	B-DISO
"""."	O

With	O
appropriate	O
protection	O
measures	O
,	O
hemodialysis	O
was	O
performed	O
in	O
a	O
dedicated	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
isolation	O
ward	O
,	O
while	O
PD	O
was	O
continued	O
as	O
intermittent	O
PD	O
.	O

With	O
appropriate	O
protective	O
measures	O
,	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
could	O
be	O
safely	O
performed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
two	O
homology	O
models	O
(	O
denoted	O
as	O
MproST	O
and	O
MproSH	O
)	O
of	O
main	O
proteinase	O
(	O
Mpro	B-PROC
)	O
from	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
were	O
constructed	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
Mpro	B-PROC
from	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
(	O
MproT	O
)	O
and	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
HcoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
MproH	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

Patients	O
in	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
group	O
had	O
a	O
shorter	O
hospital	O
stay	O
(	O
p	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
lower	O
mortality	O
(	O
p	O
0	O
.	O
049	O
)	O
than	O
the	O
comparator	O
group	O
.	O

We	O
showed	O
that	O
niclosamide	O
,	O
an	O
existing	O
antihelminthic	O
drug	O
,	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
inhibit	O
replication	O
of	O
a	O
newly	O
discovered	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
;	O
viral	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
synthesis	B-PROC
was	O
totally	O
abolished	O
at	O
a	O
niclosamide	O
concentration	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
56	O
microM	O
,	O
as	O
revealed	O
by	O
immunoblot	O
analysis	O
.	O

We	O
examined	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
46	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
40	O
patients	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
38	O
healthy	O
individuals	O
,	O
by	O
use	O
of	O
Western	O
blotting	O
(	O
WB	O
),	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunoassay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
),	O
and	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
,	O
using	O
both	O
native	O
and	O
bacterially	O
produced	O
antigens	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Almost	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
subjects	O
without	O
SARS	B-DISO
had	O
no	O
antinucleocapsid	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Some	O
newborn	O
infants	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
developed	O
severe	O
intrauterine	B-DISO
growth	B-PROC
retardation	I-DISO
and	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

Young	O
children	O
(<	O
12	O
years	O
),	O
in	O
general	O
,	O
run	O
a	O
less	O
aggressive	B-DISO
clinical	O
course	O
than	O
do	O
teenage	O
and	O
adult	O
patients	O
.	O

Transcription	B-PROC
and	O
translation	B-PROC
of	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
Northern	O
blot	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
analyses	O
in	O
transgenic	O
plantlets	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
generated	O
in	O
this	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
show	O
that	O
administration	O
of	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
might	O
offer	O
a	O
feasible	O
and	O
effective	O
prophylaxis	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
.	O

U122	O
is	O
localized	O
to	O
the	O
perinuclear	O
region	O
of	O
both	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
and	O
transfected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
colocalized	O
with	O
ER	O
and	O
intermediate	O
compartment	B-ANAT
markers	O
.	O

The	O
efficiency	O
of	O
incorporation	O
of	O
the	O
chimeric	O
protein	B-CHED
into	O
particles	O
was	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
reduced	O
relative	O
to	O
that	O
in	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
particles	O
which	O
may	O
explain	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
the	O
reduced	O
infectivity	O
produced	O
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
SGFP	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
the	O
incorporation	O
of	O
spikes	O
carrying	O
the	O
large	O
GFP	O
moiety	O
is	O
apparently	O
impaired	B-DISO
by	O
geometrical	O
constraints	O
and	O
selected	O
against	O
during	O
the	O
assembly	O
of	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
cause	O
was	O
determined	O
as	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
),	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
CoV	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	B-SPEC
),	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
,	O
plus	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
RNA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
receptor	O
by	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
microglia	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
the	O
mouse	O
hepatitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
receptor	O
within	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
has	O
been	O
elusive	O
.	O

Receptor	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
on	O
microglia	B-ANAT
was	O
reduced	O
during	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
restored	O
following	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
virus	B-SPEC
control	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
replicase	O
gene	O
-	O
encoded	O
nonstructural	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
13	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp13	O
)	O
contains	O
an	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
zinc	B-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
and	O
a	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
superfamily	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
.	O

However	O
,	O
mortality	O
remains	O
high	O
in	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
despite	O
newer	O
treatment	O
modalities	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
infect	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
intestine	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
tissue	B-ANAT
responses	O
in	O
these	O
two	O
organs	B-ANAT
are	O
different	O
.	O

Remarkably	O
,	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
express	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
to	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
,	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
infected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
There	O
is	O
also	O
evidence	O
that	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
without	O
detectable	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
may	O
also	O
be	O
infected	O
by	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
are	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
complications	O
after	O
pneumonectomy	O
carrying	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Titre	O
increases	O
were	O
seen	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
D274	O
(	O
one	O
control	O
flock	O
)	O
and	O
O	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
rhinotracheale	I-SPEC
(	O
one	O
control	O
and	O
one	O
colibacillosis	B-DISO
flock	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
method	O
is	O
described	O
for	O
enabling	O
safe	O
transit	O
of	O
denatured	O
virus	B-SPEC
samples	O
for	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
identification	O
without	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
unwanted	O
viable	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Egg	B-ANAT
:	O
embryo	B-ANAT
weight	O
ratio	O
as	O
an	O
indicator	B-CHED
of	O
dwarfism	B-DISO
induced	O
by	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
eggs	O
and	O
the	O
respective	O
embryos	B-ANAT
were	O
weighed	O
and	O
embryo	B-ANAT
:	O
egg	B-ANAT
weight	O
(	O
EE	O
)	O
ratios	O
were	O
calculated	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
genotype	O
of	O
nephropathogenic	O
IBV	B-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
vaccinated	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
vaccinated	O
flocks	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
High	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
improves	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
while	O
providing	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
effects	O
during	O
the	O
ventilation	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Of	O
>	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
agents	O
tested	O
,	O
approximately	O
50	O
compounds	O
were	O
found	O
active	O
at	O
10	O
microM	O
;	O
among	O
these	O
compounds	O
,	O
two	O
are	O
existing	O
drugs	O
(	O
Reserpine	B-CHED
13	O
and	O
Aescin	O
5	O
)	O
and	O
several	O
are	O
in	O
clinical	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
50	O
active	O
compounds	O
were	O
tested	O
again	O
,	O
and	O
compounds	O
2	O
-	O
6	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
and	O
13	O
showed	O
active	O
at	O
3	O
microM	O
.	O
The	O
50	O
%	O
inhibitory	O
concentrations	O
for	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
(	O
EC	O
(	O
50	O
))	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
growth	B-PROC
(	O
CC	O
(	O
50	O
))	O
were	O
then	O
measured	O
and	O
the	O
selectivity	O
index	O
(	O
SI	O
=	O
CC	O
(	O
50	O
)/	O
EC	O
(	O
50	O
))	O
was	O
determined	O
.	O

Additional	O
studies	O
were	O
carried	O
out	O
to	O
further	O
understand	O
the	O
mode	O
of	O
action	O
of	O
some	O
active	O
compounds	O
,	O
including	O
ELISA	O
,	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
,	O
immunofluorescence	O
and	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
assays	O
,	O
and	O
inhibition	B-PROC
against	O
the	O
3CL	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
and	O
viral	O
entry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
seroprevalence	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
cohorts	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
with	O
subclinical	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
medical	O
wards	O
was	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
3	O
of	O
131	O
HCWs	O
)	O
and	O
0	O
%	O
(	O
0	O
of	O
192	O
HCWs	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

Rates	O
for	O
clinical	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
among	O
742	O
HCWs	O
on	O
these	O
wards	O
were	O
highest	O
among	O
nurses	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
and	O
health	O
care	O
assistants	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
indicating	O
that	O
these	O
occupations	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
risks	O
for	O
exposure	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
provides	O
a	O
brief	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
surveillance	O
,	O
viral	O
causes	O
and	O
current	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
viruses	B-SPEC
causing	O
ILI	O
.	O

Nucleotide	B-CHED
acid	O
sequence	O
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
isolate	O
SC021202	O
was	O
further	O
sequenced	O
and	O
analysed	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
pathogenicity	O
experiment	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
related	O
gross	O
lesions	O
resembling	O
those	O
of	O
field	O
outbreak	O
were	O
reproduced	O
and	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolate	O
SC021202	O
was	O
re	O
-	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
infected	O
chicken	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
prepared	O
from	O
whole	O
virus	B-SPEC
induces	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Results	O
from	O
simple	O
factor	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
jobs	O
which	O
dealing	O
with	O
domestic	O
livestock	O
,	O
wild	O
livestock	O
,	O
wild	O
animals	O
,	O
aquatics	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Job	O
that	O
dealing	O
with	O
palm	B-ANAT
civets	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
main	O
risk	O
factor	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
market	O
workers	O
.	O

Methods	O
as	O
television	O
,	O
radio	B-CHED
,	O
newspapers	O
,	O
magazines	O
,	O
printing	O
and	O
distribution	O
of	O
specific	O
materials	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
included	O
,	O
and	O
hotlines	O
of	O
telephone	O
and	O
mobile	O
phone	O
,	O
web	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
sites	O
,	O
electronic	O
screening	O
advertisements	O
,	O
and	O
consultation	O
or	O
forum	O
for	O
the	O
public	O
etc	O
.	O
were	O
used	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
'	O
Beijing	O
clinical	O
database	O
'	O
on	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
:	O
its	O
design	O
,	O
process	O
,	O
quality	O
control	O
and	O
evaluation	O
].	O

The	O
database	O
was	O
designed	O
by	O
specialists	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
organization	O
of	O
the	O
Beijing	O
Commanding	O
Center	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
Treatment	O
and	O
Cure	O
,	O
including	O
686	O
data	O
items	O
in	O
six	O
sub	O
-	O
databases	O
:	O
primary	O
medical	O
-	O
care	O
seeking	O
,	O
vital	O
signs	O
,	O
common	O
symptoms	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
signs	I-DISO
,	O
treatment	O
,	O
laboratory	O
and	O
auxiliary	O
test	O
,	O
and	O
cost	O
.	O

A	O
series	O
of	O
procedures	O
had	O
been	O
taken	O
before	O
the	O
database	O
was	O
finally	O
established	O
which	O
included	O
programmed	O
logic	O
checking	O
,	O
digit	O
-	O
by	O
-	O
digit	B-ANAT
check	O
on	O
5	O
%	O
random	O
sample	O
,	O
data	O
linkage	B-PROC
for	O
transferred	O
cases	O
,	O
coding	O
of	O
characterized	O
information	O
,	O
database	O
structure	O
standardization	O
,	O
case	O
reviewe	O
by	O
computer	O
program	O
according	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
Clinical	O
Diagnosis	O
Criteria	O
issued	O
by	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
,	O
and	O
exclusion	O
of	O
unqualified	O
patients	O
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
completion	O
rate	O
was	O
73	O
%	O
-	O
100	O
%	O
in	O
primary	O
medical	O
-	O
care	O
seeking	O
,	O
90	O
%	O
in	O
common	O
symptoms	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
signs	I-DISO
,	O
100	O
%	O
for	O
treatment	O
,	O
98	O
%	O
for	O
temperature	O
,	O
90	O
%	O
for	O
pulse	B-PROC
,	O
100	O
%	O
for	O
outcomes	O
and	O
98	O
%	O
for	O
costs	O
in	O
hospital	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Relationship	O
between	O
the	O
severity	O
,	O
course	O
,	O
fatality	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
and	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
].	O

The	O
average	O
numbers	O
of	O
abnormal	O
lung	B-ANAT
field	I-ANAT
(	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
were	O
divided	O
into	O
6	O
fields	O
)	O
were	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
);	O
The	O
numbers	O
of	O
cases	O
receiving	O
continuous	O
oxygen	B-CHED
supply	O
treatment	O
were	O
33	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
50	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
53	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
74	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
numbers	O
of	O
cases	O
receiving	O
glucocorticosteroids	O
treatment	O
were	O
28	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
35	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
53	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
62	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
APN	B-PRGE
/	O
CD13	B-PRGE
/	O
ANPEP	B-PRGE
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
receptor	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
229E	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
warrants	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
to	O
treat	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Two	O
organic	O
NO	O
donor	B-CHED
compounds	O
,	O
S	O
-	O
nitroso	B-CHED
-	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylpenicillamine	I-CHED
(	O
SNAP	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
sodium	B-CHED
nitroprusside	I-CHED
(	O
SNP	O
),	O
were	O
tested	O
in	O
a	O
broad	O
range	O
of	O
concentrations	O
.	O

No	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
effect	O
could	O
be	O
detected	O
for	O
SNP	O
and	O
NAP	B-PROC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
survival	O
rate	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
greatly	O
increased	O
by	O
the	O
treatment	O
with	O
SNAP	B-FUNC
,	O
and	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
this	O
compound	O
needed	O
to	O
inhibit	O
the	O
viral	B-DISO
cytopathic	I-DISO
effect	I-DISO
to	O
50	O
%	O
was	O
222	O
microM	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
selectivity	O
index	O
of	O
3	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
preliminarily	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
assay	O
could	O
efficiently	O
detect	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
from	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
probable	O
and	O
suspected	O
patients	O
identified	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Antibody	B-COMP
from	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
normal	O
human	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
,	O
is	O
also	O
shown	O
to	O
specifically	O
compete	O
off	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
mAbs	O
to	O
whole	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
These	O
studies	O
highlight	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
using	O
standardised	O
assays	O
and	O
reagents	B-CHED
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
)	O
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
determined	O
by	O
enzyme	O
linked	O
immunoadsorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
).	O

The	O
absorbance	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
value	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
ranged	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
81	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
06	O
in	O
patients	O
after	O
half	O
an	O
year	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
onset	O
,	O
and	O
form	O
0	O
.	O
79	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
01	O
in	O
patients	O
before	O
half	O
an	O
year	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
onset	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
A	O
value	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
in	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
convalescent	O
patients	O
tended	O
to	O
elevate	O
in	O
half	O
an	O
year	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
onset	O
.	O

Since	O
then	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
body	B-ANAT
of	O
research	O
on	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
published	O
;	O
the	O
most	O
updated	O
developments	O
are	O
summarized	O
here	O
.	O

For	O
IgA	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
median	O
OD450	O
turned	O
positive	O
at	O
day	O
17	O
,	O
peaked	O
at	O
about	O
day	O
50	O
,	O
and	O
fell	O
to	O
below	O
the	O
baseline	O
level	O
at	O
about	O
day	O
180	O
.	O

One	O
,	O
four	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
six	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
did	O
not	O
produce	O
any	O
IgG	B-PRGE
,	O
IgM	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
against	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
although	O
these	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
in	O
all	O
six	O
patients	O
by	O
the	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
.	O

The	O
assay	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
with	O
hyperimmune	O
polyclonal	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
from	O
guinea	B-SPEC
pigs	I-SPEC
and	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
recombinant	O
His	O
(	O
6	O
)-	O
tagged	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Cells	B-COMP
derived	O
from	O
three	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
monkey	B-SPEC
were	O
susceptible	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
produced	O
differed	O
by	O
4	O
log	O
(	O
10	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
simultaneous	O
multigene	O
DNA	O
sequencing	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
identity	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
genome	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
DNA	O
sequencing	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
impractical	O
to	O
sequence	O
the	O
entire	O
29	O
-	O
kb	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
on	O
a	O
routine	O
basis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Health	O
care	O
facilities	O
need	O
to	O
review	O
their	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
plans	O
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
the	O
possible	O
resurgence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
other	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
,	O
familiar	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
such	O
as	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
bioterrorist	O
threats	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Passive	O
serotherapy	O
can	O
confer	O
immediate	O
protection	O
against	O
microbial	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
methods	O
to	O
rapidly	O
generate	O
human	B-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
are	O
not	O
yet	O
available	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potent	O
and	O
selective	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
by	O
aurintricarboxylic	O
acid	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
instigated	O
regional	O
epidemics	O
in	O
Canada	O
and	O
several	O
Asian	O
countries	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
newly	O
identified	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
among	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
cause	O
severe	O
or	O
even	O
fatal	O
illnesses	O
.	O

As	O
preventive	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
takes	O
years	O
to	O
complete	O
and	O
adverse	O
reactions	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
some	O
veterinary	O
coronaviral	O
vaccines	O
,	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
compounds	O
must	O
be	O
relentlessly	O
pursued	O
.	O

When	O
a	O
protocol	O
is	O
placed	O
in	O
a	O
government	O
forum	O
for	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
public	O
has	O
a	O
unique	O
opportunity	O
to	O
debate	O
the	O
balancing	B-PROC
of	O
research	O
risks	O
and	O
benefits	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
children	O
who	O
are	O
unable	O
to	O
assent	O
to	O
research	O
themselves	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
express	O
views	O
about	O
vaccination	O
policy	O
broadly	O
.	O

Nineteen	O
patients	O
who	O
recovered	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

Glycocorticosteroid	O
and	O
Chinese	O
herbal	O
medicine	B-CHED
treatments	O
could	O
promote	O
the	O
recovery	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
profile	O
,	O
rationally	O
use	O
of	O
them	O
is	O
the	O
effective	O
therapeutic	O
method	O
.	O

These	O
issues	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
addressed	O
in	O
case	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
becomes	O
more	O
widespread	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
.	O

The	O
combination	O
of	O
these	O
gel	O
-	O
base	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
gel	O
methods	O
provides	O
fast	B-FUNC
and	O
complimentary	O
approaches	O
to	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
proteome	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Common	O
laboratory	O
features	O
include	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
raised	O
alanine	B-CHED
transaminases	O
,	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
could	O
induce	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
steroids	B-CHED
may	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
decrease	O
of	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
some	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Clinical	O
studies	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
iNO	O
with	O
other	O
interventions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
prone	O
positioning	O
,	O
yielded	O
beneficial	O
and	O
additive	O
effects	O
on	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
peptides	B-CHED
from	O
S1	O
domain	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Cov	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
were	O
synthesized	O
by	O
peptide	B-CHED
synthesizer	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
immunological	O
reaction	O
of	O
the	O
peptides	B-CHED
with	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
examined	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
ELISA	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
did	O
not	O
produce	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
on	O
LoVo	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

A	O
new	O
,	O
modified	O
point	O
of	O
care	O
(	O
POC	O
)	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
(	O
ZstatFlu	O
)	O
was	O
assessed	O
on	O
469	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
(	O
NPAs	O
)	O
and	O
260	O
nose	B-ANAT
/	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
(	O
TS	O
)	O
taken	O
from	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
.	O

48	O
siRNA	O
sequences	O
were	O
designed	O
for	O
targeting	B-PROC
regions	O
throughout	O
entire	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
RNA	O
including	O
open	O
-	O
reading	O
frames	O
for	O
several	O
key	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
RSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
sought	O
by	O
PCR	O
in	O
all	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
compared	O
to	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
and	O
culture	O
in	O
two	O
studies	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
21	O
acute	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
'	O
s	O
,	O
1	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
1	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
and	O
2	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
cases	O
were	O
detected	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
1	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
1	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
3	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
4	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
cases	O
in	O
the	O
11	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illnesses	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

There	O
were	O
6	O
bacterial	O
-	O
associated	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
4	O
were	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
.	O

We	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
pseudotype	O
murine	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
with	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
produce	O
SARS	B-DISO
pseudoviruses	O
.	O

Our	O
predictions	O
against	O
experimental	O
data	O
from	O
four	O
melanoma	B-PATH
-	O
related	O
proteins	B-CHED
showed	O
that	O
MULTIPRED	O
ANN	O
and	O
HMM	B-CHED
models	O
could	O
predict	O
T	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
with	O
high	O
accuracy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Advancements	O
in	O
the	O
battle	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Quantitative	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
in	O
excreta	O
and	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
washing	O
fluid	O
from	O
convalescence	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
].	O

No	O
significant	O
difference	O
was	O
found	O
among	O
urine	B-ANAT
,	O
stool	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
OWF	O
on	O
the	O
difference	O
grade	O
quantity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
quantity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
Europe	O
,	O
hantavirus	O
infections	O
usually	O
present	O
as	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
with	I-DISO
renal	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
its	O
mild	O
form	O
nephropathia	B-DISO
epidemica	I-DISO
,	O
while	O
clinical	O
cases	O
with	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
affections	O
are	O
extremely	O
rare	O
and	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
confined	O
to	O
infections	B-DISO
by	O
New	O
World	O
hanta	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Americas	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mandatory	O
temperature	O
monitoring	O
in	O
schools	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
temperature	O
monitoring	O
was	O
mandatory	O
for	O
all	O
Singapore	O
schoolchildren	O
.	O

Cases	O
and	O
controls	O
were	O
matched	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
sex	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
timing	O
of	O
contracting	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
status	O
and	O
underlying	O
illness	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
three	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
pregnant	O
group	O
,	O
whereas	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
pregnant	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
).	O

The	O
cumulative	O
30	O
-	O
and	O
150	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
rates	O
were	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
and	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
young	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
56	O
%	O
and	O
60	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
older	O
patients	O
(	O
P	O
<.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
collected	O
from	O
healthy	O
donors	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
convalescence	O
.	O

The	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
concentration	O
was	O
increased	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
was	O
significantly	O
elevated	O
in	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
concentrations	O
were	O
similar	O
in	O
convalescent	O
patients	O
and	O
control	O
subjects	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
positive	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
serum	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
concentration	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
severity	O
.	O

The	O
concentrations	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
and	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
were	O
decreased	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
in	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
were	O
comparable	O
in	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
control	O
subjects	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
negative	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
and	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
concentrations	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
severity	O
.	O

Post	O
-	O
mortem	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
from	O
19	O
of	O
20	O
patients	O
with	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
positive	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
the	O
GDP	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
phageborne	O
peptides	B-CHED
had	O
4	O
consensus	O
motifs	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
2	O
corresponded	O
to	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
reported	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

On	O
each	O
radiograph	O
,	O
each	O
lung	B-ANAT
was	O
separated	O
into	O
upper	O
,	O
middle	O
,	O
and	O
lower	O
zones	O
.	O

Survival	O
and	O
mortality	O
groups	O
showed	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
patient	O
sex	O
,	O
duration	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
related	O
lesions	O
,	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
lesion	O
shifting	O
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
estimated	O
that	O
admission	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
to	O
the	O
unit	O
would	O
result	O
in	O
a	O
20	O
%	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
cumulative	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
outpatients	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
during	O
a	O
180	O
-	O
day	O
interval	O
after	O
admission	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
to	O
the	O
unit	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
cumulative	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
outpatients	O
increased	O
by	O
7	O
%	O
after	O
they	O
read	O
the	O
information	O
.	O

Cg	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Foxn1	I-PRGE
(	O
nu	O
)/	O
Foxn1	B-PRGE
(	O
nu	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pulmonis	I-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
Wistar	B-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
were	O
immunolabelled	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
sections	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
called	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
that	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
primarily	O
through	O
droplets	O
of	O
saliva	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
is	O
possible	O
only	O
if	O
a	O
suspected	O
case	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
correctly	O
and	O
promptly	O
identified	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
a	O
fully	O
effective	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
cross	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
risk	O
will	O
be	O
obtained	O
only	O
by	O
adopting	O
a	O
correct	O
,	O
integrated	O
use	O
of	O
different	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
procedures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
spectrum	O
of	O
pathological	O
changes	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

One	O
case	O
showed	O
superimposed	O
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
predominant	O
pathological	B-DISO
process	I-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
and	O
,	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
die	O
from	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
evidence	O
of	O
organization	O
and	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
aggregated	O
labeling	O
of	O
CD13	B-PRGE
colocalized	O
with	O
caveolin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
in	O
most	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
six	O
mutations	O
are	O
scattered	O
throughout	O
the	O
genome	O
and	O
give	O
rise	O
to	O
only	O
two	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
:	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
(	O
I958F	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
in	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
V81A	O
).	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
HCoV	O
may	O
share	O
several	O
important	O
functional	O
properties	O
and	O
that	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
may	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
biology	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
HCoV	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
level	O
three	O
biological	O
facilities	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Stress	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
impact	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
39	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
30	O
)	O
were	O
infected	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
;	O
these	O
individuals	O
reported	O
significantly	O
more	O
fatigue	B-DISO
and	O
worries	O
about	O
health	O
than	O
did	O
other	O
patients	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Stress	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
than	O
in	O
healthy	O
control	O
subjects	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
quantify	O
stress	O
and	O
the	O
psychological	O
impact	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
on	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
).	O

Stress	O
levels	O
were	O
raised	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
(	O
PSS	B-DISO
=	O
18	O
)	O
but	O
were	O
not	O
relatively	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
HCWs	O
.	O

In	O
HCWs	O
,	O
adaptive	O
responses	O
to	O
stress	O
and	O
the	O
positive	O
effects	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
training	O
may	O
be	O
protective	O
in	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
We	O
evaluated	O
271	O
HCWs	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
units	O
and	O
342	O
healthy	O
control	O
subjects	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
Perceived	O
Stress	O
Scale	O
(	O
PSS	B-DISO
)	O
to	O
assess	O
stress	O
levels	O
and	O
a	O
structured	O
list	O
of	O
putative	O
psychological	B-DISO
effects	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
assess	O
its	O
psychological	B-DISO
effects	O
.	O

HCWs	O
declared	O
confidence	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
control	O
measures	O
.	O

To	O
assess	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
stress	O
and	O
its	O
immediate	O
psychological	B-DISO
impact	O
and	O
responses	O
among	O
health	O
workers	O
.	O

Health	O
workers	O
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
hospital	O
affected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
invited	O
to	O
complete	O
a	O
questionnaire	O
designed	O
to	O
evaluate	O
exposure	O
experience	O
,	O
psychological	B-DISO
impact	O
and	O
psychiatric	O
morbidity	O
.	O

Neutralizing	O
viral	O
antibodies	O
were	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
symptoms	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Anti	O
-	O
viral	O
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
nucleocaspid	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
observed	O
in	O
13	O
of	O
14	O
patients	O
at	O
14	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
all	O
14	O
patients	O
at	O
30	O
-	O
210	O
days	O
thereafter	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
SCoV	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
critical	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
responsible	O
for	O
virion	B-COMP
envelope	B-COMP
morphogenesis	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
conclusively	O
show	O
that	O
SCoV	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
contains	O
an	O
unusually	O
short	O
,	O
palindromic	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
helical	O
hairpin	O
around	O
a	O
previously	O
unidentified	O
pseudo	O
-	O
center	O
of	O
symmetry	O
,	O
a	O
structural	O
feature	O
which	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
unique	O
to	O
SCoV	O
.	O
The	O
hairpin	O
deforms	O
lipid	B-ANAT
bilayers	I-ANAT
by	O
way	O
of	O
increasing	O
their	O
curvature	O
,	O
providing	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
a	O
molecular	O
explanation	O
of	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
'	O
s	O
pivotal	O
role	O
in	O
viral	O
budding	B-PATH
.	O

An	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
indicated	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
among	O
Serengeti	O
hyenas	B-SPEC
:	O
95	O
%	O
when	O
considering	O
sera	B-COMP
with	O
titer	O
levels	O
of	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
1	O
:	O
10	O
and	O
74	O
%	O
when	O
considering	O
sera	B-COMP
with	O
titer	O
levels	O
of	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
1	O
:	O
40	O
.	O

All	O
three	O
positive	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
from	O
the	O
15	O
juvenile	O
animals	B-SPEC
(<	O
24	O
months	O
of	O
age	O
)	O
sampled	O
,	O
and	O
none	O
from	O
the	O
12	O
adults	O
sampled	O
.	O

For	O
detection	O
of	O
MMVp	O
,	O
the	O
PCR	O
(	O
10	O
(-	O
10	O
)	O
dilution	O
)	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
times	O
more	O
sensitive	O
than	O
the	O
viral	O
plaque	O
assay	O
(	O
10	O
(-	O
4	O
)	O
dilution	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
antibody	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
test	O
on	O
day	O
28	O
(	O
10	O
(-	O
4	O
)	O
dilution	O
)	O
which	O
were	O
equally	O
sensitive	O
.	O

Until	O
recently	O
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
major	O
progresses	O
in	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
clinicians	O
had	O
only	O
a	O
limited	O
therapeutic	O
arsenal	O
.	O

Considerable	O
efforts	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
years	O
to	O
develop	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
interventions	O
to	O
reduce	O
mortality	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Addition	O
of	O
either	O
2x10	O
(-	O
3	O
)	O
M	O
amiloride	B-CHED
or	O
5x10	O
(-	O
4	O
)	O
M	O
ouabain	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
instillation	O
further	O
reduced	O
ALC	O
and	O
increased	O
EVLW	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
during	O
pregnancy	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
incidences	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
miscarriage	B-DISO
,	O
preterm	B-DISO
delivery	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
intrauterine	B-DISO
growth	B-PROC
restriction	I-DISO
.	O

Immunocompromised	O
patients	O
who	O
may	O
silently	O
carry	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
common	O
in	O
rehabilitation	O
and	O
include	O
those	O
with	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
diabetes	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
cancer	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
experiences	O
strongly	O
suggest	O
that	O
rehabilitation	O
institutions	O
should	O
have	O
emergency	B-DISO
preparedness	O
plans	O
because	O
such	O
epidemics	O
may	O
recur	O
,	O
whether	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
nature	O
or	O
of	O
bioterrorism	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
sought	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SCoV	O
)	O
activities	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
(	O
alpha	O
and	O
beta	O
)	O
and	O
type	O
II	O
(	O
gamma	O
)	O
interferons	O
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFNs	I-PRGE
could	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
potential	O
agents	O
for	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
treatment	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
the	O
Gray	O
-,	O
CV56b	O
-,	O
and	O
Wolgemuth	O
-	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
pathological	O
changes	O
in	O
kidneys	O
from	O
chickens	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
Gray	O
and	O
CV56b	O
may	O
not	O
have	O
resulted	O
from	O
the	O
cytolytic	O
action	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
knowledge	O
,	O
attitude	O
and	O
practice	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
of	O
Qatar	O
towards	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
although	O
79	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
subjects	O
claimed	O
to	O
know	O
about	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
only	O
8	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
had	O
accurate	O
knowledge	O
about	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
symptoms	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Half	O
of	O
the	O
subjects	O
said	O
they	O
had	O
gained	O
most	O
of	O
their	O
knowledge	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
through	O
television	O
and	O
radio	B-CHED
programmes	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

The	O
level	O
of	O
knowledge	O
about	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
better	O
among	O
educated	O
subjects	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
single	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
mutation	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
hampers	O
its	O
maturation	O
and	O
incorporation	O
into	O
virions	B-COMP
at	O
the	O
nonpermissive	O
temperature	O
.	O

The	O
complete	O
sequences	O
of	O
wild	O
type	O
(	O
wt	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
two	O
ts	O
mutants	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
revertant	O
were	O
compared	O
and	O
variations	O
linked	O
to	O
phenotypes	O
were	O
mapped	O
.	O

Only	O
two	O
patients	O
with	O
preexisting	O
illnesses	O
had	O
cough	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
same	O
day	O
the	O
fever	B-PROC
began	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
(	O
63	O
%)	O
first	O
developed	O
unifocal	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
at	O
a	O
mean	O
time	O
of	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O

HFOV	O
was	O
discontinued	O
within	O
4	O
h	O
in	O
19	O
patients	O
(	O
12	O
%)	O
because	O
of	O
difficulties	O
with	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
ventilation	O
,	O
or	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
.	O

Pao	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
Fio	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratios	O
and	O
OI	O
([	O
Fio	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
x	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
x	O
100	O
]/	O
Pao	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
))	O
improved	O
significantly	O
with	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
HFOV	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
benefit	O
persisted	O
for	O
the	O
72	O
-	O
h	O
study	O
duration	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
analysis	O
was	O
performed	O
using	O
Cox	O
regression	O
model	O
with	O
death	B-PROC
as	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
interest	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Major	O
genetic	B-PROC
marker	I-PROC
of	O
nidoviruses	B-SPEC
encodes	O
a	O
replicative	O
endoribonuclease	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
major	O
genetic	B-PROC
marker	I-PROC
that	O
discriminates	O
nidoviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
Arteriviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Roniviridae	B-SPEC
)	O
from	O
all	O
other	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
families	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
estimated	O
case	O
fatality	O
rates	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
Singapore	O
and	O
Beijing	O
using	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
admissions	O
,	O
deaths	O
and	O
discharges	B-ANAT
by	O
cure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
know	O
little	O
about	O
the	O
processes	O
that	O
allowed	O
the	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transfer	O
of	O
this	O
previously	O
unknown	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

I	O
discuss	O
what	O
we	O
have	O
learned	B-PROC
about	O
the	O
movement	B-PROC
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
into	O
humans	B-SPEC
from	O
studies	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
both	O
how	O
it	O
crossed	O
from	O
birds	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
how	O
it	O
subsequently	O
evolved	O
within	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

First	O
,	O
I	O
present	O
a	O
reanalysis	O
of	O
data	O
used	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
swine	B-SPEC
served	O
as	O
a	O
""""	O
mixing	O
vessel	B-ANAT
""""	O
or	O
intermediate	O
host	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
1918	O
""""	O
Spanish	O
flu	B-DISO
""""	O
pandemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Confronting	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
view	O
from	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
new	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
man	B-CHED
requires	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
robust	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
in	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
acute	O
illness	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
determine	O
past	O
exposure	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
establish	O
the	O
true	O
burden	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

Developments	O
in	O
the	O
dissection	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
indicate	O
that	O
serological	O
tests	O
on	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
are	O
essential	O
to	O
confirm	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
,	O
given	O
the	O
sub	O
-	O
optimal	O
predictive	O
value	O
of	O
molecular	O
detection	O
tests	O
performed	O
during	O
acute	O
SARS	B-DISO
illness	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
paper	O
reviews	O
current	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
transmission	O
dynamics	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
aetiological	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
experience	O
of	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
as	O
a	O
traumatic	O
stress	O
among	O
frontline	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
in	O
Toronto	O
:	O
lessons	O
learned	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preparedness	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
UK	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

Recent	O
cases	O
confirm	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
has	O
not	O
""""	O
gone	O
away	O
"""."	O

The	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
was	O
lucky	O
that	O
only	O
a	O
small	O
proportion	O
of	O
infected	O
persons	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
to	O
others	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
become	O
so	O
before	O
they	O
felt	O
ill	B-DISO
.	O

Neither	O
transaminase	O
elevation	O
nor	O
HBsAg	O
was	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
only	O
advanced	O
age	O
was	O
an	O
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
poor	O
outcome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hospital	O
preparedness	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
:	O
views	O
from	O
a	O
national	O
survey	O
of	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
consultants	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
survey	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
consultants	O
,	O
90	O
%	O
reported	O
that	O
their	O
health	O
care	O
facilities	O
have	O
plans	O
in	O
place	O
to	O
address	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Sixty	O
-	O
one	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
expressed	B-PROC
some	O
concern	O
about	O
their	O
facility	O
'	O
s	O
preparation	O
and	O
capacity	O
for	O
managing	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
initial	O
frontal	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
of	O
these	O
201	O
patients	O
were	O
assessed	O
in	O
a	O
blinded	O
fashion	O
by	O
3	O
radiologists	O
;	O
individual	O
findings	O
were	O
accepted	O
if	O
at	O
least	O
2	O
of	O
the	O
radiologists	O
concurred	O
.	O

Independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
an	O
adverse	O
outcome	O
,	O
defined	O
as	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
assisted	O
ventilation	O
,	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
or	O
both	O
,	O
were	O
identified	O
by	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
MLV	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
pseudotypes	O
are	O
highly	O
valuable	O
for	O
functional	O
studies	O
of	O
viral	O
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
entry	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
powerful	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
therapeutic	O
entry	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
without	O
posing	O
a	O
biohazard	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
beings	O
.	O

The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
gene	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
/	O
BHK	O
had	O
63	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
and	O
a	O
21	O
-	O
bp	O
insert	O
that	O
encoded	O
56	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
and	O
a	O
7	O
-	O
amino	O
-	O
acid	O
insert	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
parental	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
.	O

Flow	O
cytometry	O
showed	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
bound	O
only	O
to	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
expressed	B-PROC
the	O
murine	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
receptor	I-PRGE
CEACAM1a	I-PRGE
.	O

Education	O
programmes	O
,	O
special	O
services	O
and	O
effective	O
thermal	O
screening	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
chance	O
of	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	O
by	O
air	B-CHED
travellers	O
.	O

Special	O
management	O
protocols	O
and	O
modified	O
measures	O
that	O
regulate	O
droplet	O
and	O
aerosol	O
contamination	O
in	O
a	O
dental	O
setting	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
introduced	O
and	O
may	O
include	O
the	O
reduction	O
or	O
avoidance	O
of	O
droplet	O
/	O
aerosol	O
generation	O
,	O
the	O
disinfection	O
of	O
the	O
treatment	O
field	O
,	O
application	O
of	O
rubber	B-CHED
dam	O
,	O
pre	O
-	O
procedural	O
antiseptic	O
mouthrinse	O
and	O
the	O
dilution	O
and	O
efficient	O
removal	O
of	O
contaminated	O
ambient	O
air	B-CHED
.	O

Disease	O
can	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
around	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
a	O
day	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
medications	O
does	O
not	O
occur	O
at	O
this	O
rate	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
affected	O
people	O
on	O
three	O
continents	O
in	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
days	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
results	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
were	O
significantly	O
getting	O
worsen	O
after	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
receiving	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
(	O
including	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
+	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
prone	O
position	O
+	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
+	O
PEEP	B-CHED
),	O
the	O
indexes	O
were	O
taking	O
a	O
turn	O
to	O
the	O
better	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
We	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
might	O
be	O
caught	O
by	O
the	O
shunt	O
between	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
just	O
like	O
physiological	O
right	O
to	O
left	O
shunt	O
,	O
which	O
caused	O
severe	O
ventilation	O
/	O
perfusion	O
disturbance	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Immunological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
1291	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
].	O

The	O
initial	O
symptom	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
pyrexia	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
temperature	O
was	O
>	O
38	O
degrees	O
C	O
.	O
The	O
natural	O
course	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
was	O
about	O
14	O
days	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
7	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
3	O
recovered	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
4	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Intensified	O
disinfection	O
of	O
surroundings	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
protection	O
for	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
and	O
education	O
for	O
patients	O
in	O
personal	O
hygiene	O
habit	O
may	O
be	O
helpful	O
to	O
prevention	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
hemodialysis	O
units	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
explore	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
corticosteroids	O
(	O
GCS	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
determine	O
how	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
dose	O
of	O
GCS	O
was	O
all	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
that	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
GCS	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
explore	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
Co	O
-	O
V	O
)	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
its	O
RNA	O
in	O
sewage	O
of	O
hospitals	O
administered	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

It	O
provides	O
evidence	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
live	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Cov	O
in	O
the	O
sewage	O
from	O
hospitals	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
though	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
successfully	O
for	O
early	O
,	O
severe	O
reperfusion	O
injury	O
after	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
charts	O
of	O
172	O
patients	O
having	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplants	B-ANAT
at	O
our	O
institution	O
from	O
1997	O
through	O
2002	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
IR	O
thermal	O
imager	O
for	O
mass	O
blind	B-DISO
fever	B-PROC
screening	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Obtaining	O
meaningful	O
temperature	O
for	O
the	O
human	O
body	O
requires	O
identifying	O
a	O
body	B-ANAT
site	I-ANAT
that	O
will	O
provide	O
reliable	O
data	O
across	O
a	O
large	O
population	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
are	O
vital	O
in	O
determining	O
two	O
very	O
important	O
pieces	O
of	O
information	O
:	O
the	O
best	O
and	O
yet	O
practical	O
region	O
on	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
to	O
take	O
readings	O
and	O
optimal	O
pre	O
-	O
set	O
threshold	O
temperature	O
for	O
the	O
thermal	O
imager	O
.	O

We	O
chose	O
aluminum	B-CHED
hydroxide	I-CHED
gel	O
(	O
alum	O
)	O
as	O
an	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
,	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
long	O
safety	O
history	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
use	O
.	O

Several	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
have	O
distinguishing	O
features	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
better	O
delineated	O
on	O
high	O
resolution	O
CT	O
scans	O
than	O
plain	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
.	O

Reversed	O
halo	B-DISO
sign	I-DISO
has	O
a	O
high	O
specificity	O
for	O
cryptogenic	B-DISO
organizing	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
permissive	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
,	O
effects	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
on	O
cellular	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
were	O
analysed	O
using	O
high	O
-	O
density	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
arrays	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
describes	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
rapid	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
a	O
helpdesk	O
service	O
designed	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
immediate	O
needs	O
of	O
relatives	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
as	O
an	O
adjunct	O
to	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
to	O
open	O
up	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
keep	O
these	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
open	O
by	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
adequate	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
).	O

Though	O
several	O
studies	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
responsiveness	O
to	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
marked	O
improvement	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
a	O
concomitant	O
decrease	O
in	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
fraction	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
still	O
remains	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
dispute	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
patients	O
ventilated	O
with	O
a	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
we	O
discuss	O
the	O
pathophysiological	O
background	O
,	O
factors	O
affecting	O
the	O
responsiveness	O
to	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
and	O
their	O
clinical	O
impact	O
in	O
the	O
light	O
of	O
recently	O
published	O
studies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
.	O

APC	B-COMP
regulates	O
the	O
coagulation	B-PROC
system	O
by	O
inactivating	O
the	O
activated	O
form	O
of	O
factors	O
V	O
and	O
VIII	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
S	O
.	O
Tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
plays	O
critical	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
shock	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
by	O
inducing	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
damage	O
through	O
activation	O
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
major	O
function	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
to	O
assemble	O
the	O
RNA	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
gene	O
encoding	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
cloned	O
and	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
,	O
purified	O
,	O
and	O
refolded	O
as	O
shown	O
by	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
H	O
NMR	O
measurement	O
.	O

N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
denatured	O
reversibly	O
at	O
pH	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
either	O
by	O
urea	B-CHED
(	O
with	O
C	O
(	O
m	O
)	O
of	O
2	O
.	O
77	O
M	O
and	O
m	O
value	O
of	O
2	O
.	O
74	O
kcal	O
mol	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
M	O
(-	O
1	O
))	O
or	O
GdmCl	O
(	O
with	O
C	O
(	O
m	O
)	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
46	O
M	O
and	O
m	O
value	O
of	O
4	O
.	O
50	O
kcal	O
mol	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
M	O
(-	O
1	O
)).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
new	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
this	O
century	O
that	O
is	O
unique	O
in	O
its	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
concentration	O
in	O
health	O
care	O
settings	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
psychiatric	O
and	O
posttraumatic	O
morbidities	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
medical	O
staff	O
within	O
a	O
primary	O
health	O
care	O
setting	O
.	O

They	O
assisted	O
with	O
designing	O
and	O
evaluating	O
ventilation	O
modifications	O
for	O
infection	O
control	O
,	O
developed	O
guidelines	O
for	O
converting	O
hospital	O
rooms	O
into	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
isolation	O
rooms	O
,	O
prepared	O
designs	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
conversion	O
of	O
a	O
vacated	O
military	O
facility	O
into	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
screening	O
and	O
observation	O
facility	O
,	O
assessed	O
environmental	O
aspects	O
of	O
dedicated	O
SARS	B-DISO
hospitals	O
,	O
and	O
worked	O
in	O
concert	O
with	O
the	O
Taiwanese	O
to	O
develop	O
hospital	O
ventilation	O
guidelines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
a	O
transmissible	O
infectious	O
disease	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
successfully	O
contained	O
globally	O
by	O
instituting	O
widespread	O
quarantine	O
measures	O
.	O

The	O
129	O
quarantined	O
persons	O
who	O
responded	O
to	O
a	O
Web	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
survey	O
exhibited	O
a	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
psychological	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

Acquaintance	O
with	O
or	O
direct	O
exposure	O
to	O
someone	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	O
was	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
PTSD	B-DISO
and	O
depressive	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Model	O
parameters	O
and	O
outbreak	O
control	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
used	O
uncertainty	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
basic	O
reproductive	B-PROC
number	O
R0	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
role	O
that	O
model	O
parameters	O
play	O
in	O
outbreak	O
control	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
detection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sequence	O
similarity	O
and	O
structural	O
homologies	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
elicited	O
by	O
mouse	O
hepatitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
A59	O
.	O

Results	O
indicated	O
that	O
two	O
homologous	O
peptides	B-CHED
were	O
recognized	O
by	O
most	O
Ab	O
:	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
sequences	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
10	O
)	O
from	O
FAH	B-PRGE
and	O
the	O
nucleocapside	O
,	O
both	O
sharing	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
identity	O
,	O
and	O
sequence	O
2317	O
-	O
2326	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	B-PATH
polymerase	I-PATH
,	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
showing	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
identity	O
with	O
FAH	B-PRGE
11	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
20	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenic	O
role	O
of	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
?	O

These	O
viruses	B-SPEC
illustrate	O
how	O
such	O
agents	O
emerge	O
:	O
by	O
encroaching	O
on	O
previously	O
unvisited	O
habitats	O
(	O
eg	O
,	O
hantaviruses	B-SPEC
),	O
by	O
air	B-CHED
travel	O
(	O
eg	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
by	O
accidental	O
importation	O
(	O
eg	O
,	O
monkeypox	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
create	O
unique	O
risks	O
for	O
anyone	O
who	O
may	O
be	O
exposed	O
.	O

Age	O
65	O
years	O
and	O
older	O
and	O
younger	O
than	O
18	O
years	O
and	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
sputum	B-ANAT
,	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
rhinorrhea	B-DISO
were	O
inversely	O
related	O
to	O
having	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Diminished	O
CD8alpha	O
-	O
DC	O
activation	O
correlated	O
with	O
reduced	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
accompanied	O
by	O
increased	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
10	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
suggesting	O
that	O
CCL3	B-PRGE
contributes	O
to	O
an	O
effective	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
enhancing	O
the	O
T	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
activation	I-PRGE
potential	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
DC	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Celecoxib	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
methemoglobinemia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
meeting	O
included	O
the	O
symposium	O
'	O
Clinical	O
Update	O
on	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Drugs	I-CHED
',	O
plenary	O
sessions	O
dedicated	O
to	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
individual	O
classes	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
,	O
a	O
symposium	O
on	O
new	O
developments	O
surrounding	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
,	O
and	O
three	O
special	O
award	O
lectures	O
,	O
which	O
discussed	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
,	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
viral	O
persistence	O
and	O
drug	B-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
therapy	O
of	O
herpes	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
establish	O
that	O
assembly	O
competence	O
maps	O
to	O
the	O
endodomain	O
of	O
S	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
sufficient	O
to	O
target	O
a	O
heterologous	O
integral	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
for	O
incorporation	O
into	O
MHV	B-SPEC
virions	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replicase	B-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Dual	O
-	O
labeling	O
studies	O
demonstrated	O
colocalization	O
of	O
replicase	O
protein	O
nsp8	O
with	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
and	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
in	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
complexes	O
and	O
also	O
with	O
LC3	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
marker	O
for	O
autophagic	B-COMP
vacuoles	I-COMP
.	O

CEACAM1a	O
functions	O
as	O
an	O
intercellular	O
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	O
,	O
an	O
angiogenic	B-PROC
factor	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
tumor	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
growth	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
.	O

Whereas	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
+/+	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
showed	O
profound	O
liver	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
and	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
demyelination	B-DISO
under	O
these	O
conditions	O
,	O
Ceacam1a	O
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
displayed	O
normal	O
livers	B-ANAT
and	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cords	I-ANAT
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
was	O
recovered	O
from	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
+/+	O
mice	B-SPEC
but	O
not	O
of	O
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
CEACAM1a	O
is	O
the	O
sole	B-ANAT
receptor	O
for	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
in	O
both	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
brain	B-ANAT
and	O
that	O
its	O
deletion	O
from	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
renders	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
completely	O
resistant	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Syndromic	O
surveillance	O
using	O
regional	O
emergency	B-DISO
medicine	B-CHED
internet	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
feasibility	O
and	O
utility	O
of	O
emergency	O
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
syndromic	O
surveillance	O
using	O
a	O
regional	O
emergency	B-DISO
medicine	B-CHED
Internet	O
application	O
to	O
minimize	O
impact	O
on	O
ED	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
staffing	O
.	O

Regional	O
(	O
multi	O
-	O
ED	O
)	O
surveillance	O
was	O
established	O
for	O
2	O
periods	B-PROC
,	O
one	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
profile	O
national	O
sports	O
event	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
during	O
an	O
international	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Counts	O
of	O
patient	O
visits	O
meeting	O
syndrome	B-DISO
criteria	O
and	O
total	O
patient	O
visits	O
were	O
reported	O
daily	O
on	O
the	O
secure	O
regional	O
emergency	B-DISO
medicine	B-CHED
Internet	O
site	O
and	O
downloaded	O
by	O
public	O
health	O
staff	O
.	O

This	O
latter	O
finding	O
markedly	O
changes	O
our	O
concept	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
pathogen	O
interactions	O
and	O
creates	O
a	O
new	O
paradigm	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
such	O
phenomena	O
.	O

The	O
label	B-CHED
was	O
also	O
politically	O
convenient	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
selected	O
pathogens	O
in	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
terrestrial	O
carnivores	B-SPEC
and	O
marine	O
mammals	B-SPEC
in	O
Canada	O
.	O

The	O
only	O
one	O
patient	O
who	O
didn	O
'	O
t	O
take	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
therapy	O
was	O
complementarily	O
treated	O
with	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
herbs	O
through	O
the	O
whole	O
treating	O
procedure	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
obvious	O
advantages	O
of	O
the	O
integrated	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
and	O
western	O
medicine	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Combining	O
the	O
ancient	O
and	O
present	O
literature	O
with	O
the	O
special	O
epidemic	O
patterns	O
,	O
pathological	O
changes	O
and	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
paper	O
discussed	O
the	O
methods	O
of	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
integrated	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
and	O
western	O
medicine	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
some	O
matters	O
needing	O
attention	O
in	O
clinic	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
to	O
prove	O
that	O
tranilast	O
prevents	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
airway	B-ANAT
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
and	O
hypoxemia	O
induced	O
by	O
OA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
find	O
out	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
serologic	O
responses	O
after	O
illness	O
onset	O
and	O
distribution	O
of	O
IgG	O
antibody	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
of	O
transmission	O
chain	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
transmission	O
chain	O
.	O

The	O
chain	O
of	O
transmission	O
could	O
spread	O
to	O
four	O
generations	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
were	O
reduced	O
with	O
increase	O
of	O
generations	O
.	O

The	O
cumulated	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
during	O
days	O
0	O
-	O
7	O
after	O
onset	O
was	O
the	O
same	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
IgG	B-PRGE
.	O
During	O
days	O
8	O
-	O
14	O
,	O
55	O
.	O
17	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
had	O
seroconversion	O
for	O
IgM	B-PRGE
which	O
reached	O
a	O
peak	O
(	O
86	O
.	O
96	O
%)	O
during	O
days	O
21	O
-	O
30	O
.	O

Then	O
the	O
high	O
rate	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
maintained	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
6	O
months	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
More	O
than	O
94	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
could	O
produce	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
when	O
they	O
were	O
infected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Detecting	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
could	O
provide	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
evidence	O
for	O
case	O
confirmation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Difference	O
and	O
significance	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
in	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
between	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
common	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
].	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Sixty	O
-	O
five	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
confirmed	O
to	O
have	O
common	O
type	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
26	O
males	O
and	O
39	O
females	O
,	O
50	O
cases	O
received	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
With	O
or	O
without	O
treatment	O
with	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
lowered	O
CD3	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
CD4	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
CD8	B-ANAT
+	I-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
counts	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
are	O
of	O
very	O
important	O
significance	O
in	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
between	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
common	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Studies	O
on	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
].	O

The	O
decrease	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
occurred	O
in	O
26	O
patients	O
(	O
49	O
.	O
1	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
changes	O
of	O
blood	O
corpuscles	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

Totally	O
43	O
patients	O
(	O
21	O
male	O
and	O
22	O
female	O
,	O
19	O
-	O
74	O
years	O
old	O
age	O
range	O
)	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
of	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
develop	O
leukocytopenia	B-DISO
,	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
and	O
thrombocytopenia	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
period	O
of	O
disease	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
activities	O
of	O
different	O
recombinant	O
human	B-SPEC
interferons	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
system	O
].	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
A	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
whole	O
genome	O
cDNA	O
chip	O
was	O
established	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
pathology	B-DISO
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

The	O
location	O
and	O
semi	O
-	O
quantitative	O
analysis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
tissue	B-ANAT
specimens	O
were	O
studied	O
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
and	O
immunohistochemistry	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
immune	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
including	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
and	O
spleens	B-ANAT
from	O
2	O
autopsy	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
whose	O
disease	O
courses	O
were	O
less	O
than	O
12	O
days	O
showed	O
extensive	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
,	O
reactive	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
/	O
histocyte	B-ANAT
proliferation	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
relative	O
depression	B-DISO
of	O
mononuclear	O
and	O
granulocytic	B-ANAT
clones	O
in	O
the	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrows	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
and	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
biopsy	O
tissue	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
4	O
dead	B-PROC
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
whose	O
clinical	O
course	O
lasted	O
from	O
21	O
to	O
40	O
days	O
presented	O
repairing	B-PROC
changes	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
total	O
of	O
6	O
cases	O
,	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
proliferation	O
were	O
common	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
data	O
of	O
60	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
logistic	O
regression	O
and	O
Cox	O
'	O
s	O
proportional	O
hazards	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
impact	O
on	O
delegates	O
of	O
attending	O
the	O
Canadian	O
Pain	O
Society	O
'	O
s	O
annual	O
meeting	O
in	O
Toronto	O
during	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
crisis	O
in	O
May	O
2003	O
.	O

Data	O
on	O
the	O
physiological	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
imposed	O
by	O
the	O
wearing	O
of	O
N95	O
masks	O
remains	O
limited	O
.	O

ESRD	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
received	O
regular	O
HD	O
at	O
National	O
Taiwan	O
University	O
Hospital	O
between	O
April	O
to	O
June	O
2003	O
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

The	O
fusion	O
core	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
crystallized	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
structure	O
was	O
determined	O
at	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
A	O
of	O
resolution	O
.	O

Drug	O
discovery	O
strategies	O
aimed	O
at	O
inhibiting	O
viral	O
entry	O
by	O
blocking	B-DISO
hairpin	O
formation	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
successfully	O
used	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
inhibitor	B-CHED
development	B-PROC
,	O
may	O
be	O
applicable	O
to	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
structural	O
information	O
provided	O
here	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
On	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
situation	O
in	O
quarantine	O
,	O
natural	O
focal	O
and	O
other	O
infections	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
territory	O
of	O
the	O
Southern	O
Federal	O
District	O
].	O

Special	O
attention	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
""""	O
new	O
and	O
newly	O
returning	O
infections	B-DISO
""","	O
and	O
among	O
them	O
to	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
"("""	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
""")."	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mutational	O
dynamics	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
isolated	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
the	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
for	O
the	O
epidemic	O
of	O
the	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
sequenced	O
complete	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genomes	O
taken	O
from	O
primary	O
human	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
(	O
SIN3408	O
,	O
SIN3725V	O
,	O
SIN3765V	O
),	O
cultured	O
isolates	O
(	O
SIN848	O
,	O
SIN846	O
,	O
SIN842	O
,	O
SIN845	O
,	O
SIN847	O
,	O
SIN849	O
,	O
SIN850	O
,	O
SIN852	O
,	O
SIN3408L	O
),	O
and	O
five	O
consecutive	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
passages	O
(	O
SIN2774_P1	O
,	O
SIN2774_P2	O
,	O
SIN2774_P3	O
,	O
SIN2774_P4	O
,	O
SIN2774_P5	O
)	O
arising	O
from	O
SIN2774	O
isolate	O
.	O

Probable	O
/	O
suspect	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
defined	O
by	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
criteria	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
them	O
died	B-PROC
soon	O
thereafter	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
P	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
or	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
%	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
per	O
transport	B-PROC
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
,	O
EMS	O
providers	O
are	O
at	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
contracting	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
regardless	O
of	O
different	O
perceived	O
levels	O
of	O
risk	O
.	O

Many	O
paramedics	O
developed	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
symptoms	O
without	O
being	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
having	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
dedicated	O
paramedic	O
surveillance	O
and	O
quarantine	O
program	O
provided	O
a	O
useful	O
means	O
to	O
manage	O
the	O
paramedic	O
resource	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
new	O
experimental	O
system	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
microfluidic	O
chip	O
to	O
determine	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

A	O
similar	O
trend	O
was	O
noted	O
for	O
neutralising	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Our	O
recent	O
study	O
indicated	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
induces	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
p38	B-FUNC
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
MAPK	B-FUNC
)	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
and	O
the	O
p38	B-PRGE
MAPK	B-FUNC
inhibitor	B-CHED
partially	O
inhibited	O
its	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
indicated	O
that	O
before	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
,	O
Akt	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
was	O
also	O
activated	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
serine	B-CHED
residue	I-CHED
on	O
Akt	B-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
at	O
least	O
8	O
h	O
postinfection	O
(	O
hpi	B-DISO
),	O
which	O
declined	O
after	O
18	O
hpi	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
threonine	B-CHED
residue	I-CHED
was	O
not	O
phosphorylated	O
.	O

A	O
downstream	O
target	O
of	O
Akt	B-PRGE
,	O
glycogen	B-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
3beta	I-PRGE
(	O
GSK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3beta	I-PRGE
),	O
was	O
slightly	O
phosphorylated	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
activation	O
of	O
Akt	O
was	O
very	O
low	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
murine	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
whether	O
aquaporin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
AQP1	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
lung	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
formation	B-PROC
.	O

Swiss	O
strain	O
mice	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
122	O
)	O
had	O
LPS	B-DISO
(	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
instilled	O
intratracheally	O
(	O
IT	O
),	O
and	O
were	O
then	O
treated	O
with	O
either	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
saline	O
or	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
(	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
day	O
).	O

Mice	B-SPEC
were	O
euthanized	O
at	O
2	O
days	O
and	O
7	O
days	O
after	O
treatment	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
wet	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
dry	O
weight	O
ratio	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
were	O
also	O
measured	O
in	O
the	O
AQP1	B-PRGE
knockout	O
mice	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
)	O
that	O
received	O
IT	O
LPS	B-DISO
(	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
at	O
2	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
although	O
AQP1	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
is	O
decreased	O
after	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
depletion	O
of	O
AQP1	B-PRGE
does	O
not	O
alter	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
lung	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
indicates	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
only	O
20	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
aa	O
)	O
identity	O
with	O
known	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Yet	O
,	O
little	O
sequence	O
homology	O
between	O
the	O
newly	O
identified	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
those	O
previously	O
studied	O
coronaviruses	O
suggests	O
that	O
determination	O
of	O
protein	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
protein	B-CHED
interaction	I-PROC
and	O
identification	O
of	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
such	O
interaction	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
are	O
necessary	O
for	O
the	O
elucidation	O
of	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanism	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
and	O
rationalization	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
therapeutic	O
intervention	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
interaction	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
and	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
takes	O
place	O
in	O
vivo	O
and	O
identified	O
that	O
a	O
stretch	O
of	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
168	O
-	O
208	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
may	O
be	O
critical	O
for	O
such	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
.	O

We	O
tested	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
phosphate	B-CHED
for	O
its	O
antiviral	B-CHED
potential	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
induced	O
cytopathicity	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Different	O
epidemic	O
curves	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
reveal	O
similar	O
impacts	O
of	O
control	O
measures	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
New	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
over	O
the	O
last	O
few	O
years	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
epidemic	O
illness	O
through	O
global	O
migration	B-PROC
.	O

For	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
agrarian	O
economy	O
in	O
southeast	O
Asia	O
enabled	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
reach	B-PROC
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
evolved	O
in	O
rural	O
China	O
and	O
spread	O
worldwide	O
in	O
one	O
season	O
with	O
an	O
approximate	O
10	O
%	O
mortality	O
.	O

Warning	O
of	O
atmospheric	O
conditions	O
favorable	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
improvement	O
in	O
occupational	O
hygiene	O
management	O
is	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
prevention	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

A	O
clinical	O
isolate	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
introduced	O
intranasally	O
replicated	O
transiently	O
to	O
high	O
levels	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
these	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
a	O
peak	O
on	O
day	O
3	O
and	O
clearance	O
by	O
day	O
9	O
postinfection	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
responsible	O
for	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
fusion	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
a	O
major	O
Ag	O
among	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
induces	O
protective	O
Ab	O
responses	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
highly	O
immunogenic	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
immunizations	O
,	O
and	O
contains	O
five	O
linear	O
immunodominant	O
sites	O
(	O
sites	O
I	O
to	O
V	O
)	O
as	O
determined	O
by	O
Pepscan	O
analysis	O
with	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
synthetic	O
peptides	B-CHED
overlapping	O
the	O
entire	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
against	O
the	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
antisera	O
from	O
small	O
animals	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Site	O
IV	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
residues	O
528	O
-	O
635	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
immunodominant	O
epitope	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
MRSA	B-DISO
cross	O
-	O
transmission	O
may	O
be	O
increased	O
if	O
gloves	O
and	O
gowns	O
are	O
worn	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
.	O

In	O
March	O
2002	O
,	O
Esteve	O
and	O
Hemispherx	O
Biopharma	O
entered	O
into	O
a	O
collaborative	O
agreement	O
under	O
which	O
Esteve	O
will	O
be	O
the	O
sole	B-ANAT
distributor	O
of	O
Ampligen	O
in	O
Spain	O
,	O
Portugal	O
and	O
Andorra	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
fatigue	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Empire	O
Health	O
Resources	O
,	O
a	O
healthcare	O
management	O
firm	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
accrual	O
and	O
retention	B-PROC
of	O
patients	O
for	O
HIV	B-DISO
trials	O
,	O
and	O
protocols	O
for	O
trials	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
hepatitis	B-PATH
C	I-PATH
or	O
both	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
hepatitis	B-PATH
C	I-PATH
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
active	O
substance	O
for	O
Ampligen	O
is	O
manufactured	O
by	O
F	O
.	O
H	O
.	O
Faulding	O
Ltd	O
.	O
Clinical	O
treatment	O
programmes	O
for	O
chronic	B-DISO
fatigue	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
other	O
Pacific	O
Rim	O
countries	O
are	O
planned	O
.	O

Ampligen	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
severe	O
chronic	B-DISO
fatigue	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
on	O
a	O
named	O
patient	O
,	O
cost	O
-	O
recovery	O
basis	O
in	O
South	O
Africa	O
.	O

Hemispherx	O
has	O
also	O
developed	O
an	O
oral	B-ANAT
version	O
of	O
the	O
drug	O
(	O
Oragen	O
),	O
which	O
is	O
undergoing	O
preclinical	O
evaluation	O
.	O

In	O
February	O
2001	O
,	O
Hemispherx	O
Biopharma	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
initiating	O
phase	O
II	O
/	O
III	O
trials	O
of	O
Ampligen	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
late	O
-	O
stage	O
,	O
multidrug	O
-	O
resistant	O
strains	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
human	B-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
model	O
system	O
for	O
investigating	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
identification	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
blood	B-ANAT
mononuclear	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
as	O
a	O
direct	O
target	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
the	O
model	O
system	O
described	O
here	O
provides	O
a	O
new	O
insight	O
into	O
disease	O
pathology	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
investigating	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
reliability	O
of	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
sites	O
derived	O
by	O
the	O
molecular	O
modeling	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
computationally	O
predicted	O
values	O
of	O
the	O
relative	O
free	O
energies	O
of	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
for	O
SARS_NP	O
(	O
or	O
hCypA	O
)	O
mutants	O
to	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
hCypA	O
(	O
or	O
SARS_NP	O
)	O
are	O
in	O
good	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
data	O
determined	O
by	O
SPR	O
.	O

As	O
well	O
,	O
1	O
-	O
10	O
microM	O
of	O
each	O
compound	O
inhibited	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
trans	O
-	O
and	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
activity	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3CLpro	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
:	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
in	O
vitro	O
screening	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	O
drugs	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
not	O
only	O
established	O
the	O
quantifiable	O
and	O
reliable	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
measurement	O
of	O
the	O
3CLpro	O
activity	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
characterized	O
the	O
molecular	B-FUNC
interaction	I-FUNC
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
with	O
the	O
substrates	O
.	O

In	O
total	O
,	O
44	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
underwent	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
exercise	O
testing	O
.	O

No	O
abnormalities	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
tests	O
in	O
23	O
(	O
50	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
questioned	O
whether	O
CKLF1	B-PRGE
could	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
proliferation	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
report	O
5	O
children	O
with	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
evidence	O
of	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
prevalence	O
and	O
asymptomatic	O
presentation	O
of	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
suggest	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
screening	O
for	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
morphologic	O
changes	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
lesions	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
subcategorized	O
into	O
3	O
phases	O
:	O
acute	B-DISO
exudative	I-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
,	O
fibrous	O
proliferation	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
final	O
fibrotic	O
stage	O
.	O

The	O
acute	O
exudative	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
PAS	B-COMP
-	O
positive	O
.	O

The	O
mesenchymal	O
cells	B-COMP
showed	O
either	O
myofibroblastic	O
(	O
which	O
expressed	B-PROC
desmin	B-COMP
,	O
HHF	O
-	O
35	O
,	O
smooth	B-PRGE
muscle	I-PRGE
actin	I-PRGE
and	O
vimentin	B-COMP
)	O
or	O
fibroblastic	O
(	O
which	O
expressed	B-PROC
vimentin	B-COMP
only	O
)	O
differentiation	B-PROC
.	O

NIPPV	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
20	O
patients	O
(	O
11	O
male	O
patients	O
)	O
with	O
ARF	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

SAA	O
was	O
not	O
markedly	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
fourth	O
patient	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
low	O
x	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
scores	O
and	O
whose	O
clinical	O
course	O
was	O
relatively	O
mild	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Phage	O
antibody	B-COMP
library	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
Fab	B-PRGE
fragment	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
constructed	O
successfully	O
,	O
which	O
lays	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
further	O
study	O
.	O

Chemical	O
cross	O
-	O
linking	O
,	O
thermal	O
denaturation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
size	O
fractionation	O
analyses	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
full	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
length	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
forms	O
a	O
higher	B-ANAT
order	I-ANAT
structure	I-ANAT
of	O
approximately	O
500	O
kDa	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
consistent	O
with	O
it	O
being	O
an	O
S	O
homotrimer	O
.	O

The	O
latter	O
was	O
also	O
observed	O
in	O
purified	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
p28	B-COMP
arrests	O
cell	B-PATH
cycle	I-PATH
in	O
G0	O
/	O
G1	B-PROC
phase	I-PROC
.	O

Transient	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
cloned	O
p28	B-COMP
in	O
several	O
different	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
inhibited	O
cell	B-PROC
growth	B-PROC
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
p28	B-COMP
expression	B-PROC
suppressed	O
cell	B-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
present	O
data	O
suggest	O
the	O
following	O
model	O
of	O
p28	B-COMP
-	O
induced	O
G	O
(	O
0	O
)/	O
G	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
arrest	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
two	O
retroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
simian	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
SIV	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
murine	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
both	O
expressing	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
pseudotyped	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
or	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
variants	I-PRGE
,	O
efficiently	O
infected	O
HEK293T	O
cells	B-COMP
stably	O
expressing	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
first	O
major	O
new	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
(	O
Rodier	O
,	O
2003	O
)	O
and	O
is	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
""""	O
serious	O
disaster	O
""""	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
where	O
it	O
caused	O
unprecedented	O
panic	O
and	O
social	O
and	O
economic	O
consequences	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
ventilated	O
in	O
assist	O
/	O
control	O
mode	O
with	O
a	O
ventilatory	O
strategy	O
providing	O
adequate	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)	O
>	O
70	O
mmHg	O
)	O
and	O
normocapnia	O
(	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
between	O
35	O
-	O
40	O
mmHg	O
).	O

No	O
changes	O
in	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
or	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
parameters	O
were	O
observed	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
SPAAN	O
had	O
optimal	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
89	O
%	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
100	O
%	O
on	O
a	O
defined	O
test	O
set	O
and	O
could	O
identify	O
97	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
known	O
adhesins	O
at	O
high	O
Pad	B-DISO
value	O
from	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

Plateau	O
pressures	O
well	O
below	O
the	O
""""	O
upper	O
corner	O
point	O
""""	O
(	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
where	O
compliance	O
decreases	O
)	O
resulted	O
in	O
significant	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
overstretching	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
increased	O
TF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
AT	I-PRGE
may	O
be	O
therapeutically	O
relevant	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
biological	B-CHED
marker	I-CHED
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
a	O
preliminary	O
study	O
,	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
blockade	O
appeared	O
to	O
hasten	O
recovery	O
from	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
encephalitis	B-DISO
;	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
equally	O
useful	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
ACE	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
underwent	O
duplication	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
Chordata	O
,	O
just	O
before	O
the	O
""""	O
Cambrian	O
Explosion	O
""""	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
testicular	B-PRGE
ACE	I-PRGE
(	O
tACE	B-PRGE
)	O
was	O
recently	O
published	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
novel	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	O
by	O
chemical	O
genetics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infected	O
more	O
than	O
8	O
,	O
000	O
people	O
across	O
29	O
countries	O
and	O
caused	O
more	O
than	O
900	O
fatalities	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
autopsy	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
the	O
American	O
-	O
European	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
definition	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
only	O
moderate	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
127	O
patients	O
(	O
33	O
%)	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
clinical	O
criteria	O
,	O
and	O
112	O
(	O
29	O
%)	O
had	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
extrapulmonary	O
risk	O
factors	O
had	O
significantly	O
higher	O
sensitivity	O
(	O
61	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
85	O
%;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
009	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
specificity	O
did	O
not	O
statistically	O
significantly	O
differ	O
(	O
69	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
78	O
%;	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
).	O

A	O
crossover	O
design	O
was	O
used	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
patients	O
received	O
both	O
anesthetic	O
methods	O
sequentially	O
in	O
randomized	O
order	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Occupational	B-DISO
asthma	I-DISO
(	O
OA	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
frequent	O
work	O
-	O
related	O
disease	O
in	O
industrialised	O
countries	O
.	O

A	O
distinction	O
must	O
be	O
made	O
between	O
OA	O
with	O
a	O
latency	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
essentially	O
allergic	O
,	O
and	O
OA	O
without	O
a	O
latency	O
period	O
or	O
Reactive	O
airways	O
dysfunction	O
syndrome	O
(	O
RADS	O
),	O
induced	O
by	O
acute	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
irritant	O
substances	O
.	O

Bronchial	B-ANAT
challenge	O
tests	O
specifically	O
identify	O
the	O
causal	O
agent	O
,	O
but	O
such	O
examinations	O
are	O
long	O
,	O
expensive	O
,	O
potentially	O
dangerous	O
and	O
therefore	O
cannot	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
routine	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
three	O
patients	O
underwent	O
ictus	O
therapy	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
for	O
(	O
8	O
+/-	O

0	O
.	O
24	O
)	O
and	O
4	O
patients	O
were	O
IgG	B-PRGE
negative	O
.	O

The	O
influencing	O
factors	O
of	O
femoral	B-ANAT
necrosis	B-PROC
included	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
healing	B-PROC
activity	O
,	O
the	O
dosage	O
summation	B-PROC
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
length	O
of	O
ictus	O
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
influencing	O
factors	O
of	O
bone	B-ANAT
density	O
included	O
age	O
,	O
dosage	O
summation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
length	O
of	O
ictus	O
therapy	O
.	O

Statistics	O
showed	O
that	O
serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-PRGE
was	O
not	O
related	O
with	O
avascular	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
of	I-DISO
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
and	O
osteoporosis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Effects	O
of	O
underlying	O
cerebrocardiovascular	O
diseases	O
on	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
critical	O
conditions	O
and	O
multiple	O
organs	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
cases	O
].	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
specific	O
IgM	B-PRGE
on	O
day	O
4	O
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
on	O
day	O
8	O
.	O

Neutralization	O
assay	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
antisera	O
could	O
protect	O
Vero	O
-	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
'	O
s	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

She	O
gave	O
a	O
10	O
-	O
day	O
history	O
of	O
severe	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
vomiting	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Current	O
topics	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
].	O

Topics	O
of	O
the	O
research	O
on	O
the	O
present	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
research	O
field	O
are	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccine	O
,	O
inspecting	O
of	O
medicine	B-CHED
and	O
establishment	O
of	O
diagnostic	O
method	O
.	O

When	O
S2	O
Ab	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
perform	O
immune	O
precipitation	B-PROC
with	O
lysate	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
a	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
S2	O
fragment	O
was	O
detected	O
with	O
S2	O
-	O
specific	O
mAb	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
causing	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
resembles	O
the	O
recently	O
described	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
genome	O
organization	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
donors	O
with	O
ELISA	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
.	O

CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
DimerX	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1203	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CTLs	I-PRGE
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
PBMC	O
from	O
these	O
donors	O
up	O
to	O
3	O
months	O
after	O
recovery	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
compare	O
human	B-SPEC
,	O
mouse	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
rat	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
molecules	I-PRGE
for	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
receptors	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
We	O
found	O
that	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
human	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
,	O
murine	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
less	O
efficiently	O
bound	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
supported	O
less	O
-	O
efficient	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
mediated	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Effective	O
surveillance	O
is	O
necessary	O
for	O
the	O
successful	O
management	O
of	O
emerging	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
TB	O
surveillance	O
is	O
more	O
appropriate	O
than	O
influenza	B-DISO
surveillance	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
more	O
complete	O
in	O
its	O
reporting	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Six	O
month	O
radiological	O
and	O
physiological	O
outcomes	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
survivors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recombinant	O
viral	O
sialate	B-CHED
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetylesterases	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
esterases	B-FUNC
were	O
shown	O
to	O
specifically	O
de	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetylate	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
on	O
glycoconjugates	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
tests	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
standard	O
ARDS	B-DISO
criteria	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
trauma	O
population	O
will	O
capture	O
widely	O
disparate	O
forms	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
are	O
too	O
nonspecific	O
to	O
identify	O
a	O
population	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
prolonged	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
associated	O
complications	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
intranasal	O
vaccination	O
against	O
bovine	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
on	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
commercial	O
backgrounding	O
feedlot	O
.	O

Calves	O
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
to	O
receive	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
mL	O
of	O
a	O
modified	O
-	O
live	O
virus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
against	O
bovine	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
or	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
mL	O
of	O
saline	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
NaCl	B-CHED
)	O
solution	O
.	O

Intranasal	O
BCV	O
(	O
125	O
/	O
407	O
[	O
31	O
%])	O
and	O
serum	B-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
20	O
against	O
BCV	B-SPEC
(	O
246	O
/	O
396	O
[	O
62	O
%])	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
calves	O
entering	O
the	O
feedlot	O
.	O

Vaccination	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
risk	O
of	O
treatment	O
for	O
BRD	O
;	O
intranasal	O
BCV	B-SPEC
on	O
entry	O
to	O
the	O
feedlot	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
treatment	O
.	O

Univariate	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
control	O
calves	O
with	O
intranasal	O
BRD	O
on	O
entry	O
to	O
the	O
feedlot	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
<	O
20	O
were	O
significantly	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
treated	O
for	O
BRD	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
provide	O
further	O
evidence	O
of	O
an	O
association	O
between	O
BCV	B-SPEC
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
feedlot	O
calves	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
describes	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
features	O
of	O
cases	O
reported	O
by	O
Australian	O
states	O
and	O
territories	O
to	O
the	O
Australian	O
Government	O
Department	O
of	O
Health	O
and	O
Ageing	B-PROC
between	O
17	O
March	O
and	O
31	O
July	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
replicate	O
lines	O
of	O
mice	O
,	O
selected	O
for	O
hyperactivity	O
and	O
hypoactivity	B-DISO
after	O
ethanol	B-CHED
administration	O
,	O
had	O
been	O
enzootically	O
infected	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
for	O
over	O
a	O
decade	O
.	O

Subsequent	O
investigation	O
demonstrated	O
persistent	O
shedding	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
in	O
two	O
lines	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
for	O
at	O
least	O
7	O
weeks	O
.	O

To	O
the	O
author	O
'	O
s	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
documented	O
case	O
of	O
clinically	O
inapparent	O
persistent	O
shedding	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
are	O
not	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Bacterial	O
and	O
viral	O
epidemics	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
origin	O
;	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
hunting	O
and	O
cutting	O
up	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
].	O

Although	O
a	O
multiplex	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
could	O
detect	O
and	O
differentiate	O
NDV	B-SPEC
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genomes	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
sample	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
slight	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
PCR	O
if	O
a	O
high	O
amount	O
of	O
NDV	B-SPEC
genome	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
sample	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
strongly	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
did	O
not	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
symptomatic	O
cases	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
a	O
very	O
small	O
proportion	O
of	O
symptomatic	O
individuals	O
being	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
infectious	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
able	O
to	O
infect	O
other	O
individuals	O
).	O

It	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
epidemic	O
cerebrospinal	B-DISO
meningitis	I-DISO
,	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
B	O
,	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
mumps	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
algorithm	O
was	O
tested	O
on	O
42	O
patients	O
with	O
affections	O
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
due	O
to	O
severe	O
craniocerebral	O
trauma	O
,	O
spinal	O
trauma	O
,	O
cerebral	B-DISO
stroke	I-DISO
and	O
multitrauma	O
.	O

The	O
three	O
most	O
important	O
viral	O
agents	O
are	O
noroviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
NV	O
)	O
(	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
Norwalk	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
like	I-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
),	O
Rotavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
RV	O
)	O
and	O
Hepatitis	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
-	O
Virus	B-SPEC
(	O
HAV	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
sudden	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
or	O
a	O
similar	O
contagious	O
pathogen	O
,	O
will	O
restrict	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
entering	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O

Business	O
representatives	O
from	O
various	O
therapeutic	O
antibody	B-COMP
companies	O
discussed	O
in	O
detail	O
various	O
aspects	O
and	O
challenges	O
of	O
building	O
a	O
viable	O
therapeutic	O
antibody	B-COMP
company	O
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
PCR	O
assays	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
CPIV	O
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
types	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
canine	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CHV	O
)	O
is	O
described	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Temporal	O
relationship	O
of	O
viral	O
load	O
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
6	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
progression	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
that	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
was	O
not	O
effective	O
in	O
reducing	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
load	O
in	O
3	O
of	O
8	O
probable	O
cases	O
studied	O
and	O
that	O
elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
6	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
subsequent	O
to	O
the	O
peak	O
viral	O
load	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
8	O
and	O
6	O
cases	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
nadir	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
during	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
peak	O
level	O
of	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
peak	O
density	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
lag	O
further	O
behind	O
the	O
peak	O
viral	O
load	O
by	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
4	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
contact	O
with	O
respiratory	O
secretions	B-ANAT
elevated	O
the	O
odds	O
ratio	O
to	O
6	O
.	O
9	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
34	O
.	O
6	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Applying	O
theory	O
of	O
planned	O
behavior	O
to	O
predict	O
nurses	O
'	O
intention	O
and	O
volunteering	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
southern	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
spread	O
worldwide	O
after	O
an	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
in	O
mid	O
-	O
November	O
2002	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Efficient	O
assembly	O
and	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
particles	O
by	O
a	O
heterologous	O
expression	B-PROC
system	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
Spring	O
of	O
2003	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
huge	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
global	O
news	O
media	O
following	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
:	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

All	O
mutants	O
showed	O
undetectable	O
activity	O
in	O
trans	O
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
assay	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
introduced	O
a	O
31	O
-	O
mer	O
peptide	B-CHED
containing	O
an	O
auto	O
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
to	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
of	O
the	O
proteases	O
and	O
found	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
could	O
be	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
efficiently	O
by	O
3CLsc	O
itself	O
,	O
but	O
,	O
among	O
the	O
four	O
mutants	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
Cys145	O
-->	O
Ser	B-COMP
showed	O
residual	O
activity	O
as	O
detected	O
by	O
the	O
auto	O
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
assay	O
.	O

Two	O
peptides	B-CHED
denoted	O
HR	O
-	O
N	O
(	O
SN50	O
)	O
and	O
HR	O
-	O
C	O
(	O
SC40	O
),	O
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
Leu	B-CHED
/	O
Ile	B-CHED
/	O
Val	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
heptad	O
-	O
repeat	O
regions	O
from	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
and	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
segments	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
were	O
synthesized	O
and	O
predicted	O
to	O
form	O
trimeric	O
assembly	O
of	O
hairpin	O
-	O
like	O
structures	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
the	O
first	O
crystallographic	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
spike	O
HR	O
-	O
N	O
/	O
HR	O
-	O
C	O
complex	O
.	O

Rabbit	B-SPEC
antisera	O
effectively	O
blocked	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
S1	O
,	O
which	O
contains	O
RBD	O
,	O
to	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
.	O

It	O
appears	O
that	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
an	O
effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
steroid	B-CHED
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
better	O
outcome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ie	O
,	O
""""	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
""")"	O
have	O
several	O
hundred	O
causes	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
of	O
which	O
include	O
rhino	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
introduce	O
a	O
probabilistic	O
model	O
that	O
describes	O
the	O
worldwide	O
spread	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
a	O
forecast	O
of	O
the	O
geographical	O
spread	O
of	O
epidemics	O
is	O
indeed	O
possible	O
.	O

Replicase	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
precursors	I-PRGE
and	O
mature	O
products	O
are	O
thought	O
to	O
mediate	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
and	O
function	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
complexes	O
on	O
the	O
surfaces	O
of	O
intracellular	B-COMP
double	O
-	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
has	O
likely	O
stressed	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
care	O
system	O
.	O

Second	O
,	O
we	O
employed	O
7	O
recombination	B-PROC
detection	O
techniques	O
well	O
documented	O
in	O
successfully	O
detecting	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
recombination	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
prolonged	O
(	O
17	O
years	O
)	O
observations	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
infections	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
basic	O
departments	O
of	O
clinics	O
of	O
the	O
Research	O
Institute	O
of	O
Influenza	B-DISO
,	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
on	O
the	O
average	O
,	O
in	O
12	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
(	O
in	O
some	O
years	O
in	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
to	O
28	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
).	O

Three	O
year	O
cycles	O
of	O
this	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
established	O
.	O

Information	O
from	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
genome	O
project	O
applied	O
to	O
microbial	O
organisms	O
and	O
their	O
hosts	B-COMP
will	O
provide	O
new	O
opportunities	O
for	O
detection	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
treatment	O
,	O
prevention	O
,	O
control	O
and	O
prognosis	O
.	O

Three	O
venous	B-ANAT
thromboembolic	O
complications	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
and	O
one	O
during	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

Pathogens	O
for	O
which	O
there	O
is	O
more	O
-	O
compelling	O
evidence	O
of	O
survival	O
in	O
environmental	O
reservoirs	O
include	O
Clostridium	B-SPEC
difficile	I-SPEC
,	O
vancomycin	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
enterococci	O
,	O
and	O
methicillin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
pathogens	O
for	O
which	O
there	O
is	O
evidence	O
of	O
probable	O
survival	O
in	O
environmental	O
reservoirs	O
include	O
norovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Candida	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
light	O
upon	O
extension	O
(	O
LUX	O
)	O
fluorogenic	O
primer	O
and	O
LightCycle	O
technology	O
,	O
was	O
developed	O
for	O
rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
).	O

When	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
produces	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
these	O
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
antibodies	B-COMP
also	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
'	O
s	O
own	O
ACTH	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
limits	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
'	O
s	O
stress	B-PATH
response	I-PATH
by	O
interfering	O
with	O
ACTH	B-PRGE
'	O
s	O
ability	O
to	O
stimulate	O
the	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

For	O
instance	O
,	O
one	O
evident	O
trend	O
is	O
high	O
sequence	O
conservation	O
in	O
the	O
V	O
(	O
H	O
)	O
chains	O
of	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
mAbs	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
CDR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
CDR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
identify	O
novel	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
3CLpro	O
to	O
advance	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
appropriate	O
therapies	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
quenched	O
fluorescence	O
resonance	O
energy	B-PROC
transfer	I-PROC
assay	O
was	O
developed	O
for	O
3CLpro	O
to	O
screen	O
the	O
proteinase	B-PROC
against	O
50	O
,	O
000	O
drug	O
-	O
like	O
small	O
molecules	O
on	O
a	O
fully	O
automated	O
system	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analysis	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
glucocorticosteroids	O
(	O
GCS	O
)	O
usage	O
and	O
side	O
effects	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Hyperglycemia	B-DISO
and	O
hypokalemia	O
are	O
correlated	O
with	O
GCS	O
dosage	O
and	O
duration	O
.	O

Autopsy	O
was	O
performed	O
in	O
9	O
of	O
the	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
but	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
only	O
1	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

Shunt	O
should	O
more	O
often	O
be	O
measured	O
directly	O
or	O
be	O
estimated	O
assuming	O
a	O
constant	O
arteriovenous	O
oxygen	B-PROC
content	I-PROC
difference	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
molecular	O
docking	B-PROC
approach	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
capacity	O
of	O
N	O
-(	O
2	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
aminoethyl	I-CHED
)-	O
1	O
aziridine	B-CHED
-	O
ethanamine	B-CHED
provides	O
an	O
attractive	O
small	O
molecule	O
lead	O
compound	O
on	O
which	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
more	O
effective	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
could	O
be	O
developed	O
to	O
modulate	O
hypertension	B-DISO
and	O
for	O
controlling	O
SARS	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
positive	O
in	O
three	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
of	O
16	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
in	O
none	O
(	O
0	O
%)	O
of	O
seven	O
rectal	O
swabs	O
.	O

Serum	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
IgG	I-PRGE
was	O
positive	O
in	O
13	O
of	O
the	O
15	O
patients	O
(	O
86	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
high	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
feces	B-ANAT
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
97	O
%)	O
in	O
Amoy	O
Gardens	O
,	O
our	O
positive	O
rate	O
in	O
rectal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
RT	O
-	O
PCT	B-DISO
(	O
0	O
%)	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
00000002	O
).	O

The	O
dental	O
community	O
should	O
reflect	O
on	O
this	O
outbreak	O
to	O
reinforce	O
the	O
currently	O
applied	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
time	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
become	O
undetectable	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
was	O
12	O
days	O
(	O
11	O
-	O
20	O
days	O
)	O
versus	O
8	O
days	O
(	O
8	O
-	O
15	O
days	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
findings	O
suggested	O
""""	O
early	O
""""	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
subsequent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
viral	O
load	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
evidence	O
from	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
to	O
support	O
or	O
refute	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
partial	O
liquid	O
ventilation	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
ALI	O
or	O
ARDS	B-DISO
;	O
adequately	O
powered	O
,	O
high	O
quality	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
are	O
still	O
needed	O
to	O
assess	O
its	O
efficacy	O
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
reactivity	O
of	O
these	O
42	O
peptides	B-CHED
to	O
patients	O
'	O
sera	B-COMP
(	O
n	O
=	O
45	O
)	O
at	O
6	O
-	O
month	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
three	O
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
recognized	O
by	O
their	O
long	O
-	O
lasting	O
immunity	B-PROC
,	O
may	O
provide	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

One	O
mechanism	O
involves	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
usually	O
in	O
a	O
transfused	O
blood	B-ANAT
component	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Angiotensin	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
[	O
Li	B-SPEC
,	O
W	O
.	O
Moore	O
,	O
M	O
.	O
J	O
.,	O
Vasilieva	O
,	O
N	O
.,	O
Sui	O
,	O
J	O
.,	O
Wong	O
,	O
S	O
.	O
K	O
.,	O
Berne	O
,	O
M	O
.	O
A	O
.,	O
Somasundaran	O
,	O
M	O
.,	O
Sullivan	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
L	O
.,	O
Luzuriaga	B-SPEC
,	O
K	O
.,	O
Greenough	O
,	O
T	O
.	O
C	O
.,	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
(	O
2003	O
)	O
Nature	O
426	O
,	O
450	O
-	O
454	O
].	O

The	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
on	O
quality	O
of	O
medical	O
care	O
can	O
be	O
minimised	O
when	O
adequate	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
are	O
applied	O
.	O

Though	O
the	O
DHSS	O
hopes	O
that	O
these	O
surveillance	O
efforts	O
will	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
early	O
detection	O
of	O
sentinel	O
events	O
that	O
might	O
represent	O
possible	O
bioterrorist	O
or	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
threats	O
,	O
the	O
DHSS	O
will	O
also	O
need	O
to	O
engage	O
the	O
medical	O
community	O
more	O
fully	O
in	O
surveillance	O
activities	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
to	O
further	O
ensure	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
its	O
surveillance	O
efforts	O
,	O
the	O
DHSS	O
will	O
also	O
need	O
to	O
continue	O
educating	O
clinicians	O
about	O
its	O
surveillance	O
activities	O
and	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
timely	O
reporting	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
illness	O
patterns	O
that	O
might	O
suggest	O
an	O
unusual	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreak	O
associated	O
with	O
bioterrorism	O
or	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
retrospective	O
viral	O
load	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
from	O
154	O
patients	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
);	O
the	O
specimens	O
were	O
prospectively	O
collected	O
during	O
patients	O
'	O
illness	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
viral	O
load	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
53	O
)	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
oxygen	B-CHED
desaturation	O
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Stool	B-ANAT
viral	O
load	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
94	O
)	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
viral	O
load	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
111	O
)	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
abnormal	O
urinalysis	O
results	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
rarely	O
manifests	O
as	O
a	O
subclinical	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
at	O
present	O
,	O
wild	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
are	O
the	O
only	O
important	O
natural	O
reservoirs	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

At	O
6	O
weeks	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
onset	O
,	O
25	O
%	O
(	O
30	O
/	O
120	O
)	O
patients	O
had	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
SARS	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
medical	O
staff	O
taking	O
care	O
of	O
NPPV	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
cloned	O
and	O
overexpressed	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Mpro	I-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
purified	O
the	O
recombinant	O
Mpro	O
to	O
homogeneity	O
.	O

A	O
decentralized	O
and	O
fragmented	O
health	O
system	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
one	O
found	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
-	O
suited	O
to	O
making	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
coordinated	O
response	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
.	O

For	O
the	O
past	O
25	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	O
Government	O
has	O
kept	O
economic	O
development	B-PROC
at	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
policy	O
agenda	O
at	O
the	O
expense	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
access	O
to	O
health	O
care	O
for	O
the	O
800	O
million	O
people	O
living	O
in	O
rural	O
areas	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
cleavage	O
mechanism	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
proteinase	B-PROC
(	O
M	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
or	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
))	O
for	O
the	O
octapeptide	O
AVLQSGFR	O
is	O
studied	O
using	O
molecular	O
mechanics	O
(	O
MM	O
)	O
and	O
quantum	O
mechanics	O
(	O
QM	O
).	O

The	O
scissile	O
peptide	B-CHED
bond	O
between	O
Gln	B-CHED
and	O
Ser	B-COMP
is	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
solidified	O
through	O
""""	O
hybrid	O
peptide	B-CHED
bond	O
""""	O
by	O
changing	O
the	O
carbonyl	B-CHED
group	I-CHED
CO	O
of	O
Gln	B-CHED
to	O
CH	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
or	O
CF	O
(	O
2	O
).	O

The	O
derivative	O
crystals	B-ANAT
were	O
obtained	O
under	O
similar	O
conditions	O
and	O
three	O
different	O
wavelength	O
data	O
sets	O
were	O
collected	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
A	O
resolution	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
derivative	O
crystal	B-ANAT
at	O
BSRF	O
(	O
Beijing	O
Synchrotron	O
Radiation	O
Facility	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Large	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
ischaemic	B-DISO
stroke	I-DISO
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Conjunctival	O
,	O
throat	B-ANAT
,	O
stool	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
specimens	O
were	O
collected	O
weekly	O
from	O
64	O
patients	O
and	O
tested	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
;	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
weekly	O
and	O
tested	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
with	O
indirect	O
enzyme	O
immunoassay	O
and	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
5	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
of	O
64	O
patients	O
continued	O
to	O
shed	O
viral	O
RNA	O
in	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
only	O
,	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
week	O
8	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

Although	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
was	O
not	O
isolated	O
from	O
any	O
patient	O
,	O
specimens	O
from	O
three	O
patients	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
viral	O
RNA	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assay	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
patients	O
had	O
detectable	O
rises	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
study	O
shows	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
a	O
collaborative	O
,	O
multilaboratory	O
response	O
to	O
diagnose	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
excretion	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
sputum	B-ANAT
and	O
stool	B-ANAT
specimens	O
from	O
56	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Silencing	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
by	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
in	O
HEK	O
293T	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
candidate	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNAs	O
(	O
siRNAs	O
)	O
corresponding	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
spike	O
gene	O
were	O
designed	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
transcribed	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
silencing	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
plasmid	O
pEGFP	O
-	O
optS	O
,	O
which	O
contains	O
the	O
codon	O
-	O
optimized	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
expresses	O
spike	O
-	O
EGFP	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
-	O
EGFP	O
)	O
as	O
silencing	O
target	O
and	O
expressing	O
reporter	O
,	O
was	O
transfected	O
with	O
siRNAs	O
into	O
HEK	O
293T	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Programmed	O
-	O
1	O
ribosomal	B-PROC
frameshifting	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Many	O
viruses	O
achieve	O
reversible	O
attachment	O
to	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
Sia	B-SPEC
)	O
by	O
encoding	O
envelope	B-COMP
glycoproteins	B-CHED
with	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
receptor	O
-	O
destroying	O
activities	O
.	O

Under	O
the	O
premise	O
that	O
HE	O
specificity	O
reflects	O
receptor	O
usage	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
that	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
Sias	O
serve	O
as	O
initial	O
attachment	O
factors	O
for	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Reminiscent	O
of	O
antigenic	O
shifts	O
in	O
orthomyxoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
rodent	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
exchanged	O
S	O
and	O
HE	O
sequences	O
through	O
recombination	B-PROC
to	O
extents	O
not	O
appreciated	O
before	O
.	O

Glutaraldehyde	B-CHED
cross	O
-	O
linking	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
and	O
size	O
-	O
exclusion	O
chromatography	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
full	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
length	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
deleted	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
still	O
remains	O
a	O
dimer	O
/	O
monomer	O
mixture	O
within	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
concentrations	O
.	O

Mn	O
(	O
2	O
+)	O
at	O
2	O
to	O
10	O
mM	O
was	O
needed	O
for	O
optimal	O
endoribonuclease	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
,	O
but	O
Mg	O
(	O
2	O
+)	O
and	O
several	O
other	O
divalent	O
metals	B-CHED
were	O
capable	O
of	O
supporting	O
only	O
a	O
low	O
level	O
of	O
activity	O
.	O

This	O
work	O
presents	O
an	O
initial	O
biochemical	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
endoribonuclease	O
.	O

Immunized	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
developed	O
a	O
more	O
rapid	O
and	O
vigorous	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
than	O
control	O
animals	B-SPEC
after	O
challenge	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
they	O
also	O
exhibited	O
strong	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
in	O
liver	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

Efficient	O
activity	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
replicons	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
nucleoprotein	O
provided	O
either	O
in	O
cis	B-DISO
or	O
in	O
trans	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
previously	O
unidentified	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
major	O
viral	O
protein	B-CHED
recognized	O
by	O
acute	O
and	O
early	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Radiological	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
outcomes	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
each	O
subject	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
HRCT	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
thorax	B-ANAT
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
were	O
assessed	O
.	O

Mild	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
abnormalities	O
were	O
detected	O
on	O
HRCT	O
in	O
16	O
(	O
34	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
subjects	O
,	O
including	O
residual	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacification	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
),	O
air	B-DISO
trapping	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
),	O
and	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
changes	O
and	O
air	B-DISO
trapping	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
the	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
regions	O
,	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
,	O
and	O
design	O
of	O
a	O
fusion	O
core	O
structure	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Intracerebral	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
CCL2	B-CHED
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
increased	O
morbidity	O
or	O
mortality	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
either	O
wild	O
type	O
or	O
CCR2	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
CCL2	B-CHED
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
cleared	O
replicating	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Childhood	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Taiwan	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
differentiate	O
it	O
from	O
childhood	O
influenza	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
complete	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
has	O
revealed	O
key	O
epidemiologic	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
as	O
it	O
evolved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
changes	O
the	O
ED	O
paradigm	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Singapore	O
started	O
in	O
mid	O
-	O
March	O
2003	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
envelope	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
can	O
induce	O
membrane	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
changes	O
when	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

Site	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
directed	I-PROC
mutagenesis	I-PROC
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
two	O
cysteine	B-CHED
residues	O
of	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
essential	O
for	O
oligomerization	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
induction	O
of	O
membrane	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
.	O

A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
was	O
later	O
identified	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
rapid	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
aetiology	O
,	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
laboratory	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
defining	O
of	O
routes	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
transmission	I-PROC
were	O
facilitated	O
through	O
a	O
unique	O
WHO	O
-	O
coordinated	O
virtual	O
network	O
of	O
laboratories	O
,	O
which	O
shared	O
information	O
on	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
basis	O
through	O
daily	O
teleconferences	O
.	O

A	O
critical	O
review	O
of	O
problems	O
and	O
solutions	O
encountered	O
during	O
the	O
2003	O
-	O
2004	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemics	O
will	O
serve	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
considering	O
national	O
preparedness	O
steps	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
taken	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
early	O
detection	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
rapid	O
response	O
to	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
should	O
it	O
occur	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Collateral	B-ANAT
damage	O
:	O
the	O
unforeseen	O
effects	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
outbreak	O
policies	O
.	O

Most	O
established	O
coronaviruses	O
exhibit	O
winter	O
seasonality	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
unique	O
ability	O
to	O
establish	O
persistent	O
infections	O
in	O
a	O
minority	O
of	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
virus	B-SPEC
responsible	O
for	O
occasionally	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
mainly	O
observed	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

hMPV	B-SPEC
testing	O
has	O
clinical	O
utility	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infection	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
virological	O
and	O
serological	O
investigations	O
were	O
performed	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
existence	O
and	O
prevalence	O
of	O
CCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
Turkish	O
dog	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
269	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

Early	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
mobile	O
teams	O
found	O
wide	O
variations	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
and	O
resources	O
among	O
Asian	O
hospitals	O
evaluating	O
patients	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
indicating	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
ongoing	O
assessment	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
preparedness	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
mobile	O
team	O
visits	O
,	O
5	O
(	O
25	O
%)	O
hospitals	O
implemented	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
consistent	O
with	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
recommendations	O
on	O
visitor	O
policies	O
,	O
private	O
negative	O
-	O
pressure	O
rooms	O
,	O
and	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
.	O

The	O
importance	O
of	O
individualized	O
design	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
is	O
highlighted	O
and	O
discussed	O
.	O

The	O
current	O
available	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
of	O
integrated	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
and	O
Western	O
medicine	B-CHED
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
identified	O
through	O
systematically	O
searching	O
literature	O
in	O
any	O
languages	O
or	O
any	O
types	O
of	O
publications	O
.	O

Some	O
patients	O
deteriorate	O
relentlessly	O
despite	O
treatment	O
with	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
,	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evolutional	O
insights	O
on	O
uncharacterized	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genes	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
signal	B-PRGE
transducer	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
activator	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
(	O
STAT	O
)	O
3	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
constitutively	O
phosphorylated	O
at	O
tyrosine	B-CHED
(	O
Tyr	B-CHED
)-	O
705	O
and	O
slightly	O
phosphorylated	O
at	O
serine	B-CHED
(	O
Ser	B-COMP
)-	O
727	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
was	O
dephosphorylated	O
at	O
Tyr	B-CHED
-	O
705	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
ERK1	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
JNK	B-FUNC
(	O
PD98059	O
and	O
SP600125	O
)	O
had	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
status	O
of	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
,	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
(	O
SB203580	O
and	O
SB202190	O
)	O
partially	O
inhibited	O
dephosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
at	O
Tyr	B-CHED
-	O
705	O
.	O

Affinity	O
-	O
purified	O
polyclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
recognizing	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
19	O
residues	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
were	O
used	O
to	O
establish	O
the	O
specificity	O
of	O
channel	O
formation	B-PROC
by	O
inhibiting	O
the	O
ion	O
currents	O
generated	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
an	O
instructional	O
program	O
intrinsic	O
to	O
T	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
differentiation	I-PROC
,	O
rather	O
than	O
Ag	O
load	O
or	O
factors	O
in	O
the	O
inflamed	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
prominently	O
regulate	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
function	O
.	O

Two	O
major	O
immunodominant	O
epitopes	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
(	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
[	O
aa	O
]	O
362	O
to	O
412	O
)	O
and	O
middle	O
region	O
(	O
aa	O
153	O
to	O
178	O
)	O
reacted	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
75	O
%	O
of	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Antisera	O
from	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
recognized	O
the	O
two	O
major	O
immunodominant	O
epitopes	O
and	O
one	O
antigenic	O
site	O
located	O
adjacent	O
to	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
(	O
aa	O
76	O
to	O
101	O
),	O
which	O
did	O
not	O
react	O
with	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
above	O
antigenic	O
sites	O
on	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
are	O
important	O
in	O
eliciting	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
antigens	B-CHED
for	O
developing	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
produces	O
great	O
economic	O
for	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
showed	O
a	O
noticeably	O
higher	O
divergence	O
than	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
nephropathogenic	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Israel	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
described	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
pandemic	O
potential	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
has	O
almost	O
mandated	O
a	O
re	O
-	O
evaluation	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
in	O
hospitals	O
,	O
clinics	O
,	O
schools	O
and	O
domestic	O
environments	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
symptoms	O
.	O

Published	O
data	O
on	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
sequelae	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
very	O
limited	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Understanding	O
the	O
spatial	O
clustering	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
applied	O
cartographic	O
and	O
geostatistical	O
methods	O
in	O
analyzing	O
the	O
patterns	O
of	O
disease	O
spread	O
during	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
using	O
geographic	O
information	O
system	O
(	O
GIS	O
)	O
technology	O
.	O

Origin	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
destination	O
plots	O
showed	O
the	O
directional	O
bias	O
and	O
radius	B-ANAT
of	O
spread	O
of	O
superspreading	O
events	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
study	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
awareness	O
and	O
health	O
-	O
seeking	O
behaviour	B-PROC
-	O
findings	O
from	O
a	O
sampled	O
population	O
attending	O
National	O
Healthcare	O
Group	O
Polyclinics	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
(	O
92	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
were	O
aware	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
symptoms	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
retired	O
with	O
lower	O
educational	O
levels	O
were	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
oblivious	O
both	O
to	O
the	O
symptoms	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
possible	O
consequences	O
of	O
travelling	O
by	O
inappropriate	O
transport	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
man	B-CHED
developed	O
myopathy	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
third	O
woman	O
experienced	O
neuropathy	B-DISO
and	O
myopathy	B-DISO
.	O

Full	O
length	O
cDNA	O
of	O
SCoV	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
SCoVN	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
amplified	O
through	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
cloned	O
into	O
yeast	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pPIC3	O
.	O
5K	O
to	O
construct	O
plasmid	O
of	O
pPIC3	O
.	O
5K	O
-	O
SCoVN	O
.	O

The	O
plasmid	O
was	O
linearized	O
and	O
then	O
transformed	O
into	O
Pichia	B-SPEC
pastoris	I-SPEC
(	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pastoris	I-SPEC
)	O
GS115	O
(	O
His	O
-	O
Mut	O
+)	O
by	O
electroporation	O
.	O

The	O
influence	O
of	O
different	O
factors	O
on	O
biomass	O
and	O
rSCoVN	O
protein	B-CHED
production	O
during	O
induction	O
phase	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
various	O
induction	O
media	B-ANAT
,	O
dissolved	O
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
DO	O
)	O
and	O
different	O
final	O
concentrations	O
of	O
methanol	B-CHED
,	O
was	O
subsequently	O
studied	O
.	O

The	O
rSCoVN	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
recombinant	O
strains	O
was	O
about	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
cell	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
,	O
520	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
of	O
rSCoVN	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
achieved	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
maximum	O
cell	B-COMP
A	O
at	O
600	O
nm	O
of	O
62	O
was	O
achieved	O
in	O
shake	B-DISO
flask	O
culture	O
.	O

This	O
provides	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
further	O
researches	O
on	O
the	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
SCoV	O
.	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
of	O
the	O
recombinants	O
were	O
His	O
(+)	O
Mut	O
(+)	O
after	O
transformation	B-DISO
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pastoris	I-SPEC
with	O
linearized	O
plasmids	O
.	O

This	O
provides	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
further	O
researches	O
on	O
the	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
SCoV	O
.	O

A	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
diaperinus	I-SPEC
were	O
capable	O
of	O
mechanical	O
transmission	O
of	O
TCV	B-SPEC
.	O

Laboratory	O
studies	O
demonstrating	O
PEMS	O
transmission	O
by	O
A	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
diaperinus	I-SPEC
are	O
continuing	O
.	O

Its	O
incidence	O
rate	O
was	O
high	O
,	O
the	O
patients	O
'	O
condition	B-DISO
was	O
severe	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
mortality	O
was	O
higher	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
could	O
end	O
in	O
MODS	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
mortality	O
was	O
92	O
.	O
3x	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Dysfunction	O
of	O
organs	B-ANAT
are	O
closely	O
correlated	O
with	O
prognosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

But	O
serum	B-COMP
total	O
protein	B-CHED
remained	O
normal	O
during	O
the	O
whole	O
clinical	O
course	O
.	O

But	O
serum	B-COMP
total	O
protein	B-CHED
remained	O
normal	O
during	O
the	O
whole	O
clinical	O
course	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
total	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
TP	O
),	O
albumin	B-PRGE
(	O
Alb	B-PRGE
),	O
total	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
(	O
TC	O
),	O
triglyceride	B-CHED
(	O
TG	O
),	O
calcium	B-CHED
(	O
Ca	O
),	O
ferrum	B-CHED
(	O
Fe	O
),	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
LDH	B-PRGE
),	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
CK	O
),	O
alanine	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
ALT	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
aspartate	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
AST	B-PRGE
)	O
between	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonias	I-DISO
were	O
examined	O
by	O
Roche	O
Diagnostics	O
assay	O
,	O
HITACHI7600	O
automatic	O
analyzer	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
observe	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
fluorescent	O
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
F	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
gene	O
-	O
hip	O
technique	O
in	O
detecting	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
its	O
value	O
for	O
clinical	O
application	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
of	O
60	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
20	O
samples	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
20	O
samples	O
of	O
gargling	B-PROC
fluid	O
of	O
medical	O
staff	O
of	O
the	O
""""	O
Fever	B-PROC
Clinic	O
""","	O
and	O
one	O
cDNA	O
specimen	O
obtained	O
from	O
one	O
SARS	B-DISO
suspect	O
patient	O
were	O
examined	O
with	O
F	O
-	O
PCR	O
diagnosis	O
kit	B-FUNC
and	O
gene	O
-	O
chip	O
technique	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
thyroid	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
from	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
needing	O
invasive	O
or	O
noninvasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
prognostic	O
value	O
of	O
nonthyroidal	O
illness	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Measured	O
variables	O
upon	O
admission	O
included	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
,	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
the	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
to	O
the	O
fraction	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
in	O
inspired	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)),	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
free	O
T3	O
(	O
fT3	O
)	O
and	O
free	O
thyroxine	B-CHED
(	O
fT4	O
),	O
and	O
TSH	B-PRGE
levels	O
.	O

Quick	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
and	O
specific	O
treatments	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
not	O
yet	O
available	O
;	O
thus	O
,	O
prevention	O
is	O
of	O
paramount	O
importance	O
to	O
contain	O
its	O
global	O
spread	O
.	O

Potential	O
protection	O
of	O
fetus	B-ANAT
from	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
suggested	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
another	O
cellular	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
,	O
p70	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
by	O
UV	O
cross	O
-	O
linking	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
both	O
the	O
positive	O
-	O
and	O
negative	O
-	O
strand	O
UTRs	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
specifically	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
endogenous	O
SYNCRIP	O
with	O
a	O
specific	O
short	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
delayed	O
MHV	B-PRGE
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
;	O
in	O
contrast	O
,	O
overexpression	B-PROC
or	O
downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
SYNCRIP	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
MHV	B-SPEC
translation	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
study	O
identified	O
an	O
additional	O
cellular	B-COMP
hnRNP	B-ANAT
as	O
an	O
MHV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
potentially	O
involved	O
in	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
survivors	O
report	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
(	O
16	O
%	O
and	O
23	O
%)	O
and	O
anxiety	O
(	O
24	O
%	O
and	O
23	O
%)	O
at	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
years	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recombinant	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
C	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
:	O
an	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
review	O
.	O

The	O
modified	O
Delphi	O
methodology	O
used	O
for	O
grading	O
recommendations	O
built	O
on	O
a	O
2001	O
publication	O
sponsored	O
by	O
the	O
International	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
Forum	O
.	O

A	O
minimum	O
amount	O
of	O
positive	O
end	O
-	O
expiratory	O
pressure	O
should	O
be	O
set	O
to	O
prevent	O
lung	B-DISO
collapse	I-DISO
at	O
end	O
expiration	B-PROC
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Small	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
and	O
limitation	O
of	O
end	O
-	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
plateau	O
pressure	O
is	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
may	O
be	O
facilitated	O
by	O
permissive	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
.	O

Weaning	B-PROC
protocols	O
should	O
be	O
in	O
place	O
that	O
include	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
trials	O
and	O
criteria	O
for	O
initiating	O
such	O
trials	O
.	O

The	O
antisense	O
effect	O
was	O
further	O
proved	O
by	O
down	O
-	O
regulating	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
containing	O
the	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
E	O
,	O
M	O
or	O
N	O
in	O
frame	O
with	O
the	O
reporter	O
protein	B-CHED
EGFP	O
.	O

In	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
antisense	O
effect	O
was	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
concentrations	O
of	O
the	O
antisense	O
PS	O
-	O
ODNs	O
in	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
0	O
-	O
10	O
microM	O
or	O
0	O
-	O
30	O
microM	O
.	O
The	O
antisense	O
PS	O
-	O
ODNs	O
are	O
effective	O
in	O
downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
clinical	O
picture	O
of	O
our	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
SARS	B-DISO
revealed	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
elevated	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
LDH	B-PRGE
,	O
rapid	O
clinical	O
deterioration	O
,	O
and	O
lack	O
of	O
response	O
to	O
empirical	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

Remotely	O
sensed	O
IRT	O
readings	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
various	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
front	O
and	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
(	O
at	O
distances	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
m	O
),	O
and	O
compared	O
to	O
concurrently	O
determined	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
measurements	O
using	O
conventional	O
means	O
(	O
aural	O
tympanic	O
IRT	O
and	O
oral	B-ANAT
mercury	B-CHED
thermometry	O
).	O

Optimal	O
correlations	O
were	O
found	O
between	O
conventionally	O
measured	O
body	O
temperatures	O
and	O
IRT	O
readings	O
from	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
at	O
1	O
.	O
5m	O
with	O
the	O
mouth	B-ANAT
open	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
80	O
),	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
the	O
ear	B-ANAT
at	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
m	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
79	O
),	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
the	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
at	O
1	O
.	O
5m	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
76	O
).	O

Ear	B-ANAT
IRT	O
readings	O
at	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
m	O
yielded	O
the	O
narrowest	O
confidence	O
intervals	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
predict	O
conventional	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
readings	O
of	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
38	O
degrees	O
C	O
with	O
a	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
83	O
%	O
and	O
88	O
%	O
respectively	O
.	O

One	O
or	O
more	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
65	O
(	O
87	O
%)	O
children	O
,	O
with	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
being	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
identified	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
36	O
children	O
).	O

Multiple	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
identified	O
in	O
20	O
(	O
27	O
%)	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
related	O
preventive	O
and	O
risk	O
behaviours	O
practised	O
by	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
-	O
mainland	O
China	O
cross	O
border	B-ANAT
travellers	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
patterns	O
of	O
behaviours	O
and	O
attitudes	O
related	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
prevention	O
in	O
the	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
cross	O
border	B-ANAT
traveller	O
population	O
.	O

Around	O
40	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
were	O
using	O
masks	O
all	O
or	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
in	O
public	O
places	O
or	O
washing	O
their	O
hands	B-ANAT
frequently	O
(>	O
10	O
times	O
per	O
day	O
)	O
and	O
about	O
one	O
third	O
avoided	O
visiting	O
crowded	O
places	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
.	O

It	O
seems	O
that	O
those	O
travelling	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
were	O
a	O
""""	O
self	O
selected	O
""""	O
group	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
using	O
less	O
preventive	O
measures	O
.	O

The	O
genome	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
has	O
the	O
following	O
gene	O
order	B-SPEC
:	O
1a	O
-	O
1b	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
ORF3	O
-	O
E	O
-	O
M	O
-	O
N	O
.	O
The	O
GC	O
content	O
of	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
genome	O
is	O
extremely	O
low	O
(	O
34	O
%)	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
therefore	O
performed	O
additional	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
composition	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Angiotensin	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
:	O
a	O
molecular	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
perspective	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Angiotensin	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
human	B-SPEC
homologue	O
of	O
ACE	B-PRGE
to	O
be	O
described	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
also	O
hydrolyses	O
dynorphin	O
A	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
13	O
),	O
apelin	O
-	O
13	O
and	O
des	B-DISO
-	O
Arg	B-CHED
(	O
9	O
)	O
bradykinin	B-CHED
.	O

It	O
may	O
also	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
additional	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
for	O
studying	O
SARS	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
could	O
help	O
identify	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoir	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

We	O
examined	O
multiple	O
studies	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
early	B-PRGE
sCD62L	I-PRGE
concentrations	O
are	O
predictive	O
of	O
major	O
complications	O
after	O
severe	O
trauma	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
of	O
six	O
electronic	O
databases	O
and	O
a	O
manual	O
search	O
for	O
clinical	O
studies	O
comparing	O
outcomes	O
of	O
multiply	O
injured	O
patients	O
(	O
Injury	O
Severity	O
Score	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
16	O
)	O
depending	O
on	O
their	O
early	O
sCD62L	O
blood	B-ANAT
concentrations	O
.	O

Pathologic	O
changes	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
might	O
be	O
reflected	O
in	O
proteomic	O
patterns	O
in	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Diluted	O
samples	O
were	O
applied	O
to	O
WCX	O
-	O
2	O
ProteinChip	O
arrays	O
(	O
Ciphergen	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
bound	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
assessed	O
on	O
a	O
ProteinChip	O
Reader	O
(	O
Model	O
PBS	B-DISO
II	O
).	O

More	O
importantly	O
,	O
this	O
classifier	O
accurately	O
distinguished	O
acute	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
with	O
100	O
%	O
specificity	O
(	O
187	O
of	O
187	O
).	O

Their	O
blood	B-ANAT
sera	B-COMP
and	O
secretions	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
were	O
examined	O
in	O
the	O
indirect	O
hemagglutination	B-PROC
(	O
IHA	O
)	O
test	O
with	O
dried	B-ANAT
standard	O
erythrocyte	B-ANAT
diagnostic	O
preparations	O
.	O

The	O
frequent	O
substitution	O
of	O
the	O
external	O
masks	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
one	O
will	O
improve	O
the	O
filtering	O
activity	O
against	O
droplets	O
produced	O
by	O
cough	B-DISO
or	O
sneezes	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
.	O

When	O
corrosion	O
,	O
bleaching	O
or	O
gas	B-ENZY
production	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
avoided	O
,	O
chlorine	B-CHED
compounds	O
may	O
be	O
substituted	O
by	O
phenolic	O
detergent	B-CHED
disinfectants	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quaternary	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
protease	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
seven	O
of	O
the	O
49	O
factors	O
under	O
study	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
which	O
22	O
factors	O
were	O
protective	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
5	O
were	O
risk	O
factors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluation	O
III	O
(	O
APACHE	O
III	O
)	O
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
scale	O
in	O
the	O
severity	O
and	O
prognosis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
score	O
of	O
APACHE	O
III	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
condition	B-DISO
and	O
prognosis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
understand	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
on	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
among	O
their	O
contacts	O
and	O
to	O
develop	O
effective	O
strategy	O
for	O
its	O
control	O
.	O

Among	O
colleagues	O
and	O
classmates	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
rate	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
36	O
%	O
versus	O
31	O
.	O
71	O
%	O
in	O
contacts	O
among	O
families	O
and	O
hospitals	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
77	O
%	O
in	O
schools	O
.	O

No	O
one	O
was	O
infected	O
among	O
459	O
close	O
contacts	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
working	O
unit	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Dynamics	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
B	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
natural	B-ANAT
killer	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

The	O
absolute	O
numbers	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
B	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
602	O
serial	O
samples	O
from	O
240	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
counted	O
,	O
using	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
,	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
normal	O
population	O
.	O

The	O
absolute	O
numbers	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
B	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
detection	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
kinds	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
useful	O
for	O
predicting	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

CAP	B-DISO
results	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
10	O
million	O
visits	O
to	O
physicians	O
,	O
64	O
million	O
days	O
of	O
restricted	O
activity	O
,	O
and	O
600	O
,	O
000	O
hospitalizations	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
discusses	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
bacterial	O
causes	O
of	O
CAP	B-DISO
in	O
immunocompetent	O
adults	O
and	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Initial	O
viral	O
load	O
and	O
the	O
outcomes	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
two	O
patients	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
criteria	O
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
,	O
and	O
24	O
patients	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Greater	O
Toronto	O
Area	O
(	O
GTA	O
)	O
was	O
considered	O
a	O
""""	O
hot	O
zone	O
""""	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

We	O
compared	O
HSC	B-COMP
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
patient	O
volumes	O
,	O
admission	O
rates	O
and	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
in	O
the	O
baseline	O
years	O
of	O
2000	O
-	O
2002	O
(	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
years	O
)	O
with	O
those	O
in	O
2003	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
year	O
).	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
confirmed	O
the	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
up	O
-	O
regulation	O
of	O
selected	O
genes	O
identified	O
by	O
microarray	O
analysis	O
,	O
including	O
LIX	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
LIX	B-PRGE
,	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
macrophage	B-PRGE
inflammatory	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
2	I-PRGE
was	O
confirmed	O
at	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
level	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assays	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Macrophages	B-ANAT
are	O
critical	O
for	O
natural	O
immunity	O
and	O
play	O
a	O
central	O
role	O
in	O
specific	O
acquired	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
pneumonia	I-DISO
which	O
occurred	O
in	O
a	O
private	O
whirlpool	O
bath	O
user	O
].	O

Her	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
was	O
gradually	O
improved	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
discharged	O
on	O
the	O
44	O
the	O
hospital	O
day	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
adult	O
case	O
of	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumophila	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
infected	O
from	O
a	O
private	O
whirlpool	O
bath	O
confirmed	O
by	O
genetic	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
struck	B-DISO
1755	O
patients	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
and	O
developed	O
into	O
a	O
global	O
health	O
crisis	O
.	O

A	O
new	O
strain	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
these	O
statistical	O
methods	O
were	O
applied	O
to	O
prove	O
that	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
anisomycin	B-CHED
on	O
programmed	O
-	O
1	O
frameshifting	O
are	O
statistically	O
significant	O
.	O

The	O
current	O
outbreak	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
in	O
South	O
East	O
Asia	O
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
Nidoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
RNA	O
)	O
from	O
which	O
3	O
groups	O
are	O
known	O
.	O

And	O
group	O
3	O
corresponds	O
to	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
pathology	B-DISO
....	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
evidence	O
on	O
interperson	O
contagion	O
from	O
chicken	B-SPEC
contagion	O
,	O
nor	O
on	O
food	O
-	O
borne	O
contagion	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
association	O
of	O
Impact	O
of	O
Event	O
Scale	O
scores	O
to	O
job	O
role	O
and	O
contact	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
was	O
tested	O
by	O
analysis	O
of	O
variance	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Higher	O
Impact	O
of	O
Event	O
Scale	O
scores	O
are	O
found	O
in	O
nurses	O
and	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
having	O
contact	O
with	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
PLpro	O
can	O
cleave	O
in	O
trans	O
at	O
the	O
three	O
predicted	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
requires	O
membrane	B-COMP
association	O
to	O
process	O
the	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
are	O
promising	O
for	O
the	O
prospects	O
of	O
S	O
-	O
gene	O
exchange	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
7a	O
,	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
specifically	O
encoded	O
by	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
induces	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
via	O
a	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
SCoV	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
simple	O
and	O
highly	O
specific	O
assay	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
SCoV	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
screening	O
specific	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
BALF	O
)	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
contained	O
mediators	O
that	O
would	O
activate	O
procollagen	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
and	O
if	O
this	O
activation	O
predicted	O
important	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
was	O
collected	O
within	O
48	O
h	O
of	O
intubation	O
from	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
nine	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
nine	O
negative	O
and	O
six	O
positive	O
controls	O
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

BALF	O
from	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
induced	O
41	O
%	O
greater	O
procollagen	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
activation	O
than	O
that	O
from	O
negative	O
controls	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta1	I-PRGE
blocking	B-DISO
antibody	B-COMP
significantly	O
reduced	O
this	O
activation	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Procollagen	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
activation	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
lower	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta1	I-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
more	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
and	O
ICU	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
branching	O
model	O
for	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
animal	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
varying	O
environments	O
.	O

Femoral	B-ANAT
and	O
jugular	B-ANAT
veins	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
femoral	B-ANAT
and	O
carotid	B-ANAT
arteries	I-ANAT
were	O
instrumented	O
for	O
the	O
AV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
circuit	O
,	O
systemic	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
pressure	O
monitoring	O
,	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
determination	O
(	O
thermodilution	O
technique	O
).	O

The	O
outcome	O
measures	O
were	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
inotropic	O
and	O
ventilator	O
support	O
needed	O
to	O
maintain	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
stability	O
and	O
normocapnia	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Traditional	O
approaches	O
to	O
mechanical	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
require	O
adaptation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
patient	O
to	O
the	O
mechanical	O
ventilator	O
using	O
heavy	O
sedation	B-DISO
and	O
even	O
muscle	B-DISO
relaxation	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
differs	O
from	O
the	O
previously	O
described	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
229E	O
and	O
OC43	O
.	O

Various	O
experiments	O
were	O
carried	O
out	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
immobilization	O
efficiency	O
and	O
hybridization	B-PROC
assays	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
modified	O
slides	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
then	O
used	O
tentatively	O
in	O
the	O
preparation	O
of	O
microarrays	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
detection	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
modified	O
slide	O
surface	O
is	O
satisfactory	O
to	O
immobilize	O
unmodified	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
by	O
covalent	B-PROC
binding	B-FUNC
,	O
which	O
enhances	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
prepared	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
microarray	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
slide	O
surface	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
dynamic	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
specific	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
convalescents	O
who	O
have	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
curve	O
of	O
level	O
of	O
IgG	B-PRGE
was	O
drawn	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
change	O
by	O
the	O
specific	O
month	O
in	O
the	O
year	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
IgG	O
level	O
peaked	O
in	O
July	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
203	O
),	O
about	O
35	O
days	O
after	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
then	O
gradually	O
declined	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
857	O
in	O
December	O
,	O
a	O
decline	O
by	O
27	O
.	O
3	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
confirmed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
),	O
namely	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	B-SPEC
.	O
Developing	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccines	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
possible	O
reemergence	O
of	O
its	O
epidemic	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Rapid	O
and	O
potent	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
induced	O
by	O
the	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
eight	O
test	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
.	O

Cross	O
neutralization	O
response	O
existed	O
between	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
F69	I-PRGE
strain	O
and	O
Z2	O
-	O
Y3	O
strain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diagnosis	O
and	O
pharmacotherapy	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
what	O
have	O
we	O
learnt	O
?	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
worldwide	O
chaos	B-SPEC
.	O

Medline	O
reviews	O
and	O
reviews	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
journals	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
this	O
period	O
.	O

The	O
latest	O
guidelines	O
and	O
publications	O
on	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
resistance	B-PROC
,	O
nursing	B-PROC
or	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
professional	O
staffing	O
,	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
included	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sepsis	B-SPEC
strategies	O
:	O
an	O
ICU	O
package	O
?	O

Although	O
a	O
specific	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agent	I-CHED
and	O
vaccines	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
not	O
available	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
writing	O
,	O
a	O
standard	O
treatment	O
protocol	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O

Maintaining	O
personal	O
hygiene	O
and	O
frequent	O
hand	O
washing	O
can	O
also	O
reduce	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Increasingly	O
we	O
have	O
found	O
that	O
proteomic	O
approaches	O
allow	O
the	O
rapid	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
whole	O
plethora	O
of	O
cell	B-PATH
cycle	I-PATH
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
may	O
be	O
affected	O
by	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Rapid	O
progress	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
in	O
understanding	O
the	O
clinical	O
disease	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
adults	O
and	O
children	O
.	O

Such	O
variants	O
will	O
be	O
platforms	O
for	O
the	O
safe	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
candidates	O
for	O
live	O
attenuated	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Numerous	O
approaches	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccines	O
have	O
been	O
undertaken	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
evidence	O
that	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
protective	O
from	O
replication	O
and	O
pathology	B-DISO
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
special	O
supplement	O
of	O
Nature	O
Medicine	O
,	O
directed	O
at	O
the	O
topic	O
of	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
is	O
very	O
timely	O
.	O

Recent	O
high	O
-	O
profile	O
outbreaks	O
have	O
highlighted	O
the	O
global	O
risk	O
that	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
,	O
both	O
new	O
and	O
old	O
,	O
represent	O
for	O
society	O
.	O

Diseases	O
such	O
as	O
drug	O
-	O
resistant	O
malaria	B-PATH
continue	O
to	O
be	O
threats	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
need	O
to	O
enhance	O
global	O
resources	O
to	O
investigate	O
,	O
detect	O
and	O
respond	O
to	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
to	O
appropriately	O
coordinate	O
and	O
direct	O
research	O
efforts	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
challenges	O
presented	O
by	O
these	O
diseases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
previously	O
unrecognized	O
animal	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
exploited	O
opportunities	O
provided	O
by	O
'	O
wet	O
markets	O
'	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
to	O
adapt	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
readily	O
transmissible	O
between	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Features	O
independently	O
predictive	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
were	O
modeled	O
by	O
multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
tool	O
with	O
100	O
%	O
specificity	O
for	O
dengue	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
combination	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
plus	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
appears	O
to	O
be	O
better	O
than	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
alone	O
.	O

For	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
72	O
Sprague	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Dawley	I-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
weighing	O
250	O
to	O
300	O
g	O
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
uncontrolled	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
for	O
150	O
minutes	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
limiting	O
inducible	O
NO	B-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
-	O
generated	O
NO	O
availability	O
with	O
the	O
exogenous	O
NO	O
donor	B-CHED
,	O
sodium	B-CHED
nitroprusside	I-CHED
,	O
may	O
reduce	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
after	O
severe	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
possibly	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
effects	O
,	O
by	O
downregulating	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Under	O
a	O
new	O
accreditation	O
standard	O
,	O
EDs	O
and	O
all	O
departments	O
must	O
be	O
prepared	O
to	O
handle	O
an	O
influx	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
an	O
influx	O
,	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
not	O
only	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immunogen	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
also	O
can	O
elicit	O
broad	O
-	O
based	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
ectodomain	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
is	O
localized	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
CHO	B-FUNC
-	O
SG	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
N	O
-	O
acetyl	B-CHED
-	O
glucosamine	B-CHED
-	O
terminated	O
carbohydrate	B-CHED
structure	O
.	O

CHO	B-FUNC
-	O
SG	O
cells	B-COMP
associated	O
tightly	O
with	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
a	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
expressing	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
line	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
interaction	O
remained	O
stable	O
under	O
highly	O
stringent	O
condition	B-DISO
(	O
1M	O
NaCl	B-CHED
).	O

We	O
find	O
that	O
some	O
normal	O
human	B-SPEC
subjects	O
expire	O
many	O
more	O
bioaerosol	O
particles	O
than	O
other	O
individuals	O
during	O
quiet	O
breathing	B-PROC
and	O
therefore	O
bear	B-SPEC
the	O
burden	O
of	O
production	O
of	O
exhaled	B-PROC
bioaerosols	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Using	O
paired	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
illness	O
associated	O
with	O
increases	O
in	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
)	O
or	O
anti	O
-	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
we	O
examined	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
false	O
-	O
positive	O
results	O
detected	O
in	O
a	O
recombinant	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
G	B-PROC
enzyme	I-PROC
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
).	O

Being	O
a	O
healthcare	O
worker	O
,	O
severity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
symptoms	O
,	O
steroid	B-CHED
dosage	O
,	O
and	O
social	O
support	O
accounted	O
for	O
a	O
portion	O
of	O
variances	O
of	O
different	O
measures	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
acute	O
onset	O
of	O
hypoxemia	O
with	O
radiographic	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
consistent	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
without	O
elevations	O
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
capillary	I-ANAT
wedge	O
pressure	O
.	O

Interest	O
in	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
has	O
recently	O
been	O
renewed	O
as	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
other	O
perioperative	O
complications	O
has	O
declined	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Pre	O
-	O
hospital	O
systematic	O
treatment	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
organophosphorus	B-CHED
pesticide	I-CHED
poisoning	O
].	O

Antidotes	B-CHED
including	O
pralidoxime	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
and	O
atropine	B-CHED
were	O
used	O
simultaneously	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
patients	O
'	O
conditions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Induction	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
release	B-PATH
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
via	O
activator	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
by	O
recombinant	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
displaying	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
:	O
identification	O
of	O
two	O
functional	O
regions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chemokines	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Chemokines	O
and	O
their	O
receptors	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
several	O
diseases	O
.	O

Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
that	O
clinically	O
manifests	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
an	O
uncontrolled	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
resulting	O
from	O
clinical	O
events	O
including	O
major	O
surgery	O
,	O
trauma	O
,	O
multiple	O
transfusions	O
,	O
severe	O
burns	O
,	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
involves	O
activation	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
and	O
sequestered	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
issues	O
and	O
research	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Severe	O
imported	O
malaria	B-PATH
in	O
adults	O
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
32	O
cases	O
admitted	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
].	O

All	O
patients	O
acquired	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
in	O
sub	O
-	O
Sahara	O
Africa	O
and	O
25	O
patients	O
were	O
nonimmune	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
time	O
from	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
and	O
treatment	O
initiation	O
was	O
6	O
days	O
.	O

Mean	O
parasitemia	B-DISO
on	O
admission	O
was	O
15	O
%.	O

Severe	O
imported	O
malaria	B-PATH
remains	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
bad	O
outcome	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
precise	O
mechanism	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
persistence	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
remains	O
elusive	O
.	O

Significantly	O
,	O
overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
xL	I-PRGE
alone	O
was	O
sufficient	O
to	O
convert	O
acute	O
to	O
persistent	O
,	O
nonproductive	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
CG	O
-	O
4	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
data	O
also	O
suggest	O
that	O
direct	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
interaction	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
regulate	O
viral	O
persistence	O
in	O
CNS	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
golden	O
Syrian	B-SPEC
hamsters	I-SPEC
.	O

Hamsters	B-SPEC
challenged	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
at	O
day	O
28	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

were	O
completely	O
protected	O
from	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
accompanying	O
pathology	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

Potential	O
pathophysiologic	O
mechanisms	O
linking	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
,	O
methemoglobin	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
carboxyhemoglobin	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hCoV	O
)	O
groups	O
I	O
(	O
229E	O
-	O
like	O
)	O
and	O
II	O
(	O
OC43	O
-	O
like	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
),	O
types	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
were	O
searched	O
for	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
alone	O
.	O

When	O
results	O
obtained	O
by	O
both	O
methods	O
were	O
added	O
,	O
the	O
overall	O
percentage	O
of	O
patients	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
respiratory	O
virus	O
peaked	O
at	O
44	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
involving	O
92	O
/	O
208	O
patients	O
(	O
81	O
pediatric	O
,	O
and	O
11	O
adults	O
),	O
while	O
116	O
patients	O
(	O
55	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
any	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
tested	O
.	O

In	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
present	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
frequently	O
with	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

the	O
combination	O
of	O
immunological	O
and	O
molecular	O
assays	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
sensitive	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
;	O
and	O
infections	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
the	O
less	O
investigated	O
hCoVs	O
and	O
hMPVs	O
represent	O
a	O
fair	O
proportion	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
commercial	O
recombinant	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
microtitre	O
plate	O
enzyme	O
immunoassay	O
,	O
ELISARS	O
is	O
described	O
.	O

The	O
implication	O
of	O
differences	O
in	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	O
protein	B-CHED
deserves	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

The	O
model	O
'	O
s	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
strategies	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
previously	O
unexposed	O
community	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
.	O

The	O
titer	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
up	O
to	O
1	O
:	O
640	O
.	O

In	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
adjuvants	B-CHED
or	O
PEG	B-CHED
precipitated	O
GZ50	O
,	O
specific	O
IgA	B-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
in	O
tracheal	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
wash	O
fluid	O
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
recently	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Seroconversion	O
for	O
IgG	B-PRGE
(	O
mean	O
10	O
days	O
)	O
occurred	O
simultaneously	O
,	O
or	O
1	O
day	O
earlier	O
,	O
than	O
that	O
for	O
IgM	B-PRGE
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
(	O
mean	O
11	O
days	O
for	O
both	O
).	O

Its	O
specificity	O
was	O
verified	O
by	O
inclusion	O
of	O
control	O
samples	O
containing	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
in	O
each	O
analysis	O
.	O

Determination	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
yield	O
indicated	O
highly	O
synergistic	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
action	O
of	O
the	O
combination	O
suggesting	O
the	O
consideration	O
of	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
plus	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
distribution	O
and	O
viral	O
load	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
Toronto	O
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
structure	O
and	O
replication	O
.	O

We	O
review	O
the	O
experimental	O
evidence	O
that	O
led	O
us	O
to	O
formulate	O
a	O
third	O
model	O
proposing	O
that	O
the	O
discontinuous	O
event	O
in	O
coronavirus	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
occurs	O
during	O
minus	O
strand	O
synthesis	B-PROC
.	O

Besides	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
,	O
RNA	B-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
protease	O
activities	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
common	O
to	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replicase	B-PRGE
was	O
recently	O
predicted	O
to	O
employ	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
RNA	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
enzymes	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
(	O
or	O
extremely	O
rarely	O
)	O
found	O
in	O
other	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
include	O
putative	O
sequence	O
-	O
specific	O
endoribonuclease	O
,	O
3	O
'-	O
to	O
-	O
5	O
'	O
exoribonuclease	O
,	O
2	B-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ribose	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
,	O
ADP	B-PRGE
ribose	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
"""-"	I-PRGE
phosphatase	B-FUNC
and	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
group	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
cyclic	O
phosphodiesterase	B-PROC
activities	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
the	O
largest	O
RNA	O
virus	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
employs	O
complex	O
mechanisms	O
and	O
involves	O
various	O
viral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Genetic	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
involved	O
in	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

A	O
new	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
vectors	O
based	O
on	O
single	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genomes	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
essential	O
genes	O
have	O
been	O
deleted	O
,	O
has	O
emerged	O
including	O
replication	O
-	O
competent	O
,	O
propagation	O
-	O
deficient	O
vectors	O
.	O

This	O
system	O
represents	O
a	O
generic	O
approach	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
reverse	O
genetics	O
and	O
was	O
first	O
described	O
for	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
recombinant	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
representing	O
a	O
group	O
I	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
include	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
recombinant	O
DNA	O
yeast	B-SPEC
technology	O
(	O
aerobically	O
grown	O
Saccharomyces	B-SPEC
cerevisiae	I-SPEC
).	O

Previously	O
,	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
equine	B-SPEC
arteritis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EAV	B-SPEC
)	O
nsp10	O
ZBD	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
block	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
reproduction	B-PROC
by	O
disrupting	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
possibly	O
virion	B-COMP
biogenesis	B-PROC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
characterized	O
the	O
ATPase	B-PRGE
and	O
helicase	B-PRGE
activities	O
of	O
bacterially	O
expressed	B-PROC
mutant	B-DISO
forms	O
of	O
nsp10	O
and	O
its	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
ortholog	O
,	O
nsp13	O
,	O
and	O
correlated	O
these	O
in	O
vitro	O
activities	O
with	O
specific	O
virus	B-SPEC
phenotypes	O
.	O

Replacement	O
of	O
conserved	O
Cys	B-CHED
or	O
His	O
residues	O
with	O
Ala	B-CHED
proved	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
deleterious	O
than	O
Cys	B-CHED
-	O
for	O
-	O
His	O
or	O
His	O
-	O
for	O
-	O
Cys	B-CHED
replacements	O
.	O

Consistently	O
,	O
no	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
was	O
detected	O
after	O
transfection	B-PROC
of	O
EAV	B-PRGE
full	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
length	I-PRGE
RNAs	I-PRGE
encoding	I-PRGE
ATPase	B-ENZY
/	O
helicase	B-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
nsp10	O
into	O
susceptible	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
the	O
past	O
3	O
years	O
,	O
several	O
novel	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
were	O
discovered	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
describe	O
the	O
natural	O
history	O
,	O
viral	O
dynamics	O
,	O
and	O
immunobiology	O
of	O
feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
a	O
highly	O
lethal	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
pathogenic	O
phenomena	O
described	O
here	O
likely	O
bear	O
relevance	O
to	O
other	O
severe	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
in	O
particular	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
for	O
which	O
multiphasic	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
lymphopenia	B-DISO
have	O
also	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

Group	O
D	O
served	O
as	O
a	O
control	O
of	O
pAPN	O
treatment	O
or	O
PEDV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Continuously	O
high	O
SOFA	O
score	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
more	O
significant	O
circulatory	B-PROC
instability	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
treatment	O
,	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
a	O
higher	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
adrenaline	B-CHED
use	O
,	O
and	O
continuously	O
increased	O
CRP	B-PRGE
values	O
during	O
the	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
treatment	O
(	O
day	O
7	O
-	O
14	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
all	O
of	O
it	O
signalized	O
unfavourable	O
results	O
.	O

A	O
favourable	O
turn	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
was	O
signalized	O
by	O
a	O
drop	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-PRGE
CRP	I-PRGE
and	O
by	O
a	O
decreasing	O
need	O
for	O
vasopressors	O
medication	O
.	O

In	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
debate	O
concerning	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
long	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
chain	I-CHED
fatty	I-CHED
acids	I-CHED
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
physical	O
mixtures	O
of	O
medium	O
-	O
and	O
long	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
chain	I-CHED
fatty	I-CHED
acids	I-CHED
,	O
specifically	O
regarding	O
their	O
effects	O
on	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
still	O
remains	O
unresolved	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
lipids	B-CHED
,	O
in	O
particular	O
n	O
-	O
3	O
fatty	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
,	O
emerge	O
as	O
powerful	O
nutrients	B-CHED
with	O
pharmacologic	O
properties	O
potentially	O
improving	O
prognosis	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
larger	O
prospective	O
,	O
randomized	O
,	O
double	O
-	O
blind	B-DISO
trials	O
with	O
comparable	O
methodologies	O
are	O
necessary	O
for	O
detailed	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
pharmacologic	O
impact	O
of	O
lipids	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
a	O
better	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
genotypic	O
variation	O
and	O
postinjury	O
inflammatory	O
/	O
immune	O
temporal	O
patterns	O
may	O
improve	O
our	O
current	O
therapeutic	O
use	O
of	O
various	O
fatty	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Patients	O
who	O
experience	O
severe	O
trauma	O
are	O
at	O
increased	O
risk	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Current	O
trends	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
consist	O
of	O
maintaining	O
acceptable	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
while	O
limiting	O
ventilator	O
-	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
is	O
a	O
mode	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
that	O
maintains	O
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
to	O
limit	O
intra	O
tidal	O
recruitment	B-DISO
/	O
derecruitment	O
and	O
improves	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
while	O
limiting	O
over	O
distension	B-DISO
.	O

Mechanical	O
ventilation	O
with	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
permits	B-SPEC
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
throughout	O
the	O
entire	O
respiratory	O
cycle	O
,	O
improves	O
patient	O
comfort	O
,	O
reduces	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
sedation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
may	O
reduce	O
ventilator	O
days	O
.	O

Their	O
treatment	O
modalities	O
included	O
empirical	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
steroids	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
viral	I-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
histological	O
findings	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
renal	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
,	O
done	O
at	O
21	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
revealed	O
mild	O
mesangial	B-DISO
proliferative	I-DISO
glomerulonephritis	I-DISO
with	O
mesangial	O
IgA	B-PRGE
deposition	O
.	O

This	O
inter	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
crossing	O
is	O
promoted	O
by	O
various	O
circumstances	O
:	O
environmental	O
and	O
climatic	O
variations	O
,	O
bioterrorism	O
,	O
evolutive	O
potential	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
etc	O
.	O

But	O
group	O
2	O
AB	O
were	O
under	O
-	O
prescribed	O
in	O
25	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
severe	O
obstructive	O
CB	O
.	O

This	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
-	O
based	O
dot	O
blot	O
hybridization	B-PROC
increased	O
1000	O
-	O
fold	O
in	O
sensitivity	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
100	O
-	O
fold	O
for	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
;	O
weakly	O
positive	O
bands	O
in	O
the	O
agarose	B-CHED
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
gave	O
a	O
clear	O
positive	O
result	O
with	O
dot	O
blot	O
hybridization	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Generation	O
of	O
a	O
recombinant	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
using	O
transient	O
dominant	O
selection	O
.	O

Recombinant	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
expressing	O
a	O
heterologous	O
spike	O
gene	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
determinant	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
user	O
seal	B-SPEC
check	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
surrogate	O
fit	B-DISO
test	O
.	O

Control	O
measures	O
for	O
MRSA	B-DISO
include	O
the	O
screening	O
of	O
patient	O
lesions	O
,	O
isolating	O
or	O
cohorting	O
patients	O
who	O
are	O
already	O
infected	O
,	O
covering	O
wounds	O
with	O
impermeable	O
dressings	O
,	O
treating	O
staff	O
and	O
patient	O
carriers	O
with	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
improved	O
hygiene	O
.	O

Control	O
measures	O
for	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
difficile	I-SPEC
Control	O
measures	O
include	O
paying	O
close	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
hygiene	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
setting	O
,	O
disinfecting	O
using	O
bleach	O
and	O
the	O
isolation	O
of	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
had	O
more	O
severe	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
013	O
)	O
and	O
anemia	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
),	O
and	O
more	O
persistent	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
023	O
).	O

Respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
developed	O
in	O
15	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
in	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
patients	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
series	O
,	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
and	O
anemia	B-DISO
were	O
more	O
severe	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
had	O
more	O
persistent	O
and	O
more	O
new	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
after	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surgical	O
treatment	O
of	O
tracheoesophageal	B-DISO
fistula	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
extensive	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

Thirty	O
three	O
days	O
after	O
admission	O
,	O
she	O
underwent	O
tracheostomy	O
because	O
of	O
difficulty	O
in	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
ventilator	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
since	O
sequencing	O
methods	O
can	O
read	O
fragments	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
1000	O
bp	O
only	O
,	O
methods	O
for	O
sequence	O
assembling	O
are	O
required	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
read	O
whole	O
genomes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
complete	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
of	O
rare	O
isolates	O
(	O
minor	O
genotype	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
first	O
few	O
cases	O
emerged	O
.	O

The	O
discovery	O
of	O
this	O
minor	O
genotype	O
,	O
GD	O
-	O
Ins29	O
,	O
suggests	O
a	O
significant	O
genetic	O
event	O
and	O
differentiates	O
it	O
from	O
the	O
previously	O
reported	O
genotype	O
,	O
the	O
dominant	O
form	O
among	O
all	O
sequenced	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
.	O

It	O
provides	O
a	O
new	O
avenue	O
for	O
the	O
exploration	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
host	B-COMP
interaction	I-PROC
in	O
viral	O
evolution	B-PROC
,	O
host	B-COMP
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
:	O
basic	O
structural	O
and	O
immunological	O
properties	O
.	O

The	O
functional	O
domains	O
in	O
all	O
NSPs	O
of	O
the	O
R	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
give	O
different	O
phylogenetic	O
results	O
that	O
suggest	O
their	O
different	O
mutation	O
rate	O
under	O
selective	O
pressure	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
epidemiologic	O
linkage	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
within	O
an	O
extended	O
family	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
in	O
Pena	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Shokeir	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
she	O
is	O
the	O
oldest	O
living	O
individual	O
with	O
Pena	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Shokeir	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
only	O
such	O
patient	O
whose	O
intelligence	O
was	O
not	O
impaired	B-DISO
.	O

Rooted	O
phylogenetic	O
trees	O
,	O
proposed	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
haplotypes	O
and	O
other	O
sequence	O
variations	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
from	O
Canada	O
,	O
USA	O
,	O
Singapore	O
,	O
and	O
China	O
,	O
gave	O
rise	O
to	O
different	O
paradigms	O
but	O
positioned	O
the	O
BJ	O
Group	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
newly	O
discovered	O
GD01	O
(	O
GD	O
-	O
Ins29	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
clade	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
H	O
-	O
U	O
Group	O
(	O
from	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
to	O
USA	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
H	O
-	O
T	O
Group	O
(	O
from	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
to	O
Toronto	O
),	O
leaving	O
the	O
SP	O
Group	O
(	O
Singapore	O
)	O
more	O
distant	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
its	O
antigenicity	O
,	O
the	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
challenged	O
with	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
normal	O
controls	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	O
protein	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
antigenic	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

All	O
patient	O
sera	B-COMP
in	O
this	O
study	O
displayed	O
strong	O
positive	O
immunoreactivities	O
against	O
the	O
recombinant	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
whereas	O
normal	O
sera	B-COMP
gave	O
negative	O
immunoresponses	O
to	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
antigenic	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

One	O
epitope	B-CHED
site	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminus	O
was	O
confirmed	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
antigenic	O
region	O
in	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evolution	B-PROC
and	O
variation	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
pathogens	O
is	O
of	O
great	O
medical	O
and	O
biological	O
significance	O
to	O
the	O
prevention	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
therapy	O
of	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genome	O
organization	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Annotation	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
indispensable	O
to	O
understand	O
its	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Totally	O
,	O
21	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
)	O
of	O
genes	O
or	O
putative	O
uncharacterized	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
PUPs	O
)	O
were	O
predicted	O
.	O

After	O
three	O
rounds	O
of	O
panning	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
,	O
phage	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
specifically	O
enriched	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
prepared	O
recombinant	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
mAbs	O
against	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
lay	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
further	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
assays	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Besides	O
,	O
the	O
expressions	O
of	O
TCR	B-PRGE
Vbeta1	I-PRGE
,	O
Vbeta5	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
Vbeta5	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
Vbeta7	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
Vbeta9	O
,	O
Vbeta11	O
,	O
Vbeta13	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
Vbeta13	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
Vbeta17	O
,	O
Vbeta18	O
,	O
Vbeta22	O
and	O
Vbeta23	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
group	O
were	O
all	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
normal	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
with	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
encoded	O
different	O
gene	O
fragments	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

After	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
intramuscularly	O
with	O
pcDNAM	O
,	O
pcDNAN	O
or	O
pcDNASa	O
-	O
pcDNASb	O
plasmid	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
was	O
collected	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
was	O
separated	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
results	O
not	O
only	O
suggest	O
that	O
DNA	O
immunization	O
with	O
pcDNAM	O
,	O
pcDNAN	O
or	O
pcDNASa	O
-	O
pcDNASb	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
potential	O
DNA	O
vaccination	O
approaches	O
to	O
induce	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
also	O
to	O
illustrate	O
that	O
gene	O
immunization	O
with	O
these	O
SARS	B-DISO
DNA	O
vaccines	O
different	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
characters	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
tertiary	O
structural	O
comparisons	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
the	O
s2m	O
RNA	O
binds	B-FUNC
one	O
or	O
more	O
proteins	B-CHED
possessing	O
an	O
oligomer	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
-	O
like	O
fold	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
suggest	O
a	O
possible	O
mechanism	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
viral	O
RNA	O
hijacking	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
protein	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
both	O
based	O
upon	O
observed	O
s2m	O
RNA	O
macromolecular	O
mimicry	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
relevant	O
ribosomal	B-COMP
RNA	I-COMP
fold	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
preliminary	O
investigation	O
on	O
the	O
serological	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
].	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
Specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
assayed	O
with	O
two	O
methods	O
,	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
for	O
detecting	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
and	O
enzyme	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
for	O
mixed	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
response	O
of	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
CoV	O
in	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Specific	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
contacts	O
to	O
patients	O
,	O
five	O
months	O
before	O
an	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

All	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
were	O
positive	O
except	O
one	O
by	O
immunity	B-PROC
adherence	O
test	O
.	O

Autopsy	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
sections	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
stained	O
with	O
ascites	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
M2	O
strain	O
)	O
by	O
immunohistochemical	O
technique	O
.	O

Brown	O
particles	O
were	O
seen	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
autopsy	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Brown	O
particles	O
were	O
seen	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
autopsy	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Bilateral	O
femoral	B-ANAT
and	O
tibial	B-ANAT
marrow	O
edema	B-DISO
were	O
found	O
in	O
one	O
case	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Foundations	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
preparedness	O
and	O
response	O
plan	B-DISO
for	O
healthcare	O
facilities	O
.	O

The	O
recommendations	O
in	O
the	O
CDC	O
document	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
important	O
lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
in	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
of	O
2003	O
,	O
including	O
that	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
requires	O
a	O
coordinated	O
and	O
dynamic	O
response	O
by	O
multiple	O
groups	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
unrecognized	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
are	O
a	O
significant	O
source	O
of	O
transmission	O
;	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
restricting	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
healthcare	O
facility	O
can	O
minimize	O
transmission	O
;	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
airborne	O
infection	B-DISO
isolation	O
is	O
recommended	O
,	O
but	O
facilities	O
and	O
equipment	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
available	O
;	O
and	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
staffing	O
needs	O
and	O
support	O
will	O
pose	O
a	O
significant	O
challenge	O
.	O

Better	O
training	O
and	O
improvements	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
infrastructure	O
may	O
limit	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
auditory	O
meatus	O
temperature	O
is	O
a	O
superior	O
alternative	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
forehead	B-ANAT
body	B-ANAT
surface	O
temperature	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
close	O
approximation	O
to	O
the	O
tympanic	O
temperature	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
large	O
-	O
volume	O
nebulizer	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
source	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Dynamic	O
hyperinflation	B-DISO
affects	O
tidal	O
ventilation	O
,	O
increases	O
airways	O
resistance	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
causes	O
intrinsic	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
auto	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
PEEP	I-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
explored	O
whether	O
nurses	O
who	O
were	O
working	O
during	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
crisis	O
showed	O
symptoms	O
of	O
distress	O
.	O

Synergistic	O
activation	O
by	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
/	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
induced	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
IFNgamma	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
in	O
Mphi	O
from	O
both	O
mouse	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

For	O
pneumococcal	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
,	O
PCR	O
adds	O
little	O
to	O
existing	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
unable	O
to	O
distinguish	O
pneumococcal	O
colonization	O
from	O
infection	B-DISO
when	O
testing	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
intent	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
recovery	O
of	O
individuals	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
year	O
following	O
their	O
discharge	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
after	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
High	B-PRGE
mobility	I-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
box	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
late	O
mediator	O
of	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
that	O
contributes	O
to	O
endotoxin	O
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
lethality	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
results	O
in	O
increased	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
primarily	O
through	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
sources	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
participates	O
in	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

On	O
discharge	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
18	O
(	O
40	O
%)	O
remained	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
positive	O
in	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
site	O
.	O

A	O
significant	O
proportion	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
patients	O
remained	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
positive	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
for	O
a	O
substantial	O
duration	O
after	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
Toronto	O
critical	O
care	O
community	O
has	O
learned	B-PROC
important	O
lessons	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
will	O
help	O
in	O
preparation	O
for	O
future	O
disease	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
develops	O
in	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
ELISA	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
developed	O
by	O
using	O
antibody	B-COMP
with	O
the	O
highest	O
affinity	O
.	O

The	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
has	O
good	O
specificity	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
SARS	B-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Potent	O
neutralization	O
antibody	B-COMP
elicited	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
S1	O
domain	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
antigenicity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
spike	O
S1	O
(	O
12	O
-	O
672Aa	O
)	O
domain	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
207	O
oral	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
in	O
16	O
collections	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
suspected	O
influenza	B-DISO
outbreak	O
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
construct	O
a	O
recombinant	O
plasmid	O
Pet23a	O
-	O
M	O
,	O
the	O
gene	O
encoding	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
was	O
amplified	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
cloned	O
into	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
plasmid	O
Pet23a	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
(	O
ORF	O
)	O
7a	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
encodes	O
a	O
unique	O
type	O
I	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
unknown	O
function	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
orf7a	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
retained	O
intracellularly	O
.	O

Unexpectedly	O
,	O
Abs	O
that	O
neutralized	O
most	O
human	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoproteins	B-CHED
enhanced	O
entry	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
civet	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
S	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
66	O
patients	O
with	O
cases	O
of	O
what	O
was	O
initially	O
suspected	O
to	O
be	O
SARS	B-DISO
but	O
serologically	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
negative	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
in	O
197	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
healthy	O
donors	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
febrile	B-PROC
patients	O
.	O

N	O
protein	B-CHED
detection	O
exhibited	O
a	O
high	O
positive	O
rate	O
,	O
96	O
to	O
100	O
%,	O
between	O
day	O
3	O
and	O
day	O
5	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
for	O
27	O
neutralization	O
test	O
-	O
positive	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
298	O
serologically	O
confirmed	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Research	O
gaps	O
in	O
protecting	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
:	O
an	O
interdisciplinary	O
,	O
multi	O
-	O
stakeholder	O
,	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
approach	O
.	O

Proper	O
disposal	O
of	O
patient	O
excreta	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fulminant	O
varicella	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
immunocompetent	O
young	O
adult	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
of	O
limited	O
benefit	O
in	O
the	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
chemokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
118	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
118	O
hospitalized	O
young	O
children	O
aged	O
less	O
than	O
2	O
years	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
who	O
were	O
not	O
infected	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
or	O
B	O
,	O
or	O
human	B-SPEC
metaneumovirus	O
were	O
selected	O
.	O

The	O
current	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
examine	O
retrospectively	O
stored	O
specimens	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
using	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
1a	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
1b	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
positive	O
individuals	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
most	O
commonly	O
with	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
(	O
LRT	B-ANAT
)	O
disease	O
(	O
81	O
%).	O

It	O
was	O
shown	O
that	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
LRT	B-ANAT
disease	O
in	O
an	O
Australian	O
hospital	O
setting	O
during	O
the	O
cooler	O
months	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
.	O

We	O
propose	O
that	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
global	O
and	O
seasonal	O
pathogen	O
of	O
both	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
LRT	B-ANAT
illness	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
eight	O
human	B-SPEC
MAbs	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
six	O
of	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
mapped	O
to	O
two	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
structural	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
:	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
and	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
complete	O
set	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
MAbs	I-PRGE
described	O
here	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
chemoprophylaxis	O
,	O
and	O
therapy	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
identified	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
active	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
)	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
by	O
determining	O
the	O
effect	O
on	O
model	O
membrane	B-COMP
integrity	O
of	O
a	O
16	O
/	O
18	O
-	O
mer	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
peptide	B-CHED
library	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
two	O
neutralizing	O
regions	O
on	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
produced	O
from	O
the	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
system	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
plays	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
and	O
potentially	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
against	O
this	O
virulent	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

High	O
titer	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
immunoglobulin	I-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
elicited	O
in	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
DNA	O
against	O
various	O
segments	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Sero	O
-	O
epidemiological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
in	O
Gansu	O
Province	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Increased	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
to	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
type	O
I	O
and	O
type	O
II	O
interferons	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
siRNA	O
-	O
induced	O
RNA	B-PROC
interference	I-PROC
(	O
RNAi	B-PROC
)	O
may	O
provide	O
a	O
new	O
approach	O
to	O
therapy	O
for	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
HCV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Primary	B-DISO
graft	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
PGF	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
syndrome	B-DISO
that	O
occurs	O
following	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

Survivors	O
of	O
PGF	B-CHED
have	O
a	O
protracted	O
recovery	O
with	O
impaired	B-DISO
physical	O
function	O
up	O
to	O
1	O
year	O
following	O
transplantation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
assess	O
the	O
burden	O
of	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)-	O
associated	O
lower	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
LRI	O
)	O
in	O
children	O
in	O
four	O
developing	O
countries	O
.	O

Among	O
children	O
aged	O
<	O
5	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
RSV	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
LRI	O
per	O
1000	O
child	O
-	O
years	O
was	O
34	O
in	O
Indonesia	O
and	O
94	O
in	O
Nigeria	O
.	O

These	O
studies	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
RSV	B-PRGE
contributes	O
to	O
a	O
substantial	O
but	O
quite	O
variable	O
burden	O
of	O
LRI	O
in	O
children	O
aged	O
<	O
5	O
years	O
in	O
four	O
developing	O
countries	O
.	O

The	O
possible	O
explanations	O
for	O
this	O
variation	O
include	O
social	O
factors	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
family	B-SPEC
size	O
and	O
patterns	O
of	O
seeking	O
health	O
care	O
;	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
children	O
infected	O
by	O
human	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
);	O
and	O
differences	O
in	O
clinical	O
definitions	O
used	O
for	O
obtaining	O
samples	O
.	O

These	O
peptides	B-CHED
strongly	O
partitioned	O
into	O
lipid	B-CHED
membranes	B-ANAT
and	O
induced	O
lipid	B-CHED
vesicle	B-COMP
permeabilization	O
at	O
peptide	B-CHED
/	O
lipid	B-CHED
ratios	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
100	O
in	O
two	O
independent	O
leakage	B-DISO
assays	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
partitioning	O
of	O
the	O
peptides	B-CHED
into	O
the	O
lipid	B-CHED
interface	O
is	O
sufficient	O
to	O
disorganize	O
membrane	B-COMP
integrity	O
.	O

No	O
evidence	O
of	O
direct	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
esophagus	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
stomach	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
salivary	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
the	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
is	O
another	O
target	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
are	O
infected	O
.	O

No	O
evidence	O
of	O
direct	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
esophagus	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
stomach	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
salivary	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
the	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
differential	O
gene	O
expression	O
profiling	O
of	O
PBMCs	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
strongly	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
response	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
affected	O
patients	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
mainly	O
an	O
innate	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
,	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
specific	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
a	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
we	O
observed	O
a	O
complete	O
lack	O
of	O
cytokine	O
genes	O
usually	O
triggered	O
during	O
a	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Problem	O
severity	O
in	O
the	O
ED	O
and	O
stress	O
levels	O
of	O
ED	O
staff	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
catastrophe	O
were	O
rated	O
from	O
mild	O
(	O
1	O
point	O
)	O
to	O
severe	O
(	O
5	O
points	O
).	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
)	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
male	O
patients	O
,	O
a	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
increase	O
in	O
percentage	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
(>	O
38	O
degrees	O
C	O
),	O
and	O
a	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
increase	O
in	O
chief	O
complaint	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
in	O
period	O
2	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
stress	O
experienced	O
by	O
either	O
physicians	O
or	O
nurses	O
occurred	O
during	O
emergency	B-DISO
resuscitation	O
(	O
median	O
stress	O
rating	O
point	O
,	O
4	O
;	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
1	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
catastrophe	O
affected	O
the	O
ED	O
visit	O
volume	O
,	O
finances	O
,	O
various	O
patient	O
characteristics	O
,	O
and	O
stress	O
levels	O
in	O
the	O
ED	O
physicians	O
and	O
nurses	O
.	O

This	O
newly	O
discovered	O
virus	B-SPEC
may	O
have	O
worldwide	O
distribution	O
and	O
may	O
account	O
for	O
a	O
significant	O
proportion	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
infants	O
and	O
young	O
children	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
MAbs	O
)	O
that	O
neutralize	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
could	O
provide	O
protection	O
for	O
exposed	O
individuals	O
.	O

Two	O
neutralizing	O
epitopes	O
were	O
defined	O
for	O
MAbs	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
authors	O
recommend	O
health	O
surveillance	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
but	O
also	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
;	O
the	O
teaching	O
of	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
research	O
on	O
animal	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
transmissible	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
):	O
reflective	O
practice	O
of	O
a	O
nurse	O
manager	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
was	O
a	O
crisis	O
for	O
everyone	O
in	O
endemic	O
areas	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
threat	O
to	O
physical	O
and	O
emotional	O
health	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
cytokine	O
/	O
chemokine	O
profiles	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
amplify	O
mRNA	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
levels	O
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
monocyte	I-PRGE
chemoattractant	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
were	O
concomitantly	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
superinfection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
mRNAs	O
for	O
these	O
cytokines	O
were	O
also	O
increased	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
fluorescence	O
resonance	O
energy	B-PROC
transfer	I-PROC
(	O
FRET	O
)	O
principle	O
using	O
5	O
-[(	O
2	O
'-	O
aminoethyl	O
)-	O
amino	O
]	O
naphthelenesulfonic	O
acid	O
(	O
EDANS	O
)	O
and	O
4	O
-[[	O
4	O
-(	O
dimethylamino	O
)	O
phenyl	B-CHED
]	O
azo	B-CHED
]	O
benzoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
Dabcyl	O
)	O
as	O
the	O
energy	B-PROC
transfer	I-PROC
pair	O
,	O
one	O
fluorogenic	O
substrate	O
was	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
activity	O
.	O

By	O
allowing	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
to	O
breathe	O
spontaneously	O
,	O
one	O
can	O
expect	O
improvement	O
in	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
in	O
systemic	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
,	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
both	O
experimental	O
and	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

Until	O
recently	O
,	O
traditional	O
approaches	O
to	O
mechanical	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
have	O
called	O
for	O
adaptation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
patient	O
to	O
the	O
mechanical	O
ventilator	O
using	O
heavy	O
sedation	B-DISO
and	O
administration	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
.	O

Further	O
,	O
evidence	O
exists	O
that	O
lowering	O
sedation	B-DISO
levels	O
will	O
decrease	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
,	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
overall	O
costs	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

Noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
also	O
does	O
not	O
seem	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
dissemination	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
to	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
strict	O
isolation	O
procedures	O
are	O
used	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
now	O
recognized	O
to	O
cause	O
LRI	O
illness	O
similar	O
to	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
infants	O
and	O
children	O
.	O

Results	O
indicated	O
that	O
orally	B-ANAT
delivered	O
MG1363	O
/	O
pSECN	O
induced	O
significant	O
N	O
-	O
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
was	O
implicated	O
and	O
its	O
entire	O
genome	O
was	O
sequenced	O
by	O
mid	O
-	O
April	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Molecular	O
clones	O
of	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
adapted	O
Beaudette	O
strain	O
,	O
were	O
constructed	O
,	O
using	O
an	O
in	O
vitro	O
assembly	O
method	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
further	O
manipulated	O
to	O
express	O
enhanced	B-PRGE
green	I-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
EGFP	B-CHED
)	O
by	O
replacing	O
an	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
(	O
ORF	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
-	O
specific	O
gene	O
,	O
ORF	B-PRGE
5a	I-PRGE
,	O
with	O
the	O
EGFP	B-PRGE
ORF	I-PRGE
.	O

A	O
75	O
kDa	O
fragment	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
S	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
model	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
and	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
in	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
Finland	O
.	O

Pasteurella	B-SPEC
sp	O
.	O
strains	O
showed	O
no	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
tested	O
antimicrobials	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
reverse	B-ENZY
transcriptase	B-FUNC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
messenger	B-CHED
RNA	I-CHED
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PBMCs	O
)	O
is	O
described	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
documented	O
key	O
event	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
:	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
virulent	O
FCoV	O
mutants	O
in	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

Eight	O
different	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
representing	O
seven	O
serotypes	O
were	O
tested	O
and	O
each	O
chimeric	O
oligonucleotide	O
mediated	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
target	O
RNA	O
only	O
from	O
strains	O
within	O
the	O
serotype	O
that	O
the	O
chimeric	O
was	O
designed	O
against	O
.	O

This	O
underscores	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
developing	O
a	O
clinically	O
relevant	O
model	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Pigs	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
and	O
fluids	B-ANAT
,	O
placed	O
on	O
a	O
ventilator	O
before	O
sacrifice	O
to	O
obtain	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
parameters	O
,	O
and	O
underwent	O
histologic	O
lung	B-ANAT
assessment	O
.	O

By	O
closely	O
paralleling	O
the	O
clinical	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
this	O
model	O
should	O
prove	O
invaluable	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
human	B-DISO
ARDS	I-DISO
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
was	O
drawn	O
weekly	O
to	O
monitor	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
AIBV	O
.	O

Comparing	O
daily	O
sperm	B-ANAT
production	O
on	O
a	O
per	O
gram	O
basis	O
,	O
vaccinated	O
roosters	O
with	O
epididymal	B-ANAT
stones	O
had	O
4	O
.	O
38	O
+/-	O

Forty	O
compounds	O
were	O
purchased	O
and	O
tested	O
by	O
HPLC	O
and	O
colorimetric	O
assay	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
.	O

Anecdotally	O
,	O
many	O
people	O
complain	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
following	O
air	B-CHED
travel	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
studies	O
of	O
ventilation	O
systems	O
and	O
patient	O
outcomes	O
indicate	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
pathogens	O
during	O
flight	B-PROC
occurs	O
rarely	O
.	O

Twelve	O
severely	O
brain	B-ANAT
-	O
injured	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
intracranial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
higher	O
than	O
applied	O
PEEP	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
all	O
patients	O
intracranial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
flow	O
velocity	O
by	O
transcranial	O
Doppler	O
of	O
middle	B-ANAT
cerebral	I-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
jugular	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

Intracranial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
Doppler	O
flow	O
velocity	O
,	O
and	O
jugular	O
saturation	O
remained	O
constant	O
in	O
recruiters	O
but	O
significantly	O
increased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
recruiters	O
.	O

Seven	O
patients	O
with	O
histories	O
of	O
only	O
urban	O
exposure	O
to	O
leptospires	O
had	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
manifestations	O
;	O
of	O
these	O
,	O
5	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
;	O
4	O
of	O
the	O
deaths	B-PROC
were	O
caused	O
by	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
1	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Presumptive	O
treatment	O
for	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
initiated	O
immediately	O
in	O
the	O
appropriate	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
context	O
.	O

To	O
explore	O
the	O
possible	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
the	O
invasion	B-DISO
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
structural	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
using	O
computational	O
biology	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
with	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
OC43	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
HRSV	B-SPEC
,	O
HHerpV	O
and	O
HAdenoV	O
)	O
showed	O
that	O
each	O
group	O
of	O
motifs	O
was	O
different	O
for	O
each	O
type	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
The	O
evidence	O
for	O
immune	O
implication	O
in	O
distress	O
strongly	O
supports	O
immunomodulators	O
for	O
therapy	O
:	O
phosphodiesterase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
(	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
down	O
-	O
modulating	O
activity	O
on	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
);	O
inhaled	O
corticoids	O
(	O
aimed	O
at	O
producing	O
a	O
local	O
immunomodulation	B-PROC
);	O
teophylline	O
or	O
nedocromil	B-CHED
sodium	I-CHED
(	O
which	O
prevents	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
airway	B-ANAT
wall	O
).	O

Apart	O
from	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
observed	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Electronic	O
and	O
manual	O
searches	O
identified	O
RCTs	O
comparing	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
integrated	O
to	O
conventional	O
medicine	B-CHED
versus	O
conventional	O
medicine	B-CHED
alone	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
effects	O
on	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
or	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
dosage	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Chinese	O
herbal	O
medicine	B-CHED
combined	O
with	O
conventional	O
medicine	B-CHED
may	O
have	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
initial	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
and	O
immunological	O
evaluation	O
confirmed	O
active	O
systemic	B-PATH
lupus	I-PATH
erythematosus	I-PATH
complicated	O
by	O
severe	B-DISO
pre	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
eclampsia	I-DISO
.	O

One	O
week	O
after	O
admission	O
,	O
she	O
became	O
suddenly	O
confused	B-DISO
and	O
had	O
a	O
convulsion	B-DISO
with	O
Glascow	O
Coma	B-DISO
Score	O
10	O
(	O
3	O
+	O
3	O
+	O
4	O
).	O

In	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
was	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
sites	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
analysis	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
viral	O
RNA	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
safe	O
and	O
sensitive	O
Spike	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
antibody	O
responses	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previously	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
identified	O
a	O
truncated	O
antigenic	O
fragment	O
named	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
[	O
441	O
to	O
700	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
a	O
.	O
a	O
.)]	O
as	O
the	O
immunodominant	O
fragment	O
of	O
Spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

It	O
is	O
also	O
more	O
user	O
-	O
friendly	O
and	O
cost	O
-	O
effective	O
than	O
the	O
whole	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
based	O
IFA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Programmed	O
ribosomal	B-PROC
frameshifting	I-PROC
in	O
decoding	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Programmed	O
ribosomal	B-ANAT
frameshifting	I-PROC
is	O
an	O
essential	O
mechanism	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
orf1b	O
in	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surviving	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
utility	O
of	O
open	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
and	O
large	O
doses	O
of	O
dexamethasone	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
etiology	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
wide	O
and	O
mortality	O
is	O
extremely	O
high	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
six	O
hours	O
after	O
the	O
large	O
dose	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
were	O
acceptable	O
for	O
extubation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

Other	O
signs	O
of	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
activation	O
such	O
as	O
hyperphosphorylation	O
,	O
homodimer	O
formation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
coactivator	O
CREB	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
CBP	B-PRGE
)	O
were	O
found	O
late	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
control	O
virus	B-SPEC
but	O
not	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
nuclear	B-PROC
transport	I-PROC
of	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
immediate	O
-	O
early	O
reaction	O
to	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
may	O
precede	O
its	O
hyperphosphorylation	O
,	O
homodimer	O
formation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
CBP	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Outbreaks	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2003	O
and	O
renewed	O
concerns	O
regarding	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
have	O
resulted	O
in	O
widespread	O
planning	O
for	O
future	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

The	O
immunological	O
fragment	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
Ala251	O
-	O
His641	O
,	O
SARS_S1b	O
)	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
essential	O
for	O
SARS_CoV	O
entering	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
through	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	O
ACE	B-PRGE
-	O
2	O
interaction	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
quantitatively	O
characterized	O
the	O
thermally	O
induced	O
and	O
GuHCl	O
-	O
induced	O
unfolding	O
features	O
of	O
SARS_S1b	O
using	O
circular	O
dichroism	O
(	O
CD	O
),	O
tryptophan	B-CHED
fluorescence	O
,	O
and	O
stopped	O
-	O
flow	O
spectral	O
techniques	O
.	O

GL	O
itself	O
,	O
at	O
400	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
produced	O
no	O
detectable	O
abnormalities	O
in	O
the	O
appearance	O
or	O
activity	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Intraperitoneal	O
injection	O
of	O
aspirin	B-CHED
or	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
had	O
only	O
marginal	O
effects	O
on	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
platelet	B-ANAT
responses	O
and	O
lethality	O
.	O

The	O
immunological	O
effect	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
tested	O
with	O
purified	O
rS	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
and	O
rS	O
(	O
b	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
).	O

The	O
prokaryotically	O
expressed	B-PROC
recombinant	B-PRGE
truncated	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
had	O
similar	O
antigenicity	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Phytochemical	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
roots	O
of	O
Calophyllum	O
blancoi	O
growing	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
isolation	O
of	O
three	O
new	O
pyranoxanthones	B-CHED
,	O
blancoxanthone	B-CHED
(	O
1	O
),	O
acetyl	B-CHED
blancoxanthone	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
3	O
-	O
hydroxyblancoxanthone	O
(	O
3	O
),	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
two	O
known	O
pyranoxanthones	B-CHED
,	O
pyranojacaeubin	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
and	O
caloxanthone	O
(	O
5	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
TCM	O
treatment	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
--	O
a	O
report	O
of	O
16	O
cases	O
.	O

1	O
.	O
46	O
days	O
and	O
the	O
mean	O
absorption	O
time	O
of	O
gross	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltration	I-DISO
was	O
10	O
.	O
87	O
+/-	O

METHODS	O
:	O
Twelve	O
TCM	O
prescriptions	O
of	O
herbal	O
drugs	O
(	O
orally	B-ANAT
or	O
i	O
.	O
v	O
.)	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
16	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	O
without	O
using	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
,	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
viral	I-CHED
agents	I-CHED
,	O
immune	O
-	O
regulators	O
or	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
(	O
in	O
case	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
definite	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
).	O

Acute	O
transient	O
lameness	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
ranch	O
was	O
attributed	O
to	O
use	O
of	O
2	O
irritating	O
biological	O
vaccines	O
in	O
the	O
hip	B-ANAT
muscles	I-ANAT
of	O
cows	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
close	O
to	O
parturition	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
public	O
health	O
problem	O
and	O
its	O
prevalence	O
and	O
mortality	O
are	O
increasing	O
throughout	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Asia	O
-	O
Pacific	O
region	O
.	O

Perceptions	O
of	O
comfort	O
,	O
ease	O
of	O
use	O
,	O
visual	O
,	O
hearing	B-PROC
,	O
breathing	B-PROC
and	O
speech	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
,	O
perceived	O
protection	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
usage	O
preferences	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
opinions	O
were	O
equally	O
divided	O
regarding	O
its	O
use	O
when	O
treating	O
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	B-PATH
;	O
with	O
51	O
%	O
being	O
in	O
favour	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
mechanism	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
proteinase	B-PROC
(	O
Mpro	O
or	O
3CLpro	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
octapeptide	O
NH2	O
-	O
AVLQ	O
downward	O
arrowSGFR	O
-	O
COOH	O
was	O
investigated	O
using	O
molecular	O
mechanics	O
and	O
quantum	O
mechanics	O
simulations	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
experimental	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
proteinase	B-PROC
.	O

Ndelta1	O
on	O
the	O
imidazole	B-CHED
ring	O
plays	O
the	O
acid	O
-	O
base	O
catalytic	O
role	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
killed	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
live	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
test	O
groups	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
protected	O
against	O
challenge	O
by	O
homologous	O
but	O
not	O
heterologous	O
IBV	O
strains	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
statistic	O
methods	O
to	O
eliminate	O
the	O
bias	B-SPEC
in	O
target	O
-	O
based	O
database	O
screening	O
toward	O
higher	O
molecular	O
weight	O
compounds	O
for	O
enhancing	O
the	O
hit	O
rate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
When	O
animal	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
attack	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
1999	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
projection	O
of	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
paints	O
a	O
grim	O
picture	O
:	O
89	O
,	O
000	O
to	O
207	O
,	O
000	O
deaths	B-PROC
,	O
314	O
,	O
000	O
to	O
734	O
,	O
000	O
hospitalizations	O
,	O
18	O
million	O
to	O
42	O
million	O
outpatient	O
visits	O
,	O
and	O
20	O
million	O
to	O
47	O
million	O
additional	O
illnesses	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
cost	O
to	O
society	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
dollars	O
71	O
.	O
3	O
billion	O
to	O
dollars	O
166	O
.	O
5	O
billion	O
.	O

Clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
chronic	O
oxygen	B-CHED
requirement	O
pattern	O
of	O
CLD	B-DISO
without	O
RDS	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
less	O
severe	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
CLD	B-DISO
with	O
RDS	O
.	O

Among	O
them	O
,	O
17	O
are	O
polymorphic	O
in	O
palm	B-ANAT
civets	B-SPEC
only	O
.	O

The	O
ratio	O
of	O
nonsynonymous	O
/	O
synonymous	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
substitution	O
in	O
palm	B-ANAT
civets	B-SPEC
collected	O
1	O
yr	O
apart	O
from	O
different	O
geographic	O
locations	O
is	O
very	O
high	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
rapid	O
evolving	O
process	O
of	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
civet	B-SPEC
as	O
well	O
,	O
much	O
like	O
their	O
adaptation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
early	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
epidemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
describe	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
nephropathogenic	O
avian	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
with	O
a	O
novel	O
genotype	O
in	O
India	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
examined	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
RNA	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
of	O
32	O
patients	O
(	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
)	O
by	O
a	O
quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
and	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
highest	O
detection	O
rate	O
,	O
75	O
%,	O
was	O
found	O
between	O
day	O
5	O
and	O
day	O
7	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
rates	O
of	O
64	O
,	O
50	O
,	O
and	O
38	O
%	O
found	O
between	O
day	O
8	O
and	O
day	O
11	O
,	O
day	O
2	O
and	O
day	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
day	O
12	O
and	O
day	O
16	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

After	O
adjustments	O
for	O
age	O
and	O
sex	O
,	O
high	O
FE	O
UA	O
was	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
lowest	O
blood	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
;	O
r	O
=	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
624	O
).	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
catastrophic	O
outcomes	O
(	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
)	O
adjusted	O
for	O
older	O
age	O
and	O
sex	O
showed	O
that	O
hypouremic	O
patients	O
had	O
an	O
odds	O
ratio	O
of	O
10	O
.	O
57	O
(	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
33	O
to	O
47	O
.	O
98	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
).	O

Serum	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
levels	O
correlated	O
significantly	O
with	O
FE	O
UA	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
;	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
785	O
)	O
and	O
inversely	O
with	O
serum	B-COMP
UA	O
level	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
044	O
;	O
r	O
=	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
509	O
);	O
neither	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
nor	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
level	O
showed	O
such	O
correlations	O
.	O

The	O
Beck	O
Anxiety	O
Inventory	O
,	O
the	O
Beck	O
Depression	B-DISO
Inventory	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
newly	O
developed	O
measure	O
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
Impact	O
Scale	O
(	O
SIS	O
),	O
were	O
mailed	O
to	O
453	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
Chinese	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
discharged	O
from	O
hospital	O
for	O
4	O
weeks	O
or	O
more	O
.	O

The	O
General	O
Health	O
Questionnaire	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
psychological	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

Socio	O
-	O
demographic	O
and	O
stress	O
variables	O
were	O
entered	O
into	O
a	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
the	O
variables	O
associated	O
with	O
psychological	B-DISO
morbidity	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
These	O
findings	O
shed	O
light	O
on	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
hospital	O
administrators	O
to	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
extent	O
and	O
sources	O
of	O
stress	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
among	O
frontline	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
during	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hugs	O
and	O
kisses	O
:	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
parents	O
'	O
fears	O
about	O
contagion	O
and	O
the	O
effects	O
on	O
parent	O
-	O
child	O
interaction	O
in	O
a	O
nationally	O
representative	O
sample	O
.	O

In	O
-	O
person	O
interviews	O
with	O
344	O
parents	O
from	O
a	O
nationally	O
representative	O
probability	O
sample	O
of	O
adults	O
receiving	O
health	O
care	O
for	O
HIV	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
contiguous	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	O
and	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
named	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

This	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
crisis	O
enhanced	O
a	O
reconstruction	O
of	O
worldview	O
and	O
affirmed	O
the	O
professional	O
identity	O
of	O
nursing	B-PROC
students	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provided	O
insights	O
to	O
nursing	B-PROC
education	O
that	O
acquisition	O
of	O
professional	O
identity	O
could	O
be	O
enhanced	O
through	O
reflective	O
appreciation	O
of	O
critical	O
events	O
such	O
as	O
SARS	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
child	O
with	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
factors	O
are	O
becoming	O
increasingly	O
prevalent	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
infections	B-DISO
will	O
continue	O
to	O
emerge	O
and	O
probably	O
increase	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
surprised	O
the	O
medical	O
community	O
,	O
veterinary	O
coronavirologists	O
had	O
previously	O
isolated	O
CoVs	O
from	O
wildlife	O
and	O
documented	O
their	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
to	O
livestock	O
.	O

The	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
provide	O
insights	O
into	O
CoV	O
transmission	O
and	O
disease	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
could	O
potentially	O
be	O
applicable	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
highlighting	O
the	O
contributions	O
of	O
veterinary	O
scientists	O
to	O
this	O
area	O
of	O
study	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
One	O
hundred	O
thirty	O
-	O
four	O
(	O
53	O
%)	O
of	O
254	O
patients	O
had	O
recent	O
onset	O
of	O
large	O
joint	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
211	O
(	O
80	O
%)	O
of	O
264	O
painful	B-DISO
joints	I-DISO
were	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
abnormality	O
on	O
MR	O
images	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
of	O
these	O
genes	O
and	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
were	O
determined	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
over	O
all	O
,	O
beta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
actin	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
unsuitable	O
as	O
reference	O
gene	O
,	O
whereas	O
TATA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Box	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
peptidyl	O
-	O
prolyl	B-CHED
-	O
isomerase	O
A	O
are	O
stable	O
reference	O
genes	O
for	O
expression	B-PROC
studies	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Low	O
level	O
of	O
immunity	B-PROC
among	O
unaffected	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
reinforces	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
adequate	O
personal	O
protection	O
and	O
other	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
in	O
hospitals	O
to	O
prevent	O
future	O
epidemics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
sought	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
Hospital	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Incident	O
Command	O
System	O
(	O
HEICS	O
)	O
at	O
National	O
Cheng	O
Kung	O
University	O
Hospital	O
(	O
NCKUH	O
)	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
ROC	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
early	O
2003	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
outbreak	O
,	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
plan	B-DISO
consisted	O
of	O
patient	O
isolation	O
and	O
strict	O
hospital	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
control	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Between	O
14	O
March	O
and	O
30	O
July	O
2003	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
668	O
probable	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
reported	O
.	O

Among	O
them	O
,	O
46	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
/	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
)	O
were	O
subsequently	O
classified	O
as	O
being	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transfusion	B-DISO
related	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	I-DISO
(	O
TRALI	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
but	O
potentially	O
severe	O
complication	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
blood	I-DISO
transfusion	I-DISO
,	O
manifested	O
by	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
,	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
hypotension	O
.	O

Diagnosis	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
antibody	B-COMP
screening	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
components	I-ANAT
and	O
on	O
specific	O
-	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
in	O
the	O
recipient	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
summarise	O
what	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
TRALI	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
we	O
focus	O
attention	O
on	O
unanswered	O
questions	O
and	O
controversial	O
issues	O
related	O
to	O
TRALI	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
viral	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
correlated	O
the	O
MR	O
imaging	O
findings	O
with	O
the	O
clinical	O
presentations	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
WNV	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Methylprednisolone	B-CHED
was	O
more	O
effective	O
than	O
lidocaine	B-CHED
at	O
reducing	O
lung	O
damage	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Neutrophils	B-ANAT
increased	O
with	O
time	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Daily	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Department	O
Surveillance	O
System	O
---	O
Bergen	O
County	O
,	O
New	O
Jersey	O
.	O

A	O
method	O
for	O
determining	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
random	O
and	O
systemic	O
variation	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
differences	O
of	O
>/=	O
3	O
standard	O
deviations	O
for	O
each	O
syndrome	O
from	O
a	O
6	O
-	O
month	O
moving	B-PROC
average	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
on	O
admission	O
are	O
often	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
(	O
5	O
,	O
6	O
),	O
but	O
indicators	O
include	O
indoor	O
fires	O
,	O
facial	B-ANAT
burns	O
,	O
bronchoscopic	O
findings	O
of	O
soot	O
in	O
the	O
airways	O
,	O
and	O
detection	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
or	O
cyanide	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
(	O
7	O
).	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
established	O
by	O
isolation	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
,	O
fecal	B-ANAT
,	O
throat	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
specimens	O
.	O

In	O
both	O
siblings	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
acute	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
November	O
2002	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
citywide	O
signals	O
for	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
vomiting	I-DISO
syndromes	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
coincided	O
with	O
institutional	O
outbreaks	O
consistent	O
with	O
viral	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
,	O
prompted	O
DOHMH	O
to	O
send	O
mass	O
e	O
-	O
mail	O
notification	O
to	O
NYC	O
ED	O
directors	O
and	O
institute	O
collection	O
of	O
stool	B-ANAT
specimens	O
.	O

EDs	B-DISO
then	O
were	O
invited	O
to	O
report	O
visit	O
frequencies	O
with	O
various	O
SARS	O
syndrome	B-DISO
elements	O
to	O
local	O
public	O
health	O
authorities	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
REMI	O
Internet	O
application	O
(	O
first	O
in	O
one	O
metropolitan	O
area	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
in	O
four	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
From	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
systems	O
:	O
developing	O
advanced	O
knowledge	O
management	O
for	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

Ready	O
to	O
use	O
technologies	O
are	O
lacking	O
not	O
only	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
or	O
bio	O
-	O
terrorism	O
but	O
also	O
for	O
the	O
coordination	B-PROC
of	O
prevention	O
and	O
chronic	O
care	O
initiatives	O
.	O

We	O
need	O
to	O
find	O
ways	O
to	O
integrate	O
new	O
scientific	O
knowledge	O
into	O
our	O
environment	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
expedite	O
the	O
translation	B-PROC
of	O
research	O
to	O
practice	O
.	O

Screening	O
to	O
detect	O
a	O
potential	O
SARS	B-DISO
infected	O
person	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
preventing	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Infrared	O
thermography	O
provides	O
a	O
digital	B-ANAT
image	O
showing	O
temperature	O
patterns	O
.	O

The	O
time	O
course	O
of	O
a	O
typical	O
fever	B-PROC
can	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
stages	O
.	O

Two	O
important	O
conclusions	O
were	O
drawn	O
from	O
the	O
analysis	O
:	O
the	O
best	O
region	O
on	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
to	O
obtain	O
temperature	O
readings	O
and	O
the	O
optimal	O
preset	O
threshold	O
temperature	O
for	O
the	O
thermal	O
imager	O
.	O

As	O
elevation	O
of	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
presenting	O
symptom	B-DISO
for	O
many	O
illnesses	O
including	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
thermal	O
imagers	O
are	O
useful	O
tools	O
for	O
mass	O
screening	O
of	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
not	O
only	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
but	O
also	O
during	O
other	O
public	O
health	O
crisis	O
where	O
widespread	O
transmission	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
concern	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Preoccupied	O
with	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
doctors	O
tend	O
to	O
overlook	O
other	O
endemic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
.	O

Incorrectly	O
labeling	O
a	O
patient	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
may	O
result	O
in	O
serious	O
consequences	O
.	O

Single	O
isolation	O
being	O
not	O
always	O
possible	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
may	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
isolated	O
with	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
spike	O
,	O
membrane	B-COMP
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
of	O
pf	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LKQ3	O
/	O
03	O
had	O
>	O
99	O
%	O
identity	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
H120	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
(	O
Massachusetts	O
serotype	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
Massachusetts	O
serotype	O
isolates	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
when	O
pf	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LKQ3	O
/	O
03	O
was	O
inoculated	O
experimentally	O
into	O
chickens	B-SPEC
(	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
),	O
no	O
disease	O
signs	O
were	O
apparent	O
.	O

Helicobacter	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

This	O
paper	O
describes	O
bacteriological	O
,	O
parasitological	O
,	O
and	O
virological	O
examinations	O
of	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
recent	O
hospital	O
-	O
based	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
once	O
again	O
highlighted	O
the	O
vulnerability	O
of	O
HCWs	O
.	O

The	O
new	O
epidemic	O
of	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
resulted	O
in	O
tremendous	O
economic	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
impact	O
with	O
its	O
high	O
rates	O
of	O
mortality	O
and	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
.	O

By	O
day	O
7	O
,	O
crude	O
odds	O
ratio	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
1	O
.	O
73	O
per	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
AO	O
%	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
or	O
2	O
.	O
93	O
per	O
lung	B-ANAT
zone	O
opacified	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

The	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
static	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
compliance	O
(	O
Cstrs	O
)	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
significantly	O
between	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
and	O
the	O
supine	O
position	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

1	O
.	O
8	O
)	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
.	O
s	O
(-	O
1	O
).	O
L	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
The	O
delay	O
in	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
this	O
SARS	O
case	O
was	O
largely	O
associated	O
with	O
unclear	O
epidemiologic	O
history	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
showed	O
characteristics	O
of	O
typical	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Distinct	O
roles	O
of	O
pattern	O
recognition	O
receptors	O
CD14	B-PRGE
and	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
when	O
a	O
10	O
-	O
fold	O
-	O
higher	O
dose	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
(	O
3	O
mg	O
/	O
ml	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
,	O
these	O
responses	O
were	O
only	O
partially	O
dependent	O
on	O
CD14	B-PRGE
and	O
they	O
were	O
totally	O
dependent	O
on	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
.	O

A	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
blocking	B-DISO
antibody	B-COMP
abolished	O
microvascular	O
leakage	B-DISO
,	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
accumulation	O
,	O
cytokine	O
responses	O
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
low	O
dose	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
but	O
only	O
attenuated	O
the	O
responses	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
dose	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
data	O
are	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
CD14	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
and	O
-	O
independent	O
(	O
CD11b	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
)	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
are	O
entirely	O
dependent	O
on	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
and	O
that	O
blocking	B-DISO
TLR4	B-PRGE
might	O
be	O
beneficial	O
in	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
from	O
gram	O
-	O
negative	O
pathogens	O
.	O

By	O
applying	O
an	O
adapted	O
,	O
sequential	O
software	O
engineering	O
process	O
,	O
a	O
complex	O
biological	O
system	O
(	O
severe	O
acquired	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
reverse	O
-	O
engineered	O
and	O
represented	O
as	O
an	O
object	O
-	O
oriented	O
software	O
system	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
how	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
for	O
the	O
point	O
substitution	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
process	O
;	O
here	O
,	O
we	O
extend	O
these	O
results	O
to	O
the	O
indel	B-PROC
process	O
.	O

The	O
algorithm	O
converges	O
extremely	O
rapidly	O
,	O
gives	O
accurate	O
results	O
on	O
simulated	O
data	O
that	O
are	O
an	O
improvement	O
over	O
parsimonious	O
estimates	O
(	O
which	O
are	O
shown	O
to	O
underestimate	O
the	O
true	O
indel	B-PROC
rate	O
),	O
and	O
gives	O
plausible	O
results	O
on	O
experimental	O
data	O
(	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
envelope	B-COMP
domains	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
1055	O
to	O
1192	O
in	O
the	O
S2	O
region	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
S	O
protein	O
induce	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
:	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
important	O
for	O
clearance	O
of	O
neurotropic	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
strain	O
A59	O
,	O
although	O
their	O
possible	O
role	O
in	O
A59	O
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
well	O
understood	O
.	O

Protection	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
receiving	O
P14	O
splenocytes	O
prior	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
correlated	O
with	O
a	O
robust	O
gp33	B-PRGE
-	O
specific	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
that	O
was	O
not	O
observed	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
receiving	O
the	O
later	O
transfers	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
an	O
early	O
robust	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
was	O
necessary	O
to	O
reduce	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
spread	O
,	O
specifically	O
to	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
protected	O
against	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
chronic	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
cloned	O
genome	O
cDNA	O
fragments	O
identified	O
two	O
single	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
mutations	O
in	O
cloned	O
genome	O
fragment	O
F	O
,	O
encoding	O
a	O
Tyr6398His	O
substitution	O
in	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
(	O
ORF	O
)	O
1b	O
p59	B-PRGE
-	O
nsp14	O
and	O
a	O
Leu94Pro	O
substitution	O
in	O
the	O
ORF	O
2a	O
30	O
-	O
kDa	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
study	O
also	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
usefulness	O
of	O
the	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
system	O
to	O
confirm	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
residues	O
or	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
determined	O
the	O
continuous	O
viral	O
epitopes	O
targeted	B-PROC
by	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
through	O
biopanning	O
with	O
a	O
vast	O
M13	O
phage	O
display	O
dodecapeptide	O
library	O
.	O

Multistep	O
growth	B-PROC
kinetics	O
were	O
identical	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
and	O
MA104	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
with	O
maximum	O
titer	O
reached	O
24	O
h	O
postinoculation	O
(	O
hpi	B-DISO
).	O

CaCo	O
-	O
2	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
human	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
type	I-COMP
of	O
13	O
tested	O
that	O
supported	O
efficient	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
.	O

Autologous	O
stem	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
might	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
advanced	O
solid	B-DISO
tumors	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
GAPDH	B-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
were	O
both	O
measured	O
in	O
26	O
specimens	O
from	O
16	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
40	O
follow	O
up	O
specimens	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
batch	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
appropriate	O
control	O
subjects	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
GAPDH	B-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
concentrations	O
were	O
highly	O
correlated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
positivity	O
(	O
chi2	O
=	O
5	O
.	O
43	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Finally	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
GAPDH	B-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
were	O
both	O
detected	O
in	O
three	O
follow	O
up	O
urine	B-ANAT
specimens	O
that	O
were	O
initially	O
negative	O
when	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
cDNA	O
used	O
was	O
increased	O
from	O
5	O
microl	O
to	O
10	O
and	O
15	O
microl	O
.	O

Several	O
influenza	O
A	O
virus	O
subtypes	O
were	O
transmitted	B-DISO
from	O
birds	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
continue	O
to	O
constitute	O
a	O
pandemic	O
threat	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
associated	O
with	O
these	O
zoonotic	O
transmissions	O
range	O
from	O
mild	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
and	O
conjunctivitis	B-DISO
to	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
sometimes	O
resulting	O
in	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
success	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
MS	O
-	O
based	O
analysis	O
for	O
detecting	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
sequence	O
variations	O
was	O
determined	O
to	O
be	O
95	O
%	O
with	O
75	O
copies	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
per	O
reaction	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
sufficient	O
to	O
directly	O
analyze	O
both	O
clinical	O
and	O
cultured	O
samples	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
13	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
from	O
the	O
different	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
Singapore	O
outbreak	O
identified	O
nine	O
sequence	O
variations	O
that	O
could	O
define	O
the	O
molecular	O
relationship	O
between	O
them	O
and	O
pointed	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
,	O
previously	O
unidentified	O
,	O
primary	O
route	O
of	O
introduction	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
into	O
the	O
Singapore	O
population	O
.	O

Our	O
direct	O
determination	O
of	O
viral	O
sequence	O
variation	O
from	O
a	O
clinical	O
sample	O
also	O
clarified	O
an	O
unresolved	O
epidemiological	O
link	O
regarding	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
German	O
patient	O
.	O

The	O
predicted	O
bio	O
-	O
aerosol	O
concentration	O
distribution	O
in	O
the	O
ward	O
seemed	O
to	O
agree	O
fairly	O
well	O
with	O
the	O
spatial	O
infection	O
pattern	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
.	O

The	O
well	O
-	O
established	O
multi	O
-	O
zone	O
airflow	B-PROC
modeling	O
method	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
laden	O
bio	O
-	O
aerosol	O
dispersion	O
between	O
flats	O
through	O
door	O
and	O
window	O
leakage	B-DISO
areas	O
in	O
Block	O
E	O
under	O
six	O
different	O
scenarios	O
.	O

These	O
factors	O
included	O
perceived	O
threat	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
perceived	O
benefits	O
and	O
barriers	O
in	O
practicing	O
SARS	B-DISO
preventive	O
health	O
behaviors	B-PROC
,	O
cues	O
to	O
action	O
,	O
knowledge	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
efficacy	O
.	O

Results	O
of	O
hierarchical	O
regression	O
analyses	O
showed	O
that	O
habitual	O
health	O
behaviors	B-PROC
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
related	O
to	O
perceived	O
health	O
threat	O
and	O
environmental	O
cues	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
45	O
human	O
SCoVs	O
,	O
one	O
isolate	O
from	O
Guangdong	O
province	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
exhibited	O
an	O
extra	O
29	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
fragment	O
between	O
Orf	B-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
and	O
Orf	B-PRGE
11	I-PRGE
--	I-PRGE
similar	I-PRGE
to	O
the	O
civet	B-SPEC
SCoV	O
genome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
province	O
of	O
British	O
Columbia	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
experienced	O
2	O
major	O
health	O
emergency	O
situations	O
during	O
2003	O
:	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
early	O
2003	O
and	O
wildland	O
-	O
urban	O
interface	O
fires	O
during	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
2003	O
.	O

Both	O
organizations	O
subsequently	O
conducted	O
quality	O
management	O
reviews	O
of	O
their	O
handling	O
of	O
these	O
emergency	B-DISO
situations	O
.	O

In	O
retrospect	O
,	O
many	O
patients	O
survived	O
due	O
to	O
careful	O
nursing	B-PROC
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
replicon	O
systems	O
should	O
facilitate	O
rapid	O
screening	O
of	O
new	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
complex	O
mechanism	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
will	O
ensure	O
that	O
drugs	O
are	O
developed	O
against	O
at	O
least	O
five	O
molecular	O
targets	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
possible	O
clinical	O
use	O
of	O
several	O
synthetic	O
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
including	O
those	O
that	O
mimic	O
the	O
S	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
,	O
the	O
HR2	B-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
substrates	O
,	O
will	O
be	O
discussed	O
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
surgical	O
patients	O
differs	O
from	O
that	O
previously	O
described	O
in	O
normal	O
patients	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
retrospective	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
10	O
surgical	O
inpatients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
following	O
an	O
outbreak	O
in	O
the	O
surgical	O
wards	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
surgical	O
patients	O
differs	O
from	O
that	O
previously	O
described	O
in	O
normal	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
preliminary	O
function	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
X4	O
was	O
evaluated	O
by	O
treatment	O
with	O
and	O
over	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
protein	B-CHED
X4	O
in	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	O
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
spread	O
globally	O
as	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
pandemic	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
vaccines	O
targeted	B-PROC
for	O
protection	O
of	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
features	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
predictive	O
factors	O
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
indeed	O
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
from	O
March	O
to	O
July	O
2003	O
had	O
a	O
great	O
impact	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
analyses	O
showed	O
that	O
age	O
greater	O
than	O
65	O
years	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
OR	O
,	O
10	O
.	O
6	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
CI	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
54	O
.	O
1	O
),	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
diabetes	B-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
,	O
13	O
.	O
7	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
146	O
.	O
9	O
),	O
and	O
elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
LDH	B-PRGE
(	O
OR	O
,	O
8	O
.	O
4	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
36	O
.	O
9	O
)	O
at	O
admission	O
,	O
were	O
independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
determination	O
of	O
its	O
genome	O
sequences	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
then	O
analyzed	O
by	O
comparing	O
with	O
other	O
46	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genomes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Public	O
hospital	O
preparations	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
:	O
experience	O
of	O
Alexandra	B-SPEC
Hospital	O
.	O

Being	O
the	O
only	O
public	O
hospital	O
that	O
remained	O
""""	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
free	O
""","	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
with	O
no	O
documented	O
intra	O
-	O
institutional	O
spread	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
AH	O
had	O
to	O
tackle	O
a	O
sudden	O
,	O
two	O
-	O
fold	O
surge	O
in	O
hospital	O
attendances	O
and	O
patient	O
volume	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
Y162H	O
or	O
Y162Q	O
substitutions	O
were	O
never	O
recovered	O
,	O
while	O
Y162A	O
viruses	B-SPEC
formed	O
minute	O
plaques	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
viruses	O
with	O
Y162F	O
substitutions	O
had	O
wild	O
type	O
growth	B-PROC
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
Y162	O
may	O
comprise	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
hydrophobic	O
domain	O
that	O
contacts	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
site	I-PRGE
of	O
mCEACAM1a	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epitope	B-CHED
mapping	O
and	O
biological	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
analysis	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
produced	O
by	O
immunization	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
an	O
inactivated	O
Chinese	O
isolate	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Some	O
of	O
these	O
S	O
-	O
specific	O
mAbs	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
recognize	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
products	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
viral	O
entry	O
,	O
comprising	O
therapeutic	O
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
recently	O
launched	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-DISO
drug	O
enfuvirtide	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
best	O
combination	O
of	O
five	O
surgical	O
masks	O
scored	O
a	O
fit	O
factor	O
of	O
13	O
.	O
7	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
well	O
below	O
the	O
minimum	O
level	O
of	O
100	O
required	O
for	O
a	O
half	O
face	B-DISO
respirator	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
causative	O
agents	O
of	O
WD	O
by	O
using	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
ELISA	O
,	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
and	O
nested	O
PCR	O
from	O
97	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
32	O
WD	O
-	O
affected	O
herds	O
collected	O
from	O
8	O
provinces	O
during	O
2002	O
-	O
2004	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
who	O
used	O
the	O
supplement	O
subsequently	O
contracted	O
SARS	B-DISO
compared	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
use	O
the	O
supplement	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
014	O
).	O

The	O
anesthetic	O
technique	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
these	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
uncontrollable	O
hypertension	O
,	O
bleeding	B-DISO
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
presenting	O
in	O
labor	B-PROC
with	O
HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
describe	O
the	O
successful	O
use	O
of	O
remifentanil	B-CHED
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
anesthetic	O
technique	O
for	O
her	O
subsequent	O
Cesarean	O
section	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Late	O
recognition	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
nosocomial	O
outbreak	O
,	O
Toronto	O
.	O

One	O
hour	O
later	O
(	O
at	O
7h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
extracellular	B-COMP
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
also	O
began	O
to	O
rise	O
.	O

Adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
occur	O
with	O
G	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
use	O
in	O
approximately	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
comprised	O
predominantly	O
of	O
bone	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
headache	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
general	O
fatigue	B-DISO
.	O

As	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
at	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
ALI	O
,	O
on	O
day	O
4	O
after	O
G	O
-	O
CSF	B-ANAT
administration	O
,	O
and	O
decreased	O
to	O
below	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
detection	O
on	O
day	O
11	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
in	O
a	O
certain	O
part	O
that	O
IL	O
-	O
1beta	O
was	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
G	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
ALI	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
present	O
case	O
.	O

Granulocyte	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
colony	I-PRGE
stimulating	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
G	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
commonly	O
administered	O
to	O
healthy	O
donors	O
to	O
mobilize	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PBSC	O
)	O
for	O
allogeneic	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
(	O
allo	O
-	O
HSCT	O
).	O

Adverse	O
events	O
from	O
G	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
use	O
in	O
healthy	O
donors	O
have	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
approximately	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
comprised	O
predominantly	O
of	O
bone	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
headache	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
general	O
fatigue	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
article	O
aims	O
to	O
review	O
the	O
published	O
studies	O
of	O
HFOV	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
regard	O
to	O
its	O
safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
.	O

High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
successfully	O
in	O
our	O
regional	O
burn	O
center	O
since	O
1999	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
failure	O
secondary	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
as	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
intraoperative	O
ventilation	O
to	O
allow	O
surgical	O
burn	O
wound	O
excision	O
to	O
proceed	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

HFOV	O
produced	O
a	O
slower	O
and	O
less	O
robust	O
reversal	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
failure	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
compared	O
with	O
patients	O
with	O
burns	O
alone	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sedation	B-DISO
,	O
analgesia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
for	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
NMBA	O
has	O
been	O
higher	O
than	O
for	O
other	O
ARDS	B-DISO
populations	O
.	O

High	O
-	O
frequency	O
percussive	O
ventilation	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
provide	O
favorable	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
in	O
several	O
well	O
-	O
defined	O
patient	O
populations	O
.	O

It	O
reliably	O
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
provides	O
adequate	O
ventilation	O
at	O
lower	O
peak	O
pressures	O
than	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
were	O
repeated	O
for	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
routinely	O
at	O
least	O
twice	O
daily	O
if	O
the	O
Fio2	O
was	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Secondary	O
effects	O
of	O
femoral	B-ANAT
instrumentation	O
on	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
physiology	O
in	O
a	O
standardised	O
sheep	B-SPEC
model	O
:	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
lung	O
contusion	O
and	O
reaming	O
?	O

In	O
a	O
standardised	O
sheep	B-SPEC
model	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
changes	O
,	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
polymorphonuclear	O
leucocytes	B-ANAT
(	O
PMNL	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
observe	O
the	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
coagulation	B-PROC
system	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
reamed	O
nailing	O
procedure	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
exacerbated	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
contusion	O
along	O
with	O
increased	O
PMNL	O
activation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Web	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
electronic	O
patient	O
records	O
for	O
collaborative	O
medical	O
applications	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
,	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
based	O
immunomodulators	O
have	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
offer	O
effective	O
,	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
protection	O
against	O
these	O
deadly	O
pathogens	O
.	O

CpG	O
oligos	O
in	O
liposomes	O
also	O
provided	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
protection	O
against	O
the	O
lethal	O
influenza	B-DISO
challenge	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
SCID	B-DISO
-	O
PBL	O
/	O
hu	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

CTL	B-ANAT
responses	O
were	O
also	O
detected	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
DNA	O
-	O
transfected	O
type	O
II	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
T7	O
cell	B-ANAT
clone	I-ANAT
),	O
which	O
are	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
initial	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
human	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
is	O
amazing	O
since	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
human	B-DISO
rabies	I-DISO
deaths	B-PROC
worldwide	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
that	O
from	O
polio	B-DISO
,	O
meningococcal	B-DISO
meningitis	I-DISO
,	O
Japanese	B-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
,	O
yellow	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
bird	B-SPEC
flue	O
and	O
other	O
scourges	O
that	O
attract	O
more	O
attention	O
.	O

Reduced	O
dose	O
effective	O
and	O
less	O
expensive	O
post	O
-	O
exposure	O
vaccination	O
regimens	O
have	O
helped	O
eliminate	O
nerve	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
vaccines	O
in	O
Thailand	O
,	O
Philippines	O
and	O
Sri	O
Lanka	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
process	O
uses	O
broad	O
-	O
range	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
to	O
amplify	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
targets	O
from	O
large	O
groupings	O
of	O
organisms	O
,	O
electrospray	O
ionization	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
for	O
accurate	O
mass	O
measurements	O
of	O
PCR	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
base	O
composition	O
signature	O
analysis	O
to	O
identify	O
organisms	O
in	O
a	O
sample	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
survey	O
concerning	O
perception	O
of	O
risk	O
and	O
countermeasures	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
7	O
tertiary	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Japan	O
from	O
July	O
through	O
September	O
2003	O
,	O
immediately	O
after	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
.	O

Neutralization	O
titers	O
measured	O
by	O
this	O
assay	O
are	O
highly	O
correlated	O
to	O
those	O
measured	O
by	O
an	O
assay	O
using	O
replication	O
-	O
competent	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
No	O
cross	O
-	O
neutralization	O
occurred	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
known	O
to	O
contain	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strains	O
OC43	O
and	O
229E	O
.	O

High	O
percentages	O
of	O
respondents	O
felt	O
helpless	O
,	O
horrified	O
,	O
and	O
apprehensive	O
because	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Approximately	O
16	O
%	O
showed	O
signs	O
of	O
posttraumatic	O
symptoms	O
,	O
and	O
approximately	O
equals	O
40	O
%	O
perceived	O
increased	O
stress	O
in	O
family	B-SPEC
or	O
work	O
settings	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
serious	O
health	O
threat	O
and	O
its	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
and	O
potential	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Polyclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
produced	O
and	O
the	O
strong	O
binding	B-FUNC
sites	O
of	O
the	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	I-PRGE
NP	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
produced	O
were	O
mapped	O
to	O
aa	O
1	O
-	O
20	O
,	O
aa	O
150	O
-	O
170	O
and	O
aa	O
390	O
-	O
410	O
.	O

These	O
sites	O
are	O
generally	O
consistent	O
with	O
those	O
mapped	O
by	O
sera	B-COMP
obtained	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Further	O
refinement	O
of	O
these	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
particularly	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
production	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
useful	O
diagnostic	O
kits	O
for	O
diseases	O
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Traditional	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
policies	O
have	O
focused	O
on	O
engineering	O
controls	O
,	O
specific	O
protocols	O
,	O
and	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
(	O
PPE	B-CHED
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protecting	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
:	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
literature	O
.	O

The	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
policies	O
and	O
procedures	O
used	O
in	O
clinical	O
practice	O
is	O
examined	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
a	O
gradation	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
particles	O
generated	O
by	O
aerosolizing	O
procedures	O
suggests	O
that	O
traditional	O
droplet	O
transmission	O
prevention	O
measures	O
may	O
be	O
inadequate	O
in	O
some	O
settings	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Subcellular	O
localization	B-PROC
and	O
membrane	B-COMP
association	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
a	O
unique	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
which	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
'	O
specimen	O
.	O

The	O
localization	B-PROC
pattern	O
was	O
similar	O
in	O
different	O
transfected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Morphological	O
findings	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
group	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
marked	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
represented	O
by	O
prominent	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
,	O
intraalveolar	O
and	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
patchy	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
edema	B-DISO
,	O
thickened	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
septum	I-ANAT
,	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membranes	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
spaces	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
pretreatment	O
with	O
oxymatrine	O
significantly	O
alleviated	O
oleic	O
acid	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
accompanied	O
by	O
reduction	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
index	O
and	O
wet	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
dry	O
weight	O
ratio	O
,	O
decreases	O
in	O
serum	B-PRGE
TNF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
level	O
and	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
phosphorylated	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Aerosol	O
-	O
induced	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
synoviae	I-SPEC
arthritis	B-DISO
:	O
the	O
synergistic	O
effect	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Mycoplasma	B-DISO
-	O
free	O
brown	O
layer	B-ANAT
pullets	O
,	O
approximately	O
5	O
weeks	O
old	O
,	O
were	O
exposed	O
to	O
an	O
aerosol	O
dose	O
of	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
)	O
colony	O
-	O
forming	O
units	O
(	O
CFU	O
)	O
of	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
synoviae	I-SPEC
alone	O
or	O
3	O
days	O
after	O
inoculation	O
of	O
a	O
field	O
strain	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
(	O
D1466	O
)	O
by	O
the	O
ocular	B-PROC
-	O
nasal	B-ANAT
route	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
repeat	O
experiment	O
an	O
additional	O
group	O
was	O
exposed	O
to	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
synoviae	I-SPEC
aerosol	O
3	O
days	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
M41	O
strain	O
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
that	O
occurred	O
using	O
this	O
less	O
-	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
was	O
significantly	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
genetic	O
line	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
MHC	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
haplotype	I-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
chickens	B-SPEC
of	O
three	O
B	O
congenic	O
lines	O
.	O

These	O
retrospective	O
data	O
from	O
two	O
repeated	O
hatches	O
confirm	O
earlier	O
data	O
indicating	O
chicken	B-SPEC
genes	O
influence	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
indicate	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
genes	O
tightly	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
B	O
haplotype	O
are	O
relevant	O
in	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
organ	O
dysfunction	O
associated	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
five	O
ICUs	O
in	O
nonuniversity	O
and	O
university	O
hospitals	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
Paris	B-SPEC
area	O
.	O

The	O
autopsy	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
from	O
patient	O
1	O
,	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
7	O
days	O
after	O
symptoms	O
onset	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
acute	B-DISO
myocardial	I-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
,	O
revealed	O
mild	O
histologic	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
specimen	B-ANAT
from	I-ANAT
patient	I-ANAT
4	O
taken	O
21	O
days	O
after	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
showed	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
fibrotic	O
stage	O
,	O
with	O
significant	O
myofibroblastic	O
proliferation	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
space	O
and	O
interstitium	B-ANAT
resulting	O
in	O
loss	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
architecture	O
.	O

The	O
histologic	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coincided	O
with	O
the	O
different	O
stages	O
of	O
DAD	O
:	O
acute	O
,	O
proliferative	B-DISO
organizing	O
,	O
and	O
fibrotic	O
stages	O
.	O

The	O
absence	O
of	O
DAD	O
does	O
not	O
rule	O
out	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
optimal	O
treatment	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
induction	O
of	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

Cultures	O
containing	O
CNS	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
were	O
infected	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
JHM	O
,	O
which	O
causes	O
fatal	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

And	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
detective	O
rate	O
was	O
decreased	O
by	O
the	O
month	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
whole	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
Ab	O
-	O
IgG	B-PRGE
detective	O
rate	O
for	O
the	O
clinic	O
diagnosed	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
53	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
only	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
showing	O
severe	O
psychological	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
constituted	O
about	O
41	O
%	O
(	O
group	O
I	O
)	O
and	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
showing	O
mild	O
psychological	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
(	O
group	O
II	O
)	O
constituted	O
about	O
59	O
%.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
showing	O
severe	O
psychological	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
constituted	O
about	O
41	O
%	O
(	O
group	O
I	O
)	O
and	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
showing	O
mild	O
psychological	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
(	O
group	O
II	O
)	O
constituted	O
about	O
59	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multimodal	O
percutaneous	O
intervention	O
for	O
critical	O
venous	B-ANAT
occlusive	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
relief	O
of	O
pain	O
and	O
resolution	O
of	O
acutely	O
life	O
and	O
limb	B-ANAT
-	O
threatening	O
conditions	O
in	O
this	O
most	O
severely	O
symptomatic	O
subset	O
of	O
patients	O
represents	O
the	O
immediate	O
goal	O
of	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
Academic	O
Health	O
Sector	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
illustrated	O
the	O
vulnerability	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
country	O
to	O
the	O
importation	O
of	O
new	O
organisms	O
and	O
other	O
unexpected	O
health	O
crises	O
.	O

*	O
Coordinated	O
processes	O
to	O
move	B-PROC
appropriate	O
people	O
and	O
resources	O
into	O
place	O
when	O
a	O
health	O
crisis	O
requires	O
such	O
action	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
evaluation	O
of	O
573	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
eight	O
shelters	O
in	O
California	B-SPEC
in	O
2001	O
and	O
2002	O
,	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
calicivirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FCV	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
from	O
13	O
to	O
36	O
%,	O
feline	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FHV	O
)	O
was	O
from	O
3	O
to	O
38	O
%,	O
and	O
prevalence	O
of	O
Bordetella	B-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
,	O
Chlamydophila	B-SPEC
felis	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
species	B-SPEC
was	O
from	O
2	O
to	O
14	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
Associated	O
Coronavirus	O
)	O
was	O
reported	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
member	O
in	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
occurs	O
through	O
a	O
unique	O
mechanism	O
employing	O
Leader	O
sequence	O
in	O
the	O
transcripts	O
when	O
initiating	O
transcription	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
genome	O
.	O

In	O
each	O
patient	O
,	O
transpulmonary	O
thermodilution	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
measure	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
hemodynamics	B-PROC
and	O
EVLW	O
for	O
7	O
days	O
via	O
an	O
arterial	B-ANAT
catheter	O
placed	O
within	O
72	O
hours	O
of	O
meeting	O
criteria	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

More	O
than	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
but	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
had	O
increased	O
EVLW	O
,	O
possibly	O
representing	O
subclinical	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Antigenic	O
screening	O
indicated	O
that	O
recombinant	O
GST	B-PRGE
-	O
N2	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminus	O
213aa	O
-	O
423aa	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
strongest	O
positive	O
and	O
weakest	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
compared	O
with	O
others	O
.	O

Reported	O
data	O
showed	O
that	O
this	O
was	O
a	O
relatively	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
for	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibody	B-COMP
testing	O
.	O

Modified	O
levels	O
of	O
several	O
transcripts	O
involved	O
in	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
processes	O
exemplified	O
the	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
opposing	O
forces	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Alterations	O
in	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
several	O
novel	O
transcripts	O
encoding	O
hypothetical	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
sequence	O
tags	O
were	O
also	O
identified	O
.	O

Microarray	O
analysis	O
identifies	O
the	O
critical	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
pathogen	O
interactions	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
provides	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Some	O
syncytial	O
cells	B-COMP
contained	O
enlarged	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
abortus	I-SPEC
or	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pecorum	I-SPEC
inclusions	O
with	O
abnormally	O
large	O
developmental	O
forms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
genes	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
synthetic	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNAs	O
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
received	O
the	O
affinity	O
-	O
purified	O
protein	B-CHED
with	O
either	O
a	O
saponin	B-CHED
(	O
QS21	O
)	O
or	O
a	O
Ribi	O
(	O
MPL	O
+	O
TDM	O
)	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
subcutaneously	O
and	O
were	O
challenged	O
intranasally	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Both	O
regimens	O
induced	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
protection	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
intranasal	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spike	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
assembly	O
into	O
the	O
coronavirion	O
:	O
exploring	O
the	O
limits	O
of	O
its	O
sequence	O
requirements	O
.	O

Consistently	O
,	O
only	O
short	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
truncations	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
tolerated	O
when	O
introduced	O
into	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
targeted	B-PROC
recombination	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
important	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
about	O
38	O
-	O
residues	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
domain	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
assembly	O
of	O
and	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
by	O
this	O
approximately	O
1300	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
long	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
discussed	O
.	O

Several	O
scenarios	O
can	O
be	O
proposed	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
AIDS	O
or	O
SARS	B-DISO
);	O
2	O
)	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
a	O
known	O
infection	B-DISO
where	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
exist	O
previously	O
(	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
USA	O
);	O
3	O
)	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
that	O
existed	O
but	O
that	O
was	O
not	O
diagnosed	O
or	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
linked	O
precisely	O
to	O
a	O
particular	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
(	O
hepatitis	B-PATH
C	I-PATH
before	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
the	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
;	O
4	O
)	O
a	O
known	O
infection	B-DISO
that	O
increases	O
its	O
usual	O
incidence	O
(	O
outbreaks	O
...);	O
5	O
)	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
for	O
which	O
current	O
conditions	O
may	O
facilitate	O
transmission	O
(	O
decrease	O
of	O
immunization	O
coverage	O
...).	O

However	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
peptides	B-CHED
is	O
at	O
high	O
cost	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
other	O
diagnostic	O
techniques	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
EM	O
excells	O
by	O
speed	O
and	O
""""	O
open	O
view	O
""","	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
by	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
detect	O
also	O
the	O
""""	O
un	O
-	O
expected	O
""""	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
specific	O
reagents	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
respiratory	O
and	O
enteric	O
shedding	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
in	O
Northwestern	O
Turkey	O
.	O

The	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
difference	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
faecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
between	O
the	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
the	O
age	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
seroconversion	O
rate	O
was	O
7	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
7	O
/	O
96	O
)	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
shedding	O
BoCV	O
in	O
the	O
faeces	B-ANAT
and	O
42	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
41	O
/	O
96	O
)	O
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
negative	O
for	O
faecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
as	O
detected	O
by	O
ELISA	O
,	O
and	O
20	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
cattle	B-SPEC
with	O
no	O
seroconversion	O
shed	O
BCoV	O
in	O
the	O
faeces	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
findings	O
confirm	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
BCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
seemed	O
to	O
elicit	O
effective	O
humoral	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
but	O
inhibited	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
,	O
especially	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
memory	B-PROC
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
over	O
time	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
the	O
first	O
proteomic	O
analysis	O
on	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
response	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
clear	O
differences	O
between	O
groups	O
defined	O
by	O
demographics	O
,	O
professions	O
and	O
clinical	O
roles	O
suggest	O
a	O
subtle	O
and	O
pervasive	O
secondary	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
with	O
repercussions	O
health	O
care	O
facilities	O
must	O
contend	O
with	O
while	O
maintaining	O
increased	O
levels	O
of	O
vigilance	O
in	O
the	O
wake	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Nurses	O
relied	O
more	O
on	O
peer	O
support	O
than	O
doctors	O
,	O
felt	O
less	O
informed	O
and	O
less	O
involved	O
in	O
decision	O
-	O
making	O
than	O
doctors	O
felt	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
report	O
that	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
procedures	O
were	O
not	O
strict	O
enough	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
by	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescent	O
assay	O
and	O
enzyme	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
of	O
the	O
dynamic	O
changes	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
profiles	O
were	O
investigated	O
at	O
different	O
times	O
over	O
one	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
years	O
in	O
18	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
helpful	O
in	O
the	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
in	O
passage	O
11	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
assessed	O
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

Electron	O
microscopy	O
confirmed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
in	O
passage	O
11	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
model	O
may	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
and	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
can	O
serve	O
as	O
reservoirs	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mechanism	O
of	O
the	O
maturation	B-PROC
process	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

Cumulative	O
data	O
showed	O
that	O
67	O
of	O
the	O
73	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
demonstrated	O
seroconversion	O
by	O
week	O
5	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
may	O
remain	O
viable	O
in	O
the	O
excretions	B-PROC
of	O
convalescent	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
database	O
contained	O
data	O
for	O
144	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
2003	O
Toronto	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

By	O
contrast	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
immunosuppressed	O
host	B-PRGE
TIMP	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
CNS	B-CHED
resident	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
results	O
seen	O
with	O
MMPs	O
,	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
protease	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
via	O
TIMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
correlates	O
with	O
the	O
differential	O
tissue	B-ANAT
distribution	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
during	O
acute	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
.	O

Sample	O
1	O
participants	O
had	O
stronger	O
fear	O
related	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
than	O
Sample	O
2	O
participants	O
,	O
who	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
concerned	O
more	O
about	O
other	O
health	O
problems	O
and	O
discrimination	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
system	O
of	O
SCV	B-SPEC
,	O
bananin	O
exhibited	O
an	O
EC50	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
10	O
microM	O
and	O
a	O
CC50	O
of	O
over	O
300	O
microM	O
.	O
Kinetics	O
of	O
inhibition	B-PROC
are	O
consistent	O
with	O
bananin	O
inhibiting	O
an	O
intracellular	O
process	O
or	O
processes	O
involved	O
in	O
SCV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

Amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
450	O
-	O
650	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
S450	O
-	O
650	O
)	O
contains	O
dominant	O
epitopes	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
Abs	O
)	O
in	O
patient	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

To	O
develop	O
and	O
evaluate	O
an	O
ELISA	O
system	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
Abs	I-PRGE
in	O
patient	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
100	O
healthy	O
blood	B-ANAT
donors	O
was	O
positive	O
in	O
the	O
S450	O
-	O
650	O
-	O
based	O
assay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
protocols	O
of	O
WHO	O
network	O
laboratories	O
facilitated	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
using	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
(	O
RT	O
)-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

A	O
specificity	O
of	O
100	O
%	O
was	O
exhibited	O
by	O
both	O
PCR	O
assays	O
except	O
Artus	O
attained	O
only	O
a	O
92	O
%	O
specificity	O
for	O
stool	B-ANAT
.	O

As	O
no	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
among	O
specimens	O
collected	O
during	O
post	O
-	O
epidemic	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
positive	O
predictive	O
value	O
of	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
assays	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
during	O
low	O
epidemic	O
requires	O
further	O
evaluation	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
Artus	O
and	O
Roche	O
PCR	O
assays	O
exhibited	O
sensitivities	O
of	O
87	O
%	O
and	O
85	O
%	O
for	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
64	O
),	O
91	O
%	O
and	O
88	O
%	O
for	O
stool	B-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
44	O
),	O
and	O
82	O
%	O
for	O
urine	B-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
29	O
).	O

Eighteen	O
sequences	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
polyprotein	O
were	O
downloaded	O
from	O
NCBI	O
(	O
http	O
://	O
www	O
.	O
ncbi	O
.	O
nlm	O
.	O
nih	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
gov	I-PRGE
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
On	O
22	O
March	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
,	O
Singapore	O
,	O
designated	O
Tan	O
Tock	O
Seng	O
Hospital	O
as	O
the	O
nationwide	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
hospital	O
and	O
its	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
took	O
over	O
the	O
role	O
as	O
the	O
screening	O
center	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
on	O
26	O
March	O
2003	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
,	O
117	O
patients	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
to	O
have	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
146	O
suspect	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Travel	O
history	O
was	O
less	O
common	O
in	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
than	O
in	O
suspect	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
as	O
the	O
epidemic	O
was	O
due	O
mainly	O
to	O
local	O
transmission	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
ED	O
,	O
249	O
(	O
94	O
.	O
7	O
percent	O
)	O
patients	O
had	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
and	O
86	O
(	O
32	O
.	O
7	O
percent	O
)	O
had	O
full	O
blood	B-ANAT
count	O
done	O
.	O

22	O
.	O
2	O
percent	O
of	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
had	O
normal	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
when	O
they	O
first	O
presented	O
to	O
the	O
ED	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
World	O
Health	O
Organisation	B-PROC
criteria	O
were	O
important	O
screening	O
tools	O
and	O
admission	O
guides	O
,	O
but	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
strictly	O
followed	O
.	O

Of	O
27	O
cases	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
total	O
white	O
count	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
cells	B-COMP
per	O
cubic	O
mm	O
as	O
per	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
,	O
Singapore	O
criteria	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
only	O
five	O
were	O
identified	O
by	O
clinicians	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Maintenance	O
of	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
during	O
acute	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
requires	O
CD4	O
+	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
but	O
not	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
JHMV	O
)	O
is	O
rapidly	O
cleared	O
from	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
by	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
patients	O
shifting	O
from	O
the	O
maternity	O
wards	O
of	O
more	O
advanced	O
hospitals	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
less	O
advanced	O
hospitals	O
,	O
coupled	O
with	O
the	O
substantial	O
reduction	O
in	O
their	O
length	O
of	O
maternity	O
stay	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
fears	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
could	O
also	O
lead	O
to	O
serious	O
concerns	O
for	O
quality	O
of	O
care	O
,	O
especially	O
regarding	O
a	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
accessibility	O
to	O
quality	O
providers	O
and	O
continuity	O
of	O
care	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Global	O
strategies	O
in	O
prevention	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
on	O
the	O
turn	O
of	O
the	O
second	O
and	O
third	O
millennium	O
:	O
expectation	O
versus	O
reality	O
].	O

Although	O
great	O
advances	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
,	O
a	O
considerable	O
burden	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
from	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
remains	O
globally	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
airborne	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
environmental	O
contamination	O
in	O
SARS	O
outbreak	O
units	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infections	I-DISO
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Elevation	O
of	O
alanine	O
aminotransferase	O
(	O
ALT	B-FUNC
)	O
level	O
is	O
commonly	O
seen	O
among	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Ninety	O
-	O
three	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
survived	O
patients	O
had	O
ALT	B-FUNC
levels	O
normalized	O
or	O
were	O
on	O
the	O
improving	O
trend	O
during	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

Reactive	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
developed	O
a	O
very	O
economical	O
and	O
rapid	O
method	O
to	O
sequence	O
the	O
whole	O
genome	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
avoid	O
cultural	O
influence	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
sequenced	O
the	O
genomes	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
3	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
obtained	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
20	O
patients	O
(	O
55	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
required	O
supplemental	O
oxygen	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
8	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
were	O
intubated	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

While	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
different	O
treatments	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
evaluated	O
from	O
this	O
retrospective	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
higher	O
value	O
of	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
subsequent	O
intubation	O
.	O

In	O
22	O
/	O
32	O
spasm	B-DISO
control	O
was	O
achieved	O
within	O
15	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
in	O
27	O
children	O
was	O
4	O
.	O
6	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
to	O
9	O
.	O
9	O
years	O
)	O
whereas	O
5	O
were	O
lost	B-CHED
from	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
pertinent	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
therapy	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
defined	O
using	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
criteria	O
and	O
cases	O
are	O
considered	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
if	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
isolated	O
,	O
if	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
detected	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
test	O
by	O
appropriate	O
criteria	O
is	O
positive	O
.	O

In	O
light	O
of	O
reports	O
of	O
new	O
cases	O
identified	O
during	O
the	O
winter	O
of	O
2003	O
-	O
4	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
possible	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
will	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
screening	O
of	O
outpatients	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
may	O
become	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
evaluation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
HIV	O
/	O
AIDS	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
,	O
social	O
scientists	O
and	O
sociologists	O
of	O
health	O
and	O
illness	O
have	O
been	O
exploring	O
the	O
metaphorical	O
framing	O
of	O
this	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
its	O
social	O
context	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
killer	O
was	O
a	O
single	O
unified	O
entity	O
,	O
not	O
an	O
army	O
or	O
force	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
contains	O
multiple	O
conformation	O
-	O
dependent	O
epitopes	O
that	O
induce	O
highly	O
potent	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
a	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
containing	O
RBD	O
linked	O
to	O
human	B-PRGE
IgG1	B-COMP
Fc	I-PRGE
fragment	I-PRGE
(	O
designated	O
RBD	O
-	O
Fc	O
)	O
induced	O
high	O
titer	O
of	O
RBD	O
-	O
specific	O
Abs	O
in	O
the	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
Conf	B-PRGE
IV	I-PRGE
and	O
Conf	B-PRGE
V	I-PRGE
mAbs	I-PRGE
significantly	O
blocked	O
RBD	O
-	O
Fc	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
their	O
epitopes	O
overlap	O
with	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
sites	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
Saccharomyces	B-SPEC
cerevisiae	I-SPEC
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
M41	O
strain	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
a	O
recombinant	O
yeast	B-SPEC
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
Y	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
ELISA	O
).	O

A	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
25	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
with	O
a	O
severe	O
chest	O
pain	O
associated	O
with	O
ST	O
segment	O
changes	O
,	O
elevated	O
serum	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
myocardial	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
markers	O
and	O
normal	O
epicardial	O
coronary	B-ANAT
arteries	I-ANAT
is	O
presented	O
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
was	O
also	O
detected	O
in	O
surveillance	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
same	O
months	O
.	O

The	O
intent	O
of	O
this	O
paper	O
was	O
to	O
reflect	O
on	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
precautionary	O
measures	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
taken	O
in	O
a	O
severe	B-DISO
intellectual	I-DISO
disabilities	I-DISO
hospital	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

A	O
review	O
on	O
six	O
SARS	B-DISO
precautionary	O
measures	O
were	O
conducted	O
.	O

A	O
SARS	B-DISO
Quarantine	O
Unit	O
,	O
isolation	O
ward	O
,	O
was	O
opened	O
to	O
isolate	O
patients	O
who	O
might	O
have	O
had	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
during	O
a	O
stay	O
in	O
a	O
general	O
hospital	O
or	O
when	O
they	O
returned	O
from	O
home	O
leave	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Species	B-SPEC
-	O
independent	O
detection	O
of	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
representational	O
difference	O
analysis	O
using	O
non	O
-	O
ribosomal	O
hexanucleotides	O
for	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
subjects	O
either	O
had	O
rarely	O
been	O
exposed	O
to	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
before	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
or	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
exposed	O
but	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
cross	O
-	O
reacted	O
with	O
other	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

An	O
association	O
between	O
hyperglycemia	B-DISO
and	O
CIP	B-PRGE
/	O
CIM	B-PRGE
has	O
been	O
found	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hepatobiliary	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
portal	B-ANAT
myofibroblasts	B-ANAT
in	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
was	O
examined	O
in	O
several	O
studies	O
.	O

Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
is	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
bacterial	O
pathogen	O
in	O
all	O
ages	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
period	O
covered	O
by	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
two	O
new	O
agents	O
causing	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
extensively	O
studied	O
.	O

The	O
continued	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
bacterial	B-DISO
resistance	I-DISO
highlights	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
appropriate	O
use	O
of	O
antibacterials	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Progressive	O
and	O
nonresolving	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
critical	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
identify	O
patients	O
with	O
nonresponding	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
identify	O
patients	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
progressive	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
to	O
institute	O
appropriate	O
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
had	O
a	O
patchy	O
distribution	O
and	O
tended	O
to	O
be	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
periphery	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
forty	O
genetically	O
unrelated	O
Chinese	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
326	O
healthy	O
volunteers	O
were	O
recruited	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
no	O
evidence	O
that	O
ACE	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
polymorphism	B-PROC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
progression	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
or	O
the	O
requirement	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
ACE	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
polymorphism	B-PROC
is	O
not	O
directly	O
related	O
to	O
increased	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
is	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
poor	O
outcomes	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
recovering	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
had	O
palpitation	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
sinus	B-DISO
tachycardia	I-DISO
.	O

Physical	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
fitness	O
should	O
be	O
restored	O
with	O
rehabilitation	O
.	O

CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
were	O
mapped	O
to	O
two	O
H	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
b	O
)-	O
restricted	O
epitopes	O
(	O
S436	O
-	O
443	O
and	O
S525	O
-	O
532	O
)	O
and	O
one	O
H	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
d	O
)-	O
restricted	O
epitope	B-CHED
(	O
S366	O
-	O
374	O
).	O

The	O
optimized	O
recombinant	O
adenoviral	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
vectors	O
encoding	O
spike	O
can	O
generate	O
robust	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
may	O
potentially	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
control	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

They	O
are	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
inadequate	O
immunity	B-PROC
to	O
vaccine	O
-	O
preventable	O
illnesses	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
many	O
will	O
have	O
suffered	B-DISO
psychological	B-DISO
trauma	I-DISO
in	O
either	O
institutions	O
or	O
refugee	O
camps	O
.	O

Candida	B-SPEC
albicans	I-SPEC
is	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
pathogen	O
in	O
microbiological	O
findings	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
detection	O
of	O
Rhizopus	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

It	O
is	O
strongly	O
recommended	O
to	O
settle	B-DISO
germfree	O
urine	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
preoperative	O
period	O
.	O

The	O
thromboembolic	O
risk	O
of	O
radical	B-CHED
retropubic	O
prostatectomy	O
for	O
cancer	B-DISO
parallels	O
lower	B-ANAT
abdomen	I-ANAT
oncologic	O
surgery	O
and	O
is	O
prolonged	O
.	O

Preoperative	O
evaluation	O
of	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
,	O
respiratory	O
,	O
neurological	O
and	O
metabolic	B-PROC
comorbidity	O
is	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
prognostic	O
information	O
and	O
an	O
essential	O
tool	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
elderly	O
patients	O
with	O
prostate	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Except	O
for	O
FPV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
one	O
lynx	B-SPEC
and	O
A	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
phagocytophila	I-SPEC
in	O
four	O
lynx	B-SPEC
,	O
all	O
serology	O
was	O
negative	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
hospitalised	O
in	O
French	O
isolation	O
units	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
:	O
the	O
French	O
experience	O
.	O

49	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
had	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
non	O
specific	O
symptoms	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
experience	O
provided	O
us	O
a	O
lesson	O
on	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
promoting	O
hygienic	O
practices	O
among	O
individuals	O
and	O
different	O
working	O
sectors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
optimists	O
once	O
imagined	O
that	O
serious	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
threats	O
would	O
by	O
now	O
be	O
conquered	O
,	O
newly	O
emerging	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
[	O
SARS	B-DISO
]),	O
reemerging	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
),	O
and	O
even	O
deliberately	O
disseminated	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
anthrax	B-DISO
bioterrorism	O
)	O
continue	O
to	O
appear	O
throughout	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

Intramural	O
and	O
extramural	O
investigators	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Allergy	B-DISO
and	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
(	O
NIAID	O
)	O
have	O
contributed	O
substantially	O
to	O
this	O
effort	B-PROC
.	O

Many	O
basic	O
research	O
discoveries	O
have	O
been	O
translated	O
into	O
novel	O
diagnostics	O
,	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
compounds	O
,	O
and	O
vaccines	O
,	O
often	O
with	O
extraordinary	O
speed	O
.	O

They	O
provided	O
technical	O
assistance	O
to	O
countries	O
reporting	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
cases	O
and	O
requesting	O
assistance	O
,	O
met	B-CHED
passengers	O
and	O
crew	O
from	O
these	O
locations	O
upon	O
arrival	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
and	O
assured	O
that	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
was	O
reported	O
and	O
thoroughly	O
investigated	O
within	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Both	O
groups	O
received	O
2	O
ml	O
kg	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
HCl	B-CHED
(	O
hydrochloric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
)	O
i	O
.	O
t	O
..	O

Histopathological	O
changes	O
were	O
less	O
severe	O
in	O
the	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
group	O
.	O

Histopathological	O
changes	O
were	O
less	O
severe	O
in	O
the	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
group	O
.	O

The	O
public	O
health	O
laboratory	O
in	O
a	O
global	O
emergency	B-DISO
].	O

This	O
new	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
produced	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
maturation	B-PROC
and	O
subcellular	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
surface	O
proteins	B-CHED
S	O
,	O
M	O
and	O
E	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Post	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
translational	I-PROC
modifications	I-PROC
and	O
correct	O
subcellular	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
prerequisites	O
for	O
assembly	O
and	O
budding	B-PATH
of	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
surface	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
S	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
show	O
differential	O
subcellular	O
localizations	O
when	O
expressed	B-PROC
alone	O
suggesting	O
that	O
additional	O
cellular	B-COMP
or	O
viral	O
factors	O
might	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
coordinated	O
trafficking	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
virus	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
site	O
in	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
-	I-COMP
Golgi	I-COMP
intermediate	I-COMP
compartment	I-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
advances	O
in	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
biology	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
current	O
disease	O
prevention	O
strategies	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
large	O
gap	O
in	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
how	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
and	O
the	O
rapidly	O
changing	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
adds	O
another	O
variable	O
to	O
this	O
equation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transcriptome	O
profile	O
within	O
the	O
mouse	B-ANAT
central	I-ANAT
nervous	B-DISO
system	I-ANAT
and	O
activation	O
of	O
myelin	B-COMP
-	O
reactive	O
T	O
cells	O
following	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
released	O
into	O
the	O
basement	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
where	O
it	O
can	O
easily	O
gain	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
bloodstream	B-PROC
for	O
dissemination	O
.	O

To	O
clarify	O
which	O
mutation	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
are	O
necessary	O
for	O
plaque	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
,	O
plaque	B-DISO
assays	O
were	O
done	O
using	O
other	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Another	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
F115	O
and	O
both	O
M	O
changes	O
gave	O
the	O
same	O
result	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
mutation	O
in	O
the	O
F	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
F1	O
-	O
R	O
to	O
form	O
plaques	B-DISO
without	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
addition	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
and	O
immuno	O
-	O
cytochemical	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

High	O
-	O
titre	O
positive	O
reactions	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
all	O
SARS	B-DISO
positive	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

Specific	O
hyper	O
-	O
immune	O
sera	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
recombinant	O
proteins	O
,	O
N	O
,	O
N1	O
,	O
N2	O
,	O
N3	O
,	O
and	O
M2	O
were	O
also	O
generated	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
specificity	O
of	O
these	O
sera	B-COMP
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
an	O
immunocytochemical	O
assay	O
on	O
biochips	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
and	O
uninfected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
acute	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
(	O
AIP	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
immune	B-DISO
thrombocytopenic	I-DISO
purpura	I-DISO
(	O
ITP	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
both	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
disorders	O
,	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
cases	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
which	O
these	O
two	O
diseases	O
co	O
-	O
existed	O
.	O

By	O
reviewing	O
past	O
similar	O
reports	O
,	O
we	O
noticed	O
that	O
AIP	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
ITP	B-DISO
tends	O
to	O
manifest	O
severe	O
sensory	O
impairment	B-DISO
and	O
is	O
often	O
preceded	O
by	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
not	O
by	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
paper	O
was	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
demographic	O
data	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
Princess	O
Margaret	O
Hospital	O
.	O

Diarrhea	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
20	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
after	O
admission	O
.	O

The	O
proportions	O
of	O
patients	O
requiring	O
ventilatory	O
care	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
the	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
group	O
were	O
8	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
and	O
2	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
27	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
and	O
16	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
).	O

The	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
group	O
had	O
a	O
better	O
prognosis	O
.	O

Titers	O
of	O
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
in	O
three	O
test	O
groups	O
all	O
peaked	O
in	O
the	O
sixth	O
week	O
after	O
first	O
vaccination	O
,	O
but	O
significant	O
differences	O
existed	O
in	O
the	O
kinetics	O
of	O
specific	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
levels	O
.	O

No	O
systematic	O
side	O
effects	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
vaccinated	O
animals	B-SPEC
post	O
-	O
immunization	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
at	O
the	O
high	O
dose	O
of	O
5000	O
microg	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
helminth	O
-	O
derived	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
,	O
IgG	B-PRGE
isotype	I-PRGE
responses	O
to	O
OVA	B-ANAT
were	O
of	O
a	O
mixed	O
Th1	O
/	O
Th2	O
profile	O
and	O
spleen	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
cytokines	O
exclusively	O
Th1	O
-	O
type	O
.	O

TRFIA	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
,	O
sensitive	O
and	O
specific	O
immunoassay	O
for	O
detecting	O
SARS	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
with	O
potential	O
value	O
in	O
clinical	O
applications	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
that	O
included	O
569	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
1188	O
control	O
subjects	O
and	O
used	O
in	O
vitro	O
assays	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
role	O
that	O
MBL	B-PRGE
plays	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
FTA	O
cards	O
for	O
the	O
collection	O
,	O
transport	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
storage	B-PROC
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
containing	O
samples	O
is	O
safe	O
,	O
inexpensive	O
,	O
and	O
adequate	O
for	O
molecular	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Poult	O
enteritis	B-DISO
complex	O
(	O
PEC	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
economically	O
important	O
disease	O
of	O
young	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
characterized	O
by	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
poor	B-DISO
weight	I-DISO
gain	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
was	O
evaluated	O
with	O
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
poults	O
inoculated	O
at	O
1	O
day	O
of	O
age	O
with	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

During	O
purification	O
,	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
GST	B-PRGE
-	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
was	O
found	O
to	O
cleave	O
into	O
three	O
main	O
fragments	O
:	O
an	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
p12	B-PRGE
fragment	O
,	O
a	O
middle	O
p30	B-PRGE
fragment	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
a	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
p64	B-PRGE
fragment	O
comprising	O
the	O
catalytic	O
domain	O
,	O
presumably	O
due	O
to	O
bacterial	O
proteases	O
.	O

A	O
mouse	B-SPEC
line	O
transgenic	O
for	O
the	O
receptor	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
229E	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
was	O
created	O
using	O
human	B-PRGE
APN	I-PRGE
(	O
hAPN	O
)	O
cDNA	O
driven	O
by	O
a	O
hAPN	O
promoter	O
.	O

hAPN	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
specifically	O
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
proximal	O
convoluted	O
renal	B-ANAT
tubules	I-ANAT
,	O
bronchi	B-ANAT
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
sacs	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
villi	I-ANAT
.	O

Although	O
hAPN	O
-	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
were	O
resistant	O
to	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
primary	O
embryonic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
and	O
bone	O
marrow	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
were	O
infected	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

hAPN	O
-	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
are	O
valuable	O
as	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
primary	O
mouse	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
hAPN	O
.	O

In	O
that	O
kennel	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
CRCoV	O
indicated	O
a	O
seasonal	O
occurrence	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
coincided	O
with	O
two	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
respiratory	O
disease	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
other	O
kennel	O
,	O
which	O
reported	O
few	O
cases	O
of	O
CIRD	O
a	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CRCoV	O
was	O
detected	O
on	O
entry	O
but	O
only	O
sporadic	O
seroconversions	O
to	O
CRCoV	O
or	O
CHV	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
culture	O
failed	O
to	O
detect	O
any	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
either	O
kennel	O
.	O

A	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
detecting	O
one	O
fragment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
in	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
3	O
SARS	B-DISO
probable	O
patients	O
,	O
4	O
SARS	B-DISO
suspect	O
patients	O
and	O
other	O
27	O
patients	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
in	O
Hangzhou	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
product	O
from	O
one	O
SARS	B-DISO
probable	O
patient	O
was	O
sequenced	O
.	O

In	O
22	O
patients	O
with	O
intraperitoneal	O
colorectal	O
injury	O
,	O
19	O
were	O
managed	O
with	O
primary	O
repair	B-PROC
or	O
anastomosis	B-DISO
while	O
3	O
received	O
a	O
colostomy	O
.	O

In	O
stage	O
I	O
(	O
late	O
-	O
February	O
to	O
mid	O
-	O
April	O
)	O
patients	O
had	O
traceable	O
contact	O
with	O
infected	O
patients	O
or	O
travel	O
histories	O
to	O
known	O
affected	O
areas	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
confirm	O
the	O
regulated	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
genes	O
related	O
to	O
several	O
functional	O
classes	O
including	O
kinases	O
,	O
interferon	B-PRGE
induced	O
genes	O
,	O
chemokines	O
and	O
adhesion	B-DISO
molecules	O
,	O
vesicular	O
trafficking	B-PROC
and	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
,	O
extracellular	B-PRGE
matrix	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
genes	I-PRGE
,	O
cell	B-PATH
cycle	I-PATH
,	O
metabolism	B-PROC
,	O
cell	B-COMP
physiology	I-COMP
and	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
translation	B-PROC
,	O
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
,	O
lysosomal	B-ANAT
,	O
protein	B-PROC
degradation	I-PROC
and	O
ubiquitination	B-PROC
related	O
genes	O
.	O

Microarray	O
analysis	O
served	O
as	O
an	O
efficient	O
tool	O
in	O
facilitating	O
a	O
comparative	O
analysis	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
provided	O
insight	O
into	O
host	B-COMP
transcriptional	B-PROC
changes	O
that	O
were	O
conserved	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
those	O
which	O
were	O
unique	O
to	O
individual	O
pathogens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemic	O
of	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
:	O
an	O
ICU	O
experience	O
.	O

The	O
poor	O
prognostic	O
factors	O
are	O
preponderance	O
of	O
male	O
sex	O
,	O
alcohol	B-DISO
dependence	I-DISO
,	O
age	O
group	O
>	O
50	O
years	O
,	O
MODS	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
presence	O
of	O
acidosis	B-DISO
and	O
need	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Driven	O
by	O
economic	O
liberalization	O
and	O
changing	O
technologies	O
,	O
the	O
phenomenon	O
of	O
'	O
access	O
'	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
dominate	O
to	O
an	O
increasing	O
extent	O
the	O
unfolding	O
experience	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
and	O
wellbeing	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Three	O
multiplex	O
hemi	O
-	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
were	O
developed	O
to	O
detect	O
simultaneously	O
12	O
RNA	O
respiratory	O
viruses	O
:	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
A	O
,	O
B	O
and	O
C	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
hRSV	B-SPEC
),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
types	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
(	O
PIV	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
-	O
3	O
and	O
-	O
4	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
OC43	O
and	O
229E	O
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
and	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
hRV	O
).	O

The	O
overall	O
sensitivity	O
(	O
98	O
%),	O
rapidity	O
and	O
enhanced	O
efficiency	O
of	O
these	O
multiplex	O
hemi	O
-	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
suggest	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
significant	O
improvement	O
over	O
conventional	O
methods	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
a	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
cold	B-DISO
storage	B-PROC
on	O
detection	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
carcasses	O
and	O
local	O
antibodies	O
in	O
tracheal	O
washes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
test	O
the	O
survivability	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
dead	B-PROC
chicken	B-SPEC
carcasses	O
during	O
24	O
h	O
of	O
cold	B-DISO
storage	B-PROC
,	O
7	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
infected	O
with	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Massachusetts	O
strain	O
M41	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
killed	O
humanely	O
10	O
days	O
later	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
persistence	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
,	O
urine	B-ANAT
and	O
water	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
experiments	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
could	O
only	O
persist	O
for	O
2	O
days	O
in	O
hospital	O
wastewater	O
,	O
domestic	O
sewage	O
and	O
dechlorinated	O
tap	O
water	B-CHED
,	O
while	O
3	O
days	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
,	O
14	O
days	O
in	O
PBS	B-DISO
and	O
17	O
days	O
in	O
urine	B-ANAT
at	O
20	O
degrees	O
C	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
at	O
4	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
could	O
persist	O
for	O
14	O
days	O
in	O
wastewater	O
and	O
at	O
least	O
17	O
days	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
or	O
urine	B-ANAT
.	O

APHS	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
and	O
a	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
strain	O
resistant	O
to	O
non	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
nucleoside	I-PROC
reverse	B-CHED
transcriptase	I-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
(	O
NNRTI	O
).	O

The	O
method	O
employed	O
was	O
to	O
have	O
subjects	O
wear	O
a	O
small	O
photometer	O
that	O
recorded	O
total	O
ultraviolet	O
dose	O
over	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
exposure	O
while	O
subjects	O
went	O
about	O
their	O
normal	O
routine	O
,	O
and	O
comparing	O
this	O
value	O
with	O
a	O
hypothetical	O
dose	O
calculated	O
from	O
the	O
highest	O
measured	O
eye	B-ANAT
-	O
level	O
irradiance	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recombinant	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
forms	O
a	O
dimer	O
through	O
its	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effort	B-PROC
of	O
RANTES	O
on	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prediction	O
of	O
smallpox	B-DISO
outbreak	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
control	O
-	O
measure	O
policy	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
mathematical	O
model	O
.	O

Ten	O
episodes	O
of	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
were	O
identified	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
defining	O
criteria	O
of	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
of	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
organs	B-ANAT
that	O
is	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
renal	B-ANAT
were	O
established	O
according	O
to	O
Acute	O
Physiological	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
-	O
II	O
(	O
APACHE	O
-	O
II	O
)	O
criteria	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Acute	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
life	O
threatening	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
SCD	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
can	O
exhibit	O
without	O
any	O
evidence	O
of	O
chronic	O
organ	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
is	O
easily	O
reversed	O
by	O
prompt	O
and	O
aggressive	B-DISO
transfusion	O
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
essential	O
core	O
region	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
required	O
for	O
80R	O
binding	B-FUNC
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
conformationally	O
sensitive	O
fragment	O
(	O
residues	O
324	O
to	O
503	O
)	O
that	O
overlaps	O
the	O
receptor	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
indicates	O
that	O
microglial	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
are	O
the	O
major	O
population	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
target	O
for	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
that	O
the	O
wt	O
spreads	O
from	O
initially	O
infected	O
microglia	B-ANAT
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
an	O
MHVR	O
-	O
independent	O
fashion	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
3a	O
is	O
partially	O
targeted	B-PROC
to	O
a	O
novel	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
smooth	B-COMP
ER	I-COMP
.	O

The	O
early	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
profiles	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
response	O
to	O
both	O
types	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
at	O
2	O
and	O
4	O
h	O
postinoculation	O
were	O
determined	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
Affymetrix	O
HG	O
-	O
U133A	O
microarray	O
(	O
about	O
22	O
,	O
000	O
genes	O
).	O

By	O
screening	O
2	O
,	O
880	O
generated	O
hybridomas	B-ANAT
,	O
we	O
established	O
three	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
clones	O
that	O
secreted	B-PROC
antibodies	B-COMP
specific	O
for	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	O
)	O
and	O
27	O
clones	O
that	O
secreted	B-PROC
antibodies	B-COMP
specific	O
for	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hydrogen	B-CHED
cyanamide	B-CHED
is	O
used	O
in	O
agriculture	O
as	O
a	O
plant	B-CHED
growth	B-PROC
regulator	I-PROC
and	O
is	O
applied	O
to	O
many	O
deciduous	O
plants	B-SPEC
to	O
stimulate	O
uniform	O
budbreak	O
after	O
dormancy	B-PROC
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
uniform	O
flowering	B-PROC
and	O
maturity	O
.	O

Hydrogen	B-CHED
cyanamide	B-CHED
is	O
highly	O
toxic	O
,	O
and	O
adverse	O
health	O
effects	O
from	O
contact	O
include	O
severe	O
irritation	O
and	O
ulceration	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
eyes	B-ANAT
,	O
skin	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
28	O
additional	O
cases	O
of	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
cyanamide	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
illness	O
that	O
occurred	O
during	O
2002	O
-	O
2004	O
,	O
14	O
of	O
which	O
occurred	O
after	O
sales	B-CHED
resumed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lymphopenia	O
and	O
increasing	O
viral	O
load	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
10	O
days	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
suggested	O
immune	B-PROC
evasion	I-PROC
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
focused	O
on	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
DCs	B-DISO
)	O
which	O
play	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
linking	O
the	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

No	O
induction	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
apoptosis	I-PROC
or	O
maturation	B-PROC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
DCs	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
were	O
44	O
men	O
and	O
66	O
women	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
(	O
SD	O
)	O
age	O
of	O
35	O
.	O
6	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
8	O
)	O
years	O
and	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
of	O
23	O
.	O
1	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
)	O
kg	O
/	O
m2	O
.	O

The	O
functional	O
disability	O
appears	O
out	O
of	O
proportion	O
to	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
impairment	B-DISO
and	O
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
additional	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
muscle	B-ANAT
deconditioning	O
and	O
steroid	B-DISO
myopathy	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
relative	O
risks	O
(	O
RRs	B-DISO
)	O
values	O
depended	O
largely	O
on	O
the	O
selection	O
of	O
lag	O
days	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Public	O
health	O
measures	O
employed	O
to	O
fight	O
against	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
need	O
to	O
be	O
guided	O
by	O
biomedical	O
knowledge	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
social	O
science	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

The	O
cut	O
-	O
off	O
O	O
.	O
D	O
.	O
value	O
was	O
defined	O
as	O
0	O
.	O
175	O
by	O
calculating	O
the	O
mean	O
O	O
.	O
D	O
.	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
86	O
sera	B-COMP
plus	O
3	O
standard	O
deviations	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
on	O
serum	B-COMP
cytokine	O
levels	O
,	O
viral	O
load	O
and	O
clinical	O
parameters	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
in	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
nine	O
adult	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
steroids	B-CHED
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
alfacon	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
at	O
North	O
York	O
General	O
Hospital	O
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Ontario	O
.	O

The	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
validated	O
by	O
western	O
blot	O
and	O
MS	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
K	O
-	O
COE	O
constituted	O
up	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
soluble	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
leaves	O
of	O
transgenic	O
tobacco	B-SPEC
plants	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
report	O
highlights	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
collaboration	O
of	O
CCL	B-DISO
personnel	O
with	O
relevant	O
hospital	O
engineering	O
and	O
management	O
teams	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
contingency	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
plan	B-DISO
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
other	O
epidemics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
paper	O
describes	O
mapping	O
of	O
antigenic	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
protective	O
epitopes	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
by	O
assessing	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
defined	O
peptide	B-CHED
regions	O
within	O
the	O
S1	O
,	O
S2	O
and	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
elicit	O
humoral	O
,	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
and	O
protective	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

All	O
S1	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
peptides	I-PRGE
were	O
antigenic	O
,	O
being	O
recognised	O
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
immune	O
sera	B-COMP
and	O
also	O
induced	O
an	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
following	O
inoculation	O
into	O
chicks	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
dynamic	O
model	O
has	O
been	O
built	O
to	O
quantitatively	O
investigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
relative	O
humidity	O
on	O
the	O
transport	B-PROC
of	O
liquid	O
-	O
droplets	O
in	O
air	B-CHED
using	O
coupled	O
mass	O
transfer	O
and	O
momentum	O
equations	O
.	O

The	O
quantification	O
results	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
correlated	O
well	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
by	O
using	O
any	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
sets	O
of	O
primer	O
and	O
probe	O
used	O
in	O
this	O
assay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
of	O
2003	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
774	O
deaths	B-PROC
and	O
caused	O
significant	O
economic	O
damage	O
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
advantage	O
of	O
RCA	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
performed	O
under	O
isothermal	O
conditions	O
with	O
minimal	O
reagents	B-CHED
and	O
avoids	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
false	O
-	O
positive	O
results	O
,	O
a	O
problem	O
that	O
is	O
frequently	O
encountered	O
in	O
PCR	O
-	O
based	O
assays	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
assay	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
established	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
by	O
an	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
test	O
,	O
which	O
utilized	O
cells	B-COMP
derived	O
from	O
throat	B-ANAT
wash	O
samples	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
that	O
recognized	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
but	O
not	O
that	O
of	O
other	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
tested	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
other	O
diagnostic	O
modalities	O
for	O
detecting	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
this	O
assay	O
is	O
simpler	O
,	O
more	O
convenient	O
,	O
and	O
economical	O
.	O

Ninety	O
-	O
nine	O
porcine	B-SPEC
field	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
37	O
herds	O
affected	O
with	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
were	O
examined	O
,	O
and	O
various	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
levels	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
nine	O
samples	O
from	O
six	O
herds	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Many	O
new	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
derived	O
from	O
animal	B-SPEC
sources	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
20	O
years	O
.	O

Ophthalmologists	O
may	O
be	O
particularly	O
susceptible	O
to	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
as	O
routine	O
ophthalmic	B-CHED
examinations	O
like	O
direct	O
ophthalmoscopy	O
and	O
slit	O
-	O
lamp	O
examination	O
are	O
usually	O
performed	O
in	O
a	O
setting	O
that	O
has	O
close	O
doctor	O
-	O
patient	O
contact	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
many	O
viruses	B-SPEC
against	O
which	O
personnel	O
will	O
need	O
protecting	O
in	O
an	O
ophthalmic	B-CHED
setting	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antibody	B-FUNC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
individual	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
neutralization	O
activities	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
,	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
may	O
take	O
years	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
underwent	O
emergency	B-DISO
coronary	B-ANAT
angiography	O
,	O
which	O
showed	O
no	O
severe	O
coronary	B-ANAT
obstruction	B-DISO
,	O
although	O
his	O
left	B-ANAT
ventricle	I-ANAT
had	O
significant	O
systolic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
with	O
characteristic	O
alterations	O
,	O
on	O
ventriculography	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
described	O
as	O
transient	O
ventricular	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
or	O
Takotsubo	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Of	O
10	O
patients	O
tested	O
,	O
2	O
had	O
severe	O
GERD	B-DISO
(	O
Ft	O
>	O
20	O
%),	O
5	O
had	O
moderate	O
GERD	B-DISO
(	O
Ft	O
10	O
-	O
20	O
%),	O
2	O
had	O
mild	O
GERD	B-DISO
(	O
Ft	O
5	O
-	O
10	O
%),	O
and	O
1	O
had	O
no	O
GERD	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
susceptibility	O
is	O
particularly	O
evident	O
for	O
novel	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
but	O
is	O
also	O
all	O
too	O
apparent	O
for	O
common	O
pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

Many	O
years	O
ago	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
noted	O
that	O
the	O
elderly	O
possessed	B-DISO
oligoclonal	O
expansions	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
especially	O
of	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
established	O
that	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
seropositivity	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
phenotypic	O
and	O
functional	O
alterations	O
to	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immunity	B-PROC
that	O
were	O
being	O
reported	O
as	O
biomarkers	O
associated	O
with	O
aging	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
have	O
identified	O
a	O
new	O
RNA	O
structural	O
motif	O
that	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
promoting	O
efficient	O
programmed	O
ribosomal	B-PROC
frameshifting	I-PROC
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
six	O
mAbs	O
were	O
reactive	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
by	O
ELISA	O
,	O
and	O
nine	O
were	O
chosen	O
for	O
detailed	O
characterization	O
.	O

Two	O
of	O
five	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
mAbs	O
neutralized	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
reacted	O
to	O
an	O
epitope	B-CHED
within	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
490	O
-	O
510	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Using	O
a	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
%	O
dilution	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
all	O
44	O
clinical	O
samples	O
tested	O
positive	O
in	O
our	O
assay	O
.	O

In	O
comparison	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
dilution	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
26	O
of	O
the	O
44	O
samples	O
tested	O
positive	O
using	O
the	O
WHO	O
primers	O
.	O

At	O
60	O
days	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
normal	O
controls	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
had	O
increased	O
cellularity	O
of	O
BALF	O
with	O
increased	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
(	O
AM	O
)	O
and	O
CD8	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Electron	O
microscopy	O
of	O
purified	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
showed	O
extensive	O
clumping	O
and	O
morphological	O
changes	O
in	O
spike	O
configuration	O
after	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
virucidal	O
mixture	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
no	O
overt	O
destruction	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
.	O

Regarding	O
infection	B-DISO
isolation	O
ward	O
,	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Control	O
Nurse	O
and	O
Infection	B-DISO
Control	O
Committee	O
Chairman	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
the	O
proportions	O
of	O
staff	O
that	O
could	O
correctly	O
name	B-SPEC
them	O
were	O
39	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
38	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
and	O
15	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Media	B-ANAT
effects	O
on	O
students	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
phylogeny	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
geometric	O
approach	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
approach	O
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
N	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
(	O
3CLpro	O
)	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
promising	O
targets	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
drugs	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
crucial	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
life	I-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
.	O

Only	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
WW	O
-	O
I	O
)	O
peptide	B-CHED
strongly	O
partitioned	O
into	O
the	O
membranes	B-ANAT
of	O
large	O
unilamellar	O
vesicles	B-COMP
(	O
LUV	O
),	O
adopting	O
a	O
beta	O
-	O
sheet	O
structure	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
WW	O
-	O
I	O
),	O
we	O
propose	O
that	O
the	O
hydrophobic	O
stretch	O
of	O
19	O
aa	O
corresponding	O
to	O
residues	O
770	O
to	O
788	O
is	O
a	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
produced	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
Macaca	B-SPEC
mulatta	I-SPEC
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
SARS	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
was	O
established	O
by	O
inoculating	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
into	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaques	I-SPEC
(	O
Macaca	B-SPEC
mulatta	I-SPEC
)	O
through	O
the	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
.	O

HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
human	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
)	O
lipopeptide	B-CHED
vaccine	O
candidate	O
elicits	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
sustains	O
HIV	B-DISO
control	O
after	O
highly	O
active	O
antiretroviral	O
therapy	O
(	O
HAART	O
).	O

Compared	O
to	O
CDV	B-CHED
(	O
cidofovir	B-CHED
),	O
CDV	B-CHED
ether	B-CHED
lipid	I-CHED
esters	B-CHED
have	O
enhanced	O
activity	O
against	O
vaccinia	B-DISO
(	O
VV	O
)	O
and	O
cowpox	B-DISO
(	O
CV	O
)	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Forecasting	O
versus	O
projection	O
models	O
in	O
epidemiology	O
:	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemics	O
.	O

Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
Western	O
blot	O
assay	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
causing	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
in	O
18	B-PRGE
IFA	I-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
-	O
positive	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
confirmed	O
patients	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
nine	O
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
recovery	O
patient	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
When	O
unexpected	O
diseases	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
become	O
a	O
serious	O
threat	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
an	O
immediate	O
response	O
is	O
imperative	O
.	O

This	O
should	O
take	O
into	O
consideration	O
existing	O
licensed	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
against	O
other	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
already	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
safe	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
evidence	O
is	O
presented	O
that	O
HIV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
(	O
PIs	B-CHED
)	O
currently	O
used	O
in	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
therapies	O
might	O
exert	B-PROC
some	O
effects	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
perhaps	O
,	O
on	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
established	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
two	O
additional	O
assays	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
activities	O
against	O
SCV	B-SPEC
:	O
the	O
plaque	B-DISO
reduction	O
(	O
PR	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
neutral	O
red	O
staining	O
(	O
NRS	O
)	O
assays	O
.	O

The	O
NRS	O
neutralization	O
assay	O
was	O
adopted	O
from	O
a	O
similar	O
system	O
used	O
for	O
detecting	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
human	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Physiologic	O
,	O
biochemical	O
,	O
and	O
imaging	O
characterization	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
SARS	B-DISO
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
global	O
disease	O
,	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
practice	O
differences	O
among	O
physicians	O
from	O
different	O
countries	O
would	O
facilitate	O
globalization	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

Potent	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
directed	O
against	O
NL63	O
-	O
but	O
not	O
229E	O
-	O
S	O
protein	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
virtually	O
all	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
patients	O
8	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
or	O
older	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
is	O
common	O
and	O
usually	O
acquired	O
during	O
childhood	O
.	O

Because	O
the	O
two	O
viruses	B-SPEC
differ	O
dramatically	O
in	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
induce	O
disease	O
,	O
analysis	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
might	O
unravel	O
pathogenicity	O
factors	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
frequent	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
suggests	O
that	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
variants	O
have	O
ample	O
opportunity	O
to	O
evolve	O
,	O
underlining	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
vaccines	O
against	O
HCoVs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
hemophagocytic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
international	O
traveler	O
as	O
a	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
hemophagocytic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
international	O
traveler	O
should	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
twenty	O
-	O
four	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
with	O
or	O
without	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
were	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
analysis	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
obtained	O
at	O
baseline	O
and	O
on	O
days	O
1	O
through	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
proinflammatory	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokine	O
concentrations	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
procalcitonin	O
and	O
total	O
protein	O
C	O
levels	O
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
GD	B-PRGE
nsp2	I-PRGE
were	O
compared	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
other	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
strains	O
by	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
basic	O
local	O
alignment	O
search	O
tool	O
(	O
BLASTN	O
)	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
basic	O
local	O
alignment	O
search	O
tool	O
(	O
BLASTP	O
)	O
to	O
investigate	O
its	O
variance	O
trend	O
during	O
the	O
transmission	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
polymerase	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
is	O
relatively	O
stable	O
during	O
the	O
phase	O
of	O
epidemic	O
.	O

The	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
secondary	O
structure	O
change	O
may	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
There	O
are	O
no	O
effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
although	O
the	O
epidemic	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
controlled	O
.	O

The	O
introduction	O
of	O
RNAi	B-PROC
plasmid	O
efficiently	O
and	O
specifically	O
inhibited	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
protein	B-CHED
N	O
.	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
showed	O
that	O
RNAs	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
were	O
clearly	O
reduced	O
when	O
the	O
pEGFP	O
-	O
C1	O
-	O
N	O
was	O
cotransfected	O
with	O
pshRNA	O
-	O
N	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
control	O
vector	O
did	O
not	O
exhibit	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
on	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
transcription	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
data	O
from	O
n	O
=	O
25	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
received	O
iNO	O
,	O
and	O
underwent	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
within	O
72	O
h	O
prior	O
to	O
inhaled	B-PROC
treatment	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
gross	O
morphological	O
distribution	O
of	O
pathological	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
influences	O
iNO	O
response	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
features	O
of	O
probable	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

The	O
software	O
and	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
SPR	B-PRGE
Opt	I-PRGE
is	O
publicly	O
available	O
and	O
free	O
for	O
non	O
-	O
profit	O
use	O
at	O
http	O
://	O
www	O
.	O
llnl	O
.	O
gov	O
/	O
IPandC	O
/	O
technology	O
/	O
software	O
/	O
softwaretitles	O
/	O
spropt	O
.	O
php	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
trees	O
created	O
based	O
on	O
SNPs	O
,	O
PCR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RFLPs	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
full	O
genomes	O
are	O
compared	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
illustrating	O
that	O
purported	O
phylogenies	O
based	O
only	O
on	O
SNP	O
or	O
PCR	O
-	O
RFLP	O
variations	O
do	O
not	O
match	O
those	O
based	O
on	O
multiple	O
sequence	O
alignment	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
genomes	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
34th	O
day	O
after	O
birth	B-PROC
,	O
urine	B-ANAT
volume	O
suddenly	O
decreased	O
and	O
hypotension	O
,	O
oliguria	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
generalized	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
developed	O
.	O

Two	O
weeks	O
later	O
,	O
cranial	B-ANAT
ultrasonography	O
revealed	O
multiple	O
,	O
right	O
-	O
sided	O
,	O
cystic	O
lesions	O
that	O
were	O
subsequently	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
cerebral	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
by	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
of	O
Public	O
Health	O
System	O
(	O
PHS	B-DISO
),	O
alarmed	O
health	O
workers	O
throughout	O
the	O
world	O
proving	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
an	O
epidemic	O
of	O
an	O
emerging	O
infection	B-DISO
both	O
in	O
developed	O
and	O
developing	O
areas	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
attempt	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
categories	O
of	O
PHS	B-DISO
that	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

In	O
their	O
article	O
""""	O
Meeting	O
the	O
challenge	O
of	O
epidemic	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
:	O
an	O
agenda	O
for	O
research	O
""","	O
Kai	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Lit	I-PRGE
Phua	I-PRGE
and	O
Lai	O
Kah	O
Lee	O
clearly	O
demonstrate	O
how	O
social	O
,	O
behavioural	O
and	O
environmental	O
factors	O
,	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
of	O
human	B-SPEC
activities	O
,	O
have	O
accelerated	O
and	O
amplified	O
these	O
natural	O
phenomena	O
.	O

Using	O
random	O
-	O
digit	B-ANAT
dialing	O
,	O
we	O
sampled	O
4481	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
residents	O
in	O
6	O
population	O
-	O
based	O
surveys	O
that	O
were	O
conducted	O
at	O
different	O
times	O
during	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
2003	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
detected	O
in	O
26	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
of	O
587	O
children	O
studied	O
;	O
15	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
9	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
2	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
were	O
noted	O
in	O
the	O
spring	O
and	O
summer	O
months	O
of	O
2002	O
,	O
whereas	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
mainly	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
fall	O
and	O
winter	O
months	O
of	O
2001	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
water	O
-	O
soluble	O
extract	O
of	O
fermented	O
Polygonum	B-SPEC
tinctorium	I-SPEC
Aiton	I-SPEC
(	O
Polygonaceae	B-SPEC
)	O
called	O
Sukumo	O
,	O
exhibited	O
a	O
potent	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
against	O
HIV	B-DISO
type	O
1	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

It	O
also	O
suppressed	O
replication	O
of	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
with	O
an	O
EC	O
50	O
of	O
11	O
.	O
56	O
microg	O
/	O
ml	O
.	O

Mizoribine	O
inhibited	O
replication	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
more	O
strongly	O
than	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
.	O

Few	O
tests	O
allow	O
confirmation	O
or	O
exclusion	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
within	O
the	O
first	O
few	O
days	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Superimposed	O
bacterial	O
and	O
other	O
opportunistic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
common	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
those	O
treated	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Subcutaneous	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
,	O
pneumothoraces	O
and	O
pneumomediastinum	O
may	O
arise	O
spontaneously	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
positive	O
ventilatory	O
assistance	O
.	O

Aspiration	O
of	O
microbe	O
-	O
laden	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
,	O
gastric	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
tracheal	O
secretions	B-ANAT
around	O
the	O
cuffed	O
endotracheal	O
tube	O
into	O
the	O
normally	O
sterile	B-DISO
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
results	O
in	O
most	O
cases	O
of	O
endemic	O
VAP	O
.	O

We	O
here	O
describe	O
specific	O
characteristics	O
associated	O
with	O
circulating	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
provide	O
substantial	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
genetic	O
variability	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
JNK	B-ENZY
and	O
PI3k	B-FUNC
/	O
Akt	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
are	O
required	O
for	O
establishing	O
persistent	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
Hsp60	B-PRGE
detected	O
within	O
30	O
min	O
after	O
trauma	O
correlate	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ALI	O
.	O

Those	O
who	O
worried	O
about	O
contracting	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
improved	O
health	O
-	O
seeking	O
behaviors	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
aetiological	O
agent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infectivity	O
was	O
reduced	O
over	O
10	O
000	O
-	O
fold	O
through	O
pre	O
-	O
incubation	O
with	O
two	O
of	O
these	O
peptides	O
,	O
while	O
it	O
was	O
completely	O
inhibited	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
three	O
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
peptides	B-CHED
identified	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
could	O
be	O
further	O
developed	O
into	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Overview	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
ensuing	O
challenges	O
to	O
hospital	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
workers	O
rose	B-SPEC
to	O
a	O
level	O
never	O
before	O
seen	O
in	O
healthcare	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
unknown	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
the	O
fear	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
and	O
the	O
significant	O
media	B-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

A	O
number	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
treatment	O
strategies	O
were	O
explored	O
during	O
the	O
epidemic	O
,	O
with	O
varying	O
success	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
at	O
a	O
Swedish	O
University	O
Hospital	O
,	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
find	O
a	O
single	O
case	O
in	O
which	O
it	O
was	O
regarded	O
as	O
unethical	O
not	O
to	O
start	O
CPR	B-ENZY
.	O

The	O
patient	O
group	O
studied	O
here	O
had	O
a	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
severe	O
deterioration	O
in	O
their	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
674	O
patients	O
,	O
71	O
%	O
suffered	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
,	O
43	O
%	O
were	O
unconscious	O
and	O
32	O
%	O
had	O
congestive	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
24h	O
before	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Pathological	O
studies	O
were	O
undertaken	O
in	O
10	O
patients	O
and	O
thrombotic	B-DISO
microangiopathy	I-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
seven	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-DISO
involvement	I-DISO
was	O
reported	O
in	O
150	O
of	O
220	O
patients	O
with	O
catastrophic	O
APS	B-DISO
(	O
68	O
%)	O
and	O
47	O
patients	O
(	O
21	O
%)	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
having	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
229E	O
is	O
a	O
group	O
1	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
is	O
specific	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
shown	O
that	O
mutants	O
of	O
A59	O
,	O
unable	O
to	O
induce	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
,	O
may	O
be	O
selected	O
by	O
persistent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
primary	O
glial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
provide	O
compelling	O
evidence	O
of	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
to	O
rapidly	O
evolve	O
in	O
vivo	O
to	O
highly	O
virulent	O
phenotypes	O
by	O
functional	O
compensation	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
detrimental	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
substitution	O
in	O
the	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
profiles	O
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
compared	O
by	O
using	O
microarrays	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
PCR	O
.	O

These	O
antipeptide	O
antibodies	B-COMP
can	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
tissue	B-ANAT
level	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
effects	O
of	O
4	O
laboratory	O
test	O
kits	O
in	O
early	O
detecting	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
].	O

Other	O
than	O
F	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
had	O
good	O
effect	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
detection	O
on	O
dubious	O
patients	O
which	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
effective	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

Six	O
different	O
experimental	O
situations	O
were	O
designed	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
exhaust	O
fan	O
in	O
bathrooms	O
,	O
exhaust	O
fan	O
in	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
building	O
and	O
fresh	B-ANAT
air	B-CHED
exchange	O
system	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Surveillance	O
on	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
at	O
a	O
live	O
animal	O
market	O
of	O
Guangzhou	O
in	O
2004	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
like	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
at	O
a	O
live	O
animal	B-SPEC
market	O
of	O
Guanzhou	O
in	O
2004	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
culling	O
of	O
wild	O
animal	B-SPEC
action	O
taken	O
by	O
the	O
local	O
authority	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
predict	O
the	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
animal	B-SPEC
originals	O
in	O
this	O
region	O
.	O

Animals	B-SPEC
at	O
live	O
animal	B-SPEC
market	O
were	O
sampled	O
for	O
rectal	O
and	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
in	O
triplicate	O
.	O

A	O
single	O
step	O
realtime	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
diagnostic	O
kit	B-FUNC
was	O
performed	O
for	O
screening	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
like	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
manual	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
DNA	O
sequencing	O
were	O
performed	O
for	O
confirmation	O
.	O

In	O
31	O
animals	B-SPEC
sampled	O
in	O
January	O
5	O
2004	O
before	O
culling	O
of	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
at	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
,	O
including	O
20	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
Felis	B-SPEC
catus	I-SPEC
),	O
5	O
red	B-SPEC
fox	I-SPEC
(	O
Vulpes	B-SPEC
vulpes	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
6	O
Lesser	O
rice	B-SPEC
field	O
rats	B-SPEC
(	O
Rattus	B-SPEC
losea	I-SPEC
),	O
8	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
methods	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
4	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
3	O
red	B-SPEC
fox	I-SPEC
and	O
one	O
Lesser	O
rice	B-SPEC
field	O
rats	B-SPEC
were	O
included	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
findings	O
revealed	O
that	O
animals	B-SPEC
being	O
sampled	O
in	O
April	O
,	O
May	O
,	O
June	O
,	O
July	O
,	O
August	O
and	O
November	O
of	O
2004	O
,	O
only	O
one	O
rectal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
from	O
a	O
pig	B-SPEC
was	O
tested	O
positive	O
as	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
much	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
results	O
from	O
the	O
previous	O
year	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
from	O
animal	B-SPEC
origins	O
is	O
low	O
for	O
the	O
winter	O
of	O
2004	O
-	O
2005	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
only	O
limited	O
data	O
were	O
available	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
their	O
efficacy	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
be	O
inactivated	O
quite	O
easily	O
with	O
many	O
commonly	O
used	O
disinfectants	B-CHED
.	O

Withdrawal	B-DISO
of	O
FP	O
in	O
COPD	B-DISO
patients	O
using	O
SFC	O
resulted	O
in	O
acute	O
and	O
persistent	O
deterioration	O
in	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
dyspnoea	B-DISO
and	O
in	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
mild	O
exacerbations	O
and	O
percentage	O
of	O
disturbed	O
nights	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
--	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
calamity	O
in	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
.	O

The	O
second	O
phase	O
in	O
April	O
was	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
to	O
the	O
community	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reducing	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
neopterin	B-CHED
may	O
allow	O
early	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

From	O
this	O
research	O
,	O
we	O
determined	O
that	O
nursing	B-PROC
staff	O
members	O
were	O
anxious	O
,	O
depressed	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
could	O
not	O
sleep	B-PROC
well	O
at	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
systematic	O
SARS	B-DISO
prevention	O
program	O
improved	O
these	O
factors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Monitoring	O
of	O
right	O
-	O
sided	O
heart	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
New	O
and	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
normal	O
follicular	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
strongly	O
TG	O
positive	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
and	O
intensity	O
of	O
TG	O
positive	O
follicular	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
,	O
virologic	O
and	O
immunologic	O
profiles	O
of	O
a	O
young	O
infant	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Ribavirin	B-CHED
failed	O
to	O
inhibit	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
replication	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
key	O
target	O
for	O
drug	O
design	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
effects	O
of	O
disease	O
severity	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
and	O
social	O
factors	O
on	O
neuropsychiatric	O
complaints	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
at	O
acute	O
and	O
convalescent	O
phases	O
.	O

Severe	O
disease	O
,	O
high	O
dose	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
and	O
being	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
were	O
independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
neuropsychiatric	O
complaints	O
in	O
both	O
acute	O
and	O
convalescent	O
phases	O
.	O

Severity	O
of	O
symptoms	O
,	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
and	O
social	O
factors	O
explained	O
about	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
variances	O
(	O
R	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
=	O
52	O
)	O
in	O
anxiety	O
-	O
depression	B-DISO
at	O
acute	O
phase	O
and	O
33	O
%	O
at	O
convalescent	O
phase	O
.	O

Although	O
coagulation	B-PROC
abnormalities	O
are	O
common	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
clinically	O
overt	O
thromboembolic	B-DISO
events	I-DISO
are	O
rarely	O
reported	O
.	O

The	O
virally	O
encoded	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CL	O
(	O
Pro	B-PRGE
))	O
has	O
been	O
presumed	O
critical	O
for	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
infected	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
study	O
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
new	O
compounds	O
that	O
are	O
effective	O
3CL	O
(	O
Pro	B-CHED
)	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
identification	O
of	O
new	O
5	O
'-	O
untranslated	O
exon	O
and	O
new	O
SNPs	O
is	O
considered	O
helpful	O
in	O
investigating	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
study	O
was	O
undertaken	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
frequency	O
,	O
causes	O
,	O
and	O
efficiency	O
of	O
treatment	O
for	O
acute	O
renal	O
failure	O
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
at	O
the	O
intensive	O
nephrological	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
assessment	O
of	O
severity	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
].	O

The	O
study	O
was	O
aimed	O
at	O
the	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
sepsis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
gynecological	O
origin	O
and	O
its	O
influence	O
on	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
obtained	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
high	O
values	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
are	O
suggestive	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
that	O
lethal	O
outcome	O
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
LIS	B-FUNC
value	O
.	O

TRALI	B-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
non	O
-	O
cardiogenic	O
lung	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
developing	O
during	O
,	O
or	O
within	O
6	O
h	O
of	O
,	O
transfusion	O
.	O

TRALI	B-DISO
must	O
be	O
carefully	O
differentiated	B-PROC
from	O
transfusion	O
-	O
associated	O
circulatory	B-PROC
overload	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serum	B-ANAT
C	O
-	O
reactive	O
protein	B-CHED
elevation	O
predicts	O
poor	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
distal	O
type	O
acute	O
aortic	O
dissection	O
:	O
association	O
with	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
impairment	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
aortic	I-DISO
dissection	I-DISO
(	O
AAD	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
sometimes	O
complicated	O
by	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
impairment	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
CRP	B-PRGE
)	O
elevation	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
impairment	B-DISO
and	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
with	O
distal	O
type	O
AAD	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
greater	O
serum	B-COMP
CRP	B-PRGE
elevation	O
after	O
distal	O
type	O
AAD	B-CHED
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
impairment	B-DISO
and	O
poor	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
evaluated	O
the	O
manufacturing	O
process	O
of	O
an	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
preparation	O
(	O
OCTAGAM	O
,	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Octapharma	O
Pharmazeutika	O
Produktionsges	O
.	O
m	O
.	O
b	O
.	O

These	O
purified	O
proteins	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
highly	O
specific	O
polyclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Our	O
study	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
SUMO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
technology	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
enhancing	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
purification	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
for	O
structural	O
and	O
functional	O
studies	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
therapeutic	O
uses	O
.	O

The	O
B1	O
also	O
has	O
potent	O
neutralizing	O
activities	O
against	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
pseudovirus	O
expressing	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Pilot	O
study	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
fitness	O
existed	O
in	O
modeling	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	O
in	O
Beijing	O
and	O
the	O
intervention	O
measures	O
implemented	O
around	O
April	O
20	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
had	O
major	O
contribution	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
model	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemics	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
stable	O
and	O
reliable	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
intervention	O
measures	O
implemented	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
a	O
quantitative	O
way	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
model	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemics	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
stable	O
and	O
reliable	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
intervention	O
measures	O
implemented	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
a	O
quantitative	O
way	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
The	O
mean	O
duration	O
between	O
disease	O
onset	O
and	O
hospital	O
admission	O
,	O
rate	O
of	O
contacts	O
of	O
each	O
infectious	B-DISO
individual	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
contacts	O
in	O
hospital	O
of	O
each	O
infectious	B-DISO
individual	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
key	O
variables	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
transmission	O
.	O

(	O
3	O
)	O
""""	O
Screening	O
for	O
fever	B-PROC
""""	O
practice	O
on	O
each	O
patient	O
at	O
the	O
entrance	O
of	O
the	O
hospital	O
did	O
not	O
seem	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
factor	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
epidemics	O
.	O

IgG	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
against	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
by	O
ELISA	O
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
of	O
311	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
for	O
every	O
2	O
-	O
4	O
weeks	O
.	O

The	O
identification	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
performed	O
using	O
indirect	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
),	O
indirect	O
fluorescent	O
-	O
antibody	B-COMP
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
),	O
and	O
Western	O
immunoblotting	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Specific	O
and	O
high	O
affinity	O
mAbs	O
and	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
polyclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
obtained	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
subtypes	O
in	O
Esherichia	O
coli	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
and	O
animal	O
species	B-SPEC
specificity	O
.	O

To	O
address	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
the	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
contusion	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
how	O
the	O
consecutive	O
addition	O
of	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
affected	O
survival	O
after	O
blunt	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
.	O

Sepsis	B-DISO
was	O
induced	O
via	O
cecal	B-ANAT
ligation	O
and	O
puncture	O
24	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
lung	B-ANAT
contusion	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
causes	O
severe	O
immunodysfunction	O
of	O
splenocytes	O
,	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
different	O
local	O
compartments	B-ANAT
and	O
systemically	O
.	O

Eight	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
Bacillus	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
five	O
new	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
one	O
new	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
Kurthia	B-SPEC
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
cigarettes	O
.	O

Some	O
of	O
these	O
species	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
identified	O
elsewhere	O
as	O
causes	O
of	O
hypersensitivity	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
syndromes	B-DISO
.	O

D	O
(	O
LCO	B-CHED
)	O
improved	O
in	O
80	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
(	O
41	O
of	O
51	O
patients	O
).	O

In	O
mounting	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
quarantine	O
operations	O
,	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
contact	O
tracing	O
,	O
serving	O
quarantine	O
orders	O
,	O
surveillance	O
,	O
enforcement	O
,	O
health	O
education	O
,	O
transport	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
financial	O
support	O
was	O
developed	O
and	O
urgently	O
put	O
in	O
place	O
.	O

Three	O
examples	O
--	O
the	O
Manhattan	O
Project	O
,	O
mapping	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
genome	O
,	O
and	O
rapidly	O
understanding	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
--	O
are	O
analyzed	O
,	O
showing	O
a	O
trend	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
individual	O
scientist	O
to	O
a	O
model	O
based	O
on	O
simultaneous	O
competition	O
and	O
collaboration	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
may	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
antigens	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
serological	O
assay	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
establish	O
a	O
new	O
technique	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
antibody	B-COMP
test	O
to	O
detect	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
severer	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

7	O
samples	O
of	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
4	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
acute	O
progressive	O
stage	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
province	O
were	O
all	O
IFA	O
positive	O
.	O

The	O
binding	B-FUNC
mode	O
was	O
competitive	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
was	O
dependent	O
on	O
preincubation	O
time	O
.	O

The	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
includes	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
At	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2002	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
emerged	O
and	O
spread	O
worldwide	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
examines	O
the	O
ethical	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
process	O
undertaken	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
our	O
medical	O
centre	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
indicate	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
spike	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
its	O
truncated	O
fragments	O
are	O
considered	O
the	O
best	O
candidates	O
for	O
generation	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
vaccine	O
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
showed	O
significantly	O
increased	O
levels	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgA	I-PRGE
after	O
oral	B-ANAT
ingestion	O
of	O
tomato	B-SPEC
fruits	O
expressing	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
produced	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
an	O
isogenic	O
background	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
complete	O
expression	O
of	O
gene	O
5	O
products	O
was	O
prevented	O
by	O
the	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
gene	O
5	O
following	O
scrambling	O
of	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
-	O
associated	O
sequence	O
,	O
thereby	O
preventing	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
subgenomic	O
mRNA	B-CHED
5	O
,	O
or	O
scrambling	O
either	O
separately	O
or	O
together	O
of	O
the	O
translation	B-PROC
initiation	I-PROC
codons	O
for	O
the	O
two	O
gene	O
5	O
products	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
systematic	O
study	O
investigating	O
hospital	O
nurses	O
'	O
physical	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
health	O
status	O
and	O
the	O
kinds	O
of	O
healthcare	O
used	O
-	O
stratified	O
by	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
contact	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
-	O
during	O
the	O
2003	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Nurses	O
in	O
moderate	O
-	O
risk	O
areas	O
appeared	O
to	O
have	O
more	O
stress	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
than	O
those	O
working	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
areas	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
design	O
hospital	O
support	O
systems	O
and	O
occupational	O
health	O
policy	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
psychological	B-DISO
well	O
-	O
being	O
of	O
nurses	O
during	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Initial	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
were	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
dypnea	O
,	O
intense	O
wheezing	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
deterioration	O
of	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
consciousness	O
,	O
which	O
required	O
orotracheal	O
intubation	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

We	O
administered	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
,	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
rapid	O
screening	O
assays	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
discovery	O
.	O

Cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
were	O
engineered	O
to	O
constitutively	O
express	O
an	O
enhanced	B-PRGE
green	I-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
EGFP	O
)	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
antiviral	B-CHED
potency	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
tests	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
antiviral	B-CHED
specificity	O
in	O
tests	O
using	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
);	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
same	O
assays	O
without	O
virus	B-SPEC
challenge	O
.	O

The	O
assay	O
system	O
involves	O
minimal	O
manipulation	O
after	O
assay	O
set	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
facilitates	O
automated	O
read	O
-	O
out	O
and	O
minimizes	O
risks	O
associated	O
with	O
hazardous	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
these	O
assays	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
screening	O
for	O
identification	O
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
selectively	O
active	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

To	O
study	O
usage	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
(	O
PPE	B-CHED
)	O
among	O
three	O
groups	O
of	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
:	O
doctors	O
,	O
nurses	O
,	O
and	O
administrative	O
staff	O
),	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
the	O
appropriate	O
PPE	B-CHED
were	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
different	O
groups	O
and	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
factors	O
that	O
may	O
determine	O
inappropriate	O
use	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
32	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
doctors	O
,	O
48	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
nurses	O
,	O
and	O
77	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
administrative	O
staff	O
agreed	O
that	O
paper	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
surgical	O
masks	O
were	O
""""	O
useful	O
in	O
protecting	O
from	O
contracting	O
SARS	B-DISO
"""."	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emergency	B-DISO
management	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
in	O
a	O
radiology	O
department	O
during	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Radiographers	O
were	O
easily	O
infected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
because	O
they	O
had	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
suspected	O
or	O
probable	O
cases	O
while	O
conducting	B-PROC
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
examinations	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
that	O
viral	O
RNA	O
from	O
clinical	O
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
patients	O
also	O
contains	O
a	O
heterogeneous	O
population	O
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
and	O
mutant	B-DISO
3a	O
transcripts	O
.	O

Viroporins	O
are	O
a	O
growing	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
able	O
to	O
enhance	O
membrane	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
,	O
promoting	O
virus	B-SPEC
budding	B-PATH
.	O

We	O
also	O
used	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
,	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
gene	O
sequencing	O
to	O
detect	O
and	O
identify	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
sewage	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
will	O
aid	O
the	O
framing	O
of	O
further	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
immunopathogenesis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dynamics	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
involved	O
in	O
the	O
bovine	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
complex	I-DISO
in	O
Swedish	O
dairy	O
herds	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Using	O
DNA	O
shuffling	O
to	O
create	O
novel	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
S1	O
genes	O
:	O
implications	O
for	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
recombination	B-PROC
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggests	O
that	O
recombination	B-PROC
between	O
distantly	O
related	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
within	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
probably	O
does	O
not	O
readily	O
occur	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Extranet	O
:	O
supporting	O
local	O
communication	O
and	O
information	O
dissemination	O
.	O

No	O
one	O
encountered	O
personal	O
barriers	O
in	O
his	O
or	O
her	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
site	O
,	O
but	O
several	O
mentioned	O
that	O
time	O
and	O
duplication	B-DISO
of	O
email	O
information	O
were	O
challenges	O
.	O

No	O
one	O
encountered	O
personal	O
barriers	O
in	O
his	O
or	O
her	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
site	O
,	O
but	O
several	O
mentioned	O
that	O
time	O
and	O
duplication	B-DISO
of	O
email	O
information	O
were	O
challenges	O
.	O

Early	O
(	O
36	O
hours	O
)	O
PCR	O
studies	O
of	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
washings	I-ANAT
were	O
negative	O
for	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
context	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
probably	O
infectious	B-DISO
asymptomatic	O
forms	O
is	O
essential	O
.	O

Firefly	B-ENZY
luciferase	I-ENZY
expression	B-PROC
of	O
pGL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
R	I-PRGE
was	O
reduced	O
to	O
13	O
%	O
by	O
esiRNA	O
-	O
R	O
.	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
pGLS	O
was	O
reduced	O
to	O
11	O
%	O
by	O
esiRNA	O
-	O
S	O
.	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
pGL	B-DISO
-	O
N	O
was	O
reduced	O
to	O
40	O
%	O
by	O
esiRNA	O
-	O
N	O
.	O
Control	O
esiRNAs	O
didn	O
'	O
t	O
affect	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
expression	B-PROC
;	O
Hybrid	O
mRNAs	O
'	O
abundance	O
was	O
dramatically	O
reduced	O
by	O
corresponding	O
esiRNAs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Over	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
purification	O
of	O
nucleocaspid	O
and	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
].	O

The	O
significance	O
of	O
changes	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
indexes	O
was	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Leukopenia	B-DISO
and	O
lymphocytopenia	B-DISO
were	O
seen	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
patients	O
.	O

All	O
the	O
indexes	O
examined	O
recover	B-PROC
to	O
normal	O
levels	O
half	O
year	O
after	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)-	O
specific	O
CTL	B-ANAT
responses	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
their	O
magnitude	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
postinfection	O
immunity	B-PROC
,	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
extensively	O
studied	O
.	O

Intriguingly	O
,	O
heat	O
-	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
elicited	O
recall	O
-	O
like	O
CTL	B-ANAT
responses	O
to	O
SSp	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
but	O
not	O
to	O
S978	O
,	O
S1202	O
,	O
or	O
dominant	O
epitopes	O
from	O
several	O
other	O
human	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
5	O
of	O
36	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
HLA	B-ANAT
-	O
A	O
*	O
0201	O
(+)	O
healthy	O
donors	O
without	O
any	O
contact	O
history	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
SSp	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
CTLs	I-PRGE
expanded	O
from	O
memory	B-PROC
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
both	O
recovered	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
five	O
exceptional	O
healthy	O
donors	O
shared	O
a	O
differentiated	B-PROC
effector	B-CHED
CTL	B-ANAT
phenotype	O
,	O
CD45RA	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CCR7	I-PRGE
(-)	I-PRGE
CD62L	I-PRGE
(-),	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
CCR5	B-PRGE
and	O
CD44	B-PRGE
.	O

Mutations	O
in	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
deletion	O
in	O
ORF	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
--	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
were	O
already	O
observed	O
in	O
passage	O
0	O
,	O
suggesting	O
these	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
are	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
adaptation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolate	O
in	O
primate	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
probability	O
of	O
failing	O
in	O
detecting	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
at	O
entry	O
points	O
into	O
a	O
country	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
a	O
molecular	O
docking	B-PROC
model	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
complex	O
with	O
human	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
was	O
constructed	O
.	O

Our	O
model	O
,	O
supported	O
by	O
significant	O
biochemical	O
evidence	O
,	O
suggested	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
residues	O
were	O
concentrated	O
in	O
two	O
segments	O
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
S1	O
residue	O
ARG453	O
and	O
ACE2	O
residue	O
LYS341	O
might	O
be	O
the	O
key	O
residues	O
in	O
the	O
complex	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Because	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	O
)	O
may	O
regulate	O
its	O
multiple	O
roles	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
N	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
were	O
examined	O
.	O

The	O
EVW	O
allows	O
breath	B-ANAT
-	O
by	O
-	O
breath	B-ANAT
estimates	O
of	O
frequency	O
dependence	B-DISO
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
total	O
respiratory	O
resistance	B-PROC
(	O
R	O
)	O
and	O
elastance	O
(	O
E	O
)	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
to	O
8	O
Hz	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Aggressive	B-PROC
management	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
may	O
decrease	O
mortality	O
rate	O
:	O
a	O
suggested	O
protocol	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
outcomes	O
(	O
duration	O
of	O
ventilation	O
,	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
stay	O
,	O
incidence	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
and	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
)	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
protocol	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
critical	O
regulator	O
of	O
heart	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
for	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	O
-	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
).	O

ACE2	B-PRGE
is	O
a	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
transmembrane	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
an	O
extracellular	B-COMP
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
containing	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
and	O
a	O
short	O
intracellular	B-COMP
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
tail	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
ablation	O
of	O
ADAM17	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
using	O
specific	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
duplexes	O
reduced	O
regulated	O
ACE2	O
shedding	O
,	O
whereas	O
overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
ADAM17	B-PRGE
significantly	O
increased	O
shedding	O
.	O

The	O
identification	O
of	O
ADAM17	B-PRGE
as	O
the	O
protease	O
responsible	O
for	O
ACE2	O
shedding	O
may	O
provide	O
new	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
physiological	O
roles	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
torovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
BoTV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
pleomorphic	O
virus	O
with	O
a	O
spike	O
-	O
bearing	O
envelope	B-COMP
and	O
a	O
linear	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
segmented	O
,	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
genome	O
.	O

The	O
distribution	O
,	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
disease	O
and	O
clinical	O
signs	O
(	O
under	O
experimental	O
and	O
natural	O
exposure	O
),	O
pathology	B-DISO
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
prevention	O
,	O
treatment	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
BoTV	O
infections	O
are	O
also	O
described	O
.	O

Statistically	O
significant	O
decreases	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
were	O
noted	O
in	O
mean	O
attendance	O
at	O
peak	O
-	O
versus	O
pre	O
-	O
and	O
early	O
-	O
epidemic	O
stages	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
inflammatory	O
or	O
functional	B-DISO
bowel	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
endocrine	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
dizziness	B-DISO
or	O
vertigo	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
trauma	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
did	O
not	O
eliminate	O
the	O
need	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
for	O
advanced	O
medical	O
support	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
SP	O
-	O
B	O
,	O
-	O
C	O
,	O
and	O
ABCA3	B-PRGE
are	O
coregulated	O
during	O
late	O
gestation	B-PROC
by	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
programs	O
influenced	O
by	O
thyroid	B-PRGE
transcription	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
forkhead	B-PRGE
box	I-PRGE
a2	I-PRGE
,	O
transcription	B-PROC
factors	O
that	O
regulate	O
both	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
genes	O
required	O
for	O
perinatal	O
adaptation	B-PROC
to	O
air	B-CHED
breathing	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
studies	O
show	O
that	O
multiple	O
doses	O
may	O
be	O
needed	O
if	O
surfactant	B-CHED
is	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
established	O
RDS	B-PRGE
but	O
early	O
or	O
prophylactic	O
treatment	O
is	O
superior	O
for	O
infants	O
with	O
gestational	O
ages	O
less	O
than	O
30	O
weeks	O
.	O

Chronic	O
lung	O
disease	O
remains	O
a	O
problem	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
hoped	O
that	O
early	O
treatment	O
with	O
surfactant	B-CHED
combined	O
with	O
extubation	O
to	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
will	O
reduce	O
this	O
complication	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
prematurity	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
last	O
25	O
years	O
have	O
seen	O
a	O
large	O
increase	O
in	O
basic	O
science	O
research	O
on	O
surfactants	B-CHED
with	O
determination	O
of	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
surfactant	B-CHED
proteins	B-CHED
probably	O
being	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
advances	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
four	O
rats	B-SPEC
underwent	O
one	O
of	O
three	O
'	O
first	O
-	O
hit	O
'	O
scenarios	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
severe	O
AP	O
induced	O
by	O
intraductal	O
glycodeoxycholic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
injection	O
and	O
intravenous	O
caerulein	B-CHED
infusion	O
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
sham	O
laparotomy	O
,	O
or	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
no	O
first	O
intervention	O
.	O

Neutrophil	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
by	O
the	O
perfusate	O
was	O
assayed	O
using	O
dihydrorhodamine	O
-	O
123	O
fluorescence	O
.	O

No	O
differential	O
neutrophil	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
by	O
the	O
perfusate	O
was	O
seen	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
observed	O
a	O
six	O
-	O
fold	O
increase	O
in	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
concentration	O
across	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
during	O
AP	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

Veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
therapy	O
at	O
present	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
persisiting	O
life	O
threatening	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
disorder	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
.	O

For	O
more	O
effective	O
treatment	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
human	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
hyperimmune	I-PRGE
globulins	I-PRGE
for	O
intravenous	O
(	O
IV	O
)	O
injection	O
were	O
purified	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

A	O
combination	O
of	O
cold	B-DISO
ethanol	B-CHED
precipitation	B-PROC
and	O
ion	O
-	O
exchange	O
chromatography	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
process	O
pooled	O
SARS	B-DISO
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
IV	O
-	O
injectable	O
,	O
purified	O
,	O
and	O
concentrated	O
human	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
hyperimmune	I-PRGE
globulins	I-PRGE
were	O
prepared	O
from	O
pooled	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
ready	O
to	O
be	O
further	O
evaluated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Two	O
genotypes	O
of	O
Canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
simultaneously	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
healthy	O
foxes	O
and	O
raccoon	O
dogs	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
61	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
healthy	O
foxes	O
and	O
24	O
from	O
healthy	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dogs	I-SPEC
were	O
examined	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
nested	O
PCR	O
assays	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
and	O
genotypic	O
identification	O
of	O
Canine	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CCVs	O
).	O

77	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
fox	O
samples	O
were	O
recognized	O
as	O
CCV	B-DISO
positive	O
,	O
43	O
of	O
which	O
belonged	O
to	O
type	O
II	O
and	O
29	O
to	O
type	O
I	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
both	O
genotypes	O
were	O
simultaneously	O
detected	O
in	O
25	O
samples	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
CCV	B-DISO
type	O
I	O
had	O
a	O
high	O
similarity	O
of	O
96	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
-	O
98	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
between	O
the	O
fox	O
-	O
and	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dog	I-SPEC
strains	O
and	O
the	O
reported	O
Italian	O
strain	O
from	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
A	O
large	O
human	O
scFv	O
library	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
good	O
diversity	O
was	O
constructed	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
screening	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

Computed	O
tomography	O
scan	O
confirmed	O
a	O
homogeneous	O
tumor	B-DISO
that	O
filled	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
thorax	I-ANAT
and	O
displaced	O
the	O
mediastinum	B-ANAT
to	O
the	O
right	O
without	O
invasion	B-DISO
.	O

Surgical	O
biopsy	O
informed	O
of	O
a	O
highly	O
vascularized	O
mesenchymal	B-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
neural	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
lines	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
(	O
OL	O
)	O
and	O
rat	B-SPEC
(	O
C6	O
)	O
origins	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nuclear	O
/	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
localization	B-PROC
properties	O
of	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
have	O
no	O
discernable	O
homology	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
share	O
a	O
common	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
-	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
distribution	O
pattern	O
.	O

The	O
C	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
,	O
which	O
contains	O
both	O
NLS2	O
(	O
aa257	O
-	O
265	O
)	O
and	O
NLS3	O
(	O
aa369	O
-	O
390	O
)	O
was	O
localized	O
to	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
nucleolus	B-COMP
.	O

Results	O
derived	O
from	O
analysis	O
of	O
various	O
deletion	O
mutations	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
region	O
containing	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
226	O
-	O
289	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
mediate	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
localization	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
bone	B-ANAT
mineral	B-CHED
density	O
of	O
224	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
who	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
2753	O
mg	O
(	O
SD	O
=	O
2152	O
mg	O
)	O
prednisolone	B-CHED
and	O
29	O
,	O
344	O
mg	O
(	O
SD	O
=	O
15	O
,	O
849	O
mg	O
)	O
of	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
was	O
compared	O
to	O
normal	O
data	O
.	O

S	O
-	O
peptide	B-CHED
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
primed	O
with	O
oral	B-ANAT
live	O
-	O
attenuated	O
S	O
.	O
typhimurium	O
that	O
contained	O
tPA	B-FUNC
-	O
optimize800	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
(	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
-	O
tPA	B-FUNC
-	O
S	O
-	O
DNA	O
)	O
and	O
boosted	O
with	O
i	O
.	O
p	O
.	O

No	O
statistical	O
significant	O
difference	O
was	O
observed	O
among	O
the	O
Th1	O
/	O
Th2	O
index	O
among	O
these	O
six	O
groups	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
high	O
IgG	B-PRGE
levels	O
.	O

S	O
-	O
peptide	B-CHED
,	O
i	O
.	O
m	O
.	O

CTLA4	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DNA	I-PRGE
,	O
oral	B-ANAT
Salmonella	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
-	O
DNA	O
-	O
control	O
boosted	O
with	O
i	O
.	O
p	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
observation	O
may	O
have	O
major	O
practical	O
value	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
immunization	O
of	O
civet	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
,	O
since	O
production	O
of	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
is	O
far	O
less	O
expensive	O
than	O
production	O
of	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
using	O
eukaryotic	O
systems	O
.	O

The	O
former	O
was	O
less	O
laborious	O
with	O
shorter	O
time	O
for	O
completion	O
and	O
can	O
easily	O
be	O
adapted	O
to	O
an	O
automated	O
system	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
MagNa	O
Pure	B-FUNC
-	O
LC	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
extract	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
from	O
clinical	O
samples	O
and	O
load	O
it	O
into	O
the	O
sample	O
capillaries	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
LightCycler	O
.	O

As	O
exemplified	O
by	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
continued	O
refinement	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
PCR	O
procedures	O
will	O
greatly	O
benefit	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
laboratory	O
during	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
of	O
polyproteins	O
by	O
the	O
3CL	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
viral	O
propagation	O
.	O

Though	O
AG7088	O
is	O
inactive	O
(	O
IC50	O
>	O
100	O
microM	O
),	O
the	O
ketomethylene	O
isosteres	O
and	O
tripeptide	B-CHED
alpha	O
,	O
beta	O
-	O
unsaturated	O
esters	B-CHED
containing	O
both	O
P1	O
and	O
P2	O
phenylalanine	B-CHED
residues	O
show	O
modest	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
(	O
IC50	O
=	O
11	O
-	O
39	O
microM	O
).	O

VEGF	B-PRGE
levels	O
are	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
lower	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
from	O
ALI	O
patients	O
compared	O
with	O
normals	O
,	O
but	O
these	O
studies	O
did	O
not	O
include	O
a	O
comparably	O
ill	B-DISO
control	O
group	O
with	O
noninflammatory	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
report	O
clinical	O
,	O
radiological	O
and	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	O
)	O
findings	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
manifestations	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
multicentric	B-DISO
Castleman	I-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
MCD	B-DISO
).	O

Two	O
patients	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
manifestation	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
multicentric	B-DISO
Castleman	I-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
an	O
acute	O
reticulo	O
-	O
nodular	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
,	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
systemic	O
symptoms	O
and	O
peripheral	B-DISO
lymphadenopathy	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
course	O
is	O
specific	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
rapid	O
onset	O
and	O
regression	O
,	O
frequent	O
relapses	O
and	O
a	O
high	O
occurrence	O
of	O
non	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Hodgkin	I-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
lymphoma	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
observations	O
in	O
suckling	O
mice	B-SPEC
in	O
which	O
viruses	B-SPEC
encoding	O
inactivating	O
mutations	O
within	O
the	O
S510	O
epitope	B-CHED
(	O
epitope	B-CHED
escape	O
mutants	O
)	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
persistent	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
increased	O
neurovirulence	O
(	O
Pewe	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
J	O
Virol	O
.	O

Recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
expressing	O
the	O
JHM	O
spike	O
,	O
wild	O
type	O
or	O
encoding	O
the	O
N514S	O
substitution	O
,	O
were	O
also	O
selected	O
in	O
which	O
background	O
genes	O
were	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
neuroattenuated	O
A59	O
strain	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
practicability	O
of	O
a	O
pumpless	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
system	O
(	O
pECLA	O
)	O
in	O
trauma	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
severe	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

With	O
pECLA	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
was	O
eliminated	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
while	O
the	O
minute	O
volume	O
of	O
artificial	O
ventilation	O
could	O
be	O
reduced	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
major	O
disease	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
and	O
foot	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
and	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
mouth	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
coupled	O
with	O
fears	O
of	O
emergence	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmissible	O
variants	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
have	O
highlighted	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
accurate	O
quantification	O
of	O
disease	O
threat	O
when	O
relatively	O
few	O
cases	O
have	O
occurred	O
.	O

A	O
cohort	O
of	O
100	O
patients	O
was	O
enrolled	O
from	O
2001	O
to	O
2003	O
in	O
which	O
50	O
patients	O
had	O
clinically	O
diagnosed	O
viral	O
RTI	B-DISO
and	O
50	O
were	O
asymptomatic	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
had	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
tests	O
at	O
regular	O
intervals	O
for	O
12	O
months	O
.	O

In	O
six	O
of	O
these	O
nine	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
decline	O
in	O
FEV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
was	O
sustained	O
over	O
a	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
consistent	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
obliterans	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
BOS	B-DISO
).	O

Community	O
-	O
acquired	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
rejection	O
and	O
BOS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
recently	O
found	O
in	O
The	O
Netherlands	O
has	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
Japan	O
with	O
a	O
reverse	O
transcription	O
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
technique	O
in	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
from	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

Sequencing	O
and	O
sequential	O
comparison	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
mutation	O
trend	O
of	O
the	O
polymerase	B-PRGE
nsp5	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
during	O
the	O
epidemic	O
process	O
using	O
a	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
basic	O
local	O
alignment	O
search	O
tool	O
(	O
BLASTN	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
basic	O
local	O
alignment	O
search	O
tool	O
(	O
BLASTP	O
).	O

After	O
PP1	B-PRGE
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
remained	O
significantly	O
improved	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
improvement	O
from	O
SP1	B-PRGE
to	O
SP2	B-PRGE
was	O
linearly	O
related	O
to	O
PaO2	B-PRGE
/	O
FIO2	O
during	O
PP1	B-PRGE
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
).	O

Immuno	O
-	O
chromatographic	O
rapid	O
tests	O
(	O
FASTest	O
Strips	O
)	O
were	O
applied	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
and	O
their	O
results	O
were	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
ones	O
obtained	O
with	O
standard	O
methods	O
(	O
modified	O
Ziehl	O
-	O
Neelsen	O
stain	O
,	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
ELISA	O
and	O
cultivation	O
).	O

Compared	O
to	O
the	O
modified	O
Ziehl	O
-	O
Neelsen	O
stain	O
or	O
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
ELISA	O
,	O
the	O
FASTest	O
Strips	O
CRYPTO	B-DISO
and	O
ROTA	O
were	O
of	O
very	O
high	O
diagnostic	O
specificity	O
of	O
100	O
%	O
each	O
and	O
their	O
diagnostic	O
sensitivity	O
was	O
75	O
%	O
and	O
57	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
recombinant	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	O
)	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)-	O
based	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
antigen	B-CHED
tests	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
widely	O
reported	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
compared	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
a	O
recently	O
established	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
amplification	B-DISO
(	O
LAMP	O
)	O
assay	O
with	O
the	O
one	O
from	O
a	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
quantitative	O
PCR	O
assay	O
.	O

Results	O
indicate	O
that	O
HCWs	O
were	O
most	O
able	O
to	O
report	O
to	O
work	O
for	O
a	O
mass	O
casualty	O
incident	O
(	O
MCI	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
83	O
%),	O
environmental	O
disaster	O
(	O
81	O
%),	O
and	O
chemical	O
event	O
(	O
71	O
%)	O
and	O
least	O
able	O
to	O
report	O
during	O
a	O
smallpox	B-SPEC
epidemic	O
(	O
69	O
%),	O
radiological	O
event	O
(	O
64	O
%),	O
sudden	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
(	O
64	O
%),	O
or	O
severe	O
snow	O
storm	O
(	O
49	O
%).	O

However	O
,	O
other	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
renin	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-PATH
,	O
including	O
ACE	B-PRGE
,	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
1a	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
AT1a	B-PRGE
),	O
promote	O
disease	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
induce	O
lung	B-ANAT
oedemas	B-DISO
and	O
impair	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Data	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
notified	O
from	O
the	O
Beijing	O
Municipal	O
Center	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
(	O
BCDC	O
)	O
and	O
supplemented	O
by	O
other	O
channels	O
were	O
collected	O
.	O

(	O
1	O
)	O
The	O
susceptible	O
persons	O
with	O
contact	O
history	O
may	O
not	O
get	O
infected	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
contact	O
history	O
is	O
just	O
a	O
sufficient	O
condition	O
of	O
infecting	O
SARS	B-DISO
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
There	O
are	O
3	O
conceivable	O
reasons	O
for	O
the	O
descending	O
trend	O
of	O
the	O
proportion	O
in	O
probable	O
cases	O
with	O
contact	O
history	O
;	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
The	O
contact	O
history	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
;	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
The	O
risk	O
of	O
contacting	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
among	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
is	O
approximately	O
5	O
times	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
HCWs	O
.	O

In	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
independent	O
prognostic	O
variables	O
for	O
hypocapnica	O
were	O
plasmatic	O
levels	O
of	O
protrombin	O
time	O
,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
and	O
sodium	O
.	O

Hypocapnia	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
more	O
evident	O
in	O
Child	O
C	O
than	O
in	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
(	O
31	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
vs	O
.	O
38	O
.	O
1	O
+/-	O

HPS	B-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
8	O
patients	O
(	O
16	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
inapparent	O
nosocomial	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Vietnam	O
by	O
use	O
of	O
highly	O
specific	O
recombinant	O
truncated	O
nucleocapsid	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
healthy	O
volunteers	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
Vietnam	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
newly	O
developed	O
methods	O
.	O

protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
safe	O
but	O
also	O
a	O
more	O
specific	O
and	O
more	O
sensitive	O
method	O
to	O
diagnose	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
hence	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
epidemiological	O
studies	O
.	O

The	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
contained	O
a	O
plasmid	O
encoding	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
CMV	B-SPEC
promoter	I-PRGE
and	O
intron	O
A	O
.	O
The	O
whole	O
killed	O
virus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
was	O
comprised	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
propagated	O
in	O
Vero	O
-	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
with	O
subsequent	O
beta	O
-	O
propilactone	O
inactivation	B-DISO
and	O
formulated	O
with	O
aluminum	B-CHED
hydroxide	I-CHED
adjuvant	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
combination	O
of	O
the	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
and	O
the	O
whole	O
killed	O
virus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
magnitude	O
and	O
change	O
the	O
bias	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
monitored	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
lung	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
as	O
reflected	O
by	O
wet	O
-	O
dry	O
weights	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
perfusate	O
concentrations	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
8	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
isoprostane	I-CHED
(	O
a	O
marker	O
of	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
),	O
and	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
factor	O
(	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
before	O
and	O
for	O
2	O
h	O
after	O
endotoxin	O
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
injection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
Spike	O
into	O
mice	B-SPEC
worsens	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
failure	O
in	O
vivo	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
attenuated	O
by	O
blocking	B-DISO
the	O
renin	B-PRGE
-	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

Tuberculosis	B-PATH
(	O
TB	O
)	O
commonly	O
causes	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
extensive	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
parenchymal	O
involvement	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
cause	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Nine	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
of	O
187	O
patients	O
had	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
.	O

These	O
pandemic	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
originated	O
in	O
South	O
East	O
Asia	O
.	O

Bird	B-SPEC
faeces	B-ANAT
are	O
also	O
key	O
carriers	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Other	O
important	O
players	O
are	O
migrating	O
birds	B-SPEC
from	O
North	O
Asia	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
principal	O
vectors	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
modern	O
water	B-CHED
technology	O
can	O
find	O
good	O
solutions	O
for	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O

The	O
difference	O
in	O
chloride	O
sensitivity	O
between	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
and	O
ACE	B-PRGE
was	O
investigated	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
second	O
chloride	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
site	I-PRGE
(	O
CL2	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
confirmed	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
Postmortem	O
skeletal	B-ANAT
muscles	I-ANAT
from	O
8	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
March	O
2003	O
were	O
studied	O
under	O
light	O
and	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
immunohistochemistry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Congenital	B-DISO
neutropenia	I-DISO
and	O
primary	B-PATH
immunodeficiency	I-PATH
disorders	O
:	O
a	O
survey	O
of	O
26	O
Iranian	O
patients	O
.	O

259	O
.	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
/	O
mm	O
(	O
range	O
74	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
152	O
/	O
mm	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
first	O
visit	O
.	O

Stem	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
should	O
be	O
tested	O
for	O
prion	O
particles	O
and	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
origin	O
that	O
assure	O
an	O
acceptable	O
quality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
incubation	O
period	O
of	O
SARS	O
is	O
the	O
time	O
between	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
disease	O
and	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

The	O
basic	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
was	O
estimated	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
masks	O
alone	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
insufficient	O
in	O
containing	O
an	O
epidemic	O
.	O

NKG2D	B-PRGE
may	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
primary	B-PRGE
recognition	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
or	O
as	O
a	O
costimulatory	O
molecule	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
NKG2D	B-PRGE
(+)	O
gammadelta	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
JHM	O
-	O
infected	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
express	O
the	O
adaptor	O
molecule	O
DAP12	B-PRGE
and	O
an	O
NKG2D	B-PRGE
isoform	O
(	O
NKG2D	B-PRGE
short	O
),	O
both	O
required	O
for	O
NKG2D	B-PRGE
to	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
primary	O
receptor	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Apical	O
entry	O
and	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
polarized	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
lung	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
an	O
in	O
vitro	O
model	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
using	O
relevant	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
is	O
not	O
yet	O
available	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
difficult	O
to	O
dissect	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
productively	O
infect	O
human	B-SPEC
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
causing	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
process	O
reflective	O
of	O
its	O
natural	O
course	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
almost	O
exclusively	O
entered	O
and	O
was	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
apical	O
domain	O
of	O
polarized	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
might	O
provide	O
important	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
transmission	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

The	O
P	O
-	O
PMO	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
their	O
capacity	O
to	O
inhibit	O
production	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
probe	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
conserved	O
viral	O
RNA	O
motifs	O
and	O
secondary	O
structures	O
.	O

Two	O
P	O
-	O
PMO	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
(	O
TRS	B-DISO
)	O
region	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
effective	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
tested	O
.	O

Those	O
partially	O
resistant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
grew	O
more	O
slowly	O
and	O
formed	O
smaller	O
plaques	B-DISO
than	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
These	O
results	O
suggest	O
PMO	O
compounds	O
have	O
powerful	O
therapeutic	O
and	O
investigative	O
potential	O
toward	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
requires	O
lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
and	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
but	O
not	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
release	B-PATH
.	O

Correspondingly	O
,	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
induced	O
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
was	O
retarded	O
by	O
cholesterol	B-DISO
depletion	I-DISO
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
with	O
lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
in	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
up	O
-	O
regulates	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
fibrinogen	B-ANAT
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

While	O
the	O
former	O
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
decreases	O
in	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
or	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
related	O
to	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
disease	O
or	O
use	O
of	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
latter	O
may	O
involve	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
potential	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
even	O
craniotomy	O
may	O
be	O
performed	O
during	O
ECMO	O
therapy	O
without	O
major	O
bleeding	B-DISO
and	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
on	O
neurological	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
as	O
a	O
component	O
of	O
MOFS	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
39	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
despite	O
acknowledgment	O
of	O
risk	O
,	O
the	O
occupational	O
death	B-PROC
rate	O
for	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
but	O
the	O
prophylactic	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
still	O
under	O
investigation	O
.	O

RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
detected	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
in	O
40	O
/	O
306	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
children	O
positive	O
for	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
an	O
incidence	O
intermediate	O
between	O
that	O
of	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
(	O
58	O
patients	O
,	O
18	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
influenzavirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
(	O
29	O
patients	O
,	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

However	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
seems	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
sensitive	B-DISO
to	I-DISO
heat	I-DISO
treatment	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
JHM	O
,	O
another	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
would	O
not	O
aggregate	O
after	O
the	O
same	O
treatment	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
first	O
occurred	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Republic	O
of	O
China	O
in	O
November	O
2002	O
and	O
has	O
subsequently	O
spread	O
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
combined	O
with	O
its	O
rapid	O
spread	O
requires	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
fast	B-FUNC
and	O
sensitive	O
diagnostic	O
assays	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
genotype	O
-	O
specific	O
fluorogenic	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
were	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
quantitation	O
of	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CCoV	O
)	O
type	O
I	O
and	O
type	O
II	O
RNA	O
in	O
the	O
faeces	B-ANAT
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
genotype	O
-	O
specific	O
fluorogenic	O
assays	O
were	O
then	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
and	O
measure	O
viral	O
loads	O
in	O
the	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
dogs	B-SPEC
naturally	O
or	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
with	O
type	O
I	O
,	O
type	O
II	O
,	O
or	O
both	O
genotypes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Variations	O
in	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
isolated	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

The	O
Korean	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
shared	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
similarity	O
of	O
between	O
89	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
K203	O
-	O
02	O
and	O
K1255	O
-	O
03	O
)	O
and	O
98	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
K434	O
-	O
01	O
and	O
K281	O
-	O
01	O
)	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
exhibited	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
similarity	O
between	O
57	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
(	O
K774	O
-	O
01	O
and	O
V18	O
/	O
91	O
)	O
and	O
96	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
K507	O
-	O
01	O
and	O
JP8147	O
)	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
Korean	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
deduced	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
segregation	O
of	O
Korean	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
into	O
three	O
different	O
clusters	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
cluster	O
assignments	O
differing	O
for	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
isolates	O
from	O
those	O
obtained	O
with	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
glycoprotein	O
.	O

Another	O
Korean	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
,	O
K210	O
-	O
02	O
,	O
belonged	O
to	O
a	O
cluster	O
that	O
included	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
isolated	O
in	O
USA	O
,	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
and	O
China	O
.	O

RICT	O
with	O
several	O
pairs	O
of	O
MoAbs	O
showed	O
a	O
high	O
sensitivity	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
recombinant	O
N	O
-	O
Ag	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
viral	O
N	O
-	O
Ag	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
rSN122	O
and	O
rSN21	O
-	O
2	O
were	O
the	O
best	O
MoAbs	O
for	O
immobilized	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
enzyme	O
labeling	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
outpatient	O
radiotherapy	O
department	O
assessed	O
how	O
precautions	O
implemented	O
during	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
affected	O
patient	O
satisfaction	O
with	O
doctor	O
-	O
patient	O
interaction	O
and	O
explored	O
variables	O
potentially	O
influencing	O
satisfaction	O
.	O

An	O
extensive	O
diagnostic	O
work	O
-	O
up	O
revealed	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
six	O
of	O
27	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
5	O
of	O
18	O
healthy	O
controls	O
had	O
strongly	O
stained	O
columnar	O
epithelia	O
of	O
the	O
bronchiole	B-ANAT
,	O
especially	O
the	O
lumen	B-ANAT
border	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
epithelia	O
?	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
two	O
groups	O
was	O
significant	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Conditions	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
cultivation	O
and	O
inactivation	B-DISO
].	O

Vero	O
and	O
Vero	O
-	O
E6	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
were	O
sensitive	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
The	O
cytopathic	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
75	O
%	O
at	O
37	O
degrees	O
C	O
in	O
5	O
percent	O
CO2	B-CHED
incubator	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
establish	O
a	O
simple	O
rapid	O
and	O
sensitive	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
method	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
by	O
designing	O
the	O
specific	O
primers	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
optimizing	O
the	O
parameters	O
for	O
PCR	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
patient	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
mouthwash	O
was	O
33	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
(	O
12	O
/	O
36	O
)	O
and	O
67	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
(	O
27	O
/	O
40	O
),	O
respectively	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
healthy	O
people	O
was	O
zero	O
(	O
0	O
/	O
160	O
).	O

Nose	B-ANAT
and	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
of	O
participants	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
a	O
broad	O
range	O
of	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Routine	O
vaccination	O
against	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
not	O
recommended	O
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
patients	O
and	O
healthy	O
controls	O
against	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
A549	O
human	B-SPEC
pulmonary	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
line	O
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
human	B-SPEC
umbilical	O
venous	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
HUVEC	O
),	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
HPEC	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
and	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
staining	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
consensus	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
Feline	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
(	O
strain	O
FIPV	O
WSU	O
-	O
79	O
/	O
1146	O
)	O
genome	O
was	O
determined	O
from	O
overlapping	O
cDNA	O
fragments	O
produced	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
.	O

The	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
was	O
analysed	O
for	O
putative	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
elements	O
and	O
the	O
pattern	O
of	O
subgenomic	O
mRNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
was	O
analysed	O
by	O
Northern	O
blotting	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
confirmed	O
that	O
FIPV	O
WSU	O
-	O
79	O
/	O
1146	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
subgroup	O
G1	O
-	O
1	O
.	O

Phosphorylated	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
also	O
present	O
in	O
purified	O
virions	B-COMP
,	O
containing	O
at	O
least	O
phosphoserines	O
156	O
and	O
256	O
.	O

Whilst	O
serine	B-CHED
9	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
conserved	O
domain	O
,	O
serines	O
156	O
,	O
254	O
and	O
256	O
were	O
localized	O
close	O
to	O
highly	O
conserved	O
secondary	O
structural	O
elements	O
within	O
the	O
central	O
domain	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Partial	O
deletion	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
domain	I-ANAT
allowed	O
efficient	O
incorporation	O
into	O
VSV	O
particles	O
and	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
a	O
pseudotype	O
(	O
VSV	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
St19	B-ANAT
)	O
at	O
high	O
titre	O
.	O

The	O
infected	O
cat	B-SPEC
displayed	O
loss	O
of	O
weight	O
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
ascitis	B-ANAT
,	O
anemia	B-DISO
and	O
died	B-PROC
within	O
15	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
appearance	O
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
zoonotic	O
and	O
may	O
have	O
a	O
broad	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
besides	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
number	O
of	O
candidate	O
vaccines	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
approaches	O
,	O
are	O
under	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

Nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
be	O
excreted	O
through	O
the	O
stool	B-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
into	O
sewage	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
transmitting	O
through	O
digestive	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
cannot	O
be	O
excluded	O
.	O

Initial	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
of	O
79	O
patients	O
,	O
15	O
to	O
69	O
years	O
old	O
(	O
mean	O
age	O
34	O
.	O
1	O
years	O
,	O
40	O
men	O
and	O
39	O
women	O
),	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

No	O
significant	O
difference	O
of	O
mean	O
age	O
and	O
day	O
(	O
form	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
fever	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
initial	O
radiographs	O
taken	O
)	O
was	O
found	O
between	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
abnormal	O
initial	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
plasmid	O
-	O
derived	O
siRNAs	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
non	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
structural	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
NSP1	B-PRGE
)	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
could	O
specifically	O
inhibit	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
NSP1	B-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
and	O
effectively	O
suppress	O
the	O
replication	O
and	O
propagation	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
cultured	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cell	O
lines	O
.	O

The	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
group	O
had	O
more	O
adverse	O
outcomes	O
(	O
37	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
16	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
despite	O
younger	O
age	O
and	O
less	O
comorbidity	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Despite	O
more	O
favourable	O
baseline	O
characteristics	O
and	O
similar	O
peak	O
LDH	B-PRGE
levels	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
given	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
had	O
more	O
adverse	O
outcomes	O
.	O

All	O
residues	O
except	O
Thr2p	O
and	O
Lys9p	B-PRGE
are	O
accessible	O
for	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
recognition	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Papain	B-ENZY
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
)	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
):	O
expression	O
,	O
purification	O
,	O
characterization	O
,	O
and	O
inhibition	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
the	O
recent	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
that	O
appeared	O
in	O
2002	O
has	O
now	O
been	O
contained	O
,	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
remains	O
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
VSV	O
-	O
S	O
developed	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
control	O
a	O
challenge	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
performed	O
at	O
1	O
month	O
or	O
4	O
months	O
after	O
a	O
single	O
vaccination	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Both	O
viral	O
effect	O
and	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
mechanism	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Tests	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
patients	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
the	O
same	O
autoAb	O
production	O
as	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Bacterial	B-DISO
tracheitis	I-DISO
:	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
cause	O
of	O
upper	B-DISO
airway	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
to	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
children	O
].	O

Four	O
children	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
laryngotracheitis	I-DISO
,	O
one	O
had	O
Down	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
another	O
had	O
interauricular	B-DISO
communication	I-DISO
.	O

Bacterial	O
pathogens	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
tracheal	O
secretion	B-PROC
culture	O
in	O
seven	O
children	O
(	O
58	O
%)	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
was	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
(	O
42	O
%).	O

Three	O
children	O
(	O
25	O
%)	O
developed	O
lobar	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
one	O
developed	O
congestive	O
cardiac	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
bacterial	B-DISO
tracheitis	I-DISO
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
potent	O
vasoactive	O
role	O
of	O
PGD	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
),	O
it	O
appears	O
that	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
HG	O
is	O
a	O
site	O
of	O
active	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
partially	O
mediated	O
by	O
PGD	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
synthesized	O
by	O
H	O
-	O
PGDS	O
in	O
the	O
gland	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
3	O
(	O
ORF3	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
genome	O
encodes	O
a	O
predicted	O
154	O
-	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
lacks	O
similarities	O
to	O
any	O
known	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
is	O
named	O
3b	O
.	O

Immediately	O
after	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
DNM	O
,	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antibiotics	O
were	O
administered	O
empirically	O
,	O
and	O
surgical	O
treatments	O
consisting	O
of	O
cervical	B-ANAT
drainage	B-ANAT
,	O
thoracotomy	O
with	O
radical	B-CHED
surgical	O
debridement	O
of	O
the	O
mediastinum	B-ANAT
and	O
excision	O
of	O
necrotic	B-PROC
tissue	B-ANAT
,	O
decortication	O
,	O
and	O
irrigation	B-PROC
were	O
performed	O
in	O
all	O
cases	O
.	O

Herbal	O
preparations	O
had	O
been	O
used	O
historically	O
in	O
China	O
to	O
treat	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
diseases	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
encodes	O
a	O
small	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
that	O
is	O
homologous	O
with	O
MHV	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
thus	O
inducing	O
T	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	I-PROC
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

To	O
test	O
this	O
hypothesis	O
,	O
a	O
cDNA	O
encoding	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
created	O
using	O
whole	O
gene	O
synthesis	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fatal	O
herpes	B-DISO
simplex	I-DISO
virus	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
in	O
Darier	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
under	O
corticotherapy	O
.	O

A	O
skin	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
was	O
performed	O
and	O
immunohistochemical	O
examination	O
identified	O
a	O
type	O
-	O
2	O
HSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

At	O
autopsy	O
,	O
a	O
severe	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
type	O
-	O
2	O
HSV	B-SPEC
pneumonitis	B-DISO
with	O
extensive	O
necrotic	B-PROC
areas	O
was	O
found	O
,	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
gastro	B-ANAT
-	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

The	O
different	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
HSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
this	O
patient	O
are	O
reviewed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
significant	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
present	O
two	O
cases	O
of	O
treating	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
utilizing	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
C	I-PRGE
(	O
rhAPC	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
hairy	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
(	O
HCL	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
T	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
cell	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
lymphoblastic	B-ANAT
leukemia	I-DISO
(	O
ALL	O
).	O

Among	O
10	O
,	O
075	O
(	O
87	O
.	O
9	O
percent	O
)	O
discharged	O
from	O
the	O
ED	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
28	O
re	O
-	O
attendees	O
diagnosed	O
to	O
have	O
SARS	B-DISO
later	O
,	O
giving	O
an	O
undertriage	O
rate	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
percent	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
.	O

The	O
rest	B-FUNC
could	O
be	O
infected	O
with	O
FECV	B-SPEC
and	O
FIPV	O
but	O
10	O
/	O
22	O
cats	B-SPEC
had	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
that	O
only	O
sustained	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
9	O
/	O
22	O
sustained	O
neither	O
FIPV	O
nor	O
FECV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
vasodilator	B-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
congenital	B-DISO
diaphragmatic	I-DISO
hernia	I-DISO
:	O
acute	O
,	O
late	O
,	O
and	O
chronic	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
hypertension	I-DISO
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
on	O
various	O
coronaviruses	O
indicate	O
that	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
amongst	O
various	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
critical	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
and	O
morphogenesis	B-PROC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
does	O
take	O
place	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reversible	O
myocardial	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
after	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
work	O
has	O
been	O
to	O
study	O
and	O
describe	O
the	O
possible	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
myocardial	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
resuscitated	O
after	O
cardio	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
,	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
acute	O
or	O
previous	O
coronary	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
revealed	O
diffuse	O
bilateral	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
unsuccessful	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
with	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
fluid	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
condition	B-DISO
improved	O
rapidly	O
with	O
human	B-PRGE
albumin	I-PRGE
boluses	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
required	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
but	O
with	O
subsequent	O
recovery	O
.	O

Rapid	O
infusion	O
of	O
albumin	B-PRGE
might	O
be	O
a	O
rescue	O
option	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
TRALI	B-DISO
with	O
extensive	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
capillary	I-ANAT
leak	O
during	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
.	O

Here	O
ACE2	O
is	O
poised	O
to	O
metabolise	O
circulating	O
peptides	B-CHED
which	O
may	O
include	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
potent	O
vasoconstrictor	O
and	O
the	O
product	O
of	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
by	O
ACE	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
skin	B-ANAT
lesions	O
were	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
pyogranulomatous	O
-	O
necrotising	O
dermal	O
phlebitis	B-DISO
and	O
periphlebitis	B-DISO
.	O

An	O
atypical	O
RNA	O
pseudoknot	O
with	O
an	O
extra	O
stem	B-ANAT
formed	O
by	O
complementary	O
sequences	O
within	O
loop	O
2	O
of	O
an	O
H	O
-	O
type	O
pseudoknot	O
is	O
characterized	O
in	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
)	O
genome	O
.	O

Four	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
were	O
biochemically	O
hypothyroid	B-DISO
,	O
being	O
comprised	O
of	O
three	O
with	O
central	B-DISO
hypothyroidism	I-DISO
and	O
one	O
with	O
primary	B-DISO
hypothyroidism	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Choice	O
of	O
optimal	O
respiratory	O
support	O
in	O
acute	O
parenchymatous	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
].	O

In	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
lesion	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
ALLS	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
)	O
reflects	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
membrane	B-COMP
damage	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
established	O
that	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
membrane	B-COMP
is	O
not	O
impaired	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
and	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
is	O
typical	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
course	O
of	O
ARDS	O
and	O
suggests	O
both	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
membrane	B-COMP
damage	O
and	O
energy	O
deficiency	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Methods	O
for	O
estimating	O
the	O
case	O
fatality	O
ratio	O
for	O
a	O
novel	O
,	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quality	O
assurance	O
for	O
the	O
diagnostics	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
preparedness	O
in	O
Europe	O
.	O

ENIVD	O
fulfils	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
important	O
tasks	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
surveillance	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
imported	O
,	O
rare	O
and	O
emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
the	O
exchange	O
of	O
expertise	O
and	O
the	O
organisation	B-PROC
of	O
external	O
quality	O
assurance	O
(	O
EQA	O
)	O
programmes	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
improve	O
diagnostics	O
.	O

The	O
word	O
""""	O
atypical	O
""""	O
is	O
reserved	O
for	O
unusual	O
presentations	O
of	O
KD	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
with	O
hemophagocytic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
or	O
nerve	B-DISO
palsy	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
ProSeal	O
laryngeal	B-ANAT
mask	O
airway	B-ANAT
was	O
used	O
for	O
anaesthesia	B-DISO
for	O
laparoscopic	O
surgery	O
in	O
a	O
26	O
y	O
old	O
male	O
patient	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
appendicitis	I-DISO
.	O

Long	O
-	O
term	O
corticotherapy	O
,	O
chronic	O
immune	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
fever	B-PROC
of	O
38	O
degrees	O
C	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
,	O
pulse	B-PROC
rate	I-PROC
,	O
FIM	B-DISO
,	O
SIRS	B-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
CRP	O
of	O
3	O
mg	O
/	O
mL	O
or	O
higher	O
,	O
and	O
PCT	B-DISO
of	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
or	O
higher	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
at	O
admission	O
.	O

In	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
only	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
CRP	O
of	O
3	O
mg	O
/	O
mL	O
or	O
higher	O
were	O
still	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
;	O
PCT	B-DISO
levels	O
do	O
not	O
show	O
any	O
significant	O
association	O
in	O
the	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serine	B-CHED
-	O
scanning	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
studies	O
of	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
heptad	O
repeats	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
highlight	O
the	O
important	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
short	O
helical	O
region	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
applied	O
serine	B-CHED
-	O
scanning	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
-	O
most	O
heptad	O
-	O
repeat	O
region	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
functional	O
role	O
of	O
this	O
region	O
in	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
an	O
emergent	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
for	O
which	O
there	O
is	O
currently	O
no	O
effective	O
treatment	O
.	O

Synthetic	O
peptides	B-CHED
M1	O
-	O
31	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
epitope	B-CHED
and	O
M132	O
-	O
161	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
epitope	B-CHED
were	O
highly	O
reactive	O
with	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
convalescent	O
-	O
phase	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
40	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
30	O
control	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
healthy	O
blood	O
donors	O
,	O
suggesting	O
their	O
potential	O
application	O
for	O
serologic	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Performance	O
of	O
single	O
-	O
step	O
gel	O
-	O
based	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assays	O
equivalent	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
framework	O
is	O
an	O
adaptation	B-PROC
of	O
narrative	O
analysis	O
,	O
a	O
qualitative	O
method	O
that	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
investigate	O
a	O
phenomenon	O
through	O
interpretation	O
of	O
the	O
stories	O
people	O
tell	O
about	O
their	O
experiences	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
confirm	O
an	O
infection	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
causing	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
diagnostic	O
assays	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
are	O
necessary	O
.	O

Participating	O
laboratories	O
(	O
9	O
/	O
20	O
)	O
correctly	O
detected	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
without	O
false	O
positive	O
results	O
in	O
an	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
results	O
clearly	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
serological	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
remains	O
at	O
an	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
further	O
technical	O
improvements	O
required	O
,	O
particularly	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
specific	O
EIAs	O
.	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
after	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
more	O
prevalent	O
than	O
previously	O
indicated	O
,	O
but	O
improve	O
over	O
the	O
first	O
12	O
months	O
of	O
recovery	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
and	O
purification	O
of	O
N	O
and	O
E	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	O
:	O
a	O
comparative	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Histidine	B-CHED
-	O
tagged	O
N	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
rNH	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
(	O
rEH	B-PRGE
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
coronovirus	O
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
insect	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
system	O
and	O
purified	O
by	O
immobilized	O
metal	B-CHED
affinity	O
chromatography	O
.	O

Virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
is	O
not	O
necessary	O
for	O
IFN	B-PRGE
induction	O
since	O
efficient	O
IFN	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
could	O
be	O
obtained	O
also	O
by	O
the	O
cocultivation	O
of	O
normal	O
PBMC	O
with	O
fixed	B-ANAT
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

A	O
combination	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
strongly	O
inhibited	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
while	O
the	O
single	O
cytokines	O
were	O
much	O
less	O
effective	O
.	O

Neutrophil	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
activities	O
in	O
the	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
,	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
were	O
all	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
the	O
sivelestat	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
induces	O
leukocyte	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
microcirculation	B-PROC
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
decreased	O
tissue	B-PRGE
hemoglobin	B-CHED
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
and	O
interstitial	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
selective	O
neutrophil	B-CHED
elastase	I-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
sivelestat	O
reduces	O
neutrophil	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
activity	O
and	O
attenuates	O
acute	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
microcirculation	B-PROC
.	O

Nine	O
thousand	O
one	O
hundred	O
twenty	O
-	O
six	O
with	O
blunt	O
injury	O
were	O
ICU	O
admissions	O
,	O
and	O
5	O
,	O
260	O
(	O
58	O
%)	O
met	B-CHED
study	O
criteria	O
(	O
72	O
%	O
male	O
).	O

Incidences	O
of	O
VAP	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
5	O
%,	O
1	O
%,	O
and	O
1	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
recently	O
emerged	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
designated	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
molecular	O
assays	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
has	O
focused	O
mainly	O
on	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
PCR	B-PRGE
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
analysis	O
of	O
specimens	O
.	O

This	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
capture	O
system	O
was	O
effective	O
in	O
improving	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
enriching	O
and	O
purifying	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
.	O

It	O
is	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
modulation	O
of	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
is	O
relevant	O
to	O
diseases	O
that	O
are	O
caused	O
by	O
various	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
preliminary	O
data	O
provide	O
important	O
information	O
on	O
both	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
potential	O
antiviral	B-CHED
targets	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Elicitation	O
of	O
immunity	B-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
after	O
immunization	O
with	O
the	O
S2	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
S2	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
fusion	O
between	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
target	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
,	O
and	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
immungenic	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
N	O
and	O
S3	O
are	O
potentially	O
useful	O
antigens	B-CHED
for	O
a	O
serological	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
consideration	O
of	O
possible	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
among	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
immunoassays	O
using	O
recombinant	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
combination	O
with	O
S3	O
as	O
antigens	B-CHED
might	O
improve	O
the	O
specificity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
diagnoses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Amotosalen	O
photochemical	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
human	B-SPEC
platelet	B-ANAT
concentrates	O
.	O

Potent	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
therefore	O
extends	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
the	O
INTERCEPT	O
Blood	B-ANAT
System	O
in	O
inactivating	O
a	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
including	O
recently	O
emerging	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
strains	O
with	O
different	O
genetic	B-PROC
markers	I-PROC
cocirculate	O
in	O
France	O
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
psychological	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
were	O
identified	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
chemokines	O
keratinocyte	O
-	O
Derived	O
Cytokine	O
(	O
KC	O
)	O
and	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
MIP	B-DISO
)-	O
2	O
,	O
murine	B-SPEC
equivalents	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
interleukin	B-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
,	O
have	O
been	O
implicated	O
in	O
remote	O
injury	O
after	O
acute	O
hind	B-ANAT
limb	I-ANAT
ischemia	B-DISO
/	O
reperfusion	O
(	O
I	O
/	O
R	O
).	O

B6	O
,	O
129SF2	O
/	O
J	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
either	O
3	O
hours	O
of	O
unilateral	O
hind	B-ANAT
limb	I-ANAT
ischemia	B-DISO
alone	O
(	O
IA	O
)	O
or	O
3	O
hours	O
of	O
ischemia	B-DISO
followed	O
by	O
4	O
or	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
reperfusion	O
(	O
I	O
/	O
R	O
).	O

After	O
IA	O
or	O
I	O
/	O
R	O
,	O
experimental	O
and	O
control	O
(	O
nonischemic	O
)	O
contralateral	O
hind	O
limbs	B-ANAT
were	O
harvested	O
for	O
analysis	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
content	O
,	O
messenger	B-CHED
RNA	I-CHED
(	O
mRNA	B-CHED
),	O
tissue	B-ANAT
edema	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
viability	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
presented	O
indicate	O
that	O
murine	B-SPEC
skeletal	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
produces	O
potent	O
proinflammatory	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
and	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
chemokines	O
during	O
reperfusion	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
during	O
ischemia	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
measurement	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
and	O
/	O
or	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
chemokines	O
during	O
reperfusion	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
adjunct	O
to	O
predicting	O
tissue	B-ANAT
injury	O
along	O
with	O
ongoing	O
inflammation	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
clinical	O
course	O
of	O
reperfusion	O
injury	O
.	O

New	O
techniques	O
to	O
noninvasively	O
image	O
thrombin	B-PRGE
activation	O
(	O
by	O
using	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
)	O
in	O
reperfused	O
limbs	B-ANAT
may	O
coincide	O
with	O
the	O
pattern	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
skeletal	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
chemokine	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
IA	O
did	O
not	O
increase	O
KC	O
or	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
or	O
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
.	O

KC	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
increased	O
10	O
-	O
fold	O
after	O
4	O
hours	O
of	O
reperfusion	O
and	O
30	O
-	O
fold	O
after	O
24	O
hours	O
(	O
vs	O
IA	O
or	O
sham	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
protein	B-CHED
enhances	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
attenuated	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
several	O
members	O
within	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
Nidovirales	I-SPEC
localizes	O
to	O
the	O
nucleolus	B-COMP
during	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
after	O
transfection	B-PROC
of	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
N	O
genes	O
.	O

Amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
369	O
to	O
389	O
,	O
which	O
contain	O
putative	O
nuclear	O
localization	B-PROC
signal	O
(	O
NLS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
localization	B-PROC
signal	O
motifs	O
,	O
failed	O
to	O
restore	O
nuclear	O
localization	B-PROC
to	O
an	O
NLS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
minus	I-PRGE
mutant	B-DISO
Rev	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
official	O
files	O
of	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
February	O
21	O
to	O
June	O
19	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
586	O
cases	O
in	O
southern	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Croup	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	O
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
occur	O
frequently	O
in	O
young	O
children	O
with	O
LRTI	B-DISO
and	O
show	O
a	O
strong	O
association	O
with	O
croup	B-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
causal	O
relationship	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
potential	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
non	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
structural	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
3b	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
ORF4	O
)	O
is	O
predicted	O
encoding	O
154	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
,	O
lacking	O
significant	O
similarities	O
to	O
any	O
known	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
3b	O
gene	O
was	O
linked	O
with	O
the	O
EGFP	O
tag	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminus	O
.	O

A	O
specially	O
designed	O
biosafety	O
level	O
3	O
(	O
BSL	O
-	O
3	O
)	O
autopsy	O
laboratory	O
was	O
constructed	O
and	O
divided	O
into	O
a	O
clean	O
area	O
,	O
a	O
semicontaminated	O
area	O
,	O
a	O
contaminated	O
area	O
,	O
and	O
2	O
buffer	B-CHED
zones	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
When	O
a	O
given	O
concentration	O
of	O
particulate	O
sarin	O
simulant	O
was	O
introduced	O
into	O
the	O
contaminated	O
area	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
either	O
the	O
semicontaminated	O
area	O
or	O
clean	O
area	O
,	O
and	O
particles	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
microm	O
in	O
size	O
were	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
exhaust	O
air	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
viral	O
agents	O
causing	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
San	O
Francisco	O
University	O
Medical	O
Center	O
Clinic	O
during	O
the	O
influenza	O
season	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Study	O
on	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

This	O
suggested	O
cynomolgus	O
and	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaques	I-SPEC
were	O
not	O
the	O
ideal	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
fact	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
could	O
serve	O
as	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
when	O
a	O
more	O
ideal	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
is	O
absent	O
.	O

Acinar	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
injury	O
early	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
leads	O
to	O
a	O
local	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
;	O
if	O
marked	O
this	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
).	O

MODS	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
primary	O
cause	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
by	O
us	O
and	O
other	O
investigators	O
have	O
established	O
the	O
critical	O
role	O
played	O
by	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
such	O
as	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
CINC	B-PRGE
/	O
GRO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
PAF	B-DISO
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
CD40L	B-PRGE
,	O
C5a	B-PRGE
,	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
MIP1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
RANTES	B-PRGE
,	O
substance	O
P	O
,	O
and	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
sulfide	I-CHED
in	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
resultant	O
MODS	B-DISO
.	O

Higher	O
IgG	B-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
required	O
supplemental	O
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
Mann	O
-	O
Whitney	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
),	O
ICU	O
-	O
admission	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
had	O
negative	O
pre	O
-	O
discharge	B-ANAT
fecal	B-ANAT
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
results	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
),	O
and	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
at	O
presentation	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
028	O
).	O

Peak	O
IgG	B-PRGE
titres	O
also	O
correlated	O
positively	O
with	O
peak	O
LDH	B-PRGE
levels	O
(	O
Spearman	O
'	O
s	O
r	O
=+	O
0	O
.	O
360	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
among	O
survivors	O
.	O

Majority	O
of	O
them	O
have	O
good	O
attitude	O
towards	O
SARS	B-DISO
based	O
on	O
the	O
formulated	O
scoring	O
system	O
.	O

These	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
are	O
observed	O
when	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
treated	O
with	O
the	O
drug	O
either	O
before	O
or	O
after	O
exposure	O
to	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
suggesting	O
both	O
prophylactic	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
advantage	O
.	O

Chloroquine	O
is	O
effective	O
in	O
preventing	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

Although	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
grows	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
tissues	B-ANAT
that	O
express	O
its	O
receptor	O
,	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
caused	O
by	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
not	O
well	O
understood	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
proteases	O
produced	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
by	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
high	O
multiplication	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
which	O
results	O
in	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
surveillance	O
system	O
will	O
be	O
of	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
detection	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
early	O
detection	O
of	O
similar	O
illnesses	O
accompanied	O
by	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
symptoms	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Using	O
siRNA	O
in	O
prophylactic	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
regimens	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Rhesus	B-SPEC
macaque	I-SPEC
.	O

Potent	O
siRNA	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SCV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
vitro	O
were	O
further	O
evaluated	O
for	O
efficacy	O
and	O
safety	O
in	O
a	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaque	I-SPEC
(	O
Macaca	B-SPEC
mulatta	I-SPEC
)	O
SARS	B-DISO
model	O
using	O
clinically	O
viable	O
delivery	O
while	O
comparing	O
three	O
dosing	O
regimens	O
.	O

Observations	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
symptoms	O
,	O
measurements	O
of	O
SCV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
presence	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
histopathology	O
and	O
immunohistochemistry	O
consistently	O
showed	O
siRNA	O
-	O
mediated	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
efficacy	O
by	O
either	O
prophylactic	O
or	O
therapeutic	O
regimens	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
experiments	O
detected	O
seven	O
human	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
without	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
any	O
specific	O
reagent	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
detect	O
early	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
,	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
was	O
developed	O
that	O
could	O
simultaneously	O
detect	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
),	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
),	O
and	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
genes	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
with	O
the	O
same	O
PCR	O
condition	B-DISO
using	O
either	O
Applied	O
Biosystems	O
(	O
ABI	O
)	O
Prism	O
7700	O
Sequence	O
Detection	O
System	O
or	O
Roche	O
LightCycler	O
.	O

It	O
showed	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
N	O
has	O
comparable	O
detection	O
efficiencies	O
to	O
SARS2	B-PRGE
and	O
SARS3	O
which	O
are	O
primers	O
sets	O
designed	O
by	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
.	O

They	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
high	O
security	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
unit	O
as	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
pointed	O
to	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
unknown	O
etiology	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
and	O
isolation	O
methods	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
HuH7	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
support	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
prototype	O
and	O
wild	O
strains	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

During	O
the	O
three	O
winters	O
of	O
1999	O
-	O
2000	O
,	O
2000	O
-	O
2001	O
,	O
and	O
2001	O
-	O
2002	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
1	O
,	O
226	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
direct	O
fluorescent	O
assay	O
-	O
positive	O
nasal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
from	O
children	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
,	O
788	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
228	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
133	O
for	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
77	O
for	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
shortest	O
of	O
these	O
fragments	O
still	O
able	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
the	O
receptor	O
ACE2	O
did	O
not	O
include	O
residue	O
318	O
(	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
potential	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
site	O
),	O
but	O
started	O
at	O
residue	O
319	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
only	O
two	O
potential	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
(	O
residues	O
330	O
and	O
357	O
).	O

The	O
finding	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
mutations	O
(	O
23	O
out	O
of	O
34	O
including	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
)	O
do	O
not	O
affect	O
the	O
RBD	O
binding	B-FUNC
function	O
indicates	O
possible	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
evasion	O
of	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

Chronic	O
aspiration	B-DISO
and	O
gastro	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
esophageal	I-DISO
reflux	I-DISO
were	O
recognized	O
in	O
12	O
patients	O
.	O

Patients	O
had	O
the	O
rapid	O
onset	O
of	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
refractory	O
to	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

She	O
delivered	O
at	O
40	O
weeks	O
of	O
gestation	B-PROC
a	O
healthy	O
baby	O
girl	O
.	O

cDNA	O
microarrays	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
screen	O
the	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
profiles	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PBMCs	O
)	O
in	O
two	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
acute	O
severe	O
phase	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
in	O
the	O
convalescent	O
phase	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
healthy	O
donor	B-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
inflammatory	I-CHED
agents	I-CHED
such	O
as	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
13	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1Ra	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
proteins	B-CHED
3	O
and	O
6	O
also	O
increased	O
dramatically	O
in	O
the	O
acute	O
severe	O
case	O
.	O

The	O
others	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
herpesvirus	B-SPEC
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
varicella	B-SPEC
zoster	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
cytomegalo	O
virus	B-SPEC
),	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
or	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
of	O
wide	O
-	O
spectrum	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
targeting	B-PROC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
proteases	O
.	O

While	O
companies	O
are	O
adopting	O
advanced	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
methods	O
,	O
the	O
major	O
technologies	O
used	O
by	O
veterinary	O
and	O
medical	O
research	O
laboratories	O
are	O
classical	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
fusion	O
and	O
recombinant	O
library	O
selection	O
techniques	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
both	O
epithelial	O
and	O
fibroblastic	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
were	O
able	O
to	O
secrete	B-PROC
large	O
quantities	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
targeting	B-PROC
chemokines	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
ones	O
detected	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Efficient	O
and	O
quick	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
microbes	O
exposed	O
to	O
the	O
surfaces	O
of	O
some	O
metal	O
catalysts	O
.	O

Two	O
metal	B-CHED
catalysts	O
Ag	O
/	O
Al2O3	B-CHED
and	O
Cu	O
/	O
Al2O3	B-CHED
were	O
pressed	O
into	O
wafers	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
microL	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
TCID50	O
/	O
mL	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
100	O
microL	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
PFU	B-CHED
/	O
mL	O
recombinant	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
expressing	O
hamster	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
prion	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
haPrP	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
roughly	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
were	O
slowly	O
dropped	O
onto	O
the	O
surfaces	O
of	O
the	O
catalyst	B-CHED
wafers	O
and	O
exposed	O
for	O
5	O
and	O
20	O
min	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
PrP	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
determined	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
.	O

Several	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mAbs	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
effectively	O
to	O
neutralize	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

Systematic	O
epitope	B-CHED
mapping	O
showed	O
that	O
all	O
these	O
neutralizing	O
mAbs	O
recognized	O
a	O
15	O
-	O
residues	O
peptide	B-CHED
(	O
CB	O
-	O
119	O
)	O
corresponding	O
to	O
residues	O
1143	O
-	O
1157	O
(	O
SPDVDLGDISGINAS	O
)	O
that	O
was	O
located	O
to	O
the	O
second	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
(	O
HR2	O
)	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
study	O
presented	O
here	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
a	O
double	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
sandwich	O
ELISA	O
to	O
detect	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
human	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
double	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
sandwich	O
ELISA	O
is	O
an	O
effective	O
screening	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
serodiagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	O
.	O

The	O
scoring	O
system	O
of	O
attributing	O
11	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
3	O
and	O
3	O
points	O
to	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
namely	O
:	O
epidemiological	O
link	O
,	O
radiographical	O
deterioration	O
,	O
myalgia	B-DISO
,	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
and	O
elevated	O
ALT	B-FUNC
respectively	O
,	O
generated	O
high	O
and	O
low	O
-	O
risk	O
(	O
total	O
score	O
11	O
-	O
30	O
and	O
0	O
-	O
10	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
groups	O
for	O
SARS	O
.	O

The	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
this	O
prediction	O
rule	O
in	O
positively	O
identifying	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
were	O
97	O
.	O
7	O
and	O
81	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

IAH	B-FUNC
is	O
a	O
frequent	O
finding	O
in	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
because	O
of	O
SAP	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
occurrence	O
rate	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

Mortality	O
is	O
high	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
IAH	B-FUNC
,	O
and	O
because	O
the	O
direct	O
causal	O
relationship	O
between	O
IAH	B-FUNC
and	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
is	O
not	O
proven	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SAP	O
,	O
surgical	O
decompression	O
should	O
not	O
routinely	O
be	O
performed	O
.	O

Four	O
patients	O
underwent	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
decompression	O
because	O
of	O
abdominal	B-DISO
compartment	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
three	O
of	O
whom	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
early	O
postoperative	O
course	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bench	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
bedside	O
review	O
:	O
outcome	O
predictions	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
limited	O
experience	O
with	O
scoring	O
systems	O
in	O
the	O
ED	O
,	O
while	O
early	O
and	O
aggressive	B-DISO
intervention	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
in	O
the	O
ED	O
is	O
becoming	O
increasingly	O
important	O
.	O

Other	O
ED	O
specific	O
scoring	O
systems	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
various	O
applications	O
:	O
recognition	O
of	O
patients	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
infection	O
;	O
prediction	O
of	O
mortality	O
after	O
critical	O
care	O
transport	B-PROC
;	O
prediction	O
of	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
after	O
admission	O
;	O
assessment	O
of	O
prehospital	O
therapeutic	O
efficacy	O
;	O
screening	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
and	O
prediction	O
of	O
pediatric	O
hospital	O
admission	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
explores	O
the	O
Toronto	O
critical	O
care	O
experience	O
of	O
coping	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
disaster	O
.	O

The	O
PCR	O
products	O
were	O
detected	O
on	O
agarose	B-CHED
gel	O
stained	O
with	O
ethidium	B-CHED
bromide	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
genus	B-SPEC
Torovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
within	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
,	O
is	O
less	O
well	O
characterized	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
because	O
toroviruses	B-SPEC
cannot	O
yet	O
be	O
grown	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
(	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
Berne	O
virus	B-SPEC
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
determined	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
of	O
Breda	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
(	O
BoTV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
),	O
a	O
bovine	B-SPEC
torovirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Often	O
one	O
new	O
infection	B-DISO
meant	O
tracing	O
of	O
several	O
people	O
to	O
monitor	O
their	O
health	O
conditions	O
as	O
well	O
.	O

The	O
current	O
breed	B-PROC
of	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
information	O
systems	O
(	O
HCIS	O
)	O
was	O
not	O
sufficient	O
to	O
handle	O
new	O
information	O
-	O
sharing	O
needs	O
during	O
the	O
crisis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
NAbs	O
)	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
confer	O
protection	O
to	O
animals	B-SPEC
experimentally	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
and	O
others	O
previously	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
a	O
major	O
mechanism	O
for	O
neutralizing	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
through	O
blocking	B-DISO
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Massive	O
numbers	O
of	O
palm	B-ANAT
civets	B-SPEC
were	O
culled	O
to	O
remove	O
sources	O
for	O
the	O
reemergence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
in	O
January	O
2004	O
,	O
following	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
detection	O
in	O
market	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
in	O
all	O
91	O
palm	B-ANAT
civets	B-SPEC
and	O
15	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dogs	I-SPEC
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
market	O
origin	O
sampled	O
prior	O
to	O
culling	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
1	O
,	O
107	O
palm	B-ANAT
civets	B-SPEC
later	O
sampled	O
at	O
25	O
farms	O
,	O
spread	O
over	O
12	O
provinces	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
claimed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
traded	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Survival	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
on	O
different	O
environmental	O
surfaces	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
laboratory	O
request	O
form	O
,	O
an	O
impervious	O
disposable	O
gown	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
cotton	B-SPEC
nondisposable	O
gown	O
,	O
was	O
investigated	O
.	O

All	O
disinfectants	B-CHED
tested	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
load	O
by	O
>	O
3	O
log	O
within	O
5	O
min	O
.	O

Absorbent	O
material	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
cotton	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
preferred	O
to	O
nonabsorptive	O
material	O
for	O
personal	O
protective	O
clothing	O
for	O
routine	O
patient	O
care	O
where	O
risk	O
of	O
large	O
spillage	B-DISO
is	O
unlikely	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
GVU6109	O
can	O
survive	O
for	O
4	O
days	O
in	O
diarrheal	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
with	O
an	O
alkaline	O
pH	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
can	O
remain	O
infectious	B-DISO
in	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
for	O
>	O
7	O
days	O
at	O
room	O
temperature	O
.	O

The	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
causes	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

Important	O
questions	O
pertaining	O
to	O
the	O
contribution	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
to	O
ARI	B-PRGE
and	O
its	O
impact	O
on	O
public	O
health	O
remain	O
.	O

Obstructive	O
apnea	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
myocardial	B-DISO
ischemia	I-DISO
(	O
silent	O
or	O
symptomatic	O
),	O
acute	O
coronary	B-ANAT
events	O
,	O
stroke	B-DISO
and	O
transient	B-DISO
ischemic	I-DISO
attacks	I-DISO
,	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrhythmia	I-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
and	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Most	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
congestion	I-DISO
chronically	O
hyperventilate	O
because	O
of	O
stimulation	O
of	O
vagal	O
irritant	O
receptors	O
and	O
central	O
and	O
peripheral	O
chemosensitivity	O
.	O

The	O
indications	O
were	O
bone	B-DISO
marrow	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
five	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
myelodysplastic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MDS	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
leukemia	B-DISO
in	O
five	O
cases	O
.	O

Engraftment	B-PROC
was	O
complete	O
in	O
eight	O
patients	O
and	O
unassessable	O
in	O
two	O
patients	O
.	O

Up	O
to	O
now	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
no	O
specific	O
drugs	O
to	O
protect	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
thus	O
developing	O
effective	O
strategies	O
against	O
this	O
newly	O
emerged	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
warrants	O
urgent	O
efforts	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
whether	O
a	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
raised	O
in	O
an	O
artiodactylous	O
host	B-COMP
can	O
have	O
a	O
protective	O
role	O
on	O
primate	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
,	O
we	O
prepared	O
serum	B-PRGE
IgGs	I-PRGE
and	O
their	O
pepsin	B-PRGE
-	O
digested	B-PROC
F	O
(	O
ab	O
')	O
2	O
fragments	O
from	O
horses	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
with	O
purified	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
BJ	O
-	O
01	O
strain	O
).	O

Additionally	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
that	O
F	O
(	O
ab	O
')	O
2	O
,	O
against	O
BJ	O
-	O
01	O
strain	O
could	O
also	O
protect	O
cells	B-COMP
from	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
variant	O
GZ	O
-	O
01	O
strain	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Vero	O
cells	O
transfected	O
with	O
either	O
neo	O
-	O
or	O
bcl	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
plasmid	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
at	O
a	O
high	O
multiplicity	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
detection	O
limit	O
was	O
10	O
(	O
0	O
)	O
copies	O
/	O
microL	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
asymmetric	O
multiplex	O
nested	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
were	O
in	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
microarray	O
hybridization	B-PROC
;	O
no	O
hybridization	B-PROC
signal	O
was	O
lost	B-CHED
as	O
happened	O
with	O
applicons	O
from	O
symmetric	O
amplifications	O
.	O

Possible	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
this	O
cubic	O
membrane	B-COMP
change	O
are	O
discussed	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
viral	O
severity	O
,	O
persistence	O
and	O
free	B-CHED
radical	I-CHED
production	O
.	O

Retrospective	O
analysis	O
was	O
conducted	O
on	O
all	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
patients	O
identified	O
from	O
the	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
Hospital	O
Authority	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Database	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Compared	O
to	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
as	O
initial	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
reduced	O
intubation	O
need	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
gene	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
non	O
-	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
10	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
of	O
pp1a	B-PRGE
/	O
pp1ab	O
gene	O
,	O
was	O
synthesized	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
screen	O
for	O
the	O
specific	O
cellular	B-COMP
gene	O
coding	O
for	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
interacting	O
with	O
this	O
nsp10	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
a	O
human	B-ANAT
embryo	I-ANAT
lung	B-ANAT
cDNA	O
library	O
using	O
a	O
yeast	B-SPEC
trap	O
method	O
.	O

In	O
2004	O
,	O
a	O
second	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
discovered	O
(	O
CoV	O
-	O
NL63	O
)	O
and	O
in	O
2005	O
a	O
third	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
described	O
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
).	O

Respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
a	O
considerable	O
problem	O
for	O
humans	B-SPEC
for	O
centuries	O
.	O

All	O
babies	O
who	O
received	O
ECMO	O
within	O
14	O
days	O
of	O
birth	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
145	O
neonates	O
received	O
ECMO	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Propylene	B-CHED
glycol	I-CHED
-	O
induced	O
lactic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
normal	O
renal	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
:	O
a	O
proposed	O
mechanism	O
and	O
monitoring	O
recommendations	O
.	O

To	O
maintain	O
adequate	O
sedation	B-DISO
and	O
ventilation	O
and	O
reduce	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
,	O
several	O
relaxation	O
strategies	O
were	O
used	O
including	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
intravenous	O
lorazepam	B-CHED
,	O
fentanyl	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
cisatracurium	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
,	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
severe	O
narcotics	O
intoxication	O
(	O
MDMA	B-CHED
,	O
THC	B-DISO
,	O
amphetamine	B-CHED
)].	O

No	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
abnormalities	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
59	O
patients	O
(	O
63	O
%).	O

The	O
main	O
determinants	O
of	O
morbidity	O
in	O
recovered	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
further	O
defined	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
:	O
potential	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
chemokine	O
mig	O
in	O
pathogenesis	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
isolated	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strain	O
from	O
a	O
brain	O
tissue	B-ANAT
specimen	I-ANAT
obtained	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
significant	O
central	O
nervous	B-DISO
symptoms	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
direct	O
evidence	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
is	O
capable	O
of	O
infecting	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
that	O
Mig	B-PRGE
might	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
immunopathology	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
15	O
foals	O
.	O

Nine	O
patients	O
survived	O
,	O
4	O
died	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
2	O
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
euthanasia	O
in	O
a	O
moribund	O
state	O
.	O

The	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
array	O
is	O
an	O
early	O
and	O
sensitive	O
multiplex	O
measure	O
of	O
active	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
exposure	O
to	O
a	O
pathogen	O
,	O
or	O
effective	O
,	O
recent	O
vaccination	O
.	O

The	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
at	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
angstrom	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
RBD	O
bound	O
with	O
the	O
peptidase	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
shows	O
that	O
the	O
RBD	O
presents	O
a	O
gently	O
concave	O
surface	O
,	O
which	O
cradles	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
lobe	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
peptidase	O
.	O

This	O
descriptive	O
study	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
conducted	O
from	O
May	O
to	O
June	O
2003	O
,	O
intended	O
to	O
identify	O
staff	O
stress	O
and	O
coping	O
strategies	O
among	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
team	O
of	O
nursing	B-PROC
staff	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
six	O
female	O
nurses	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
team	O
completed	O
a	O
questionnaire	O
about	O
their	O
experiences	O
serving	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
team	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
had	O
both	O
positive	O
and	O
negative	O
psychological	B-DISO
impacts	O
on	O
the	O
nurses	O
.	O

Additional	O
findings	O
include	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
more	O
psychiatric	O
staff	O
to	O
provide	O
flexible	O
and	O
continuous	O
service	O
,	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
meetings	O
to	O
improve	O
teamwork	O
and	O
reduce	O
conflict	O
between	O
doctors	O
and	O
nurses	O
and	O
the	O
useful	O
discovery	O
that	O
video	O
cell	B-COMP
phones	O
provided	O
needed	O
reassurance	O
from	O
afar	O
to	O
the	O
worried	O
families	O
of	O
the	O
nurses	O
.	O

Sequencing	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
three	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genomes	O
from	O
samples	O
collected	O
at	O
different	O
dates	O
showed	O
that	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
from	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
civets	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
between	O
mannose	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
lectin	I-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
polymorphisms	I-PROC
and	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Their	O
value	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
disease	O
-	O
associated	O
mRNA	B-CHED
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
circulating	O
tumour	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
patients	O
with	O
solid	O
malignancies	B-DISO
is	O
far	O
less	O
apparent	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
clinical	O
significance	O
of	O
results	O
obtained	O
from	O
such	O
tests	O
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

The	O
human	B-PRGE
scFv	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
isolated	O
and	O
described	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
represent	O
useful	O
reagents	B-CHED
for	O
rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
in	O
infected	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
scFv	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
can	O
be	O
easily	O
isolated	O
by	O
selecting	O
the	O
ETH	B-CHED
-	O
2	O
phage	O
library	O
on	O
immunotubes	O
coated	O
with	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

Ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
were	O
used	O
extensively	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
HTLV	O
were	O
examined	O
in	O
paired	O
-	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
26	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
findings	O
that	O
antibody	O
to	O
HTLV	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
collected	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
provide	O
important	O
information	O
for	O
safe	O
handling	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
.	O

Without	O
such	O
knowledge	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
can	O
be	O
discarded	O
mistakenly	O
even	O
though	O
they	O
contain	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
may	O
be	O
potentially	O
valuable	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
binding	B-FUNC
behaviors	B-PROC
of	O
modified	O
oligodeoxynucleotides	O
to	O
the	O
complementary	O
sequence	O
were	O
studied	O
by	O
UV	O
,	O
CD	O
,	O
and	O
molecular	B-PROC
dynamics	I-PROC
simulation	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
although	O
the	O
incorporated	O
isonucleotides	O
at	O
certain	O
positions	O
of	O
the	O
sequence	O
interfere	O
with	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
ability	O
to	O
a	O
different	O
extent	O
,	O
B	O
-	O
form	O
duplexes	O
were	O
maintained	O
and	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
abilities	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
end	O
-	O
modified	O
duplexes	O
were	O
better	O
than	O
the	O
corresponding	O
mismatched	O
duplexes	O
.	O

First	O
reported	O
in	O
Asia	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
quickly	O
spread	O
worldwide	O
through	O
international	O
travelling	O
.	O

As	O
of	O
July	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
reported	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
8	O
,	O
437	O
people	O
afflicted	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
9	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

Both	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
detected	O
in	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
binding	B-FUNC
assay	O
confirmed	O
that	O
plant	B-SPEC
-	O
synthesized	O
pentameric	O
LTB	B-PRGE
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
fusion	O
bound	O
to	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
membrane	B-COMP
GM1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ganglioside	B-CHED
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Temperature	O
changes	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
comparative	O
study	O
].	O

Hormone	B-CHED
therapy	O
did	O
not	O
significantly	O
affect	O
the	O
temperature	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
180	O
),	O
who	O
had	O
longer	O
duration	O
of	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
have	O
higher	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
and	O
longer	O
duration	O
of	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
full	O
length	O
cDNA	O
of	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
amplified	O
by	O
PCR	O
and	O
cloned	O
into	O
yeast	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pPIC3	O
.	O
5K	O
to	O
generate	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pPIC3	O
.	O
5K	O
-	O
SCoVN	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
antigen	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
5	O
fragments	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
spike	O
gene	O
were	O
cloned	O
,	O
and	O
ligated	O
to	O
the	O
vector	O
pNMT1	O
.	O

SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
or	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
induced	O
expression	B-PROC
products	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
5	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
fission	B-SPEC
yeast	I-SPEC
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
concert	O
with	O
increased	O
concerns	O
regarding	O
both	O
biologic	O
terrorism	O
and	O
new	O
natural	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
threats	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
[	O
SARS	B-DISO
]	O
and	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
),	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
advances	O
in	O
medical	O
informatics	O
,	O
various	O
data	O
sources	O
are	O
available	O
to	O
epidemiologists	O
for	O
routine	O
,	O
prospective	O
monitoring	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
),	O
a	O
positive	O
sense	B-PROC
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
neonatal	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
in	O
calves	O
from	O
beef	O
and	O
dairy	O
cattle	B-SPEC
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
inclusion	O
of	O
an	O
internal	O
control	O
provides	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
detect	O
assay	O
inhibition	B-PROC
in	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
and	O
failure	O
of	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
extraction	O
that	O
allow	O
reduction	O
of	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
false	O
-	O
negative	O
results	O
.	O

Inhibition	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
cell	I-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
and	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
activation	O
could	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
have	O
prevented	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
from	O
developing	O
thrombocytopenia	O
and	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cellular	B-ANAT
composition	O
and	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
local	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

International	O
studies	O
estimate	O
that	O
approximately	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
purebred	O
cats	B-SPEC
are	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
).	O

Serial	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
recipients	O
of	O
the	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
to	O
undertake	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
for	O
direct	O
measurement	O
of	O
viral	O
concentration	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Polymorphisms	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
Fc	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
IIA	I-PRGE
(	O
FcgammaRIIA	O
)	O
and	O
mannose	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
lectin	I-PRGE
(	O
MBL	B-PRGE
)	O
genes	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
or	O
severity	O
of	O
some	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
produced	O
in	O
vitro	O
using	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
free	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
,	O
primary	O
chicken	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
CKC	O
)	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
tracheal	O
organ	B-ANAT
culture	O
(	O
TOC	B-DISO
).	O

CER	B-CHED
monolayers	O
adapted	O
to	O
SF	O
or	O
APF	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
(	O
M41	O
strain	O
)	O
in	O
agitated	B-DISO
suspended	O
culture	O
and	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
titre	O
obtained	O
48	O
h	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
x	O
104	O
PFU	B-CHED
/	O
ml	O
in	O
both	O
cases	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
four	O
groups	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
drug	B-DISO
withdrawal	I-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
seizure	B-DISO
attack	O
.	O

In	O
each	O
group	O
,	O
seizures	B-DISO
occurring	O
during	O
three	O
different	O
periods	B-PROC
were	O
compared	O
.	O

The	O
major	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
seizures	I-DISO
were	O
symptomatic	O
etiologies	O
,	O
polytherapy	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
seizure	B-DISO
free	O
before	O
AED	B-CHED
withdrawal	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
major	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
seizures	I-DISO
were	O
symptomatic	O
etiologies	O
,	O
polytherapy	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
seizure	B-DISO
free	O
before	O
AED	B-CHED
withdrawal	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
biological	O
significance	O
of	O
the	O
novel	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
in	O
vivo	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
investigated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
are	O
enveloped	O
,	O
positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
promising	O
vectors	O
for	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
as	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
genes	O
can	O
be	O
deleted	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
attenuated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
;	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
their	O
tropism	B-PROC
can	O
be	O
modified	O
by	O
manipulation	O
of	O
their	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
;	O
and	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
heterologous	O
genes	O
can	O
be	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
simply	O
inserting	O
them	O
with	O
appropriate	O
coronaviral	O
transcription	B-PROC
signals	O
into	O
the	O
genome	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
Renilla	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
firefly	B-ENZY
luciferase	I-ENZY
genes	O
were	O
systematically	O
analyzed	O
for	O
their	O
stability	O
after	O
insertion	O
at	O
various	O
genomic	O
positions	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
1	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
2	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
difference	O
was	O
not	O
caused	O
by	O
genome	O
size	O
restrictions	O
,	O
by	O
different	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
encoded	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
by	O
different	O
consequences	O
of	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
additional	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
genomics	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
nuclear	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
protein	O
nsP7	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
structure	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
nsP7	O
,	O
a	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
polyprotein	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
that	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
pandemic	O
in	O
2003	O
spurred	O
a	O
flurry	O
of	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
to	O
prevent	O
and	O
treat	O
the	O
potentially	O
deadly	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

While	O
significant	O
advances	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
the	O
practicality	O
of	O
their	O
use	O
may	O
be	O
hampered	O
by	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
pathological	O
similarity	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
.	O

Within	O
4	O
h	O
after	O
injection	O
her	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
was	O
8	O
.	O
1	O
kPa	O
(	O
60	O
mm	O
Hg	O
)	O
at	O
an	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
fraction	O
(	O
F	O
(	O
IO2	B-CHED
))	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
(	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
ratio	O
:	O
85	O
)	O
despite	O
a	O
positive	O
end	O
expiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
20	O
mbar	O
,	O
therefore	O
meeting	O
criteria	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ortho	O
-	O
phenylphenol	O
(	O
OPP	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
sodium	O
salt	O
are	O
used	O
as	O
fungicides	B-CHED
and	O
antibacterial	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
,	O
ingestion	O
of	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
cause	O
liver	B-ANAT
toxicity	O
,	O
renal	B-DISO
toxicity	I-DISO
and	O
carcinomas	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
urinary	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
of	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

Open	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
showed	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
.	O

She	O
was	O
discharged	O
after	O
34	O
days	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
with	O
continuing	O
domiciliary	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
ON	O
of	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
in	O
130	O
cases	O
(	O
210	O
hips	B-ANAT
),	O
ON	O
of	O
knee	B-ANAT
in	O
98	O
cases	O
(	O
130	O
knees	B-ANAT
),	O
ON	O
of	O
humeral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
in	O
21	O
cases	O
(	O
36	O
shoulders	B-ANAT
),	O
ON	O
of	O
talus	B-ANAT
and	O
calcaneus	B-ANAT
in	O
16	O
cases	O
(	O
26	O
ankles	B-ANAT
),	O
ON	O
of	O
scaphoid	B-ANAT
and	O
lunate	B-ANAT
in	O
11	O
cases	O
(	O
17	O
wrists	B-ANAT
),	O
ON	O
of	O
patella	B-SPEC
in	O
3	O
cases	O
(	O
4	O
patella	B-SPEC
),	O
ON	O
of	O
ilium	B-ANAT
in	O
1	O
case	O
and	O
bone	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
(	O
femur	B-ANAT
,	O
tibia	B-ANAT
)	O
in	O
18	O
cases	O
.	O

All	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
knee	B-ANAT
and	O
humoral	O
head	B-ANAT
was	O
stage	O
I	O
.	O
Thirty	O
-	O
four	O
patients	O
with	O
ON	O
had	O
one	O
joint	B-ANAT
affected	O
,	O
45	O
patients	O
had	O
2	O
joints	B-ANAT
,	O
93	O
patients	O
had	O
more	O
than	O
3	O
joints	B-ANAT
.	O

About	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
who	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
dose	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
occurred	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influence	O
of	O
intron	O
and	O
exon	O
splicing	B-PROC
enhancers	O
on	O
mammalian	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
truncated	O
spike	O
protein	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
implication	O
for	O
subunit	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
enhanced	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
inducible	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
10	O
(	O
CXCL	O
-	O
10	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
chemokines	O
predicts	O
adverse	O
outcome	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
.	O

After	O
adjusting	O
for	O
other	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
plasma	B-ANAT
IP	O
-	O
10	O
concentration	O
at	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
remained	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
prognostic	O
factor	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
odds	O
ratio	O
for	O
adverse	O
outcome	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
52	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
05	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
55	O
)	O
per	O
fold	O
increase	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
IP	O
-	O
10	O
concentration	O
above	O
the	O
median	O
.	O

Increased	O
plasma	B-ANAT
IP	O
-	O
10	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
symptoms	O
is	O
an	O
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
outcome	O
.	O

IP	O
-	O
10	O
was	O
increased	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
from	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
are	O
natural	O
reservoirs	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
2002	O
to	O
2003	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
origin	O
of	O
its	O
etiological	O
agent	O
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
remains	O
elusive	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alcohol	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
increased	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
ethanol	B-CHED
group	O
received	O
2	O
g	O
/	O
kg	O
ethanol	B-CHED
(	O
total	O
:	O
3	O
ml	O
)	O
intraperitoneally	O
.	O

Oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
was	O
assessed	O
by	O
measuring	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
erythrocyte	B-ANAT
reduced	B-CHED
glutathione	I-CHED
(	O
GSH	B-DISO
),	O
tissue	B-ANAT
malondialdehyde	B-CHED
(	O
MDA	B-CHED
),	O
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
(	O
MPO	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
Na	B-PRGE
(+)-	I-PRGE
K	I-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
ATPase	I-PRGE
.	O

Histopathologic	O
examination	O
demonstrated	O
alveolocapillary	O
thickening	O
,	O
alveolar	O
degeneration	B-DISO
,	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
and	O
erythrocyte	B-ANAT
extravasation	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
ethanol	B-CHED
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
description	O
of	O
procedures	O
for	O
sanitation	O
of	O
infected	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
or	O
tumours	B-DISO
is	O
sparse	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
recombinant	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
produced	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
after	O
induction	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
purified	O
successfully	O
by	O
affinity	O
chromatography	O
and	O
displayed	O
higher	O
antigenicity	O
and	O
specificity	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
whole	O
virus	B-SPEC
lysates	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
caused	O
by	O
organ	B-ANAT
involvement	O
and	O
direct	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
of	O
Bacillus	B-SPEC
anthracis	I-SPEC
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
its	O
exotoxin	O
production	O
.	O

The	O
physician	O
'	O
s	O
primary	O
responsibility	O
in	O
such	O
emergencies	B-DISO
is	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
rather	O
than	O
to	O
the	O
individual	O
patient	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
catheter	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
:	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
of	O
randomized	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

In	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
PAC	B-DISO
neither	O
increased	O
overall	O
mortality	O
or	O
days	O
in	O
hospital	O
nor	O
conferred	O
benefit	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
serotypes	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
:	O
seroprevalence	O
and	O
association	O
with	O
disease	O
in	O
Switzerland	O
.	O

FCoV	O
type	O
1	O
viruses	B-SPEC
induced	O
higher	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
than	O
FCoV	O
type	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
more	O
frequently	O
associated	O
with	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

van	O
Kaam	O
'	O
s	O
phenomenological	O
research	O
method	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
becoming	O
theory	O
as	O
the	O
theoretical	O
perspective	O
,	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
gather	O
and	O
analyse	O
data	O
from	O
63	O
participants	O
who	O
agreed	O
to	O
describe	O
a	O
situation	O
that	O
illuminated	O
their	O
experience	O
of	O
persevering	O
through	O
a	O
difficult	O
time	O
(	O
either	O
online	O
or	O
using	O
a	O
voicemail	O
system	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Patent	O
applications	O
that	O
incorporate	O
the	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
have	O
been	O
filed	O
by	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
organizations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
specific	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
antibodies	B-COMP
using	O
a	O
Concanavalin	O
A	O
-	O
Sandwich	O
-	O
ELISA	O
.	O

The	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
and	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
dominant	O
antigens	B-CHED
recognized	O
by	O
serum	B-PRGE
Abs	I-PRGE
.	O

novel	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
its	O
expression	B-PROC
has	O
been	O
confirmed	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
performance	O
of	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
rapid	O
serological	O
assay	O
for	O
acute	O
dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
laboratory	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
343	O
results	O
for	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
439	O
results	O
for	O
serology	O
were	O
analysed	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
final	O
discharge	B-ANAT
diagnosis	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
chosen	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
eight	O
types	O
of	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
that	O
play	O
a	O
unique	O
role	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
owing	O
to	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
curbing	B-DISO
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
secondary	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
dimerization	O
domain	O
consists	O
of	O
five	O
alpha	O
helices	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
beta	O
-	O
hairpin	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
characterized	O
pathologically	O
by	O
damage	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
and	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
with	O
subsequent	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
leak	O
and	O
exudative	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

Prompt	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
with	O
contemporary	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
management	O
of	O
respiratory	O
compromise	O
has	O
reduced	O
the	O
maternal	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
due	O
to	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

Prevention	O
with	O
vaccination	O
in	O
at	O
-	O
risk	O
populations	O
may	O
reduce	O
the	O
prevalence	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
pregnant	O
women	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mechanisms	O
of	O
decreased	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-DISO
proliferation	I-DISO
and	O
increased	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

This	O
idea	B-SPEC
was	O
supported	O
by	O
titration	O
experiments	O
showing	O
that	O
enzyme	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
was	O
strongly	O
concentration	O
-	O
dependent	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
oligomeric	O
Nsp15	O
is	O
the	O
active	O
form	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
epidemic	O
,	O
which	O
began	O
in	O
the	O
Fall	O
of	O
2002	O
,	O
was	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
exotic	O
food	O
industry	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
,	O
initially	O
involving	O
disproportionate	O
numbers	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
handlers	O
,	O
chefs	O
,	O
and	O
caterers	O
.	O

The	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
neucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
are	O
most	O
abundant	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Cov	I-PRGE
and	O
contribute	O
dominantly	O
to	O
the	O
antibody	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Partial	O
liquid	O
ventilation	O
(	O
PLV	O
)	O
with	O
perfluorochemical	O
(	O
PFC	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
advocated	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
therapy	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
both	O
clinical	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
studies	O
,	O
meconium	B-DISO
aspiration	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
RDS	O
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
HFO	O
with	O
aggressive	B-DISO
and	O
adequate	O
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
recruitment	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
very	O
low	O
birth	B-PROC
weight	O
infants	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
PLV	O
along	O
with	O
HFO	O
might	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
an	O
adult	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

After	O
induction	O
of	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
by	O
repeated	O
saline	O
lung	B-ANAT
lavage	O
,	O
19	O
adult	O
white	O
Japanese	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
were	O
randomized	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
that	O
received	O
PLV	O
with	O
HFO	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
)	O
or	O
HFO	O
gas	B-ENZY
ventilation	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
HFO	O
-	O
PLV	O
group	O
showed	O
improved	O
total	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
with	O
maintenance	O
of	O
significantly	O
lower	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
HFO	O
-	O
GAS	B-PRGE
group	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
keep	O
SpO2	O
>	O
90	O
%.	O

The	O
second	O
survey	O
asked	O
practice	O
principals	O
how	O
they	O
organised	O
their	O
practice	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
threat	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
any	O
difficulties	O
they	O
had	O
with	O
implementing	O
this	O
response	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
control	O
guidelines	O
and	O
current	O
policies	O
.	O

Suggestions	O
and	O
comments	O
on	O
how	O
ACT	B-PRGE
GPs	I-PRGE
could	O
be	O
better	O
prepared	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
included	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
timeliness	O
of	O
information	O
,	O
information	O
delivery	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
communication	O
issues	O
,	O
education	O
,	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
guidelines	O
and	O
protocols	O
,	O
planning	O
,	O
role	O
delineation	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
response	O
teams	O
,	O
provision	O
of	O
equipment	O
,	O
and	O
vaccination	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
assessment	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
via	O
in	O
vitro	O
fertilization	B-PROC
and	O
embryo	B-ANAT
transfer	O
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
zona	O
-	O
intact	O
and	O
laser	B-SPEC
-	O
microdissected	O
oocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
zona	B-DISO
-	O
intact	O
and	O
laser	B-SPEC
-	O
microdissected	O
oocytes	B-ANAT
was	O
compared	O
.	O

For	O
this	O
purpose	O
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
common	O
viral	O
pathogen	O
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
facilities	O
,	O
was	O
used	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
and	O
rapid	O
global	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
prompted	O
efforts	O
by	O
modelers	O
to	O
characterize	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemiology	O
and	O
inform	O
control	O
policies	O
.	O

This	O
represents	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
119	O
new	O
cases	O
and	O
8	O
new	O
deaths	B-PROC
compared	O
with	O
9	O
May	O
2003	O
(	O
China	O
(	O
85	O
),	O
Taiwan	O
(	O
23	O
),	O
and	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
(	O
7	O
)	O
represented	O
the	O
overwhelming	O
majority	O
,	O
with	O
one	O
additional	O
case	O
each	O
reported	O
from	O
France	O
,	O
Malaysia	O
,	O
Singapore	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
).	O

The	O
positive	O
results	O
of	O
in	O
-	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
showed	O
that	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
of	O
all	O
cases	O
expressed	B-PROC
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
positive	O
signals	O
displayed	O
in	O
cytoplasms	B-COMP
(	O
purple	O
-	O
blue	O
,	O
NBP	O
-	O
BCIP	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
results	O
of	O
double	O
staining	O
indicated	O
that	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
type	B-ANAT
II	I-ANAT
pneumocytes	I-ANAT
,	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
and	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
were	O
diffusely	O
infected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
This	O
study	O
of	O
ISH	B-DISO
-	O
IHC	O
double	O
staining	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
showed	O
that	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
type	B-ANAT
II	I-ANAT
pneumocytes	I-ANAT
,	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
were	O
attacked	O
diffusely	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Preparation	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
putative	O
protein	B-CHED
X4	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
obtain	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	O
against	O
putative	O
protein	B-CHED
X4	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
for	O
further	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
X4	O
.	O

Indirect	O
Immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
indicated	O
that	O
they	O
could	O
specifically	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
protein	B-CHED
X4	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
intended	O
to	O
identify	O
potential	O
3CL	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
interacting	I-PRGE
cellular	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	I-PRGE
s	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
using	O
the	O
phage	O
-	O
displayed	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
cDNA	O
library	O
.	O

The	O
vacuolar	B-COMP
-	O
H	O
+	O
ATPase	B-ENZY
(	O
V	O
-	O
ATPase	B-ENZY
)	O
G1	O
subunit	O
that	O
contained	O
a	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
-	O
like	O
motif	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
3CL	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
interacting	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
as	O
confirmed	O
using	O
the	O
co	O
-	O
immunoprecipitation	O
assay	O
and	O
the	O
relative	O
affinity	O
assay	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
loading	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
SNARF	O
-	O
1	O
pH	O
-	O
sensitive	O
dye	B-CHED
showed	O
that	O
the	O
intracellular	B-COMP
pH	O
in	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)-	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
mock	O
cells	O
.	O

Further	O
analysis	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
mutant	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
trafficked	B-PROC
though	O
the	O
secretory	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
faster	O
than	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

One	O
of	O
these	O
mutants	O
,	O
CCA4	B-DISO
,	O
had	O
a	O
highly	O
defective	O
phenotype	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
MDelta2	O
.	O

Murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
polyproteins	O
incorporate	O
16	O
protein	B-CHED
domains	O
(	O
nsps	O
),	O
with	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
and	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
being	O
the	O
most	O
variable	O
among	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
having	O
no	O
experimentally	O
confirmed	O
or	O
predicted	O
functions	O
in	O
replication	O
.	O

It	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
viral	O
RNA	O
genome	O
and	O
forms	O
the	O
ribonucleoprotein	B-COMP
core	O
.	O

350	O
throat	B-ANAT
washes	O
of	O
confirmed	O
,	O
suspected	O
and	O
observed	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
were	O
tested	O
by	O
TaqMan	O
and	O
molecular	O
beacon	O
fluorescence	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
methods	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
PCR	O
for	O
nasal	B-ANAT
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
109	O
major	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
is	O
44	O
.	O
04	O
%,	O
but	O
the	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
145	O
wild	O
live	O
-	O
animals	B-SPEC
is	O
0	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
simple	O
and	O
accurate	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
characterization	O
and	O
screening	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genotypes	O
.	O

The	O
same	O
series	O
of	O
mutations	O
occurring	O
in	O
separate	O
geographic	O
locations	O
and	O
at	O
different	O
times	O
suggests	O
a	O
dominant	O
process	O
of	O
viral	O
adaptation	O
to	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
detection	O
of	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
by	O
PCR	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
winter	O
season	O
,	O
less	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
,	O
lower	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
levels	O
,	O
and	O
shorter	O
duration	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
observation	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
extensive	O
severe	O
burn	O
accompanied	O
by	O
blast	B-ANAT
injury	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	O
].	O

The	O
clinical	O
data	O
of	O
16	O
patients	O
with	O
blast	B-ANAT
injury	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
extensive	O
burns	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Low	O
tide	O
volume	B-PROC
lung	I-PROC
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
measures	O
may	O
prove	O
beneficial	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Kawasaki	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
KD	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
limited	O
,	O
systemic	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
of	O
children	O
for	O
which	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
trigger	O
is	O
suspected	O
.	O

She	O
had	O
persistent	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
with	O
severe	O
hypokalaemia	O
and	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
potassium	B-CHED
replacement	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
survivors	O
with	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
Prince	O
of	O
Wales	O
Hospital	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
at	O
3	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
and	O
12	O
months	O
after	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
.	O

Four	O
patients	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
5	O
patients	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
and	O
23	O
patients	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
had	O
FVC	B-PROC
,	O
TLC	O
,	O
and	O
D	O
(	O
LCO	B-CHED
)	O
values	O
<	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
predicted	O
values	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
required	O
ICU	O
admission	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
31	O
)	O
showed	O
higher	O
CXR	O
scores	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
[	O
SD	O
,	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
];	O
vs	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
[	O
SD	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
];	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
and	O
lower	O
percentage	O
of	O
predicted	O
FVC	B-PROC
,	O
TLC	O
,	O
and	O
Dlco	O
than	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
differences	O
in	O
6MWD	O
and	O
health	O
status	O
.	O

Exercise	O
capacity	O
and	O
health	O
status	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
were	O
remarkably	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
a	O
normal	O
population	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Significant	O
impairment	B-DISO
in	O
Dlco	O
was	O
noted	O
in	O
23	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
survivors	O
1	O
year	O
after	O
illness	O
onset	O
.	O

Results	O
suggested	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
caused	O
orchitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
setting	O
of	O
a	O
quarantine	O
time	O
for	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
will	O
depend	O
on	O
current	O
knowledge	O
concerning	O
incubation	O
times	O
.	O

Results	O
suggest	O
that	O
a	O
wide	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
models	O
for	O
incubation	O
times	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
because	O
the	O
apparent	O
informativeness	O
of	O
a	O
likelihood	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
choice	O
and	O
generalizability	O
of	O
a	O
model	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genomic	O
classification	O
using	O
an	O
information	O
-	O
based	O
similarity	O
index	O
:	O
application	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
novel	O
alignment	O
-	O
free	O
approach	O
to	O
measuring	O
the	O
similarity	O
among	O
genetic	O
sequences	O
that	O
incorporates	O
elements	O
from	O
both	O
word	O
rank	O
order	B-SPEC
-	O
frequency	O
statistics	O
and	O
information	O
theory	O
.	O

The	O
low	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
monomer	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
dimerization	O
are	O
also	O
discussed	O
.	O

A	O
high	O
proportion	O
of	O
trauma	O
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
for	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
survived	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
assess	O
these	O
patients	O
on	O
a	O
regular	O
basis	O
to	O
detect	O
and	O
provide	O
appropriate	O
management	O
for	O
any	O
persistent	O
or	O
emerging	O
long	O
term	O
sequelae	O
in	O
the	O
physical	O
,	O
psychological	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
social	O
domains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alternatives	O
to	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

During	O
chemotherapy	O
for	O
lymphoma	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
was	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
at	O
days	O
1	O
and	O
3	O
,	O
but	O
significantly	O
increased	O
at	O
days	O
7	O
and	O
9	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
concentrations	O
of	O
granulocyte	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
derived	O
-	O
XDP	B-DISO
(	O
GEXDP	O
)	O
levels	O
correlated	O
with	O
D	O
-	O
dimer	O
levels	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
almost	O
all	O
elevated	O
D	O
-	O
dimer	O
is	O
GE	O
-	O
XDP	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
gain	O
the	O
recombinant	O
Canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
the	O
recombinant	O
plasmid	O
pCAV	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
CCV	B-DISO
-	O
S1	O
was	O
linearized	O
by	O
Cla	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
Asc	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
to	O
release	B-PATH
recombinant	O
genome	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
transfected	O
into	O
MDCK	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Static	O
pressure	O
volume	O
curves	O
and	O
body	B-ANAT
posture	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

An	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
our	O
lead	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
(	O
4	O
)	O
bound	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
provided	O
important	O
drug	O
-	O
design	O
templates	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
examine	O
the	O
assembly	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
,	O
a	O
plasmid	O
representing	O
the	O
GFP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PS580	I-PRGE
cDNA	I-PRGE
fragment	I-PRGE
encompassing	O
the	O
viral	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
from	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
19715	O
to	O
20294	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
noncoding	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
GFP	O
)	O
gene	O
was	O
constructed	O
and	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
cotransfection	O
experiments	O
with	O
the	O
four	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
has	O
an	O
essential	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
packaging	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
.	O

A	O
filter	O
binding	B-FUNC
assay	O
and	O
competition	O
analysis	O
further	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
and	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
each	O
contain	O
a	O
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
specific	O
to	O
the	O
viral	O
RNA	O
.	O

Deletions	O
that	O
presumably	O
disrupt	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
diminished	O
its	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
MF59	O
enhanced	O
the	O
CD4	B-PRGE
and	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
even	O
after	O
gene	O
-	O
based	O
vaccination	O
.	O

The	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
pSecN	O
was	O
injected	O
to	O
immunize	O
the	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
produce	O
the	O
antiserum	O
against	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Subsequently	O
,	O
the	O
reactivity	O
of	O
the	O
antiserum	O
with	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
particles	O
was	O
assayed	O
by	O
ELISA	O
.	O

Recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
reacted	O
strongly	O
and	O
specifically	O
with	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
pSecN	O
could	O
also	O
efficiently	O
induce	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
IgG	B-PRGE
against	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
offered	O
clues	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
potential	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
could	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
good	O
antigen	B-CHED
to	O
detect	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
NS	O
provides	O
an	O
efficient	O
vaccine	O
delivery	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
a	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
vaccine	O
.	O

Through	O
pathological	O
examination	O
,	O
the	O
morphology	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
of	O
two	O
Macaques	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
treated	O
group	O
was	O
normal	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
other	O
three	O
displayed	O
the	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
with	O
the	O
thickened	O
septum	B-COMP
and	O
infiltration	B-DISO
with	O
mononuclear	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

No	O
significant	O
abnormity	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
other	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

Recombinant	B-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha2b	I-PRGE
could	O
effectively	O
interdict	O
or	O
weaken	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
injury	O
in	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
After	O
virus	B-SPEC
attack	O
,	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
were	O
induced	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
interferon	B-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
was	O
weaker	O
than	O
in	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
safety	O
of	O
recombinant	O
human	O
interferon	O
alpha	O
-	O
2b	O
for	O
nasal	B-ANAT
spray	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
upper	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

During	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
using	O
interferon	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
of	O
the	O
experimental	O
group	O
was	O
normal	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

A	O
randomized	O
,	O
placebo	O
-	O
controlled	O
,	O
double	O
-	O
blind	B-DISO
field	O
trial	O
study	O
in	O
populations	O
with	O
14	O
,	O
391	O
persons	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
prevalent	O
cities	O
or	O
provinces	O
in	O
China	O
during	O
May	O
-	O
Jun	O
,	O
2003	O
and	O
Dec	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Apr	B-CHED
,	O
2004	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
after	O
using	O
interferon	O
,	O
all	O
four	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
types	O
1	O
-	O
3	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
types	O
3	O
,	O
7	O
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
)	O
in	O
interferon	B-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
had	I-PRGE
lower	I-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
positive	O
rates	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

Among	O
them	O
there	O
were	O
statistically	O
significant	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
interferon	B-PRGE
and	O
control	O
groups	O
for	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
.	O

Three	O
recombinant	O
plasmids	O
(	O
pQE	O
-	O
30	O
/	O
S1a	O
,	O
pQE	O
-	O
30	O
/	O
S1b	B-PRGE
,	O
pQE	O
-	O
30	O
/	O
S1c	O
)	O
were	O
constructed	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
also	O
many	O
opportunities	O
in	O
academia	O
,	O
certainly	O
in	O
colleges	O
of	O
veterinary	O
medicine	B-CHED
but	O
,	O
beyond	O
that	O
,	O
also	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
medicine	B-CHED
and	O
in	O
the	O
biology	O
disciplines	O
.	O

To	O
profile	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
N	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
a	O
phage	O
-	O
displayed	O
scFv	O
library	O
was	O
prepared	O
from	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
heat	O
-	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cell	B-COMP
lysate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
insights	O
into	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
time	O
of	O
symptoms	O
disappearance	O
,	O
the	O
recovery	O
time	O
of	O
AChE	B-DISO
,	O
atropinization	O
time	O
,	O
atropine	B-CHED
dosage	O
,	O
pralidoxime	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
dosage	O
,	O
naloxone	B-CHED
dosage	O
,	O
hospitalization	O
days	O
in	O
treatment	O
group	O
were	O
significantly	O
superior	O
to	O
those	O
in	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
or	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
we	O
described	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
group	O
2	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU1	O
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
),	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
2	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
had	O
significantly	O
lower	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
levels	O
,	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
counts	O
,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
levels	O
,	O
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
levels	O
on	O
admission	O
and	O
had	O
more	O
-	O
extensive	O
involvement	O
visible	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
uncomplicated	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
Vc	O
was	O
reduced	O
at	O
presentation	O
but	O
improved	O
thereafter	O
.	O

One	O
patient	O
had	O
ARF	B-DISO
and	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
feasibility	O
of	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
delivery	O
with	O
high	O
frequency	O
jet	O
ventilation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
27	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
with	O
acute	O
monocytic	O
leukaemia	O
(	O
M5	O
)	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Intestinal	B-ANAT
circulation	B-PROC
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
metabolism	B-PROC
is	O
not	O
affected	O
by	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Thirteen	O
juvenile	O
anaesthetized	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
main	O
study	O
,	O
where	O
seven	O
were	O
given	O
an	O
intravenous	O
infusion	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
ml	O
kg	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
OA	O
and	O
six	O
served	O
as	O
control	O
(	O
surgery	O
only	O
).	O

These	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
persistently	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
clarifying	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
the	O
persistent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
also	O
for	O
elucidating	O
the	O
possible	O
pathophysiologic	O
significance	O
of	O
such	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
maintenance	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
purified	O
AGP	O
in	O
a	O
complete	O
Freund	O
'	O
s	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
and	O
Tween	B-CHED
20	I-CHED
mixture	B-CHED
was	O
injected	O
into	O
a	O
sheep	B-SPEC
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
was	O
collected	O
at	O
monthly	O
intervals	O
.	O

TCB	O
and	O
FNAB	O
specimens	O
collected	O
mainly	O
at	O
necropsy	O
from	O
25	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Diagnostic	O
sensitivity	O
was	O
higher	O
for	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
TCB	O
(	O
64	O
%)	O
and	O
FNAB	O
(	O
82	O
%)	O
than	O
for	O
renal	O
(	O
39	O
%	O
and	O
42	O
%,	O
respectively	O
)	O
procedures	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Diagnostic	O
sensitivity	O
was	O
higher	O
for	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
TCB	O
(	O
64	O
%)	O
and	O
FNAB	O
(	O
82	O
%)	O
than	O
for	O
renal	B-ANAT
(	O
39	O
%	O
and	O
42	O
%,	O
respectively	O
)	O
procedures	O
.	O

This	O
encouraging	O
outcome	O
trend	O
reflects	O
evolving	O
advances	O
such	O
as	O
use	O
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
hematopoietic	I-PRGE
growth	I-PRGE
factors	I-PRGE
,	O
use	O
of	O
mobilized	O
blood	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
rather	O
than	O
marrow	O
,	O
protective	O
strategies	O
for	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
early	O
goal	O
-	O
directed	O
therapy	O
for	O
sepsis	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
ability	O
of	O
the	O
purified	O
soluble	O
RBD	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
then	O
detected	O
by	O
ELISA	O
and	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
assay	O
.	O

And	O
the	O
recombinant	O
RBD	O
derived	O
from	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
developing	O
subunit	O
vaccine	O
to	O
block	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
binding	O
with	O
receptor	O
and	O
to	O
neutralizing	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Cov	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
study	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
microcirculation	O
disturbance	O
(	O
MD	O
)	O
on	O
rats	B-SPEC
with	O
acute	O
severe	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
(	O
ASP	B-CHED
).	O

We	O
developed	O
ASP	B-CHED
rat	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
and	O
anatomized	O
separately	O
after	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
9	O
h	O
.	O
We	O
took	O
out	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
did	O
hemorrheologic	O
examination	O
and	O
erythrocyte	B-ANAT
osmotic	O
fragility	B-DISO
test	O
,	O
checked	O
up	O
the	O
water	B-CHED
content	O
,	O
capillary	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
genetic	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
intercellular	B-PRGE
adhesion	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
,	O
examined	O
the	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
degree	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
vessel	I-ANAT
endothelium	I-ANAT
while	O
we	O
tested	O
related	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
of	O
Bax	B-PRGE
and	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
viscosity	O
of	O
total	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
hematocrit	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
erythrocyte	B-ANAT
osmotic	O
fragility	B-DISO
were	O
all	O
increased	O
.	O

Data	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
notified	O
from	O
Beijing	O
Center	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
(	O
BCDC	O
)	O
and	O
supplemented	O
by	O
other	O
channels	O
were	O
collected	O
.	O

Beijing	O
is	O
successful	O
in	O
controlling	O
and	O
treating	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
epidemiologic	O
features	O
of	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
urban	O
and	O
suburb	O
areas	O
in	O
Beijing	O
and	O
to	O
explore	O
their	O
differences	O
between	O
these	O
two	O
areas	O
.	O

Beijing	O
urban	O
area	O
suffered	O
a	O
more	O
serious	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
than	O
the	O
suburb	O
area	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Beijing	O
urban	O
area	O
suffered	B-DISO
a	O
more	O
serious	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
than	O
the	O
suburb	O
area	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Elevated	O
plasma	B-PRGE
tissue	B-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
type	I-ENZY
plasminogen	I-ENZY
activator	I-ENZY
(	O
t	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PA	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
soluble	O
thrombomodulin	B-PRGE
in	O
patients	O
suffering	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
as	O
a	O
possible	O
index	O
for	O
prognosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
strategy	O
.	O

The	O
only	O
patient	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
had	O
extremely	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
these	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
injury	O
markers	O
(	O
t	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PA	I-PRGE
:	O
2	O
.	O
77	O
nmol	O
/	O
L	O
and	O
sTM	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
01	O
nmol	O
/	O
L	O
).	O

The	O
numerical	O
coefficient	O
of	O
correlation	O
Pearson	O
r	O
between	O
t	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PA	I-PRGE
and	O
sTM	B-PRGE
was	O
0	O
.	O
5867	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Although	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
was	O
still	O
detectable	O
by	O
IF	O
tests	O
with	O
8	O
of	O
11	O
patients	O
at	O
7	O
months	O
postinfection	O
,	O
the	O
geometric	O
mean	O
titers	O
dropped	O
from	O
282	O
at	O
1	O
month	O
postinfection	O
to	O
19	O
at	O
7	O
months	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Using	O
a	O
novel	O
data	O
representation	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
system	O
termed	O
MULTIPRED	O
that	O
can	O
predict	O
peptide	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
to	O
multiple	O
related	O
human	B-PRGE
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antigens	B-CHED
(	O
HLA	B-PRGE
).	O

By	O
implementing	O
ANN	O
as	O
a	O
classification	O
engine	O
,	O
we	O
enabled	O
both	O
the	O
prediction	O
of	O
peptides	B-CHED
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
multiple	O
individual	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A2	I-PRGE
molecules	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
prediction	O
of	O
promiscuous	O
binders	O
using	O
a	O
single	O
model	O
.	O

Design	O
,	O
synthesis	O
,	O
and	O
biological	O
evaluation	O
of	O
novel	O
,	O
potent	O
,	O
and	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
NNRTIs	O
with	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pyrrolobenzoxazepinones	O
(	O
PBOs	O
)	O
represent	O
a	O
new	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
human	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
)	O
nonnucleoside	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
(	O
RT	O
)	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
(	O
NNRTIs	O
)	O
whose	O
prototype	O
is	O
5	O
.	O

Molecular	O
modeling	O
studies	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
structures	O
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RT	O
prompted	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
analogues	O
which	O
were	O
tested	O
as	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
HIV	I-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

Data	O
on	O
annual	O
patient	O
-	O
days	O
and	O
annual	O
consumption	O
(	O
defined	O
daily	O
dose	O
(	O
DDD	B-DISO
)	O
per	O
1000	O
patient	O
-	O
days	O
)	O
of	O
extended	O
-	O
spectrum	O
cephalosporins	B-CHED
(	O
cefotaxime	B-CHED
,	O
ceftriaxone	B-CHED
,	O
ceftazidime	B-CHED
,	O
flumoxef	O
,	O
cefepime	B-CHED
and	O
cefpirome	B-CHED
),	O
beta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
lactam	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
lactamase	I-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
combinations	O
(	O
ticarcillin	B-CHED
/	O
clavulanic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
piperacillin	B-CHED
/	O
tazobactam	O
),	O
carbapenems	B-CHED
(	O
imipenem	B-CHED
and	O
meropenem	B-CHED
),	O
aminoglycosides	B-CHED
(	O
amikacin	B-CHED
,	O
gentamicin	B-CHED
and	O
tobramycin	B-CHED
),	O
fluoroquinolones	O
(	O
ciprofloxacin	B-CHED
(	O
oral	B-ANAT
and	O
injectable	O
)	O
and	O
oral	B-ANAT
levofloxacin	B-CHED
and	O
moxifloxacin	B-CHED
)	O
from	O
1991	O
to	O
2003	O
were	O
analysed	O
.	O

The	O
rise	O
in	O
cefotaxime	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
or	O
ciprofloxacin	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
meropenem	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aeruginosa	I-SPEC
was	O
significantly	O
correlated	O
with	O
increased	O
consumption	O
of	O
extended	O
-	O
spectrum	O
cephalosporins	B-CHED
,	O
beta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
lactam	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
lactamase	I-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
combinations	O
,	O
carbapenems	B-CHED
,	O
fluoroquinolones	O
and	O
aminoglycosides	B-CHED
(	O
for	O
ciprofloxacin	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
meropenem	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aeruginosa	I-SPEC
only	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
(	O
Pearson	O
'	O
s	O
correlation	O
coefficient	O
,	O
r	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
72	O
(	O
or	O
<	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
72	O
)	O
and	O
P	O
-	O
value	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Additionally	O
we	O
have	O
identified	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
terminal	O
42	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
host	B-COMP
protein	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
element	O
in	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
using	O
DI	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
assays	O
and	O
targeted	B-PROC
recombination	B-PROC
and	O
by	O
directly	O
constructing	O
mutants	O
in	O
this	O
protein	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
element	O
using	O
a	O
recently	O
described	O
MHV	B-SPEC
reverse	O
genetic	O
system	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
encodes	O
several	O
unique	O
group	O
-	O
specific	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
)	O
relative	O
to	O
other	O
known	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Deletion	O
of	O
ORF3a	O
did	O
not	O
alter	O
subcellular	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
from	O
distinct	O
punctuate	O
localization	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
rER	B-COMP
/	O
Golgi	B-COMP
apparatus	I-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	O
NL63	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
its	O
role	O
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
needs	O
to	O
be	O
established	O
.	O

The	O
affinity	O
of	O
ScFv	B-PRGE
H12	I-PRGE
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
virion	B-COMP
was	O
detected	O
as	O
Kd	O
=	O
73	O
.	O
5	O
nmol	O
/	O
mL	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SR	O
-	O
rich	O
motif	O
plays	O
a	O
pivotal	O
role	O
in	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
multimerization	O
.	O

Characterization	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
multimerization	O
may	O
thereby	O
help	O
us	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
assembly	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
world	O
was	O
shocked	B-DISO
in	O
early	O
2003	O
when	O
a	O
pandemic	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
imminent	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
The	O
psychometric	O
properties	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
care	O
attrition	B-DISO
prediction	O
tool	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Theory	O
of	O
Planned	O
Behavior	O
,	O
were	O
examined	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

As	O
it	O
happens	O
with	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
peptidic	O
fusion	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
HR2	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
derived	I-PRGE
peptides	B-CHED
are	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
drugs	O
against	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
is	O
believed	O
that	O
HR2	O
peptides	B-CHED
block	O
the	O
six	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
formation	B-PROC
,	O
a	O
key	O
structure	O
in	O
the	O
viral	O
fusion	O
,	O
by	O
interacting	O
with	O
the	O
HR1	O
region	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
infection	B-DISO
that	O
causes	O
a	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Potential	O
maternal	O
outcomes	O
include	O
spontaneous	O
miscarriage	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
first	O
trimester	O
,	O
preterm	B-DISO
birth	I-DISO
,	O
emergency	B-DISO
cesarean	O
section	O
,	O
renal	B-ANAT
failure	I-DISO
,	O
secondary	O
bacterial	O
pneumonia	O
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
,	O
surgical	B-DISO
site	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
maternal	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
indirect	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
was	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
neutralization	O
(	O
SN	O
)	O
test	O
by	O
testing	O
46	O
samples	O
from	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
sows	O
,	O
73	O
samples	O
from	O
naive	O
sows	O
,	O
and	O
1	O
,	O
024	O
field	O
sow	O
samples	O
from	O
48	O
commercial	O
swine	B-SPEC
farms	O
of	O
undefined	O
PED	B-DISO
status	O
.	O

He	O
also	O
explores	O
monotherapy	O
versus	O
combination	O
therapy	O
,	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
rapid	O
initiation	O
of	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
short	O
-	O
course	O
therapy	O
as	O
a	O
hedge	O
against	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
resistance	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
estimate	O
that	O
a	O
single	O
case	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
will	O
infect	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
secondary	O
cases	O
on	O
average	O
in	O
a	O
population	O
from	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
,	O
whereas	O
less	O
than	O
1	O
secondary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
generated	O
per	O
case	O
among	O
school	O
children	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
organism	O
factors	O
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
quantum	O
generation	O
rates	O
(	O
quanta	O
/	O
s	O
by	O
an	O
infected	O
person	O
),	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
determine	O
the	O
risk	O
for	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
indoor	O
airborne	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Developing	O
high	O
titers	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
hyperimmune	I-PRGE
globulin	I-PRGE
to	O
provide	O
an	O
alternative	O
pathway	B-PROC
for	O
emergent	O
future	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Fragment	O
of	O
approximately	O
15	O
g	O
F	O
(	O
ab	O
')	O
2	O
was	O
obtained	O
from	O
1litre	O
antiserum	O
and	O
the	O
purity	O
was	O
above	O
90	O
%	O
with	O
the	O
titer	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
5120	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
neutralize	O
the	O
other	O
strain	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
Z2	O
-	O
Y3	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
.	O

The	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
prevent	O
infection	B-DISO
within	O
healthcare	O
facilities	O
,	O
cases	O
were	O
centralized	O
in	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
designated	O
hospital	O
,	O
a	O
no	O
-	O
visitors	O
rule	O
was	O
applied	O
and	O
movement	B-PROC
of	O
patients	O
and	O
healthcare	O
staff	O
were	O
restricted	O
.	O

Hospitals	O
were	O
surveyed	O
for	O
fever	B-PROC
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
large	O
wholesale	O
market	O
closure	O
resulted	O
in	O
massive	O
quarantine	O
thereby	O
limiting	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
mass	O
education	O
campaign	O
was	O
implemented	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
educate	O
and	O
raise	O
awareness	O
of	O
the	O
public	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
implantation	B-PROC
did	O
not	O
affect	O
local	O
cytokine	O
/	O
chemokine	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
remyelination	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
transplantation	O
did	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
an	O
imbalance	B-DISO
of	O
T	O
(	O
H	O
)	O
1	O
-	O
associated	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
immunity	B-PROC
induced	O
by	O
a	O
novel	O
CpG	O
oligodeoxynucleotide	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
BW001	O
could	O
activate	O
CD19	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
cells	O
and	O
CD56	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
NK	I-PRGE
cells	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
PBMCs	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
BW001	O
could	O
enhance	O
NK	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
and	O
IFN	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
gamma	I-PROC
secretion	B-ANAT
in	O
human	B-SPEC
PBMCs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
):	O
knowledge	O
,	O
attitudes	O
,	O
practices	O
and	O
sources	O
of	O
information	O
among	O
physicians	O
answering	O
a	O
SARS	O
fever	B-PROC
hotline	O
service	O
.	O

Hospital	O
guidelines	O
and	O
news	O
media	B-ANAT
were	O
the	O
major	O
information	O
sources	O
.	O

A	O
previous	O
report	O
(	O
Virology	O
2003	O
,	O
311	O
:	O
16	O
-	O
27	O
)	O
indicated	O
that	O
transfected	O
IBV	B-SPEC
3b	O
localized	O
to	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
in	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
using	O
a	O
vaccinia	B-DISO
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
system	O
.	O

Progressive	O
hypoxemia	O
mandated	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
1	O
week	O
after	O
rituximab	O
administration	O
and	O
led	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
4	O
weeks	O
after	O
admission	O
.	O

N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
composed	O
of	O
three	O
distinct	O
regions	O
containing	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
motif	O
(	O
s	O
),	O
and	O
appropriate	O
signals	O
for	O
modulating	O
cell	B-COMP
signalling	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
avian	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
overexpressed	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
remained	O
principally	O
localized	O
to	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
,	O
with	O
very	O
few	O
cells	B-COMP
exhibiting	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
localization	B-PROC
.	O

Four	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
during	O
further	O
treatment	O
due	O
to	O
multiple	O
trauma	O
or	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antibody	B-FUNC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
are	O
correlated	O
with	O
disease	O
outcome	O
of	O
infected	O
individuals	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Epidemiologic	O
data	O
suggested	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
obvious	O
predominance	O
of	O
young	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
slight	O
female	O
proneness	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

However	O
,	O
among	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
older	O
patients	O
had	O
less	O
extensive	O
radiographic	O
opacification	O
at	O
the	O
worst	O
stage	O
of	O
disease	O
and	O
just	O
before	O
death	B-PROC
than	O
did	O
younger	O
patients	O
.	O

Radiographic	O
scores	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
PaO2	O
to	O
the	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
,	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
level	O
,	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
count	O
at	O
each	O
milestone	O
and	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
changes	O
between	O
milestones	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
01	O
for	O
all	O
correlation	O
coefficients	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
radiographic	O
score	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
count	O
between	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
milestones	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
20	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
developed	O
a	O
giant	O
pseudoaneurysm	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
innominate	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
5	O
months	O
after	O
blunt	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
,	O
causing	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
superior	B-ANAT
vena	I-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
compression	O
symptoms	O
.	O

HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
,	O
malaria	O
,	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
Marburg	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
bioterrorism	O
are	O
examples	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
emerging	O
and	O
reemerging	O
threats	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
government	O
-	O
sponsored	O
biomedical	O
researchers	O
have	O
focused	O
on	O
basic	O
research	O
and	O
concept	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
leaving	O
product	O
development	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
pharmaceutical	B-CHED
industry	O
.	O

No	O
relationship	O
between	O
these	O
observations	O
and	O
RNA	O
secondary	O
-	O
structure	O
predictions	O
was	O
found	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
mutations	O
at	O
nucleotide	O
637	O
most	O
likely	O
had	O
an	O
effect	O
at	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
level	O
.	O

A	O
correlation	O
was	O
found	O
between	O
predicted	O
cleaving	O
and	O
noncleaving	O
mutations	O
and	O
efficient	O
virus	B-SPEC
rescue	O
from	O
cDNA	O
and	O
minigenome	O
amplification	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
propagation	O
of	O
recombinant	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
HE	O
+,	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
mutants	O
accumulated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Murine	O
hepatitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
provides	O
a	O
model	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
,	O
acute	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
chronic	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
second	O
,	O
mirror	O
set	O
of	O
recombinant	O
viruses	O
was	O
constructed	O
in	O
which	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A59	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
had	O
been	O
replaced	O
with	O
that	O
from	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
JHM	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
JHM	O
S	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
HE	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
whether	O
it	O
retained	O
esterase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
or	O
not	O
,	O
resulted	O
in	O
increased	O
viral	O
spread	O
within	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
and	O
in	O
increased	O
neurovirulence	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
utilization	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
fusogenicity	O
mainly	O
determine	O
organ	B-ANAT
and	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
but	O
that	O
HE	O
enhances	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
promotes	O
viral	O
dissemination	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
some	O
tissues	B-ANAT
,	O
presumably	O
by	O
serving	O
as	O
a	O
second	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
tested	O
this	O
hypothesis	O
by	O
measuring	O
the	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
activity	O
of	O
PLpro	O
by	O
two	O
independent	O
assays	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
-	O
PLpro	O
hydrolyzed	O
both	O
diubiquitin	B-PRGE
and	O
ubiquitin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
7	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
amino	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
4	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
methylcoumarin	I-CHED
(	O
AMC	B-DISO
)	O
substrates	O
,	O
and	O
hydrolysis	O
of	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
-	O
AMC	B-DISO
is	O
approximately	O
180	O
-	O
fold	O
more	O
efficient	O
than	O
hydrolysis	O
of	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
substrate	O
that	O
mimics	O
the	O
PLpro	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
recognition	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
PLpro	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
processing	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
polyprotein	O
and	O
,	O
thereby	O
,	O
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
biogenesis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
complex	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
PLpro	I-PRGE
was	O
inhibited	O
by	O
the	O
specific	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
enzyme	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
ubiquitin	O
aldehyde	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
an	O
inhibition	B-PROC
constant	O
of	O
210	O
nM	O
.	O
The	O
purified	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
PLpro	I-PRGE
disassembles	O
branched	B-PRGE
polyubiquitin	B-PROC
chains	I-PRGE
with	O
lengths	O
of	O
two	O
to	O
seven	O
(	O
Ub2	O
-	O
7	O
)	O
or	O
four	O
(	O
Ub4	O
)	O
units	O
,	O
which	O
involves	O
isopeptide	O
bond	O
cleavage	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
human	B-PRGE
angiotensin	B-CHED
1	O
-	O
converting	O
enzyme	O
2	O
(	O
hACE2	O
),	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
ciliated	O
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
derived	O
from	O
nasal	B-ANAT
or	O
tracheobronchial	O
regions	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
may	O
infect	O
the	O
proximal	O
airways	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
specifically	O
infected	O
HAE	O
via	O
the	O
apical	O
surface	O
and	O
replicated	O
to	O
titers	O
of	O
10	O
(	O
7	O
)	O
PFU	B-CHED
/	O
ml	O
by	O
48	O
h	O
postinfection	O
.	O

Polyclonal	O
antisera	O
directed	O
against	O
hACE2	O
blocked	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
replication	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
hACE2	O
is	O
the	O
primary	O
receptor	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
HAE	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virucidal	O
activity	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
hand	O
disinfectant	B-CHED
with	O
reduced	O
ethanol	B-CHED
content	O
:	O
comparison	O
with	O
other	O
alcohol	O
-	O
based	O
formulations	O
.	O

In	O
quantitative	O
suspension	O
tests	O
,	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
protein	B-CHED
load	O
,	O
this	O
formulation	O
reduced	O
the	O
infectivity	O
titre	O
of	O
seven	O
enveloped	O
(	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
,	O
herpes	B-DISO
simplex	I-DISO
1	I-DISO
and	O
2	O
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
,	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
,	O
vaccinia	B-DISO
,	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
,	O
bovine	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
four	O
non	O
-	O
enveloped	O
(	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
,	O
polio	B-DISO
,	O
rota	O
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
calici	O
)	O
viruses	B-SPEC
>	O
10	O
(	O
3	O
)-	O
fold	O
within	O
30s	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
-	O
imaging	O
analysis	O
of	O
Simian	O
virus	O
40	O
(	O
SV40	B-SPEC
)	O
'	O
s	O
entry	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
has	O
indicated	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
caveolar	O
endocytosis	B-PATH
during	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
229E	O
enters	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
through	O
caveolae	B-COMP
.	O

Single	O
crown	B-COMP
-	O
like	O
virion	B-COMP
was	O
directly	O
visualized	O
and	O
quantitative	O
measurements	O
of	O
the	O
dimensions	O
for	O
the	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
provided	O
.	O

A	O
corona	B-CHED
of	O
large	O
,	O
distinctive	O
spikes	O
in	O
the	O
envelope	B-COMP
was	O
measured	O
after	O
treatment	O
with	O
hydroxyoctanoic	O
acid	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
no	O
specific	O
effective	O
therapies	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
approaches	O
are	O
desperately	O
needed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
apoptotic	O
properties	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
studied	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

By	O
monitoring	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
indicators	O
including	O
chromatin	B-COMP
condensation	B-DISO
,	O
cellular	B-COMP
DNA	B-PROC
fragmentation	I-PROC
and	O
cell	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
asymmetry	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
-	O
mediated	O
over	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
its	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
S2	O
)	O
induce	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
a	O
time	O
-	O
and	O
dosage	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
its	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
S1	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
including	O
envelope	B-COMP
(	O
E	O
),	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
do	O
not	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
putative	O
protein	B-CHED
6	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
functional	O
characterization	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
confirmed	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
intestine	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
.	O

The	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
frameshift	B-DISO
signals	O
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
will	O
be	O
described	O
and	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
this	O
knowledge	O
on	O
models	O
of	O
frameshifting	O
will	O
be	O
considered	O
.	O

Chile	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
manage	O
those	O
emergencies	B-DISO
using	O
the	O
local	O
health	O
system	O
.	O

That	O
particular	O
evidence	O
may	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
could	O
adapt	O
to	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
since	O
a	O
similar	O
situation	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
several	O
of	O
the	O
influenza	O
pandemics	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
we	O
may	O
have	O
a	O
vaccine	O
before	O
the	O
outbreak	O
;	O
this	O
development	B-PROC
is	O
even	O
faster	O
than	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
interferon	O
and	O
systemic	O
steroid	B-CHED
in	O
preventing	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
deserves	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
live	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
sewage	O
in	O
these	O
assays	O
.	O

We	O
showed	O
that	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
infections	B-DISO
across	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
differ	O
in	O
their	O
requirements	O
.	O

Transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
,	O
however	O
,	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
infected	O
suggesting	O
additional	O
requirements	O
for	O
in	O
vivo	O
virus	B-SPEC
susceptibility	O
.	O

Seven	O
children	O
died	B-PROC
between	O
11	O
months	O
and	O
14	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
reveal	O
the	O
cogent	O
effects	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
on	O
family	B-SPEC
-	O
centered	O
care	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
develop	O
a	O
reverse	O
transcriptase	O
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
to	O
detect	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
from	O
commercially	O
-	O
raised	O
poultry	O
in	O
New	O
Zealand	O
and	O
compare	O
results	O
with	O
those	O
from	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
from	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
informative	O
for	O
the	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
closely	O
-	O
related	O
strains	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
a	O
longer	O
illness	O
showed	O
a	O
lower	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
than	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
shorter	O
illness	O
duration	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
2003	O
.	O

As	O
discussed	O
in	O
this	O
Review	O
,	O
studies	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
that	O
are	O
infected	O
with	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
indicate	O
that	O
excessive	O
and	O
sometimes	O
dysregulated	O
responses	O
by	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
other	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
might	O
be	O
particularly	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
disease	O
that	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Intermittent	O
asphyxia	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
cast	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
subglottic	B-ANAT
region	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Godzilla	O
in	O
the	O
corridor	O
:	O
The	O
Ontario	O
SARS	B-DISO
crisis	O
in	O
historical	O
perspective	O
.	O

The	O
historical	O
literature	O
on	O
nursing	B-PROC
in	O
yellow	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
cholera	B-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemics	O
has	O
been	O
employed	O
to	O
offer	O
insight	O
.	O

Nurses	O
'	O
responses	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
usefully	O
studied	O
within	O
a	O
larger	O
historical	O
vision	B-PROC
of	O
crisis	O
nursing	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
information	O
or	O
impressions	O
from	O
earlier	O
crises	O
are	O
potentially	O
of	O
interest	O
to	O
the	O
nursing	B-PROC
profession	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
recently	O
discovered	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
acute	O
fibrinous	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
high	O
infectivity	O
.	O

Specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
with	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
eggs	O
were	O
harvested	O
at	O
regular	O
intervals	O
.	O

SDS	B-DISO
-	O
polyacrylamide	B-CHED
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
(	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
),	O
Western	O
blot	O
and	O
neutralization	O
test	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
IgY	O
obtained	O
was	O
of	O
a	O
high	O
purity	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
strong	O
reactive	O
activity	O
with	O
a	O
neutralization	O
titer	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
640	O
.	O

Rev	O
.	O
Drug	O
Disc	B-COMP
.	O
2002	O
,	O
1	O
220	O
],	O
is	O
limited	O
by	O
a	O
known	O
challenge	O
in	O
crystallographically	O
determining	O
flexible	O
regions	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
study	O
suggests	O
that	O
terascale	O
computing	O
can	O
complement	O
crystallography	O
,	O
broaden	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
virtual	O
screening	O
,	O
and	O
accelerate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
therapeutics	O
to	O
treat	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
Bird	B-DISO
Flu	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
patients	O
present	O
mainly	O
with	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
resulting	O
from	O
predominantly	O
small	B-ANAT
vessel	I-ANAT
occlusions	B-DISO
affecting	O
mainly	O
intra	O
-	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
organs	I-ANAT
such	O
as	O
bowel	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
adrenals	B-ANAT
,	O
although	O
large	B-ANAT
vessel	I-ANAT
occlusions	B-DISO
do	O
occur	O
and	O
comprise	O
mainly	O
deep	B-DISO
vein	I-DISO
thromboses	I-DISO
(	O
DVT	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
the	O
veins	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
limbs	I-ANAT
and	O
arterial	B-DISO
occlusions	I-DISO
causing	O
strokes	B-DISO
and	O
peripheral	B-DISO
gangrene	I-DISO
.	O

the	O
rapid	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
following	O
the	O
above	O
-	O
mentioned	O
identifiable	O
precipitating	O
factors	O
,	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
unusual	O
organs	B-ANAT
such	O
as	O
bowel	B-ANAT
,	O
reproductive	B-PROC
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
,	O
complicating	O
features	O
of	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
in	O
20	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
acute	O
(	O
adult	O
)	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
one	O
third	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
thrombocytopenia	O
;	O
these	O
not	O
being	O
encountered	O
in	O
the	O
simple	O
/	O
classic	O
APS	B-DISO
.	O

Parenteral	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
indicated	O
where	O
an	O
underlying	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
suspected	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
unit	O
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
or	O
cardiac	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Solution	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
X4	O
protein	B-CHED
coded	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
related	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
reveals	O
an	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
like	O
fold	O
and	O
suggests	O
a	O
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
to	O
integrin	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
domains	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
dimer	O
dissociation	B-DISO
constant	O
of	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
determined	O
to	O
be	O
14	O
.	O
0microM	O
by	O
analytical	O
ultracentrifugation	O
method	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Prior	O
to	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
March	O
2003	O
,	O
35	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
students	O
washed	O
their	O
hands	B-ANAT
before	O
and	O
72	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
after	O
they	O
physically	O
examined	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
wards	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Influenza	O
pneumonia	O
and	O
influenza	O
-	O
associated	O
severe	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
heart	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
disease	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
major	O
complications	O
that	O
may	O
require	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
admission	O
.	O

This	O
patient	O
had	O
received	O
a	O
classical	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
by	O
amoxycillin	B-CHED
(	O
3	O
g	O
/	O
24	O
hours	O
per	O
os	O
);	O
48	O
hours	O
later	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
admitted	O
in	O
ICU	O
for	O
a	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
that	O
evolved	O
rapidly	O
towards	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Study	O
on	O
substrate	O
specificity	O
at	O
subsites	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3CL	O
protease	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
previous	O
suggestion	O
that	O
only	O
small	O
residues	O
in	O
substrate	O
could	O
be	O
accommodated	O
to	O
the	O
S1	O
'	O
subsite	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
found	O
that	O
bulky	O
residues	O
such	O
as	O
Tyr	B-CHED
and	O
Trp	B-ENZY
were	O
also	O
acceptable	O
.	O

SP	O
-	O
4	O
(	O
residues	O
192	O
-	O
203	O
),	O
SP	O
-	O
8	O
(	O
residues	O
483	O
-	O
494	O
),	O
and	O
SP	O
-	O
10	O
(	O
residues	O
668	O
-	O
679	O
)	O
significantly	O
blocked	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
by	O
biotinylated	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
,	O
with	O
IC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
values	O
of	O
4	O
.	O
30	O
+/-	O

Peptide	B-CHED
scanning	O
suggested	O
the	O
region	O
spanning	O
residues	O
660	O
-	O
683	O
might	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
small	O
peptides	B-CHED
designed	O
to	O
disrupt	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
to	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
:	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
its	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
and	O
multimerization	O
properties	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
authors	O
also	O
explored	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
various	O
factors	O
on	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
incubation	O
period	O
by	O
analysis	O
of	O
variance	O
,	O
linear	O
regression	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
covariance	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Longitudinal	O
analysis	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-FUNC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
serum	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
of	O
18	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
checked	O
at	O
1	O
month	O
and	O
every	O
3	O
months	O
after	O
disease	O
onset	O
.	O

Fifteen	O
out	O
of	O
17	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
IgM	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
at	O
1	O
month	O
.	O

The	O
serum	B-PRGE
IgM	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
of	O
most	O
patients	O
became	O
undetectable	O
within	O
6	O
months	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
require	O
specific	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptors	O
to	O
infect	O
their	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
for	O
two	O
divergent	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
).	O

Finally	O
,	O
an	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
endosomal	O
acidification	B-PROC
had	O
substantially	O
less	O
effect	O
on	O
infection	B-DISO
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
than	O
on	O
that	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Porcine	B-SPEC
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PAEC	O
)	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
EtOH	B-CHED
(	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
16	O
%,	O
w	O
/	O
v	O
)	O
for	O
72	O
hr	O
in	O
sealed	O
chambers	O
to	O
prevent	O
evaporation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
subgroup	O
of	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
Hantavirus	B-SPEC
develops	O
a	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
HPS	B-DISO
)	O
characterized	O
by	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
myocardial	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
,	O
that	O
has	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

About	O
35	O
%-	O
40	O
%	O
took	O
more	O
time	O
to	O
rest	B-FUNC
,	O
for	O
relaxation	O
or	O
doing	O
exercise	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
interacts	O
with	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
mostly	O
through	O
their	O
carboxyl	O
termini	O
by	O
electrostatic	O
attraction	O
.	O

Kinetic	O
assays	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
endodomain	O
(	O
aa102	O
-	O
221	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
membrane	O
protein	B-CHED
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
with	O
high	O
affinity	O
(	O
K	O
(	O
D	O
)=	O
0	O
.	O
55	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
microM	O
),	O
however	O
,	O
this	O
interaction	O
could	O
be	O
weakened	O
greatly	O
by	O
acidification	B-PROC
,	O
higher	O
salt	B-CHED
concentration	O
(	O
400	O
mM	O
NaCl	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
divalent	B-CHED
cation	I-CHED
(	O
50	O
mM	O
Ca2	O
+),	O
which	O
suggests	O
that	O
electrostatic	O
attraction	O
might	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
this	O
interaction	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
might	O
facilitate	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
aiming	O
at	O
the	O
disruption	O
of	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
membrane	B-COMP
and	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
novel	O
theory	O
known	O
as	O
autoantigen	O
complementarity	O
suggests	O
that	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
could	O
trigger	O
antineutrophil	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
.	O

Glycoform	O
separation	B-DISO
of	O
turkey	B-PRGE
ovalbumin	I-PRGE
in	O
a	O
lectin	B-PRGE
monolithic	O
column	B-ANAT
and	O
an	O
electrophoresis	O
channel	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
an	O
integrated	O
microchip	O
.	O

Using	O
this	O
technology	O
,	O
carbohydrate	B-CHED
-	O
containing	O
macromolecules	B-CHED
of	O
diverse	O
structures	O
,	O
including	O
polysaccharides	B-CHED
,	O
natural	O
glycoconjugates	O
,	O
and	O
mono	B-DISO
-	O
and	O
oligosaccharides	B-CHED
coupled	O
to	O
carrier	O
molecules	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
stably	O
immobilized	O
on	O
a	O
glass	O
chip	O
without	O
chemical	O
modification	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
released	O
in	O
membranous	B-ANAT
structures	O
from	O
3a	O
protein	O
-	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neither	O
the	O
RNA	O
nor	O
the	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
3a	O
and	O
3b	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
are	O
essential	O
for	O
replication	O
.	O

Analyses	O
of	O
cytochrome	B-PROC
c	I-PROC
release	B-PATH
further	O
revealed	O
an	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
apoptotic	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

To	O
identify	O
upstream	O
signals	O
,	O
we	O
determined	O
caspase	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
8	I-PROC
activity	I-PROC
,	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
Bid	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
Bax	B-PRGE
and	O
Bad	B-PRGE
by	O
Western	O
blotting	O
.	O

in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
Bid	B-PRGE
may	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
messenger	O
to	O
relay	O
the	O
signals	O
from	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
to	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
Bax	B-PRGE
but	O
not	O
Bad	B-PRGE
was	O
significantly	O
increased	O
at	O
12	O
h	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
thus	O
establish	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
pathway	B-PROC
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
oligodendrocyte	B-PROC
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

However	O
,	O
when	O
multiple	O
members	O
of	O
a	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
team	O
were	O
dressing	O
simultaneously	O
,	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
don	O
the	O
PPS	B-DISO
increased	O
to	O
between	O
3	O
1	O
/	O
2	O
and	O
5	O
1	O
/	O
2	O
minutes	O
.	O

The	O
insight	O
gained	O
from	O
this	O
experience	O
will	O
be	O
valuable	O
for	O
future	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
challenges	O
in	O
critical	O
care	O
.	O

Errors	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
medical	O
management	O
of	O
advanced	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
life	O
support	O
(	O
ACLS	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
corrected	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
experiment	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
effects	O
of	O
increased	O
milk	O
replacer	O
feeding	O
on	O
growth	B-PROC
,	O
intake	O
,	O
feed	O
efficiency	O
,	O
and	O
health	O
parameters	O
in	O
stressed	O
calves	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
effect	O
of	O
milk	O
replacer	O
feeding	O
on	O
concentrations	O
of	O
nonesterified	O
fatty	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
,	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
growth	B-FUNC
hormone	I-FUNC
concentrations	O
.	O

Under	O
conditions	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
calves	O
fed	O
variable	O
amount	O
of	O
milk	O
replacer	O
and	O
exposed	O
to	O
immunological	O
challenge	O
before	O
weaning	B-PROC
had	O
greater	O
BW	O
gain	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
increased	O
incidence	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
that	O
required	O
added	O
veterinary	O
treatments	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Binding	B-FUNC
site	O
-	O
based	O
classification	O
of	O
coronaviral	B-PRGE
papain	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replicase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
encodes	O
one	O
or	O
two	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
(	O
termed	O
PL1pro	O
and	O
PL2pro	O
)	O
implicated	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
processing	O
of	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	O
and	O
thus	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
that	O
mediates	O
genome	O
replication	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
on	O
an	O
adolescent	O
with	O
an	O
acute	O
onset	O
of	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
and	O
pleuritic	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
pain	I-DISO
with	O
severe	O
restrictive	O
lung	B-ANAT
physiology	O
on	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
testing	O
(	O
forced	B-PROC
vital	I-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
,	O
20	O
%	O
of	O
predicted	O
)	O
who	O
had	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
parenchymal	O
lung	B-ANAT
or	O
pleural	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

He	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
restricted	O
diaphragmatic	B-PROC
movement	I-PROC
as	O
assessed	O
by	O
fluoroscopy	O
,	O
without	O
evidence	O
of	O
generalized	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
weakness	O
.	O

His	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
and	O
results	O
of	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
were	O
typical	O
for	O
shrinking	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Given	O
the	O
rarity	O
of	O
shrinking	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
pediatric	O
age	O
range	O
,	O
many	O
clinicians	O
are	O
not	O
aware	O
of	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
clinical	O
entity	O
.	O

Shrinking	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
in	O
both	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
with	O
systemic	B-PATH
lupus	I-PATH
erythematosus	I-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Application	O
of	O
transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
to	O
the	O
clinical	O
study	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
:	O
present	O
and	O
future	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
has	O
had	O
a	O
profound	O
impact	O
on	O
our	O
knowledge	O
and	O
understanding	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

There	O
is	O
continuing	O
use	O
of	O
EM	O
for	O
the	O
investigation	O
of	O
new	O
and	O
emerging	O
agents	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
human	B-DISO
monkeypox	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
investigated	O
whether	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
),	O
called	O
""""	O
New	O
Haven	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
""""	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	O
NH	O
)--	O
which	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
and	O
likely	O
represents	O
the	O
same	O
species	B-SPEC
as	O
another	O
novel	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
--	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
Kawasaki	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
KD	O
)	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

The	O
intracellular	B-COMP
effects	O
of	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
are	O
addressed	O
in	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
Listeria	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
a	O
further	O
review	O
outlines	O
recent	O
advances	O
in	O
our	O
knowledge	O
of	O
syphilis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
among	O
fowls	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
occurred	O
since	O
2004	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
fatal	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
infected	O
with	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
are	O
detected	O
in	O
Viet	O
Nam	O
,	O
Thailand	O
,	O
Cambodia	O
and	O
Indonesia	O
.	O

The	O
control	O
and	O
simvastatin	B-CHED
groups	O
had	O
similar	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
and	O
similar	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
cytokines	O
(	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
P	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
selectin	I-PRGE
at	O
all	O
measurements	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
P	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
selectin	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
).	O

Pretreatment	O
with	O
simvastatin	B-CHED
reduces	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
induced	O
by	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
I	O
/	O
R	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

L	O
-	O
SIGN	O
,	O
encoded	O
by	O
CLEC4M	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
CD209L	O
),	O
is	O
a	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
receptor	I-PRGE
that	O
has	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
in	O
its	O
extracellular	B-COMP
neck	B-ANAT
region	I-ANAT
encoded	O
by	O
the	O
tandem	O
repeat	O
domain	O
in	O
exon	O
4	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
cells	B-COMP
heterozygous	O
for	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SIGN	I-PRGE
,	O
cells	B-COMP
homozygous	O
for	O
L	O
-	O
SIGN	O
show	O
higher	O
binding	B-FUNC
capacity	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
higher	O
proteasome	B-PATH
-	O
dependent	O
viral	O
degradation	O
and	O
a	O
lower	O
capacity	O
for	O
trans	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
we	O
summarized	O
the	O
results	O
from	O
an	O
epidemiological	O
investigation	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
in	O
Tianjin	O
,	O
between	O
April	O
and	O
May	O
2003	O
.	O

We	O
collected	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
data	O
on	O
111	O
suspect	O
and	O
probable	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

The	O
outbreak	O
was	O
single	O
sourced	O
and	O
had	O
eight	O
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

All	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
were	O
traced	O
to	O
a	O
single	O
patient	O
who	O
directly	O
infected	O
33	O
people	O
.	O

Since	O
the	O
driving	O
force	O
is	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
a	O
roller	O
pump	O
with	O
its	O
negative	O
side	O
effects	O
is	O
not	O
needed	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
prospective	O
study	O
of	O
symptomatic	O
(	O
case	O
subjects	O
with	O
ARTI	O
)	O
and	O
asymptomatic	O
(	O
control	O
subjects	O
undergoing	O
elective	O
surgery	O
)	O
children	O
,	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
3	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
Canada	O
during	O
2	O
winter	O
seasons	O
(	O
2001	O
-	O
2003	O
),	O
to	O
look	O
at	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

HCoV	O
-	O
NL	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
from	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
of	O
young	O
children	O
(	O
12	O
of	O
396	O
children	O
)	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARTI	O
(	O
case	O
subjects	O
),	O
compared	O
with	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
asymptomatic	O
control	O
subjects	O
(	O
3	O
of	O
177	O
children	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
).	O

Variability	O
was	O
more	O
pronounced	O
for	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
,	O
with	O
2	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
strains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
History	O
and	O
recent	O
advances	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
discovery	O
.	O

NL63	O
,	O
representing	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
newly	O
identified	O
group	O
I	O
coronaviruses	O
that	O
includes	O
NL	O
and	O
the	O
New	O
Haven	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
worldwide	O
.	O

These	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
associated	O
with	O
both	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
disease	O
and	O
are	O
likely	O
common	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
7a	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
inhibits	O
cellular	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
activates	O
p38	O
mitogen	B-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
activated	I-ENZY
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-ENZY
.	O

The	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
translation	B-PROC
and	O
other	O
cellular	B-COMP
processes	O
of	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
a	O
stress	B-PATH
response	I-PATH
in	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
HR2	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
region	O
immediately	O
upstream	O
of	O
the	O
HR2	O
of	O
the	O
S	O
protein	O
neutralize	O
in	O
vitro	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
nucleoprotein	O
and	O
RNA	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
and	O
ISH	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
primarily	O
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
,	O
less	O
frequently	O
,	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
alveolar	I-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
is	O
the	O
chief	O
target	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
with	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
infected	O
subsequently	O
.	O

Many	O
homologous	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
separated	O
a	O
very	O
long	O
time	O
ago	O
in	O
their	O
evolutionary	O
history	O
and	O
thus	O
their	O
sequences	O
share	O
low	O
sequence	O
identity	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
and	O
levels	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
cytokines	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Serial	O
plasma	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
including	O
interleukin	O
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
1beta	O
(	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
),	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
of	O
preserved	O
serum	B-COMP
were	O
measured	O
by	O
enzyme	O
immunoassay	O
.	O

The	O
8	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
tended	O
to	O
have	O
higher	O
peak	O
levels	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
TNF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
compared	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
survived	O
(	O
14	O
vs	O
9	O
.	O
1	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
).	O

The	O
timing	O
of	O
elevations	O
in	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
CRP	B-PRGE
is	O
correlated	O
with	O
progression	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Atypical	O
pathogens	O
accounted	O
for	O
40	O
%	O
of	O
CAP	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
indicates	O
that	O
penicillin	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
play	O
a	O
very	O
limited	O
role	O
in	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
in	O
adults	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
were	O
the	O
3	O
leading	O
causes	O
of	O
mild	O
to	O
moderate	O
CAP	B-DISO
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
20	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
,	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
found	O
to	O
descend	O
gradually	O
and	O
slowly	O
during	O
2	O
years	O
after	O
convalescence	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
first	O
re	O
-	O
examination	O
,	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
abnormal	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
was	O
65	O
%,	O
and	O
the	O
main	O
abnormal	O
images	O
included	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
,	O
thickening	O
of	O
inter	O
-	O
lobular	O
and	O
intra	O
-	O
lobular	O
septa	O
,	O
distorted	O
lobular	O
structure	O
,	O
thickened	O
bronchovascular	O
bundles	O
,	O
thickened	O
pleura	B-ANAT
,	O
arc	B-DISO
shadow	O
under	O
the	O
pleura	B-ANAT
,	O
bronchiolar	B-ANAT
dilation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
honey	O
comb	B-ANAT
like	O
shadows	O
.	O

The	O
rate	O
of	O
abnormal	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
was	O
30	O
%	O
at	O
the	O
4	O
fourth	O
examination	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
first	O
re	O
-	O
examination	O
,	O
the	O
abnormal	O
rate	O
of	O
KCO	O
was	O
highest	O
,	O
accompanied	O
by	O
abnormalities	O
of	O
forced	B-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
volume	I-PROC
in	O
1	O
second	O
(	O
FEV1	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
diffusing	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
for	O
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
(	O
DLCO	O
),	O
and	O
it	O
began	O
to	O
recover	B-PROC
since	O
the	O
third	O
examination	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
first	O
re	O
-	O
examination	O
,	O
the	O
abnormal	O
rate	O
of	O
KCO	O
was	O
highest	O
,	O
accompanied	O
by	O
abnormalities	O
of	O
forced	B-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
volume	I-PROC
in	O
1	O
second	O
(	O
FEV1	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
diffusing	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
for	O
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
(	O
DLCO	O
),	O
and	O
it	O
began	O
to	O
recover	B-PROC
since	O
the	O
third	O
examination	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Correspondence	O
between	O
the	O
T	O
-	O
cell	O
epitope	B-CHED
responses	O
of	O
vaccine	O
immunogens	O
and	O
those	O
of	O
pathogen	O
antigens	B-CHED
is	O
critical	O
to	O
vaccine	O
efficacy	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
the	O
spectrum	O
of	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
three	O
different	O
forms	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
):	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
exogenous	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
GST	I-PRGE
)	O
with	O
Freund	O
'	O
s	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
DNA	O
encoding	O
unmodified	O
N	O
as	O
an	O
endogenous	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
pN	O
);	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
DNA	O
encoding	O
N	O
as	O
a	O
LAMP	O
-	O
1	O
chimera	B-DISO
targeted	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
lysosomal	B-PRGE
MHC	B-PROC
II	I-PRGE
compartment	B-ANAT
(	O
p	O
-	O
LAMP	O
-	O
N	O
).	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
the	O
profiles	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
were	O
distinctly	O
different	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Enveloped	O
animal	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
),	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
papillomavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
Marburg	O
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
are	O
major	O
public	O
health	O
concerns	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

Secomet	O
-	O
V	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
possibly	O
works	O
by	O
neutralizing	O
viral	O
infectivity	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
viral	O
attachment	O
.	O

The	O
anti	O
-	O
cytopathic	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
pyridine	B-CHED
N	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
derivatives	O
was	O
monitored	O
by	O
spectrophotometric	O
analysis	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
three	O
groups	O
of	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
monkeys	I-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
with	O
different	O
doses	O
of	O
the	O
purified	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
1	O
and	O
2mug	O
/	O
time	O
/	O
monkey	B-SPEC
)	O
on	O
days	O
0	O
and	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
GZ	O
-	O
01	O
strain	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
mxA	B-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
88G	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
SNP	I-PRGE
might	O
be	O
confered	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
genetic	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Chinese	O
Han	O
population	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Safety	O
of	O
direct	O
administration	O
of	O
AAV2	B-SPEC
(	O
CU	O
)	O
hCLN2	O
,	O
a	O
candidate	O
treatment	O
for	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	B-DISO
system	I-ANAT
manifestations	O
of	O
late	B-DISO
infantile	I-DISO
neuronal	I-DISO
ceroid	I-DISO
lipofuscinosis	I-DISO
,	O
to	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
of	O
rats	B-SPEC
and	O
nonhuman	O
primates	B-SPEC
.	O

Fischer	O
344	O
rats	B-SPEC
were	O
injected	O
bilaterally	O
via	O
the	O
striatum	B-ANAT
with	O
2	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
particle	O
units	O
(	O
PU	O
)	O
of	O
AAV2	B-SPEC
(	O
CU	O
)	O
hCLN2	O
,	O
using	O
saline	O
as	O
a	O
control	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
resequencing	O
GeneChips	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
suggest	O
that	O
GeneChip	O
-	O
based	O
genome	O
characterization	O
is	O
fast	B-FUNC
and	O
reproducible	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Patients	O
with	O
immunodeficiencies	B-DISO
or	O
some	O
types	O
of	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
dependent	O
on	O
safe	O
therapy	O
with	O
intravenous	O
immunoglobulins	O
.	O

The	O
worst	O
-	O
case	O
scenario	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
transmissible	O
,	O
small	O
,	O
nonenveloped	O
virus	O
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
donor	B-CHED
population	O
.	O

Specific	O
best	O
-	O
fit	B-DISO
mediators	O
or	O
mediator	O
pairs	O
varied	O
with	O
aspirate	B-ANAT
type	O
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
type	O
,	O
and	O
time	O
of	O
injury	O
.	O

Although	O
introduced	O
as	O
weaning	B-PROC
techniques	O
,	O
partial	O
ventilator	O
support	O
modes	O
have	O
become	O
standard	O
techniques	O
for	O
primary	O
mechanical	O
ventilator	O
support	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
during	O
ventilator	O
support	O
counters	O
the	O
undesirable	O
cyclic	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
collapse	B-DISO
in	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Febrile	B-PROC
respiratory	O
illness	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
setting	O
:	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
perspective	O
.	O

The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
droplet	O
,	O
contact	O
and	O
occasionally	O
the	O
airborne	O
route	O
.	O

Experimental	O
studies	O
have	O
confirmed	O
that	O
distribution	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
ventilation	I-PROC
was	O
more	O
homogeneous	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
but	O
showed	O
that	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
affected	O
ventilation	O
distribution	O
differently	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
supine	O
position	O
.	O

Another	O
eight	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
clustered	O
in	O
genotype	O
IV	O
and	O
showed	O
larger	O
evolutionary	O
distances	O
.	O

Four	O
Chinese	O
IBV	O
isolates	O
formed	O
another	O
genotype	O
and	O
showed	O
larger	O
evolutionary	O
distances	O
from	O
other	O
Chinese	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotypes	O
(	O
genotype	O
VII	O
).	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
IBVs	O
in	O
China	O
came	O
from	O
genetic	O
changes	O
both	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
populations	O
that	O
existed	O
before	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
vaccination	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
introduced	O
through	O
live	O
vaccines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	O
five	O
-	O
membered	O
iminocyclitol	O
derivatives	O
as	O
selective	O
and	O
potent	O
glycosidase	B-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
:	O
new	O
structures	O
for	O
antivirals	O
and	O
osteoarthritis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Systematic	O
review	O
and	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
on	O
the	O
integrative	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
and	O
Western	O
medicine	B-CHED
in	O
treating	O
SARS	B-DISO
].	O

Electronic	O
and	O
manual	O
searches	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
identify	O
randomised	O
controlled	O
trials	O
(	O
RCTs	O
)	O
for	O
comparing	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
integrative	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
and	O
Western	O
medicine	B-CHED
versus	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
Western	O
medicine	B-CHED
alone	O
in	O
treating	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Results	O
of	O
Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
integrative	O
therapy	O
could	O
significantly	O
reduce	O
the	O
mortality	O
(	O
relative	O
risk	O
0	O
.	O
32	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
12	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
91	O
])	O
and	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
fungal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
hormone	B-CHED
(	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
)	O
therapy	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
35	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
14	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
90	O
),	O
shorten	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
weighted	O
mean	O
difference	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
83	O
day	O
;	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
30	O
-	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
35	O
)	O
and	O
symptom	B-DISO
relieving	O
time	O
(-	O
1	O
.	O
23	O
;	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
09	O
-	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
37	O
),	O
reduce	O
the	O
persistent	O
time	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
abnormalities	O
(-	O
2	O
.	O
61	O
;	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
74	O
-	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
49	O
).	O

ZCURVE_V	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
well	O
-	O
studied	O
genomes	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
HBV	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Accordingly	O
,	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
ZCURVE_V	O
is	O
generally	O
better	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
GeneMark	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sixteen	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
isolates	O
were	O
recovered	O
from	O
broilers	O
and	O
layers	B-ANAT
from	O
five	O
geographic	O
poultry	O
regions	O
in	O
Colombia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Vaccination	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
aimed	O
to	O
protect	O
against	O
clinical	O
IB	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
question	O
is	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
whether	O
vaccinated	O
birds	B-SPEC
are	O
also	O
protected	O
against	O
predisposure	O
for	O
colibacillosis	B-DISO
after	O
a	O
subsequent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Using	O
that	O
test	O
at	O
the	O
Poultry	O
Diagnostic	O
and	O
Research	O
Center	O
(	O
PDRC	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Georgia	O
,	O
Athens	O
,	O
GA	O
),	O
we	O
have	O
identified	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
1523	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
11	O
yr	O
.	O

By	O
far	O
,	O
the	O
Ark	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DPI	I-PRGE
strain	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
identified	O
type	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
ranged	O
from	O
23	O
%	O
to	O
65	O
%	O
of	O
total	O
isolations	O
per	O
year	O
.	O

The	O
Florida	O
,	O
Gray	O
,	O
Holte	O
,	O
Iowa	O
,	O
and	O
JMK	O
types	O
were	O
not	O
detected	O
during	O
the	O
11	O
-	O
yr	O
period	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
foreign	O
virus	B-SPEC
types	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
problem	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
difficulty	O
of	O
planning	O
clinical	O
studies	O
capable	O
of	O
giving	O
hard	O
statistically	O
significant	O
answers	O
regarding	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
proposed	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
previously	O
tested	O
in	O
experimental	O
settings	O
.	O

Another	O
great	O
problem	O
is	O
prevention	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
pancreatic	B-DISO
necrosis	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
study	O
named	O
PROPATRIA	O
(	O
Probiotic	O
Prophylaxis	O
in	O
Patients	O
with	O
Predicted	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Pancreatitis	I-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
planned	O
to	O
give	O
a	O
more	O
robust	O
confirmation	O
to	O
the	O
previous	O
study	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Ultrastructural	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
of	O
human	B-ANAT
embryo	I-ANAT
lung	B-ANAT
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
reproduction	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	O
HCoV	O
/	O
SPb	B-COMP
/	O
01	O
/	O
03	O
].	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
some	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
including	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
readily	O
adapt	O
to	O
growth	B-PROC
in	O
cells	B-COMP
from	O
heterologous	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
is	O
usually	O
initiated	O
after	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
rodent	B-SPEC
excreta	O
containing	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
,	O
but	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
has	O
been	O
documented	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
hantavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
may	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
or	O
prodrome	B-DISO
phase	O
of	O
disease	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
serving	O
as	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
involved	O
in	O
transmission	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
C1347F	O
/	O
C1348S	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
relatively	O
low	O
specific	O
infectivities	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
virions	B-COMP
secreted	B-PROC
from	O
2	O
-	O
BP	O
-	O
treated	O
cultures	O
.	O

Our	O
collective	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
palmitate	B-CHED
adducts	O
on	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
necessary	O
in	O
assembly	O
and	O
also	O
in	O
positioning	O
the	O
assembled	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
for	O
maximal	O
infectivity	O
.	O

Examination	O
of	O
the	O
oligomeric	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
chimeric	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
SARSpp	O
revealed	O
that	O
S	O
(	O
VSV	O
-	O
TMDCyt	O
)	O
trimers	O
were	O
less	O
stable	O
than	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
S	O
trimers	O
,	O
possibly	O
explaining	O
the	O
lowered	O
fusogenicity	O
and	O
infectivity	O
.	O

Despite	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
control	O
of	O
acute	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
host	B-COMP
regulatory	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
probably	O
designed	O
to	O
protect	O
CNS	B-CHED
integrity	O
,	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
failure	O
to	O
eliminate	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
two	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
separately	O
verified	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
,	O
purified	O
by	O
nickel	B-CHED
-	O
affinity	O
chromatography	O
,	O
and	O
incubated	O
with	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
a	O
susceptible	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
for	O
cell	B-COMP
binding	B-FUNC
assay	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
lithium	B-CHED
intoxication	O
is	O
a	O
frequent	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
chronic	O
lithium	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

A	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	O
lithium	B-CHED
toxicity	O
was	O
made	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
telemetry	O
unit	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
ninety	O
-	O
seven	O
children	O
,	O
aged	O
4	O
to	O
8	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
parents	O
were	O
recruited	O
from	O
the	O
pediatric	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
of	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
center	O
.	O

Two	O
sets	O
of	O
4	O
photographs	O
-	O
the	O
same	O
man	B-CHED
in	O
formal	B-CHED
attire	O
,	O
a	O
white	O
coat	B-ANAT
,	O
greens	O
,	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
standard	O
precautions	O
attire	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
same	O
woman	O
in	O
formal	B-CHED
attire	O
,	O
a	O
white	O
coat	B-ANAT
,	O
greens	O
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
standard	O
precautions	O
attire	O
-	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
the	O
children	O
and	O
their	O
caregiver	O
.	O

The	O
children	O
selected	O
the	O
physician	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
standard	O
precautions	O
attire	O
as	O
most	O
liked	O
17	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
and	O
least	O
liked	O
53	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
.	O

Physicians	O
wearing	O
standard	O
precautions	O
attire	O
while	O
working	O
in	O
the	O
pediatric	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
aware	O
that	O
this	O
attire	O
may	O
negatively	O
impact	O
their	O
relationship	O
with	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
4	O
to	O
8	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

Coinfections	B-DISO
and	O
sequential	O
infections	B-DISO
by	O
HCMV	O
and	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
significantly	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
rejection	O
and	O
steroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
When	O
is	O
quarantine	O
a	O
useful	O
control	O
strategy	O
for	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
?	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
older	O
adults	O
.	O

Presently	O
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
H3N2	B-CHED
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
are	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
identified	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
in	O
older	O
adults	O
with	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
effect	O
of	O
fostering	O
on	O
the	O
genetic	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
locomotor	O
sensitivity	O
to	O
alcohol	O
.	O

At	O
approximately	O
50	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
the	O
offspring	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
locomotor	O
behavior	O
after	O
intraperitoneal	O
administration	O
of	O
ethanol	B-CHED
or	O
normal	O
saline	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
statistically	O
significant	O
effects	O
of	O
embryo	O
transfer	O
on	O
the	O
ethanol	B-CHED
phenotype	O
(	O
ethanol	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
locomotor	O
depression	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
discovered	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
studied	O
the	O
longitudinal	O
profile	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
evaluated	O
the	O
clinical	O
significance	O
of	O
these	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
18	O
patients	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
profiles	O
were	O
investigated	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
neutralization	O
tests	O
were	O
performed	O
from	O
7	O
to	O
720	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
get	O
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
for	O
ELISA	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
stimulation	O
assay	O
,	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
purified	O
from	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

Using	O
surface	O
-	O
enhanced	O
laser	B-SPEC
desorption	O
/	O
ionization	O
(	O
SELDI	O
)	O
ProteinChip	O
technology	O
,	O
we	O
profiled	O
and	O
compared	O
serum	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
39	O
patients	O
with	O
early	O
-	O
stage	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
and	O
39	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
were	O
suspected	O
cases	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
period	O
.	O

Immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
light	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
(	O
m	O
/	O
z	O
24	O
505	O
)	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
viral	O
load	O
.	O

SD	O
)	O
of	O
RNA	O
per	O
milliliter	O
in	O
the	O
NPS	B-DISO
and	O
had	O
detectable	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

227	O
copies	O
of	O
RNA	O
per	O
milliliter	O
;	O
antibodies	B-COMP
developed	O
in	O
none	O
of	O
these	O
25	O
HCWs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Underuse	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
:	O
analysis	O
of	O
potential	O
factors	O
to	O
explain	O
physician	O
behavior	O
.	O

After	O
the	O
one	O
-	O
day	O
group	O
debriefing	O
,	O
participants	O
showed	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
depression	O
level	O
,	O
as	O
measured	O
by	O
Brief	O
Symptom	B-DISO
Inventory	O
(	O
Derogatis	O
&	O
Melisaratos	O
,	O
1983	O
,	O
Psychological	B-DISO
Medicine	B-CHED
,	O
13	O
(	O
3	O
),	O
595	O
-	O
605	O
)	O
and	O
changes	O
in	O
cognitive	O
appraisal	O
towards	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Delivery	O
of	O
a	O
vaccine	O
to	O
a	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
surface	O
optimizes	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

Molecular	O
approaches	O
can	O
serve	O
to	O
boost	O
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
and	O
target	O
the	O
expressed	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
for	O
appropriate	O
post	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
translational	I-PROC
modification	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
ectodomain	O
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
from	O
the	O
convalescent	O
-	O
phase	O
plasma	B-ANAT
readily	O
recognized	O
and	O
induced	O
destruction	O
of	O
3a	O
-	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
complement	I-PRGE
system	I-PRGE
,	O
demonstrating	O
their	O
potential	O
ability	O
to	O
provide	O
immune	O
protection	O
by	O
recognizing	O
and	O
eliminating	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
express	O
the	O
target	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
N	O
terminus	O
of	O
the	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
highly	O
immunogenic	O
and	O
elicits	O
potentially	O
protective	O
humoral	O
responses	O
in	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
now	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
effective	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
will	O
be	O
crucial	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
future	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
RNA	B-PROC
interference	I-PROC
has	O
been	O
successfully	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
more	O
specific	O
and	O
efficient	O
method	O
for	O
gene	B-PROC
silencing	I-PROC
.	O

This	O
review	O
provides	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
current	O
information	O
on	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
in	O
viral	O
therapeutics	O
,	O
with	O
particular	O
reference	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Intubation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
:	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
perspectives	O
of	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
.	O

Nine	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
interviewed	O
HCWs	O
who	O
intubated	O
patients	O
contracted	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
forgotten	O
that	O
a	O
radiograph	O
is	O
2	O
-	O
dimensional	O
and	O
a	O
single	O
image	O
of	O
a	O
catheter	O
tip	O
can	O
correspond	O
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
locations	O
(	O
superior	O
vena	O
cava	O
,	O
vena	B-ANAT
innominata	O
,	O
extravascular	O
location	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
).	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
possible	O
effectiveness	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
Chinese	O
herbs	O
combined	O
with	O
Western	O
medicines	O
versus	O
Western	O
medicines	O
alone	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Four	O
herbs	O
may	O
decrease	O
the	O
dosage	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

It	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
Chinese	O
herbs	O
combined	O
with	O
Western	O
medicines	O
may	O
improve	O
symptoms	O
,	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
infiltrate	B-DISO
absorption	O
and	O
decrease	O
the	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
dosage	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Irrespective	O
of	O
Ag	O
deprivation	O
,	O
CNS	B-CHED
retention	B-PROC
of	O
ASC	O
coincided	O
with	O
elevated	O
BAFF	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
ongoing	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
class	B-SPEC
II	O
+	O
to	O
class	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CD138	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD19	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
plasmablasts	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fibrinogen	B-ANAT
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
2	I-PRGE
fibroleukin	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
and	O
its	O
correlation	O
with	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
in	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
type	O
3	O
-	O
induced	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
and	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
B	I-DISO
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
fibrinogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
2	I-PRGE
(	O
fgl2	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
its	O
correlation	O
with	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
in	O
both	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
immunomodulating	O
effects	O
of	O
an	O
innovative	O
TCM	O
regimen	O
derived	O
from	O
two	O
herbal	O
formulas	O
(	O
Sang	O
Ju	O
Yin	O
and	O
Yu	B-PRGE
Ping	I-PRGE
Feng	I-PRGE
San	I-PRGE
)	O
for	O
treating	O
febrile	B-PROC
diseases	O
.	O

Two	O
volunteers	O
withdrew	O
on	O
day	O
2	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
headache	B-DISO
and	O
dizziness	B-DISO
.	O

Among	O
five	O
medicinal	O
herbs	O
prescribed	O
in	O
that	O
formula	O
,	O
Herba	O
Patriniae	O
,	O
Radix	B-SPEC
Astragali	O
and	O
Radix	B-SPEC
Glycyrrhizae	O
played	O
important	O
roles	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
immediate	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
impact	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
on	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
visits	O
and	O
hospital	O
expenditures	O
for	O
these	O
visits	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
thoroughly	O
investigated	O
.	O

Common	O
laboratory	O
features	O
included	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
and	O
elevated	O
aspartate	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
,	O
alanine	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
,	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
,	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
values	O
.	O

A	O
scoring	O
system	O
which	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
differentiate	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
from	O
other	O
febrile	B-PROC
patients	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
room	O
could	O
differentiate	O
probable	O
cases	O
from	O
excluded	O
cases	O
with	O
a	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
36	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
and	O
a	O
specificity	O
of	O
70	O
.	O
6	O
%.	O

A	O
major	O
problem	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
against	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
therapeutic	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
is	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
'	O
heterogeneity	O
and	O
mutability	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
epidemic	O
,	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
mandatorily	O
wore	O
the	O
protective	O
N95	O
face	B-DISO
-	O
mask	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
after	O
renal	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
was	O
usually	O
associated	O
with	O
overimmunosuppression	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

Immunosuppressants	O
were	O
adjusted	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
CD8	B-ANAT
+	I-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Using	O
a	O
newly	O
established	O
human	B-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
we	O
detected	O
glycosylated	O
and	O
nonglycosylated	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
M	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
in	O
purified	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

Recombinant	O
M	O
was	O
transported	O
to	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
and	O
gained	O
complex	O
-	O
type	O
N	O
-	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
New	O
pathogens	O
and	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
forms	O
of	O
older	O
pathogens	O
continue	O
to	O
emerge	O
,	O
some	O
with	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
rapid	O
,	O
global	O
spread	O
and	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

To	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
other	O
report	O
to	O
date	O
about	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
this	O
new	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
6	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
135	O
nasal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
and	O
in	O
2	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
6	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
;	O
the	O
positive	O
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
6	O
patients	O
(	O
5	O
children	O
and	O
1	O
adult	O
).	O

HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
respiratory	O
and	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
in	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
other	O
than	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
of	O
these	O
6	O
patients	O
was	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
3	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
for	O
acute	O
enteric	O
disease	O
resulting	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
dehydration	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
upper	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
;	O
1	O
had	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
otitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
febrile	B-DISO
seizure	I-DISO
;	O
1	O
had	O
a	O
sample	O
obtained	O
to	O
investigate	O
failure	B-DISO
to	I-DISO
thrive	I-DISO
;	O
and	O
1	O
had	O
a	O
sample	O
obtained	O
for	O
exploration	O
of	O
X	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
linked	I-DISO
agammaglobulinemia	I-DISO
and	O
hyperleucocytosis	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
work	O
reported	O
here	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
sensitive	O
method	O
for	O
typing	O
isolates	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
if	O
possible	O
directly	O
from	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
infected	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Absolute	O
and	O
mass	O
related	O
peak	O
V	O
o	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
patient	O
group	O
remained	O
impaired	B-DISO
at	O
15	O
months	O
despite	O
normalisation	O
of	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
in	O
all	O
patients	O
.	O

From	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
61	O
healthy	O
fox	O
feces	B-ANAT
,	O
43	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
type	O
II	O
and	O
29	O
for	O
type	O
I	O
CCV	B-DISO
,	O
out	O
of	O
which	O
25	O
were	O
simultaneously	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
two	O
different	O
genotypes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
practical	O
and	O
convenient	O
methodology	O
for	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
chiral	O
cyclopentenol	O
derivative	O
(+)-	O
12a	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
as	O
the	O
key	O
intermediate	O
that	O
was	O
utilized	O
for	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
biologically	O
active	O
carbocyclic	O
nucleosides	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
and	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
during	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Cardiovascular	B-ANAT
profiles	O
remained	O
stable	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
inhaled	B-PROC
CHX	O
solution	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
odds	O
ratio	O
for	O
contracting	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
among	O
persons	O
with	O
either	O
a	O
homozygous	O
or	O
a	O
heterozygous	O
Cw	O
*	O
0801	O
genotype	O
was	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
to	O
12	O
.	O
9	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
).	O

Only	O
by	O
the	O
combined	O
efforts	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
Respiratory	O
Society	O
(	O
ERS	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
American	O
Thoracic	B-DISO
Society	O
(	O
ATS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
has	O
been	O
possible	O
to	O
standardize	O
the	O
formerly	O
different	O
European	O
and	O
Northern	O
American	O
nomenclature	O
of	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
alveolitis	B-DISO
versus	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
adults	O
and	O
to	O
clearly	O
and	O
unambiguously	O
define	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
status	O
of	O
p90RSK	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
substrate	O
of	O
these	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
Thr573	O
was	O
not	O
upregulated	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Ser220	O
was	O
constitutively	O
phosphorylated	O
despite	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
we	O
explore	O
the	O
biotrauma	O
hypothesis	O
,	O
the	O
causal	O
relationship	O
between	O
biophysical	O
injury	O
and	O
organ	O
failure	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
therapy	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Serum	B-COMP
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
178	O
shot	O
wild	O
boars	O
(	O
Sus	B-SPEC
scrofa	I-SPEC
)	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
classical	B-SPEC
swine	I-SPEC
fever	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Aujeszky	B-SPEC
'	I-SPEC
s	I-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
ADV	O
),	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PRCV	O
),	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
swine	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
parvovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
PPV	B-CHED
),	O
swine	B-DISO
vesicular	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
Actinobacillus	B-SPEC
pleuropneumoniae	I-SPEC
(	O
APP	B-CHED
),	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
hyopneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
Brucella	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

For	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
unit	O
nurses	O
,	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
mood	O
ratings	O
,	O
insomnia	B-DISO
rate	O
and	O
perceived	O
negative	O
feelings	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
increasing	O
knowledge	O
and	O
understanding	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
(	O
all	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
indicated	O
that	O
a	O
gradual	O
psychological	B-DISO
adaptation	B-PROC
had	O
occurred	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
psychological	B-DISO
impact	O
on	O
the	O
caring	O
staffs	O
facing	O
future	O
bio	O
-	O
disaster	O
will	O
be	O
minimized	O
with	O
lowered	O
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
a	O
safer	O
and	O
more	O
structured	O
work	O
environment	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
complications	O
including	O
hypotension	O
and	O
tachycardia	O
were	O
common	O
but	O
usually	O
self	O
limiting	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
has	O
caused	O
an	O
outbreak	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
during	O
2003	O
and	O
2004	O
,	O
with	O
8098	O
individuals	O
being	O
infected	O
and	O
a	O
death	B-PROC
toll	O
of	O
774	O
in	O
28	O
regions	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

To	O
analyse	O
the	O
antigenicity	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
and	O
identify	O
potential	O
antigenic	O
epitopes	O
in	O
the	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Of	O
the	O
protease	O
and	O
entry	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
approved	O
for	O
treating	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
,	O
none	O
was	O
effective	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
although	O
in	O
vitro	O
activity	O
against	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
reported	O
for	O
the	O
protease	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
,	O
in	O
results	O
that	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
confirmed	O
in	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
studies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
from	O
psittacosis	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
bird	B-SPEC
-	O
keeper	O
].	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
As	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
efficiency	O
and	O
prognostic	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
test	O
is	O
critically	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
analytical	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
quantitative	O
performance	O
contributed	O
both	O
by	O
the	O
RNA	O
extraction	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
test	O
,	O
we	O
recommend	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
column	B-ANAT
-	O
based	O
manual	O
RNA	O
extraction	O
method	O
.	O

The	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
higher	O
stability	O
of	O
LightUp	O
probe	O
kits	O
compared	O
to	O
others	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
alternative	O
probe	O
technologies	O
,	O
is	O
partly	O
the	O
relatively	O
good	O
stability	O
of	O
cyanine	B-CHED
dyes	I-CHED
but	O
also	O
the	O
resistance	B-PROC
towards	O
nucleases	O
and	O
proteases	O
of	O
the	O
synthetic	O
DNA	O
analogue	O
peptide	B-CHED
nucleic	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
that	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
sequence	O
recognizing	O
element	O
in	O
LightUp	O
probes	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
FIC	O
-	O
symptom	B-DISO
and	O
FIC	O
-	O
disability	O
score	O
were	O
24	O
.	O
12	O
(	O
SD	O
+/-	O

Both	O
FIC	O
scales	B-ANAT
correlated	O
stronger	O
with	O
physical	O
component	O
summary	O
(	O
PCS	B-DISO
)	O
(-	O
0	O
.	O
41	O
and	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
55	O
)	O
than	O
with	O
mental	O
component	O
summary	O
(	O
MCS	B-COMP
)	O
(-	O
0	O
.	O
30	O
and	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
23	O
).	O

The	O
full	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
UTR	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
264nt	O
,	O
and	O
18	O
deletion	O
mutants	O
were	O
found	O
.	O

Ranked	O
by	O
the	O
luciferase	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
from	O
the	O
highest	O
to	O
the	O
lowest	O
,	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
is	O
A549	O
,	O
HepG2	O
,	O
ECV304	O
,	O
HeLa	B-ANAT
and	O
Vero	O
E6	O
.	O

A	O
:	O
The	O
5	O
'	O
UTR	O
sequences	O
of	O
different	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
are	O
relatively	O
conserved	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
full	O
sequence	O
would	O
form	O
a	O
secondary	O
structure	O
containing	O
four	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
domains	O
.	O

D	O
:	O
The	O
56th	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
its	O
down	O
stream	O
TRS	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
UTR	I-PRGE
plays	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
regulating	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
immunoadjuvant	B-CHED
effects	O
of	O
the	O
synbiotic	O
in	O
layer	B-ANAT
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
patients	O
were	O
evaluated	O
in	O
a	O
Toronto	O
,	O
Ontario	O
,	O
community	O
hospital	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
epicentre	O
for	O
the	O
second	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
are	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
,	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
-	O
utilizing	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
require	O
a	O
polymerase	O
template	O
switch	O
,	O
characterized	O
as	O
discontinuous	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
to	O
place	O
a	O
5	O
'-	O
terminal	O
genomic	O
leader	O
onto	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
(	O
sgmRNAs	O
).	O

The	O
conserved	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
resemblance	O
of	O
the	O
3a	O
protein	O
to	O
them	O
led	O
us	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
two	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
membrane	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

While	O
the	O
M	O
protein	B-CHED
acquired	O
cotranslationally	O
oligosaccharides	B-CHED
that	O
could	O
be	O
removed	O
by	O
PNGaseF	O
,	O
the	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
acquired	O
its	O
modifications	O
posttranslationally	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
sensitive	O
to	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
glycosidase	O
enzyme	O
.	O

Well	O
-	O
described	O
receptor	O
-	O
mediated	O
signaling	B-PROC
events	O
result	O
in	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
sensitive	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
,	O
effectors	O
of	O
this	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
evidence	O
for	O
the	O
contribution	O
of	O
two	O
kinases	O
,	O
the	O
MAP	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
p38MAPK	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
protein	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
(	O
PKC	B-DISO
)	O
delta	O
to	O
antiviral	B-CHED
protection	O
from	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Within	O
72	O
hours	O
,	O
the	O
puppy	O
began	O
to	O
vomit	B-DISO
,	O
had	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
veterinary	O
clinic	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
was	O
placed	O
on	O
IV	O
fluids	B-ANAT
.	O

There	O
was	O
moderate	O
depletion	O
and	O
necrosis	B-PROC
of	O
lymphoid	O
follicles	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
high	O
proportion	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
FCoV	O
had	O
relatively	O
high	O
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
therefore	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
shedding	O
FCoV	O
in	O
faeces	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
whole	O
killed	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
WKV	O
)	O
vaccine	O
given	O
subcutaneously	O
to	O
129S6	O
/	O
SvEv	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
more	O
effective	O
than	O
the	O
Ad	O
S	O
/	O
N	O
vaccine	O
administered	O
either	O
intranasally	O
or	O
intramuscularly	O
in	O
inhibiting	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
Ad	O
S	O
/	O
N	O
administered	O
intranasally	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
intramuscularly	O
,	O
significantly	O
limited	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

By	O
using	O
an	O
antiserum	O
raised	O
against	O
the	O
pp1a	B-PRGE
/	O
pp1ab	O
residues	O
526	O
-	O
713	O
,	O
the	O
upstream	O
processing	O
product	O
,	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
,	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
an	O
85	O
kDa	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
catalysis	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
is	O
under	O
extensive	O
regulation	B-PROC
by	O
its	O
extra	O
domain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
roles	O
for	O
CXCR3	B-PRGE
in	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
trafficking	B-PROC
following	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
CNS	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
infiltrating	B-DISO
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
following	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
express	O
CXCR3	B-PRGE
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
method	O
provides	O
a	O
good	O
estimate	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
in	O
the	O
latter	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characteristics	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
active	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	B-PATH
requiring	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
describe	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cytokine	O
regulation	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
compared	O
to	O
other	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
RSV	B-SPEC
induced	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
RANTES	O
compared	O
with	O
FluAV	O
and	O
hPIV2	O
.	O

Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
4	O
and	O
9	O
,	O
which	O
correlate	O
with	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
response	O
,	O
were	O
upregulated	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Absence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
asymptomatic	O
contacts	O
of	O
index	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
in	O
France	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
support	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
definition	O
that	O
is	O
essentially	O
based	O
on	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
assessment	O
,	O
should	O
SARS	B-DISO
re	O
-	O
emerge	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
restaurant	O
from	O
palm	B-ANAT
civet	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
6	O
palm	B-ANAT
civets	B-SPEC
at	O
the	O
restaurant	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
at	O
the	O
restaurant	O
were	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
recent	O
interspecies	O
transfer	O
from	O
the	O
putative	O
palm	B-ANAT
civet	B-SPEC
reservoir	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
continued	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

Higher	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
viral	O
load	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
patients	O
living	O
in	O
adjacent	O
units	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
block	O
inhabited	O
by	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
,	O
while	O
a	O
lower	O
but	O
detectable	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
viral	O
load	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
patients	O
living	O
further	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
paediatric	O
patients	O
was	O
eventually	O
diagnosed	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
major	O
nursing	B-PROC
care	O
issue	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
paediatric	O
patients	O
was	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
careful	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
attending	O
to	O
patients	O
'	O
physical	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
needs	O
and	O
adhering	O
to	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
guidelines	O
,	O
while	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
offering	O
psychological	B-DISO
support	O
to	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
.	O

In	O
days	O
with	O
a	O
lower	O
air	B-CHED
temperature	O
during	O
the	O
epidemic	O
,	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
increased	O
daily	O
incidence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
18	O
.	O
18	O
-	O
fold	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
58	O
.	O
8	O
)	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
days	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
temperature	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
transmission	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
dependent	O
on	O
seasonal	O
temperature	O
changes	O
and	O
the	O
multiplicative	O
effect	O
of	O
hospital	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
means	O
of	O
povidone	B-CHED
-	O
iodine	B-CHED
,	O
physical	O
conditions	O
and	O
chemical	O
reagents	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
efficacy	O
of	O
several	O
povidone	B-CHED
-	O
iodine	B-CHED
(	O
PVP	B-CHED
-	O
I	O
)	O
products	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
chemical	O
agents	O
and	O
various	O
physical	O
conditions	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
inactivate	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Fixation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
a	O
fixative	B-CHED
including	O
formalin	B-CHED
,	O
glutaraldehyde	B-CHED
,	O
methanol	B-CHED
and	O
acetone	B-CHED
for	O
5	O
min	O
or	O
longer	O
eliminated	O
all	O
infectivity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Noncytopathic	O
viruses	O
use	O
multiple	O
strategies	O
to	O
evade	O
immune	O
detection	O
,	O
challenging	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
vaccine	O
induced	O
CTL	B-ANAT
in	O
preventing	O
microbial	O
persistence	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
primary	O
effectors	O
,	O
reactivated	O
memory	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
persisted	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
at	O
higher	O
frequencies	O
and	O
retained	O
ex	O
vivo	O
cytolytic	O
activity	O
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
despite	O
earlier	O
and	O
prolonged	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
control	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
of	O
vaccinated	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
ultimately	O
reactivated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
examined	O
whether	O
social	O
capital	O
can	O
enhance	O
an	O
individual	O
'	O
s	O
ability	O
in	O
reducing	O
emotional	O
exhaustion	O
and	O
job	O
tension	B-DISO
when	O
medical	O
professionals	O
encounter	O
a	O
crisis	O
such	O
as	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
threat	O
and	O
preparedness	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
can	O
be	O
isolated	O
in	O
several	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
commonly	O
used	O
for	O
diagnostic	O
or	O
research	O
purposes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coordinated	O
response	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
Vancouver	O
,	O
Canada	O
.	O

In	O
animal	B-SPEC
immunogenicity	O
studies	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
most	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
rN	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
IgG2a	B-COMP
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
rN	O
emulsified	O
in	O
Montanide	O
ISA	B-SPEC
-	O
51	O
containing	O
the	O
synthetic	O
oligodeoxynucleotide	O
,	O
CpG	O
.	O
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
rN	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
rN	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
PBS	B-DISO
were	O
found	O
to	O
mainly	O
be	O
IgG1	B-COMP
.	O

Our	O
current	O
results	O
together	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
others	O
suggest	O
that	O
some	O
immunodominant	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
are	O
conserved	O
in	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
,	O
monkey	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Side	O
effects	O
of	O
interferon	O
-	O
ribavirin	O
combination	O
therapy	O
limit	O
the	O
sustained	O
viral	O
response	O
achievable	O
in	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCV	B-SPEC
)	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Exhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
as	O
a	O
marker	O
of	O
diseases	O
].	O

Clinical	O
application	O
of	O
exhaled	O
NO	O
measurement	O
include	O
monitoring	O
compliance	O
and	O
response	O
to	O
treatment	O
,	O
disease	O
activity	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
the	O
prediction	O
of	O
acute	O
exacerbations	O
.	O

Exhaled	B-PROC
NO	O
concentration	O
may	O
be	O
increased	O
also	O
in	O
other	O
diseases	O
,	O
as	O
COPD	B-DISO
,	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
and	O
some	O
connective	B-DISO
tissue	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
SLE	B-DISO
and	O
systemic	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
).	O

An	O
increased	O
NO	O
production	O
from	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
source	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
patients	O
with	O
liver	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
hepato	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
recombinant	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
vaccine	O
elicits	O
high	O
titers	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Both	O
antigens	B-CHED
in	O
each	O
formulation	O
elicited	O
a	O
strong	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
after	O
two	O
or	O
three	O
vaccinations	O
with	O
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
scoring	O
system	O
described	O
is	O
easily	O
applicable	O
and	O
highly	O
effective	O
in	O
screening	O
patients	O
during	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
737	O
patients	O
who	O
presented	O
to	O
our	O
ED	O
for	O
possible	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
March	O
to	O
June	O
2003	O
,	O
we	O
enrolled	O
484	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
temperature	O
>	O
38	O
.	O
0	O
degrees	O
C	O
(>	O
100	O
.	O
3	O
degrees	O
F	O
)	O
(	O
age	O
>	O
18	O
years	O
).	O

Specifically	O
,	O
the	O
median	O
Coronase	O
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
of	O
Siamese	O
,	O
Persians	O
,	O
Domestic	O
Shorthairs	O
and	O
Bengal	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
100	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
British	O
Shorthairs	O
,	O
Cornish	O
Rex	B-FUNC
and	O
Burmese	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
400	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0005	O
).	O

This	O
study	O
reinforces	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
interpreting	O
serological	O
tests	O
for	O
FCoV	O
in	O
both	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
patients	O
with	O
signs	O
compatible	O
with	O
FIR	B-SPEC
Unique	O
to	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
a	O
significant	O
relationship	O
between	O
breed	B-PROC
and	O
median	O
FCoV	O
antibody	B-COMP
titre	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
reinforces	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
interpreting	O
serological	O
tests	O
for	O
FCoV	O
in	O
both	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
patients	O
with	O
signs	O
compatible	O
with	O
FIR	B-SPEC
Unique	O
to	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
a	O
significant	O
relationship	O
between	O
breed	B-PROC
and	O
median	O
FCoV	O
antibody	B-COMP
titre	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
in	O
461	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
on	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
'	O
s	O
dosage	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
TCM	O
in	O
the	O
forepart	O
of	O
treatment	O
can	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
decreasing	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
'	O
s	O
dosage	O
.	O

CDV	B-CHED
1	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
was	O
given	O
three	O
times	O
per	O
week	O
intravenously	O
with	O
intravenous	O
hydration	O
and	O
oral	B-ANAT
probenecid	B-CHED
.	O

FECV	B-SPEC
is	O
more	O
similar	O
to	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
than	O
to	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

Over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
cloning	O
and	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
gene	O
,	O
a	O
mixed	O
population	O
of	O
clones	O
with	O
six	O
,	O
seven	O
,	O
eight	O
and	O
nine	O
T	O
stretches	B-DISO
located	O
14	O
nt	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
initiation	O
codon	O
was	O
found	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Modeling	O
the	O
early	O
events	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
of	O
a	O
variant	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Australia	O
that	O
further	O
illustrates	O
diversity	O
among	O
emerging	O
strains	O
.	O

The	O
rats	B-SPEC
received	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
60	O
,	O
120	O
,	O
and	O
600	O
microU	O
/	O
kg	O
insulin	B-PRGE
as	O
well	O
as	O
0	O
.	O
12	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
36	O
,	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
96	O
g	O
of	O
glucose	B-CHED
in	O
respective	O
groups	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
five	O
doctors	O
and	O
152	O
nurses	O
and	O
healthcare	O
assistants	O
who	O
worked	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
diverse	O
group	O
of	O
cytolytic	O
animal	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
encodes	O
small	O
,	O
hydrophobic	O
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
modify	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
permeability	O
to	O
ions	B-CHED
and	O
small	O
molecules	O
during	O
their	O
infection	B-DISO
cycles	O
.	O

Immunofluorescent	O
staining	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
fractionation	O
studies	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
an	O
integral	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Similar	O
to	O
other	O
class	B-SPEC
1	O
viral	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
regions	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
are	O
thought	O
to	O
undergo	O
conformational	O
changes	O
from	O
a	O
prefusion	O
form	O
to	O
a	O
subsequent	O
post	O
-	O
fusion	O
form	O
that	O
enables	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
a	O
post	O
-	O
fusion	O
form	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
,	O
which	O
consists	O
of	O
isolated	O
domains	O
of	O
heptad	O
repeats	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
(	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
),	O
has	O
been	O
determined	O
by	O
x	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystallography	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
work	O
we	O
present	O
the	O
NMR	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
HR2	O
domain	O
(	O
residues	O
1141	O
-	O
1193	O
)	O
from	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
termed	O
S2	O
-	O
HR2	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
co	O
-	O
solvent	B-CHED
trifluoroethanol	B-CHED
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
increased	O
viral	O
load	O
in	O
oligodendroglia	B-ANAT
did	O
not	O
affect	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
myelin	B-ANAT
loss	O
,	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
oligodendroglial	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
or	O
CNS	B-CHED
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
signaling	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
JHMV	O
replication	O
in	O
oligodendroglia	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
correlation	O
between	O
increased	O
oligodendroglial	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
suggests	O
a	O
complex	O
pathobiology	O
of	O
myelin	B-COMP
loss	O
in	O
which	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
oligodendroglia	B-ANAT
is	O
required	O
but	O
not	O
sufficient	O
.	O

22	O
-	O
44	O
and	O
351	O
-	O
357	O
)	O
artificially	O
linked	O
together	O
by	O
glycine	B-CHED
,	O
exhibited	O
a	O
potent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
with	O
IC50	O
of	O
about	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
microM	O
.	O
This	O
novel	O
peptide	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
promising	O
candidate	O
as	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
agent	O
against	O
this	O
deadly	O
emerging	O
pathogen	O
.	O

IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
15	I-FUNC
and	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
thus	O
appear	O
dispensable	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
immunity	B-PROC
and	O
CNS	B-CHED
pathogenesis	B-DISO
during	O
acute	O
JHMV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Aimed	O
at	O
generating	O
analogues	O
by	O
metabolic	B-PROC
engineering	O
,	O
the	O
valinomycin	B-CHED
biosynthetic	B-PROC
gene	O
cluster	O
has	O
been	O
cloned	O
from	O
Streptomyces	B-SPEC
tsusimaensis	I-SPEC
ATCC	O
15141	O
.	O

Studies	O
of	O
the	O
1918	O
pandemic	O
virus	B-SPEC
have	O
shown	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
direct	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
from	O
an	O
avian	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
So	O
far	O
,	O
most	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
treating	O
cancer	B-DISO
or	O
immunological	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
application	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
development	O
of	O
an	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
focus	O
on	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
vaccines	O
currently	O
under	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
discuss	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
elicited	O
by	O
these	O
vaccines	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
hopefully	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
what	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
do	O
next	O
to	O
fight	O
against	O
newly	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
human	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
a	O
conformational	O
epitope	B-CHED
shared	O
by	O
oligomeric	O
SARS	B-DISO
S1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
facts	O
that	O
scFv	B-PRGE
H12	I-PRGE
bound	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
under	O
non	O
-	O
reducing	O
conditions	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
monomeric	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
under	O
reducing	O
conditions	O
strongly	O
suggest	O
that	O
scFv	B-PRGE
H12	I-PRGE
recognizes	O
a	O
conformational	O
epitope	B-CHED
shared	O
by	O
oligomeric	O
S1	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
fusogenic	O
potential	O
of	O
Class	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
viral	B-COMP
envelope	I-COMP
glycoproteins	B-CHED
is	O
activated	O
by	O
proteloytic	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
precursor	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
to	O
generate	O
the	O
mature	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
fusion	O
subunits	O
.	O

The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
surface	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
that	O
mediates	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
receptor	O
and	O
the	O
subsequent	O
fusion	O
between	O
the	O
viral	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

Previous	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
noted	O
in	O
6	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
5	O
of	O
those	O
respiratory	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
case	O
of	O
gastrointestinal	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Prolonged	O
infusion	O
of	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
community	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
advances	O
in	O
antimicrobial	O
therapy	O
and	O
supportive	O
measures	O
,	O
mortality	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
remains	O
high	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
with	O
its	O
complications	O
.	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
Diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
was	O
universal	O
(	O
6	O
/	O
6	O
)	O
with	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
(	O
6	O
/	O
6	O
),	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
/	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
(	O
6	O
/	O
6	O
),	O
fibrin	B-DISO
deposition	I-DISO
(	O
6	O
/	O
6	O
),	O
pneumocyte	B-ANAT
desquamation	O
(	O
6	O
/	O
6	O
).	O

A	O
marked	O
disruption	O
in	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
immunostaining	O
for	O
the	O
epithelial	O
marker	O
AE1	O
/	O
AE3	O
(	O
6	O
/	O
6	O
).	O

The	O
correlation	O
of	O
preoperative	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
of	O
esophageal	B-DISO
cancer	I-DISO
to	O
postoperative	O
ARDS	B-DISO
has	O
seldom	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
diagnostics	O
using	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
protein	B-CHED
microarray	O
.	O

We	O
further	O
show	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
inactivated	O
,	O
and	O
fusion	O
was	O
unaffected	O
,	O
by	O
prior	O
exposure	O
to	O
pH	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
buffer	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
describes	O
the	O
assembly	O
of	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
cDNA	O
clone	O
of	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
HCoV	O
)-	O
OC43	O
in	O
a	O
bacterial	O
artificial	O
chromosome	B-COMP
(	O
BAC	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
novel	O
bifunctional	O
quinolonyl	O
diketo	O
acid	O
derivatives	O
were	O
designed	O
,	O
synthesized	O
,	O
and	O
tested	O
for	O
their	O
inhibitory	O
ability	O
against	O
HIV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
integrase	I-PRGE
.	O

Hypercapnia	B-DISO
was	O
promptly	O
and	O
markedly	O
reversed	O
by	O
iLA	O
within	O
2	O
hrs	B-DISO
(	O
Paco2	O
,	O
36	O
mm	O
Hg	O
[	O
30	O
-	O
44	O
])	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
before	O
(	O
60	O
mm	O
Hg	O
[	O
48	O
-	O
80	O
],	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
],	O
which	O
allowed	O
a	O
less	O
aggressive	B-DISO
ventilation	O
.	O

On	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
groups	O
,	O
independent	O
factors	O
related	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
:	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
group	O
,	O
older	O
age	O
,	O
co	O
-	O
morbidity	O
,	O
worse	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
score	O
,	O
worse	O
respiratory	O
status	O
at	O
Days	O
8	O
-	O
10	O
and	O
higher	O
admission	O
white	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
.	O

Patients	O
on	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
(	O
Group	O
HC	O
)	O
had	O
the	O
highest	O
positive	O
culture	O
rates	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
ICG	B-COMP
-	O
PDR	B-DISO
does	O
reflect	O
ICG	B-COMP
blood	B-ANAT
clearance	O
with	O
sufficient	O
accuracy	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
surrogate	O
.	O

To	O
obtain	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
surface	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
library	O
panning	O
procedure	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
purified	O
SARS	B-DISO
virions	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
specific	O
Fab	B-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
clones	O
were	O
enriched	O
by	O
four	O
rounds	O
of	O
repeated	O
panning	O
procedure	O
and	O
screened	O
by	O
highthroughput	O
selection	O
.	O

Most	O
of	O
these	O
were	O
identified	O
to	O
recognize	O
both	O
natural	O
and	O
recombinant	O
SARS	B-DISO
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
two	O
Fab	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
were	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
only	O
one	O
bound	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	I-PRGE
membrane	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
able	O
to	O
elicite	O
efficient	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

COX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
mutations	I-PRGE
suggested	O
that	O
activation	O
of	O
COX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
transcription	B-PROC
depended	O
on	O
two	O
regulatory	O
elements	O
,	O
a	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
)	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
CCAAT	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
enhancer	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
C	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
EBP	I-PRGE
)	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
.	O

Protein	B-CHED
mutation	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
a	O
Lys	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
motif	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
acted	O
as	O
a	O
nuclear	O
localization	B-PROC
signal	O
and	O
was	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
COX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
a	O
Leu	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
motif	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
function	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Antigenicity	O
analysis	O
of	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
3	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
229E	O
and	O
OC43	O
with	O
their	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	O
].	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
prepared	O
mAbs	O
against	O
the	O
recombinant	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
may	O
provide	O
valuable	O
assistance	O
in	O
studying	O
antigenic	O
relationships	O
of	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
between	O
the	O
3	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Activated	B-PRGE
partial	I-PRGE
thromboplastin	I-PRGE
time	I-PRGE
(	O
APTT	O
),	O
protein	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
(	O
PC	O
),	O
antithrombin	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
(	O
AT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
),	O
plasminogen	B-PRGE
activator	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
(	O
PAI	B-PRGE
),	O
activated	B-DISO
protein	I-DISO
C	I-DISO
resistance	B-PROC
(	O
APC	B-COMP
-	O
R	O
),	O
plasminogen	B-PRGE
(	O
PLG	B-PRGE
),	O
von	O
Willebrand	O
'	O
s	O
factor	O
(	O
vWF	B-PRGE
),	O
D	O
-	O
dimer	O
(	O
D	O
-	O
D	O
),	O
fibrinogen	B-COMP
(	O
Fib	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
homocysteine	B-CHED
(	O
HCY	B-CHED
)	O
were	O
examined	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
RNA	O
viruses	O
are	O
notorious	O
for	O
their	O
genetic	O
plasticity	O
and	O
propensity	O
to	O
exploit	O
new	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
range	O
opportunities	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
epidemics	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
AIDS	O
,	O
dengue	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
ecological	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
factors	O
probably	O
constrain	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
VEE	O
epidemics	O
more	O
than	O
the	O
generation	O
,	O
via	O
mutation	O
,	O
of	O
amplification	B-DISO
-	O
competent	O
(	O
high	O
equine	B-SPEC
viremia	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

An	O
ELISA	O
,	O
used	O
to	O
test	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
antibodies	O
to	O
CRCoV	O
in	O
canine	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
,	O
identified	O
seropositive	O
dogs	B-SPEC
in	O
UK	O
,	O
USA	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
Republic	O
of	O
Ireland	O
and	O
Greece	O
.	O

The	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
demonstrated	O
between	O
CRCoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
from	O
different	O
countries	O
and	O
a	O
UK	O
viral	O
isolate	O
suggests	O
immunological	O
similarity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
sepsis	O
is	O
sepsis	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

Once	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
cardiorespiratory	O
status	O
is	O
stabilized	O
,	O
efforts	O
must	O
be	O
directed	O
at	O
uncovering	O
the	O
source	O
and	O
empirically	O
yet	O
accurately	O
treating	O
the	O
infective	O
underpinnings	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
bearing	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
generated	O
by	O
ligation	O
method	O
.	O

The	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
and	O
its	O
biologic	O
activity	O
was	O
analyzed	O
by	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
HEK293	O
cells	B-COMP
mediated	O
by	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
under	O
the	O
optimized	O
expression	B-PROC
conditions	O
.	O

All	O
three	O
components	O
of	O
occupational	O
and	O
organizational	O
commitments	O
were	O
negatively	O
associated	O
with	O
nurses	O
'	O
intentions	O
to	O
leave	O
the	O
nursing	B-PROC
profession	O
and	O
the	O
organization	O
.	O

The	O
fluorescence	O
intensity	O
of	O
dihydrorhodamine	O
123	O
staining	O
indicated	O
that	O
cellular	B-COMP
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
were	O
markedly	O
increased	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
3CLpro	O
-	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
in	O
vivo	O
signalling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
assay	O
indicated	O
that	O
3CLpro	O
increased	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
reporter	O
,	O
but	O
inhibited	O
activator	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
advantages	O
of	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
amplification	B-DISO
tests	O
(	O
NAT	B-ENZY
)	O
over	O
conventional	O
methods	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
pathogens	O
in	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
samples	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
established	O
.	O

NAT	B-ENZY
for	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
were	O
performed	O
on	O
439	O
endotracheal	O
tube	O
(	O
ETT	O
)	O
and	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
samples	O
.	O

An	O
additional	O
73	O
pathogens	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
NAT	B-ENZY
in	O
65	O
samples	O
including	O
30	O
pathogens	O
that	O
were	O
missed	O
by	O
conventional	O
methods	O
(	O
19	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
6	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
3	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
1	O
-	O
4	O
,	O
2	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
),	O
41	O
pathogens	O
not	O
routinely	O
identified	O
by	O
conventional	O
methods	O
in	O
most	O
laboratories	O
(	O
23	O
rhinovirus	O
,	O
8	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	I-PRGE
hMPV	B-SPEC
),	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
Chlamydophila	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
2	O
pathogens	O
from	O
samples	O
where	O
no	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
testing	O
was	O
requested	O
(	O
1	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
1	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
).	O

Testing	O
of	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
(	O
NPA	B-CHED
)	O
from	O
children	O
,	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
,	O
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
adults	O
indicated	O
ImmunoCard	O
STAT	B-PRGE
!	O

Overall	O
results	O
were	O
very	O
similar	O
for	O
both	O
testing	O
devices	O
with	O
the	O
advantage	O
of	O
ImmunoCard	O
STAT	B-PRGE
!	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Seroprevalence	O
study	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
owned	O
and	O
feral	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
Sydney	O
,	O
Australia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
multicenter	O
trial	O
of	O
prolonged	O
prone	O
ventilation	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
enrolled	O
136	O
patients	O
within	O
48	O
h	O
of	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
60	O
randomized	O
to	O
supine	O
and	O
76	O
to	O
prone	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Prone	O
ventilation	O
is	O
feasible	O
and	O
safe	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
reduce	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
when	O
it	O
is	O
initiated	O
early	O
and	O
applied	O
for	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
day	O
.	O

Evidence	O
for	O
inflammation	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
target	O
tissue	B-ANAT
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
both	O
groups	O
,	O
Fio2	O
was	O
set	O
to	O
maintain	O
arterial	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	I-PROC
>	O
90	O
%	O
and	O
Pao2	O
70	O
-	O
100	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
and	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
was	O
adjusted	O
to	O
maintain	O
Paco2	O
between	O
35	O
and	O
50	O
mm	O
Hg	O
.	O

In	O
approximately	O
45	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
the	O
disorder	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
cholelithiasis	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
ethanol	B-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
accounting	O
for	O
a	O
further	O
35	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

For	O
example	O
,	O
ERCP	O
will	O
reduce	O
morbidity	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ampullary	O
or	O
common	O
bile	B-ANAT
duct	I-ANAT
stones	I-ANAT
associated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
,	O
if	O
obstructive	B-DISO
jaundice	I-DISO
or	O
cholangitis	B-DISO
are	O
present	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
remaining	O
10	O
%-	O
15	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
the	O
disorder	O
is	O
life	O
threatening	O
with	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
disorder	O
requiring	O
admission	O
to	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
with	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
,	O
respiratory	O
,	O
and	O
renal	B-ANAT
monitoring	O
and	O
support	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
function	I-PROC
are	O
intimately	O
related	O
in	O
both	O
health	O
and	O
disease	O
.	O

Successful	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
may	O
require	O
modification	O
of	O
hemodialysis	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
combat	B-CHED
severe	O
acidemia	B-DISO
.	O

Since	O
the	O
Hajj	O
is	O
dictated	O
by	O
the	O
lunar	O
calendar	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
shorter	O
than	O
the	O
Gregorian	O
calendar	O
,	O
it	O
presents	O
public	O
-	O
health	O
policy	O
planners	O
with	O
a	O
moving	B-PROC
target	O
,	O
demanding	O
constant	O
preparedness	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
2	O
zoonotic	O
human	B-SPEC
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
that	O
recently	O
emerged	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
due	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
subtype	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
is	O
reviewed	O
and	O
compared	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
literature	O
and	O
the	O
cases	O
examined	O
by	O
the	O
authors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Only	O
one	O
protomer	O
is	O
active	O
in	O
the	O
dimer	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
investigated	O
,	O
using	O
molecular	B-PROC
dynamics	I-PROC
simulation	O
and	O
mutational	O
studies	O
,	O
the	O
problems	O
as	O
to	O
why	O
only	O
the	O
dimer	O
is	O
active	O
and	O
whether	O
both	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
protomers	O
in	O
the	O
dimer	O
are	O
active	O
.	O

The	O
enzyme	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
of	O
the	O
hybrid	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3C	O
-	O
like	O
protease	O
of	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
inactive	O
mutant	B-DISO
proves	O
that	O
the	O
dimerization	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
enzyme	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
and	O
only	O
one	O
active	O
protomer	O
in	O
the	O
dimer	O
is	O
enough	O
for	O
the	O
catalysis	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
enzyme	O
may	O
follow	O
the	O
association	O
,	O
activation	O
,	O
catalysis	O
,	O
and	O
dissociation	B-DISO
mechanism	O
for	O
activity	O
control	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
recombinant	O
human	B-SPEC
ALX	O
in	O
A549	O
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
uncovered	O
ALX	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
cytokine	O
release	B-PATH
by	O
LXA	O
(	O
4	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
/	I-DISO
H5N1	I-DISO
spreads	O
around	O
the	O
globe	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
an	O
epidemic	O
increases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
potentially	O
lethal	O
complication	B-DISO
in	O
rabies	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
although	O
its	O
occurrence	O
is	O
rare	O
.	O

Even	O
though	O
approximately	O
10	O
(	O
14	O
)	O
molecules	O
are	O
inoculated	O
in	O
the	O
studies	O
in	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
,	O
by	O
day	O
8	O
or	O
9	O
(	O
approximately	O
1	O
week	O
postinoculation	O
),	O
already	O
all	O
but	O
on	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
of	O
10	O
(	O
4	O
)-	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
molecules	O
per	O
microgram	O
of	O
DNA	O
extracted	O
from	O
tissue	B-ANAT
have	O
been	O
cleared	O
at	O
the	O
injection	O
site	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
IP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
which	O
are	O
established	O
markers	O
for	O
acute	O
-	O
stage	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
escapes	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
silencing	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
some	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
progressive	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
into	O
the	O
infected	O
lungs	B-ANAT
observed	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
could	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
these	O
chemokines	O
by	O
the	O
infected	O
tissue	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Induction	O
of	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
may	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
preventing	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Surface	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
verified	O
by	O
cellular	B-COMP
fractionation	O
analyses	O
,	O
immunofluorescence	O
microscopy	O
,	O
and	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
.	O

EToV	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
combines	O
several	O
traits	O
of	O
its	O
closest	O
relatives	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neurologic	O
complications	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
:	O
part	O
II	O
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
or	O
myopathy	B-DISO
requires	O
largely	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
disorder	O
.	O

For	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
and	O
related	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
components	O
containing	O
N	O
-	O
acetyl	B-CHED
-	O
9	O
-	O
O	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylneuraminic	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
is	O
essential	O
for	O
initiation	O
of	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Interaction	O
with	O
sialoglycoconjugates	O
may	O
help	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
pass	O
through	O
the	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
rich	O
mucus	B-COMP
layer	I-COMP
that	O
covers	O
the	O
viral	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
epithelium	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
attachment	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
dedicated	O
virion	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
specifically	O
recognize	O
one	O
or	O
,	O
at	O
most	O
,	O
a	O
limited	O
number	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
molecules	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infections	B-DISO
by	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
result	O
in	O
disease	O
of	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
related	O
to	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
express	O
a	O
hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
surface	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
specifically	O
hydrolyses	O
either	O
5	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
acetyl	B-CHED
-	O
4	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetyl	B-CHED
neuraminic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
Neu4	O
,	O
5Ac	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
or	O
5	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
acetyl	B-CHED
-	O
9	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetyl	B-CHED
neuraminic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
Neu5	O
,	O
9Ac	O
(	O
2	O
)).	O

Using	O
a	O
sensitive	O
method	O
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
chromatography	O
coupled	O
to	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
in	O
the	O
electron	O
impact	O
mode	O
of	O
ionization	O
this	O
manuscript	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
13	O
different	O
sialic	O
acids	O
varying	O
in	O
their	O
alkyl	O
and	O
acyl	O
substituents	O
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
tissues	B-ANAT
including	O
5	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
acetyl	B-CHED
-	O
4	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetyl	B-CHED
-	O
9	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
lactyl	O
-	O
neuraminic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
Neu4	B-PRGE
,	O
5Ac	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
9Lt	O
),	O
5	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
acetyl	B-CHED
-	O
9	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
lactyl	O
-	O
neuraminic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
Neu5Ac9Lt	O
),	O
5	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
acetyl	B-CHED
-	O
8	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
methyl	B-CHED
-	O
neuraminic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
Neu5Ac8Me	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
1	O
,	O
7	O
-	O
lactone	B-CHED
(	O
Neu5Ac1	O
,	O
7L	O
)	O
of	O
neuraminic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
.	O

Neu4	B-PRGE
,	O
5Ac	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
relatively	O
abundant	O
in	O
the	O
gut	B-ANAT
,	O
was	O
present	O
as	O
a	O
minor	O
compound	O
in	O
all	O
tissues	B-ANAT
,	O
including	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
olfactory	B-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
,	O
telencephalon	B-ANAT
,	O
metencephalon	B-ANAT
and	O
hippocampus	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
is	O
suggested	O
that	O
these	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
represent	O
the	O
endogenous	O
substrate	O
and	O
receptor	O
determinants	O
for	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
mysterious	O
new	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
known	O
as	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
most	O
perplexing	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
to	O
emerge	O
in	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
.	O

To	O
remain	O
mission	O
ready	O
,	O
the	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
Forces	O
Korea	O
(	O
USFK	O
)	O
commander	O
declared	O
a	O
""""	O
War	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
""""	O
and	O
directed	O
his	O
medical	O
staff	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
plan	B-DISO
to	O
prevent	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
among	O
USFK	O
personnel	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
helicases	O
are	O
very	O
conserved	O
and	O
peculiar	O
proteins	B-CHED
which	O
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
as	O
suitable	O
targets	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
,	O
such	O
as	O
bananins	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
recently	O
shown	O
to	O
inhibit	O
the	O
SCV	B-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
7a	I-PRGE
and	O
small	O
glutamine	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
tetratricopeptide	O
repeat	O
-	O
containing	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
SGT	O
).	O

These	O
proteases	O
are	O
important	O
targets	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
that	O
would	O
inhibit	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
reduce	O
mortality	O
associated	O
with	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
1	O
.	O
85	O
-	O
A	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
catalytic	O
core	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
PLpro	I-PRGE
and	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
overall	O
architecture	O
adopts	O
a	O
fold	O
closely	O
resembling	O
that	O
of	O
known	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
enzymes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
causes	O
enteric	O
and	O
respiratory	O
dis	O
-	O
orders	O
in	O
calves	O
and	O
dysentery	B-DISO
in	O
cows	B-SPEC
.	O

Findings	O
were	O
compared	O
between	O
patients	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
those	O
in	O
whom	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
excluded	O
by	O
laboratory	O
or	O
public	O
health	O
investigation	O
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
occurred	O
in	O
97	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
admission	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
findings	O
including	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
evolved	O
later	O
and	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
only	O
59	O
,	O
37	O
and	O
68	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
at	O
admission	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
or	O
significant	O
exposure	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
unlikely	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
in	O
vitro	O
experiments	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
stimulated	O
V	B-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
9V	I-PRGE
delta	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
display	O
an	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
activity	O
and	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
directly	O
kill	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
Italy	O
02	O
genotype	O
has	O
undergone	O
a	O
recombination	B-PROC
event	O
.	O

The	O
deduced	O
sequence	O
of	O
66	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
had	O
66	O
to	O
74	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
with	O
the	O
corresponding	O
sequence	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
groups	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
.	O

Several	O
other	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
primer	O
pairs	O
that	O
give	O
PCR	O
products	O
corresponding	O
to	O
genes	O
3	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
N	O
and	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
untranslated	O
region	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
pheasant	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
all	O
in	O
group	O
3	O
)	O
failed	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
with	O
RNA	O
from	O
the	O
parrot	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Various	O
other	O
compounds	O
,	O
often	O
with	O
an	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
defined	O
mode	O
of	O
action	O
but	O
selectivity	O
indexes	O
up	O
to	O
100	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
exhibit	O
in	O
vitro	O
activity	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
:	O
valinomycin	B-CHED
,	O
glycopeptide	B-CHED
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
plant	B-SPEC
lectins	O
,	O
hesperetin	B-CHED
,	O
glycyrrhizin	B-CHED
,	O
aurintricarboxylic	O
acid	O
,	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
,	O
niclosamide	O
,	O
nelfinavir	O
and	O
calpain	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

By	O
mimicking	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
RBD	O
as	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
to	O
screen	O
a	O
large	O
human	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
library	O
derived	O
from	O
healthy	O
volunteers	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
a	O
novel	O
potent	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reactive	I-PROC
SCV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
m396	O
,	O
which	O
competes	O
with	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
for	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
RBD	O
,	O
and	O
determined	O
the	O
crystal	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
RBD	O
-	O
antibody	B-COMP
complex	O
at	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
A	O
resolution	O
.	O

Each	O
received	O
inhaled	O
NO	O
(	O
20	O
-	O
25	O
ppm	O
)	O
via	O
the	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
side	O
of	O
the	O
breathing	B-PROC
circuit	O
of	O
the	O
ventilator	O
.	O

Inhaled	B-PROC
NO	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
treating	O
acute	B-DISO
massive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
.	O

Further	O
decreases	O
in	O
prevalence	O
rates	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
10	O
years	O
were	O
found	O
for	O
infections	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
pneumonia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
of	I-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
,	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
type	O
3	O
,	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
sialodacryoadenitis	O
/	O
rat	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pulmonis	I-SPEC
.	O

Guinea	B-SPEC
pig	I-SPEC
cytomegalovirus	I-SPEC
and	O
para	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
agents	O
among	O
laboratory	O
guinea	B-SPEC
pigs	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
the	O
clinical	O
experiments	O
,	O
the	O
doctors	O
wearing	O
the	O
equipment	O
who	O
performed	O
the	O
tracheotomy	O
for	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
in	O
a	O
deep	O
coma	B-DISO
were	O
not	O
infected	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
HEPA	O
filter	O
could	O
filtrate	O
99	O
.	O
99	O
%	O
simulating	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
binding	B-FUNC
interface	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
that	O
is	O
facing	O
the	O
P1	O
'	O
position	O
is	O
suggested	O
to	O
be	O
occupied	O
by	O
acidic	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
,	O
thus	O
the	O
P1	O
'	O
position	O
is	O
intolerant	O
to	O
acidic	O
residue	O
substitution	O
,	O
owing	O
to	O
electrostatic	O
repulsion	O
.	O

Seldom	O
,	O
the	O
classical	O
trial	O
of	O
muscle	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
weakness	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
dark	B-DISO
urine	I-DISO
is	O
observed	O
.	O

Severe	O
complications	O
are	O
hypovolemia	O
,	O
electrolyte	O
disorders	O
,	O
a	O
compartment	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
causes	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
20	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
,	O
although	O
non	O
-	O
traumatic	O
causes	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
better	O
outcome	O
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
of	O
geographically	O
and	O
chronologically	O
distinct	O
Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
isolates	O
have	O
found	O
only	O
limited	O
variation	O
within	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
.	O

In	O
previous	O
studies	O
,	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
haemagglutinating	O
activity	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
preferentially	O
recognizes	O
alpha2	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
linked	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
.	O

In	O
the	O
previous	O
our	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
gene	O
of	O
Korean	O
winter	B-DISO
dysentery	I-DISO
(	O
WD	O
)	O
BCoV	O
had	O
a	O
genetic	O
property	O
of	O
both	O
enteric	O
(	O
EBCV	O
)	O
and	O
respiratory	O
BCoV	O
(	O
RBCV	O
)	O
and	O
were	O
significantly	O
distinct	O
from	O
the	O
ancestral	O
enteric	O
strains	O
.	O

The	O
third	O
group	O
possessed	B-DISO
only	O
all	O
Korean	O
WD	O
strains	O
which	O
were	O
more	O
homologous	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
were	O
sharply	O
distinct	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
known	O
BCoV	O
,	O
suggesting	O
Korean	O
WD	O
strains	O
had	O
evolutionary	O
distinct	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
relative	O
conservation	O
of	O
the	O
M	O
and	O
E	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
BCoV	O
including	O
Korean	O
WD	O
strains	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
suggested	O
that	O
structural	O
constraints	O
on	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
rigid	B-DISO
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
more	O
limited	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

All	O
NHPs	O
demonstrated	O
evidence	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
developed	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Both	O
femoral	B-ANAT
arteries	I-ANAT
and	O
one	O
femoral	B-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
were	O
cannulated	O
and	O
connected	O
with	O
ILA	O
.	O

Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
induced	O
by	O
repeated	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
until	O
the	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
O2	O
was	O
lower	O
than	O
100	O
Torr	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
30	O
minutes	O
during	O
ventilation	O
with	O
100	O
%	O
O2	O
.	O

Oxygenation	B-PROC
is	O
increased	O
by	O
ILA	B-PRGE
in	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
pressures	O
were	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
when	O
ILA	O
was	O
in	O
operation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Volume	O
replacement	O
was	O
studied	O
prospectively	O
in	O
208	O
infants	O
with	O
dengue	O
hemorrhagic	O
fever	O
/	O
dengue	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
DHF	O
/	O
DSS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
mean	O
volumes	O
of	O
intravenous	O
fluid	O
replacement	O
in	O
infants	O
with	O
DSS	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
shock	O
DHF	O
(	O
129	O
.	O
8	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
versus	O
102	O
.	O
1	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Recurrent	O
shock	O
,	O
prolonged	O
shock	O
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
were	O
recorded	O
in	O
8	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
and	O
13	O
patients	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
may	O
also	O
occur	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
complicate	O
the	O
disease	O
course	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
its	O
incidence	O
,	O
causes	O
and	O
impact	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
are	O
not	O
known	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARF	B-DISO
were	O
characterized	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
etiologies	O
analyzed	O
.	O

ARF	B-DISO
developed	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O

Multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
system	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
usually	O
accompanied	O
ARF	B-DISO
.	O

Of	O
the	O
16	O
medical	O
staff	O
performing	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
,	O
none	O
was	O
subsequently	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Antisense	O
technologies	O
,	O
which	O
encompass	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
,	O
antisense	O
oligonucleotides	B-CHED
,	O
ribozymes	O
and	O
their	O
chemically	O
modified	O
analogs	O
,	O
involve	O
small	O
sequence	O
-	O
specific	O
nucleic	B-COMP
-	O
acid	O
-	O
based	O
molecules	O
that	O
inhibit	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
at	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
translation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
helicase	B-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
discussed	O
here	O
influence	O
rates	O
of	O
helicase	B-PRGE
-	O
catalyzed	O
DNA	O
(	O
or	O
RNA	O
)	O
unwinding	O
by	O
preventing	O
ATP	B-PROC
hydrolysis	I-PROC
,	O
nucleic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
,	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
release	B-PATH
,	O
or	O
by	O
disrupting	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
a	O
helicase	B-PRGE
with	O
a	O
required	O
cofactor	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
chymotrypsin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
cysteine	B-CHED
protease	I-PRGE
named	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CLpro	O
)	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
life	O
cycle	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
This	O
main	O
protease	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
maturation	B-PROC
of	O
functional	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
represents	O
a	O
key	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
target	O
.	O

The	O
different	O
classes	O
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
reported	O
in	O
these	O
studies	O
are	O
summarized	O
in	O
this	O
review	O
.	O

Some	O
of	O
these	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
could	O
be	O
developed	O
into	O
potential	O
drug	O
candidates	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
provide	O
a	O
solution	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
possible	O
reoccurrence	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
3CL	O
proteases	O
.	O

Aspartic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
440	O
and	O
441	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
functionally	O
important	O
.	O

No	O
statistically	O
significant	O
associations	O
between	O
PP	O
response	O
and	O
age	O
,	O
gender	O
,	O
weight	O
,	O
PEEP	B-CHED
level	O
,	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
,	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
or	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
were	O
detected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Germany	O
2003	O
:	O
workload	O
of	O
local	O
health	O
departments	O
and	O
their	O
compliance	O
in	O
quarantine	O
measures	O
--	O
implications	O
for	O
outbreak	O
modeling	O
and	O
surge	O
capacity	O
?	O

Of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
,	O
43	O
had	O
a	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
trunk	B-ANAT
diameter	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
29	O
mm	O
yielding	O
a	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
54	O
and	O
a	O
specificity	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
63	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
trunk	B-ANAT
diameter	O
correlated	O
significantly	O
but	O
weakly	O
with	O
mean	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
34	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0004	O
).	O

Measurement	O
of	O
PAT	B-DISO
diameter	O
on	O
admission	O
CT	O
scan	O
is	O
an	O
unreliable	O
tool	O
for	O
identification	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
single	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
substitution	O
(	O
R441A	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
disrupts	O
the	O
antigenic	O
structure	O
and	O
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
Wimley	O
and	O
White	O
interfacial	O
hydrophobicity	O
scale	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
regions	O
within	O
the	O
CoV	B-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
that	O
may	O
preferentially	O
associate	O
with	O
lipid	B-CHED
membranes	B-ANAT
with	O
the	O
premise	O
that	O
peptides	B-CHED
analogous	O
to	O
these	O
regions	O
may	O
function	O
as	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
viral	O
infectivity	O
.	O

It	O
seems	O
that	O
patients	O
attempt	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
external	O
stressors	O
by	O
living	O
in	O
an	O
""""	O
autistic	B-DISO
bubble	O
""""	O
(	O
in	O
which	O
outside	O
threats	O
cannot	O
enter	O
)	O
or	O
by	O
denying	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
these	O
stressors	O
and	O
over	O
-	O
emphasizing	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
medical	O
authorities	O
to	O
protect	O
them	O
.	O

Patients	O
felt	O
more	O
protected	O
by	O
the	O
authorities	O
and	O
some	O
perceived	O
the	O
epidemic	O
in	O
a	O
psychotic	B-DISO
manner	O
.	O

The	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
and	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
from	O
naturally	O
FCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
and	O
without	O
FIP	B-DISO
and	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
control	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
examined	O
for	O
the	O
quantity	O
and	O
activation	O
state	O
of	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
both	O
by	O
immunohistology	O
and	O
by	O
quantitative	O
real	O
time	O
PCR	O
for	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
1beta	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
p40	B-COMP
,	O
tumour	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
factor	O
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
),	O
granulocyte	B-PRGE
colony	I-PRGE
stimulating	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
G	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
),	O
macrophage	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	B-ANAT
(	O
M	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
GM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
however	O
,	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
p40	B-COMP
levels	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
lymphatic	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
both	O
SPF	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
FCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
without	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

By	O
not	O
inhibiting	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
treatment	O
may	O
have	O
provided	O
a	O
continual	O
source	O
of	O
stimulation	O
for	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
thought	O
to	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
data	O
do	O
not	O
support	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
or	O
other	O
IMP	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
for	O
treating	O
SARS	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
these	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
immunization	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
can	O
generate	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
that	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
protection	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Three	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
245	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
by	O
nested	O
-	O
PCR	O
using	O
primers	O
on	O
1b	O
gene	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
S2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
GD322	O
and	O
analyze	O
the	O
phyletic	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
S2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

S2	O
gene	O
fragment	O
was	O
amplified	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
GD322	O
genome	O
with	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
ligated	O
to	O
pGEM	B-CHED
-	O
T	O
vector	O
for	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
after	O
transformation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
plasmid	O
into	O
E	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
coli	I-PRGE
DH5a	I-PRGE
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
S2	O
gene	O
of	O
GD322	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
relatively	O
stable	O
during	O
the	O
epidemic	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
mutation	O
at	O
the	O
57th	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
of	O
S2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
may	O
affect	O
the	O
T	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
epitope	B-CHED
.	O

Prospectively	O
randomized	O
crossover	O
animal	B-SPEC
study	O
.	O

The	O
genome	O
was	O
directly	O
accessed	O
from	O
the	O
stool	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
of	O
a	O
patient	O
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

Comparative	O
genomics	O
methods	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
sequence	O
variations	O
of	O
116	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genomes	O
(	O
including	O
BJ202	O
)	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
NCBI	O
GenBank	O
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
composition	O
of	O
this	O
site	O
is	O
A	O
(	O
8	O
)	O
to	O
G	O
(	O
6	O
).	O

Health	O
care	O
professionals	O
(	O
HCPs	O
)	O
and	O
hospital	O
systems	O
that	O
bore	B-CHED
the	O
brunt	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
continue	O
to	O
struggle	O
with	O
the	O
aftermath	O
of	O
the	O
crisis	O
.	O

Many	O
were	O
exposed	O
to	O
serious	O
risk	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
figures	O
showing	O
that	O
approximately	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
reported	O
cases	O
were	O
among	O
HCPs	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
whom	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
address	O
the	O
issue	O
of	O
special	O
obligations	O
of	O
HCPs	O
during	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Staff	O
who	O
considered	O
combined	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
effective	O
in	O
protecting	O
patients	O
and	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
did	O
not	O
report	O
increased	O
compliance	O
.	O

Global	O
interconnectedness	O
continues	O
to	O
increase	O
with	O
international	O
travel	O
and	O
trade	O
;	O
economic	O
,	O
political	O
,	O
and	O
cultural	O
interactions	O
;	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
interactions	O
.	O

These	O
conditions	O
made	O
designing	O
appropriate	O
,	O
effective	O
and	O
standard	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
responses	O
difficult	O
.	O

Interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
alone	O
was	O
a	O
poor	O
inducer	O
of	O
MoDC	O
maturation	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
tumour	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
),	O
or	O
TLR	O
ligands	O
such	O
as	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
and	O
polyinosinic	O
-	O
polycytidylic	O
acid	O
I	O
:	O
C	O
,	O
an	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
major	B-PROC
histocompatibility	I-PROC
complex	I-PROC
II	O
and	O
CD80	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
86	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
was	O
noted	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
reduced	O
endocytic	O
activity	O
.	O

Indeed	O
,	O
MoDC	O
did	O
not	O
respond	O
to	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
whereas	O
NIPC	O
produced	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
after	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
stimulation	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
previous	O
reports	O
identified	O
three	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
0201	I-PRGE
-	O
restricted	O
CTL	B-ANAT
epitopes	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
S978	O
-	O
986	O
,	O
S1203	O
-	O
1211	O
,	O
and	O
S1167	O
-	O
1175	O
),	O
here	O
we	O
found	O
two	O
novel	O
peptides	B-CHED
S787	O
-	O
795	O
and	O
S1042	O
-	O
1050	O
as	O
S	O
-	O
specific	O
CTL	B-ANAT
epitopes	O
.	O

These	O
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
had	O
no	O
apparent	O
homologous	O
motif	O
within	O
or	O
between	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
pools	O
and	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
were	O
deconvoluted	O
into	O
amino	O
acid	O
pairs	O
(	O
AAPs	O
)	O
by	O
Mapitope	O
and	O
the	O
statistically	O
significant	O
pairs	O
(	O
SSPs	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
defined	O
.	O

The	O
sources	O
of	O
data	O
include	O
population	O
figures	O
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
epidemics	O
and	O
findings	O
from	O
two	O
sociological	O
studies	O
of	O
representative	O
samples	O
of	O
Singapore	O
'	O
s	O
multi	O
-	O
ethnic	O
population	O
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
essential	O
for	O
replication	O
and	O
is	O
thus	O
a	O
target	O
for	O
drug	O
discovery	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
a	O
large	O
virus	B-SPEC
pool	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Successful	O
balloon	O
valvuloplasty	O
was	O
performed	O
with	O
ICE	B-PRGE
proving	O
highly	O
valuable	O
in	O
guiding	O
balloon	O
position	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
monitoring	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
subsequent	O
inflations	O
.	O

As	O
intravenous	O
administration	O
of	O
nifekalant	O
terminated	O
VT	O
,	O
we	O
started	O
oral	B-ANAT
administration	O
of	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
(	O
day	O
1	O
).	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
16	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
H5N1	B-DISO
were	O
identified	O
for	O
the	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
.	O

Early	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
resembled	O
the	O
more	O
common	O
dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
presence	O
of	O
cough	B-DISO
and	O
absence	O
of	O
hemoconcentration	O
distinguished	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
often	O
progressed	O
rapidly	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
requiring	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

In	O
August	O
of	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
years	O
1998	O
-	O
2003	O
,	O
between	O
149	O
and	O
185	O
4	O
-	O
8	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
calves	O
arrived	O
at	O
the	O
station	O
from	O
99	O
to	O
124	O
different	O
beef	O
-	O
breeding	B-PROC
herds	O
,	O
and	O
remained	O
until	O
March	O
the	O
following	O
year	O
.	O

Serological	O
testing	O
on	O
samples	O
obtained	O
in	O
August	O
,	O
November	O
and	O
January	O
indicated	O
that	O
bovine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
-	O
3	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
occurred	O
each	O
year	O
before	O
November	O
after	O
entry	O
.	O

Bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
infections	B-DISO
occurred	O
only	O
every	O
second	O
year	O
and	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
treatment	O
peak	O
and	O
one	O
death	B-PROC
on	O
one	O
occasion	O
(	O
December	O
).	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
assembly	O
also	O
takes	O
place	O
at	O
pre	O
-	O
Golgi	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
particles	O
carrying	O
in	O
their	O
envelope	B-PRGE
chimeric	I-PRGE
HCV	B-SPEC
glycoproteins	B-CHED
composed	O
of	O
the	O
ectodomains	O
of	O
E1	O
and	O
E2	O
,	O
each	O
fused	O
to	O
the	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
plus	O
endodomain	O
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
novel	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
consequence	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Postal	O
survey	O
comprising	O
Health	O
-	O
Related	O
Quality	O
of	O
Life	O
(	O
HRQoL	O
)	O
questionnaires	O
and	O
anxiety	O
and	O
depression	B-DISO
measures	O
was	O
sent	O
to	O
them	O
at	O
3	O
months	O
'	O
postdischarge	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
Postal	O
survey	O
comprising	O
Health	O
-	O
Related	O
Quality	O
of	O
Life	O
(	O
HRQoL	O
)	O
questionnaires	O
and	O
anxiety	O
and	O
depression	B-DISO
measures	O
was	O
sent	O
to	O
them	O
at	O
3	O
months	O
'	O
postdischarge	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
has	O
significant	O
impact	O
on	O
HRQoL	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
status	O
at	O
3	O
months	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
high	O
initial	O
or	O
peak	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
load	O
in	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

The	O
nationwide	O
SARS	B-DISO
database	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
was	O
analyzed	O
,	O
and	O
genotyping	O
of	O
281	O
single	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphisms	B-PROC
(	O
SNPs	B-PROC
)	O
of	O
65	O
genes	O
was	O
performed	O
for	O
94	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
to	O
identify	O
SNPs	B-PROC
for	O
which	O
distribution	O
between	O
patients	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
detectable	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
was	O
biased	O
.	O

Titers	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
shed	O
in	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
varied	O
widely	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
nondetectable	O
to	O
10	O
(	O
8	O
)	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
copies	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
correlated	O
positively	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
(	O
P	O
<.	O
0001	O
,	O
by	O
trend	O
test	O
)	O
and	O
with	O
early	O
death	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
death	B-PROC
occurring	O
within	O
2	O
weeks	O
of	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
illness	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
0015	O
,	O
by	O
trend	O
test	O
).	O

Detectable	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
was	O
associated	O
with	O
polymorphic	O
alleles	O
of	O
interleukins	O
18	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
014	O
)	O
and	O
1A	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
031	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
NF	B-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
(	O
reticuloendotheliosis	B-PRGE
viral	I-PRGE
oncogene	I-PRGE
homolog	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
[	I-PRGE
RelB	I-PRGE
])	I-PRGE
(	O
P	O
=.	O
034	O
),	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
proinflammatory	O
in	O
nature	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
procoagulation	B-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
fibrinogen	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
2	I-PRGE
(	O
P	O
=.	O
008	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Titers	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
shed	O
in	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
varied	O
widely	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
nondetectable	O
to	O
10	O
(	O
8	O
)	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
copies	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
correlated	O
positively	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
(	O
P	O
<.	O
0001	O
,	O
by	O
trend	O
test	O
)	O
and	O
with	O
early	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
death	B-PROC
occurring	O
within	O
2	O
weeks	O
of	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
illness	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
0015	O
,	O
by	O
trend	O
test	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
protective	O
Ag	O
for	O
vaccine	O
design	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
Conf	O
V	O
epitope	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
may	O
overlap	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
motif	O
and	O
induce	O
most	O
potent	O
neutralizing	O
Abs	O
,	O
was	O
conserved	O
in	O
these	O
mutants	O
.	O

Medical	O
personnel	O
were	O
infected	O
only	O
if	O
they	O
cared	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
unrecognized	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
caretakers	O
played	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
.	O

As	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
of	O
nosocomial	O
SARS	B-DISO
increased	O
,	O
the	O
hospital	O
closed	O
the	O
affected	O
ward	O
and	O
expedited	O
construction	O
of	O
negative	O
-	O
pressure	O
rooms	O
on	O
other	O
vacated	O
floors	O
for	O
patient	O
cohorting	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
last	O
case	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
was	O
identified	O
1	O
week	O
later	O
.	O

Seventeen	O
HCWs	O
from	O
6	O
hospitals	O
developed	O
disease	O
that	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
case	O
definition	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
after	O
implementation	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
precautions	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Seventeen	O
HCWs	O
from	O
6	O
hospitals	O
developed	O
disease	O
that	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
case	O
definition	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
after	O
implementation	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
precautions	O
.	O

We	O
examined	O
whether	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
affect	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
were	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
susceptibility	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
were	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
susceptibility	I-PRGE
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
874A	I-PRGE
allele	I-PRGE
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
susceptibility	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recombinant	O
antigen	B-CHED
obtained	O
by	O
cloning	O
and	O
expressing	O
two	O
IBV	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
fragments	O
(	O
143	O
-	O
414	O
aa	O
,	O
281	O
-	O
414	O
aa	O
)	O
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
was	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
by	O
the	O
indirect	O
ELISA	O
(	O
rNpIBV	O
-	O
ELISA	O
).	O

The	O
treatment	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
:	O
progress	O
and	O
potential	O
.	O

Association	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
with	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

Detection	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
sinus	B-DISO
brushings	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
sinusitis	B-DISO
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Although	O
effective	O
over	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
counter	B-CHED
products	O
have	O
been	O
described	O
that	O
alleviate	O
symptoms	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
[	O
Anzueto	O
,	O
A	O
.,	O
Niederman	O
,	O
M	O
.	O
S	O
.,	O
2003	O
.	O

Chemotherapy	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
colds	B-DISO
.	O

32	O
,	O
409	O
-	O
419	O
],	O
this	O
review	O
will	O
primarily	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
discovery	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
those	O
agents	O
that	O
directly	O
or	O
indirectly	O
impact	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
specifically	O
highlighting	O
new	O
advances	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
specific	O
challenges	O
with	O
their	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

Remarkably	O
,	O
we	O
noted	O
that	O
W	O
/	O
O	O
-	O
type	O
emulsions	O
induced	O
the	O
best	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
while	O
they	O
released	O
no	O
antigen	B-CHED
during	O
3	O
weeks	O
.	O

The	O
DNA	O
sequencing	O
data	O
showed	O
no	O
homology	O
between	O
the	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
of	O
the	O
two	O
mimic	O
antigen	B-CHED
peptides	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
method	O
might	O
provide	O
a	O
new	O
approach	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
therapy	O
and	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
major	O
nasal	B-ANAT
airway	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
newborn	O
,	O
choanal	B-DISO
atresia	I-DISO
is	O
by	O
far	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
aetiology	O
.	O

Surgery	O
was	O
performed	O
at	O
4	O
months	O
through	O
an	O
unusual	O
endonasal	B-ANAT
approach	O
which	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
less	O
traumatic	O
than	O
the	O
classical	O
sublabial	O
approach	O
.	O

Moist	B-DISO
rales	I-DISO
were	O
heard	O
in	O
4	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
imaging	O
abnormalities	O
were	O
unilateral	O
and	O
(	O
or	O
)	O
bilateral	O
multi	O
-	O
focal	O
or	O
solitary	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
nodular	O
opacities	B-DISO
(	O
9	O
patients	O
).	O

The	O
colony	O
occurrences	O
and	O
similar	O
clinical	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
imaging	O
manifestations	O
are	O
characteristics	O
of	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
CP	O
in	O
medical	O
workers	O
.	O

An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
CP	O
should	O
be	O
differentiated	B-PROC
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
mutation	O
of	O
factor	B-PRGE
V	I-PRGE
G1601A	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
FV	I-PRGE
Leiden	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
and	O
prothrombin	B-PRGE
G20210A	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
percentage	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
3	O
or	O
more	O
abnormal	O
indicators	O
was	O
72	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
44	O
/	O
61	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
group	O
,	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
17	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
9	O
/	O
52	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
levels	O
of	O
PC	O
,	O
AT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
PLG	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
group	O
were	O
85	O
%	O
+/-	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Trends	O
of	O
hypercoagulation	O
and	O
hypofibrinolysis	O
exist	O
in	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
rDIs	O
elicited	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
specific	O
serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
and	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
in	O
vaccinated	O
mice	B-SPEC
following	O
intranasal	O
or	O
subcutaneous	O
administration	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Taiwan	O
experienced	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
serious	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
during	O
the	O
2003	O
epidemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
climatologic	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Beijing	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
dissociation	B-DISO
constant	O
of	O
AS3	B-CHED
-	O
3	O
was	O
1	O
.	O
98	O
x	O
10	O
(-	O
8	O
)	O
M	O
.	O
Immunofluorescent	O
microscopy	O
revealed	O
that	O
it	O
reacted	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
recruited	O
353	O
and	O
361	O
children	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
and	O
low	O
-	O
risk	O
areas	O
and	O
collected	O
3	O
to	O
5	O
mL	O
of	O
blood	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
testing	O
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
antibody	B-COMP
assay	O
and	O
confirmation	O
by	O
neutralization	O
test	O
.	O

The	O
genome	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
contains	O
four	O
structural	O
genes	O
that	O
are	O
homologous	O
to	O
genes	O
found	O
in	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
six	O
subgroup	O
-	O
specific	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
).	O

This	O
increased	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
developing	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
has	O
been	O
evaluated	O
by	O
many	O
investigators	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
common	O
variable	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
For	O
patients	O
with	O
most	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
conservative	O
treatment	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
is	O
often	O
not	O
sufficient	O
to	O
prevent	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
additional	O
strategies	O
are	O
necessary	O
.	O

Conventional	O
practice	O
from	O
the	O
findings	O
consisted	O
of	O
cubicle	O
and	O
named	O
nurse	O
nursing	B-PROC
.	O

While	O
the	O
former	O
reflected	O
modified	O
team	O
and	O
functional	O
nursing	B-PROC
,	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
confine	O
patient	O
care	O
within	O
a	O
cubicle	O
as	O
suggested	O
by	O
its	O
name	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
latter	O
depicted	O
a	O
modified	O
primary	O
nursing	B-PROC
approach	O
in	O
a	O
team	O
,	O
with	O
delegation	O
of	O
care	O
.	O

Earlier	O
treatment	O
with	O
drotrecogin	O
alfa	O
(	O
activated	O
)	O
(	O
DrotAA	O
)	O
may	O
also	O
improve	O
outcomes	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
two	O
distinct	O
membrane	B-COMP
topologies	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
may	O
provide	O
a	O
useful	O
clue	O
to	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

The	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
of	O
CVVH	O
on	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
may	O
be	O
connected	O
with	O
improvements	O
in	O
systemic	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
reduction	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cytokine	O
concentration	O
and	O
decreased	B-DISO
activity	I-DISO
of	O
NF	O
-	O
ê	O
B	O
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
HV	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
LV	O
group	O
at	O
6	O
h	O
,	O
12	O
h	O
,	O
24	O
h	O
and	O
48	O
h	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

In	O
Phase	O
2	O
,	O
MIGET	O
showed	O
diversion	O
of	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
from	O
normal	O
to	O
true	O
-	O
shunt	O
lung	B-ANAT
compartments	B-ANAT
and	O
,	O
transiently	O
,	O
to	O
poorly	O
ventilated	O
compartments	B-ANAT
.	O

Frameshifting	O
is	O
promoted	O
by	O
an	O
mRNA	B-CHED
signal	O
composed	O
of	O
two	O
essential	O
elements	O
:	O
a	O
heptanucleotide	O
'	O
slippery	O
'	O
sequence	O
and	O
an	O
adjacent	O
mRNA	B-CHED
secondary	O
structure	O
,	O
most	O
often	O
an	O
mRNA	B-CHED
pseudoknot	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
parallel	O
solid	O
-	O
phase	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
aldehydes	B-CHED
has	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O

Protected	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
aldehydes	B-CHED
obtained	O
by	O
the	O
racemization	B-PROC
-	O
free	O
oxidation	B-PROC
of	O
amino	B-CHED
alcohols	I-CHED
with	O
Dess	O
-	O
Martin	O
periodinane	O
were	O
immobilized	O
on	O
threonyl	B-CHED
resins	O
as	O
oxazolidines	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
the	O
authors	O
'	O
knowledge	O
,	O
no	O
satisfactory	O
therapy	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
refractory	O
germ	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
neoplasms	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
,	O
arsenic	B-CHED
trioxide	I-CHED
in	O
the	O
dose	O
regimen	O
and	O
schedule	O
employed	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
no	O
activity	O
in	O
men	O
with	O
refractory	O
germ	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
malignancies	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PBMCs	O
)	O
from	O
fully	O
recovered	O
SARS	B-DISO
individuals	O
rapidly	O
produced	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
following	O
stimulation	O
with	O
a	O
pool	O
of	O
overlapping	O
peptides	B-CHED
that	O
cover	O
the	O
entire	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
sequence	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
subgenomic	O
transcripts	O
are	O
not	O
only	O
3	O
'	O
co	O
-	O
terminal	O
but	O
also	O
contain	O
a	O
common	O
5	O
'	O
leader	O
sequence	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
genomic	O
5	O
'	O
end	O
.	O

In	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
presumed	O
common	O
ancestry	O
of	O
nidoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
recent	O
finding	O
that	O
ronivirus	O
and	O
torovirus	B-SPEC
mRNAs	O
do	O
not	O
contain	O
a	O
common	O
5	O
'	O
leader	O
sequence	O
is	O
surprising	O
.	O

These	O
studies	O
have	O
focused	O
on	O
a	O
particular	O
outbreak	O
event	O
,	O
the	O
rapid	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
throughout	O
Amoy	O
Gardens	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
,	O
private	O
apartment	O
complex	O
.	O

Two	O
relevant	O
protein	B-CHED
families	O
,	O
the	O
alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
carbonic	I-PRGE
anhydrases	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
kinases	O
,	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
our	O
cluster	O
approach	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Reproductive	B-PROC
losses	O
in	O
camelids	O
are	O
due	O
to	O
infertility	O
,	O
pregnancy	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
,	O
udder	B-ANAT
diseases	O
and	O
neonatal	O
mortality	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
brucellosis	B-DISO
and	O
trypanosomiasis	B-DISO
represent	O
the	O
major	O
causes	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
abortion	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
and	O
Africa	O
.	O

Udder	B-ANAT
infections	B-DISO
are	O
primarily	O
due	O
to	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
agalactiae	I-SPEC
and	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
are	O
more	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
fusogenic	O
state	O
of	O
HRC	B-PRGE
may	O
be	O
better	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Gnotobiotic	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
intratracheally	O
with	O
PRCV	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
34	O
)	O
or	O
saline	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
)	O
and	O
euthanized	O
1	O
-	O
15days	O
post	O
inoculation	O
(	O
DPI	O
).	O

LBP	B-DISO
and	O
soluble	O
CD14	B-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluids	I-ANAT
were	O
elevated	O
from	O
1	O
-	O
12DPI	O
,	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
35	O
-	O
and	O
4	O
-	O
fold	O
increases	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

When	O
considered	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
structural	O
and	O
thermodynamic	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
domains	O
suggest	O
a	O
possible	O
mechanism	O
whereby	O
the	O
HR	O
regions	O
,	O
initially	O
sequestered	O
in	O
the	O
native	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
spike	O
,	O
are	O
released	O
and	O
refold	O
sequentially	O
to	O
promote	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

For	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
an	O
epidemiological	O
investigation	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
know	O
whether	O
the	O
patient	O
has	O
been	O
exposed	O
to	O
a	O
risk	O
in	O
a	O
country	O
where	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
circulating	O
or	O
whether	O
the	O
patient	O
had	O
worked	O
in	O
a	O
laboratory	O
handling	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
possible	O
in	O
various	O
clinical	O
samples	O
(	O
including	O
urine	B-ANAT
)	O
by	O
viral	O
culture	O
or	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

The	O
handling	O
of	O
those	O
samples	O
and	O
RNA	O
extraction	O
must	O
be	O
performed	O
in	O
a	O
BSL3	B-PRGE
laboratory	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
is	O
poorly	O
sensitive	O
,	O
therefore	O
the	O
test	O
should	O
be	O
performed	O
on	O
samples	O
collected	O
consecutively	O
for	O
several	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
A	O
/	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
confirmed	O
by	O
viral	O
isolation	O
or	O
RNA	O
detection	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
fatal	O
disease	O
in	O
puppies	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
pathogenic	O
variant	O
of	O
CCoV	O
that	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
organs	B-ANAT
with	O
severe	O
lesions	O
.	O

We	O
screened	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
collected	O
from	O
December	O
16	O
,	O
2001	O
,	O
to	O
December	O
15	O
,	O
2002	O
,	O
from	O
children	O
<	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
who	O
tested	O
negative	O
for	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
for	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

Children	O
who	O
had	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
infection	B-DISO
had	O
evidence	O
of	O
either	O
upper	O
or	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
or	O
both	O
.	O

HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
is	O
therefore	O
likely	O
circulating	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Phase	O
I	O
trial	O
of	O
the	O
trifunctional	O
anti	O
-	O
HER2	B-PRGE
x	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CD3	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
ertumaxomab	O
in	O
metastatic	B-DISO
breast	B-ANAT
cancer	B-SPEC
.	O

Antitumor	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
was	O
seen	O
in	O
5	O
out	O
of	O
15	O
evaluable	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
one	O
with	O
a	O
complete	O
response	O
,	O
two	O
with	O
partial	O
responses	O
,	O
two	O
with	O
stable	O
disease	O
)	O
at	O
dose	O
levels	O
of	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
100	O
microg	O
.	O

Measurements	O
of	O
cytokines	O
(	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
)	O
suggest	O
a	O
strong	O
T	B-ANAT
helper	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
type	O
1	O
-	O
associated	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Direct	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
KKS	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
experimental	O
acute	B-DISO
arthritis	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
enterocolitis	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
documented	O
by	O
previous	O
studies	O
from	O
our	O
laboratory	O
using	O
experimental	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

We	O
showed	O
a	O
genetic	O
difference	O
in	O
kininogen	O
structure	O
between	O
resistant	O
Buffalo	O
and	O
susceptible	O
Lewis	O
rats	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
results	O
in	O
accelerated	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
HK	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
process	O
in	O
the	O
Lewis	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Modelling	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
readings	O
from	O
primary	O
care	O
consults	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
surveillance	O
in	O
an	O
army	O
medical	O
centre	O
.	O

We	O
model	O
the	O
detection	O
limits	O
of	O
a	O
potential	O
system	O
based	O
on	O
primary	O
care	O
consults	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
by	O
different	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
causes	O
alterations	O
in	O
the	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
and	O
translational	B-PROC
patterns	O
,	O
cell	B-PATH
cycle	I-PATH
,	O
cytoskeleton	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
pathways	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
may	O
cause	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
alter	O
immune	O
and	O
stress	O
responses	O
,	O
and	O
modify	O
the	O
coagulation	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
the	O
up	O
-	O
and	O
downregulated	O
genes	O
could	O
explain	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

CoV	O
transcription	B-PROC
involves	O
a	O
discontinuous	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
(	O
template	O
switching	O
)	O
during	O
the	O
extension	O
of	O
a	O
negative	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
.	O

CoV	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
have	O
RNA	O
chaperone	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
that	O
may	O
help	O
initiate	O
template	O
switching	O
.	O

Multiple	O
lines	O
of	O
experimental	O
data	O
including	O
gel	O
-	O
filtration	O
,	O
chemical	O
cross	O
-	O
linking	O
,	O
and	O
circular	O
diagram	O
(	O
CD	O
)	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
fusion	O
core	O
possesses	B-DISO
the	O
typical	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
trimer	O
of	O
coiled	O
-	O
coil	O
heterodimer	O
(	O
six	O
alpha	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
).	O

Collectively	O
,	O
HCoV	O
-	O
229E	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
two	O
heptad	O
-	O
repeat	O
regions	O
(	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
),	O
furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
available	O
knowledge	O
concerning	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
fusion	O
core	O
may	O
make	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
design	O
small	O
molecule	O
or	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
drugs	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
a	O
crucial	O
step	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
data	O
for	O
these	O
patients	O
were	O
correlated	O
to	O
identify	O
risk	O
factors	O
that	O
might	O
increase	O
the	O
likelihood	O
of	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
CT	O
abnormalities	O
.	O

The	O
AutoDock	O
3	O
.	O
011	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
molecular	O
docking	B-PROC
of	O
50	O
ligands	O
to	O
their	O
macromolecular	O
protein	B-CHED
receptors	O
.	O

As	O
PRCoV	O
shares	O
some	O
epitopes	O
for	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
with	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
,	O
it	O
acts	O
like	O
a	O
nature	O
-	O
made	O
vaccine	O
against	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
drastic	O
reduction	O
of	O
TGE	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
in	O
Europe	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
preexisting	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
AdH5	I-PRGE
NAbs	I-PRGE
have	O
a	O
minimal	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
potency	O
of	O
the	O
AdC7	O
-	O
based	O
genetic	O
vaccine	O
.	O

NL63	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
strains	O
were	O
not	O
found	O
to	O
circulate	O
in	O
2003	O
-	O
2004	O
,	O
and	O
229E	O
-	O
like	O
strains	O
did	O
not	O
circulate	O
in	O
2004	O
-	O
2005	O
,	O
while	O
OC43	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
strains	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
both	O
seasons	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
at	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
replication	O
cycle	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
novel	O
neutralizing	O
epitopes	O
in	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
:	O
revealing	O
the	O
critical	O
antigenic	O
determinants	O
in	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
.	O

Mycobacterium	B-SPEC
bovis	I-SPEC
DNA	O
was	O
identified	O
by	O
PCR	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
and	O
bronchoaspirate	O
(	O
BAS	B-CHED
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
Vero	O
cell	O
attenuated	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
strain	O
,	O
DR13	O
,	O
was	O
distinguished	O
from	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
using	O
restriction	O
enzyme	O
fragment	O
length	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
(	O
RFLP	O
).	O

The	O
IC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
values	O
for	O
Radix	B-SPEC
et	O
Rhizoma	O
Rhei	O
(	O
the	O
root	B-ANAT
tubers	B-SPEC
of	O
Rheum	B-SPEC
officinale	I-SPEC
Baill	O
.),	O
Radix	B-SPEC
Polygoni	O
multiflori	O
(	O
the	O
root	B-ANAT
tubers	B-SPEC
of	O
Polygonum	B-SPEC
multiflorum	I-SPEC
Thunb	O
.),	O
and	O
Caulis	O
Polygoni	O
multiflori	O
(	O
the	O
vines	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
multiflorum	I-SPEC
Thunb	O
.)	O
ranged	O
from	O
1	O
to	O
10	O
microg	O
/	O
ml	O
.	O

The	O
3	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
pose	O
very	O
different	O
threats	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
pathogen	O
that	O
caused	O
an	O
international	O
pandemic	O
;	O
the	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
investigation	O
involved	O
an	O
old	O
pathogen	O
that	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
location	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
anthrax	B-DISO
attacks	O
involved	O
the	O
intentional	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
pathogen	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
3	O
emerging	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
pose	O
very	O
different	O
threats	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
pathogen	O
that	O
caused	O
an	O
international	O
pandemic	O
;	O
the	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
investigation	O
involved	O
an	O
old	O
pathogen	O
that	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
location	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
anthrax	B-DISO
attacks	O
involved	O
the	O
intentional	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
pathogen	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
S1	O
MAbs	O
,	O
17	O
MAbs	O
targeted	B-PROC
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
(	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
[	O
aa	O
]	O
12	O
to	O
327	O
),	O
9	O
MAbs	O
recognized	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
;	O
aa	O
318	O
to	O
510	O
),	O
and	O
6	O
MAbs	O
reacted	O
with	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
S1	O
domain	O
that	O
contains	O
the	O
major	O
immunodominant	O
site	O
(	O
aa	O
528	O
to	O
635	O
).	O

This	O
panel	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
S	O
MAbs	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
tools	O
for	O
studying	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Endosomal	O
proteolysis	B-PROC
by	O
cathepsins	O
is	O
necessary	O
for	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
type	O
2	O
spike	O
-	O
mediated	O
entry	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
here	O
that	O
while	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
prototype	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
strain	O
is	O
not	O
sensitive	O
to	O
pretreatment	O
with	O
lysosomotropic	O
agents	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
replication	O
is	O
significantly	O
inhibited	O
by	O
these	O
agents	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
acidification	B-PROC
is	O
likely	O
not	O
a	O
direct	O
trigger	O
for	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
spike	O
-	O
mediated	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
as	O
low	O
-	O
pH	O
treatment	O
is	O
unable	O
to	O
overcome	O
ammonium	O
chloride	O
inhibition	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
it	O
also	O
cannot	O
induce	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
between	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
immunoelectron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
vesicles	B-COMP
could	O
be	O
labeled	O
with	O
replicase	B-PRGE
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Opposite	O
to	O
what	O
was	O
described	O
for	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
observe	O
the	O
late	O
relocalization	O
of	O
specific	O
replicase	B-PRGE
subunits	O
to	O
the	O
presumed	O
site	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
was	O
labeled	O
using	O
an	O
antiserum	O
against	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
conclusion	O
was	O
further	O
supported	O
using	O
organelle	B-COMP
-	O
specific	O
marker	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

Similar	O
morphological	O
studies	O
and	O
labeling	O
experiments	O
argued	O
against	O
the	O
previously	O
proposed	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
autophagic	O
pathway	B-PROC
as	O
the	O
source	O
for	O
the	O
vesicles	B-COMP
with	O
which	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
is	O
associated	O
and	O
instead	O
suggested	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
likely	O
donor	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
membranes	B-ANAT
that	O
carry	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
replication	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Unlike	O
nuclear	O
localization	B-PROC
signals	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
obvious	O
consensus	O
sequence	O
for	O
the	O
targeting	B-PROC
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
nucleolus	B-COMP
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
a	O
classical	O
nuclear	B-PROC
export	I-PROC
signal	O
(	O
NES	B-SPEC
)	O
functioned	O
to	O
direct	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
hypothesise	O
that	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
uses	O
these	O
signals	O
to	O
traffic	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
nucleolus	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ulcerative	B-DISO
colitis	I-DISO
(	O
UC	O
)	O
can	O
manifest	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
extra	O
-	O
intestinal	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
frequently	O
affecting	O
the	O
skin	B-ANAT
,	O
joints	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
.	O

Testing	O
for	O
alpha1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
antitrypsin	I-PRGE
deficiency	O
in	O
UC	O
patients	O
may	O
detect	O
individuals	O
at	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
severe	O
extra	O
-	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
22	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
is	O
presented	O
with	O
acute	O
gastric	O
dilation	O
after	O
an	O
eating	B-PROC
binge	B-DISO
,	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
complications	O
of	O
acute	O
reperfusion	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Femoral	B-PROC
pulses	I-PROC
were	O
absent	O
.	O

Several	O
cases	O
documenting	O
complications	O
of	O
gastric	B-DISO
dilatation	I-DISO
were	O
published	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
such	O
severe	O
complications	O
,	O
involving	O
gastric	B-ANAT
infarction	B-DISO
and	O
compression	O
of	O
the	O
aorta	B-ANAT
with	O
ischemic	O
injury	O
of	O
the	O
bowels	B-ANAT
and	O
lower	B-ANAT
extremities	I-ANAT
,	O
are	O
rare	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
A	O
young	O
patient	O
was	O
admitted	O
in	O
our	O
clinic	O
with	O
critical	O
condition	B-DISO
without	O
any	O
significant	O
previous	O
medical	O
history	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Acute	O
gastric	B-DISO
dilatation	I-DISO
is	O
very	O
uncommon	O
and	O
is	O
of	O
various	O
etiologies	O
,	O
two	O
of	O
these	O
being	O
anorexia	B-DISO
nervosa	I-DISO
and	O
bulimia	B-DISO
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
delineate	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
severe	O
maternal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
placental	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
and	O
pregnancy	O
outcome	O
.	O

The	O
aetiology	O
of	O
the	O
FTV	O
might	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
thrombotic	O
tendency	O
due	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
placental	B-ANAT
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
were	O
also	O
significant	O
positive	O
correlations	O
amongst	O
various	O
biochemical	O
bone	B-ANAT
markers	O
in	O
this	O
patient	O
cohort	O
.	O

The	O
Day	O
28	O
-	O
44	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
CTx	B-DISO
coincided	O
with	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
use	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
also	O
significant	O
positive	O
correlations	O
amongst	O
various	O
biochemical	O
bone	B-ANAT
markers	O
in	O
this	O
patient	O
cohort	O
.	O

Complement	O
titres	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
vaccinated	O
birds	B-SPEC
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
WLH	O
birds	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
RIR	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
lentogenic	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
resulted	O
in	O
an	O
immediate	O
stimulation	O
of	O
complement	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
,	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
decrease	O
to	O
initial	O
complement	O
levels	O
within	O
2	O
weeks	O
post	O
vaccination	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
took	O
over	O
immune	O
defence	O
.	O

As	O
compared	O
to	O
WLH	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
RIR	O
birds	B-SPEC
mounted	O
a	O
faster	O
and	O
significantly	O
higher	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
the	O
vaccine	O
viruses	B-SPEC
used	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
spectrum	O
of	O
disease	O
and	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
CoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
relation	O
to	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
unknown	O
.	O

Similar	O
to	O
the	O
case	O
for	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
presentation	O
of	O
CoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
,	O
although	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
asthmatic	B-DISO
exacerbation	O
also	O
occurred	O
.	O

CoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
peaked	O
in	O
winter	O
,	O
although	O
cases	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
also	O
occurred	O
in	O
spring	O
to	O
early	O
summer	O
.	O

Two	O
of	O
the	O
siRNA	O
expression	O
cassettes	O
for	O
RDRP	B-FUNC
successfully	O
inhibited	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
gene	O
,	O
whereas	O
both	O
of	O
the	O
siRNA	O
expression	B-PROC
cassettes	O
for	O
envelope	B-COMP
E	O
decreased	O
approx	O
90	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
envelope	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
viruses	O
in	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
may	O
have	O
been	O
previously	O
underestimated	O
.	O

Of	O
340	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
,	O
198	O
had	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
available	O
and	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
aetiological	O
agent	O
was	O
S	O
.	O
neumoniae	O
(	O
58	O
patients	O
,	O
29	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
46	O
patients	O
,	O
23	O
%).	O

The	O
only	O
clinical	O
characteristic	O
that	O
significantly	O
distinguished	O
viral	O
from	O
bacterial	O
aetiology	O
was	O
a	O
lower	O
number	O
of	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
).	O

There	O
is	O
an	O
urgent	O
need	O
to	O
reconsider	O
routine	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
for	O
an	O
adequate	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
are	O
unable	O
to	O
reliably	O
distinguish	O
viral	O
from	O
bacterial	O
aetiology	O
.	O

The	O
only	O
clinical	O
characteristic	O
that	O
significantly	O
distinguished	O
viral	O
from	O
bacterial	O
aetiology	O
was	O
a	O
lower	O
number	O
of	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isatin	B-CHED
compounds	O
as	O
noncovalent	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
series	O
of	O
isatin	O
derivatives	O
were	O
synthesized	O
and	O
tested	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

Further	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
only	O
10	O
-	O
15	O
-	O
fold	O
less	O
inhibitory	O
against	O
human	B-SPEC
HBV	B-DISO
in	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
.	O
15	O
cells	B-COMP
than	O
the	O
reference	O
drug	O
,	O
lamivudine	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
relationships	O
between	O
a	O
known	O
history	O
of	O
diabetes	B-DISO
and	O
ambient	O
fasting	O
plasma	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
(	O
FPG	O
)	O
levels	O
with	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
morbidity	O
rates	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
group	O
,	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
known	O
history	O
of	O
diabetes	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
deceased	B-PROC
patients	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
survivors	O
(	O
21	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Survival	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
FPG	B-PRGE
was	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
of	O
mortality	O
(	O
HR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
(	O
HR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
)	O
after	O
controlling	O
for	O
age	O
and	O
gender	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Management	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
:	O
current	O
knowledge	O
and	O
future	O
perspectives	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
acute	O
pancreatitis	O
,	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
drugs	O
already	O
available	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
gabexate	O
mesilate	O
,	O
lexipafant	O
and	O
somatostatin	B-PRGE
should	O
be	O
re	O
-	O
evaluated	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
probably	O
administered	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
manner	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
both	O
immature	O
and	O
mature	O
DCs	B-DISO
,	O
although	O
replication	O
efficiency	O
was	O
low	O
.	O

Interferon	O
responses	O
are	O
not	O
triggered	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
although	O
the	O
L	O
cells	B-COMP
can	O
be	O
readily	O
stimulated	O
to	O
produce	O
interferon	B-PRGE
by	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
known	O
potent	O
inducer	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
elucidated	O
based	O
on	O
information	O
from	O
standardised	O
questionnaires	O
,	O
and	O
records	O
of	O
investigation	O
and	O
surveillance	O
by	O
the	O
Department	O
of	O
Health	O
.	O

Other	O
pathogens	O
identified	O
included	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

With	O
heightened	O
concern	O
over	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
another	O
global	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
,	O
such	O
surveillance	O
could	O
prove	O
critical	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
emerging	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	O
pathogen	O
strains	O
with	O
potential	O
for	O
importation	O
to	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Data	O
was	O
collected	O
prospectively	O
through	O
an	O
ongoing	O
emergency	B-DISO
airway	B-ANAT
registry	O
.	O

The	O
complication	B-DISO
rates	O
were	O
10	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
9	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
and	O
9	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
in	O
periods	B-PROC
1	O
-	O
3	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Restriction	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
healthcare	O
staff	O
attending	O
to	O
each	O
patient	O
may	O
have	O
influenced	O
the	O
department	O
'	O
s	O
decision	O
to	O
allow	O
only	O
the	O
most	O
confident	O
or	O
experienced	O
personnel	O
to	O
manage	O
the	O
airway	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
EDs	B-DISO
would	O
isolate	O
patients	O
with	O
potential	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
however	O
,	O
47	O
(	O
23	O
%)	O
would	O
not	O
isolate	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
chickenpox	B-DISO
,	O
37	O
(	O
18	O
%)	O
EDS	B-DISO
would	O
not	O
isolate	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
TB	O
,	O
12	O
(	O
6	O
%)	O
EDS	B-DISO
would	O
not	O
isolate	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
55	O
(	O
27	O
%)	O
EDS	B-DISO
would	O
not	O
isolate	O
patients	O
with	O
other	O
suspicious	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Biophysical	O
characterization	O
of	O
HRC	B-PRGE
peptide	I-PRGE
analogs	O
interaction	O
with	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
Spike	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
core	O
.	O

Findings	O
showed	O
that	O
public	O
stigma	O
was	O
the	O
highest	O
towards	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
,	O
followed	O
by	O
TB	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Clinical	O
diagnosis	O
comprises	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
assessed	O
by	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
ratio	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
200	O
and	O
bilateral	O
infiltrate	B-DISO
on	O
a	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
left	O
atrial	B-ANAT
hypertension	B-DISO
.	O

Bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
shows	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
predominance	O
with	O
increased	O
edema	B-DISO
fluid	O
to	O
serum	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
ratio	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Describe	O
initial	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
validation	O
of	O
a	O
test	O
battery	O
composed	O
of	O
established	O
instruments	O
designed	O
to	O
detect	O
,	O
via	O
telephone	O
interview	O
,	O
cognitive	O
abnormalities	O
in	O
survivors	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

There	O
was	O
convergence	O
of	O
cognitive	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
with	O
moderate	O
/	O
severe	O
anxiety	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
008	O
),	O
the	O
Sickness	O
Impact	O
Profile	O
Psychosocial	O
Summary	O
Score	O
(	O
mean	O
difference	O
,	O
15	O
.	O
3	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
74	O
-	O
22	O
.	O
9	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
mental	O
health	O
domains	O
of	O
the	O
Short	O
Form	O
36	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
serum	B-COMP
-	O
free	O
culture	O
system	O
for	O
primary	O
neonatal	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
that	O
can	O
support	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
octamer	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
transcription	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
(	O
Oct	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
+)	I-PRGE
epithelial	O
colonies	O
with	O
a	O
surrounding	O
mesenchymal	O
stroma	B-ANAT
.	O

Lastly	O
,	O
these	O
Oct	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
epithelial	O
colony	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
also	O
express	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
are	O
the	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
primary	O
cultures	O
and	O
support	O
active	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
leading	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
destruction	O
.	O

These	O
observations	O
imply	O
the	O
possible	O
involvement	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
stem	B-ANAT
/	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
pneumocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
the	O
continued	O
deterioration	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
and	O
apparent	O
loss	O
of	O
capacity	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
repair	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
NTD	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Gray	O
strain	O
at	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
A	O
resolution	O
exhibits	O
a	O
U	O
-	O
shaped	O
structure	O
,	O
with	O
two	O
arms	B-DISO
rich	O
in	O
basic	O
residues	O
,	O
providing	O
a	O
module	O
for	O
specific	O
interaction	O
with	O
RNA	O
.	O

The	O
variety	O
of	O
quaternary	O
arrangements	O
of	O
the	O
NTD	O
and	O
CTD	O
revealed	O
by	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
different	O
crystal	B-ANAT
forms	O
delineates	O
possible	O
interfaces	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
flexible	O
filamentous	O
ribonucleocapsid	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Zoonosis	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
emerging	O
diseases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Our	O
previous	O
reports	O
,	O
both	O
experimental	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
studies	O
,	O
have	O
shown	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
fibrinogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
fgl2	B-PRGE
)	O
prothrombinase	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
fulminant	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
disease	O
with	O
a	O
mortality	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
80	O
%	O
in	O
cases	O
lacking	O
immediate	O
organ	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

On	O
hydrodynamic	O
delivery	O
,	O
mfgl2	O
antisense	O
plasmid	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
mfgl2	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
vivo	O
;	O
markedly	O
ameliorated	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
infiltration	I-DISO
,	O
fibrin	B-DISO
deposition	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
hepatocyte	B-ANAT
necrosis	B-PROC
;	O
prolonged	O
the	O
survival	O
time	O
period	O
;	O
and	O
elevated	O
the	O
survival	O
rate	O
among	O
BALB	O
/	O
cJ	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
type	O
3	O
-	O
induced	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Whole	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cytokine	O
profiles	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
infected	O
by	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
healthy	O
non	O
-	O
FCoV	O
infected	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
cats	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
studied	O
the	O
psychological	B-DISO
impact	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
to	O
understand	O
if	O
age	O
and	O
residential	O
location	O
were	O
risk	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
post	O
-	O
traumatic	O
disturbance	O
,	O
namely	O
intrusion	O
,	O
avoidance	O
,	O
and	O
hyperarousal	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
probable	O
post	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
traumatic	I-DISO
stress	I-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
(	O
PTSD	B-DISO
)	O
cases	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
older	O
people	O
and	O
in	O
residents	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
prevalent	O
regions	O
.	O

Data	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
retrieved	O
from	O
a	O
database	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
by	O
logistic	O
regression	O
and	O
Cox	O
regression	O
for	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
on	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
hospitalization	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
complication	B-DISO
presentation	O
.	O

102	O
.	O
3	O
mg	O
,	O
and	O
25	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
these	O
401	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
any	O
benefits	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
rate	O
and	O
hospitalization	O
days	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
protective	O
factors	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
nosocomial	O
infection	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
among	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
),	O
and	O
thus	O
provide	O
the	O
scientific	O
basis	O
for	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

With	O
the	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
standardized	O
questionnaire	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
data	O
collection	O
in	O
three	O
general	O
hospitals	O
where	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
had	O
occurred	O
.	O

All	O
concerned	O
factors	O
about	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
were	O
scanned	O
by	O
using	O
Chi	B-CHED
-	O
square	O
test	O
and	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
exact	O
test	O
one	O
by	O
one	O
,	O
and	O
determined	O
as	O
to	O
whether	O
they	O
were	O
risk	O
factors	O
or	O
protective	O
factors	O
according	O
to	O
odd	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
score	O
.	O

Three	O
days	O
later	O
an	O
abnormal	O
chest	B-ANAT
shadow	O
was	O
pointed	O
out	O
.	O

Considering	O
the	O
clinical	O
course	O
and	O
laboratory	O
data	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
probably	O
drug	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
caused	O
by	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
specimens	O
were	O
also	O
collected	O
from	O
49	O
children	O
from	O
Anhui	O
province	O
which	O
was	O
non	O
-	O
epidemic	O
region	O
and	O
93	O
healthy	O
kindergarten	O
children	O
without	O
history	O
of	O
contacting	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
Beijing	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

In	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
who	O
closely	O
contacted	O
with	O
these	O
clinically	O
diagnosed	O
SARS	B-DISO
adult	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
positive	O
rates	O
of	O
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
whole	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
0	O
to	O
9	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
to	O
7	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
specimens	O
collected	O
from	O
healthy	O
children	O
before	O
and	O
during	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Beijing	O
and	O
children	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
epidemic	O
region	O
was	O
positive	O
when	O
IFA	O
methods	O
and	O
ELISA	O
with	O
Beier	O
kits	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
detection	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
were	O
positive	O
when	O
ELISA	O
with	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
kit	B-FUNC
from	O
other	O
source	O
was	O
applied	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
15	O
-	O
28	O
in	O
the	O
ectodomain	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3a	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
induces	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
latter	O
targeted	B-PROC
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
domain	I-ANAT
of	O
3a	O
(	O
aa	O
134	O
-	O
274	O
).	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
memory	B-PROC
CD4	I-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
central	O
memory	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
CD45RO	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CCR7	I-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD62L	I-PRGE
(-).	O

These	O
data	O
may	O
have	O
an	O
important	O
implication	O
in	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
designing	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
against	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	O
,	O
specifically	O
in	O
defining	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
populations	O
that	O
are	O
implicated	O
in	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

Intravenous	O
infusion	O
of	O
cobra	O
venom	O
factor	O
(	O
CVF	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
reliably	O
and	O
selectively	O
induces	O
rapid	O
intravascular	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
complement	O
system	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
acute	O
organ	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

These	O
cytokines	O
,	O
especially	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1	I-FUNC
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
have	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

In	O
view	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
softwares	O
,	O
ZCURVE_CoV	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
and	O
ZCURVE_CoV	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
(	O
http	O
://	O
tubic	O
.	O
tju	O
.	O
edu	O
.	O
cn	O
/	O
sars	B-DISO
/),	O
developed	O
recently	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
are	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
36	O
complete	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
sequences	O
in	O
the	O
gene	O
bank	O
NCBI	O
(	O
http	O
://	O
www	O
.	O
ncbi	O
.	O
nlm	O
.	O
nih	O
.	O
gov	O
/)	O
from	O
different	O
sources	O
for	O
protein	B-CHED
coding	O
genes	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
in	O
polyproteins	O
pp1a	B-PRGE
and	O
pp1ab	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
analysis	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
eosinophilic	I-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
with	O
t	O
(	O
4	O
;	O
10	O
)	O
showing	O
good	O
response	O
to	O
imatinib	B-CHED
mesylate	I-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
karyotypic	O
examination	O
of	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
revealed	O
that	O
chromosomal	B-DISO
translocation	B-PROC
with	O
t	O
(	O
4	O
;	O
10	O
)(	O
q12	O
;	O
p11	O
)	O
had	O
occurred	O
in	O
2000	O
,	O
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
eosinophilic	I-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
molecular	O
analysis	O
using	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
.	O

Saikosaponins	O
isolated	O
from	O
medicinal	O
plants	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
Bupleurum	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
.,	I-PRGE
Heteromorpha	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

Using	O
the	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
bis	B-FUNC
[	O
2	O
-	O
methoxy	B-CHED
-	O
4	O
-	O
nitro	B-CHED
-	O
5	O
-	O
sulfophenyl	O
]-	O
5	O
-[(	O
phenylamino	B-CHED
)	O
carbonyl	B-CHED
-	O
2H	O
-	O
tetrazolium	O
hydroxide	B-CHED
]	O
(	O
XTT	O
)	O
assay	O
,	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
all	O
saikosaponins	O
tested	O
demonstrated	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
at	O
concentrations	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
25	O
-	O
25	O
micromol	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
strongest	O
activity	O
being	O
noted	O
for	O
saikosaponin	O
B2	O
(	O
IC50	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
+/-	O

In	O
the	O
time	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
addition	O
studies	O
,	O
saikosaponin	O
B2	O
,	O
at	O
6	O
micromol	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
significantly	O
inhibited	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
following	O
its	O
addition	O
at	O
various	O
time	O
pre	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
(-	O
4	O
to	O
-	O
1	O
h	O
),	O
coinfection	B-DISO
(	O
0	O
h	O
)	O
and	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
h	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Perinatal	O
outcomes	O
with	O
laser	B-SPEC
surgery	O
for	O
twin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
twin	I-DISO
transfusion	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

On	O
brain	B-ANAT
imaging	O
,	O
ischemic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
seen	O
in	O
12	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
amnioreduction	O
group	O
and	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
laser	B-SPEC
group	O
of	O
infants	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
these	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
perinatal	O
outcomes	O
are	O
improved	O
with	O
less	O
neonatal	O
morbidity	O
for	O
monochorionic	O
pregnancies	B-PROC
with	O
severe	O
TTTS	O
treated	O
by	O
laser	B-SPEC
ablation	O
of	O
communicating	O
placental	B-ANAT
vessels	B-ANAT
when	O
compared	O
to	O
treatment	O
by	O
amnioreduction	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
compare	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
a	O
sustained	O
inflation	O
followed	O
by	O
an	O
incremental	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
trial	O
during	O
conventional	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
on	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
large	O
porcine	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
early	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

5	O
vs	O
.	O
PCV	B-CHED
:	O
62	O
+/-	O
13	O
and	O
T	O
(	O
Ali	O
):	O
55	O
+/-	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
final	O
size	O
formula	O
is	O
unchanged	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
latent	O
stage	O
,	O
any	O
number	O
of	O
distinct	O
infectious	B-DISO
stages	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
a	O
stage	O
during	O
which	O
infectives	O
are	O
isolated	O
(	O
the	O
durations	O
of	O
each	O
stage	O
can	O
be	O
drawn	O
from	O
any	O
integrable	O
distribution	O
).	O

We	O
therefore	O
screened	O
an	O
antibody	O
-	O
phage	O
library	O
derived	O
from	O
blood	B-ANAT
of	O
a	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
complementary	O
to	O
CR3014	O
.	O

The	O
mixture	B-CHED
of	O
both	O
mAbs	O
showed	O
neutralization	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
a	O
synergistic	O
fashion	O
by	O
recognizing	O
different	O
epitopes	O
on	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
clinical	O
syndrome	O
in	O
which	O
patients	O
develop	O
severe	O
and	O
progressive	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	I-PROC
defects	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
mechanical	O
dysfunction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Accelerated	O
induction	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
apoptosis	I-PROC
in	O
insect	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
by	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
membrane	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
describing	O
the	O
induction	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
apoptosis	I-PROC
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
and	O
possible	O
implications	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

The	O
high	O
incidence	O
and	O
cluster	O
occurrence	O
immediately	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
could	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
provision	O
of	O
nursing	B-PROC
care	O
and	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
parental	O
supervision	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
more	O
difficult	O
operations	O
encountered	O
as	O
reflected	O
by	O
more	O
extensive	O
clefts	O
and	O
longer	O
operation	O
time	O
.	O

Initial	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
counts	O
were	O
low	O
in	O
both	O
fatalities	O
(	O
814	O
+/-	O

After	O
controlling	O
for	O
age	O
and	O
sex	O
,	O
multiple	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
hematological	O
factors	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
fatality	O
included	O
initial	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
count	O
>	O
7000	O
/	O
microL	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
]	O
=	O
6	O
.	O
4	O
),	O
initial	O
CRP	B-PRGE
concentration	O
>	O
47	O
.	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
)	O
and	O
lactic	B-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
LDH	B-PRGE
)	O
>	O
593	O
.	O
5	O
IU	O
/	O
L	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
).	O

Initial	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
CRP	B-PRGE
and	O
LDH	B-PRGE
levels	O
are	O
important	O
predictors	O
of	O
mortality	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
its	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
and	O
specific	O
algorithm	O
,	O
it	O
did	O
incorrectly	O
deny	O
authorization	O
to	O
a	O
very	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
without	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
paper	O
analyses	O
data	O
arising	O
from	O
a	O
SARS	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Shanxi	O
province	O
of	O
China	O
involving	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
354	O
people	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
between	O
late	O
February	O
and	O
late	O
May	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
estimated	O
mean	O
incubation	O
period	O
was	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
days	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
days	O
),	O
mean	O
time	O
to	O
hospitalisation	O
was	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
days	O
),	O
mean	O
time	O
from	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
to	O
recovery	O
was	O
26	O
days	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
25	O
-	O
27	O
days	O
)	O
and	O
mean	O
time	O
from	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
21	O
days	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
16	O
-	O
26	O
days	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
brief	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
current	O
understanding	O
of	O
how	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
able	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
machinery	O
for	O
its	O
replication	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surge	O
capacity	O
associated	O
with	O
restrictions	O
on	O
nonurgent	O
hospital	O
utilization	O
and	O
expected	O
admissions	O
during	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
:	O
lessons	O
from	O
the	O
Toronto	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
,	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
,	O
emerging	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Various	O
strains	O
of	O
mouse	O
hepatitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
exhibit	O
different	O
pathogenic	O
phenotypes	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
relaxed	O
molecular	O
clock	O
approach	O
,	O
we	O
reconstructed	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
relationships	O
between	O
PHEV	O
,	O
BCoV	O
,	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
in	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
units	O
,	O
which	O
indicated	O
relatively	O
recent	O
common	O
ancestors	O
for	O
these	O
species	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
After	O
detection	O
,	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
N	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
are	O
shown	O
compared	O
to	O
controls	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hexamethylene	B-CHED
amiloride	B-CHED
blocks	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
ion	B-FUNC
channels	I-FUNC
and	O
inhibits	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

These	O
E	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
from	O
coronaviruses	O
representative	O
of	O
taxonomic	O
groups	O
1	O
-	O
3	O
:	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
),	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

We	O
engineered	O
a	O
recombinant	O
JHMV	O
with	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
immunodominant	B-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
epitope	B-CHED
(	O
rJ	O
.	O
M	O
(	O
Y135Q	O
)).	O

However	O
,	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitope	B-CHED
from	O
Listeria	B-SPEC
monocytogenes	I-SPEC
into	O
rJ	O
.	O
M	O
(	O
Y135Q	O
)	O
generated	O
a	O
highly	O
virulent	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
decrease	O
in	O
disease	O
severity	O
was	O
not	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
switch	O
from	O
Th1	O
to	O
Th2	O
predominance	O
in	O
rJ	O
.	O
M	O
(	O
Y135Q	O
)-	O
infected	O
mice	O
,	O
an	O
effect	O
on	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
function	O
,	O
or	O
differential	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
by	O
JHMV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
.	O

The	O
sequences	O
of	O
these	O
poliovirus	B-SPEC
were	O
highly	O
homologous	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
poliovirus	B-SPEC
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
strain	I-PRGE
sabin	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
genome	O
at	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
level	O
,	O
but	O
back	B-ANAT
mutations	O
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
primary	O
attenuating	O
mutation	O
sites	O
at	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
position	O
480	O
(	O
G	O
-->	O
A	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
UTR	O
and	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
position	O
2795	O
(	O
A	O
-->	O
G	O
).	O

No	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
poliovirus	B-SPEC
were	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
normal	O
controls	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
nucleolus	B-COMP
is	O
a	O
dynamic	O
subnuclear	O
structure	O
involved	O
in	O
ribosome	B-COMP
subunit	I-COMP
biogenesis	B-PROC
,	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
control	I-PROC
and	O
mediating	O
responses	O
to	O
cell	B-COMP
stress	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
functions	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
tumour	B-DISO
suppressor	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
p53	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
localizes	O
normally	O
to	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
and	O
nucleolus	B-COMP
,	O
was	O
redistributed	O
predominately	O
to	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

During	O
the	O
height	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Asia	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
Grid	O
and	O
the	O
SARShope	O
website	O
significantly	O
curved	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
by	O
helping	O
doctors	O
manage	O
the	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
and	O
in	O
-	O
home	O
care	O
of	O
quarantined	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
through	O
medical	O
data	O
exchange	O
and	O
the	O
monitoring	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
symptoms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Host	B-COMP
genetic	O
factors	O
may	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
susceptibility	O
and	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Also	O
,	O
a	O
GT	O
genotype	O
at	O
position	O
88	O
in	O
the	O
MxA	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
compared	O
to	O
a	O
GG	O
genotype	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
06	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
25	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
50	O
).	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
associated	O
protein	B-CHED
A	O
in	O
AT	O
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
AT	O
group	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
97	O
%	O
+/-	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
rats	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
PQ	O
group	O
was	O
50	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
on	O
the	O
seventh	O
day	O
while	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
the	O
AT	O
group	O
was	O
25	O
.	O
0	O
%.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Ambroxol	O
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
facilitating	O
synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
protein	B-CHED
A	O
and	O
relieves	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
injury	O
induced	O
by	O
paraquat	B-CHED
poisoning	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
and	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
optimization	O
of	O
novel	O
dihydropyrones	O
as	O
potent	O
HCV	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PATH
polymerase	I-PATH
inhibitors	I-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
non	O
-	O
nucleoside	B-PRGE
HCV	B-SPEC
NS5B	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
has	O
been	O
identified	O
from	O
screening	O
.	O

Herein	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
this	O
novel	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
dihydropyrone	O
-	O
containing	O
compounds	O
that	O
show	O
potent	O
inhibitory	O
activities	O
against	O
the	O
HCV	B-PRGE
RNA	B-PATH
polymerase	I-PATH
in	O
biochemical	O
assays	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
control	O
beliefs	O
,	O
""""	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
patient	O
caring	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
challenge	O
""""	O
""""	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
patient	O
caring	O
is	O
a	O
professional	O
responsibility	O
""","	O
""""	O
tension	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
care	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
""""	O
and	O
""""	O
support	O
from	O
team	O
members	O
""""	O
were	O
the	O
significant	O
determinants	O
of	O
the	O
intentions	O
.	O

Korean	O
clinical	O
nurses	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
not	O
willing	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
showed	O
negative	O
attitude	O
toward	O
the	O
care	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
control	O
beliefs	O
,	O
""""	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
patient	O
caring	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
challenge	O
""""	O
""""	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
patient	O
caring	O
is	O
a	O
professional	O
responsibility	O
""","	O
""""	O
tension	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
care	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
""""	O
and	O
""""	O
support	O
from	O
team	O
members	O
""""	O
were	O
the	O
significant	O
determinants	O
of	O
the	O
intentions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surge	O
capacity	O
and	O
casualization	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
resource	O
issues	O
in	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
health	O
system	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
protein	O
Nsp10	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
is	O
a	O
small	O
cleavage	B-PROC
product	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
polyprotein	I-PRGE
that	O
has	O
been	O
implicated	O
in	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
Nsp10	O
interacts	O
with	O
tRNA	B-FUNC
,	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
,	O
double	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
stranded	I-CHED
DNA	I-CHED
and	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
,	O
single	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
stranded	I-CHED
DNA	I-CHED
as	O
shown	O
by	O
gel	O
-	O
shift	O
experiments	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
RNA	O
products	O
separated	O
by	O
denaturing	O
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
,	O
Nsp15	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
cleave	O
both	O
5	O
'	O
and	O
3	O
'	O
of	O
the	O
uridine	B-CHED
.	O

Several	O
modified	O
RNAs	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
cleaved	O
by	O
Nsp15	O
can	O
bind	B-FUNC
Nsp15	O
as	O
competitive	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
young	O
woman	O
who	O
experienced	O
a	O
profound	O
reversible	O
cardiomyopathy	B-DISO
with	O
typical	O
features	O
of	O
Tako	O
-	O
Tsubo	O
'	O
s	O
syndrome	B-DISO
during	O
an	O
anaphylactic	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
two	O
patients	O
were	O
initially	O
not	O
recognised	O
as	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
were	O
reclassified	O
when	O
the	O
serology	O
test	O
results	O
were	O
available	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Patients	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
wide	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
symptoms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Radiographic	O
features	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
paediatric	O
patients	O
:	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
cases	O
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
,	O
we	O
subsequently	O
selected	O
those	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
or	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
for	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
radiographic	O
features	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
suspected	O
or	O
probable	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
our	O
study	O
were	O
comparable	O
to	O
other	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
paediatric	O
patients	O
during	O
initial	O
presentation	O
.	O

Strong	O
political	O
leadership	O
and	O
effective	O
command	O
,	O
control	O
and	O
coordination	B-PROC
of	O
responses	O
were	O
critical	O
factors	O
for	O
the	O
containment	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Audits	O
of	O
these	O
laboratories	O
in	O
2004	O
showed	O
that	O
laboratory	O
safety	O
and	O
containment	O
requirements	O
as	O
recommended	O
were	O
generally	O
met	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
paper	O
highlights	O
how	O
we	O
can	O
apply	O
our	O
knowledge	O
of	O
its	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
mode	O
of	O
transmission	O
,	O
clinical	O
course	O
,	O
ICU	O
admission	O
,	O
complications	O
,	O
predictors	O
of	O
poor	O
outcome	O
,	O
treatment	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
to	O
help	O
us	O
avert	O
a	O
catastrophic	O
outbreak	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
manage	O
our	O
resources	O
and	O
patients	O
.	O

Even	O
if	O
SARS	O
does	O
not	O
reemerge	O
,	O
the	O
experience	O
gained	O
from	O
such	O
planning	O
is	O
valuable	O
in	O
preparing	O
for	O
threats	O
of	O
bioterrorism	O
or	O
a	O
global	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
pandemic	O
.	O

Indeed	O
,	O
HCWs	O
had	O
lost	B-CHED
their	O
lives	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Understandably	O
,	O
some	O
HCWs	O
refused	O
to	O
look	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
or	O
even	O
resigned	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
function	O
was	O
evaluated	O
through	O
measurement	O
of	O
coagulation	B-PROC
factors	O
and	O
antithrombotic	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
activities	O
.	O

PCT	B-DISO
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
transfusion	O
-	O
transmitted	B-DISO
diseases	O
in	O
patients	O
requiring	O
plasma	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
support	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
prompted	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
such	O
drugs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
7a	O
accessory	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
viral	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
data	O
established	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
7a	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
a	O
SCoV	B-PRGE
accessory	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
identified	O
as	O
a	O
SCoV	B-PRGE
structural	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Further	O
genetic	O
analyses	O
showed	O
that	O
different	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
maintain	O
coronaviruses	O
from	O
different	O
groups	O
and	O
that	O
a	O
single	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
from	O
different	O
geographic	O
locations	O
supports	O
similar	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
discovery	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
the	O
2003	O
outbreak	O
,	O
it	O
infected	O
more	O
than	O
8	O
,	O
000	O
people	O
worldwide	O
and	O
claimed	O
the	O
lives	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
900	O
victims	O
.	O

Substitution	O
of	O
R190	O
with	O
W190	O
enhanced	O
the	O
affinity	O
for	O
a	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
peptide	B-CHED
6	O
fold	O
but	O
reduced	O
the	O
affinity	O
for	O
N	O
-	O
formyl	B-CHED
-	O
Nle	B-CHED
-	O
Leu	B-CHED
-	O
Phe	B-CHED
by	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
fold	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Microwave	O
-	O
assisted	O
tissue	B-ANAT
processing	O
for	O
same	O
-	O
day	O
EM	O
-	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
potential	O
bioterrorism	O
and	O
clinical	O
samples	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
all	O
samples	O
were	O
divided	O
to	O
evaluate	O
alternative	O
processing	O
protocols	O
:	O
one	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
sample	O
was	O
OsO4	O
-	O
postfixed	O
,	O
ethanol	B-CHED
-	O
dehydrated	B-DISO
,	O
Epon	O
-	O
infiltrated	B-DISO
(	O
overnight	O
)	O
in	O
an	O
automated	O
tissue	B-ANAT
processor	O
(	O
LYNX	B-SPEC
,	O
Leica	O
),	O
and	O
polymerized	O
at	O
60	O
degrees	O
C	O
for	O
48	O
h	O
;	O
in	O
parallel	O
the	O
other	O
part	O
was	O
microwave	O
-	O
assisted	O
processed	O
in	O
the	O
bench	O
microwave	O
device	O
(	O
REM	B-PROC
,	O
Milestone	O
),	O
including	O
post	O
-	O
osmication	O
and	O
the	O
resin	O
block	O
polymerization	O
.	O

The	O
structures	O
of	O
complexes	O
of	O
griffithsin	O
with	O
mannose	B-CHED
and	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylglucosamine	I-CHED
defined	O
the	O
locations	O
of	O
three	O
almost	O
identical	O
carbohydrate	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
sites	O
on	O
each	O
monomer	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
ORF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9b	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
lipid	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
alternative	O
protein	B-CHED
products	O
are	O
,	O
as	O
yet	O
,	O
poorly	O
characterized	O
structurally	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
ORF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9b	I-PRGE
and	O
other	O
overlapping	O
genes	O
suggests	O
that	O
they	O
provide	O
snapshots	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
evolution	O
of	O
novel	O
protein	B-CHED
folds	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
memory	B-PROC
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
remain	O
unclear	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

siVirus	O
searches	O
for	O
functional	O
,	O
off	O
-	O
target	O
minimized	O
siRNAs	O
targeting	B-PROC
highly	O
conserved	O
regions	O
of	O
divergent	O
viral	O
sequences	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
in	O
2003	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
termed	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
a	O
stark	O
reminder	O
that	O
hitherto	O
unknown	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
cross	O
species	B-SPEC
barriers	O
to	O
become	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Time	O
course	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
rat	B-SPEC
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

While	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
injury	O
persists	O
over	O
the	O
full	O
experimental	O
period	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
is	O
transient	O
in	O
our	O
experimental	O
model	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
about	O
16	O
.	O
34	O
%	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
transfected	O
by	O
pcDNA3	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
M	O
and	O
21	O
.	O
72	O
%	O
of	O
N	O
-	O
transfected	O
cells	B-COMP
showed	O
typical	O
apoptotic	O
characteristics	O
,	O
significantly	O
different	O
from	O
mock	O
-	O
transfected	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
only	O
6	O
.	O
23	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
were	O
co	O
-	O
transfected	O
with	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
showed	O
more	O
obvious	O
phenomena	O
of	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
(	O
about	O
36	O
.	O
03	O
%).	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
induce	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
of	O
HPF	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
main	O
clinical	O
features	O
upon	O
admission	O
were	O
paresthesia	B-DISO
(	O
local	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
;	O
generalized	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
local	O
pain	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
),	O
palpebral	B-ANAT
ptosis	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
),	O
weakness	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
)	O
and	O
inability	O
to	O
stand	O
up	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
basic	O
reproductive	B-PROC
ratio	O
,	O
R0	O
,	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
the	O
expected	O
number	O
of	O
secondary	O
infections	O
arising	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
individual	O
during	O
his	O
or	O
her	O
entire	O
infectious	B-DISO
period	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
population	O
of	O
susceptibles	O
.	O

SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
and	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
content	O
in	O
LA	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
in	O
PCP	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
controls	O
but	O
decreased	O
significantly	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
PNEU	O
.	O

Gamma	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
cytokine	O
produced	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
natural	O
killer	O
(	O
NK	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
other	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
central	O
cytokine	O
mediator	O
for	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
or	O
Th1	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

Two	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Swine	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
do	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
induce	O
serum	B-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
used	O
for	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
vaccination	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Commercial	O
vaccines	O
for	O
in	O
ovo	O
vaccination	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
the	O
major	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

Assessment	O
of	O
the	O
BeauR	O
-	O
M41	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
strain	O
for	O
efficacy	O
showed	O
that	O
it	O
protected	O
up	O
to	O
90	O
%	O
of	O
chicks	O
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
virulent	O
IB	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
M41	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
dose	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

BeauR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
M41	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
EP10	I-PRGE
induced	O
a	O
serological	O
response	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
commercial	O
vaccine	O
given	O
at	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
though	O
the	O
commercial	O
vaccine	O
provided	O
slightly	O
higher	O
efficacy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
frequency	O
percussive	O
ventilation	O
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
review	O
.	O

Oxygenation	B-PROC
parameters	O
(	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
,	O
OI	O
;	O
Pao	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
Fio	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratio	O
,	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
)	O
and	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressures	O
(	O
mPaw	O
)	O
were	O
recorded	O
at	O
baseline	O
and	O
at	O
1	O
to	O
4	O
,	O
8	O
to	O
12	O
,	O
and	O
12	O
to	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
HFPV	O
.	O

This	O
result	O
suggests	O
a	O
mechanism	O
of	O
inactivation	O
of	O
3C	O
peptidases	O
by	O
methyl	B-CHED
ketone	I-CHED
inhibitors	B-CHED
that	O
is	O
distinct	O
from	O
that	O
occurring	O
in	O
the	O
structurally	O
related	O
serine	B-PRGE
proteinases	I-PRGE
or	O
in	O
the	O
papain	B-ENZY
-	O
like	O
cysteine	B-PRGE
peptidases	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Seroprevalence	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
avian	B-SPEC
pneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
infectious	B-SPEC
laryngotracheitis	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
leukosis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
Nigerian	O
poultry	O
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
assess	O
economic	O
losses	O
due	O
to	O
these	O
avian	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
costs	O
and	O
benefits	O
of	O
countermeasures	O
.	O

In	O
general	O
,	O
the	O
Mass	O
strain	O
was	O
more	O
frequently	O
recovered	O
from	O
the	O
tracheal	O
and	O
cecal	B-ANAT
tonsil	I-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
at	O
earlier	O
stages	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
Ark	B-PRGE
strain	O
was	O
recovered	O
at	O
later	O
stages	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
3043	O
samples	O
,	O
indicating	O
the	O
current	O
absence	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
bats	B-SPEC
captured	O
in	O
Guangzhou	O
and	O
its	O
vicinity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Research	O
on	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
premenstrual	O
syndrome	O
(	O
PMS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
lacking	O
for	O
the	O
Gulf	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
,	O
a	O
region	O
with	O
unique	O
cultural	O
features	O
that	O
might	O
influence	O
expectations	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
perception	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Nine	O
persons	O
with	O
serological	O
evidence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
were	O
identified	O
amongst	O
212	O
close	O
contacts	O
of	O
45	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
(	O
secondary	O
attack	O
rate	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
7	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
cohort	O
,	O
the	O
average	O
number	O
of	O
secondary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
single	O
infectious	B-DISO
case	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
titered	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
canis	I-SPEC
or	O
a	O
closely	O
related	O
agent	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
a	O
puma	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O

Themes	O
and	O
subthemes	O
from	O
the	O
data	O
were	O
organized	O
into	O
2	O
categories	O
:	O
The	O
Experience	O
(	O
operational	O
,	O
organizational	O
,	O
and	O
personal	O
narratives	O
),	O
and	O
Learning	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
Experience	O
(	O
opportunities	O
for	O
personal	O
learning	B-PROC
,	O
professional	O
and	O
policy	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
insight	O
into	O
policy	O
and	O
administrative	O
implications	O
).	O

The	O
first	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
encodes	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyproteins	I-PRGE
1a	O
and	O
1ab	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
to	O
generate	O
16	O
""""	O
nonstructural	O
""""	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
to	O
nsp16	O
,	O
involved	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
/	O
or	O
RNA	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
second	O
Zn	O
finger	B-ANAT
,	O
with	O
four	O
cysteines	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
distant	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
""""	O
gag	B-SPEC
-	O
knuckle	B-ANAT
fold	O
group	O
""""	O
of	O
Zn2	O
+-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domains	O
and	O
appears	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
structural	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
tail	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
its	O
exact	O
role	O
within	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
is	O
still	O
not	O
clear	O
.	O

Two	O
-	O
dimensional	O
images	O
of	O
the	O
S	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
and	O
N	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
two	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
were	O
refined	O
to	O
a	O
resolution	O
of	O
approximately	O
4	O
nm	O
.	O

Proteins	B-CHED
near	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
were	O
arranged	O
in	O
overlapping	O
lattices	O
surrounding	O
a	O
disordered	O
core	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
spikes	O
were	O
dispensable	O
for	O
ribonucleoprotein	B-COMP
lattice	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
gas	O
exchange	O
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
on	O
mortality	O
of	O
patients	O
referred	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
compared	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
properties	O
of	O
the	O
8a	O
,	O
8b	O
and	O
8ab	O
proteins	B-CHED
by	O
examining	O
their	O
cellular	B-COMP
localizations	O
and	O
their	O
abilities	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
other	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
8b	O
may	O
modulate	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
/	O
or	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

At	O
the	O
molecular	O
level	O
,	O
coronaviruses	O
employ	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
unusual	O
strategies	O
to	O
accomplish	O
a	O
complex	O
program	O
of	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
.	O

Increased	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
BNP	B-PRGE
may	O
reflect	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
myocardial	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
but	O
also	O
the	O
disease	O
severity	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
of	O
prognostic	O
value	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

General	B-PROC
anesthesia	I-PROC
was	O
used	O
in	O
12	O
and	O
spinal	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
in	O
25	O
patients	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
required	O
transfusions	O
using	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
.	O

Because	O
of	O
high	O
maternal	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
found	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
standard	O
antenatal	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
protocols	O
should	O
be	O
applied	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
obtain	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
improve	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
transfer	O
to	O
obstetric	O
departments	O
with	O
expertise	O
in	O
this	O
field	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
11	O
maternal	B-PROC
deaths	I-PROC
(	O
30	O
%).	O

The	O
population	O
comprised	O
34	O
patients	O
including	O
17	O
with	O
valvular	O
disease	O
and	O
revascularisable	O
coronary	B-ANAT
lesions	O
(	O
15	O
symptomatic	O
severe	O
aortic	B-ANAT
stenoses	B-DISO
and	O
two	O
acute	O
mitral	O
insufficiencies	O
)	O
plus	O
17	O
multitrunk	O
coronary	B-ANAT
patients	O
without	O
valvular	O
disease	O
but	O
with	O
an	O
indication	O
for	O
revascularisation	O
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
specimens	O
,	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
before	O
shipping	O
,	O
at	O
arrival	O
,	O
and	O
periodically	O
thereafter	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
AR	O
calves	O
had	O
low	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
against	O
BCV	B-SPEC
at	O
arrival	O
(	O
GMT	B-ENZY
,	O
102	O
)	O
and	O
64	O
%	O
shed	O
BCV	B-SPEC
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
and	O
65	O
%	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

Replication	O
and	O
shedding	O
of	O
BCV	B-SPEC
may	O
start	O
in	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
spread	O
to	O
the	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
and	O
mechanistic	O
determinants	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
15	O
define	O
an	O
endoribonuclease	O
family	O
.	O

The	O
structure	O
and	O
the	O
spatial	O
arrangement	O
of	O
the	O
catalytic	O
residues	O
into	O
an	O
RNase	O
A	O
-	O
like	O
active	O
site	O
define	O
a	O
separate	B-PRGE
endonuclease	I-PRGE
family	I-PRGE
,	O
endoU	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
represent	O
another	O
spectacular	O
example	O
of	O
convergent	O
evolution	B-PROC
toward	O
an	O
enzymatic	O
function	O
that	O
is	O
critically	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
cycle	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
a	O
simple	O
and	O
cost	O
-	O
effective	O
method	O
of	O
using	O
human	B-SPEC
nasal	B-ANAT
cannulas	O
for	O
delivering	O
oxygen	B-CHED
to	O
pigtailed	O
macaques	B-SPEC
during	O
bronchoscopic	O
procedures	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
,	O
after	O
further	O
testing	O
,	O
this	O
method	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
safely	O
and	O
effectively	O
in	O
other	O
nonhuman	O
primate	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
potent	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
3CL	O
protease	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
(	O
TG	O
-	O
0205221	O
,	O
Ki	O
=	O
53	O
nM	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O

Structural	O
comparisons	O
between	O
TG	O
-	O
0205221	O
and	O
a	O
natural	O
peptide	B-CHED
substrate	O
were	O
also	O
discussed	O
.	O

This	O
information	O
may	O
be	O
applied	O
toward	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
other	O
3CL	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
inhibitors	O
.	O

Demographic	O
data	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
experience	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
perceived	O
health	O
state	O
,	O
neighborhood	O
relationships	O
,	O
and	O
depression	B-DISO
were	O
surveyed	O
by	O
telephone	O
interviewing	O
.	O

The	O
neighborhood	O
relationship	O
factor	O
was	O
negatively	O
associated	O
with	O
depression	B-DISO
for	O
the	O
'	B-DISO
impacted	I-DISO
group	O
',	O
but	O
not	O
for	O
the	O
'	O
non	O
-	O
impacted	B-DISO
group	O
'.	O

Data	O
analyzed	O
were	O
from	O
a	O
clinical	O
trial	O
of	O
zanamivir	B-CHED
in	O
children	O
5	O
-	O
12	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
and	O
from	O
a	O
trial	O
of	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
in	O
children	O
1	O
-	O
12	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
pediatric	O
study	O
of	O
zanamivir	B-CHED
,	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
adult	O
zanamivir	B-CHED
study	O
,	O
cough	B-DISO
and	O
fever	B-PROC
were	O
the	O
best	O
predictors	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
;	O
a	O
temperature	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
38	O
.	O
2	O
degrees	O
C	O
plus	O
cough	B-DISO
predicted	O
83	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
79	O
%-	O
88	O
%)	O
of	O
illnesses	O
that	O
were	O
determined	O
to	O
be	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
positive	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
peaked	O
between	O
February	O
and	O
April	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
peaked	O
between	O
April	O
and	O
May	O
.	O
This	O
study	O
describes	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
LRTIs	O
associated	O
with	O
newly	O
identified	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
associated	O
with	O
known	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
in	O
312	O
(	O
60	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
515	O
patients	O
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
that	O
of	O
travelers	O
disguising	O
symptoms	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
at	O
international	O
airports	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
board	O
aircraft	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
their	O
home	O
countries	O
-	O
notwithstanding	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
risks	O
this	O
involves	O
to	O
others	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
travel	O
are	O
intricately	O
interlinked	O
.	O

The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	O
created	O
international	O
anxiety	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
novelty	O
,	O
its	O
ease	O
of	O
transmission	O
in	O
certain	O
settings	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
its	O
spread	O
through	O
jet	O
travel	O
,	O
combined	O
with	O
extensive	O
media	B-ANAT
coverage	O
.	O

Bayesian	O
estimation	O
of	O
the	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
R	O
(	O
mean	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
generated	O
by	O
a	O
single	O
infectious	B-DISO
person	O
)	O
during	O
an	O
outbreak	O
allows	O
them	O
to	O
judge	O
rapidly	O
whether	O
the	O
epidemic	O
is	O
under	O
control	O
(	O
R	O
<	O
1	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
potential	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
0201	I-PRGE
-	O
restricted	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
derived	I-PRGE
peptides	B-CHED
were	O
selected	O
from	O
an	O
online	O
database	O
and	O
screened	O
for	O
potential	O
CTL	B-ANAT
epitopes	O
by	O
in	O
vitro	O
refolding	O
and	O
T2	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
stabilization	O
assays	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
significant	O
P15	O
-	O
specific	O
CTLs	O
were	O
induced	O
from	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	O
A2	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
immunized	O
by	O
a	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
encoding	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
;	O
suggesting	O
that	O
P15	B-PRGE
was	O
a	O
naturally	O
processed	O
epitope	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
more	O
commonly	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
sequels	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
than	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
although	O
the	O
latest	O
papers	O
on	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
suggest	O
that	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
these	O
patients	O
directly	O
results	O
from	O
lung	B-ANAT
lesion	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

Actuarial	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
patient	O
and	O
graft	B-PROC
survival	I-PROC
were	O
98	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
and	O
98	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
alemtuzumab	O
group	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
93	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
and	O
91	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Engineering	O
regulatory	O
transcription	B-PROC
circuits	O
of	O
intercommunicating	O
alleles	O
successfully	O
introduces	O
genetic	O
traps	B-DISO
into	O
a	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
that	O
are	O
lethal	O
in	O
RNA	O
recombinant	O
progeny	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
appropriate	O
for	O
diagnostic	O
testing	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
recognized	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
heterogeneous	O
and	O
difficult	O
sample	O
that	O
contains	O
amplification	B-DISO
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
sensitivities	O
of	O
the	O
manual	O
methods	O
ranged	O
from	O
50	O
%	O
to	O
100	O
%,	O
with	O
the	O
Cortex	B-ANAT
Biochem	O
Magazorb	O
method	O
,	O
a	O
magnetic	O
bead	O
isolation	O
method	O
,	O
allowing	O
detection	O
of	O
all	O
12	O
positive	O
samples	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
51	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
participants	O
correctly	O
identified	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
;	O
48	O
%	O
correctly	O
identified	O
the	O
symptoms	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
;	O
and	O
60	O
%	O
knew	O
the	O
recommended	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
precautions	O
to	O
take	O
for	O
families	O
.	O

Over	O
thousands	O
of	O
years	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
crossed	O
species	B-SPEC
lines	O
many	O
times	O
(	O
with	O
little	O
effect	O
)	O
and	O
typically	O
adapts	O
to	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
quickly	O
.	O

A	O
neutralizing	O
test	O
on	O
purified	O
M1A	B-CHED
demonstrated	O
that	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
ml	O
of	O
M1A	B-CHED
completely	O
inhibited	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
activity	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
absence	O
of	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
for	O
7	O
days	O
.	O

ORF	O
3a	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
codes	O
for	O
a	O
recently	O
identified	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
its	O
function	O
remains	O
unknown	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
determined	O
by	O
crystallography	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
XendoU	B-PRGE
that	O
,	O
by	O
refined	O
search	O
methodologies	O
,	O
appears	O
to	O
display	O
a	O
unique	O
fold	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
sequence	O
conservation	O
,	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
docking	O
simulations	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
identified	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
occurrence	O
of	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
cases	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
HCW	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
hospital	O
unit	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
uncommon	O
event	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
the	O
alert	O
system	O
proposed	O
is	O
not	O
likely	O
to	O
result	O
in	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
false	O
positive	O
alerts	O
.	O

Only	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
individuals	O
displayed	O
aggressive	B-DISO
behaviour	I-DISO
leading	O
to	O
injury	O
of	O
the	O
victim	O
.	O

Independent	O
of	O
line	O
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
percentage	O
dam	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
chick	O
(	O
3	O
d	O
)	O
plasma	B-ANAT
transfer	O
of	O
IgY	O
was	O
estimated	O
to	O
be	O
approximately	O
30	O
%,	O
with	O
that	O
for	O
IgM	B-PRGE
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
less	O
than	O
1	O
%.	O

Chicks	O
synthesized	O
IgM	B-PRGE
first	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
IgA	B-PRGE
and	O
IgY	O
.	O
Anti	O
-	O
NDV	B-SPEC
and	O
anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
dams	O
'	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
egg	B-ANAT
yolks	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
chicks	O
'	O
plasma	B-ANAT
on	O
d	O
3	O
and	O
7	O
,	O
with	O
line	O
2	O
having	O
higher	O
anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
lower	O
anti	O
-	O
NDV	B-SPEC
levels	O
than	O
line	O
1	O
in	O
all	O
samples	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

The	O
inclusion	B-COMP
bodies	I-COMP
were	O
successfully	O
solubilized	O
,	O
purified	O
under	O
denaturing	O
conditions	O
employing	O
IMAC	O
column	B-ANAT
and	O
refolded	O
.	O

The	O
NP	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
or	O
a	O
subfragment	O
could	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
developing	O
a	O
sensitive	O
serum	B-COMP
diagnostic	O
assay	O
to	O
monitor	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
outbreaks	O
by	O
detecting	O
the	O
early	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Serologic	O
evidence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
detected	O
in	O
4	O
individuals	O
,	O
including	O
2	O
non	O
-	O
clinical	O
workers	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
not	O
previously	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
;	O
none	O
reported	O
having	O
had	O
fever	B-PROC
or	O
cough	B-DISO
.	O

Entering	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
room	O
and	O
having	O
seen	O
(	O
viewed	O
)	O
the	O
patient	O
were	O
the	O
behaviors	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
highest	O
risk	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
(	O
odds	O
ratios	O
20	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
14	O
.	O
0	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
intervals	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
97	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
55	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

Astrocytes	B-ANAT
are	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
targets	O
for	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
respond	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
by	O
expressing	O
diverse	O
molecules	O
that	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
CNS	B-CHED
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Experiments	O
with	O
ultraviolet	O
light	O
-	O
inactivated	O
virus	B-SPEC
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
Egr	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
did	O
not	O
require	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
was	O
likely	O
mediated	O
during	O
cell	O
entry	O
.	O

This	O
finding	O
may	O
provide	O
an	O
explanation	O
for	O
our	O
previously	O
observed	O
down	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
BNip3	B-PRGE
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
astrocytoma	B-DISO
cells	B-COMP
(	O
Cai	O
,	O
Liu	O
,	O
Yu	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Zhang	O
,	O
Virology	O
316	O
:	O
104	O
-	O
115	O
,	O
2003	O
).	O

Despite	O
evidence	O
of	O
the	O
multiple	O
cytokine	O
-	O
release	B-PATH
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
all	O
six	O
patients	O
survived	O
.	O

TRALI	B-DISO
remains	O
a	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
supported	O
by	O
serologic	O
studies	O
if	O
these	O
are	O
available	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
heterogeneous	O
disorder	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
triggered	O
by	O
myriad	O
etiologies	O
(	O
both	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
extrapulmonary	O
).	O

Mortality	O
rates	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
range	O
from	O
30	O
to	O
75	O
%,	O
and	O
most	O
deaths	B-PROC
are	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
MOF	B-DISO
).	O

This	O
review	O
discusses	O
limitations	O
of	O
various	O
criteria	O
utilized	O
to	O
diagnosis	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
ALI	O
,	O
and	O
why	O
some	O
criteria	O
may	O
be	O
problematic	O
when	O
designing	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

Also	O
discussed	O
are	O
the	O
myriad	O
causes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
incidence	O
,	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
mortality	O
,	O
and	O
factors	O
that	O
influence	O
outcome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
and	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
condition	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
includes	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
understanding	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
ALI	O
is	O
continually	O
growing	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
therapies	O
aimed	O
at	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
cascade	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
unsuccessful	O
.	O

With	O
this	O
clinical	O
success	O
,	O
administration	O
of	O
drotecogin	O
alfa	O
(	O
recombinant	O
activated	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
),	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
coagulation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
human	B-SPEC
sepsis	B-DISO
is	O
becoming	O
clearer	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
suppresses	O
host	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
by	O
promoting	O
host	O
mRNA	B-PROC
degradation	I-PROC
.	O

SCoV	O
replication	O
also	O
promoted	O
degradation	O
of	O
expressed	B-PROC
RNA	O
transcripts	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
mRNAs	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
exerted	B-PROC
its	O
mRNA	B-PROC
destabilization	I-PROC
function	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Information	O
derived	O
from	O
structural	O
,	O
mutational	O
,	O
and	O
sequence	O
analyses	O
suggests	O
a	O
close	O
phylogenetic	O
and	O
,	O
most	O
probably	O
,	O
functional	O
relationship	O
between	O
viral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
macro	O
domain	O
homologs	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
revealed	O
that	O
viral	O
macro	O
domains	O
have	O
relatively	O
poor	O
ADP	O
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
1	O
"""-"	O
phosphohydrolase	O
activities	O
(	O
which	O
were	O
previously	O
proposed	O
to	O
be	O
their	O
biologically	O
relevant	O
function	O
)	O
but	O
bind	B-FUNC
efficiently	O
free	O
and	O
poly	O
(	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
)	O
polymerase	O
1	O
-	O
bound	O
poly	O
(	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
recently	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
receptor	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
also	O
mediates	O
cellular	B-COMP
entry	O
of	O
the	O
newly	O
discovered	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hCoV	O
)	O
NL63	O
.	O

NL63	O
-	O
S	O
does	O
not	O
exhibit	O
significant	O
homology	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
but	O
is	O
highly	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
S	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
hCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
enters	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
by	O
engaging	O
CD13	B-PRGE
.	O

Recent	O
research	O
suggests	O
that	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
have	O
a	O
major	O
bearing	O
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
based	O
drug	O
design	O
and	O
structural	O
biology	O
study	O
of	O
novel	O
nonpeptide	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
protease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
main	O
protease	O
(	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)),	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
required	O
for	O
the	O
maturation	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
is	O
vital	O
for	O
its	O
life	O
cycle	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
an	O
attractive	O
target	O
for	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
drug	O
design	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drugs	O
.	O

These	O
quantitative	O
systems	O
are	O
potentially	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
can	O
also	O
provide	O
viral	O
load	O
information	O
that	O
might	O
assist	O
clinicians	O
in	O
making	O
a	O
prognostic	O
evaluation	O
of	O
an	O
infected	O
individual	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
epidemics	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2003	O
highlighted	O
both	O
short	O
-	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
transmission	O
routes	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
between	O
infected	O
patients	O
and	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
and	O
between	O
distant	O
locations	O
.	O

On	O
this	O
basis	O
,	O
recommendations	O
are	O
made	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
aerosol	O
-	O
transmitted	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
hospitals	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
construction	O
of	O
future	O
isolation	O
facilities	O
.	O

When	O
SR	O
-	O
COS7	O
cells	B-COMP
or	O
R	O
-	O
COS7	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
cocultured	O
with	O
AG	O
-	O
COS7	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
syncytia	B-ANAT
with	O
yellow	O
fluorescence	O
were	O
conveniently	O
observed	O
after	O
12	O
h	O
in	O
SR	O
-	O
COS7	O
cells	B-COMP
plus	O
AG	O
-	O
COS7	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
R	O
-	O
COS7	O
cells	B-COMP
plus	O
AG	O
-	O
COS7	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
present	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
induced	O
by	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
assessed	O
by	O
observation	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
content	O
and	O
histopathology	O
.	O

Arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
,	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
in	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
alveolar	I-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
and	O
serum	B-COMP
were	O
measured	O
at	O
the	O
indicated	O
time	O
points	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
we	O
successfully	O
established	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
H5N1	B-DISO
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
may	O
benefit	O
further	O
investigation	O
into	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
human	B-DISO
ARDS	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
pharmacologic	O
strategies	O
(	O
including	O
corticosteroids	O
,	O
surfactant	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
)	O
investigated	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
are	O
also	O
reviewed	O
.	O

The	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
fragment	O
was	O
purified	O
from	O
the	O
culture	O
supernatant	O
of	O
stably	O
transformed	O
HEK293T	O
cells	B-COMP
secreting	B-PROC
a	O
tagged	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
coronaviruses	O
has	O
previously	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Confocal	O
microscopic	O
analysis	O
identified	O
nucleocapsids	O
packaged	O
in	O
vesicles	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
perinuclear	O
area	O
indicating	O
viral	O
synthesis	B-PROC
at	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
and	O
Golgi	B-COMP
apparatus	I-COMP
.	O

Leukocytosis	B-DISO
and	O
slight	O
hypoxemia	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genotypic	O
and	O
phenotypic	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
California	B-SPEC
99	O
(	O
Cal99	O
)	O
variant	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
California	B-SPEC
99	O
(	O
Cal99	O
)	O
variant	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
first	O
recovered	O
in	O
1999	O
from	O
vaccinated	O
broiler	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
Central	O
California	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
of	O
Cal99	O
was	O
sequenced	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
commonly	O
used	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
those	O
of	O
isolates	O
from	O
naturally	O
occurring	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
different	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
to	O
elucidate	O
potential	O
sources	O
of	O
genetic	O
material	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
engineering	O
of	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNA	O
clone	O
and	O
a	O
functional	O
replicon	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
Urbani	O
strain	O
as	O
bacterial	O
artificial	O
chromosomes	B-COMP
(	O
BACs	O
)	O
is	O
described	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
system	O
,	O
the	O
viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
nucleus	I-COMP
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
promoter	O
and	O
further	O
amplified	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
by	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
.	O

Both	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
clone	O
and	O
the	O
replicon	O
were	O
fully	O
stable	O
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
reverse	O
genetic	O
system	O
developed	O
as	O
a	O
BAC	O
constitutes	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
fundamental	O
viral	O
processes	O
and	O
also	O
for	O
developing	O
genetically	O
defined	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
PEEP	B-CHED
had	O
to	O
be	O
tapered	O
to	O
6	O
cmH	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
,	O
and	O
ventilation	O
carried	O
out	O
at	O
FIO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
of	O
1	O
until	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
condition	B-DISO
improved	O
.	O

The	O
disease	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
previously	O
unrecognized	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Drawing	O
on	O
experience	O
with	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
,	O
several	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
and	O
evaluated	O
in	O
pre	O
-	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
clinical	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
candidate	O
vaccines	O
should	O
be	O
evaluated	O
for	O
efficacy	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
and	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
uncertain	O
whether	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Food	O
and	O
Drug	O
Administration	O
'	O
s	O
""""	O
animal	O
rule	O
""""	O
would	O
apply	O
to	O
licensure	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
develop	O
standardized	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
and	O
immunological	O
assays	O
in	O
preparation	O
for	O
this	O
eventuality	O
.	O

Hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
causes	O
various	O
forms	O
of	O
glomerulonephritis	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
cryoglobulinemia	B-DISO
-	O
mediated	O
glomerulonephritis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
Taqman	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
infected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
tested	O
229	O
tracheal	O
swabs	O
submitted	O
to	O
two	O
different	O
diagnostic	O
laboratories	O
and	O
found	O
79	O
.	O
04	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
tracheal	O
swabs	O
positive	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
whereas	O
only	O
27	O
.	O
51	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
reference	O
standard	O
test	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
300	O
total	O
tracheal	O
swab	O
samples	O
,	O
from	O
a	O
flock	O
of	O
commercial	O
broilers	O
spray	O
vaccinated	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
screened	O
12	O
,	O
000	O
people	O
in	O
a	O
community	O
stricken	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
10	O
months	O
previously	O
and	O
found	O
53	O
individuals	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
44	O
%)	O
who	O
had	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
produced	O
in	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
remaining	O
person	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
46	O
other	O
individuals	O
(	O
group	O
2	O
),	O
were	O
healthy	O
and	O
had	O
no	O
history	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
N	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
is	O
thus	O
highly	O
unique	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
specifically	O
modulates	O
the	O
UPR	O
to	O
facilitate	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
etiology	O
of	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
is	O
unclear	O
.	O

Immunoblotting	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
abundance	O
of	O
water	B-CHED
and	O
sodium	O
transporters	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
epithelial	B-FUNC
sodium	I-FUNC
channel	I-FUNC
was	O
lower	O
,	O
and	O
NKCC1	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
was	O
upregulated	O
.	O

Two	O
research	O
groups	O
independently	O
discovered	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
horseshoe	B-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
.	O

For	O
the	O
recent	O
and	O
still	O
ongoing	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
H5N1	B-DISO
outbreak	O
that	O
originated	O
in	O
Southeast	O
Asia	O
,	O
from	O
2003	O
to	O
21	O
April	O
2006	O
,	O
204	O
humans	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
infected	O
,	O
with	O
113	O
deaths	O
.	O

In	O
Chinese	O
wet	O
-	O
markets	O
,	O
unique	O
epicenters	O
for	O
transmission	O
of	O
potential	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
,	O
new	O
genes	O
may	O
be	O
acquired	O
or	O
existing	O
genes	O
modified	O
through	O
various	O
mechanisms	O
such	O
as	O
genetic	O
reassortment	O
,	O
recombination	B-PROC
and	O
mutation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extrarenal	O
manifestations	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pyelonephritis	I-DISO
:	O
CT	O
findings	O
in	O
21	O
cases	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
one	O
CT	O
examinations	O
of	O
20	O
patients	O
[	O
19	O
women	O
and	O
one	O
man	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
ages	O
ranging	O
from	O
18	O
to	O
57	O
years	O
(	O
mean	O
-	O
35	O
.	O
2	O
years	O
)],	O
presenting	O
either	O
with	O
a	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
APN	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
17	O
)	O
or	O
with	O
a	O
suspected	O
acute	B-DISO
appendicitis	I-DISO
,	O
fever	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
unknown	I-DISO
origin	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
one	O
in	O
each	O
,	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
various	O
biomarkers	O
may	O
be	O
available	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
invasively	O
classify	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
from	O
the	O
standpoint	O
of	O
responsiveness	O
to	O
various	O
therapies	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
.	O

Three	O
IgG	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2b	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
mAbs	I-PRGE
were	O
recognized	O
within	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
epitope	B-CHED
of	O
two	O
IgG	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
mAbs	I-PRGE
localized	O
within	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminus	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
emergence	O
or	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
of	O
severe	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
tick	B-DISO
borne	I-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
viral	B-DISO
haemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
Hantavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
have	O
been	O
frequently	O
reported	O
in	O
several	O
European	O
countries	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Chlorine	B-CHED
disinfection	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
available	O
technology	O
for	O
coliform	O
and	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
inactivation	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
transmission	O
of	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
measles	B-PATH
from	O
adopted	O
children	O
to	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
has	O
been	O
documented	O
.	O

Diseases	O
such	O
as	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
or	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
have	O
not	O
been	O
reported	O
among	O
international	O
adoptees	O
,	O
but	O
transmission	O
is	O
possible	O
if	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
present	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
subcellular	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
S1	O
during	O
transient	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
tobacco	B-SPEC
leaves	O
,	O
a	O
translational	B-PROC
fusion	O
consisting	O
of	O
S1	O
and	O
the	O
green	O
fluorescent	O
protein	O
(	O
GFP	O
)	O
was	O
generated	O
.	O

When	O
the	O
S1	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
transplastomic	O
tobacco	B-SPEC
,	O
S1	B-PRGE
messenger	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
corresponding	O
protein	B-CHED
were	O
detected	O
on	O
Northern	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
analyses	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
modeling	O
studies	O
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
drug	O
candidates	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Flexible	O
alignment	O
and	O
docking	O
studies	O
were	O
conducted	O
for	O
the	O
three	O
octapeptides	O
,	O
ATLQANEV	O
,	O
AVLQSGFR	O
,	O
and	O
ATLQAIAS	O
,	O
that	O
were	O
cleavable	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Mpro	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
present	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
octapeptides	O
ATLQANEV	O
and	O
ATLQAIAS	O
,	O
like	O
AVLQSGFR	O
,	O
might	O
also	O
be	O
the	O
good	O
starting	O
points	O
for	O
designing	O
potential	O
drugs	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

PSH050513	O
has	O
been	O
tentatively	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
member	O
of	O
group	O
3	O
coronaviruses	O
that	O
have	O
close	O
genetic	O
relationships	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
PSH050513	O
was	O
isolated	O
and	O
identified	O
from	O
the	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
pigeons	B-SPEC
by	O
a	O
routine	O
method	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
Koch	O
'	O
s	O
postulates	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
When	O
considering	O
how	O
people	O
are	O
infected	O
and	O
what	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
infections	O
,	O
answers	O
from	O
many	O
disciplines	O
are	O
sought	O
:	O
microbiology	O
,	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
medicine	B-CHED
,	O
engineering	O
,	O
and	O
physics	O
.	O

Every	O
day	O
tens	O
of	O
millions	O
of	O
people	O
worldwide	O
suffer	B-DISO
from	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
different	O
severity	O
at	O
immense	O
economic	O
cost	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
basis	O
of	O
neutralization	O
by	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
anti	O
-	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
80R	O
.	O

The	O
coronaviral	O
surface	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
S	O
is	O
a	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
transmembrane	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
that	O
mediates	O
initial	O
host	B-COMP
binding	B-FUNC
via	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
receptor	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
subsequent	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
events	O
required	O
for	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
.	O

We	O
further	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
RBD	O
of	O
S1	O
forms	O
dimers	O
via	O
an	O
extensive	O
interface	O
that	O
is	O
disrupted	O
in	O
receptor	O
-	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
bound	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
propose	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
the	O
dimer	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
stability	O
and	O
infectivity	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
107	O
positive	O
samples	O
,	O
90	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
33	O
herds	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
BCoV	O
alone	O
and	O
17	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
14	O
herds	O
also	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
other	O
pathogens	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
reasons	O
for	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
were	O
:	O
infection	B-DISO
/	O
septic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
),	O
scleroderma	B-DISO
renal	B-ANAT
crisis	I-DISO
(	O
SRC	B-PRGE
)	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
congestion	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
diffuse	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
namely	O
scleroderma	B-DISO
-	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
-	O
renal	B-ANAT
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
SPRS	O
)	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
),	O
iatrogenic	O
pericardial	B-DISO
tamponade	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
),	O
mesenteric	B-DISO
ischemia	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
).	O

Eight	O
out	O
of	O
nine	O
patients	O
(	O
89	O
%)	O
that	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
died	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
six	O
(	O
66	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
of	O
them	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

The	O
outcome	O
of	O
scleroderma	B-DISO
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
was	O
extremely	O
poor	O
.	O

Six	O
patients	O
had	O
diffuse	O
SSc	O
,	O
two	O
patients	O
had	O
limited	O
SSc	O
and	O
one	O
patient	O
had	O
juvenile	O
diffuse	O
morphea	B-DISO
.	O

Substitutions	O
in	O
a	O
restricted	O
,	O
downstream	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
encompassing	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
region	O
1	O
(	O
HR1	O
)	O
and	O
putative	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
(	O
FP	O
)	O
did	O
not	O
alter	O
the	O
CEACAM1a	O
dependence	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
systematic	O
search	O
of	O
the	O
English	O
-	O
language	O
literature	O
for	O
original	O
CEAs	B-FUNC
of	O
critical	O
care	O
interventions	O
published	O
from	O
1993	O
through	O
2003	O
.	O

Specific	O
interventions	O
such	O
as	O
activated	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
provide	O
good	O
value	O
for	O
money	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
identified	O
19	O
CEAs	B-FUNC
published	O
through	O
2003	O
with	O
48	O
cost	O
-	O
effectiveness	O
ratios	O
pertaining	O
to	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
general	O
critical	O
care	O
interventions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
brief	O
overview	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Persistent	O
impaired	B-DISO
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
functional	O
capacity	O
are	O
common	O
among	O
survivors	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Nurses	O
'	O
fear	O
about	O
an	O
unknown	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
H5N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	O
,	O
could	O
easily	O
be	O
heightened	O
to	O
levels	O
above	O
those	O
occurring	O
during	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
permissive	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Airflows	O
around	O
oxygen	B-CHED
masks	O
:	O
A	O
potential	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
?	O

Most	O
research	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
are	O
males	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
estrus	B-PROC
-	O
related	O
health	O
problems	O
in	O
females	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
encodes	O
for	O
eight	O
accessory	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
no	O
known	O
homologues	O
in	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
these	O
is	O
the	O
3b	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
is	O
encoded	O
by	O
the	O
second	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
in	O
subgenomic	O
RNA	O
3	O
and	O
contains	O
154	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
.	O

At	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
-	O
points	O
analysed	O
,	O
the	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
induced	O
by	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
3b	O
was	O
less	O
than	O
the	O
level	O
induced	O
by	O
Bax	O
but	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
necrosis	B-PROC
was	O
comparable	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
group	O
consisted	O
of	O
120	O
children	O
aged	O
6	O
to	O
144	O
months	O
with	O
AOM	B-DISO
.	O

Clinical	O
trials	O
should	O
be	O
designed	O
to	O
validate	O
a	O
standard	O
protocol	O
for	O
dosage	O
and	O
timing	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
accrue	O
data	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
during	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
to	O
monitor	O
specific	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
and	O
help	O
inform	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Replication	O
of	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
regulated	O
by	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
1	I-PRGE
processing	O
of	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
3	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cross	O
-	O
protection	O
against	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
a	O
virulent	O
bovine	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
gnotobiotic	O
calves	O
.	O

They	O
confirm	O
its	O
infectivity	O
for	O
calves	O
and	O
complete	O
cross	O
-	O
protection	O
against	O
a	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
DB2	O
strain	O
)	O
showing	O
98	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
to	O
HECV	O
-	O
4408	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Hemodynamics	B-PROC
were	O
analyzed	O
after	O
insertion	O
of	O
biventricular	O
conductance	O
catheters	O
and	O
a	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
catheter	O
.	O

The	O
protective	O
strategies	O
led	O
to	O
higher	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressures	O
and	O
severe	O
hypercapnia	O
with	O
acidosis	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
only	O
significant	O
with	O
CLPV	O
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
encoding	O
the	O
entire	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
(	O
ORF	O
)	O
of	O
LJB	O
/	O
03	O
was	O
1326	O
bases	B-CHED
long	O
and	O
encoded	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
441	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
with	O
predicted	O
Mr	O
of	O
49	O
kDa	O
.	O

The	O
encoded	O
protein	B-CHED
shared	O
96	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identities	O
compared	O
with	O
CV777	O
,	O
96	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
with	O
Brl	O
/	O
87	O
,	O
98	O
%	O
with	O
JS2004	O
,	O
96	O
.	O
90	O
%	O
with	O
chinju99	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

This	O
model	O
was	O
further	O
utilized	O
to	O
design	O
small	O
molecules	O
that	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
block	O
an	O
ATPase	B-PRGE
catalytic	O
pocket	O
thus	O
inhibit	O
the	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
whether	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
an	O
RNA	B-PROC
chaperone	I-PROC
.	O

When	O
the	O
in	O
vitro	O
-	O
synthesized	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
transcripts	O
containing	O
this	O
mutation	O
were	O
introduced	O
into	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
no	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
rescued	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
contrary	O
,	O
a	O
G	O
-	O
C	O
and	O
a	O
G	O
-	O
A	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
at	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
positions	O
4330	O
and	O
9230	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
causing	O
Glu	B-CHED
-	O
Gln	B-CHED
and	O
Gly	B-CHED
-	O
Glu	B-CHED
mutations	O
in	O
or	O
near	O
the	O
catalytic	O
centers	O
of	O
the	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
(	O
Nsp3	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
(	O
Nsp5	B-PRGE
)	O
proteinases	O
,	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
detectable	O
detrimental	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
rescue	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
the	O
rescued	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Screening	O
to	O
detect	O
potential	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
subjects	O
with	O
elevated	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
preventing	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Thermography	O
is	O
being	O
used	O
with	O
ANN	O
/	O
AI	O
to	O
analyse	O
the	O
data	O
collected	O
from	O
the	O
designated	O
SARS	B-DISO
hospital	O
in	O
Singapore	O
,	O
and	O
conclusive	O
results	O
are	O
drawn	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
GxxxG	O
motif	O
contributes	O
toward	O
the	O
trimerization	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
;	O
in	O
that	O
,	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
GxxxG	O
motif	O
decrease	O
trimerization	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
protein	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Does	O
marriage	O
between	O
first	O
cousins	O
have	O
any	O
predictive	O
value	O
for	O
maternal	O
and	O
perinatal	O
outcomes	O
in	O
pre	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
eclampsia	I-DISO
?	O

Univariate	O
analysis	O
yielded	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
parity	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
034	O
),	O
maternal	O
platelet	B-ANAT
counts	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
),	O
and	O
maternal	O
serum	B-COMP
potassium	B-CHED
levels	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
016	O
)	O
among	O
the	O
groups	O
.	O

Third	O
-	O
degree	O
consanguinity	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
a	O
union	O
between	O
first	O
cousins	O
seems	O
to	O
have	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
maternal	O
and	O
perinatal	O
complications	O
in	O
established	O
pre	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
eclampsia	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Control	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
through	O
plasmacytoid	O
dendritic	B-COMP
-	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
derived	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
a	O
unique	O
and	O
crucial	O
role	O
of	O
plasmacytoid	B-ANAT
dendritic	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
pDCs	O
)	O
and	O
pDC	B-DISO
-	O
derived	O
type	O
I	O
interferons	O
(	O
IFNs	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
particular	O
type	O
I	O
IFN	B-PRGE
response	O
pattern	O
was	O
not	O
restricted	O
to	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
but	O
was	O
also	O
found	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
highly	O
cytopathic	O
human	B-SPEC
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
introduced	O
to	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
through	O
air	B-CHED
travel	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
transmission	O
within	O
aircraft	O
cabins	O
has	O
been	O
addressed	O
by	O
several	O
studies	O
,	O
the	O
magnitude	O
of	O
the	O
risk	O
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

Consenting	O
participants	O
responded	O
to	O
a	O
questionnaire	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
serum	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
was	O
collected	O
at	O
least	O
38	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
flight	B-PROC
and	O
tested	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Serology	O
was	O
negative	O
for	O
all	O
127	O
participants	O
,	O
including	O
three	O
of	O
four	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
clinical	O
case	O
criteria	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
fourth	O
had	O
a	O
mild	O
illness	O
that	O
lasted	O
only	O
5	O
days	O
.	O

Enhanced	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
/	O
DNA	O
complex	O
formation	B-PROC
was	O
observed	O
in	O
interferon	B-PRGE
co	O
-	O
treatment	O
group	O
by	O
gel	O
shift	O
analysis	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
hyper	O
-	O
activation	O
of	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
elevated	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
dimer	O
formation	B-PROC
may	O
be	O
two	O
general	O
switches	O
which	O
contribute	O
to	O
a	O
much	O
more	O
robust	O
antiviral	B-CHED
symphony	O
against	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
when	O
type	O
I	O
and	O
type	O
II	O
IFNs	O
are	O
co	O
-	O
administered	O
.	O

In	O
WBV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
three	O
subgenomic	O
RNAs	O
expressing	O
the	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
S	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
and	O
N	O
were	O
identified	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
in	O
disease	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Future	O
licensure	O
of	O
these	O
and	O
other	O
candidate	O
vaccines	O
will	O
depend	O
on	O
their	O
safety	O
and	O
immunogenicity	O
profiles	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
confer	O
protection	O
in	O
animal	O
models	O
of	O
inhalational	B-DISO
anthrax	I-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
both	O
anti	O
-	O
S1	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
S2	O
IgGs	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
abolish	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
between	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
(	O
s	O
),	O
although	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
showed	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
blocking	B-DISO
efficiency	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
the	O
functional	O
roles	O
of	O
the	O
previously	O
reported	O
neutralizing	O
epitopes	O
within	O
S2	O
subunit	O
were	O
investigated	O
using	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
depletion	O
assay	O
.	O

Depletion	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
these	O
regions	O
significantly	O
diminished	O
,	O
though	O
not	O
completely	O
abolished	O
,	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
effects	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
.	O
It	O
suggests	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
major	O
neutralizing	O
domain	O
on	O
S2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
identify	O
early	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
development	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
severe	O
trauma	O
patients	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
developed	O
in	O
6	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
more	O
severely	O
ill	B-DISO
with	O
higher	O
APACHE	O
II	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
Injury	O
Severity	O
Score	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
002	O
)	O
scores	O
vs	O
patients	O
not	O
developing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
explore	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
S	O
and	O
COX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
we	O
constructed	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
plasmids	O
containing	O
truncated	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
fragments	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
designated	O
from	O
Sa	O
to	O
Si	O
),	O
which	O
encoded	O
truncated	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
investigated	O
whether	O
these	O
truncated	O
proteins	B-CHED
could	O
induce	O
effective	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
COX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
in	O
293T	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
S	O
(	O
d	O
)	O
that	O
encoded	O
a	O
truncated	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
with	O
422	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
(	O
from	O
1	O
to	O
422	O
aa	O
),	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
672	O
amino	O
-	O
acid	O
S1	O
subunit	O
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
COX	O
-	O
2	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
also	O
compared	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
isolated	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
break	O
with	O
that	O
from	O
palm	B-ANAT
civets	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
possible	O
source	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
found	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

S	O
protein	B-CHED
residues	O
(	O
344	O
,	O
360	O
),	O
which	O
mutated	O
in	O
the	O
epitome	O
from	O
palm	B-ANAT
civet	B-SPEC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
being	O
were	O
characterized	O
in	O
3D	O
modeling	O
of	O
252	O
-	O
375	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
fragment	O
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
induces	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
COX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
an	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
fragment	O
of	O
the	O
Spike	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
the	O
induction	O
.	O

Our	O
finding	O
may	O
provide	O
clue	O
for	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
cast	B-ANAT
insight	O
into	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Modification	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
render	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
Pichia	B-SPEC
pastoris	I-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
to	O
date	O
,	O
little	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
about	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
this	O
infection	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
thyroid	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
may	O
provide	O
an	O
explanation	O
both	O
for	O
low	O
serum	B-COMP
triiodothyronine	B-CHED
and	O
thyroxine	B-CHED
levels	O
and	O
the	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
associated	O
with	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
an	O
important	O
structural	O
and	O
functional	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
identify	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
possible	O
involvement	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
cDNA	O
library	O
was	O
screened	O
using	O
a	O
yeast	B-SPEC
two	O
-	O
hybrid	O
system	O
assay	O
.	O

Mapping	O
studies	O
localized	O
the	O
critical	O
N	O
sequences	O
for	O
this	O
interaction	O
to	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
170	O
-	O
210	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
the	O
SR	O
-	O
rich	O
motif	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assays	O
and	O
conventional	O
techniques	O
for	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
with	O
an	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

Our	O
calculations	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
airflow	B-PROC
contained	O
the	O
dispersion	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
particles	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
patient	O
sufficiently	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
surgical	O
team	O
,	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Combating	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
using	O
mathematical	O
modelling	O
].	O

The	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
knowledge	O
from	O
various	O
disciplines	O
can	O
be	O
supported	O
by	O
more	O
research	O
into	O
the	O
theoretical	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
by	O
better	O
integration	O
of	O
mathematical	O
models	O
into	O
policy	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Carboxyl	O
terminus	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
:	O
self	O
-	O
association	O
analysis	O
and	O
nucleic	O
acid	O
binding	O
characterization	O
.	O

The	O
fact	O
that	O
nucleic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
could	O
promote	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminus	I-PRGE
to	O
form	O
high	O
-	O
order	B-SPEC
oligomers	O
implies	O
that	O
the	O
oligomeric	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
probably	O
combines	O
with	O
the	O
viral	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
in	O
triggering	O
long	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
of	O
infected	O
individuals	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
have	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
contaminate	O
donated	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
products	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
a	O
future	O
outbreak	O
.	O

S	O
/	O
D	O
treatment	O
required	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
24	O
hours	O
for	O
Triton	B-CHED
X	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
100	I-CHED
,	O
Tween	B-CHED
80	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
sodium	B-CHED
cholate	I-CHED
inactivation	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Eight	O
small	O
group	O
interviews	O
were	O
conducted	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
twenty	O
-	O
one	O
nurses	O
with	O
experience	O
caring	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
authors	O
further	O
addressed	O
relationships	O
between	O
suffering	B-DISO
and	O
ethical	O
practice	O
,	O
the	O
calling	O
and	O
a	O
nurse	O
'	O
s	O
professional	O
responsibilities	O
,	O
and	O
transcendence	O
in	O
intersubjectivity	O
.	O

The	O
alphaSIP	O
molecule	O
consisted	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
chain	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
scFv	O
)	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CH3	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
from	O
human	B-PRGE
IgA	I-PRGE
.	O
To	O
express	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
IgA	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
individual	O
light	O
and	O
heavy	O
chains	O
from	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
mAb	O
6A	O
.	O
C3	O
were	O
inserted	O
into	O
separate	O
PVX	B-SPEC
constructs	O
and	O
plants	B-SPEC
were	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
with	O
both	O
constructs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
incidence	O
of	O
methicillin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
(	O
MRSA	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
vancomycin	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
Enterococcus	B-SPEC
(	O
VRE	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
continues	O
to	O
rise	O
in	O
National	O
Nosocomial	B-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
Surveillance	O
system	O
hospitals	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
pathogens	O
are	O
reportedly	O
causing	O
more	O
than	O
100	O
,	O
000	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
many	O
deaths	B-PROC
each	O
year	O
in	O
US	O
healthcare	O
facilities	O
.	O

Studies	O
suggesting	O
problems	O
with	O
using	O
such	O
data	O
to	O
control	O
MRSA	B-DISO
colonization	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
have	O
their	O
own	O
problems	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
an	O
outbreak	O
alert	O
,	O
the	O
authorities	O
must	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
quickly	O
investigate	O
cases	O
/	O
deaths	B-PROC
and	O
institute	O
comprehensive	O
control	O
measures	O
to	O
break	O
the	O
chain	O
of	O
transmission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prognosis	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
early	O
onset	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
with	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	O
.	O

Our	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
incidence	O
,	O
characteristics	O
,	O
outcomes	O
,	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
GBS	B-DISO
patients	O
receiving	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Pneumonia	O
developed	O
in	O
63	O
patients	O
(	O
78	O
%),	O
including	O
48	O
with	O
early	O
-	O
onset	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
milder	O
weakness	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
lower	O
risk	O
of	O
intubation	O
(	O
score	O
<	O
2	O
),	O
and	O
time	O
from	O
admission	O
to	O
intubation	O
longer	O
than	O
2	O
days	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
early	O
-	O
onset	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
characterized	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
plays	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
overcoming	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
and	O
accomplishing	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
major	O
target	O
of	O
selective	O
pressure	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
showed	O
that	O
a	O
larger	O
proportion	O
(	O
24	O
%)	O
of	O
positively	O
selected	O
sites	O
was	O
located	O
in	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
than	O
in	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
1	O
-	O
HR2	O
region	O
in	O
02	O
-	O
04	O
interspecies	O
epidemic	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0208	O
),	O
and	O
a	O
greater	O
percentage	O
(	O
25	O
%)	O
of	O
these	O
sites	O
occurred	O
in	O
HR1	O
-	O
HR2	O
region	O
than	O
in	O
RBD	O
in	O
03	O
-	O
early	O
-	O
mid	O
epidemic	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0721	O
).	O

The	O
variation	O
of	O
positive	O
selective	O
pressures	O
and	O
positively	O
selected	O
sites	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
adaptive	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
MMV	B-SPEC
but	O
not	O
MHV	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
to	O
recipients	O
even	O
after	O
washing	O
embryos	B-ANAT
10	O
times	O
before	O
embryo	B-ANAT
transfer	O
.	O

A	O
parallel	O
between	O
the	O
nsp8	O
RdRp	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
DNA	O
-	O
dependent	O
RNA	O
primases	O
is	O
drawn	O
to	O
propose	O
that	O
the	O
nsp8	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
produces	O
primers	O
utilized	O
by	O
the	O
primer	O
-	O
dependent	O
nsp12	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
.	O

Our	O
clinical	O
evidence	O
obtained	O
with	O
the	O
aid	O
of	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
featured	O
genomes	O
of	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	O
-	O
scintillating	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
the	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
2001	O
was	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
71	O
.	O
10	O
%)	O
with	O
predominant	O
presentation	O
of	O
jaundice	B-DISO
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
(	O
77	O
.	O
96	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Adverse	O
skin	B-ANAT
reactions	O
to	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
--	O
a	O
descriptive	O
study	O
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

64	O
(	O
21	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
299	O
who	O
used	O
gloves	O
regularly	O
reported	O
dry	B-DISO
skin	I-DISO
(	O
73	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
itch	B-DISO
(	O
56	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
and	O
rash	B-DISO
(	O
37	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
detection	O
of	O
Bovine	B-DISO
Viral	I-DISO
Diarrhoea	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
whole	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
using	O
an	O
external	O
RNA	O
reference	O
.	O

During	O
infection	B-DISO
animals	B-SPEC
experience	O
a	O
characteristic	O
transient	O
leucopenia	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
per	O
volume	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
changes	O
over	O
time	O
;	O
so	O
quantitation	O
of	O
viral	O
load	O
by	O
reference	O
to	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
housekeeping	O
gene	O
is	O
not	O
ideal	O
as	O
this	O
may	O
hide	B-ANAT
significant	O
animal	B-SPEC
to	O
animal	B-SPEC
variation	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
encouraging	O
results	O
for	O
rapid	O
,	O
sensitive	O
and	O
reliable	O
detection	O
of	O
acute	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
provides	O
an	O
alternative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
method	O
for	O
use	O
on	O
whole	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
or	O
samples	O
where	O
suitable	O
housekeeping	O
genes	O
are	O
not	O
available	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
two	O
additional	O
group	O
2b	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
G2b	O
-	O
CoVs	O
)	O
were	O
determined	O
from	O
horseshoe	B-PRGE
bat	I-PRGE
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
ferrumequinum	I-SPEC
(	O
G2b	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Rf1	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
macrotis	I-SPEC
(	O
G2b	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Rm1	I-PRGE
).	O

Genetic	O
analysis	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
a	O
diverse	O
G2b	O
-	O
CoV	O
population	O
exists	O
in	O
the	O
bat	O
habitat	O
and	O
has	O
evolved	O
from	O
a	O
common	O
ancestor	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genotypes	O
and	O
subtypes	O
of	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
60	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kDa	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
identified	O
16	O
IIa	O
subtypes	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
subtype	O
family	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
120	O
of	O
the	O
216	O
(	O
55	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
positive	O
specimens	O
having	O
the	O
subtype	O
IIaA18G3R1	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
ACE2	O
+	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
SARS	O
patients	O
:	O
relation	O
to	O
the	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
its	O
RNA	O
were	O
only	O
detected	O
in	O
ACE2	O
+	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
other	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
-	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
the	O
primary	O
targets	O
for	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	O
in	O
vivo	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
parameters	O
were	O
measured	O
during	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
before	O
initiating	O
HFOV	O
and	O
during	O
HFOV	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
40	O
hours	O
.	O

The	O
successful	O
weaning	B-PROC
rate	O
from	O
HFOV	O
to	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
was	O
75	O
%.	O

Uremic	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
by	O
contrast	O
,	O
showed	O
a	O
significant	O
protection	O
from	O
ALI	O
(	O
decrease	O
in	O
arterial	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
<	O
40	O
%);	O
this	O
was	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
AU	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Identification	O
of	O
mimotope	B-CHED
peptides	B-CHED
which	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
specific	I-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
2C5	I-PRGE
with	O
phage	O
-	O
displayed	O
peptides	B-CHED
library	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
results	O
presented	O
here	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp2	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
for	O
polyprotein	O
expression	B-PROC
or	O
processing	O
,	O
or	O
for	O
viral	B-COMP
replication	I-COMP
complex	I-COMP
formation	B-PROC
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

Such	O
may	O
prove	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
case	O
for	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
,	O
as	O
well	O
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
N	O
)	O
DNA	O
or	O
(	O
M	O
)	O
DNA	O
using	O
pcDNA	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
(+)	O
plasmid	O
vector	O
showed	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
(	O
CTL	B-ANAT
induction	O
and	O
proliferation	B-DISO
)	O
against	O
type	O
II	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
T7	O
)	O
transfected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
N	O
)	O
or	O
(	O
M	O
)	O
DNA	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

into	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
-	O
disrupted	O
NOD	B-DISO
-	O
SCID	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
[	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2R	I-FUNC
(-/-)	O
NOD	B-DISO
-	O
SCID	B-DISO
].	O

SCID	B-DISO
-	O
PBL	B-PRGE
/	O
hu	O
mice	B-SPEC
thus	O
constructed	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

These	O
vaccines	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
induce	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
specific	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
should	O
provide	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
protective	O
vaccines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
efficient	O
strategy	O
for	O
immobilizing	O
proteins	O
on	O
a	O
gold	B-CHED
surface	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
employing	O
the	O
gold	B-CHED
binding	B-FUNC
polypeptide	B-CHED
(	O
GBP	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
fusion	O
partner	O
.	O

They	O
can	O
cause	O
respiratory	O
,	O
enteric	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
and	O
neurological	O
diseases	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
bat	B-ENZY
is	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
progenitor	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
genomic	O
sequences	O
for	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
has	O
prevented	O
elucidation	O
of	O
the	O
true	O
origin	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
shows	O
that	O
the	O
5	B-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
has	O
a	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
ancestry	O
;	O
whereas	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
end	O
structural	O
genes	O
(	O
excluding	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
)	O
have	O
an	O
avian	B-SPEC
origin	O
.	O

An	O
enhancement	O
assay	O
using	O
the	O
HKU39849	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
strain	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
immature	O
dendritic	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
confirmed	O
our	O
observation	O
.	O

Results	O
from	O
a	O
capture	O
assay	O
testing	O
three	O
pseudotyped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
mutated	O
N	O
-	O
linked	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
indicate	O
that	O
only	O
two	O
pseudotyped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
N330Q	O
and	O
N357Q	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
lost	B-CHED
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
near	O
the	O
SIa5	O
epitope	B-CHED
)	O
had	O
diminished	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
capacity	O
.	O

Infected	O
A	O
/	O
J	O
mice	B-SPEC
had	O
significantly	O
higher	O
cytokine	O
levels	O
,	O
particularly	O
macrophage	B-PRGE
chemoattractant	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
1	I-PRGE
(	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
/	O
CCL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
),	O
gamma	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Amongst	O
the	O
60	O
viral	O
species	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
59	O
are	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
are	O
potentially	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
emerging	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
prime	O
examples	O
of	O
these	O
are	O
the	O
lyssaviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
Henipavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
systematic	O
survey	O
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
is	O
warranted	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
ecology	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
improved	O
rapidly	O
and	O
aeration	O
of	O
the	O
entire	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
computed	O
tomography	O
27	O
h	O
after	O
the	O
recruitment	B-DISO
manoeuvre	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
investigated	O
health	O
-	O
related	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
(	O
HRQoL	O
)	O
and	O
persistent	O
symptoms	O
of	O
post	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
traumatic	I-DISO
stress	I-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
(	O
PTSD	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
survivors	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

This	O
was	O
independent	O
of	O
physical	O
condition	B-DISO
and	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
traumatic	O
memories	O
of	O
anxiety	O
during	O
their	O
ICU	O
stay	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
three	O
variant	O
IBVs	O
of	O
novel	O
Italy	O
-	O
02	O
genotype	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
96	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
S1	O
gene	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
belonged	O
to	O
three	O
separate	O
subgroups	O
based	O
on	O
N	O
gene	O
sequences	O
.	O

624	O
/	O
I	O
-	O
type	O
isolate	O
Italy	O
-	O
06	O
together	O
with	O
Italy	O
-	O
03	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
undetectable	O
using	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
primers	O
,	O
shared	O
97	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
99	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
identity	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
region	O
with	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
H120	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
observed	O
in	O
FIP	B-DISO
cats	B-SPEC
was	O
due	O
to	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
ascitic	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
,	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
culture	O
supernatant	O
of	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
exudate	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
adherent	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
morphology	O
,	O
or	O
PEC	O
)	O
from	O
FIP	B-DISO
cats	B-SPEC
readily	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
cat	B-SPEC
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
particularly	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
in	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
cells	B-ANAT
cultured	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
PEC	O
culture	O
supernatant	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
of	O
TNFR1	B-PRGE
and	O
TNFR2	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
were	O
increased	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
CD8	O
+	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
more	O
susceptible	O
to	O
apoptosis	B-PROC
induction	I-PROC
by	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
than	O
other	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
subsets	O
,	O
particularly	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
CD21	O
+	O
cells	B-COMP
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
))	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
promising	O
targets	O
for	O
discovery	O
of	O
drugs	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
life	I-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
.	O

With	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
molecular	O
modeling	O
,	O
eight	O
new	O
derivatives	O
of	O
the	O
natural	B-CHED
product	I-CHED
were	O
designed	O
and	O
synthesized	O
.	O

We	O
assess	O
if	O
any	O
epidemiological	O
or	O
clinical	O
factors	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
index	O
patients	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
probability	O
of	O
transmission	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-PRGE
blocked	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
the	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
and	O
neutralized	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Temporal	O
changes	O
in	O
cytokine	O
/	O
chemokine	O
profiles	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
involvement	I-DISO
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
-	O
inducible	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
10	O
(	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
),	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
were	O
significantly	O
elevated	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Among	O
the	O
chemokines	O
/	O
cytokines	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
levels	O
correlated	O
most	O
strongly	O
with	O
radiographic	O
scores	O
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
-	O
inducible	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
10	O
(	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
),	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
were	O
significantly	O
elevated	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
essential	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
response	O
plan	O
for	O
control	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
threats	O
.	O

N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
underwent	O
a	O
conformational	B-PROC
change	I-PROC
upon	O
binding	B-FUNC
viral	O
RNA	O
and	O
the	O
data	O
indicated	O
electrostatic	O
interactions	O
were	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
to	O
RNA	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
on	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

All	O
participants	O
completed	O
questionnaires	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Chinese	O
Health	O
Questionnaire	O
,	O
Eysenck	O
Personality	B-DISO
Questionnaire	O
and	O
Parental	O
Bonding	O
Instrument	O
.	O

The	O
structural	O
equation	O
model	O
showed	O
that	O
maternal	O
care	O
(	O
beta	O
=	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
18	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
)	O
and	O
neuroticism	B-DISO
(	O
beta	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
54	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
10	O
(-	O
6	O
))	O
directly	O
influenced	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Societal	O
responses	O
to	O
familiar	O
versus	O
unfamiliar	O
risk	O
:	O
comparisons	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

This	O
belief	O
undoubtedly	O
was	O
influenced	O
by	O
a	O
reframing	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
as	O
preventing	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Nine	O
of	O
10	O
epidemiological	O
studies	O
reviewed	O
showed	O
that	O
handwashing	O
was	O
protective	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
when	O
comparing	O
infected	O
cases	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
infected	O
controls	O
in	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
in	O
three	O
studies	O
was	O
this	O
result	O
statistically	O
significant	O
in	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
genomes	O
have	O
a	O
mosaic	O
structure	O
with	O
multiple	O
recombination	B-PROC
sites	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)-	O
specific	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
might	O
recognize	O
the	O
pathogen	O
and	O
interrupt	O
its	O
adherence	O
to	O
and	O
penetration	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Using	O
the	O
phage	O
-	O
displayed	O
peptide	B-CHED
library	O
screening	O
method	O
and	O
purified	O
Fab	B-PRGE
fragments	O
of	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
Fab	I-PRGE
)	O
from	O
normal	O
human	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
and	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
as	O
targets	O
,	O
11	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
(	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
membrane	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
)	O
were	O
screened	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
the	O
worry	O
and	O
pandemic	O
about	O
deadest	O
virus	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
AIDS	O
and	O
bird	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
are	O
intensified	O
,	O
eradical	O
treatments	O
for	O
these	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
diseases	O
are	O
in	O
high	O
demand	O
.	O

This	O
might	O
help	O
us	O
to	O
know	O
greatly	O
more	O
about	O
the	O
consequences	O
of	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
achieve	O
biotherapy	O
of	O
specifically	O
targeted	B-PROC
in	O
future	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
laboratory	O
verified	O
SARS	B-DISO
case	O
data	O
and	O
the	O
detailed	O
quarantine	O
data	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
where	O
over	O
150	O
,	O
000	O
people	O
were	O
quarantined	O
during	O
the	O
2003	O
outbreak	O
,	O
to	O
formulate	O
a	O
mathematical	O
model	O
which	O
incorporates	O
Level	O
A	O
quarantine	O
(	O
of	O
potentially	O
exposed	O
contacts	O
of	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
)	O
and	O
Level	O
B	O
quarantine	O
(	O
of	O
travelers	O
arriving	O
at	O
borders	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
affected	O
areas	O
)	O
implemented	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
fragment	O
450	O
-	O
650	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
S450	O
-	O
650	O
)	O
is	O
predominantly	O
recognized	O
by	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
/	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
hunt	O
for	O
the	O
aetiology	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
a	O
newly	O
developed	O
virus	O
DNA	O
micro	O
-	O
array	O
was	O
successfully	O
used	O
to	O
hybridise	O
PCR	O
products	O
obtained	O
by	O
random	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
extracted	O
from	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
infected	O
with	O
material	O
from	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
.	O

Coincident	O
with	O
this	O
publication	O
came	O
increasing	O
reports	O
of	O
severe	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
of	O
unknown	O
etiology	O
among	O
persons	O
in	O
southeast	O
Asia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
pseudotype	O
-	O
based	O
assay	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	O
responses	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
in	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
revealed	O
HCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
79	O
cases	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
%):	O
33	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
13	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
(	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
11	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
none	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
genotype	O
A	O
,	O
and	O
22	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
co	O
-	O
detections	O
of	O
a	O
HCoV	O
and	O
another	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
HCoVs	O
were	O
identified	O
mainly	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
;	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
between	O
single	O
HCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
HCoV	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

There	O
were	O
a	O
few	O
cases	O
of	O
other	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
households	O
of	O
HCoV	O
-	O
positive	O
children	O
falling	O
ill	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
5	O
-	O
7	O
days	O
following	O
enrollment	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
treatment	O
strategy	O
of	O
early	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
after	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

All	O
18	O
patients	O
were	O
weaned	B-PROC
and	O
extubated	O
successfully	O
with	O
the	O
survival	O
rate	O
of	O
100	O
%.	O

The	O
circulating	O
toxins	B-CHED
deriving	O
from	O
the	O
bacterial	O
wall	O
can	O
activate	O
the	O
septic	O
cascade	O
that	O
induces	O
many	O
systemic	O
reactions	O
involving	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
,	O
complement	O
and	O
coagulation	B-PROC
system	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
context	O
,	O
local	O
and	O
systemic	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
plays	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
inducing	O
the	O
septic	O
cascade	O
,	O
which	O
although	O
meant	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
phlogistic	O
defense	O
reaction	O
,	O
can	O
often	O
become	O
an	O
uncontrolled	O
and	O
dangerous	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
derived	O
lesions	O
can	O
involve	O
many	O
organs	B-ANAT
and	O
apparatus	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
picture	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
DNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PKcs	I-PRGE
deficiency	O
and	O
telomere	B-COMP
dysfunction	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
shortened	O
lifespan	O
that	O
was	O
reduced	O
further	O
following	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
or	O
experimental	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Role	O
of	O
laboratory	O
variables	O
in	O
differentiating	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
other	O
causes	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
72	O
h	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

Routine	O
hematological	O
/	O
biochemical	O
variables	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
2003	O
)	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
in	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
June	O
-	O
December	O
2004	O
with	O
radiologically	O
confirmed	O
CAP	B-DISO
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspiration	B-DISO
and	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
using	O
an	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
were	O
routinely	O
performed	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
.	O

Altogether	O
,	O
181	O
patients	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
(	O
who	O
remained	O
undiagnosed	O
by	O
IFA	O
)	O
and	O
303	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
studied	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Baculovirus	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
Western	O
blot	O
assay	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
human	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
.	O

Recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
extracted	O
from	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
analysed	O
by	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
,	O
and	O
purified	O
by	O
Ni2	O
+	O
affinity	O
procedure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Replicase	B-PRGE
genes	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
strains	O
A59	O
and	O
JHM	O
are	O
interchangeable	O
:	O
differences	O
in	O
pathogenesis	O
map	O
to	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
.	O

Understanding	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
therapeutic	O
approaches	O
have	O
been	O
hampered	O
by	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
that	O
mimics	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
and	O
is	O
reproducible	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
ORF7b	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
lysates	O
and	O
from	O
a	O
cDNA	O
encoding	O
the	O
gene	B-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
coding	I-PRGE
region	I-PRGE
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
sgRNA7	O
is	O
bicistronic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Suppression	B-PROC
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
by	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
MEK	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
treatment	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
,	O
as	O
revealed	O
by	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
internalization	O
assay	O
.	O

Metabolic	B-PROC
labeling	O
and	O
reporter	O
gene	O
assays	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
translation	B-PROC
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
viral	O
mRNAs	O
appeared	O
unaffected	O
by	O
UO126	O
treatment	O
.	O

Observational	O
,	O
retrospective	O
study	O
in	O
a	O
23	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
medical	O
/	O
surgical	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
cancer	B-DISO
hospital	O
from	O
January	O
to	O
December	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
)	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
10	O
[	O
6	O
-	O
17	O
]	O
vs	O
.	O
7	O
[	O
2	O
-	O
12	O
]	O
days	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
017	O
)	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
41	O
[	O
16	O
-	O
97	O
]	O
vs	O
.	O
21	O
[	O
7	O
-	O
33	O
.	O
5	O
]	O
hrs	B-DISO
,	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
018	O
)	O
were	O
longer	O
in	O
AKI	O
patients	O
compared	O
with	O
control	O
patients	O
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
although	O
FAH	O
sequence	O
1	O
-	O
50	O
shares	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
homology	O
with	O
various	O
MHV	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
portion	O
does	O
not	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
autoAb	O
reacted	O
with	O
homologous	O
peptides	B-CHED
surrounding	O
residues	O
70	O
,	O
160	O
and	O
360	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
similar	O
sequences	O
around	O
residues	O
130	O
,	O
210	O
,	O
240	O
,	O
250	O
,	O
and	O
300	O
were	O
also	O
recognized	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
autoAb	O
were	O
not	O
restricted	O
to	O
epitopes	O
with	O
sequence	O
homologies	O
.	O

Results	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
the	O
autoAb	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
related	O
to	O
molecular	O
or	O
structural	O
mimicry	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
rather	O
supports	O
the	O
Danger	O
model	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
any	O
aggression	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
is	O
susceptible	O
to	O
trigger	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
autoAb	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nitrogen	O
oxide	O
(	O
NO	O
)	O
species	B-SPEC
are	O
markers	O
for	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
that	O
may	O
be	O
pathogenic	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
).	O

Higher	O
baseline	O
levels	O
of	O
urine	B-ANAT
NO	O
to	O
Cr	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
lower	O
mortality	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
43	O
per	O
log	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
ratio	O
),	O
more	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
(	O
mean	O
increase	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
d	O
),	O
and	O
more	O
organ	B-ANAT
-	O
failure	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
(	O
mean	O
increase	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
d	O
)	O
on	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
for	O
all	O
analyses	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Higher	O
baseline	O
levels	O
of	O
urine	B-ANAT
NO	O
to	O
Cr	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
lower	O
mortality	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
43	O
per	O
log	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
ratio	O
),	O
more	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
(	O
mean	O
increase	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
d	O
),	O
and	O
more	O
organ	B-ANAT
-	O
failure	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
(	O
mean	O
increase	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
d	O
)	O
on	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
for	O
all	O
analyses	O
).	O

The	O
epitope	B-CHED
NP366	O
-	O
specific	O
response	O
is	O
dominated	O
by	O
TCR	B-COMP
clonotypes	O
that	O
are	O
public	O
(	O
shared	O
by	O
most	O
mice	B-SPEC
),	O
whereas	O
the	O
epitope	B-CHED
PA224	O
-	O
specific	O
response	O
is	O
private	O
(	O
unique	O
within	O
each	O
infected	O
animal	B-SPEC
).	O

We	O
calculated	O
that	O
50	O
-	O
550	O
clonotypes	O
recognized	O
each	O
epitope	B-CHED
in	O
individual	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

During	O
the	O
MD	O
simulation	O
of	O
dimer	O
,	O
three	O
interest	O
phenomena	O
of	O
protomer	O
A	O
have	O
been	O
observed	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
the	O
distance	O
between	O
NE2	O
of	O
His41	O
and	O
SG	O
of	O
Cys145	O
averages	O
3	O
.	O
72	O
A	O
,	O
which	O
agrees	O
well	O
with	O
the	O
experimental	O
observations	O
made	O
by	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystallography	O
;	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
His163	O
and	O
Glu166	O
form	O
the	O
""""	O
tooth	B-ANAT
""""	O
conformational	O
properties	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
specificity	O
for	O
glutamine	B-CHED
at	O
substrate	O
P1	O
site	O
;	O
and	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
the	O
substrate	O
-	O
binding	O
pocket	O
formed	O
by	O
loop	O
140	O
-	O
146	O
and	O
loop	O
184	O
-	O
197	O
is	O
large	O
enough	O
to	O
accommodate	O
the	O
substrate	O
analog	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
a	O
water	B-CHED
-	O
bridge	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
between	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
protomer	O
B	O
and	O
Gly170	O
,	O
which	O
stabilizes	O
His172	O
and	O
avoids	O
it	O
moving	B-PROC
toward	O
Tyr161	O
to	O
disrupt	O
the	O
H	O
-	O
bond	O
between	O
Tyr161	O
and	O
His163	O
,	O
stabilizing	O
the	O
conformation	O
of	O
His163	O
.	O

Nonetheless	O
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemics	O
are	O
considered	O
inevitable	O
.	O

519	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
PO2	B-PROC
/	O
FiO2	O
was	O
188	O
+/-	O

The	O
patients	O
'	O
condition	B-DISO
was	O
improved	O
much	O
as	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
pH	O
7	O
.	O
38	O
+/-	O

375	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
PO2	B-PROC
/	O
FiO2	O
285	O
+/-	O

Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
bovis	I-SPEC
was	O
not	O
detected	O
at	O
all	O
.	O

M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bovis	I-SPEC
,	O
an	O
emerging	O
pathogen	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
,	O
was	O
not	O
detected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Newly	O
recognized	O
causes	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
:	O
transfusion	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
article	O
discusses	O
the	O
clinical	O
importance	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
these	O
newly	O
recognized	O
causes	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
are	O
inflammatory	O
conditions	O
involving	O
a	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
from	O
mild	O
respiratory	O
abnormality	O
to	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
derangement	O
.	O

VILI	O
may	O
amplify	O
preexisting	O
injury	O
,	O
delay	O
lung	B-ANAT
recovery	O
,	O
and	O
result	O
in	O
adverse	O
outcomes	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
examines	O
the	O
evidence	O
supporting	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
and	O
addresses	O
the	O
methods	O
,	O
outcomes	O
,	O
and	O
potential	O
obstacles	O
to	O
implementation	O
of	O
such	O
approaches	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
necrotizing	O
pancreatitis	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
widespread	O
leukocyte	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
and	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
,	O
distant	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
P	O
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
C	O
group	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
T	O
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
P	O
group	O
but	O
showed	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
from	O
the	O
C	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
divided	O
into	O
a	O
group	O
receiving	O
normal	O
feed	O
and	O
another	O
group	O
receiving	O
feed	O
mixed	O
with	O
TJ	O
-	O
41	O
at	O
a	O
dose	O
of	O
1	O
g	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
day	O
for	O
8	O
weeks	O
before	O
LPS	B-DISO
challenge	O
.	O

The	O
fraction	O
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
was	O
15	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
were	O
33	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
eosinophils	B-ANAT
were	O
26	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
were	O
23	O
.	O
6	O
%.	O

After	O
admission	O
,	O
he	O
displayed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
as	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
gradually	O
progressed	O
.	O

We	O
commenced	O
treatment	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
pulse	B-PROC
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
and	O
neutrophil	B-CHED
elastase	B-PRGE
inhibitor	I-CHED
under	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
features	O
,	O
complications	O
and	O
atypical	O
manifestations	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
hemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
in	O
South	O
India	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
858	O
patients	O
with	O
dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
/	O
DHF	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
109	O
cases	O
with	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
disease	O
required	O
PICU	B-SPEC
admission	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
9	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diffuse	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
lesion	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
induced	O
with	O
human	B-PRGE
reovirus	B-SPEC
BYD1	I-PRGE
strain	O
and	O
its	O
potential	O
relation	O
with	O
SARS	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
continuous	O
high	O
volume	O
hemofiltration	O
(	O
HVHF	O
)	O
on	O
respiration	B-PROC
,	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
oxygen	B-PROC
metabolism	I-PROC
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Continuous	O
HVHF	O
shows	O
significant	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
on	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
removal	O
of	O
cytokines	O
,	O
decrease	O
of	O
TFC	O
and	O
amelioration	O
of	O
disturbance	O
in	O
respiration	B-PROC
,	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
and	O
oxygen	B-PROC
metabolism	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
induces	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
in	O
an	O
animal	O
model	O
.	O

Our	O
previous	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
elicits	O
highly	O
potent	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
immunized	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Sera	B-COMP
were	O
analyzed	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FIV	B-SPEC
),	O
feline	B-SPEC
calicivirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FCV	B-CHED
),	O
feline	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
feline	B-SPEC
rhinotracheitis	B-DISO
:	O
FHV1	O
),	O
feline	B-SPEC
/	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
(	O
FPV	B-SPEC
/	O
CPV	B-SPEC
),	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
FIPV	O
),	O
and	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CDV	B-CHED
)	O
or	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FeLV	O
)	O
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Discovering	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3CL	O
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
:	O
virtual	O
screening	O
,	O
surface	O
plasmon	O
resonance	O
,	O
and	O
fluorescence	O
resonance	O
energy	O
transfer	O
assays	O
.	O

Using	O
mouse	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
feline	B-SPEC
APN	I-PRGE
chimeras	I-PRGE
,	O
we	O
identified	O
three	O
small	O
,	O
discontinuous	O
regions	O
,	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
aa	O
)	O
288	O
to	O
290	O
,	O
aa	O
732	O
to	O
746	O
(	O
called	O
R1	O
),	O
and	O
aa	O
764	O
to	O
788	O
(	O
called	O
R2	O
)	O
in	O
fAPN	O
that	O
determined	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
ranges	O
of	O
these	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Blockade	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
fAPN	I-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
RG4	I-PRGE
suggested	O
that	O
these	O
three	O
regions	O
lie	O
close	O
together	O
on	O
the	O
fAPN	O
surface	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
within	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
element	O
of	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
genome	O
is	O
nonessential	O
for	O
RNA	O
synthesis	O
but	O
affects	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
neither	O
the	O
HVR	O
nor	O
oct	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
basic	O
mechanism	O
of	O
MHV	B-PRGE
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
.	O

Cyclical	O
tidal	O
volume	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
atelectatic	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
causes	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
as	O
do	O
large	O
breaths	O
during	O
pneumonectomy	O
.	O

Positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
levels	O
must	O
be	O
high	O
enough	O
to	O
minimize	O
recruitment	B-DISO
/	O
derecruitment	O
cycling	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
High	O
incidence	O
of	O
fatal	O
cytokine	O
-	O
related	O
disease	O
among	O
children	O
with	O
sequelae	O
of	O
perinatal	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
ischemic	I-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
has	O
spawned	O
a	O
major	O
controversy	O
concerning	O
protective	O
performance	O
facemasks	O
for	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
.	O

Nano	O
-	O
masks	O
show	O
stronger	O
water	B-CHED
repellency	O
and	O
antibacterial	O
activities	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
usability	O
,	O
comparing	O
with	O
normal	O
N95	O
and	O
surgical	O
masks	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Tests	O
on	O
physical	O
properties	O
showed	O
that	O
N95	O
respirators	O
had	O
significantly	O
lower	O
air	B-CHED
permeability	O
and	O
water	B-CHED
vapor	O
permeability	O
than	O
surgical	O
masks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Derivation	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replicon	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
and	O
its	O
application	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drug	O
screening	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
characteristics	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
within	O
households	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
transmission	O
in	O
households	O
is	O
complex	O
and	O
increases	O
with	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
time	O
an	O
ill	B-DISO
person	O
spends	O
at	O
home	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
also	O
evidence	O
stemming	O
from	O
newly	O
presented	O
C	O
-	O
L	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
studies	O
that	O
the	O
remarkable	O
advances	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
treatment	O
,	O
organ	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
medicine	B-CHED
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
with	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
bypass	O
within	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
have	O
an	O
important	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
general	O
hospital	O
inpatients	O
;	O
psychosocial	O
outcome	O
.	O

Another	O
outcome	O
study	O
examining	O
concurrently	O
psychiatric	O
morbidity	O
and	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
in	O
intermediate	O
-	O
term	O
survivors	O
of	O
orthotopic	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
(	O
OLT	O
)	O
survivors	O
has	O
documented	O
that	O
5	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
had	O
a	O
full	O
PTSD	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
17	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
them	O
a	O
sub	O
-	O
PTSD	B-DISO
at	O
4	O
year	O
-	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

The	O
duration	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
treatment	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
medical	O
complications	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
acute	O
rejection	O
were	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
PTSD	B-DISO
symptoms	O
subsequent	O
to	O
OLT	O
.	O

Postoperative	B-DISO
delirium	I-DISO
developed	O
in	O
32	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
only	O
in	O
5	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
them	O
severe	O
delirium	B-DISO
was	O
noted	O
.	O

If	O
they	O
are	O
untreated	O
,	O
PTSD	B-DISO
symptoms	O
such	O
as	O
intrusive	O
recollections	O
,	O
avoidance	O
and	O
hyper	O
-	O
arousal	O
may	O
impair	O
the	O
patients	O
;	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
more	O
than	O
the	O
primary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predictive	O
models	O
of	O
control	O
strategies	O
involved	O
in	O
containing	O
indoor	O
airborne	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
examine	O
mathematically	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
engineering	O
control	O
measures	O
such	O
as	O
enhanced	O
air	B-CHED
exchange	O
and	O
air	B-CHED
filtration	O
rates	O
with	O
personal	O
masking	O
combined	O
with	O
public	O
health	O
interventions	O
such	O
as	O
vaccination	O
,	O
isolation	O
,	O
and	O
contact	O
tracing	O
in	O
containing	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
indoor	O
airborne	O
infections	B-DISO
including	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
chickenpox	B-DISO
,	O
measles	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Combinations	O
of	O
engineering	O
control	O
measures	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
interventions	O
could	O
moderately	O
contain	O
influenza	B-DISO
strains	O
with	O
an	O
R0	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
4	O
.	O

The	O
combination	O
of	O
enhanced	O
engineering	O
control	O
measures	O
and	O
assigned	O
effective	O
public	O
health	O
interventions	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
high	O
probability	O
for	O
containing	O
airborne	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
associated	O
hemophagocytic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
accompanied	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-PATH
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
).	O

Preliminary	O
studies	O
with	O
mice	B-SPEC
of	O
a	O
second	O
lineage	O
,	O
AC63	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
transgene	O
expression	B-PROC
was	O
considerably	O
less	O
abundant	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
AC70	O
line	O
,	O
revealed	O
that	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
was	O
largely	O
restricted	O
to	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
but	O
not	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
.	O

N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
dramatically	O
inhibited	O
expression	B-PROC
from	O
an	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
responsive	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
.	O

All	O
three	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
able	O
to	O
inhibit	O
expression	B-PROC
from	O
an	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
stimulated	I-PRGE
response	I-PRGE
element	I-PRGE
(	O
ISRE	O
)	O
promoter	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
while	O
only	O
ORF	O
3b	O
and	O
ORF	O
6	O
proteins	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
inhibit	O
expression	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
ISRE	O
promoter	O
after	O
treatment	O
with	O
interferon	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
deletion	O
mutant	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
engineered	O
by	O
deleting	O
the	O
structural	O
E	O
gene	O
in	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNA	O
clone	O
that	O
was	O
constructed	O
as	O
a	O
bacterial	O
artificial	O
chromosome	B-COMP
(	O
BAC	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
constitutes	O
the	O
first	O
new	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
current	O
millennium	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
a	O
modified	O
organ	B-ANAT
expression	B-PROC
of	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
that	O
occurs	O
in	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
may	O
affect	O
the	O
systemic	O
response	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

Caerulein	B-PRGE
-	O
treated	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
increased	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
at	O
1	O
through	O
12	O
h	O
,	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
saline	O
controls	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Caerulein	B-PRGE
-	O
treated	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
increased	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
at	O
1	O
through	O
12	O
h	O
,	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
saline	O
controls	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
its	O
introduction	O
in	O
1985	O
by	O
Ciaglia	O
et	O
al	O
,	O
percutaneous	O
dilational	O
tracheostomy	O
(	O
PDT	B-CHED
)	O
has	O
gradually	O
become	O
the	O
procedure	O
of	O
choice	O
in	O
establishing	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
airway	B-ANAT
in	O
many	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICU	O
).	O

He	O
developed	O
subcutaneous	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
and	O
pneumomediastinum	B-DISO
as	O
complications	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
systemic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
that	O
clinically	O
manifests	O
as	O
progressive	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
designed	O
small	O
interference	O
RNAs	O
(	O
siRNAs	O
)	O
targeting	B-PROC
sgRNA	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
and	O
7	O
and	O
tested	O
their	O
efficiency	O
and	O
specificity	O
in	O
silencing	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
translated	O
from	O
the	O
targeted	B-PROC
sgRNA	O
.	O

Fifty	O
-	O
six	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
sequences	I-PRGE
,	O
obtained	O
from	O
patients	O
who	O
presented	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
Prince	O
of	O
Wales	O
Hospital	O
during	O
March	O
-	O
May	O
2003	O
,	O
were	O
analysed	O
using	O
a	O
maximum	O
likelihood	O
(	O
ML	O
)	O
approach	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
138	O
other	O
(	O
both	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
)	O
S	O
-	O
gene	O
sequences	O
downloaded	O
from	O
GenBank	O
.	O

Analysis	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
sequences	O
,	O
showed	O
three	O
distinct	O
SARS	B-DISO
clusters	B-CHED
,	O
closely	O
correlated	O
to	O
previously	O
defined	O
early	O
,	O
middle	O
and	O
late	O
phases	O
of	O
the	O
2003	O
international	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
maximum	O
-	O
likelihood	O
(	O
ML	O
)	O
trees	O
showed	O
little	O
evolution	B-PROC
occurring	O
within	O
these	O
56	O
sequences	O
.	O

Sputum	B-ANAT
and	O
pleural	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
cultures	O
helped	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
91	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
22	O
of	O
24	O
)	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
child	O
.	O

She	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
her	O
domestic	O
poultry	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
infected	O
with	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Public	O
health	O
implications	O
of	O
using	O
various	O
case	O
definitions	O
in	O
The	O
Netherlands	O
during	O
the	O
worldwide	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
referred	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
assessment	O
were	O
analysed	O
from	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
perspective	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
referred	O
had	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
based	O
on	O
serological	O
and	O
virological	O
criteria	O
.	O

This	O
applies	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
SARS	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
to	O
other	O
public	O
health	O
threats	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
or	O
a	O
bioterrorist	O
episode	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
trees	O
constructed	O
using	O
chymotrypsin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
,	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
,	O
helicase	B-PRGE
,	O
spike	O
,	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
all	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
group	O
2a	O
and	O
2b	O
and	O
putative	O
group	O
2c	O
and	O
2d	O
coronaviruses	O
are	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
than	O
to	O
group	O
1	O
and	O
3	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2c	O
has	O
been	O
detected	O
initially	O
in	O
Italy	O
and	O
subsequently	O
in	O
Vietnam	O
.	O

With	O
a	O
view	O
to	O
preclinical	O
candidate	O
selection	O
we	O
carried	O
out	O
metabolic	B-PROC
stability	O
studies	O
using	O
cynomolgus	B-SPEC
monkey	I-SPEC
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
S9	O
fractions	O
.	O

Oxygen	B-CHED
supplementation	O
,	O
recent	O
chemotherapy	O
,	O
and	O
presence	O
of	O
peripheral	O
edema	B-DISO
were	O
independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
a	O
combined	O
outcome	O
of	O
ALI	O
or	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
after	O
VATS	O
talc	O
pleurodesis	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
these	O
characteristics	O
might	O
be	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
adverse	O
outcomes	O
of	O
talc	O
pleurodesis	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
for	O
alternative	O
therapy	O
for	O
their	O
effusions	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
basis	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
was	O
recombined	O
by	O
using	O
insect	B-SPEC
-	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
system	O
and	O
Nickel	B-CHED
affinity	O
Magnet	O
Beads	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
used	O
to	O
stimulate	O
cultured	O
human	B-SPEC
umbilical	B-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
HUVEC	O
).	O

212	O
),	O
(	O
1	O
,	O
676	O
+/-	O
199	O
)	O
ng	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
]	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
HUVEC	O
12	O
h	O
after	O
Spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
5	O
,	O
20	O
,	O
40	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
)	O
stimulation	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
presented	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
response	O
.	O

A	O
strong	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
was	O
also	O
found	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
lung	B-ANAT
in	O
autopsy	O
.	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
The	O
Spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
induced	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
in	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
damaged	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

132	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
to	O
moderate	O
asthma	B-PATH
who	O
were	O
allergic	O
to	O
HDM	O
,	O
recruited	O
from	O
three	O
hospitals	O
of	O
China	O
(	O
The	O
First	O
Affiliated	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Guangzhou	O
Medical	O
College	O
,	O
Shenyang	O
General	O
Military	O
Hospital	O
,	O
Suzhou	O
Children	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
),	O
were	O
randomly	O
allocated	O
to	O
the	O
active	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
66	O
)	O
or	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
66	O
)	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
in	O
its	O
severe	O
form	O
is	O
complicated	O
by	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
most	O
importantly	O
by	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
which	O
include	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
.	O

Mutagenesis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
cysteine	B-PRGE
cluster	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
,	O
located	O
immediately	O
proximal	O
to	O
the	O
predicted	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
,	O
domain	O
did	O
not	O
appreciably	O
reduce	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
surface	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
although	O
S	O
-	O
mediated	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
was	O
reduced	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
50	O
%	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
S	O
.	O
Similarly	O
,	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
cysteine	O
cluster	O
II	O
located	O
adjacent	O
to	O
cluster	O
I	O
reduced	O
S	O
-	O
mediated	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
by	O
more	O
than	O
60	O
%	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
S	O
,	O
while	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
surface	O
expression	B-PROC
was	O
reduced	O
by	O
less	O
than	O
20	O
%.	O

S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
palmitoylation	B-PROC
was	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
for	O
mutant	B-DISO
glycoproteins	B-CHED
having	O
cluster	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
cysteine	B-CHED
changes	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
largely	O
unaffected	O
for	O
cysteine	B-CHED
cluster	O
III	O
and	O
IV	O
mutants	O
.	O

Pigs	B-SPEC
represent	O
an	O
important	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoir	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
and	O
are	O
also	O
naturally	O
infected	O
by	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
an	O
important	O
group	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
includes	O
the	O
recently	O
emerged	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
detect	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
previously	O
described	O
nested	O
PCR	O
assays	O
for	O
1a	O
and	O
1b	O
were	O
used	O
.	O

PCR	O
products	O
of	O
the	O
1a	O
gene	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
were	O
sequenced	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
designed	O
several	O
plasmids	O
that	O
express	O
small	O
hairpin	O
RNA	O
molecules	O
(	O
shRNA	O
)	O
specifically	O
targeting	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
genes	O
encoding	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
envelope	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Effective	O
shRNA	O
molecules	O
to	O
the	O
viral	O
genes	O
were	O
screened	O
and	O
identified	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
constructed	O
into	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
vectors	O
.	O

The	O
molecular	O
technique	O
we	O
applied	O
to	O
detect	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
appears	O
justified	O
as	O
a	O
valuable	O
diagnostic	O
approach	O
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
prevalence	O
,	O
cause	O
and	O
clinical	O
implications	O
of	O
ALRI	O
among	O
infants	O
and	O
young	O
children	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
intravenous	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
15	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
day	O
for	O
three	O
consecutive	O
days	O
and	O
intravenous	O
cyclophosphamide	B-CHED
10	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
day	O
for	O
two	O
consecutive	O
days	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
intravenous	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
4	O
mg	O
thrice	O
a	O
day	O
until	O
recovery	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Three	O
died	B-PROC
because	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
the	O
Corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
responsible	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
caused	O
an	O
epidemic	O
sufficiently	O
worrisome	O
to	O
challenge	O
crisis	O
management	O
concepts	O
,	O
was	O
successfully	O
isolated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
rapidly	O
progressing	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
resembling	O
acute	O
/	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
associated	O
with	O
uncontrolled	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

Respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
may	O
have	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
source	O
such	O
as	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
or	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
or	O
may	O
originate	O
in	O
ventilation	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
Legionnaire	O
'	O
s	O
disease	O
(	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumophila	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
).	O

Some	O
pathogens	O
have	O
acquired	O
a	O
new	O
epidemiological	O
role	O
in	O
patients	O
affected	O
with	O
immune	O
deficiencies	O
:	O
among	O
them	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
carinii	I-SPEC
and	O
other	O
bacterial	O
,	O
fungal	O
and	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Participation	O
of	O
both	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
factors	O
in	O
induction	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
F344	O
rats	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

During	O
in	O
vivo	O
passage	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
substitution	O
was	O
introduced	O
within	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
protein	O
recognizing	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
which	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
explore	O
the	O
awareness	O
on	O
sever	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
among	O
general	O
publics	O
.	O

It	O
fits	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
Becker	O
Health	O
Belief	O
Model	O
,	O
which	O
explains	O
that	O
behaviour	B-PROC
change	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
balance	B-PROC
of	O
perceived	O
vulnerability	O
,	O
severity	O
,	O
effectiveness	O
,	O
and	O
barriers	O
.	O

Malaria	B-PATH
must	O
always	O
be	O
suspected	O
in	O
a	O
returning	O
traveler	O
or	O
a	O
visitor	O
from	O
a	O
malaria	B-PATH
-	O
endemic	O
country	O
with	O
an	O
acute	O
febrile	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

Malaria	B-PATH
must	O
be	O
treated	O
with	O
effective	O
drugs	O
,	O
but	O
current	O
choices	O
are	O
few	O
:	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
parenteral	O
artemisinins	O
,	O
intravenous	O
quinine	B-CHED
or	O
quinidine	B-CHED
(	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
only	O
).	O

A	O
recent	O
trial	O
in	O
adults	O
has	O
shown	O
that	O
intravenous	O
artesunate	B-CHED
reduces	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
mortality	O
by	O
a	O
third	O
compared	O
with	O
adults	O
treated	O
with	O
intravenous	O
quinine	B-CHED
.	O

ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
pediatric	O
malaria	B-PATH
appears	O
to	O
be	O
rare	O
.	O

This	O
results	O
in	O
diagnostic	O
confusion	B-DISO
and	O
suboptimal	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
oligodendrocyte	B-PROC
apoptosis	B-PATH
is	O
mediated	O
through	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
Fas	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
a	O
Fas	B-DISO
/	O
Fc	O
chimera	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
blocks	O
Fas	B-DISO
-	O
Fas	B-DISO
ligand	B-PROC
-	O
mediated	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
inhibited	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
complexes	O
and	O
blocked	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
reached	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
copies	O
/	O
microL	O
.	O
With	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
inner	O
controls	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
provided	O
reliable	O
results	O
without	O
false	O
negatives	O
and	O
false	O
positives	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
AWS	B-DISO
on	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
,	O
morbidity	O
,	O
mortality	O
,	O
and	O
cost	O
in	O
low	O
injury	O
acuity	O
trauma	O
patients	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
HI	O
titers	O
against	O
the	O
antigens	B-CHED
used	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
relatively	O
similar	O
in	O
10	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
14	O
flocks	O
(	O
71	O
%)	O
and	O
the	O
serotype	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
that	O
these	O
flocks	O
were	O
exposed	O
to	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
determined	O
and	O
the	O
possible	O
causes	O
of	O
this	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

Utilizing	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
transgenic	O
mouse	B-SPEC
,	O
XenoMouse	O
,	O
we	O
produced	O
fully	O
human	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
seven	O
antibodies	B-COMP
neutralized	O
200TCID	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
Urbani	O
).	O

Immunoglobulin	B-PROC
gene	O
sequence	O
analyses	O
suggested	O
at	O
least	O
8	O
different	O
binding	O
specificities	O
.	O

First	O
,	O
the	O
receptor	O
of	O
HCoV	O
229E	O
,	O
human	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
hAPN	O
or	O
CD13	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
mainly	O
on	O
human	B-SPEC
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
DCs	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
indicating	O
that	O
targeting	B-PROC
of	O
HCoV	O
229E	O
-	O
based	O
vectors	O
to	O
professional	O
antigen	B-ANAT
presenting	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
by	O
receptor	O
-	O
mediated	O
transduction	B-PROC
.	O

HCoV	O
229E	O
infections	B-DISO
are	O
mainly	O
encountered	O
in	O
children	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
occurs	O
frequently	O
in	O
adults	O
.	O

Arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gases	O
were	O
measured	O
immediately	O
before	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
again	O
at	O
3	O
and	O
6	O
hours	O
post	O
-	O
treatment	O
.	O

Hence	O
,	O
such	O
related	O
experience	O
or	O
clinical	O
trials	O
should	O
be	O
taken	O
into	O
consideration	O
when	O
facing	O
the	O
possible	O
outbreak	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Symptom	B-DISO
combinations	O
associated	O
with	O
outcome	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
effects	O
in	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
cases	O
with	O
SARS	O
.	O

The	O
relationships	O
between	O
these	O
sign	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
symptom	I-DISO
complexes	O
and	O
outcome	O
under	O
two	O
treatment	O
protocols	O
were	O
evaluated	O
and	O
differences	O
were	O
noted	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
a	O
ban	B-CHED
on	O
journeys	O
>	O
50	O
km	O
would	O
drastically	O
reduce	O
the	O
speed	O
and	O
geographical	O
spread	O
of	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
compliance	O
is	O
<	O
100	O
%.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
model	O
was	O
reproduced	O
by	O
intraperitoneal	O
injection	O
of	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
latter	O
two	O
groups	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
20	O
mg	O
was	O
intravenously	O
,	O
given	O
every	O
12	O
hours	O
(	O
4	O
mg	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
xkg	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
xd	O
(-	O
1	O
)).	O

Ratio	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
wet	O
and	O
dry	O
(	O
W	O
/	O
D	O
)	O
weight	O
was	O
determined	O
routinely	O
,	O
and	O
pathological	O
changes	O
and	O
their	O
severity	O
were	O
evaluated	O
by	O
optical	O
microscope	O
and	O
Smith	O
scores	O
.	O

Collectrin	B-PRGE
associates	O
with	O
multiple	O
apical	O
transporters	O
and	O
defines	O
a	O
novel	O
group	O
of	O
renal	B-PRGE
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
transporters	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
data	O
identify	O
collectrin	B-PRGE
as	O
a	O
key	O
regulator	O
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
uptake	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quaternary	O
structure	O
,	O
substrate	O
selectivity	O
and	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
design	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bioinformatics	O
research	O
on	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS_CoV	O
)	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
),	O
a	O
genus	O
containing	O
about	O
26	O
known	O
species	B-SPEC
to	O
date	O
,	O
cause	O
highly	O
prevalent	O
diseases	O
and	O
are	O
often	O
severe	O
or	O
fatal	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

No	O
efficacious	O
therapy	O
is	O
currently	O
available	O
,	O
and	O
vaccines	O
and	O
drugs	O
are	O
under	O
development	B-PROC
to	O
prevent	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
many	O
countries	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
mini	O
review	O
is	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
computer	O
-	O
aided	O
drug	O
discovery	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
the	O
advances	O
achieved	O
mainly	O
from	O
the	O
approaches	O
of	O
structural	O
bioinformatics	O
,	O
pharmacophore	O
modeling	O
,	O
molecular	O
docking	B-PROC
,	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
prediction	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
computational	O
means	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
a	O
fimbrial	O
versus	O
an	O
autotransporter	O
display	O
system	O
for	O
viral	O
epitopes	O
on	O
an	O
attenuated	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
vaccine	O
vector	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Small	B-PRGE
immunoproteins	I-PRGE
(	O
SIPs	B-PROC
)	O
are	O
single	O
-	O
chain	O
molecules	O
comprising	O
the	O
variable	O
regions	O
of	O
an	O
antibody	B-COMP
assembled	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
(	O
scFv	O
)	O
and	O
joined	O
to	O
the	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
heavy	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
dimerizing	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
.	O

It	O
has	O
therefore	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
confer	O
passive	O
immunization	O
to	O
newborn	O
pigs	B-SPEC
by	O
feeding	O
them	O
with	O
recombinant	O
SIPs	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
prediction	O
markets	O
to	O
forecast	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
activity	O
.	O

The	O
extended	O
HR	O
regions	O
may	O
therefore	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
prime	O
the	O
group	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoproteins	I-PRGE
for	O
their	O
fusion	O
-	O
activating	O
conformational	O
changes	O
during	O
viral	O
entry	O
.	O

A	O
hybrid	O
interferon	O
,	O
interferon	B-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
-	O
alpha	O
)	O
B	O
/	O
D	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
mismatched	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
(	O
ds	O
)	O
RNA	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
inducer	O
,	O
Ampligen	O
(	O
poly	O
I	O
:	O
poly	O
C124	O
),	O
were	O
the	O
only	O
compounds	O
that	O
potently	O
inhibited	O
virus	B-SPEC
titres	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
as	O
assessed	O
by	O
CPE	O
titration	O
assays	O
.	O

When	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
dosed	O
intraperitoneally	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
p	O
.)	O
with	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
/	O
D	O
once	O
daily	O
for	O
3	O
days	O
beginning	O
4	O
h	O
after	O
virus	B-SPEC
exposure	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
reduced	O
by	O
1	O
log10	O
at	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
and	O
32	O
,	O
000	O
IU	O
;	O
at	O
the	O
highest	O
dose	O
of	O
100	O
,	O
000	O
IU	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
titres	O
were	O
below	O
detectable	O
limits	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
analogues	I-CHED
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coV	O
).	O

S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
by	O
an	O
in	O
vitro	O
rapid	O
immunochromatographic	O
assay	O
for	O
S	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
pneumoniae	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
urine	B-ANAT
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
admission	O
and	O
by	O
blood	B-ANAT
culture	O
2	O
days	O
after	O
admission	O
.	O

Symptoms	O
and	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
improved	O
after	O
treatment	O
with	O
sivelestat	O
sodium	B-CHED
hydrate	I-CHED
,	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
sivelestat	O
sodium	B-CHED
hydrate	I-CHED
also	O
decreased	O
serum	B-PRGE
neutrophil	B-ENZY
elastase	I-ENZY
activity	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
thermodynamic	O
predictions	O
for	O
secondary	O
structure	O
stability	O
of	O
solution	O
-	O
phase	O
MB	O
can	O
guide	O
probe	O
design	O
for	O
nanowire	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
assays	O
.	O

Buffered	O
300	O
-	O
500	O
mM	O
NaCl	B-CHED
was	O
selected	O
after	O
comparison	O
of	O
several	O
buffers	O
previously	O
reported	O
for	O
similar	O
types	O
of	O
assays	O
,	O
and	O
200	O
-	O
500	O
mM	O
NaCl	B-CHED
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
optimal	O
ionic	O
strength	O
for	O
the	O
hybridization	O
temperatures	O
(	O
25	O
and	O
50	O
degrees	O
C	O
)	O
and	O
probe	O
designs	O
used	O
here	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
probe	O
-	O
coated	O
nanowires	O
retain	O
their	O
selectivity	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
in	O
a	O
triplexed	O
assay	O
after	O
storage	B-PROC
for	O
over	O
3	O
months	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2003	O
alerted	O
the	O
world	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
face	B-DISO
of	O
pandemic	O
disease	O
:	O
highly	O
contagious	O
and	O
fatal	O
infections	B-DISO
for	O
which	O
no	O
vaccines	O
are	O
available	O
and	O
current	O
drugs	O
are	O
largely	O
ineffective	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
histopathology	O
of	O
two	O
serotypes	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
T	O
and	O
n1	O
/	O
88	O
)	O
in	O
laying	O
hens	O
and	O
cockerels	O
.	O

The	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
gene	O
rescued	O
VVDeltaE3L	O
from	O
IFN	B-PRGE
sensitivity	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
now	O
constructed	O
an	O
E	O
knockout	O
mutant	B-DISO
that	O
confirms	O
that	O
the	O
highly	O
defective	O
phenotype	O
of	O
the	O
DeltaE	O
mutant	B-DISO
is	O
due	O
to	O
loss	O
of	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
a	O
group	O
1	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
became	O
functional	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
only	O
after	O
acquisition	O
of	O
particular	O
mutations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
psychological	B-DISO
effect	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
on	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
staff	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
was	O
unique	O
in	O
its	O
rapid	O
transmission	O
and	O
it	O
resulted	O
in	O
heavy	O
stress	O
in	O
first	O
-	O
line	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
.	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
psychological	B-DISO
status	O
,	O
including	O
post	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
traumatic	I-DISO
stress	I-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
(	O
PTSD	B-DISO
)	O
symptoms	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
staff	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
was	O
a	O
traumatic	O
experience	O
for	O
healthcare	O
providers	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Emergency	B-DISO
department	O
staff	O
had	O
more	O
severe	O
PTSD	B-DISO
symptoms	O
than	O
staff	O
in	O
the	O
psychiatric	O
ward	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
prototype	O
of	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
societal	O
learning	B-PROC
can	O
greatly	O
affect	O
the	O
final	O
size	O
of	O
disease	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
justifying	O
investment	O
in	O
early	O
warning	O
systems	O
and	O
attentiveness	O
to	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
by	O
both	O
government	O
authorities	O
and	O
the	O
public	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Most	O
of	O
the	O
individuals	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
spontaneously	O
recovered	O
without	O
clinical	O
intervention	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
found	O
persistence	O
of	O
robust	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
CTL	B-ANAT
responses	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
subjects	O
throughout	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
moderate	O
decline	O
one	O
year	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

The	O
entire	O
ectodomain	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
fused	O
between	O
the	O
gp64	O
signal	O
peptide	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
VSV	O
-	O
G	O
membrane	B-COMP
anchor	O
and	O
successfully	O
displayed	O
on	O
the	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
surface	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recombinant	B-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
VII	I-PRGE
as	O
an	O
adjunctive	O
therapy	O
for	O
bleeding	B-DISO
control	O
in	O
severe	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
coagulopathy	O
:	O
subgroup	O
analysis	O
from	O
two	O
randomized	O
trials	O
.	O

Coagulopathy	B-DISO
was	O
retrospectively	O
defined	O
as	O
transfusion	O
of	O
fresh	B-ANAT
frozen	I-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
(	O
FFP	B-ANAT
)	O
(>	O
1	O
unit	O
of	O
FFP	B-ANAT
per	O
4	O
units	O
of	O
RBCs	B-ANAT
),	O
FFP	B-ANAT
in	O
addition	O
to	O
whole	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
transfusion	O
of	O
platelets	B-ANAT
and	O
/	O
or	O
cryoprecipitate	O
.	O

rFVIIa	O
reduced	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
coagulopathic	O
patients	O
(	O
3	O
%	O
versus	O
20	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
),	O
whereas	O
thromboembolic	B-DISO
events	I-DISO
were	O
equally	O
present	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
(	O
3	O
%	O
versus	O
4	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
).	O

Paradoxically	O
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
can	O
exacerbate	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
--	O
a	O
phenomenon	O
known	O
as	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
unconventional	O
form	O
of	O
ventilation	O
that	O
may	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
while	O
limiting	O
further	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
ventilatory	O
pressures	O
and	O
volumes	O
delivered	O
during	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Several	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
HFOV	O
may	O
improve	O
outcomes	O
if	O
used	O
early	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
if	O
used	O
in	O
certain	O
populations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
proctitis	B-DISO
,	O
perforation	O
,	O
and	O
fatal	O
rectal	B-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
an	O
immunocompetent	O
patient	O
:	O
report	O
of	O
a	O
case	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
fatal	O
CMV	B-SPEC
proctitis	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
71	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
following	O
an	O
Ivor	O
-	O
Lewis	O
esophagectomy	O
.	O

Nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
surveillance	O
is	O
usually	O
performed	O
on	O
inpatients	O
only	O
.	O

In	O
cases	O
of	O
this	O
kind	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
quickly	O
detect	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
such	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
surveillance	O
system	O
that	O
includes	O
hospital	O
personnel	O
is	O
essential	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Public	O
health	O
awareness	O
of	O
emerging	O
zoonotic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
:	O
a	O
European	O
perspective	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	O
classified	O
in	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
Chiroptera	I-SPEC
are	O
the	O
most	O
abundant	O
and	O
widely	O
distributed	O
non	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
mammalian	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

In	O
Europe	O
,	O
primary	O
efforts	O
should	O
be	O
focussed	O
on	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
effective	O
passive	O
and	O
active	O
surveillance	O
systems	O
for	O
EBLVs	O
in	O
the	O
Serotine	O
bat	B-ENZY
,	O
Eptesicus	B-SPEC
serotinus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Myotis	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
daubentonii	I-SPEC
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
dasycneme	I-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
,	O
purification	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
recombinant	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
non	O
-	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
1	O
.	O

The	O
mature	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
present	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
several	O
hours	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
co	O
-	O
localizes	O
to	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
replication	I-COMP
complex	I-COMP
,	O
but	O
its	O
function	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
life	I-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
remains	O
unknown	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
initiate	O
structural	O
and	O
biophysical	O
studies	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp1	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
recombinant	O
expression	B-PROC
system	O
and	O
a	O
purification	O
protocol	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
,	O
yielding	O
milligram	O
quantities	O
of	O
highly	O
purified	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp1	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Absence	O
of	O
surface	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
antigens	B-CHED
on	O
infected	O
cells	O
isolated	O
from	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
positive	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
present	O
in	O
pyogranulomas	O
and	O
exudates	B-ANAT
from	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
surface	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
was	O
detected	O
on	O
FIPV	O
positive	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
specifically	O
remove	O
the	O
GST	B-PRGE
tag	I-PRGE
in	O
a	O
new	O
fusion	B-DISO
protein	I-DISO
expression	B-PROC
system	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
synergistic	O
interaction	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
types	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
leads	O
to	O
marked	O
reduction	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
mRNAs	O
for	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

First	O
,	O
ATA	B-SPEC
blocks	O
the	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
extracellular	B-PRGE
signal	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
regulated	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
an	O
event	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
essential	O
for	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vaccine	O
efficacy	O
in	O
senescent	O
mice	B-SPEC
challenged	O
with	O
recombinant	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
bearing	O
epidemic	O
and	O
zoonotic	O
spike	O
variants	O
.	O

All	O
Dutch	O
isolates	O
were	O
identical	O
in	O
the	O
ORF4a	O
/	O
b	O
region	O
at	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
level	O
.	O

Remarkably	O
,	O
our	O
analyses	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
laboratory	O
adapted	O
,	O
prototype	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
has	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
ORF4a	O
/	O
b	O
region	O
,	O
whereas	O
all	O
clinical	O
isolates	O
carry	O
a	O
single	O
ORF	O
,	O
660	O
nt	O
in	O
size	O
,	O
encoding	O
a	O
single	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
219	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
homologue	O
of	O
the	O
ORF3	O
proteins	B-CHED
encoded	O
by	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
and	O
repeated	O
inhalation	B-PROC
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
by	O
3	O
-	O
methoxybutyl	O
chloroformate	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
:	O
CT	O
-	O
pathologic	O
correlation	O
.	O

The	O
CT	O
findings	O
include	O
an	O
irregular	O
lung	B-ANAT
surface	I-ANAT
,	O
areas	O
of	O
multifocal	O
,	O
wedge	O
-	O
shaped	O
increased	O
density	O
,	O
a	O
heterogeneous	O
lung	B-ANAT
density	O
,	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
dilatation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
axial	O
peribronchovascular	O
bundle	O
thickening	O
.	O

The	O
histopathology	O
examination	O
revealed	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
interstitial	B-ANAT
thickening	O
and	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
an	O
aggravation	O
of	O
the	O
mainstem	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
exudates	B-ANAT
and	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
rats	B-SPEC
exposed	O
to	O
lowest	O
concentration	O
,	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
parenchymal	O
density	O
and	O
pathologic	O
findings	O
rapidly	O
returned	O
to	O
normal	O
within	O
1	O
week	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
6	O
case	O
series	O
reporting	O
135	O
pediatric	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
80	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
,	O
27	O
probable	O
and	O
28	O
suspect	O
)	O
from	O
Canada	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
Taiwan	O
and	O
Singapore	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
patients	O
12	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
or	O
younger	O
had	O
milder	O
disease	O
and	O
were	O
less	O
likely	O
than	O
older	O
children	O
to	O
be	O
admitted	O
to	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
,	O
receive	O
supplemental	O
oxygen	B-CHED
or	O
be	O
treated	O
with	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
.	O

There	O
is	O
only	O
1	O
published	O
report	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
a	O
pediatric	O
patient	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
M	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
at	O
a	O
resolution	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
82	O
Angstroms	O
,	O
in	O
space	O
group	O
P2	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
at	O
pH	O
6	O
.	O
0	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Imported	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
in	O
adults	O
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
ten	O
cases	O
admitted	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
in	O
Casablanca	O
].	O

AV	O
-	O
ECLA	O
'	O
s	O
contribution	O
to	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
during	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
was	O
antagonized	O
by	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
shunt	O
fraction	O
.	O

We	O
further	O
characterized	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
179	O
-	O
residue	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
segments	O
of	O
residues	O
1	O
to	O
12	O
and	O
129	O
to	O
179	O
are	O
flexibly	O
disordered	O
.	O

The	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
Leu296	O
and	O
Leu298	O
are	O
required	O
for	O
efficient	O
nuclear	B-PROC
export	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Structural	O
information	O
indicated	O
that	O
both	O
of	O
these	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
are	O
available	O
for	O
interaction	O
with	O
protein	B-CHED
complexes	O
involved	O
in	O
this	O
process	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
export	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
from	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
/	O
nucleolus	B-COMP
was	O
not	O
inhibited	O
by	O
leptomycin	B-CHED
B	I-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
N	O
protein	O
nuclear	B-PROC
export	I-PROC
is	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
CRM1	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
export	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

Our	O
newly	O
developed	O
MAC	B-COMP
-	O
ELISA	O
system	O
offers	O
a	O
new	O
alternative	O
for	O
the	O
confirmation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

With	O
patients	O
with	O
minor	O
trauma	O
as	O
control	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
were	O
analyzed	O
according	O
to	O
injury	O
severity	O
score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
),	O
revised	O
trauma	O
score	O
(	O
RTS	B-DISO
),	O
acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluation	O
II	O
(	O
APACHE	O
II	O
),	O
trauma	O
and	O
injury	O
severity	O
score	O
(	O
TRISS	O
(	O
RTS	B-DISO
))	O
methods	O
for	O
trauma	O
and	O
outcome	O
study	O
of	O
probability	O
of	O
survival	O
(	O
Ps	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
evolved	O
a	O
myriad	O
of	O
strategies	O
for	O
promoting	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
survival	O
and	O
spread	O
.	O

Using	O
EM	O
techniques	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
these	O
putative	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
sites	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
characteristic	O
membrane	B-COMP
tubules	O
and	O
double	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
that	O
most	O
probably	O
originated	O
from	O
ER	O
cisternae	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
undertaken	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
snake	O
venom	O
(	O
ASV	O
)	O
administration	O
due	O
to	O
late	O
arrival	O
of	O
patient	O
at	O
hospital	O
and	O
subsequent	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
complications	O
.	O

The	O
bite	B-PROC
to	O
needle	O
time	O
(	O
time	O
between	O
the	O
bite	B-PROC
and	O
start	O
of	O
ASV	O
)	O
was	O
noted	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Malaria	B-PATH
is	O
the	O
tropical	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
most	O
commonly	O
imported	O
into	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
with	O
1500	O
-	O
2000	O
cases	O
reported	O
each	O
year	O
,	O
and	O
10	O
-	O
20	O
deaths	O
.	O

ALL	O
patients	O
treated	O
for	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
malaria	O
should	O
be	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
24	O
h	O
,	O
since	O
patients	O
can	O
deteriorate	O
suddenly	O
,	O
especially	O
early	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
treatment	O
.	O

They	O
may	O
require	O
haemodynamic	O
support	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
,	O
renal	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
/	O
failure	O
,	O
seizures	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	O
intercurrent	O
infections	B-DISO
including	O
gram	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
negative	I-DISO
bacteraemia	I-DISO
/	O
septicaemia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
treatment	O
of	O
choice	O
for	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
in	O
pregnancy	O
is	O
quinine	B-CHED
;	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
is	O
contraindicated	O
in	O
pregnancy	O
but	O
clindamycin	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
substituted	O
for	O
it	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
equally	O
effective	O
.	O

Doxycycline	B-CHED
plus	O
quinine	B-CHED
should	O
not	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
children	O
under	O
12	O
years	O
as	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
is	O
contraindicated	O
in	O
this	O
age	O
group	O
,	O
but	O
clindamycin	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
substituted	O
for	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
pyrimethamine	B-CHED
-	O
sulfadoxine	B-CHED
(	O
Fansidar	O
)	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
substitute	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
235	O
(	O
93	O
%)	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
having	O
influenza	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
(	O
primarily	O
H3N2	B-CHED
subtype	O
)	O
and	O
77	O
(	O
30	O
%)	O
had	O
radiological	O
evidence	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
and	O
after	O
adjusting	O
for	O
baseline	O
characteristics	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
lower	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
sputum	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
,	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
,	O
chest	O
pain	O
)	O
and	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
myalgia	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

The	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
receiver	O
operator	O
characteristic	O
curve	O
for	O
predicting	O
SARS	B-DISO
when	O
all	O
variables	O
except	O
radiological	O
change	O
were	O
considered	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
933	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
hospitalist	O
:	O
apocalypse	O
when	O
?	O

While	O
the	O
likelihood	O
of	O
such	O
a	O
prospect	O
is	O
uncertain	O
,	O
the	O
inevitability	O
of	O
future	O
pandemics	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
is	O
clear	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
alcohol	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
and	O
discusses	O
potential	O
new	O
treatments	O
suggested	O
by	O
recent	O
experimental	O
findings	O
.	O

They	O
are	O
relatively	O
inexpensive	O
and	O
easily	O
accessible	O
,	O
but	O
their	O
use	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
research	O
is	O
limited	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
develop	O
illness	O
following	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Fifteen	O
passages	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MA15	O
)	O
that	O
is	O
lethal	O
for	O
mice	B-SPEC
following	O
intranasal	O
inoculation	O
.	O

The	O
MA15	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
six	O
coding	O
mutations	O
associated	O
with	O
adaptation	B-PROC
and	O
increased	O
virulence	B-PROC
;	O
when	O
introduced	O
into	O
a	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
these	O
mutations	O
result	O
in	O
a	O
highly	O
virulent	O
and	O
lethal	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
rMA15	O
),	O
duplicating	O
the	O
phenotype	O
of	O
the	O
biologically	O
derived	O
MA15	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
four	O
HKU1	O
strains	O
were	O
genotype	O
A	O
and	O
six	O
genotype	O
B	O
.	O
In	O
HKU1	O
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
predominant	O
clinical	O
symptom	B-DISO
was	O
rhinorrhea	B-DISO
(	O
nine	O
patients	O
).	O

Biochemical	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
is	O
an	O
integral	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
that	O
is	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
)	O
membranes	B-ANAT
co	O
-	O
translationally	O
and	O
glycosylated	O
at	O
asparagine	B-CHED
-	O
2357	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
nsp3	O
-	O
TM	O
is	O
sufficient	O
in	O
mediating	O
ER	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
association	O
of	O
a	O
cytosolic	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Histoplasmosis	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
update	O
.	O

CSF	B-ANAT
IgG	B-PRGE
(	O
range	O
of	O
titers	O
,	O
1	O
:	O
32	O
to	O
1	O
:	O
4	O
,	O
096	O
)	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
12	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
6	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
neurologic	O
manifestation	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
4	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
not	O
involving	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
2	O
cats	O
with	O
brain	B-DISO
tumors	I-DISO
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
contamination	O
of	O
CSF	B-ANAT
resulted	O
in	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
333	O
erythrocytes	B-ANAT
/	O
microL	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
CSF	B-ANAT
IgG	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
mortality	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
from	O
other	O
causes	O
.	O

Mortality	O
was	O
24	O
%	O
at	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
and	O
at	O
1	O
year	O
.	O

We	O
tested	O
two	O
preventive	O
strategies	O
,	O
vaccination	O
and	O
passive	O
transfer	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
protection	O
achieved	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
challenge	O
in	O
this	O
model	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Yam	B-SPEC
bean	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
food	O
in	O
southern	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
a	O
54	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
,	O
had	O
difficulty	B-DISO
breathing	I-DISO
and	O
lost	B-CHED
consciousness	O
.	O

Yam	B-SPEC
bean	O
seed	O
poisoning	O
can	O
cause	O
acute	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
and	O
altered	B-DISO
mental	I-DISO
status	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
confused	B-DISO
with	O
acute	O
cyanide	B-CHED
intoxication	O
from	O
a	O
cyanogenic	B-CHED
glycoside	I-CHED
-	O
containing	O
plant	B-SPEC
.	O

Generation	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
restored	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
helical	O
pitch	O
resulted	O
in	O
increased	O
virus	B-SPEC
production	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
exhibited	O
decreased	O
virus	B-SPEC
release	B-PATH
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
detection	O
limit	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
100	O
copies	O
/	O
sample	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
assays	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Our	O
assays	O
demonstrated	O
high	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
sera	B-COMP
collected	O
from	O
patients	O
as	O
late	O
as	O
2	O
years	O
postonset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

The	O
Medical	O
Outcome	O
Study	O
Short	O
-	O
Form	O
36	O
Survey	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
all	O
HCWs	O
immediately	O
after	O
caring	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
4	O
weeks	O
after	O
self	O
-	O
quarantine	O
and	O
off	O
-	O
duty	O
shifts	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
core	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
fused	O
with	O
signal	O
peptide	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
p7	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
not	O
those	O
from	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
termini	O
of	O
E1	O
and	O
E2	O
,	O
could	O
be	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
by	O
SPP	B-PRGE
.	O

These	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
and	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
nebulized	O
in	O
separate	O
tests	O
and	O
injected	O
into	O
the	O
test	O
duct	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
test	O
facility	O
upstream	O
of	O
a	O
MERV	O
14	O
filter	O
.	O

The	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
extracted	O
at	O
much	O
lower	O
efficiencies	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
20	O
%).	O

Our	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
airborne	O
concentration	O
of	O
spore	O
-	O
forming	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
in	O
building	O
AHUs	O
may	O
be	O
determined	O
by	O
analyzing	O
the	O
material	O
collected	O
on	O
HVAC	O
filter	O
media	B-ANAT
,	O
however	O
culture	O
-	O
based	O
analytical	O
techniques	O
are	O
impractical	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
recovery	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
map	O
risk	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
an	O
urban	O
area	O
and	O
assess	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
traditional	O
interventions	O
to	O
control	O
dispersion	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

GraphDNA	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
Java	O
application	O
that	O
provides	O
a	O
simple	O
,	O
user	O
-	O
friendly	O
interface	O
for	O
the	O
visualization	O
of	O
DNA	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
composition	O
.	O

We	O
illustrate	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
DNA	O
skews	O
for	O
characterization	O
of	O
poxvirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genomes	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
GraphDNA	O
is	O
a	O
platform	O
-	O
independent	O
,	O
Open	O
Source	O
,	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
trends	O
in	O
DNA	O
sequences	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
characterized	O
the	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
amino	O
-	O
proximal	O
pp1a	B-PRGE
/	O
pp1ab	O
region	O
by	O
two	O
paralogous	O
PLpro	O
activities	O
.	O

Functional	O
and	O
evolutionary	O
implications	O
of	O
the	O
differential	O
amino	O
-	O
terminal	O
polyprotein	O
-	O
processing	O
pathways	B-PROC
among	O
the	O
main	O
CoV	O
lineages	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

The	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
so	O
far	O
learnt	O
and	O
the	O
continued	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
preventive	O
strategies	O
,	O
efficient	O
vaccines	O
,	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
substances	O
are	O
besides	O
worldwide	O
surveillance	O
decisive	O
to	O
rapidly	O
detect	O
the	O
repeated	O
,	O
enforced	O
,	O
or	O
new	O
appearance	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
like	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
-	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
of	O
new	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
to	O
contain	O
their	O
spread	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
defeat	O
them	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
induces	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

By	O
contrast	O
,	O
specimen	O
was	O
positive	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
sequencing	O
both	O
genes	O
(	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
and	O
fusion	O
)	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Most	O
panel	O
members	O
had	O
experience	O
with	O
research	O
into	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

Ten	O
of	O
40	O
studies	O
reviewed	O
were	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
conclusive	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
building	O
ventilation	O
and	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
airborne	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
investigate	O
immunogenicity	O
in	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)-	O
N	O
gene	O
recombinant	O
replication	O
-	O
defective	O
adenoviral	B-SPEC
vector	O
,	O
rAd	O
-	O
N	O
,	O
was	O
generated	O
and	O
immunized	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
pcDNA3	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
N	O
prime	O
-	O
rAd	O
-	O
N	O
boost	O
regimen	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
clinical	O
status	O
and	O
acute	O
phase	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
calves	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Lessons	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
].	O

International	O
collaboration	O
by	O
teams	O
of	O
epidemiologists	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
virologists	O
was	O
the	O
key	O
to	O
success	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
induces	O
an	O
atypical	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
high	O
lethality	O
rate	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
immunological	O
assays	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
were	O
developed	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
available	O
commercially	O
.	O

The	O
samples	O
from	O
normal	O
blood	B-ANAT
donors	O
were	O
also	O
tested	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
other	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Monoclonal	O
antibodies	O
(	O
mAbs	O
)	O
developed	O
for	O
either	O
the	O
prevention	O
or	O
treatment	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
represent	O
a	O
small	O
,	O
but	O
valuable	O
,	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
products	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
mAbs	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
specific	O
targets	O
and	O
utilize	O
various	O
anti	O
-	O
infective	O
modes	O
of	O
action	O
would	O
seem	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
well	O
suited	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
treatment	O
of	O
a	O
wider	O
variety	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
produced	O
a	O
scare	O
when	O
it	O
appeared	O
in	O
2003	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
later	O
quickly	O
spread	O
to	O
other	O
countries	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

It	O
makes	O
visible	O
how	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
China	O
eventually	O
complied	O
with	O
the	O
spirit	O
of	O
the	O
international	O
sanitation	O
regulations	O
but	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
commitment	O
to	O
improving	O
access	O
to	O
health	O
care	O
for	O
persons	O
living	O
with	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
reflects	O
a	O
failure	O
by	O
China	O
to	O
guarantee	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
adequate	O
health	O
care	O
.	O

In	O
all	O
cases	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
was	O
positive	O
for	O
Aspergillus	B-SPEC
fumigatus	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
another	O
viral	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
spike	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
played	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
stimulated	O
COX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
after	O
screening	O
all	O
genes	O
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
.	O

This	O
pathway	B-PROC
can	O
be	O
blocked	O
by	O
PKC	B-PRGE
epsilon	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
small	I-PRGE
interfering	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
,	O
PI3K	B-FUNC
/	O
JNK	B-FUNC
kinase	O
-	O
specific	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
as	O
well	O
as	O
dominant	B-PRGE
negative	I-PRGE
JNK	B-FUNC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
provide	O
evidence	O
that	O
helps	O
us	O
understand	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
SRAS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
study	O
indicates	O
that	O
bats	B-SPEC
harbor	O
a	O
much	O
wider	O
diversity	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
these	O
antigens	B-CHED
are	O
often	O
poorly	O
immunogenic	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
require	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
adjuvants	B-CHED
to	O
induce	O
adequate	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
-	O
capturing	O
nanospheres	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
loaded	O
gamma	O
-	O
PGA	B-DISO
nanoparticles	B-CHED
have	O
shown	O
unique	O
potential	O
as	O
vaccine	O
carriers	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
as	O
target	O
,	O
IBVs	O
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
/	O
restriction	O
fragment	O
length	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
/	O
RFLP	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
restriction	O
enzymes	O
AvaII	O
,	O
HphI	O
,	O
Sau96I	O
,	O
and	O
Tsp509I	O
and	O
cDNA	O
sequencing	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
a	O
bird	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
or	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
many	O
anticipated	O
high	O
fatality	O
rates	O
(	O
70	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
and	O
74	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
permanent	O
physical	O
damage	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
and	O
54	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
inadequate	O
vaccines	O
(	O
50	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
and	O
64	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
insufficient	O
medicine	B-CHED
supplies	O
(	O
43	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
54	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
inadequate	O
hospital	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
control	O
(	O
35	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
and	O
43	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
high	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
family	B-PRGE
members	I-PRGE
contracting	I-PRGE
H5N1	B-DISO
(	O
13	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
and	O
24	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
respectively	O
),	O
and	O
impact	O
on	O
oneself	O
/	O
family	B-SPEC
worse	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
21	O
.	O
2	O
and	O
25	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
respectively	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
How	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
effective	O
primary	O
health	O
care	O
in	O
fighting	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
the	O
experiences	O
of	O
two	O
cities	O
.	O

A	O
questionnaire	O
was	O
sent	O
to	O
family	B-SPEC
medicine	B-CHED
tutors	O
affiliated	O
with	O
either	O
the	O
Chinese	O
University	O
of	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
or	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Toronto	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Long	O
pentraxin	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
PTX3	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
discovered	O
acute	O
phase	O
protein	B-CHED
produced	O
at	O
the	O
sites	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
by	O
tissue	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

PTX3	B-PRGE
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
preventing	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
certain	O
fungi	B-SPEC
,	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

Nasal	B-DISO
discharge	B-ANAT
was	O
collected	O
from	O
24	O
patients	O
with	O
PVOD	B-DISO
.	O

Viral	O
serotypes	O
were	O
identified	O
to	O
be	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HRV	B-SPEC
)-	O
40	O
,	O
HRV	B-SPEC
-	O
75	O
,	O
HRV	B-SPEC
-	O
78	O
,	O
and	O
HRV	B-SPEC
-	O
80	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
patients	O
complained	O
of	O
anosmia	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
another	O
complained	O
of	O
dysosmia	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
10	O
patients	O
by	O
electrophoresis	O
.	O

Dual	O
infection	B-DISO
completely	O
killed	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
prevented	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
persistent	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Apoptosis	B-PATH
was	O
induced	O
easily	O
in	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
fermentans	I-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
primed	O
for	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

It	O
briefly	O
reviews	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
chiropteran	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
discusses	O
their	O
emergence	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
geography	O
,	O
phylogeny	O
,	O
and	O
ecology	O
.	O

Intrapulmonary	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
Caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
18	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
were	O
detected	O
by	O
semi	O
-	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
activation	O
,	O
and	O
overproduction	O
of	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
ALI	O
,	O
and	O
Caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
inhibition	B-PROC
is	O
effective	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
ALI	O
in	O
experimental	O
SAP	O
.	O

Caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
ameliorated	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
ALI	O
in	O
SAP	B-PRGE
.	O

A	O
similar	O
differential	O
effect	O
is	O
observed	O
in	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
in	O
type	B-ANAT
2	I-ANAT
pneumocytes	I-ANAT
although	O
TNFalpha	B-PRGE
is	O
not	O
induced	O
in	O
respiratory	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Preliminary	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
such	O
differential	O
signalling	B-PROC
involves	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAP	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
rather	O
than	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
.	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
macrophages	B-ANAT
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
strong	O
induction	O
of	O
chemokines	O
without	O
an	O
associated	O
type	O
1	O
interferon	O
response	O
.	O

Ottawa	O
family	B-SPEC
physicians	O
;	O
respondents	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
selected	O
sample	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
,	O
94	O
%	O
would	O
assist	O
in	O
immunization	O
clinics	O
,	O
84	O
%	O
in	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
clinics	O
,	O
58	O
%	O
in	O
assessment	O
centres	O
,	O
52	O
%	O
in	O
treatment	O
centres	O
,	O
41	O
%	O
with	O
declaration	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
26	O
%	O
with	O
home	O
care	O
,	O
and	O
23	O
%	O
with	O
telephone	O
counseling	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
best	O
way	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
measuring	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
precisely	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
precision	O
infrared	O
thermodetector	O
for	O
Medicine	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Computer	O
Aided	O
Detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
Based	O
on	O
Radiographs	O
Data	O
Mining	O
.	O

ROC	O
charts	O
and	O
confusion	B-DISO
matrix	O
by	O
all	O
three	O
methods	O
are	O
given	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
3a	O
Protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
Induces	O
Apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
Cells	B-COMP
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
novel	O
dual	O
priming	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
(	O
DPO	O
)	O
which	O
contains	O
two	O
separate	O
priming	O
regions	O
joined	O
by	O
a	O
polydeoxyinosine	O
linker	O
.	O

This	O
DPO	O
-	O
based	O
system	O
is	O
a	O
fundamental	O
tool	O
for	O
blocking	B-DISO
extension	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
specifically	O
primed	O
templates	O
,	O
and	O
thereby	O
generates	O
consistently	O
high	O
PCR	O
specificity	O
even	O
under	O
less	O
than	O
optimal	O
PCR	O
conditions	O
.	O

Towards	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
cloned	O
ferret	B-SPEC
cytokines	O
and	O
established	O
semi	O
-	O
quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

The	O
newly	O
developed	O
cytokine	O
assays	O
strengthen	O
and	O
expand	O
the	O
ferret	B-SPEC
model	O
not	O
only	O
for	O
Morbillivirus	B-SPEC
pathogenesis	B-DISO
studies	O
but	O
also	O
for	O
several	O
other	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
viruses	O
including	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Longitudinal	O
course	O
and	O
clinical	O
significance	O
of	O
TGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta1	I-PRGE
,	O
sL	O
-	O
and	O
sE	O
-	O
Selectins	O
and	O
sICAM	O
-	O
1	O
levels	O
during	O
severe	O
acute	O
stress	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

Patients	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
an	O
elevation	O
of	O
sE	O
-	O
Selectin	B-PROC
and	O
sICAM	O
-	O
1	O
levels	O
longitudinally	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
increasing	O
evidence	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
can	O
infect	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
bird	B-SPEC
other	O
than	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	O
coronavirus	O
NL63	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
global	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
pathogen	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
subtropical	O
area	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
known	O
.	O

Every	O
enrolled	O
child	O
had	O
a	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
(	O
NPA	B-CHED
)	O
sample	O
taken	O
.	O

The	O
odds	O
ratio	O
of	O
croup	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
infected	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
was	O
43	O
.	O
4	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
8	O
.	O
1	O
approximately	O
233	O
.	O
1	O
).	O

Antibody	B-COMP
prophylaxis	O
as	O
supplemental	O
measure	O
generally	O
allows	O
for	O
containment	O
of	O
higher	O
R	O
(	O
0	O
)	O
values	O
and	O
restricts	O
both	O
the	O
size	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
an	O
outbreak	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
We	O
developed	O
a	O
mathematical	O
model	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
hospital	O
admission	O
and	O
targeted	B-PROC
antibody	B-COMP
prophylaxis	O
on	O
the	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
R	O
,	O
defined	O
as	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
secondary	O
cases	O
generated	O
by	O
an	O
index	O
case	O
,	O
during	O
different	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
scenarios	O
.	O

The	O
second	O
series	O
describes	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
administering	O
30	O
mg	O
of	O
furosemide	B-CHED
intravenously	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
albumin	B-PRGE
in	O
15	O
patients	O
,	O
exploring	O
whether	O
this	O
would	O
produce	O
more	O
sustained	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
than	O
albumin	B-PRGE
only	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
2	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
mediastinal	B-ANAT
masses	O
who	O
developed	O
serious	O
complications	O
during	O
general	B-PROC
anesthesia	I-PROC
.	O

Existing	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
identified	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoirs	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
continues	O
to	O
represent	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
because	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
effective	O
specific	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Antiviral	B-CHED
efficacy	O
in	O
vivo	O
was	O
determined	O
by	O
evaluating	O
virus	B-SPEC
titres	O
in	O
CCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
dogs	B-SPEC
treated	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
1	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
indomethacin	B-CHED
(	O
INDO	O
).	O

Unexpectedly	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
INDO	O
has	O
a	O
potent	O
direct	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
CCoV	O
.	O
INDO	O
does	O
not	O
affect	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
binding	B-FUNC
or	O
entry	B-PROC
into	I-PROC
host	I-PROC
cells	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
acts	O
by	O
blocking	B-DISO
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
at	O
cytoprotective	O
doses	O
.	O

Altogether	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
show	O
that	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
M	O
protein	B-CHED
induces	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
through	O
the	O
modulation	O
of	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
Akt	O
pro	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
survival	I-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
and	O
mitochondrial	B-PRGE
cytochrome	B-PROC
c	I-PROC
release	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Managing	O
bioterrorism	O
mass	O
casualties	O
in	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
:	O
lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
a	O
rural	O
community	O
hospital	O
disaster	O
drill	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
univariate	O
analyses	O
,	O
daily	O
average	O
temperature	O
(	O
DAT	B-ENZY
),	O
daily	O
average	O
air	B-CHED
pressure	O
(	O
DAAP	O
),	O
and	O
daily	O
average	O
relative	O
humidity	O
(	O
DARH	O
)	O
were	O
inversely	O
associated	O
with	O
secondary	O
attack	O
rate	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
);	O
a	O
significant	O
positive	O
association	O
was	O
found	O
for	O
daily	O
hours	O
of	O
sunshine	O
(	O
DHS	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Viral	O
pathogens	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
97	O
samples	O
(	O
42	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
with	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
dual	O
infections	O
identified	O
;	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
17	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
children	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
9	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
parainfluenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
(	O
PIV3	O
)	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
type	O
A	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

Moreover	O
,	O
meningoencephalitis	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
two	O
patients	O
--	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
concurrently	O
with	O
symptoms	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
signs	I-DISO
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
while	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
one	O
-	O
3	O
weeks	O
after	O
the	O
symptoms	O
subsided	O
.	O

IgM	B-PRGE
disappeared	O
almost	O
500	O
days	O
(	O
91	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
.	O

When	O
N	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
and	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
were	O
tested	O
40	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
at	O
three	O
different	O
times	O
,	O
the	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
(	O
92	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
37	O
/	O
40	O
)	O
was	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
(	O
67	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
27	O
/	O
40	O
),	O
but	O
the	O
two	O
structure	O
protein	B-CHED
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
always	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
total	O
IgG	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Natural	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
determine	O
the	O
reactivity	O
of	O
cross	O
-	O
neutralization	O
between	O
palm	O
civet	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
two	O
captive	O
margays	B-SPEC
(	O
Leopardus	B-SPEC
wiedii	I-SPEC
).	O

Both	O
margays	B-SPEC
were	O
seropositive	O
for	O
feline	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
one	O
was	O
strongly	O
seropositive	O
to	O
T	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
gondii	I-SPEC
.	O

All	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
seronegative	O
for	O
D	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
immitis	I-SPEC
.	O

This	O
survey	O
provides	O
preliminary	O
information	O
about	O
feline	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
endemic	O
to	O
the	O
Petén	O
region	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
shielding	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
sensors	O
might	O
be	O
the	O
main	O
general	O
mechanism	O
for	O
coronaviruses	O
to	O
prevent	O
IFN	B-PRGE
induction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
--	O
retrospect	O
and	O
lessons	O
of	O
2004	O
outbreak	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Initial	O
two	O
cases	O
were	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
infected	O
in	O
Diarrhea	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
Laboratory	O
of	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Virology	O
,	O
China	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
and	O
main	O
mode	O
of	O
transmission	O
was	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
2004	O
has	O
yielded	O
following	O
lessons	O
for	O
public	O
health	O
globally	O
.	O

Platelet	B-PROC
aggregation	I-PROC
was	O
analyzed	O
by	O
an	O
aggregometer	O
using	O
laser	B-SPEC
light	O
(	O
PA	O
-	O
200	O
,	O
laser	B-SPEC
light	O
scattering	O
).	O

China	O
has	O
the	O
world	O
'	O
s	O
second	O
largest	O
tuberculosis	O
epidemic	O
,	O
but	O
progress	O
in	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
control	O
was	O
slow	O
during	O
the	O
1990s	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ultrastructural	O
study	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
infundibulum	B-ANAT
and	O
magnum	O
of	O
commercial	O
laying	O
hens	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
infundibulum	O
and	O
magnum	O
of	O
the	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
were	O
examined	O
in	O
hens	O
in	O
full	O
lay	O
which	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
two	O
Australian	O
strains	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

Virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
were	O
detected	O
mostly	O
in	O
the	O
rough	B-COMP
endoplasmic	I-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
RER	B-COMP
)	O
and	O
Golgi	B-COMP
complex	I-COMP
between	O
10	O
and	O
12	O
days	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

Eggs	O
with	O
watery	O
whites	B-SPEC
which	O
were	O
laid	O
by	O
infected	O
hens	O
could	O
be	O
attributed	O
to	O
cytopathological	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
granular	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
tubular	O
gland	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
magnum	O
resulting	O
in	O
reduced	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
albumen	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Exposure	O
of	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
maned	O
wolves	O
(	O
Chrysocyon	B-SPEC
brachyurus	I-SPEC
)	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
and	O
parasitic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
agents	O
in	O
the	O
Noël	O
Kempff	O
Mercado	O
National	O
Park	B-DISO
,	O
Bolivia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Maned	O
wolves	O
(	O
Chrysocyon	B-SPEC
brachyurus	I-SPEC
)	O
are	O
neotropic	O
mammals	B-SPEC
,	O
listed	O
as	O
a	O
CITES	O
Appendix	B-ANAT
II	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
a	O
distribution	O
south	O
of	O
the	O
Amazon	B-SPEC
forest	O
from	O
Bolivia	O
,	O
through	O
northern	O
Argentina	B-SPEC
and	O
Paraguay	O
and	O
into	O
eastern	O
Brazil	O
and	O
northern	O
Uruguay	O
.	O

The	O
company	O
may	O
initiate	O
phase	O
II	O
clinical	O
trials	O
in	O
breast	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
and	O
oesophageal	B-DISO
cancer	I-DISO
in	O
2006	O
.	O

In	O
April	O
2006	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
210	O
events	O
(	O
patient	O
deaths	B-PROC
)	O
was	O
reached	O
,	O
representing	O
two	O
-	O
thirds	O
of	O
the	O
required	O
events	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

Alfacell	O
completed	O
a	O
phase	O
III	O
trial	O
of	O
single	O
-	O
agent	O
ranpirnase	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
unresectable	O
malignant	B-DISO
mesothelioma	I-DISO
in	O
April	O
1999	O
.	O

In	O
preclinical	O
studies	O
,	O
ranpirnase	O
demonstrated	O
significant	O
activity	O
against	O
neuroblastoma	B-DISO
,	O
rhabdomyosarcoma	B-DISO
and	O
chemotherapy	O
-	O
resistant	O
variants	O
of	O
these	O
cancer	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

infusion	O
of	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
;	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
10	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
).	O

Lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
produced	O
systemic	O
hypotension	O
and	O
tachycardia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
is	O
not	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
are	O
an	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
have	O
the	O
continued	O
potential	O
for	O
emergence	O
from	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
notable	O
exception	O
is	O
the	O
receptor	O
utilization	O
by	O
group	O
3	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
including	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
,	O
whereas	O
both	O
transient	O
transfection	B-PROC
and	O
constitutive	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
fAPN	O
on	O
BHK	O
-	O
21	O
cells	B-COMP
can	O
rescue	O
FIPV	O
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
non	O
-	O
permissive	O
BHK	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
fAPN	O
expression	B-PROC
does	O
not	O
rescue	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
prototype	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
Mass41	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
show	O
that	O
BHK	O
-	O
21	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
slightly	O
susceptible	O
to	O
certain	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
including	O
Ark99	O
,	O
Ark_DPI	O
,	O
CA99	O
,	O
and	O
Iowa97	O
(<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
%	O
efficiency	O
),	O
but	O
this	O
level	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
increased	O
by	O
fAPN	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
many	O
other	O
novel	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
,	O
which	O
belong	O
to	O
groups	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
existing	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
groups	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
detected	O
by	O
PCR	O
.	O

Toronto	O
HCWs	O
reported	O
significantly	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
burnout	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
019	O
),	O
psychological	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
posttraumatic	O
stress	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

It	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
never	O
recognized	O
or	O
characterized	O
before	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
will	O
provide	O
first	O
-	O
hand	O
information	O
,	O
particularly	O
from	O
Guangdong	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
about	O
the	O
initial	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
aetiological	O
agent	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
the	O
molecular	O
evolution	B-PROC
study	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
finding	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
horseshoe	B-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
mechanistic	O
analysis	O
for	O
the	O
cross	O
-	O
host	O
tropism	B-PROC
transition	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
aimed	O
to	O
appreciate	O
the	O
concerted	O
and	O
coordinated	O
global	O
response	O
that	O
controlled	O
SARS	B-DISO
within	O
a	O
short	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
research	O
strategy	O
and	O
methodology	O
developed	O
along	O
with	O
this	O
process	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
other	O
public	O
health	O
challenges	O
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
future	O
emerging	O
/	O
re	O
-	O
merging	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
phenotype	O
were	O
readily	O
recovered	O
with	O
the	O
K	O
or	O
A	O
substitutions	O
.	O

An	O
additional	O
second	O
-	O
site	O
compensatory	O
V202I	O
substitution	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
some	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
potential	O
of	O
Myt1	B-PRGE
to	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
OP	O
responses	O
leading	O
to	O
remyelination	B-PROC
was	O
examined	O
using	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
to	O
induce	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
demyelination	B-DISO
and	O
potential	O
relevance	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
pathology	B-DISO
was	O
evaluated	O
in	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
(	O
MS	O
)	O
lesions	O
.	O

Cells	B-COMP
with	O
nuclear	O
Myt1	O
immunoreactivity	B-PROC
were	O
mainly	O
OP	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
identified	O
by	O
co	O
-	O
localization	B-PROC
with	O
platelet	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
derived	I-FUNC
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-FUNC
alpha	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
with	O
additional	O
phenotypes	O
being	O
either	O
oligodendrocytes	O
or	O
neural	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
identified	O
by	O
CC1	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
and	O
Musashi1	B-PRGE
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Although	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
there	O
is	O
little	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
about	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
efficient	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
S	O
from	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
spike	O
gene	O
in	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
required	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
improved	O
plasmid	O
vectors	O
containing	O
donor	B-CHED
and	O
acceptor	B-CHED
splice	O
sites	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
heterologous	O
viral	O
RNA	O
export	O
elements	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
CTE	B-DISO
of	O
Mazon	O
-	O
Pfizer	O
monkey	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
the	O
PRE	O
of	O
Woodchuck	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
WPRE	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Successful	O
treatment	O
of	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
melioidosis	B-DISO
with	O
activated	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
and	O
meropenem	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Further	O
analysis	O
and	O
study	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
visualized	O
method	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
RNA	O
sequences	O
].	O

During	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
ED	O
visits	O
declined	O
by	O
21	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
18	O
%-	O
24	O
%)	O
over	O
the	O
4	O
-	O
week	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

In	O
2004	O
,	O
the	O
year	O
following	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
visit	O
patterns	O
shifted	O
toward	O
baseline	O
levels	O
,	O
but	O
ED	O
visits	O
by	O
infants	O
and	O
toddlers	O
remained	O
depressed	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
ED	O
visits	O
declined	O
by	O
21	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
18	O
%-	O
24	O
%)	O
over	O
the	O
4	O
-	O
week	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Strong	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
heated	O
and	O
hydrated	O
dolomite	O
--	O
preliminary	O
investigation	O
.	O

This	O
research	O
may	O
facilitate	O
those	O
healthcare	O
services	O
planning	O
to	O
minimise	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
on	O
patient	O
care	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serum	B-ANAT
alpha1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
AGP	B-PRGE
)	O
concentration	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
symptomatic	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
possess	B-DISO
large	O
RNA	O
genomes	O
and	O
exist	O
as	O
quasispecies	O
,	O
which	O
increases	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
adaptive	O
mutations	O
and	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
accessory	O
protein	B-CHED
6	O
is	O
a	O
virion	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
is	O
released	O
from	O
6	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
expressing	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
of	O
antisense	O
morpholino	O
oligomers	O
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
models	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
used	O
several	O
strains	O
of	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
models	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
characteristics	O
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
conjugated	O
antisense	O
phosphorodiamidate	O
morpholino	O
oligomers	O
(	O
P	O
-	O
PMOs	O
).	O

This	O
status	O
changed	O
dramatically	O
with	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
2002	O
/	O
2003	O
.	O

The	O
4	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
cause	O
mild	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
are	O
involved	O
in	O
10	O
-	O
20	O
%	O
of	O
hospitalizations	O
of	O
young	O
children	O
and	O
immunocompromised	O
adults	O
with	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illness	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fragments	O
within	O
S1	O
genes	O
((	O
poly100	O
)	O
S1	O
)	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
strains	O
ZJ971	O
,	O
M41	O
and	O
SC021202	O
(	O
SC	O
)	O
were	O
subcloned	O
into	O
a	O
prokaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
last	O
indication	O
is	O
generally	O
more	O
applicable	O
in	O
children	O
than	O
adults	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
response	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
seen	O
across	O
age	O
groups	O
.	O

ECMO	O
has	O
a	O
role	O
as	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
who	O
would	O
otherwise	O
die	O
of	O
either	O
hypoxaemia	O
or	O
inadequate	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
.	O

Avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
emerging	O
virus	B-SPEC
usually	O
contracted	O
from	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
diseased	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Pregnant	O
women	O
should	O
be	O
treated	O
aggressively	O
with	O
supportive	O
care	O
and	O
antiviral	O
medications	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
significant	O
risk	O
of	O
maternal	O
mortality	O
outweighs	O
the	O
potential	O
fetal	B-ANAT
risks	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
CBAs	O
qualify	O
as	O
potential	O
microbicide	B-CHED
drugs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Angiogenesis	B-PROC
in	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
has	O
long	O
been	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
pulmonary	O
dysfunction	O
and	O
multisystem	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
analysis	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
rays	B-SPEC
were	O
performed	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
at	O
admission	O
and	O
at	O
intervals	O
,	O
when	O
clinically	O
indicated	O
.	O

On	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
other	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
were	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
mortality	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
mean	O
age	O
was	O
42	O
.	O
9	O
+/-	O
15	O
.	O
9	O
years	O
(	O
range	O
:	O
18	O
-	O
80	O
years	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
etiology	O
of	O
the	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
was	O
gallstones	B-DISO
in	O
29	O
patients	O
,	O
alcohol	O
in	O
22	O
patients	O
while	O
no	O
cause	O
could	O
be	O
ascertained	O
in	O
9	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
hypoxemic	O
at	O
presentation	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
public	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
adopt	O
self	O
-	O
protective	O
behaviors	B-PROC
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
wearing	O
face	B-DISO
mask	O
in	O
public	O
venues	O
(	O
73	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
increasing	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
handwashing	O
(	O
86	O
.	O
7	O
%))	O
and	O
behaviors	B-PROC
that	O
protect	O
others	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
wearing	O
face	B-DISO
masks	O
when	O
experiencing	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
ILI	O
,	O
92	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
immediately	O
seeking	O
medical	O
consultation	O
(	O
94	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
making	O
declarations	O
when	O
crossing	O
the	O
border	B-ANAT
with	O
ILI	O
(	O
87	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
complying	O
to	O
quarantine	O
policies	O
(	O
88	O
.	O
3	O
%)).	O

Multivariate	O
analyses	O
indicated	O
that	O
factors	O
related	O
to	O
age	O
,	O
full	O
-	O
time	O
employment	O
,	O
perceived	O
susceptibility	O
,	O
perceived	O
efficacy	O
of	O
preventive	O
measures	O
,	O
perceived	O
higher	O
fatality	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
perceived	O
chance	O
of	O
a	O
major	O
local	O
outbreak	O
,	O
and	O
being	O
worried	O
about	O
self	O
/	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
contracting	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
inclination	O
to	O
adopt	O
self	O
-	O
protective	O
measures	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
H5N1	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
the	O
public	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
adopt	O
preventive	O
measures	O
that	O
may	O
help	O
contain	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
community	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
positive	O
strand	O
RNA	O
coronavirus	O
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
induces	O
a	O
G2	O
/	O
M	B-PROC
phase	I-PROC
arrest	I-PROC
and	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
G1	O
and	O
G1	O
/	O
S	B-PROC
phase	I-PROC
transition	B-DISO
regulator	O
cyclin	B-PRGE
D1	I-PRGE
.	O

Confocal	O
microscopy	O
revealed	O
that	O
cyclin	B-PRGE
D1	I-PRGE
decreased	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
as	O
infection	B-DISO
progressed	O
and	O
inhibition	B-PROC
studies	O
indicated	O
that	O
a	O
population	O
of	O
cyclin	B-PRGE
D1	I-PRGE
could	O
be	O
targeted	B-PROC
for	O
degradation	O
by	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
mediated	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
emergent	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
,	O
which	O
requires	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
effective	O
therapy	O
.	O

Among	O
antibody	B-COMP
sources	O
,	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
Y	I-PRGE
(	O
IgY	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
major	O
antibody	B-COMP
found	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
normally	O
used	O
in	O
research	O
and	O
immunotherapy	O
.	O

Truncated	O
fragments	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
were	O
cloned	O
in	O
pET	O
-	O
21	O
vector	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
BL	O
-	O
21	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
(	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
)	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

A	O
phage	O
displaying	O
scFv	O
library	O
was	O
also	O
established	O
from	O
spleen	B-ANAT
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
immunized	O
chicken	B-SPEC
with	O
5	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
7	O
)	O
clones	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Over	O
the	O
last	O
century	O
,	O
changes	O
in	O
land	B-COMP
-	O
use	O
,	O
modification	O
of	O
agriculture	O
-	O
livestock	O
production	O
systems	O
,	O
disruption	O
of	O
wildlife	O
habitats	O
,	O
increase	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
activities	O
,	O
higher	O
frequency	O
of	O
international	O
and	O
intercontinental	O
travels	O
,	O
wider	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
products	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
alter	O
the	O
distribution	O
,	O
presence	O
and	O
density	O
of	O
hosts	B-COMP
and	O
vectors	O
.	O

Some	O
infectious	B-DISO
pathogens	O
,	O
originated	O
in	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
/	O
or	O
maintained	O
in	O
sylvatic	O
environments	O
,	O
have	O
become	O
increasingly	O
important	O
worldwide	O
for	O
their	O
impact	O
on	O
wildlife	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
,	O
livestock	O
and	O
agricultural	O
production	O
systems	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
found	O
the	O
noise	O
levels	O
reached	O
98	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
107	O
.	O
5	O
dB	O
in	O
power	O
generator	O
rooms	O
and	O
air	O
-	O
conditioning	O
facilities	O
,	O
and	O
suggests	O
employees	O
use	O
ear	B-ANAT
plugs	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
cancer	B-DISO
utility	O
of	O
suppressing	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
in	O
cancer	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
is	O
limited	O
.	O

Comparisons	O
of	O
the	O
enteric	O
(	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
)	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
enteric	O
(	O
liver	B-ANAT
)	O
derived	O
viral	O
RNA	O
sequences	O
revealed	O
100	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
,	O
a	O
finding	O
that	O
questions	O
the	O
well	O
accepted	O
'	O
internal	O
mutation	O
theory	O
'	O
of	O
FIPV	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

Intracerebral	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
results	O
in	O
an	O
acute	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
followed	O
by	O
an	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
commercial	O
turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O

Rutamarin	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
showed	O
significant	O
inhibitory	O
activities	O
against	O
A	O
-	O
549	O
,	O
Bel	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
7402	I-PRGE
,	O
HepG	O
-	O
2	O
and	O
HCT	O
-	O
8	O
tumour	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
lines	O
with	O
IC50s	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
318	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
082	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
306	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
497	O
microg	O
/	O
ml	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Why	O
did	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
occur	O
in	O
some	O
hospital	O
wards	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
others	O
?	O

Relevant	O
information	O
about	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
was	O
abstracted	O
from	O
the	O
medical	O
records	O
.	O

The	O
lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
this	O
study	O
remain	O
very	O
important	O
and	O
highly	O
relevant	O
to	O
the	O
daily	O
operation	O
of	O
hospital	O
wards	O
if	O
we	O
are	O
to	O
prevent	O
nosocomial	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
other	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
migrated	O
at	O
48	O
kDa	O
and	O
reacted	O
with	O
six	O
histidine	B-PRGE
tag	B-DISO
specific	I-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
by	O
immunoblotting	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
is	O
to	O
establish	O
permanent	O
communication	O
between	O
European	O
Union	O
(	O
EU	O
)	O
Member	O
States	O
'	O
public	O
health	O
authorities	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
determining	O
the	O
measures	O
required	O
to	O
control	O
communicable	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
events	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Progressive	O
immune	O
-	O
associated	O
injury	O
is	O
a	O
hallmark	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Here	O
we	O
review	O
recent	O
advances	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
immunopathogenesis	O
research	O
and	O
present	O
a	O
summary	O
of	O
our	O
findings	O
regarding	O
host	O
responses	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
sequential	O
determination	O
of	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
domain	I-PRGE
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
in	O
complex	O
with	O
its	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
or	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
opened	O
a	O
door	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
competitive	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
in	O
newborns	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Diagnosis	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
2	O
-	O
D	O
echocardiogram	O
visualization	O
with	O
right	O
to	O
left	O
shunt	O
through	O
the	O
foramen	B-ANAT
ovale	I-ANAT
or	O
patent	B-DISO
ductus	B-ANAT
arteriosus	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
earliest	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
was	O
within	O
ten	O
minutes	O
.	O

Meconium	B-DISO
aspiration	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
underlying	O
cause	O
of	O
PPHN	O
.	O

Sixteen	O
ventilated	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FIO	O
(	O
2	O
)<	O
150	O
mmHg	O
)	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
contusions	O
.	O

The	O
surfactant	B-CHED
group	O
demonstrated	O
an	O
acute	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
after	O
surfactant	B-CHED
replacement	O
compared	O
both	O
to	O
control	O
group	O
and	O
to	O
baseline	O
values	O
.	O

The	O
surfactant	B-CHED
group	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
higher	O
response	O
to	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
than	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
at	O
6	O
h	O
.	O
The	O
mean	O
duration	O
of	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
was	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
+/-	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
days	O
in	O
the	O
surfactant	B-CHED
group	O
and	O
8	O
.	O
1	O
+/-	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
days	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
4month	O
old	O
female	O
infant	O
,	O
who	O
obviously	O
suffered	O
from	O
a	O
respiratory	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
during	O
bottle	O
-	O
feed	O
ing	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
use	O
of	O
terlipressin	O
in	O
catecholamine	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
shock	O
improves	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
pressure	O
in	O
severe	O
traumatic	O
brain	O
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Maintaining	O
adequate	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
pressure	O
is	O
an	O
essential	O
aspect	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

A	O
14	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
patient	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
room	O
after	O
a	O
motorcycle	O
accident	O
.	O

Our	O
previous	O
studies	O
using	O
nuclear	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
revealed	O
the	O
domain	O
organization	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Residues	O
248	O
-	O
280	O
form	O
a	O
positively	O
charged	O
groove	B-ANAT
similar	O
to	O
that	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Both	O
episodes	O
were	O
successfully	O
treated	O
with	O
steroid	B-CHED
pulse	B-PROC
therapy	O
.	O

Metastases	B-DISO
regressed	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
episode	O
and	O
were	O
stable	O
during	O
these	O
lung	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
he	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
tumor	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
6	O
months	O
after	O
RIST	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
At	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
20th	O
century	O
,	O
observations	O
of	O
apoplectic	O
adrenal	O
glands	O
in	O
fatal	O
meningococcemia	B-DISO
underlined	O
their	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
host	B-PROC
defence	I-PROC
against	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Corticosteroids	B-CHED
were	O
introduced	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
as	O
early	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
1940s	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
is	O
appropriate	O
only	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
for	O
which	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
has	O
proven	O
clinical	O
efficacy	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
a	O
clinical	O
trial	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
level	O
of	O
the	O
FIPV	B-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
feline	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
fAPN	O
),	O
was	O
increased	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mediterranean	B-DISO
spotted	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
rickettsiosis	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
Rickettsia	B-SPEC
conorii	I-SPEC
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
detection	O
rates	O
in	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
highest	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
9	O
days	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
whereas	O
detection	O
was	O
highest	O
in	O
throat	B-ANAT
washes	O
5	O
-	O
14	O
days	O
after	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
an	O
extensive	O
outbreak	O
with	O
major	O
pressure	O
on	O
hospital	O
resources	O
,	O
patient	O
self	O
-	O
collected	O
samples	O
are	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
for	O
laboratory	O
confirmation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
highly	O
complex	O
,	O
with	O
multiple	O
factors	O
leading	O
to	O
severe	O
injury	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
dissemination	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
several	O
other	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

Several	O
organs	B-ANAT
/	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
may	O
be	O
infected	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
,	O
including	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
intestines	B-ANAT
,	O
tubular	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
,	O
neurons	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
certain	O
organs	B-ANAT
may	O
suffer	B-DISO
from	O
indirect	O
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
hepatitis	B-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
nsp10	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
critical	O
regulator	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
nsp10	O
is	O
a	O
critical	O
regulator	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
may	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
polyprotein	O
processing	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
identify	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
products	I-PRGE
and	O
characterize	O
two	O
viral	B-PRGE
papain	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
(	O
PLPs	O
),	O
PLP1	B-PRGE
and	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
process	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
polyprotein	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
By	O
using	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
overlapping	O
synthetic	O
peptides	B-CHED
covering	O
98	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
NP	O
)	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
four	O
helper	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
(	O
Th	O
)	O
epitopes	O
(	O
NP11	O
,	O
residues	O
11	O
to	O
25	O
;	O
NP51	O
,	O
residues	O
51	O
to	O
65	O
;	O
NP61	O
,	O
residues	O
61	O
to	O
75	O
;	O
and	O
NP111	O
,	O
residues	O
111	O
to	O
125	O
)	O
in	O
C57BL	O
mice	B-SPEC
(	O
H	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
b	O
)),	O
four	O
(	O
NP21	O
,	O
residues	O
21	O
to	O
35	O
;	O
NP91	O
,	O
residues	O
91	O
to	O
105	O
;	O
NP331	O
,	O
residues	O
331	O
to	O
345	O
;	O
and	O
NP351	O
,	O
residues	O
351	O
to	O
365	O
)	O
in	O
C3H	O
mice	B-SPEC
(	O
H	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
k	O
)),	O
and	O
two	O
(	O
NP81	O
,	O
residues	O
81	O
to	O
95	O
;	O
and	O
NP351	O
,	O
residues	O
351	O
to	O
365	O
)	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
(	O
H	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
d	O
))	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
.	O

When	O
fused	O
with	O
a	O
conserved	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	B-CHED
(	O
SP1143	O
-	O
1157	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
NP111	O
and	O
NP351	O
assisted	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
titer	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
a	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
and	O
novel	O
Alexa488	O
-	O
QSY7	O
FRET	O
-	O
based	O
peptide	B-CHED
substrate	O
designed	O
for	O
routine	O
analysis	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
screening	O
,	O
and	O
show	O
that	O
kinetic	O
constants	O
determined	O
from	O
FRET	O
-	O
based	O
assays	O
that	O
are	O
uncorrected	O
for	O
inner	O
-	O
filter	O
effects	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
artifacts	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
ORF1ab	O
proteins	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
determined	O
as	O
much	O
by	O
issues	O
of	O
host	O
range	O
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
as	O
they	O
are	O
by	O
specific	O
requirements	O
for	O
intracellular	B-COMP
replication	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serological	O
prevalence	O
of	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
southern	O
Italy	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
relationship	O
with	O
canine	O
enteric	O
coronavirus	O
.	O

Of	O
adult	O
domestic	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
23	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
had	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CRCoV	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
86	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
with	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CECoV	O
.	O
Amongst	O
a	O
population	O
of	O
kenneled	O
pups	O
,	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
had	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CRCoV	O
,	O
and	O
97	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
had	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CECoV	O
.	O

Stigmatization	O
of	O
and	O
discrimination	O
against	O
the	O
chronically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
sense	B-PROC
of	O
searching	O
coping	O
strategy	O
during	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
further	O
motivated	O
their	O
practice	O
.	O

Immunohistochemical	O
examination	O
revealed	O
that	O
AE2	O
cells	B-COMP
as	O
well	O
as	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
were	O
deleted	O
via	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
the	O
mice	O
treated	O
with	O
DT	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
play	O
a	O
protective	O
role	O
in	O
noninflammatory	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
selective	O
ablation	O
of	O
AE2	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

If	O
>	O
4	O
cm	O
(	O
giant	B-DISO
hemangioma	I-DISO
),	O
it	O
could	O
present	O
symptoms	O
related	O
to	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
,	O
consumptive	B-DISO
coagulopathy	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
adjacent	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
organ	I-ANAT
compression	O
.	O

She	O
died	B-PROC
6	O
months	O
later	O
from	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
and	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
coma	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
perception	O
is	O
an	O
improvement	O
from	O
that	O
described	O
in	O
an	O
earlier	O
study	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
more	O
than	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
concerned	O
about	O
contracting	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
during	O
dental	O
treatment	O
and	O
perceived	O
that	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
undertaken	O
by	O
the	O
dental	O
profession	O
to	O
prevent	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
were	O
not	O
satisfactory	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Less	O
than	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
(	O
30	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
463	O
respondents	O
said	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
afraid	O
of	O
contracting	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
their	O
dentists	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
avoid	O
dental	O
treatment	O
for	O
that	O
reason	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
issue	O
for	O
treatment	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
proteome	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
promonocyte	B-ANAT
HL	O
-	O
CZ	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
was	O
performed	O
using	O
2	O
-	O
DE	O
and	O
nanoscale	O
capillary	B-ANAT
LC	O
/	O
ESI	O
quadrupole	O
-	O
TOF	B-DISO
MS	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
provides	O
system	O
-	O
level	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
with	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
will	O
be	O
helpful	O
in	O
elucidating	O
the	O
molecular	O
basis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
increases	O
in	O
BCoV	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
were	O
confirmed	O
in	O
all	O
pups	O
in	O
the	O
challenged	O
and	O
control	O
groups	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
no	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
such	O
as	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
.	O

The	O
serum	B-PRGE
collectin	I-PRGE
,	O
mannan	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
lectin	I-PRGE
(	O
MBL	B-PRGE
),	O
exhibited	O
no	O
detectable	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
purified	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
When	O
public	O
health	O
decisionmakers	O
turned	O
to	O
quarantine	O
during	O
the	O
recent	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
,	O
difficult	O
questions	O
were	O
raised	O
about	O
the	O
legitimacy	O
and	O
acceptability	O
of	O
restrictive	O
measures	O
to	O
attain	O
public	O
health	O
goals	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Due	O
to	O
the	O
exponential	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
international	O
exchange	O
,	O
millions	O
of	O
travelers	O
are	O
exposed	O
to	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
in	O
the	O
tropics	O
and	O
may	O
return	O
ill	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
Schistosoma	B-SPEC
hematobium	O
,	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
mansoni	I-SPEC
and	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
japonicum	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Studies	O
are	O
in	O
progress	O
to	O
develop	O
vaccines	O
against	O
amoebiasis	B-PATH
,	O
malaria	B-PATH
and	O
hookworm	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
unreamed	O
intramedullary	O
nailing	O
of	O
femoral	B-ANAT
fractures	O
is	O
safe	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
thoracic	B-ANAT
trauma	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
timing	O
of	O
fixation	O
of	O
femoral	B-ANAT
fractures	O
in	O
multiply	O
injured	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
thoracic	B-DISO
trauma	O
is	O
discussed	O
controversially	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Both	O
cohorts	O
were	O
comparable	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
demographic	O
data	O
,	O
ISS	B-DISO
,	O
AIS	B-DISO
score	O
in	O
the	O
thoracic	B-ANAT
region	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
incidence	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Rates	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
MOFS	O
,	O
and	O
mortality	O
were	O
not	O
negatively	O
influenced	O
by	O
early	O
unreamed	O
IMN	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Early	O
unreamed	O
IMN	O
of	O
femoral	B-ANAT
fractures	O
in	O
multiply	O
injured	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
thoracic	B-DISO
trauma	O
is	O
a	O
safe	O
procedure	O
and	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
justified	O
to	O
achieve	O
early	O
definitive	O
care	O
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
S100A12	B-PRGE
and	O
the	O
proinflammatory	O
receptor	O
for	O
advanced	O
glycation	O
end	O
products	O
(	O
RAGE	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Informative	O
papers	O
emerged	O
this	O
past	O
year	O
concerning	O
collateral	B-ANAT
damage	O
to	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
in	O
extrahepatic	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
diabetic	O
lesions	O
and	O
causes	O
of	O
liver	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
after	O
transplantation	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
topics	O
.	O

New	O
vaccines	O
would	O
ideally	O
be	O
:	O
genetically	O
stable	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
maintain	O
a	O
stable	O
attenuated	O
phenotype	O
);	O
administered	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
;	O
and	O
be	O
flexible	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
provide	O
further	O
evidence	O
to	O
warrant	O
clinical	O
studies	O
of	O
this	O
antibody	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
treatment	O
with	O
arteriovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
in	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
can	O
reduce	O
mortality	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

However	O
,	O
many	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
remain	O
hypoxemic	O
and	O
more	O
aggressive	B-DISO
ventilation	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
maintain	O
sufficient	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
.	O

High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
form	O
of	O
ventilation	O
that	O
may	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
while	O
limiting	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
further	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
by	O
using	O
extremely	O
small	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
(	O
VT	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cell	B-ANAT
cycle	I-PROC
dependent	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
localization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
result	O
was	O
reinforced	O
when	O
FRAP	B-PRGE
and	O
FLIP	B-PRGE
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
more	O
mobile	O
within	O
the	O
nucleoplasm	B-COMP
and	O
nucleolus	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
G2	O
/	O
M	B-PROC
phase	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
cell	B-PATH
cycle	I-PATH
.	O

Rejection	O
did	O
not	O
precede	O
any	O
case	O
of	O
post	O
-	O
transplant	B-ANAT
blastomycosis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
overall	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
36	O
%;	O
however	O
,	O
this	O
increased	O
to	O
67	O
%	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
unique	O
collection	O
of	O
33	O
plant	B-SPEC
lectins	O
with	O
different	O
specificities	O
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
7a	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
other	O
known	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
can	O
induce	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
various	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
fractionation	O
experiments	O
showed	O
that	O
7a	O
colocalized	O
with	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
XL	I-PRGE
at	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
they	O
may	O
form	O
complexes	O
in	O
different	O
membranous	B-ANAT
compartments	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
genes	O
of	O
the	O
isolates	O
were	O
quite	O
different	O
(	O
1	O
,	O
617	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
620	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
623	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
629	O
,	O
and	O
1	O
,	O
632	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

The	O
variation	O
in	O
S1	O
genes	O
might	O
affect	O
the	O
antigenicity	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
assess	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
diagnostic	O
predictors	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	O
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
outcome	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

This	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
describes	O
all	O
patients	O
from	O
the	O
Amoy	O
Garden	O
complex	O
who	O
presented	O
to	O
an	O
ED	O
SARS	B-DISO
screening	O
clinic	O
during	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
month	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Associations	O
of	O
key	O
predictors	O
with	O
the	O
final	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
described	O
.	O

Emergency	B-DISO
physicians	O
should	O
consider	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
x	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
findings	O
,	O
the	O
absolute	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
and	O
the	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
as	O
significant	O
modifiers	O
of	O
disease	O
likelihood	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
partial	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
of	O
Korean	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
,	O
including	O
epitope	B-CHED
region	O
that	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
inducing	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
were	O
determined	O
.	O

The	O
partial	O
S	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
genes	O
were	O
amplified	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
cloned	O
,	O
sequenced	O
,	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
with	O
reference	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
G1	O
Korean	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
didn	O
'	O
t	O
had	O
several	O
specific	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
which	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
G2	O
and	O
G3	O
Korean	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
,	O
and	O
especially	O
the	O
G1	O
-	O
1	O
Korean	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
had	O
specific	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
which	O
were	O
not	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
G1	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
G1	O
-	O
3	O
,	O
G2	O
,	O
and	O
G3	O
Korean	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
.	O

After	O
confirmed	O
by	O
the	O
restriction	O
endonuclease	O
analysis	O
and	O
PCR	O
amplification	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
positive	O
clone	O
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
sequenced	O
and	O
then	O
was	O
transferred	O
into	O
eukaryotic	O
expressing	O
vector	O
pVAXI	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
plasmid	O
pVAX1	O
-	O
S1	O
was	O
transfected	O
into	O
COS	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
7	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

6	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
SL7207	O
(	O
pVAX1	O
-	O
S1	O
)	O
at	O
dosage	O
of	O
5	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
8	O
)	O
CFU	O
,	O
1	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
CFU	O
and	O
2	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
CFU	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
SL7207	O
(	O
pVAX1	O
-	O
S1	O
)	O
was	O
safe	O
for	O
mice	B-SPEC
after	O
oral	B-ANAT
immunization	O
at	O
dosage	O
of	O
2	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
CFU	O
or	O
below	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
SL7207	O
(	O
pVAX1	O
-	O
S1	O
)	O
could	O
induce	O
significant	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
compared	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
or	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
at	O
2	O
w	O
post	O
-	O
boosting	O
and	O
2	O
w	O
post	O
-	O
three	O
immunization	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
paper	O
is	O
to	O
present	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
report	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
Down	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
DS	O
)	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
fulminant	O
NMO	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
severe	O
destruction	O
of	O
medulla	B-ANAT
and	O
cervical	B-ANAT
cord	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
very	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
optic	B-ANAT
nerves	I-ANAT
was	O
typical	O
of	O
monophasic	O
NMO	B-CHED
(	O
Devic	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
).	O

Alveolar	B-ANAT
ventilation	O
is	O
improved	O
by	O
adding	O
tracheal	O
gas	B-ENZY
insufflation	O
(	O
TGI	O
)	O
to	O
CMV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clinical	O
trial	O
designs	O
that	O
randomize	O
patients	O
to	O
fixed	B-ANAT
treatment	O
regimens	O
may	O
disrupt	O
preexisting	O
relationships	O
between	O
illness	O
severity	O
and	O
level	O
of	O
therapy	O
.	O

To	O
illustrate	O
this	O
problem	O
,	O
the	O
Transfusion	O
Requirements	O
in	O
Critical	O
Care	O
(	O
TRICC	O
)	O
trial	O
and	O
the	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Network	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
ARMA	B-SPEC
)	O
trial	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Upper	B-ANAT
gastrointestinal	I-ANAT
endoscopy	O
showed	O
a	O
foreign	O
body	B-ANAT
and	O
CT	O
examination	O
revealed	O
subcutaneous	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
transmural	O
tear	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
anterior	O
wall	O
of	O
the	O
esophagus	B-ANAT
was	O
found	O
and	O
the	O
foreign	O
body	B-ANAT
(	O
boiled	O
meat	O
)	O
was	O
removed	O
.	O

Sensory	B-ANAT
neurons	I-ANAT
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
promotion	O
of	O
the	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
production	O
of	O
prostaglandins	B-CHED
by	O
releasing	O
calcitonin	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
peptide	B-CHED
.	O

Neutrophils	B-ANAT
activated	O
by	O
TNF	B-PRGE
release	B-PATH
a	O
huge	O
amount	O
of	O
neutrophil	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
that	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
decreasing	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
prostaglandin	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
inverse	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
daily	O
cases	O
and	O
maximum	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
minimum	O
temperatures	O
whereas	O
air	B-CHED
pressure	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
positively	O
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
transmission	O
.	O

Diseases	O
with	O
a	O
prominent	O
reduction	O
were	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
minor	O
problems	O
,	O
and	O
elective	O
procedures	O
.	O

Diseases	O
with	O
a	O
moderate	O
reduction	O
were	O
mainly	O
chronic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
most	O
commonly	O
presents	O
either	O
as	O
a	O
superficial	B-DISO
ulcer	I-DISO
on	O
the	O
glans	O
or	O
around	O
the	O
corona	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
mechanism	O
of	O
those	O
two	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
described	O
,	O
stressing	O
on	O
the	O
difference	O
and	O
similarity	O
found	O
between	O
those	O
two	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
twelve	O
human	B-ANAT
milk	I-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
IgA	B-PRGE
against	O
porcine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
this	O
represented	O
5	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
incidence	O
,	O
causes	O
and	O
mortality	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

Septic	O
shock	O
(	O
36	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
and	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
20	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
were	O
major	O
lethal	O
causes	O
,	O
while	O
only	O
14	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
data	O
also	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
46	O
-	O
LRLGSQLSL	O
-	O
54	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
9b	O
functions	O
as	O
a	O
nuclear	B-PROC
export	I-PROC
signal	O
(	O
NES	B-SPEC
).	O

Indications	O
for	O
LTx	O
were	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
(	O
15	O
%),	O
cystic	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
(	O
15	O
%),	O
idiopathic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
(	O
8	O
%),	O
primary	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
,	O
(	O
10	O
%),	O
emphysema	B-DISO
(	O
15	O
%),	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
failure	O
(	O
11	O
%),	O
other	O
(	O
23	O
%),	O
and	O
unknown	O
(	O
3	O
%).	O

Major	O
complications	O
during	O
ECMO	O
included	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
(	O
52	O
%),	O
hemodialysis	O
(	O
42	O
%),	O
neurologic	O
(	O
12	O
%),	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
(	O
28	O
%)	O
complications	O
,	O
inotropic	O
support	O
(	O
77	O
%),	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
15	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
primordial	O
reservoir	O
in	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
contagion	O
cicle	O
.	O

An	O
emerging	O
theme	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
pathogenesis	B-DISO
is	O
that	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
specific	O
viral	O
genes	O
and	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
specifically	O
the	O
innate	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
functions	O
as	O
a	O
key	O
determinant	O
in	O
regulating	O
virulence	B-PROC
and	O
disease	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
uses	O
specific	O
strategies	O
to	O
evade	O
and	O
antagonize	O
the	O
sensing	O
and	O
signaling	B-PROC
arms	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
interferon	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
summarize	O
by	O
identifying	O
future	O
points	O
of	O
consideration	O
that	O
will	O
contribute	O
greatly	O
to	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
governing	O
coronavirus	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
severe	O
disease	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
first	O
culture	O
model	O
is	O
a	O
human	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
inoculated	O
by	O
viruses	B-SPEC
either	O
as	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
polarized	O
monolayer	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
or	O
polarized	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
tight	B-COMP
junctions	I-COMP
and	O
microvilli	B-COMP
.	O

Preincubation	O
of	O
the	O
apical	O
surface	O
of	O
cultures	O
with	O
antisera	O
directed	O
against	O
hACE2	O
reduced	O
viral	O
titers	O
by	O
two	O
logs	O
while	O
antisera	O
against	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
/	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGNR	O
did	O
not	O
reduce	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
levels	O
suggesting	O
that	O
hACE2	O
is	O
the	O
primary	O
receptor	O
for	O
entry	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
into	O
the	O
ciliated	O
cells	B-COMP
of	O
HAE	O
cultures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
following	O
lamp	O
oil	O
aspiration	B-DISO
.	O

Many	O
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
this	O
inflammatory	O
process	O
is	O
not	O
restricted	O
to	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
but	O
might	O
result	O
in	O
non	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
compromise	O
as	O
well	O
.	O

Mechanical	O
ventilation	O
is	O
considered	O
the	O
hallmark	O
treatment	O
for	O
ALI	O
patients	O
aimed	O
to	O
recruit	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
and	O
thereby	O
reverse	O
hypoxemia	O
without	O
causing	O
additional	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
potentially	O
resulting	O
from	O
overdistention	O
or	O
cycling	O
collapse	B-DISO
during	O
expiration	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
global	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
pandemic	O
of	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
reviews	O
current	O
information	O
in	O
the	O
clinical	O
field	O
of	O
community	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
several	O
newly	O
discovered	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
understand	O
this	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
isolates	O
was	O
sequenced	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
designated	O
as	O
ACoV	O
-	O
00	O
-	O
1381	O
(	O
ACoV	O
)	O
encodes	O
all	O
10	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
)	O
characteristic	O
of	O
Group	O
2	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
).	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
causes	O
an	O
inhibition	B-PATH
of	I-PATH
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
production	O
at	O
a	O
posttranscriptional	O
level	O
,	O
without	O
altering	O
RNA	O
or	O
protein	B-CHED
stability	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
disarming	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
induced	O
by	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
pretreatment	O
completely	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
inherently	O
resistant	O
to	O
some	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
state	O
induced	O
by	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
.	O

Continued	O
virological	O
surveillance	O
has	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
way	O
to	O
avert	O
this	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
at	O
the	O
source	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
provide	O
the	O
first	O
description	O
of	O
a	O
previously	O
unidentified	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
lineage	O
detected	O
from	O
wild	O
Asian	O
leopard	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
(	O
Prionailurus	B-SPEC
bengalensis	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
Chinese	O
ferret	B-SPEC
badgers	O
(	O
Melogale	B-SPEC
moschata	I-SPEC
)	O
during	O
virological	O
surveillance	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Twenty	O
-	O
one	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
Central	O
Kalahari	O
lions	O
(	O
Panthera	B-SPEC
leo	I-SPEC
)	O
exhibited	O
a	O
high	O
prevalence	O
rate	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
(	O
100	O
%)	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
71	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
from	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
legionella	B-SPEC
pneumonia	I-DISO
:	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
understand	O
the	O
acquired	O
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
Beaudette	O
strain	O
,	O
we	O
compared	O
the	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
several	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

The	O
media	B-ANAT
have	O
the	O
power	O
to	O
sway	O
public	O
perception	O
of	O
health	O
issues	O
by	O
choosing	O
what	O
to	O
publish	O
and	O
the	O
context	O
in	O
which	O
to	O
present	O
information	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
In	O
silico	O
prediction	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
by	O
virtual	O
high	O
throughput	O
screening	O
.	O

First	O
,	O
potential	O
compounds	O
were	O
extracted	O
from	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
ligand	B-PROC
complexes	O
selected	O
from	O
Protein	B-CHED
Data	O
Bank	O
database	O
based	O
on	O
structural	O
similarity	O
to	O
the	O
target	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Later	O
,	O
the	O
set	O
of	O
compounds	O
was	O
ranked	O
by	O
docking	B-PROC
scores	O
using	O
a	O
Electronic	O
High	O
-	O
Throughput	O
Screening	O
flexible	O
docking	B-PROC
procedure	O
to	O
select	O
the	O
most	O
promising	O
molecules	O
.	O

Info	O
Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
Database	O
.	O

Selected	O
molecules	O
having	O
close	O
structural	O
relationship	O
to	O
a	O
2	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
methyl	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
2	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
4	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
pentanediol	I-CHED
may	O
provide	O
candidate	O
lead	B-CHED
compounds	I-CHED
toward	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
allosteric	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
Back	B-ANAT
-	O
projection	O
method	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
homologue	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
ACE	B-ENZY
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
has	O
added	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
complexity	O
to	O
the	O
RAAS	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
bovine	O
norovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BNoV	O
)	O
and	O
their	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
have	O
only	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
USA	O
,	O
England	O
,	O
Germany	O
and	O
The	O
Netherlands	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
examined	O
the	O
prevalence	O
and	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
BNoVs	O
in	O
diarrheic	O
calves	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
using	O
645	O
diarrheic	O
fecal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
from	O
calves	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
nested	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
is	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
was	O
reported	O
that	O
aminopeptidase	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
(	O
APN	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
the	O
receptor	O
for	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FeCoV	O
)	O
which	O
all	O
belong	O
to	O
group	O
I	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
including	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
blocked	O
by	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
pAPN	O
,	O
implies	O
the	O
critical	O
role	O
of	O
pAPN	O
during	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

Antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
against	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CDV	B-CHED
),	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
(	O
CPV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CAV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
the	O
three	O
facilities	O
in	O
which	O
red	B-SPEC
pandas	I-SPEC
were	O
vaccinated	O
were	O
highly	O
variable	O
.	O

One	O
red	B-SPEC
panda	I-SPEC
in	O
each	O
of	O
three	O
locations	O
was	O
seropositive	O
for	O
Neospora	B-SPEC
caninum	I-SPEC
.	O

Only	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
73	O
red	B-SPEC
pandas	I-SPEC
had	O
a	O
weak	O
positive	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
titer	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
molecular	O
biology	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Through	O
kinetic	O
measurements	O
with	O
recombinant	O
PCs	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
was	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
efficiently	O
by	O
both	O
furin	B-PRGE
and	O
PC5	B-PRGE
,	O
but	O
very	O
poorly	O
by	O
PC7	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
cleavable	O
peptide	B-CHED
bond	O
is	O
located	O
within	O
the	O
most	O
exposed	O
domain	O
;	O
this	O
is	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
nearby	O
turn	O
structure	O
.	O

Several	O
strong	O
to	O
weak	O
NMR	O
ROESY	O
correlations	O
were	O
detected	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
3D	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
IQF	O
peptide	B-CHED
that	O
contains	O
the	O
crucial	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
R	O
(	O
761	O
)	O
E	O
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
next	O
10	O
months	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
stable	O
with	O
negative	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
prognosis	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
GBM	I-PRGE
glomerulonephritis	B-DISO
depends	O
on	O
serum	B-COMP
creatinine	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
need	O
of	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
at	O
initial	O
presentation	O
.	O

We	O
suggest	O
that	O
integrated	O
analysis	O
to	O
enhance	O
modelling	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
potential	O
control	O
measures	O
against	O
airborne	O
infections	B-DISO
presents	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
assess	O
risks	O
and	O
benefits	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
analyzed	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
terminal	O
288	O
-	O
nt	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
coding	I-PRGE
region	I-PRGE
within	O
the	O
continuous	O
ORF	O
that	O
are	O
required	O
for	O
DI	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
100	O
healthy	O
blood	B-ANAT
donors	O
(	O
set	O
3	O
),	O
collected	O
in	O
2002	O
,	O
were	O
also	O
included	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
postinfection	O
period	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
had	O
much	O
lower	O
serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-PRGE
levels	O
against	O
S450	O
-	O
650	O
than	O
against	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Women	O
comprise	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
:	O
an	O
ascending	O
genital	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
major	O
portal	B-ANAT
of	O
entry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
How	O
often	O
do	O
you	O
wash	O
your	O
hands	B-ANAT
?	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
and	O
outcomes	O
in	O
critically	O
injured	O
blunt	O
trauma	O
patients	O
:	O
weighing	O
the	O
impact	O
.	O

Morbid	B-DISO
obesity	I-DISO
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
mortality	O
(	O
OR	O
0	O
.	O
810	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
353	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
856	O
).	O

Our	O
approach	O
was	O
to	O
produce	O
retroviral	B-SPEC
pseudotypes	O
that	O
bear	B-SPEC
the	O
type	O
I	O
or	O
type	O
II	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
surface	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
and	O
to	O
screen	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
for	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
attachment	O
and	O
entry	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
also	O
indicate	O
that	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
possible	O
to	O
use	O
retroviral	B-SPEC
pseudotypes	O
to	O
identify	O
and	O
characterize	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
for	O
type	O
I	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Meningococcal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
meningitis	B-DISO
.	O

Early	O
intervention	O
with	O
aggressive	B-DISO
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
and	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
can	O
significantly	O
improve	O
outcome	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
fluids	B-ANAT
may	O
be	O
required	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
few	O
days	O
and	O
vasoactive	O
drug	O
infusions	O
are	O
often	O
needed	O
.	O

Coagulopathy	B-DISO
is	O
frequent	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
no	O
specific	O
treatment	O
.	O

Rescue	O
therapy	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
may	O
be	O
appropriate	O
in	O
cases	O
complicated	O
by	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
not	O
for	O
refractory	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

Seizures	B-DISO
and	O
hyponatremia	O
should	O
be	O
aggressively	O
treated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
More	O
than	O
four	O
years	O
have	O
passed	O
since	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
,	O
and	O
still	O
very	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
molecular	O
biology	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
this	O
deadly	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Further	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
mapped	O
the	O
interaction	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
responsible	O
for	O
this	O
RNA	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
protein	I-PROC
interaction	I-PROC
using	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
deletion	O
mutants	O
and	O
defined	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
central	O
75	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
region	O
.	O

They	O
were	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
ECMO	O
after	O
a	O
mean	O
of	O
114	O
+/-	O

The	O
detrimental	O
effects	O
of	O
O2	O
have	O
established	O
hyperoxic	O
ALI	O
(	O
HALI	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
conventional	O
model	O
to	O
study	O
neonatal	O
and	O
adult	O
forms	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndromes	B-DISO
in	O
experimental	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
an	O
8	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
boy	O
with	O
Mycoplasma	O
pneumoniae	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
pneumomediastinum	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
oral	B-ANAT
and	O
conjunctival	O
mucositis	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
are	O
no	O
skin	B-ANAT
lesions	O
and	O
it	O
improves	O
promptly	O
with	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
per	O
se	O
does	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
benefit	O
from	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
host	B-COMP
protein	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
since	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
was	O
not	O
negatively	O
affected	O
but	O
rather	O
enhanced	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
impaired	B-DISO
translational	B-PROC
shutoff	O
.	O

This	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
arrest	I-PROC
was	O
catalyzed	O
by	O
the	O
modulation	O
of	O
various	O
cell	B-PATH
cycle	I-PATH
regulatory	O
genes	O
and	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
hypophosphorylated	O
RB	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
independent	O
of	O
p53	B-PRGE
.	O

Index	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
aged	O
60	O
years	O
or	O
older	O
or	O
whose	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
level	O
was	O
elevated	O
upon	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
(	O
indicating	O
higher	O
viral	O
loads	O
)	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
transmit	O
SARS	O
to	O
their	O
contacts	O
.	O

The	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
assessed	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assays	O
,	O
lymphocyte	B-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
assays	O
,	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunospot	O
assays	O
,	O
and	O
fluorescence	O
-	O
activated	O
cell	B-COMP
sorter	O
analyses	O
.	O

Early	O
administration	O
of	O
rFVIIa	O
decreased	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
use	O
by	O
20	O
%	O
in	O
trauma	O
patients	O
requiring	O
massive	O
transfusion	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDL	B-CHED
/	O
97I	O
was	O
attenuated	O
by	O
serial	O
passage	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
.	O

At	O
necropsy	O
the	O
prominent	O
lesion	O
was	O
enteritis	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
and	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
in	O
the	O
faeces	B-ANAT
and	O
in	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
content	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
dead	B-PROC
quails	O
.	O

Altogether	O
,	O
the	O
findings	O
suggest	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
genetically	O
related	O
to	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cricopharyngeal	O
myotomy	O
for	O
oropharyngeal	B-DISO
dysphagia	I-DISO
is	O
designed	O
to	O
improve	O
symptoms	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
operation	O
can	O
result	O
in	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
even	O
death	B-PROC
.	O
:	O
A	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
of	O
all	O
complications	O
and	O
deaths	B-PROC
among	O
253	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
cricopharyngeal	O
myotomy	O
performed	O
by	O
a	O
single	O
surgeon	O
.	O

A	O
single	O
wound	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
developed	O
among	O
15	O
patients	O
with	O
neurological	O
dysphagia	B-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
BrSARS	O
-	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
and	O
specific	O
assays	O
to	O
determine	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
and	O
for	O
further	O
research	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
N	O
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

New	O
findings	O
are	O
reported	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
and	O
associated	O
pathology	B-DISO
in	O
two	O
additional	O
strains	O
(	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
and	O
129S6	O
)	O
of	O
aged	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
had	O
higher	O
stress	O
levels	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
control	O
subjects	O
(	O
PSS	B-DISO
-	O
10	O
scores	O
=	O
19	O
.	O
8	O
and	O
17	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
and	O
this	O
persisted	O
1	O
year	O
later	O
(	O
PSS	O
-	O
10	O
scores	O
=	O
19	O
.	O
9	O
and	O
17	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
without	O
signs	O
of	O
decrease	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
had	O
higher	O
stress	O
levels	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
control	O
subjects	O
(	O
PSS	B-DISO
-	O
10	O
scores	O
=	O
19	O
.	O
8	O
and	O
17	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
and	O
this	O
persisted	O
1	O
year	O
later	O
(	O
PSS	B-DISO
-	O
10	O
scores	O
=	O
19	O
.	O
9	O
and	O
17	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
without	O
signs	O
of	O
decrease	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
health	O
care	O
worker	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
had	O
stress	O
levels	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
but	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
showed	O
significantly	O
higher	O
stress	O
levels	O
in	O
2004	O
(	O
PSS	B-DISO
-	O
10	O
score	O
=	O
22	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
PSS	B-DISO
-	O
10	O
score	O
=	O
18	O
.	O
4	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
had	O
higher	O
depression	B-DISO
,	O
anxiety	O
,	O
posttraumatic	O
symptoms	O
,	O
and	O
GHQ	O
-	O
12	O
scores	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immediate	O
and	O
sustained	O
psychological	B-DISO
impact	O
of	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreak	O
on	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
.	O

In	O
2004	O
,	O
the	O
perceived	O
stress	O
levels	O
in	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
group	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
depression	B-DISO
,	O
anxiety	O
,	O
and	O
posttraumatic	O
stress	O
scores	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
tonsillitis	O
or	O
pharyngitis	B-DISO
may	O
lead	O
to	O
suppurative	B-DISO
thrombophlebitis	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
internal	B-ANAT
jugular	I-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
complication	B-DISO
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Lemierre	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
remains	O
,	O
even	O
nowadays	O
,	O
life	O
threatening	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
dissemination	O
of	O
septic	O
thromboemboli	O
to	O
various	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
GAGs	B-SPEC
are	O
sulfated	O
to	O
varying	O
extents	O
,	O
lending	O
a	O
negative	O
charge	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
used	O
by	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
initiate	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
immortalized	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
lines	O
.	O

With	O
this	O
system	O
,	O
many	O
different	O
constructs	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
can	O
be	O
analyzed	O
in	O
parallel	O
thus	O
providing	O
another	O
method	O
by	O
which	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
functional	O
domains	O
of	O
S	O
involved	O
in	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
event	O
that	O
occurs	O
during	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
imply	O
a	O
significant	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
'	O
s	O
deformability	O
possibly	O
due	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
its	O
structure	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
new	O
century	O
came	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
homolog	O
of	O
ACE	B-PRGE
,	O
called	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
early	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
it	O
may	O
play	O
a	O
pivotal	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
RAS	B-CHED
by	O
controlling	O
the	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
the	O
vasoconstrictor	O
effects	O
of	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
-	O
II	O
and	O
the	O
vasodilatory	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
(	O
1	O
-	O
7	O
)	O
peptide	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
last	O
few	O
years	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
previously	O
undescribed	O
viruses	O
,	O
including	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
coronaviruses	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
NL63	O
and	O
HKU1	O
,	O
and	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
signs	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Using	O
synthetic	O
biology	O
and	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
isogenic	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
strains	O
bearing	O
variant	O
spike	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
that	O
are	O
representative	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
strains	O
found	O
in	O
palm	B-ANAT
civets	B-SPEC
and	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dogs	I-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
isolates	O
spanning	O
the	O
early	O
,	O
middle	O
,	O
and	O
late	O
phases	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
epidemic	O
.	O

The	O
ResPlex	O
II	O
assay	O
also	O
differentiated	B-PROC
RSV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
and	O
RSV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
and	O
gave	O
positive	O
results	O
for	O
RhV	O
and	O
EnV	O
in	O
31	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
and	O
19	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
specimens	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

PIV	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
PIV	O
-	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
were	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
specimens	O
tested	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
systems	O
can	O
process	O
80	O
(	O
NGEN	O
)	O
and	O
96	O
(	O
ResPlex	O
II	O
)	O
tests	O
per	O
run	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
hands	B-ANAT
-	O
on	O
time	O
of	O
approximately	O
60	O
min	O
and	O
test	O
turnaround	O
times	O
of	O
6	O
h	O
(	O
ResPlex	O
II	O
)	O
and	O
9	O
h	O
(	O
NGEN	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
].	O

This	O
method	O
allows	O
highly	O
efficient	O
amplification	B-DISO
by	O
a	O
single	O
enzyme	O
at	O
a	O
constant	O
temperature	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
application	O
to	O
various	O
life	O
sciences	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
clinical	O
medicine	B-CHED
,	O
is	O
expected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preparations	O
and	O
limitations	O
for	O
prevention	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
centre	O
of	O
India	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
inactivation	B-DISO
with	O
physical	O
and	O
chemical	O
agents	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CCoV	O
)	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
mild	O
or	O
moderate	O
enteritis	B-DISO
in	O
puppies	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
highly	O
contagious	O
and	O
avoiding	O
contact	O
with	O
infected	O
dogs	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
excretions	B-PROC
is	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
to	O
ensure	O
disease	O
prevention	O
.	O

CCoV	O
was	O
observed	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
stable	O
at	O
pH	O
6	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
while	O
extreme	O
acidic	O
conditions	O
inactivated	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
UV	O
-	O
F	O
-	O
V	O
vaccine	O
induced	O
fewer	O
IgG	O
(	O
2a	O
)	O
subtype	O
antibodies	O
and	O
higher	O
interleukin	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
4	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
in	O
vaccinated	O
mice	B-SPEC
than	O
did	O
UV	O
-	O
V	O
.	O
Thus	O
,	O
UV	O
-	O
F	O
-	O
V	O
imposes	O
a	O
Th2	O
-	O
type	O
bias	B-SPEC
on	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
unlike	O
UV	O
-	O
V	O
.	O
We	O
propose	O
here	O
that	O
doubly	O
-	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
virions	B-COMP
by	O
UV	O
and	O
formalin	B-CHED
constitute	O
a	O
safe	O
vaccine	O
that	O
may	O
effectively	O
induce	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
iLA	O
was	O
removed	O
after	O
15	O
and	O
8	O
days	O
of	O
continuous	O
operation	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
soldiers	O
were	O
successfully	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
more	O
research	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
establish	O
potential	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
administration	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
other	O
than	O
RDS	O
.	O

The	O
spike	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
main	O
determinant	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
was	O
isolated	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
pseudotype	O
a	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)-	O
based	O
vector	O
.	O

Spike	O
-	O
pseudotyped	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
vector	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
directed	O
gene	O
transfer	O
vehicle	O
that	O
holds	O
promise	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
genetic	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
cystic	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
or	O
alpha	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
antitrypsin	I-PRGE
deficiency	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
complicating	O
Ebstein	O
-	O
Barr	O
virus	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
].	O

ARDS	B-DISO
can	O
complicate	O
EBV	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
an	O
immuno	O
-	O
competent	O
subject	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
gain	O
more	O
insight	O
into	O
functions	O
and	O
modes	O
of	O
action	O
and	O
interaction	O
of	O
the	O
different	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
cloned	O
the	O
viral	O
ORFeome	O
and	O
performed	O
a	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
analysis	O
for	O
intraviral	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
and	O
for	O
intracellular	B-PROC
localization	I-PROC
.	O

900	O
pairwise	O
interactions	O
were	O
tested	O
by	O
yeast	B-SPEC
-	O
two	O
-	O
hybrid	O
matrix	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
than	O
65	O
positive	O
non	O
-	O
redundant	O
interactions	O
,	O
including	O
six	O
self	O
interactions	O
,	O
were	O
identified	O
.	O

Nsp8	O
interacts	O
with	O
replicase	O
proteins	B-CHED
nsp2	B-PRGE
,	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
,	O
nsp6	O
,	O
nsp7	O
,	O
nsp8	O
,	O
nsp9	O
,	O
nsp12	O
,	O
nsp13	O
and	O
nsp14	O
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
player	O
within	O
the	O
replication	O
complex	O
machinery	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
viral	O
entry	O
is	O
reported	O
to	O
require	O
a	O
low	O
pH	O
in	O
intracytoplasmic	O
vesicles	B-COMP
;	O
however	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
how	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
invades	O
such	O
compartments	B-ANAT
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
entered	O
COS7	O
cells	B-COMP
transfected	O
with	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
with	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
tail	I-ANAT
deleted	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
ACE2	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
entries	O
were	O
significantly	O
inhibited	O
by	O
treatment	O
with	O
chlorpromazine	B-CHED
.	O

Here	O
we	O
review	O
recent	O
progress	O
in	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
biochemical	O
properties	O
,	O
membrane	B-COMP
topology	O
and	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
8	O
(	O
nsp8	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
interacts	O
with	O
its	O
ORF6	O
accessory	O
protein	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
ORF	O
(	O
1a	O
and	O
1b	O
)	O
encodes	O
a	O
large	O
polyprotein	O
that	O
is	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
into	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
nsp	O
).	O

Finally	O
,	O
colocalization	O
experiments	O
were	O
performed	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
to	O
confirm	O
the	O
nsp8	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ORF6	I-PRGE
interaction	O
.	O

This	O
lays	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
using	O
mammary	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
bioreactor	O
generating	O
edible	O
vaccine	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
begins	O
with	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
elicits	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
encompasses	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
potential	O
complications	O
in	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
severity	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
that	O
is	O
injured	O
and	O
the	O
intensity	O
of	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
article	O
reviews	O
recent	O
advancements	O
in	O
understanding	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
immunology	O
,	O
and	O
genetics	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
laboratory	O
-	O
based	O
markers	O
,	O
which	O
predict	O
a	O
severe	O
clinical	O
course	O
and	O
pancreatic	B-DISO
necrosis	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Field	O
canine	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CCVs	O
)	O
identified	O
during	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
in	O
Swedish	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
genetic	O
analysis	O
involving	O
the	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
1b	O
(	O
ORF1b	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
and	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
.	O

Observational	O
study	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
registry	O
data	O
,	O
using	O
Poisson	O
regression	O
and	O
interrupted	O
time	O
-	O
series	O
analysis	O
to	O
examine	O
all	O
-	O
cause	O
mortality	O
rates	O
(	O
excluding	O
deaths	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
before	O
,	O
during	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
change	O
in	O
mortality	O
in	O
the	O
Greater	O
Toronto	O
Area	O
before	O
,	O
during	O
,	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
corresponding	O
time	O
periods	B-PROC
in	O
2002	O
and	O
2001	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spontaneous	O
exocrine	B-ANAT
pancreas	I-ANAT
hypoplasia	B-DISO
in	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
C3HeB	O
/	O
FeJ	O
and	O
101	O
/	O
H	O
mouse	B-SPEC
pups	O
causes	O
steatorrhea	O
and	O
runting	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
required	O
dose	O
and	O
anticoagulatory	O
effect	O
of	O
argatroban	O
(	O
Mitsubishi	O
,	O
Pharma	O
Deutschland	O
GmbH	O
,	O
Düsseldorf	O
,	O
Germany	O
),	O
a	O
direct	O
thrombin	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
approved	O
for	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
heparin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
induced	I-DISO
thrombocytopenia	I-DISO
(	O
HIT	O
)	O
undergoing	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
dose	O
10	O
-	O
fold	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
recommended	O
by	O
the	O
manufacturer	O
is	O
sufficient	O
to	O
achieve	O
appropriate	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
undergoing	O
ECMO	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
De	O
novo	O
initiation	O
of	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
by	O
the	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
-	O
dependent	O
RNA	B-PATH
polymerase	I-PATH
.	O

The	O
EAV	B-SPEC
nsp9	O
/	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
initiates	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
by	O
a	O
de	O
novo	O
mechanism	O
on	O
homopolymeric	O
templates	O
in	O
a	O
template	O
-	O
specific	O
manner	O
.	O

A	O
novel	O
signature	O
of	O
high	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
stimulated	O
chemokine	O
levels	O
,	O
plus	O
robust	O
antiviral	B-CHED
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
stimulated	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
ISG	O
)	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
accompanied	O
early	O
SARS	B-DISO
sequelae	O
.	O

Second	O
,	O
103	O
nasal	B-ANAT
-	O
wash	O
samples	O
from	O
5	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
children	O
with	O
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
were	O
analyzed	O
;	O
RMA	O
detected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
74	O
specimens	O
(	O
71	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
compared	O
to	O
only	O
24	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
by	O
traditional	O
culture	O
and	O
immunofluorescent	O
-	O
staining	O
techniques	O
.	O

RANTES	O
-	O
28	O
G	O
allele	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
susceptibility	I-PRGE
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
Chinese	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
,	O
OR	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
80	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
2	O
.	O
11	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
71	O
).	O

Recent	O
studies	O
of	O
anticoagulants	B-CHED
have	O
shown	O
positive	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

Data	O
from	O
experimental	O
models	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
ALI	O
,	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
indicate	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
agents	O
improve	O
lung	O
function	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Some	O
approaches	O
to	O
dealing	O
with	O
these	O
questions	O
and	O
addressing	O
functional	O
correlates	O
of	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
activity	O
at	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
molecular	O
cell	B-COMP
biology	O
are	O
provided	O
in	O
this	O
review	O
focusing	O
on	O
two	O
spheres	O
of	O
interest	O
:	O
neurodegeneration	B-DISO
and	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
regulation	B-PROC
.	O

16	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
2	O
patients	O
had	O
intractable	O
cardiac	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
5	O
patients	O
had	O
combined	O
respiratory	O
and	O
cardiac	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
-	O
renal	B-ANAT
syndromes	B-DISO
or	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
kidney	B-ANAT
syndromes	B-DISO
are	O
clinical	O
syndromes	O
defined	O
by	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
diffuse	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
haemorrhage	B-DISO
(	O
DAH	O
)	O
and	O
glomerulonephritis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
cases	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
renal	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
are	O
associated	O
with	O
ANCAs	O
,	O
either	O
c	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ANCA	I-PRGE
or	O
p	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ANCA	I-PRGE
,	O
due	O
to	O
autoantibodies	O
against	O
the	O
target	B-PRGE
antigens	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
respectively	O
.	O

Soluble	B-PRGE
N18	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
HB2151	O
,	O
purified	O
by	O
Ni	O
-	O
NTA	B-CHED
affinity	O
chromatography	O
and	O
verified	O
by	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
.	O

Eligible	O
men	O
acknowledged	O
no	O
history	O
of	O
genital	B-DISO
warts	I-DISO
and	O
had	O
sexual	B-PROC
intercourse	I-PROC
with	O
a	O
woman	O
within	O
the	O
past	O
year	O
.	O

Rotavirus	O
was	O
confirmed	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

Even	O
though	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
closely	O
associated	O
with	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
marker	O
of	O
injury	O
severity	O
.	O

The	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
presence	O
of	O
sodium	O
disorders	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
5	O
.	O
56	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
2	O
.	O
90	O
-	O
10	O
.	O
65	O
),	O
hypotension	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
12	O
.	O
58	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
4	O
.	O
40	O
-	O
35	O
.	O
00	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
13	O
.	O
57	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
51	O
-	O
121	O
.	O
66	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Glycoprotein	B-CHED
Si	O
was	O
the	O
major	O
protein	B-CHED
to	O
determine	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

The	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
-	O
mycobacterium	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
shuttle	O
plasmid	O
pR	O
-	O
alpha	O
-	O
S1	O
was	O
constructed	O
by	O
inserting	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
to	O
the	O
pRR3	B-PRGE
with	O
human	B-PRGE
mycobacterium	B-SPEC
tuberculosis	I-SPEC
HSP70	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
and	O
a	O
signal	O
peptide	B-CHED
.	O

It	O
'	O
s	O
typically	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
consist	O
of	O
omitting	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
loss	O
water	B-CHED
and	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

All	O
kinds	O
and	O
ages	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
infected	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
S	O
was	O
detected	O
by	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
after	O
induced	O
by	O
1ng	O
/	O
mL	O
nisin	O
.	O

This	O
system	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
quantitative	O
measurement	O
of	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
using	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCV	B-SPEC
)	O
NS3	B-DISO
/	O
4A	O
protease	O
and	O
a	O
secretion	B-PROC
-	O
blocked	O
EGFP	O
-	O
4A	O
/	O
4B	O
-	O
SEAP	O
(	O
EGFP	O
:	O
enhanced	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
;	O
4A	O
/	O
4B	O
:	O
a	O
decapeptide	O
substrate	O
of	O
NS3	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
4A	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
;	O
SEAP	O
:	O
secreted	B-PROC
alkaline	B-PRGE
phosphatase	I-PRGE
)	O
fusion	O
gene	O
.	O

Cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
provides	O
an	O
environment	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
protease	O
encounters	O
its	O
substrate	O
4A	O
/	O
4B	O
,	O
thereby	O
releasing	O
SEAP	O
from	O
the	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Computed	O
tomography	O
scans	O
revealed	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
and	O
surrounding	O
ring	O
-	O
shaped	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
space	O
consolidation	O
,	O
the	O
""""	O
reversed	O
halo	B-DISO
sign	I-DISO
"""."	O

As	O
cryptogenic	B-DISO
organizing	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
was	O
suspected	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
then	O
treated	O
with	O
intravenously	O
pulsed	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
followed	O
by	O
prednisolone	B-CHED
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
COX	B-PRGE
activity	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
efficient	O
MHV	B-SPEC
replication	O
,	O
providing	O
a	O
potential	O
target	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
coronaviral	O
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hindsight	O
:	O
a	O
re	O
-	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interstitial	B-ANAT
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
and	O
anti	O
-	O
Jo	O
-	O
1	O
antibodies	B-COMP
:	O
difference	O
between	O
acute	O
and	O
gradual	O
onset	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Angiotensin	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
are	O
highly	O
homologous	O
metalloproteases	O
that	O
provide	O
essential	O
catalytic	O
functions	O
in	O
the	O
renin	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-PATH
(	O
RAS	B-PRGE
).	O

Angiotensin	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
is	O
one	O
key	O
effector	B-CHED
peptide	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
RAS	B-PRGE
,	O
inducing	O
vasoconstriction	B-DISO
and	O
exerting	B-PROC
multiple	O
biological	O
functions	O
.	O

Accumulating	O
evidence	O
has	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
physiological	O
and	O
pathological	O
role	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
systems	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
monitored	O
the	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
AP	B-PROC
)	O
and	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
and	O
analysed	O
the	O
AP	B-PROC
and	O
HR	O
variabilities	O
for	O
assessment	O
of	O
autonomic	B-ANAT
functions	O
.	O

Biochemical	O
determinations	O
indicated	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
hyperglycaemia	B-DISO
,	O
increased	O
nitrite	B-CHED
/	O
nitrate	B-CHED
,	O
methyl	B-CHED
guanidine	B-CHED
and	O
other	O
factors	O
.	O

Treatment	O
guidelines	O
are	O
not	O
evidence	O
based	O
in	O
this	O
age	O
group	O
and	O
frequently	O
do	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
consider	O
either	O
the	O
likely	O
pathology	B-DISO
or	O
the	O
different	O
patterns	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

The	O
choices	O
are	O
oral	B-ANAT
leukotriene	B-PROC
receptor	I-PROC
antagonists	I-PROC
,	O
or	O
inhaled	B-PROC
corticosteroids	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
should	O
be	O
introduced	O
in	O
a	O
three	O
-	O
stage	O
protocol	O
to	O
avoid	O
overtreating	O
the	O
child	O
with	O
evanescent	O
symptoms	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
MODS	B-DISO
with	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
elevation	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
AD	O
improved	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
parameters	O
in	O
extensively	O
burned	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dual	O
enteric	O
and	O
respiratory	O
tropisms	B-PROC
of	O
winter	B-DISO
dysentery	I-DISO
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
calves	O
.	O

The	O
WD	O
-	O
BCoV	O
-	O
inoculated	O
calves	O
showed	O
gradual	O
villous	O
atrophy	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
and	O
a	O
gradual	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
crypt	B-ANAT
depth	O
of	O
the	O
large	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
effect	O
of	O
1	O
night	O
of	O
CPAP	O
on	O
sleep	B-PROC
architecture	O
,	O
AHI	O
,	O
arousal	O
indexes	O
,	O
and	O
nocturnal	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
was	O
assessed	O
.	O

Extremely	O
severe	O
obese	B-DISO
subjects	O
(	O
BMI	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
50	O
kg	O
/	O
m2	O
)	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
OSA	B-DISO
plus	O
OHS	B-DISO
exhibit	O
severe	O
oxygen	B-CHED
desaturation	O
but	O
similar	O
severities	O
of	O
AHI	O
,	O
arousal	O
indexes	O
,	O
and	O
sleep	B-PROC
architecture	O
abnormalities	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
matched	O
subjects	O
without	O
OHS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Twenty	O
-	O
three	O
subjects	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
OSA	B-DISO
and	O
23	O
subjects	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
OSA	B-DISO
plus	O
OHS	B-DISO
underwent	O
a	O
1	O
-	O
night	O
trial	O
of	O
CPAP	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
an	O
autoselection	O
system	O
for	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
in	O
Saccharomyces	B-SPEC
cerevisiae	I-SPEC
which	O
increases	O
yields	O
5	O
-	O
10	O
-	O
fold	O
compared	O
to	O
conditional	O
selection	O
for	O
expression	B-PROC
plasmids	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
versatility	O
of	O
this	O
system	O
by	O
expressing	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
organisms	O
and	O
include	O
several	O
large	O
and	O
problematic	O
products	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Propofol	B-CHED
infusion	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
isolate	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
BToV	O
and	O
that	O
BToV	O
infection	B-DISO
might	O
be	O
common	O
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
Glasgow	O
Coma	B-DISO
Scale	O
score	O
<	O
9	O
)	O
were	O
studied	O
for	O
8	O
days	O
from	O
admission	O
.	O

Ventilatory	O
pattern	O
,	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
compliance	O
,	O
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
profile	O
were	O
recorded	O
and	O
entered	O
in	O
a	O
stepwise	O
regression	O
model	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effectiveness	O
of	O
control	O
measures	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Beijing	O
:	O
a	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
Rt	O
curve	O
and	O
the	O
epidemic	O
curve	O
.	O

A	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
based	O
on	O
817	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
307	O
health	O
care	O
worker	O
control	O
subjects	O
,	O
290	O
outpatient	O
control	O
subjects	O
,	O
and	O
309	O
household	O
control	O
subjects	O
unaffected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
from	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
test	O
for	O
genetic	O
association	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Epidermal	B-FUNC
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
EGF	B-FUNC
)	O
promotes	O
gastrointestinal	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
recovery	O
by	O
stimulating	O
the	O
mitogenic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
crypt	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

PEDV	B-FUNC
+	I-FUNC
EGF	I-FUNC
piglets	O
had	O
less	O
severe	O
clinical	O
signs	O
than	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
only	O
piglets	O
at	O
48	O
and	O
60	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
hpi	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
this	O
survey	O
clearly	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
several	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
are	O
prevalent	O
in	O
poultry	O
flocks	O
in	O
Pakistan	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Application	O
of	O
a	O
focus	O
formation	B-PROC
assay	O
for	O
detection	O
and	O
titration	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
rationale	O
for	O
using	O
steroids	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
H5N1	B-DISO
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

Adrenal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
overcome	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
with	O
prolonged	O
(	O
7	O
-	O
10	O
or	O
more	O
days	O
)	O
supraphysiological	O
steroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
at	O
a	O
sufficiently	O
high	O
dose	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
excess	O
activation	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
NF	I-PROC
-	I-PROC
kappaB	I-PROC
,	O
but	O
low	O
enough	O
to	O
avoid	O
immune	B-DISO
suppression	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Multiple	O
contacts	O
with	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
source	O
may	O
cause	O
inconsistencies	O
in	O
determining	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
and	O
hence	O
the	O
calculation	O
of	O
the	O
mean	O
and	O
variance	O
of	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
.	O

Both	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
WT	O
)	O
and	O
gamma	O
-	O
chain	O
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
lack	O
receptors	O
for	O
immune	O
complexes	O
(	O
FcgammaRs	O
)	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
gamma	O
-	O
chain	O
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
lack	O
receptors	O
for	O
immune	O
complexes	O
were	O
protected	O
from	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
immune	O
complexes	O
containing	O
autoantibodies	O
contribute	O
to	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
in	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
treated	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
was	O
monitored	O
by	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
observation	O
,	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
,	O
and	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

Demographic	O
,	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
data	O
at	O
presentation	O
and	O
investigative	O
data	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
10	O
days	O
of	O
illness	O
from	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
were	O
compiled	O
.	O

A	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Six	O
trials	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
inclusion	O
criteria	O
;	O
three	O
investigated	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
steroids	B-CHED
in	O
early	O
stage	O
disease	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
300	O
)	O
and	O
three	O
investigated	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
steroids	B-CHED
in	O
late	O
stage	O
disease	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
235	O
).	O

Blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
obtained	O
for	O
the	O
determination	O
of	O
amylase	B-PRGE
,	O
lipase	B-PRGE
,	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
TNF	O
)-	O
alpha	O
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
1beta	O
,	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
peptide	B-CHED
(	O
MIP	B-DISO
)-	O
2	O
and	O
soluble	B-PRGE
intercellular	I-PRGE
adhesion	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
(	O
sICAM	O
)-	O
1	O
levels	O
,	O
while	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
and	O
lung	O
tissues	O
were	O
removed	O
for	O
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
(	O
MPO	B-FUNC
)	O
activity	O
,	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NOx	O
)	O
level	O
,	O
CD40	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
and	O
histological	O
evaluation	O
.	O

Cerulein	B-CHED
injection	O
caused	O
severe	O
AP	O
,	O
confirmed	O
by	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
serum	B-PRGE
amylase	I-PRGE
and	O
lipase	B-PRGE
levels	O
,	O
histopathological	O
findings	O
of	O
severe	O
AP	O
,	O
and	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
MPO	B-FUNC
activity	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
values	O
obtained	O
in	O
the	O
sham	O
group	O
.	O

Research	O
conducted	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
may	O
help	O
inform	O
research	O
planning	O
for	O
future	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
.	O

Using	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
COV	I-PRGE
ORF6	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
localized	O
to	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
)/	O
Golgi	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
where	O
it	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
and	O
disrupts	O
nuclear	B-PROC
import	I-PROC
complex	O
formation	B-PROC
by	O
tethering	O
karyopherin	B-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
karyopherin	B-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
to	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
panel	O
test	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
twenty	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
use	O
of	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
and	O
a	O
fluid	O
microbead	O
-	O
based	O
assay	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
prospective	O
evaluation	O
using	O
294	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
specimens	O
,	O
DFA	B-CHED
/	O
culture	O
detected	O
119	O
positives	O
and	O
the	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
panel	O
(	O
RVP	O
)	O
test	O
detected	O
112	O
positives	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
97	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Type	B-PRGE
IVB	I-PRGE
pilus	I-PRGE
operon	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
controlling	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
gene	O
in	O
Salmonella	B-SPEC
enterica	I-SPEC
Serovar	O
Typhi	O
elicits	O
full	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
by	O
intranasal	O
vaccination	O
.	O

Results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
intranasal	O
route	O
caused	O
the	O
highest	O
production	O
of	O
specific	O
immunoglobulin	O
G	O
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
),	O
IgG2a	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
secretory	B-PRGE
IgA	I-PRGE
,	O
where	O
IgG2a	B-COMP
was	O
imprinted	O
as	O
a	O
Th1	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
bias	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
loads	O
(	O
VLs	O
)	O
and	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
(	O
CPEs	O
)	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

siRNA	O
against	O
orf8a	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
VLs	B-PRGE
and	O
interrupted	O
the	O
CPE	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Two	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
of	O
37	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
had	O
anti	O
-	O
ORF8a	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

ORF8a	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
localized	O
in	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
overexpression	B-PROC
resulted	O
in	O
increases	O
in	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
transmembrane	B-PROC
potential	I-PROC
,	O
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
production	O
,	O
caspase	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
activity	O
,	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
identified	O
recently	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	O
wheezing	B-DISO
.	O

Viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
for	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
by	O
IFA	O
or	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
.	O

PCR	O
assays	O
for	O
hBoV	O
DNA	O
were	O
performed	O
using	O
the	O
primer	O
sets	O
for	O
noncapsid	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
NP1	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
NS1	B-DISO
)	O
genes	O
.	O

Interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
)	O
is	O
not	O
recommended	O
as	O
standard	O
therapy	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Dysfunction	O
of	O
the	O
hypothalamic	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
pituitary	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
adrenal	I-ANAT
axis	I-ANAT
with	O
decreased	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
activity	O
is	O
being	O
increasingly	O
recognized	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
,	O
particularly	O
those	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
insufficiency	O
may	O
occur	O
due	O
to	O
dysfunction	O
at	O
any	O
point	O
in	O
the	O
hypothalamic	O
-	O
pituitary	O
-	O
adrenal	O
axis	O
including	O
tissue	B-ANAT
glucocorticoid	B-DISO
resistance	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
main	I-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
viral	O
polyprotein	O
processing	O
enzyme	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
viability	O
of	O
the	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
this	O
structure	O
resembles	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
tetrahedral	O
intermediate	O
during	O
the	O
deacylation	O
step	O
of	O
normal	O
peptidyl	O
cleavage	B-PROC
.	O

Class	B-SPEC
II	O
was	O
barely	O
detectable	O
on	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
potent	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
on	O
microglia	B-ANAT
.	O

Maximal	O
MHC	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
in	O
both	O
glial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
types	O
correlated	O
with	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
levels	O
and	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
accumulation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Calf	B-ANAT
-	O
level	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
neonatal	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
and	O
shedding	O
of	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
in	O
Ontario	O
dairy	O
calves	O
.	O

Fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
weekly	O
for	O
4	O
weeks	O
from	O
each	O
of	O
1045	O
calves	O
under	O
30	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
on	O
11	O
dairy	O
farms	O
in	O
south	O
-	O
western	O
Ontario	O
during	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
2003	O
and	O
the	O
winter	O
of	O
2004	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
73	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
846	O
calves	O
for	O
which	O
all	O
four	O
fecal	B-ANAT
consistency	O
scores	O
had	O
been	O
recorded	O
were	O
diarrheic	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
collection	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
sample	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
substrate	O
specificity	O
data	O
show	O
the	O
expected	O
P1	O
-	O
Gln	B-CHED
P2	O
-	O
Leu	B-CHED
specificity	O
and	O
elucidate	O
a	O
novel	O
preference	O
for	O
P1	O
-	O
His	O
containing	O
substrates	O
equal	O
to	O
the	O
expected	O
preference	O
for	O
P1	O
-	O
Gln	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
provide	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
a	O
rational	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
design	O
effort	B-PROC
based	O
upon	O
the	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
scaffold	O
identified	O
,	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
complex	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
more	O
complete	O
understanding	O
of	O
P1	O
-	O
P4	O
substrate	O
specificity	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
multicentre	O
study	O
in	O
GBS	B-DISO
diagnosed	O
according	O
to	O
international	O
criteria	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
symptom	B-DISO
was	O
usually	O
a	O
disturbance	O
of	O
gait	O
or	O
neuropathic	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
.	O

46	O
%	O
showed	O
cranial	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
involvement	O
,	O
and	O
51	O
%	O
autonomous	O
dysfunction	O
.	O

Electrophysiological	O
examination	O
showed	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
74	O
%,	O
and	O
26	O
%	O
of	O
these	O
presented	O
with	O
very	O
low	O
amplitude	O
compound	O
action	B-PROC
potentials	I-PROC
.	O

Transient	O
deterioration	O
after	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
treatment	O
occurred	O
in	O
seven	O
patients	O
,	O
two	O
suffered	B-DISO
relapsing	O
GBS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
three	O
developed	O
CIDP	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
concluded	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
viral	O
loads	O
in	O
these	O
organs	B-ANAT
remain	O
relatively	O
stable	O
,	O
post	O
-	O
mortem	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
experiences	O
of	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
),	O
have	O
highlighted	O
the	O
risks	O
of	O
serious	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
from	O
occupational	O
exposures	O
.	O

Sensory	O
and	O
motor	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
conduction	O
studies	O
,	O
repetitive	O
nerve	B-ANAT
stimulation	O
,	O
electromyogram	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
cell	B-COMP
counts	O
,	O
general	O
chemistry	O
and	O
metabolic	B-PROC
function	O
tests	O
,	O
a	O
CT	O
scan	O
,	O
an	O
[(	O
18	O
)	O
F	O
]	O
fluorodeoxyglucose	O
-	O
PET	O
scan	O
,	O
and	O
tests	O
for	O
serum	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
acetylcholine	B-CHED
receptors	O
,	O
muscle	B-ANAT
-	O
specific	O
tyrosine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
,	O
voltage	B-CHED
-	O
gated	O
potassium	B-CHED
channels	O
,	O
P	O
/	O
Q	O
-	O
type	O
voltage	B-CHED
-	O
gated	O
calcium	B-CHED
channels	O
,	O
and	O
paraneoplastic	O
antigens	B-CHED
,	O
were	O
carried	O
out	O
.	O

Combined	O
treatment	O
with	O
prednisone	B-CHED
,	O
intravenous	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
,	O
ciclosporin	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
rituximab	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
Hsp90	B-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
may	O
ameliorate	O
the	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
ALI	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

Hsp90	B-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
may	O
offer	O
a	O
new	O
pharmacological	O
tool	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Apart	O
from	O
bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
we	O
have	O
identified	O
a	O
novel	O
group	O
1	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
HKU2	I-PRGE
,	O
in	O
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
sinicus	I-SPEC
(	O
Chinese	O
horseshoe	B-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
).	O

Instillation	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
CXCL10	O
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
of	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
(	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
(-/-))	O
mice	B-SPEC
resulted	O
in	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
replication	O
in	O
both	O
brain	B-ANAT
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
virally	O
encoded	O
CXCL10	O
within	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
protected	O
mice	B-SPEC
from	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
correlated	O
with	O
increased	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
,	O
enhanced	O
IFN	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
gamma	I-PROC
secretion	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
accelerated	O
viral	O
clearance	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
an	O
isogenic	O
control	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
fatal	O
systemic	O
coronavirus	O
infection	O
is	O
described	O
in	O
a	O
53	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
Pekinese	O
dog	B-SPEC
.	O

Visceral	O
lesions	O
consisted	O
of	O
extensive	O
fibrinopurulent	O
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
multiple	O
renal	B-ANAT
cortical	B-ANAT
infarcts	B-DISO
,	O
severe	O
coalescing	O
centrilobular	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
fatty	B-DISO
change	I-DISO
with	O
minimal	O
random	O
hepatic	B-DISO
necrosis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
multifocal	O
splenic	B-DISO
haemorrhage	I-DISO
with	O
lymphoid	O
depletion	O
.	O

Identification	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
and	O
type	O
II	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
this	O
subject	O
had	O
been	O
previously	O
confirmed	O
by	O
genotype	O
-	O
specific	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assays	O
of	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
,	O
while	O
only	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
type	O
II	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
visceral	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
performance	O
status	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
2	O
[	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)=	O
5	O
.	O
17	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
84	O
-	O
14	O
.	O
53	O
)],	O
advanced	B-DISO
cancer	I-DISO
(	O
TNM	O
stage	O
IV	O
)	O
[	O
OR	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
80	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
28	O
-	O
11	O
.	O
28	O
)],	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
failures	O
[	O
OR	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
87	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
83	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
50	O
)]	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
mortality	O
in	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
progenitors	O
for	O
both	O
epithelial	O
and	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
have	O
been	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
therefore	O
tested	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
whether	O
homing	O
of	O
EPC	O
in	O
damaged	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
occurs	O
after	O
intravenous	O
administration	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
few	O
EPC	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
subcutaneous	O
Matrigel	O
in	O
transplanted	B-ANAT
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
on	O
HeLa	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
contributed	O
to	O
efficient	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
while	O
human	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
was	O
not	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Both	O
antibodies	B-COMP
competed	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
,	O
for	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
),	O
suggesting	O
a	O
mechanism	O
of	O
neutralization	O
that	O
involves	O
interference	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
interaction	O
.	O

Whereas	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
has	O
been	O
broadly	O
investigated	O
,	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
after	O
blunt	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
is	O
still	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

In	O
parallel	O
,	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
in	O
bronchioalveolar	O
lavage	O
fluids	B-ANAT
was	O
increased	O
as	O
a	O
function	O
of	O
time	O
and	O
was	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
by	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C5a	I-PRGE
treatment	O
.	O

Trauma	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
dramatic	O
changes	O
in	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
function	O
,	O
namely	O
early	O
enhanced	O
chemotaxis	B-PROC
and	O
phagocytosis	B-PROC
,	O
followed	O
by	O
prolonged	O
functional	O
defects	O
-	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
ameliorated	O
by	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C5a	I-PRGE
treatment	O
.	O

Fluorescence	O
confocal	O
microscopy	O
of	O
labeled	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
confirmed	O
that	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
taken	O
up	O
via	O
endocytosis	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
when	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
bound	O
to	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
pH	O
was	O
lowered	O
to	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
a	O
strong	O
labeling	O
of	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
.	O

The	O
results	O
imply	O
that	O
endocytosis	B-PATH
plays	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
acidic	O
pH	O
of	O
the	O
endosomal	O
compartment	B-ANAT
triggers	O
a	O
conformational	B-PROC
change	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
mediating	O
fusion	O
.	O

All	O
vaccination	O
groups	O
were	O
given	O
Massachusetts	O
/	O
Connecticut	O
strains	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
at	O
age	O
1	O
day	O
followed	O
by	O
vaccination	O
with	O
either	O
Holland	O
/	O
Arkansas	O
or	O
Massachusetts	O
/	O
Arkansas	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
at	O
18	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

Chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
Holland	O
/	O
Arkansas	O
had	O
marginally	O
better	O
protection	O
against	O
CA99	O
challenge	O
than	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
Massachusetts	O
/	O
Arkansas	O
,	O
although	O
differences	O
were	O
not	O
statistically	O
significant	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
efficacy	O
of	O
an	O
avian	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
vaccine	O
applied	O
simultaneously	O
with	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
and	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
vaccines	O
to	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
aMPV	O
vaccine	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
the	O
serological	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
NDV	O
vaccines	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
showing	O
aMPV	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
NDV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
can	O
be	O
codelivered	O
without	O
affecting	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
aMPV	O
vaccine	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Intratracheally	O
administered	O
pathogen	O
-	O
associated	O
molecular	O
patterns	O
affect	O
antibody	B-COMP
responses	I-PROC
of	O
poultry	O
.	O

1	O
,	O
3	O
beta	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
Glucan	I-CHED
did	O
not	O
significantly	O
affect	O
Ab	O
responses	O
to	O
HuSA	O
.	O

All	O
birds	B-SPEC
challenged	O
with	O
PAMP	O
showed	O
a	O
decreased	O
BW	O
.	O

Higher	O
total	O
Ab	O
titers	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
bursal	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
were	O
found	O
in	O
birds	B-SPEC
challenged	O
with	O
LTA	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
KQ6	O
was	O
an	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
group	O
3	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Current	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
,	O
especially	O
unexpected	O
"("""	O
emerging	O
""")"	O
infections	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
or	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
have	O
renewed	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
critical	O
importance	O
of	O
global	O
early	O
warning	O
and	O
rapid	O
response	O
.	O

A	O
number	O
of	O
the	O
gaps	O
can	O
be	O
addressed	O
through	O
increased	O
political	O
will	O
,	O
resources	O
for	O
reporting	O
,	O
improved	O
coordination	B-PROC
and	O
sharing	O
of	O
information	O
,	O
raising	O
clinicians	O
'	O
awareness	O
,	O
and	O
additional	O
research	O
to	O
develop	O
more	O
rigorous	O
triggers	O
for	O
action	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
only	O
one	O
adult	O
case	O
of	O
TRALI	B-DISO
after	O
allogenic	O
marrow	O
graft	B-ANAT
has	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
for	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
),	O
a	O
group	O
I	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
-	O
converting	O
enzyme2	O
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
).	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
to	O
utilize	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
ACE2	O
variants	O
previously	O
characterized	O
as	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Targeting	B-PROC
the	O
glycans	B-CHED
of	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
:	O
a	O
novel	O
paradigm	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
Review	O
,	O
an	O
original	O
therapeutic	O
concept	O
for	O
suppressing	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
presented	O
that	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
specific	O
interaction	O
of	O
carbohydrate	B-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
agents	O
(	O
CBAs	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
glycans	B-CHED
present	O
on	O
viral	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
glycoproteins	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
also	O
confirmed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
second	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
between	O
nsp7	O
and	O
nsp8	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
normal	O
levels	O
of	O
dystrophin	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
were	O
restored	O
in	O
the	O
diaphragms	B-ANAT
of	O
mdx	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
treatment	O
starting	O
at	O
the	O
neonatal	O
stage	O
,	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
still	O
detecTable	O
22	O
weeks	O
after	O
the	O
last	O
dose	O
of	O
an	O
(	O
R	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Ahx	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
R	I-PRGE
)(	O
4	O
)	O
AhxB	O
-	O
PMO	O
conjugate	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Here	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
leptospirosis	O
without	O
fever	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
late	O
stage	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
initial	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
was	O
more	O
suggestive	O
of	O
a	O
pregnancy	O
-	O
related	O
liver	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
rather	O
than	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

At	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
was	O
considered	O
and	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
serological	O
tests	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
which	O
has	O
overwhelmed	O
more	O
than	O
30	O
countries	O
claiming	O
nearly	O
8400	O
cases	O
with	O
over	O
800	O
fatalities	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
intends	O
to	O
outline	O
the	O
major	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
journey	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
exploration	O
,	O
by	O
emphasizing	O
those	O
inaugurated	O
studies	O
with	O
milestone	O
-	O
like	O
significance	O
contributed	O
by	O
Chinese	O
research	O
groups	O
.	O

And	O
a	O
marked	O
increase	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
spleen	B-ANAT
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

As	O
of	O
June	O
23rd	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
disease	O
had	O
been	O
reported	O
from	O
32	O
countries	O
or	O
regions	O
globally	O
,	O
affecting	O
8459	O
people	O
;	O
805	O
individuals	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
affected	O
)	O
have	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
comparison	O
of	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
with	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
germline	O
gene	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
all	O
clones	O
varied	O
in	O
the	O
complementarity	O
-	O
determining	O
regions	O
,	O
that	O
two	O
scFv	O
antibodies	O
reacted	O
significantly	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
that	O
those	O
two	O
specific	O
scFv	O
antibodies	B-COMP
recognized	O
the	O
same	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
spanning	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
750	O
-	O
1000	O
.	O

ORF8a	O
and	O
ORF8b	O
are	O
predicted	O
to	O
encode	O
two	O
small	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
8a	O
and	O
8b	O
,	O
and	O
ORF8	O
a	O
single	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
8ab	O
(	O
a	O
fusion	O
form	O
of	O
8a	O
and	O
8b	O
).	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
construct	O
containing	O
ORF8	O
generated	O
the	O
8ab	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

More	O
interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
two	O
proteins	B-CHED
could	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
monoubiquitin	O
and	O
polyubiquitin	B-PROC
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
potential	O
involvement	O
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
were	O
the	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
is	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Analyses	O
of	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
the	O
pseudotype	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
bearing	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
two	O
substitutions	O
in	O
the	O
S2	O
region	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
S950F	O
substitution	O
,	O
were	O
responsible	O
for	O
efficient	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
adaptation	B-PROC
to	O
different	O
host	B-COMP
species	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
induced	O
by	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
S2	O
region	O
.	O

The	O
complete	O
coding	O
region	O
is	O
2418bp	O
in	O
length	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
closest	O
to	O
human	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
among	O
known	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
homologs	I-PRGE
of	O
non	O
-	O
primate	B-SPEC
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
protein	B-CHED
signatures	O
,	O
or	O
biomarkers	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
diagnose	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
predict	O
disease	O
states	O
and	O
to	O
inform	O
on	O
disease	O
processes	O
.	O

Surface	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
LA	O
fraction	O
was	O
greatly	O
impaired	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Understanding	O
,	O
compliance	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
impact	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
quarantine	O
experience	O
.	O

A	O
mailed	O
questionnaire	O
was	O
administered	O
to	O
1912	O
eligible	O
adults	O
and	O
included	O
the	O
Impact	O
of	O
Events	O
Scale	O
-	O
Revised	O
(	O
IES	B-CHED
-	O
R	O
)	O
to	O
assess	O
symptoms	O
of	O
post	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
traumatic	I-DISO
stress	I-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
(	O
PTSD	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Optimization	O
of	O
a	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
authors	O
report	O
on	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
pseudomembranous	O
necrotizing	O
form	O
of	O
histologically	O
proven	O
tracheobronchitis	B-DISO
,	O
caused	O
by	O
Aspergillus	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
in	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
induction	O
chemotherapy	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
acute	B-PATH
myeloid	I-PATH
leukemia	I-PATH
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
evolution	B-PROC
is	O
gradual	O
:	O
from	O
mild	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
manifestations	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
tracheobronchitis	I-DISO
against	O
the	O
background	O
of	O
a	O
prolonged	O
fever	B-PROC
unaffected	O
by	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
to	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
and	O
unilateral	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
obstruction	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
,	O
therapeutic	O
possibilities	O
and	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
this	O
rare	O
infectious	B-DISO
complication	B-DISO
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
whether	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
could	O
participate	O
in	O
respiratory	O
pathologies	O
and	O
serve	O
as	O
vector	O
for	O
viral	O
spread	O
towards	O
other	O
tissues	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
leukocytic	B-ANAT
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
and	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PBMC	O
)	O
to	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
was	O
investigated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enhancement	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
replication	O
by	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
protein	B-CHED
6	O
requires	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
hydrophobic	O
region	O
but	O
not	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
sorting	B-PROC
motifs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
encodes	O
several	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
unknown	O
function	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
induces	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
stress	O
and	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
intracellular	B-ANAT
chemokine	O
mRNA	B-CHED
concentrations	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
five	O
children	O
underwent	O
lung	B-ANAT
resections	O
between	O
1998	O
and	O
2006	O
,	O
their	O
age	O
ranging	O
from	O
8	O
days	O
to	O
12	O
years	O
(	O
mean	O
3	O
years	O
),	O
with	O
a	O
male	O
:	O
female	O
ratio	O
of	O
4	O
:	O
1	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
New	O
contemporary	O
data	O
about	O
new	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	O
XXI	O
century	O
are	O
presented	O
.	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
persistent	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
mitral	O
valvular	O
replacement	O
and	O
tricuspid	B-ANAT
valve	I-ANAT
annuloplasty	O
were	O
performed	O
.	O

These	O
genetic	O
data	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
endogenous	O
peptide	B-CHED
Apelin	O
is	O
crucial	O
to	O
maintain	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
contractility	O
in	O
pressure	O
overload	O
and	O
aging	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
feline	B-SPEC
case	O
of	O
isolated	O
fourth	B-ANAT
ventricle	I-ANAT
with	O
syringomyelia	B-DISO
suspected	O
to	O
be	O
related	O
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
cat	B-SPEC
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
an	O
isolated	O
fourth	B-ANAT
ventricle	I-ANAT
(	O
IFV	B-SPEC
)	O
with	O
syringomyelia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
serum	B-COMP
isoantibody	O
test	O
for	O
the	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
1	O
:	O
3	O
,	O
200	O
.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
no	O
report	O
on	O
IFV	B-SPEC
in	O
veterinary	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
structural	O
proteomics	O
initiatives	O
will	O
have	O
several	O
profound	O
biological	O
impacts	O
,	O
including	O
elucidation	O
of	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
function	O
relationships	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
;	O
identification	O
of	O
targets	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
compounds	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
;	O
and	O
addition	O
of	O
new	O
protein	B-CHED
folds	O
to	O
the	O
fold	O
space	O
,	O
with	O
further	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
function	O
relationships	O
for	O
several	O
new	O
protein	B-CHED
families	O
.	O

Electron	O
microscope	O
analysis	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
in	O
vAcME	O
and	O
vAcS	O
coinfected	O
insect	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

VLPs	B-ANAT
also	O
conferred	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
against	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
Spike	O
protein	B-CHED
pseudotyped	O
murine	B-SPEC
leukaemia	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
study	O
describing	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
SARS	O
CoV	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
,	O
providing	O
valuable	O
data	O
for	O
developing	O
a	O
protective	O
vaccine	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
have	O
been	O
only	O
few	O
scattered	O
reports	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
APS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
successfully	O
managed	O
with	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
various	O
immunosuppressive	O
and	O
immunomodulatory	O
treatment	O
modalities	O
.	O

Disruption	O
of	O
gene	O
7	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
or	O
morbidity	O
in	O
golden	O
Syrian	B-SPEC
hamsters	I-SPEC
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
gene	O
7	O
products	O
are	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Using	O
functional	O
genomics	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
early	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
adolescent	O
cynomolgus	O
macaques	B-SPEC
(	O
Macaca	B-SPEC
fascicularis	I-SPEC
)	O
that	O
show	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
similar	O
to	O
that	O
observed	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
adults	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
gene	O
signatures	O
revealed	O
induction	O
of	O
a	O
strong	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
stimulation	O
of	O
various	O
cytokine	O
and	O
chemokine	O
genes	O
,	O
including	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
6	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
,	O
which	O
corresponds	O
to	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
seen	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
the	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
and	O
quantification	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
assay	O
may	O
also	O
prove	O
useful	O
for	O
detecting	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
ultimately	O
leading	O
to	O
better	O
disease	O
control	O
on	O
farms	O
.	O

Within	O
1	O
h	O
,	O
17	O
particles	O
were	O
bound	O
per	O
cell	B-COMP
and	O
,	O
within	O
1	O
min	O
,	O
89	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
bound	O
particles	O
were	O
internalized	O
.	O

In	O
CrFK	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
attachment	O
and	O
internalization	O
were	O
less	O
efficient	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
FIPV	O
I	O
(	O
Black	O
),	O
so	O
this	O
cell	O
line	O
is	O
not	O
suitable	O
for	O
studying	O
FIPV	O
entry	O
.	O

Literature	O
was	O
identified	O
through	O
MEDLINE	O
(	O
1966	O
-	O
April	O
2007	O
)	O
using	O
combinations	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
words	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
,	O
adrenal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
cortisol	B-CHED
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
using	O
extended	O
courses	O
of	O
low	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
moderate	O
doses	O
of	O
steroids	B-CHED
have	O
found	O
favorable	O
results	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
must	O
be	O
interpreted	O
with	O
caution	O
due	O
to	O
limitations	O
in	O
the	O
data	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
logical	O
to	O
assume	O
that	O
increasing	O
the	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
dosage	O
would	O
minimize	O
uremic	O
complications	O
and	O
improve	O
outcomes	O
in	O
such	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
the	O
autophagy	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
ATG5	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Review	O
of	O
retention	B-PROC
strategies	O
in	O
longitudinal	O
studies	O
and	O
application	O
to	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
ICU	O
survivors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
On	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
transmission	O
dynamics	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
propose	O
a	O
compartmental	O
disease	O
transmission	O
model	O
with	O
an	O
asymptomatic	O
(	O
or	O
subclinical	O
)	O
infective	O
class	B-SPEC
to	O
study	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
transmission	O
dynamics	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
with	O
asymptomatic	O
infectives	O
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
but	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
HCoVs	O
corresponded	O
to	O
the	O
newly	O
recognized	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
>	O
20	O
different	O
serotypes	O
of	O
HRVs	O
were	O
detected	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
5	O
divergent	O
isolates	O
that	O
formed	O
a	O
distinct	O
genetic	O
subgroup	O
.	O

The	O
light	O
,	O
scanning	O
,	O
and	O
transmission	O
electron	O
microscopic	O
changes	O
in	O
infected	O
shell	B-ANAT
-	O
forming	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
were	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
oviducts	B-ANAT
at	O
different	O
egg	B-ANAT
positions	O
.	O

The	O
T	O
strain	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
more	O
pathogenic	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
N1	O
/	O
88	O
strain	O
.	O

Severe	O
cytopathology	O
was	O
recorded	O
in	O
the	O
shell	O
-	O
forming	O
region	O
of	O
hens	O
that	O
were	O
out	O
of	O
production	O
,	O
and	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
were	O
observed	O
in	O
hens	O
that	O
had	O
stopped	O
laying	O
.	O

Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
mannosidases	O
in	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
rendered	O
the	O
progeny	O
viruses	B-SPEC
more	O
sensitive	O
to	O
the	O
mannose	B-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
agents	O
and	O
even	O
to	O
the	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylglucosamine	I-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
UDA	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
coronaviruses	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
type	O
used	O
to	O
grow	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
stocks	O
.	O

All	O
together	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
CBA	B-CHED
exhibit	O
promising	O
capabilities	O
to	O
inhibit	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Together	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
suppresses	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
activity	O
probably	O
through	O
a	O
direct	O
interaction	O
with	O
IKKbeta	B-PRGE
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
lower	O
Cox	O
-	O
2	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
SARS	O
crisis	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
40	O
-	O
60	O
%	O
infected	O
patients	O
,	O
at	O
some	O
stages	O
of	O
their	O
treatment	O
,	O
received	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
treatment	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
modern	O
medicine	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

A	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
publications	O
during	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
crisis	O
enabled	O
us	O
to	O
get	O
an	O
objective	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
true	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
therapy	O
using	O
Chinese	O
medicinal	O
herbs	O
.	O

Positive	O
effects	O
using	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
herbal	O
therapy	O
included	O
better	O
control	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
quicker	O
clearance	O
of	O
chest	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
lesser	O
consumption	O
of	O
steroids	B-CHED
and	O
other	O
symptoms	O
relief	O
.	O

Identification	O
of	O
functional	O
dominant	O
epitopes	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
for	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
further	O
understanding	O
of	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
elicited	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
S	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
a	O
pool	O
of	O
17	O
-	O
19	O
mers	O
overlapped	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
served	O
as	O
immunogens	O
,	O
were	O
scanned	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
specific	O
epitopes	O
for	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
diverse	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
revealed	O
the	O
complex	O
manner	O
by	O
which	O
coronaviruses	O
affect	O
cellular	B-PROC
homeostasis	I-PROC
and	O
modulate	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
was	O
strongly	O
attenuated	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
an	O
intact	O
IFN	B-PRGE
response	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
newly	O
emerged	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
)	O
designated	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	B-SPEC
.	O
The	O
virus	B-SPEC
utilizes	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
receptor	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
clearly	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
both	O
proteins	B-CHED
serve	O
as	O
receptors	O
independently	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
and	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
minimal	O
level	O
of	O
synergy	O
between	O
DC	O
/	O
L	O
-	O
SIGN	O
and	O
ACE2	O
.	O

Site	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
directed	I-PROC
mutagenesis	I-PROC
analyses	O
have	O
identified	O
seven	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
on	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
critical	O
for	O
DC	O
/	O
L	O
-	O
SIGN	O
-	O
mediated	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

Of	O
240	O
patients	O
registered	O
with	O
SCD	B-DISO
,	O
52	O
(	O
22	O
%)	O
developed	O
55	O
episodes	O
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
chest	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
tachypnoea	B-DISO
,	O
reduced	O
breath	B-ANAT
sounds	O
,	O
crackles	B-DISO
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
opacities	B-DISO
were	O
the	O
main	O
manifestations	O
.	O

ACS	B-FUNC
is	O
common	O
in	O
SCD	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
distribution	O
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
during	O
the	O
year	O
was	O
bimodal	O
,	O
peaking	O
in	O
May	O
and	O
September	O
and	O
at	O
its	O
lowest	O
in	O
June	O
and	O
December	O
/	O
January	O
.	O

Sedation	B-DISO
was	O
usually	O
administered	O
as	O
an	O
intermittent	O
intravenous	O
bolus	O
,	O
outside	O
of	O
a	O
protocol	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
assessed	O
by	O
nurses	O
using	O
clinical	O
end	O
points	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
sedation	B-DISO
scale	O
.	O

Most	O
physicians	O
infrequently	O
use	O
sedation	B-DISO
and	O
analgesic	B-CHED
therapy	O
for	O
NPPV	O
to	O
treat	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
practices	O
vary	O
widely	O
within	O
and	O
between	O
specialties	O
and	O
geographic	O
regions	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
important	O
gaps	O
in	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
tropical	O
countries	O
.	O

Between	O
September	O
19	O
and	O
December	O
31	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
64	O
suspected	O
cases	O
of	O
ARD	B-ENZY
were	O
reported	O
;	O
of	O
these	O
reported	O
cases	O
,	O
21	O
(	O
33	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Individual	O
cases	O
were	O
analyzed	O
for	O
sex	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
race	O
,	O
circumstances	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
social	O
background	O
of	O
the	O
deceased	B-PROC
and	O
previous	O
medical	O
history	O
,	O
seasonal	O
occurrence	O
of	O
the	O
disease	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
blood	I-DISO
alcohol	O
concentration	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
,	O
autopsy	O
findings	O
,	O
histopathology	O
,	O
and	O
etiology	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

Data	O
derived	O
from	O
medicolegal	O
autopsy	O
studies	O
should	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
future	O
population	O
-	O
based	O
studies	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

Radiographic	O
appearances	O
include	O
bilateral	O
patchy	O
air	B-CHED
space	O
and	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
opacities	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
reproduction	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
continuous	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
at	O
a	O
temperature	O
of	O
34	O
degrees	O
C	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	B-DISO
severe	I-DISO
asthma	I-DISO
in	O
infants	O
.	O

Before	O
admission	O
,	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
were	O
not	O
instituted	O
in	O
84	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
received	O
beta2	O
adrenergic	O
and	O
intravenous	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

There	O
were	O
2	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
PGAR	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
on	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
pathogenicity	O
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
six	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
-	O
deprived	O
,	O
one	O
-	O
day	O
old	O
,	O
Large	B-SPEC
White	I-SPEC
-	O
Duroc	O
crossbred	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
four	O
equal	O
groups	O
:	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
/	O
PGAR	B-PRGE
,	O
PGAR	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
control	O
groups	O
.	O

RFLP	O
patterns	O
in	O
11	O
of	O
13	O
field	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
using	O
AspLEI	O
,	O
HgaI	O
and	O
MspR9I	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nuclear	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
3	O
from	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
dose	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylcysteine	I-CHED
to	O
prevent	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
in	O
partial	O
or	O
total	O
transthoracic	O
esophagectomy	O
:	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
prospective	O
observational	O
study	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
uncertain	O
whether	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
evades	O
host	B-COMP
detection	O
or	O
has	O
evolved	O
mechanisms	O
to	O
counteract	O
innate	O
host	B-COMP
defenses	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
blocked	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
and	O
the	O
up	O
-	O
regulation	O
of	O
protein	O
expression	O
of	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
stimulated	O
genes	O
triggered	O
by	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
or	O
an	O
unrelated	O
paramyxovirus	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Immunisation	O
strategies	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)].	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
results	O
from	O
a	O
pilot	O
study	O
using	O
400	O
NPAs	O
from	O
all	O
age	O
groups	O
,	O
a	O
prospective	O
12	O
-	O
month	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
detect	O
HBoV	O
in	O
1	O
,	O
200	O
NPAs	O
and	O
1	O
,	O
435	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
patients	O
<	O
18	O
years	O
old	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

Codetection	O
with	O
other	O
pathogens	O
occurred	O
in	O
33	O
%	O
and	O
56	O
%	O
of	O
NPAs	O
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
HBoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
single	O
lineage	O
of	O
HBoV	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
both	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
enteric	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Included	O
studies	O
must	O
have	O
a	O
comparative	O
arm	B-ANAT
of	O
formula	O
feeding	O
or	O
different	O
durations	O
of	O
breastfeeding	B-PROC
.	O

Also	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
of	O
evidence	O
across	O
different	O
health	O
outcomes	O
.	O

The	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
particularly	O
presented	O
propitious	O
circumstances	O
for	O
reconsidering	O
this	O
issue	O
.	O

Status	B-DISO
epilepticus	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
one	O
patient	O
but	O
seizure	B-DISO
clusters	B-CHED
were	O
not	O
encountered	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
seizures	B-DISO
in	O
FIP	B-DISO
indicates	O
extensive	O
brain	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
can	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
be	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
unfavourable	O
prognostic	O
sign	O
.	O

Presently	O
,	O
we	O
hypothesize	O
two	O
roles	O
for	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
masked	O
analogues	O
:	O
One	O
is	O
the	O
role	O
as	O
an	O
anti	O
-	O
HCV	B-SPEC
agent	O
by	O
itself	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
is	O
as	O
a	O
prodrug	B-CHED
of	O
its	O
5	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
demasked	O
(	O
deprotected	O
)	O
derivative	O
.	O

Several	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
GS	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
causal	O
relationship	O
is	O
unclear	O
.	O

The	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
housed	O
together	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
flea	B-SPEC
exposure	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
a	O
modified	O
live	O
FVRCP	O
product	O
.	O

Abnormality	O
rate	O
of	O
DLCO	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
within	O
three	O
years	O
after	O
discharge	B-ANAT
was	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
(	O
32	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
5	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
but	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
FVC	B-PROC
,	O
VC	O
,	O
25	O
%-	O
75	O
%	O
FEF	O
among	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
discharged	O
one	O
month	O
and	O
three	O
years	O
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
(	O
all	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Because	O
several	O
viruses	B-SPEC
induce	O
IFN	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
alpha	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
,	O
severe	O
courses	O
of	O
herpes	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
nonimmunocompromised	O
patients	O
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
numerical	O
or	O
functional	O
PDC	B-DISO
deficits	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
this	O
hypothesis	O
,	O
PBMC	O
and	O
PDC	B-DISO
were	O
repeatedly	O
isolated	O
from	O
nine	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
retinal	I-DISO
necrosis	B-PROC
(	O
ARN	O
),	O
caused	O
by	O
herpes	B-DISO
simplex	I-DISO
or	O
varicella	B-SPEC
zoster	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
median	O
percentage	O
of	O
isolated	O
PDC	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
patients	O
compared	O
with	O
18	O
age	O
-	O
matched	O
healthy	O
controls	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
confirmed	O
by	O
FACS	O
analysis	O
using	O
peripheral	O
blood	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
extremely	O
low	O
during	O
acute	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

PDC	B-DISO
counts	O
dropped	O
in	O
five	O
controls	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
or	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
challenge	O
for	O
the	O
3rd	O
millennium	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
),	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
transfection	B-PROC
with	O
the	O
vasculoprotective	O
gene	O
angiopoietin	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
ANGPT1	B-PRGE
)	O
would	O
have	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
in	O
experimental	O
ALI	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhoea	B-DISO
bovine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
circulating	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
during	O
2004	O
-	O
2005	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
indicated	O
that	O
10	O
Korean	O
CD	O
BCoV	O
strains	O
clustered	O
with	O
other	O
Korean	O
BCoV	O
strains	O
with	O
different	O
clinical	O
forms	O
but	O
were	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
American	O
and	O
Canadian	O
BCoV	O
strains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rat	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
infect	O
rat	B-SPEC
alveolar	B-ANAT
type	O
I	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
induce	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CXC	O
chemokines	O
.	O

Replacement	O
of	O
conserved	O
MHV	B-SPEC
ExoN	O
active	O
-	O
site	O
residues	O
with	O
alanines	O
resulted	O
in	O
viable	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
defects	O
that	O
during	O
passage	O
accumulated	O
15	O
-	O
fold	O
more	O
mutations	O
than	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
virus	B-SPEC
without	O
changes	O
in	O
growth	O
fitness	O
.	O

HFOV	O
did	O
not	O
cause	O
unmanageable	O
or	O
sustained	O
increases	O
in	O
ICP	B-DISO
in	O
our	O
series	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

It	O
appears	O
HFOV	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
relatively	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
means	O
of	O
oxygenating	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	O
and	O
concomitant	O
hICP	O
secondary	O
to	O
acute	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
describe	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
HFOV	O
on	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
intracranial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
in	O
five	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
being	O
treated	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Both	O
the	O
MS2	O
and	O
adenovirus	O
aerosols	O
were	O
very	O
resistant	O
to	O
UV	O
air	B-CHED
disinfection	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
reduction	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
1	O
logarithm	O
in	O
viable	O
viral	O
aerosols	O
at	O
a	O
UV	O
dose	O
of	O
2608	O
microW	O
s	O
/	O
cm2	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
explain	O
this	O
phenomenon	O
,	O
2	O
hypotheses	O
were	O
formulated	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
2nd	O
pathogen	O
could	O
be	O
exacerbating	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
circovirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
PCV	B-CHED
-	O
2	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
2	O
)	O
a	O
new	O
and	O
more	O
virulent	O
PCV	B-CHED
-	O
2	O
strain	O
could	O
be	O
infecting	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
PCR	O
detection	O
results	O
obtained	O
for	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
revealed	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
61	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
30	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
for	O
swine	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
15	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
parvovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
69	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
for	O
swine	B-SPEC
torque	B-SPEC
teno	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
swTTV	O
),	O
38	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
for	O
swine	B-SPEC
hepatitis	B-SPEC
E	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
swHEV	O
)	O
and	O
84	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
for	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
hyorhinis	I-SPEC
;	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
/	O
PRCV	O
)	O
was	O
not	O
detected	O
.	O

Sequences	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
genome	O
revealed	O
that	O
these	O
PCV	B-CHED
-	O
2	O
strains	O
belonged	O
to	O
a	O
genotype	O
(	O
named	O
PCV	B-CHED
-	O
2b	O
)	O
that	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
Canada	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Direct	O
injury	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
by	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
if	O
mRNA	B-CHED
secondary	O
structure	O
improves	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
complex	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
a	O
pseudoknot	O
,	O
originating	O
from	O
the	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
group	I-SPEC
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
included	O
age	O
,	O
chronic	O
comorbidity	O
of	O
malignant	B-DISO
neoplasm	I-DISO
,	O
Gram	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
positive	I-DISO
bacterial	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
invasive	O
fungal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
admission	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
Score	O
,	O
and	O
admission	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
score	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
and	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
detected	O
for	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
by	O
ELISA	O
and	O
neutralized	O
test	O
simultaneously	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
decreased	O
to	O
a	O
lower	O
level	O
on	O
the	O
35th	O
month	O
.	O

RSV	B-PRGE
,	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	O
,	O
and	O
Influenza	B-DISO
B	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
13	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
54	O
),	O
5	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
20	O
),	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
),	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
7	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
four	O
(	O
36	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
patients	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
other	O
viral	O
pathogen	O
was	O
found	O
(	O
plus	O
RSV	B-PRGE
n	I-PRGE
=	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
;	O
27	O
.	O
3	O
%;	O
Norovirus	B-SPEC
n	O
=	O
1	O
;	O
9	O
.	O
1	O
%).	O

The	O
recent	O
use	O
of	O
more	O
potent	O
immunosuppressive	O
drug	O
regimens	O
has	O
reduced	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
acute	O
rejection	O
,	O
increasing	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
infectious	B-DISO
complications	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
clinically	O
important	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
risk	O
of	O
lethal	O
CMV	B-DISO
colitis	I-DISO
is	O
increased	O
in	O
patients	O
being	O
treated	O
with	O
anti	O
-	O
rejection	O
therapy	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	O
rejection	O
;	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
simultaneous	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
pseudomembranous	B-DISO
colitis	I-DISO
,	O
usually	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
favorable	O
prognosis	O
,	O
increases	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

Both	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
became	O
N	O
glycosylated	O
,	O
while	O
their	O
amino	O
and	O
carboxy	B-CHED
termini	O
were	O
localized	O
to	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

nsp4	B-PRGE
present	O
in	O
these	O
complexes	O
did	O
not	O
colocalize	O
with	O
markers	O
of	O
the	O
ER	O
or	O
Golgi	B-COMP
apparatus	I-COMP
,	O
while	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
its	O
sugars	O
to	O
endoglycosidase	O
H	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
had	O
also	O
not	O
traveled	O
trough	O
the	O
latter	O
compartment	B-ANAT
.	O

nsp4	B-PRGE
contains	O
four	O
predicted	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
-	O
spanning	O
regions	O
(	O
TM1	O
,	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
-	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
-	O
4	O
),	O
demonstrates	O
characteristics	O
of	O
an	O
integral	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
is	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
and	O
function	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
complexes	O
on	O
cellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
COQ2	B-PRGE
nephropathy	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
newly	O
described	O
inherited	O
mitochondriopathy	O
with	O
primary	O
renal	B-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
retrospectively	O
evaluate	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
total	O
lymphoid	O
irradiation	O
(	O
TLI	O
)-	O
based	O
reconditioning	O
regimens	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
graft	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
or	O
graft	B-PROC
rejection	I-PROC
after	O
allogeneic	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
14	O
recipients	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
from	O
11	O
were	O
evaluable	B-DISO
for	O
engraftment	B-PROC
after	O
TLI	O
-	O
based	O
reconditioning	O
because	O
3	O
adults	O
died	B-PROC
early	O
(	O
at	O
Day	O
2	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
and	O
15	O
)	O
after	O
the	O
second	O
transplantation	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
complications	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Parental	O
response	O
to	O
child	O
'	O
s	O
isolation	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
examine	O
the	O
needs	O
,	O
uncertainties	O
,	O
and	O
experiences	O
of	O
parents	O
during	O
their	O
child	O
'	O
s	O
hospitalization	O
with	O
highly	O
suspected	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
HSS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
to	O
identify	O
ways	O
to	O
improve	O
their	O
psychological	B-DISO
preparedness	O
and	O
communication	O
with	O
health	O
care	O
professionals	O
and	O
their	O
isolated	O
children	O
during	O
future	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Seven	O
novel	O
gammaherpesviruses	O
(	O
GHV	O
)	O
and	O
one	O
novel	O
betaherpesvirus	O
were	O
discovered	O
in	O
seven	O
different	O
European	O
bat	O
species	B-SPEC
(	O
order	B-SPEC
Chiroptera	I-SPEC
,	O
family	B-SPEC
Vespertilionidae	I-SPEC
)	O
with	O
a	O
pan	B-COMP
-	O
herpesvirus	B-SPEC
PCR	O
assay	O
,	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
DNA	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
DPOL	O
)	O
gene	O
.	O

Flow	O
cytometric	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
both	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
involved	O
in	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
were	O
central	O
memory	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
with	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CD45RO	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CCR7	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
CD62L	I-PRGE
-.	O

This	O
data	O
may	O
have	O
important	O
implication	O
for	O
developing	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccines	O
.	O

Differences	O
in	O
viral	B-ANAT
structure	I-ANAT
and	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
prompted	O
us	O
to	O
postulate	O
that	O
innate	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
would	O
be	O
markedly	O
different	O
following	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
was	O
profiled	O
at	O
18	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
using	O
bovine	B-SPEC
cDNA	O
microarrays	O
;	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
significant	O
genes	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
cell	O
cycle	O
and	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

Both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
also	O
downregulated	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
and	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokine	O
-	O
associated	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

Among	O
the	O
genes	O
upregulated	O
by	O
ricin	B-FUNC
and	O
identified	O
by	O
microarray	O
analysis	O
were	O
those	O
associated	O
with	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
nucleosome	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
response	B-PROC
to	I-PROC
stress	I-PROC
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
promoters	O
of	O
these	O
genes	O
identified	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
transcription	O
factors	O
whose	O
binding	B-FUNC
sites	O
were	O
overrepresented	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
RNA	B-PROC
interference	I-PROC
(	O
RNAi	B-PROC
)	O
is	O
an	O
evolutionally	O
conserved	O
gene	O
silencing	O
mechanism	O
present	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
eukaryotic	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
strategies	O
,	O
hurdles	O
and	O
prospects	O
of	O
employing	O
RNAi	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
pharmaceutical	B-CHED
industry	O
are	O
also	O
discussed	O
.	O

Both	O
vaccinated	O
and	O
control	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
challenged	O
two	O
weeks	O
after	O
the	O
second	O
vaccination	O
with	O
a	O
field	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strain	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
for	O
serological	O
tests	O
before	O
vaccination	O
and	O
at	O
weekly	O
intervals	O
after	O
vaccinations	O
and	O
challenge	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
faecal	O
samples	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
or	O
second	O
vaccinations	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
assays	O
and	O
PCR	O
.	O

Significantly	O
,	O
the	O
vaccinated	O
dogs	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
have	O
clinical	O
signs	O
after	O
challenge	O
and	O
no	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
paper	O
attempts	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
global	O
concern	O
of	O
the	O
possible	O
pandemic	O
of	O
influenza	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
underlying	O
mechanism	O
for	O
the	O
extreme	O
codon	O
usage	O
bias	B-SPEC
,	O
cytosine	B-CHED
deamination	O
and	O
G	O
+	O
C	O
content	O
in	O
CoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
warrants	O
further	O
studies	O
.	O

A	O
self	O
-	O
administered	O
questionnaire	O
was	O
delivered	O
to	O
nurses	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
to	O
assess	O
their	O
attitude	O
towards	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
;	O
risk	O
perception	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
relationships	O
with	O
previous	O
level	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

High	O
exposure	O
nurses	O
were	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
avoid	O
patients	O
,	O
less	O
inclined	O
to	O
change	O
their	O
job	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
required	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
infected	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
therefore	O
a	O
more	O
positive	O
attitude	O
towards	O
an	O
impending	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	B-DISO
epidemic	I-DISO
.	O

Respondents	O
were	O
classified	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
:	O
high	O
exposure	O
(	O
44	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
and	O
low	O
exposure	O
(	O
55	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
as	O
defined	O
by	O
having	O
worked	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
ward	O
or	O
hospitals	O
.	O

Randomised	O
,	O
controlled	O
trials	O
are	O
limited	O
in	O
BD	O
,	O
but	O
those	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
conducted	O
have	O
documented	O
favourable	O
effects	O
of	O
colchicine	B-CHED
,	O
ciclosporin	B-CHED
,	O
azathioprine	B-CHED
,	O
thalidomide	B-CHED
,	O
dapsone	B-CHED
,	O
depot	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
,	O
rebamipide	O
,	O
sucralfate	O
,	O
benzathine	B-CHED
benzylpenicillin	I-CHED
,	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2a	I-PRGE
and	O
etanercept	O
for	O
various	O
BD	O
manifestations	O
.	O

Although	O
no	O
randomised	O
,	O
controlled	O
trials	O
are	O
yet	O
available	O
,	O
results	O
of	O
open	O
studies	O
with	O
both	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
infliximab	O
are	O
promising	O
for	O
those	O
patients	O
with	O
disease	O
resistant	O
to	O
conventional	O
immunosuppressive	O
treatments	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
of	O
Glycyrrhiza	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
Glycyrrhiza	B-SPEC
glabra	I-SPEC
derived	O
compound	O
glycyrrhizin	B-CHED
and	O
its	O
derivatives	O
reduced	O
hepatocellular	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
in	O
chronic	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
B	I-DISO
and	O
C	O
.	O
In	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
the	O
risk	O
of	O
hepatocellular	B-DISO
carcinoma	I-DISO
was	O
reduced	O
.	O

Animal	B-SPEC
studies	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
reduction	O
of	O
mortality	O
and	O
viral	O
activity	O
in	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
encephalitis	B-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Prior	O
to	O
our	O
study	O
,	O
several	O
cases	O
of	O
neonatal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
observed	O
in	O
infants	O
born	O
at	O
our	O
hospital	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
For	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
the	O
percentages	O
of	O
seropositive	O
individuals	O
were	O
57	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
for	O
infants	O
<	O
2	O
months	O
old	O
;	O
38	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
for	O
infants	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
months	O
old	O
;	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
for	O
infants	O
4	O
-	O
5	O
months	O
old	O
;	O
42	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
50	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
for	O
infants	O
6	O
-	O
12	O
months	O
old	O
;	O
34	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
62	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
for	O
individuals	O
1	O
-	O
20	O
years	O
old	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
Devic	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
neuromyelitis	I-DISO
optica	I-DISO
has	O
also	O
been	O
seen	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
recombinant	O
vaccinia	O
virus	O
(	O
rWR	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
)	O
expressing	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
constructed	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
tree	O
based	O
on	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
M	O
genes	O
from	O
20	O
Chinese	O
isolates	O
and	O
34	O
reference	O
strains	O
showed	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
classified	O
into	O
five	O
distinct	O
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

Molecular	O
modeling	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
catalytic	O
residues	O
of	O
mNsp15	O
are	O
superimposable	O
with	O
its	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
ortholog	O
.	O

All	O
four	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
formed	O
plaques	B-DISO
with	O
diameters	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
1000	O
(	O
WT	O
virus	B-SPEC
)	O
on	O
several	O
different	O
cell	O
lines	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
mNsp15	O
in	O
trans	O
by	O
transient	O
transfection	B-PROC
partially	O
restored	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
by	O
vH262A	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Concerning	O
lymphocyte	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
,	O
there	O
were	O
some	O
previous	O
studies	O
reported	O
the	O
low	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Five	O
available	O
reports	O
concerning	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
among	O
different	O
populations	O
were	O
selected	O
for	O
further	O
analysis	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
overall	O
prevalence	O
rate	O
of	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
77	O
.	O
2	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
serious	O
disorder	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
levels	O
of	O
plasma	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
concentration	O
at	O
enrolment	O
,	O
24	O
hours	O
and	O
72	O
hours	O
after	O
enrolment	O
also	O
predicted	O
the	O
14th	O
day	O
mortality	O
of	O
all	O
patients	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
swaddling	O
does	O
not	O
influence	O
rickets	B-DISO
onset	O
or	O
bone	B-ANAT
properties	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
CoVDB	O
:	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
database	O
for	O
comparative	O
analysis	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genes	O
and	O
genomes	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
with	O
complete	O
genomes	O
available	O
has	O
increased	O
from	O
9	O
in	O
2003	O
to	O
25	O
in	O
2007	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
six	O
,	O
including	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU1	O
,	O
bat	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	I-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
bat	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
HKU2	I-SPEC
,	O
groups	O
2c	O
and	O
2d	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
were	O
sequenced	O
by	O
our	O
laboratory	O
.	O

The	O
N	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
fragments	O
comprising	O
aa	O
360	O
to	O
412	O
and	O
aa	O
1	O
to	O
213	O
reacted	O
specifically	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
convalescent	O
-	O
phase	O
sera	B-COMP
but	O
not	O
with	O
negative	O
human	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
in	O
ELISA	O
;	O
the	O
fragment	O
comprising	O
aa	O
1	O
to	O
213	O
cross	O
-	O
reacted	O
with	O
antisera	O
to	O
animal	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
fragment	O
comprising	O
aa	O
360	O
to	O
412	O
did	O
not	O
cross	O
-	O
react	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
candidate	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
.	O

Identification	O
of	O
the	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reactive	I-PROC
and	O
non	O
-	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reactive	I-PROC
N	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
regions	O
allows	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
assays	O
for	O
screening	O
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mutation	O
within	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
can	O
effectively	O
abrogate	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
(	O
CTL	B-ANAT
)	O
recognition	O
and	O
impede	O
virus	B-SPEC
clearance	O
in	O
infected	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
whether	O
genetic	O
factors	O
of	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
might	O
influence	O
susceptibility	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
progression	O
in	O
individuals	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
evaluated	O
the	O
CD14	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
polymorphism	O
in	O
198	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
blood	B-ANAT
donors	O
and	O
152	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
previously	O
genotyped	O
for	O
FcgammaRIIA	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Biological	O
and	O
genetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
bovine	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
water	B-SPEC
buffalo	I-SPEC
(	O
Bubalus	B-SPEC
bubalis	I-SPEC
)	O
calves	O
.	O

By	O
conventional	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
of	O
two	O
20	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
buffalo	O
calves	O
dead	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
enteritis	B-DISO
and	O
in	O
the	O
feces	B-ANAT
of	O
additional	O
17	O
buffalo	O
calves	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
genetic	O
distance	O
between	O
BuCoV	O
and	O
BCoV	O
was	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
same	O
or	O
even	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
distance	O
between	O
other	O
ruminant	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
and	O
BCoV	O
.	O
In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
support	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
range	O
variant	O
of	O
BCoV	O
associated	O
with	O
enteritis	B-DISO
in	O
buffaloes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
variants	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
strain	O
JHM	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
JHM	O
),	O
provide	O
models	O
of	O
acute	O
and	O
chronic	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
).	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
variation	O
and	O
neurovirulence	O
with	O
host	B-COMP
ability	O
to	O
generate	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
CD8	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
is	O
not	O
completely	O
clear	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fatal	O
winter	B-DISO
dysentery	I-DISO
with	O
severe	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
adult	O
cow	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
does	O
not	O
worsen	O
mortality	O
or	O
discharge	B-ANAT
disability	O
in	O
blunt	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Among	O
362	O
TBI	O
patients	O
,	O
28	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
developed	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
panel	O
for	O
the	O
recognized	O
HCoV	O
types	O
and	O
compared	O
HCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
outpatients	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
asymptomatic	O
control	O
patients	O
between	O
September	O
2003	O
and	O
August	O
2005	O
.	O

HCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
infrequently	O
detected	O
in	O
rural	O
Thailand	O
by	O
use	O
of	O
sensitive	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
utility	O
of	O
preemptive	O
mass	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
in	O
controlling	O
a	O
sars	B-DISO
outbreak	O
during	O
flu	B-DISO
season	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
flu	B-DISO
season	O
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
can	O
cause	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
-	O
illnesses	O
(	O
ILIs	O
)	O
in	O
up	O
to	O
one	O
-	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
.	O

Between	O
January	O
1998	O
and	O
December	O
2006	O
,	O
we	O
studied	O
42	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
treated	O
by	O
PP	O
to	O
correct	O
severe	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
impairment	B-DISO
(	O
Pao2	O
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
ratio	O
,	O
<	O
100	O
mm	O
Hg	O
).	O

RV	O
enlargement	B-DISO
was	O
measured	O
by	O
RV	O
/	O
left	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
(	O
LV	O
)	O
end	O
-	O
diastolic	O
area	O
ratio	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
axis	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
group	O
1	O
,	O
this	O
produced	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
mean	O
(+/-	O
SD	O
)	O
RV	O
enlargement	B-DISO
(	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
91	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
22	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
61	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
21	O
)	O
after	O
18	O
h	O
of	O
PP	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
mean	O
septal	O
dyskinesia	B-DISO
(	O
from	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
)	O
after	O
18	O
h	O
of	O
PP	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lung	O
involvement	O
is	O
rarely	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
DRESS	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
Drug	B-DISO
rash	I-DISO
with	I-DISO
eosinophilia	I-DISO
and	I-DISO
systemic	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
).	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
a	O
severe	O
minocycline	B-CHED
induced	O
hypersensitivity	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
initial	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
19	O
year	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
with	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
400C	O
),	O
lymph	B-ANAT
node	I-ANAT
enlargement	B-DISO
,	O
hepatomegaly	B-DISO
,	O
splenomegaly	O
and	O
eosinophilia	B-DISO
(	O
1640	O
/	O
mm3	O
).	O

Skin	B-ANAT
lesions	O
were	O
delayed	O
and	O
appeared	O
3	O
days	O
later	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
assess	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
adherence	O
to	O
recommended	O
barrier	O
precautions	O
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
providing	O
care	O
to	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Information	O
control	O
in	O
time	O
of	O
crisis	O
:	O
the	O
framing	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
China	O
-	O
based	O
newspapers	O
and	O
Internet	O
sources	O
.	O

In	O
both	O
lines	O
of	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
levels	O
were	O
elevated	O
in	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
at	O
4	O
d	O
postinfection	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
established	O
a	O
new	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	B-SPEC
hamster	I-SPEC
,	O
susceptible	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Kinetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
cluster	O
was	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
viral	O
RNA	O
.	O

Rescue	O
experiments	O
indicated	O
that	O
phosphorylated	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
recovered	O
infectious	B-DISO
IBV	B-SPEC
more	O
efficiently	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
modified	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
either	O
partially	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
phosphorylated	O
.	O

They	O
also	O
establish	O
a	O
structural	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
'	O
core	O
design	O
'	O
of	O
these	O
inhibitors	O
by	O
showing	O
that	O
the	O
3	O
-	O
chloropyridine	B-CHED
functions	O
common	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
tend	O
to	O
cluster	O
in	O
the	O
S1	O
specificity	O
pocket	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cloning	O
and	O
further	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
ORF3	O
gene	O
of	O
wild	O
-	O
and	O
attenuated	O
-	O
type	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
coding	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
ORF3	O
gene	O
of	O
attenuated	O
-	O
type	O
PEDVs	O
including	O
attenuated	O
DR13	O
,	O
KPED	O
-	O
9	O
,	O
and	O
P	O
-	O
5V	O
had	O
51	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
deletions	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
ORF3	O
genes	O
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
PEDVs	O
including	O
CV777	O
,	O
Br1	O
/	O
87	O
,	O
LZC	O
,	O
parent	O
DR13	O
,	O
and	O
12	O
field	O
samples	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
51	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
deletions	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
meaningful	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
significant	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
pathogenicity	O
,	O
because	O
they	O
lead	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
predicted	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
attenuated	O
-	O
type	O
PEDVs	O
.	O

Since	O
avian	B-PRGE
influenza	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
produces	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
with	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
rates	O
,	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
and	O
its	O
consequences	O
attract	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
attention	O
,	O
recently	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
data	O
up	O
until	O
January	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
confirmed	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
was	O
270	O
(	O
164	O
death	B-PROC
).	O

The	O
transmission	O
of	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
is	O
by	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
infected	O
birds	B-SPEC
and	O
poultry	O
,	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
their	O
secretions	B-ANAT
or	O
contaminated	O
fomites	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
article	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
protection	O
have	O
been	O
discussed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
as	O
an	O
agent	O
of	O
emerging	O
and	O
reemerging	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

CD11c	B-PRGE
(+)	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
infected	O
CNS	B-CHED
exhibit	O
variable	O
properties	O
of	O
immature	O
antigen	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
presenting	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
APCs	B-DISO
),	O
with	O
modestly	O
increased	O
CD40	B-PRGE
and	O
MHC	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
equivalent	O
potent	O
antigen	B-CHED
uptake	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
CD11c	O
(-)	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
chronic	O
CNS	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
results	O
in	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
CD11c	B-PRGE
-	O
expressing	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
that	O
exhibit	O
properties	O
of	O
immature	O
APCs	B-DISO
,	O
are	O
closely	O
associated	O
with	O
areas	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
may	O
act	O
as	O
final	O
effectors	O
of	O
myelin	B-COMP
destruction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Co	O
-	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
during	O
a	O
major	O
nosocomial	O
SARS	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
clinico	O
-	O
epidemiological	O
significance	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
)	O
detected	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
peptides	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
the	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
(	O
HRP	O
)	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SCoV	B-SPEC
)	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
sHRPs	O
)	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
inhibit	O
SCoV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
yet	O
their	O
efficacies	O
are	O
fairly	O
low	O
.	O

The	O
incremental	O
effect	O
of	O
adding	O
virucidals	O
or	O
antiseptics	O
to	O
normal	O
handwashing	O
to	O
decrease	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
remains	O
uncertain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
:	O
what	O
do	O
they	O
cause	O
?	O

TITLE	O
:	O
VII	O
International	O
Symposium	O
on	O
Respiratory	O
Viral	B-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
effort	B-PROC
is	O
to	O
draft	O
our	O
guidelines	O
of	O
combining	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
and	O
western	O
medicine	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
supplement	O
to	O
SSC	O
guidelines	O
.	O

These	O
include	O
the	O
Asian	O
tsunami	O
which	O
devastated	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
countries	O
around	O
the	O
rim	O
of	O
the	O
Indian	O
Ocean	O
in	O
December	O
2004	O
,	O
extensive	O
flooding	O
in	O
many	O
parts	O
of	O
Europe	O
in	O
August	O
2005	O
,	O
hurricane	O
katrina	O
(	O
September	O
2005	O
),	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
many	O
regions	O
of	O
Asia	O
and	O
Canada	O
in	O
2003	O
and	O
the	O
Pakistan	O
earthquake	O
(	O
towards	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2005	O
).	O

Three	O
potential	O
caveolin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
sites	I-PRGE
were	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Studies	O
have	O
shown	O
potential	O
for	O
benefit	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
in	O
newborns	O
with	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
,	O
surfactant	B-CHED
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
preterm	O
neonates	O
and	O
heliox	O
in	O
severe	O
upper	O
airway	O
obstruction	O
.	O

The	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
ARDS	B-DISO
might	O
occur	O
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
TBRF	O
than	O
previously	O
recognized	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
examinations	O
showed	O
increased	O
serum	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
content	O
and	O
decreased	O
albumin	B-PRGE
/	O
globulin	O
ratio	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
electrophoresis	O
revealed	O
increased	O
alpha	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
globulin	I-PRGE
content	O
.	O

FIP	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
demonstrated	O
immunohistochemically	O
in	O
penile	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
.	O

Differences	O
in	O
sperm	B-ANAT
analysis	O
among	O
treatment	O
groups	O
were	O
limited	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Ischemic	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
].	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
receptor	O
binding	O
and	O
subsequent	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
are	O
distinct	O
steps	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
each	O
spike	O
can	O
bind	B-FUNC
up	O
to	O
three	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
molecules	O
.	O

We	O
are	O
interested	O
in	O
understanding	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
controlling	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
on	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
previously	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
over	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
or	O
its	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
subunit	O
(	O
S2	O
)	O
is	O
sufficient	O
to	O
induce	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
-	O
related	O
anti	O
-	O
apoptotic	O
pathway	B-PROC
was	O
further	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
diminution	O
of	O
S2	O
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
over	O
-	O
expressing	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
xL	I-PRGE
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
modulation	O
of	O
CCN	B-CHED
E2	O
and	O
CDKN	O
1A	O
implied	O
the	O
possible	O
control	O
of	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
arrest	I-PROC
at	O
G1	O
/	O
S	B-PROC
phase	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clostridium	B-SPEC
difficile	I-SPEC
was	O
investigated	O
as	O
a	O
possible	O
cause	O
of	O
enteritis	B-DISO
in	O
calves	O
.	O

Salmonella	B-DISO
sp	O
.	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
both	O
diarrheic	O
and	O
nondiarrheic	O
calves	O
,	O
but	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
were	O
found	O
more	O
commonly	O
in	O
diarrheic	O
calves	O
than	O
in	O
nondiarrheic	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Prevalence	O
rates	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
sp	O
.	O
were	O
substantially	O
higher	O
in	O
nondiarrheic	O
calves	O
than	O
in	O
diarrheic	O
,	O
but	O
rates	O
of	O
detection	O
of	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Giardia	B-DISO
sp	O
.	O
were	O
more	O
nearly	O
equal	O
between	O
groups	O
.	O

Diagn	O
.,	O
St	O
.	O
Louis	O
,	O
MO	O
,	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
A	O
.]	O
and	O
add	B-DISO
strength	O
to	O
a	O
working	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
difficile	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
accompanying	O
intoxication	O
can	O
manifest	O
as	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
calves	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
contribution	O
of	O
DRAK2	O
[	O
death	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
protein	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
(	O
DAPK	B-PRGE
)-	O
related	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
-	O
inducing	O
kinase	O
2	O
]	O
to	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
memory	B-PROC
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
following	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
examined	O
.	O

A	O
vector	O
containing	O
a	O
fused	O
5	O
'	O
UTR	O
and	O
enhanced	O
green	O
fluorescent	O
protein	O
(	O
eGFP	O
)	O
was	O
co	O
-	O
transfected	O
with	O
the	O
DNAzyme	O
into	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
eGFP	O
were	O
visualized	O
with	O
fluorescence	O
microscopy	O
and	O
analyzed	O
by	O
fluorescence	O
-	O
activated	O
cell	B-COMP
sorting	B-PROC
(	O
FACS	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Negative	O
air	B-CHED
pressure	O
ventilation	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
maintain	O
adequate	O
functional	B-PROC
residual	I-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	O
muscular	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
to	O
decrease	O
transpulmonary	O
pressure	O
and	O
improve	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
during	O
right	B-ANAT
heart	I-ANAT
surgery	O
.	O

Physiological	O
and	O
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
data	O
were	O
compared	O
among	O
groups	O
using	O
analysis	O
of	O
variance	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Group	O
1	O
showed	O
significantly	O
higher	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
than	O
Group	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
same	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
significantly	O
higher	O
mean	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
compared	O
to	O
Group	O
3	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Adequate	O
CNEP	O
combined	O
with	O
HFO	O
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
less	O
impact	O
on	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
than	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
alone	O
in	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

At	O
days	O
3	O
and	O
7	O
postinoculation	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
replicated	O
more	O
efficiently	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
than	O
in	O
those	O
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
were	O
more	O
susceptible	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
than	O
were	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
susceptibility	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
pathologic	O
changes	O
that	O
resembled	O
human	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Caused	O
by	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
significant	O
fatality	O
that	O
emerged	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

A	O
few	O
such	O
segments	O
are	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
in	O
mRNAs	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
involved	O
in	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
signaling	I-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

Five	O
patients	O
out	O
of	O
ten	O
experienced	O
seven	O
DLTs	O
(	O
severe	O
esophagitis	B-DISO
,	O
asthenia	B-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
:	O
5	O
/	O
1	O
/	O
1	O
)	O
at	O
any	O
dose	O
-	O
level	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
basis	O
of	O
mercury	B-CHED
-	O
and	O
zinc	B-CHED
-	O
conjugated	O
complexes	O
as	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	B-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
are	O
critical	O
for	O
protection	O
of	O
hosts	B-COMP
from	O
clinical	O
illness	O
and	O
even	O
mortality	O
caused	O
by	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
pathogens	O
,	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanism	O
of	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
is	O
independent	O
of	O
systemic	O
immunity	B-PROC
,	O
remains	O
elusive	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
accompanied	O
or	O
immediately	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
potent	O
Th1	O
adaptive	O
immunity	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
signaling	O
molecules	O
,	O
surface	O
markers	O
,	O
and	O
effector	B-CHED
molecules	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
For	O
many	O
centuries	O
,	O
man	B-CHED
is	O
fascinated	O
by	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
only	O
flying	O
mammals	B-SPEC
.	O

Qualitative	O
content	O
analysis	O
of	O
12	O
emergency	B-DISO
plans	O
from	O
national	O
,	O
provincial	O
and	O
municipal	O
levels	O
were	O
conducted	O
using	O
NVIVO	O
software	O
.	O

While	O
support	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
HCWs	O
are	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
sample	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
plans	O
,	O
content	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
few	O
emotional	O
or	O
social	O
supports	O
planned	O
for	O
critical	O
personnel	O
;	O
particularly	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
will	O
be	O
required	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
extremely	O
stressful	O
conditions	O
under	O
significant	O
personal	O
risk	O
.	O

Dot	O
blot	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
purified	O
from	O
mammal	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
,	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
by	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Z	I-PRGE
sera	I-PRGE
from	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
iNO	B-PRGE
therapy	O
leads	O
to	O
an	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
without	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
side	O
effects	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
intracranial	I-DISO
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
or	O
acute	O
deterioration	O
)	O
in	O
premature	O
infants	O
with	O
severe	O
RDS	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
longitudinal	O
survey	O
to	O
detect	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
collected	O
from	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
in	O
eight	O
commercial	O
operations	O
and	O
one	O
research	O
facility	O
was	O
performed	O
using	O
molecular	O
detection	O
methods	O
.	O

The	O
samples	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
astrovirus	O
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCoV	O
)	O
by	O
a	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
and	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
),	O
and	O
for	O
groups	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
by	O
PCR	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
infected	O
birds	B-SPEC
with	O
one	O
group	O
of	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
the	O
methods	O
used	O
here	O
suggests	O
that	O
astrovirus	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
may	O
affect	O
production	O
.	O

Additional	O
chickens	B-SPEC
of	O
both	O
genotypes	O
served	O
as	O
unvaccinated	O
/	O
challenged	O
and	O
unvaccinated	O
/	O
nonchallenged	O
controls	O
.	O

With	O
respect	O
to	O
the	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
,	O
the	O
Korean	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
had	O
71	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
similarity	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
44	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
80	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
similarity	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
Korean	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Alterations	O
in	O
coagulation	O
,	O
including	O
elevated	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
concentrations	O
of	O
urokinase	B-PRGE
,	O
are	O
frequent	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
).	O

These	O
results	O
identify	O
a	O
specific	O
urokinase	B-PRGE
haplotype	O
as	O
a	O
genetic	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
higher	O
mortality	O
and	O
more	O
severe	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
ALI	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
evaluated	O
the	O
pharmacokinetics	B-PROC
,	O
tolerance	B-DISO
and	O
immunity	B-PROC
of	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
macaques	B-SPEC
and	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
antibody	B-COMP
titring	O
from	O
1	O
:	O
100	O
to	O
400	O
against	O
the	O
equine	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
F	I-PRGE
(	O
ab	O
')(	O
2	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
inoculated	O
hosts	B-COMP
could	O
be	O
detected	O
at	O
week	O
2	O
during	O
the	O
successive	O
injections	O
of	O
the	O
equine	O
F	O
(	O
ab	O
')(	O
2	O
).	O

This	O
study	O
attempted	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
stage	O
-	O
specific	O
difficulties	O
encountered	O
by	O
Taiwan	O
'	O
s	O
surviving	O
frontline	O
nurses	O
during	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
process	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
(	O
non	O
-	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
hospitalised	O
children	O
in	O
France	O
.	O

We	O
previously	O
showed	O
that	O
Ceacam1a	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
are	O
completely	O
resistant	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
E	O
.	O
Hemmila	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
J	O
.	O
Virol	O
.	O

Although	O
Ceacam1a	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
completely	O
resistant	O
to	O
i	O
.	O
c	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cloning	O
,	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
ferret	B-PRGE
CXCL10	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
was	O
safe	O
and	O
well	O
tolerated	O
and	O
can	O
elicit	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
was	O
safe	O
and	O
well	O
tolerated	O
and	O
can	O
elicit	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Concerns	O
about	O
SARS	B-DISO
adversely	O
affected	O
the	O
willingness	O
of	O
respondents	O
to	O
perform	O
SCPR	O
or	O
CCPR	O
on	O
strangers	O
and	O
to	O
perform	O
SCPR	O
on	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
.	O

Consequences	O
of	O
the	O
LFA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
interaction	O
with	O
7a	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

In	O
an	O
initial	O
experiment	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
coinfection	B-DISO
of	O
PRCV	O
and	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
was	O
examined	O
in	O
thirty	O
,	O
4	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
pigs	B-SPEC
(	O
10	O
pigs	B-SPEC
/	O
group	O
)	O
that	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
either	O
PRCV	O
or	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
,	O
or	O
both	O
PRCV	O
and	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
there	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
synergistic	O
effect	O
between	O
PRCV	O
and	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
with	O
regards	O
to	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokine	O
transcription	B-PROC
that	O
may	O
partially	O
explain	O
the	O
increased	O
severity	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
coinfected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
other	O
cell	B-COMP
type	I-COMP
was	O
composed	O
of	O
spindle	B-COMP
-	O
shaped	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
vimentin	B-COMP
and	O
collagen	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
and	O
likely	O
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
.	O

Its	O
catalytic	O
capability	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
TVMV	B-SPEC
and	O
TEV	B-PRGE
NIa	B-SPEC
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
serum	B-COMP
creatinine	B-CHED
level	O
was	O
301	O
micromol	O
/	O
l	O
and	O
her	O
liver	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
tests	O
were	O
normal	O
.	O

Type	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
insulin	I-PRGE
resistance	B-PROC
syndrome	O
.	O

Plasmapheresis	O
was	O
initiated	O
,	O
inducing	O
a	O
striking	O
acute	O
decline	O
in	O
insulin	B-PRGE
needs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Amniotic	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
embolism	I-DISO
managed	O
with	O
success	O
during	O
labour	B-PROC
:	O
report	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
clinical	O
case	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
literature	O
.	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
understand	O
how	O
and	O
why	O
this	O
apparently	O
surprising	O
policy	O
evolution	B-PROC
took	O
place	O
.	O

These	O
included	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
effective	O
'	O
champions	O
'	O
for	O
such	O
policies	O
,	O
an	O
ethos	O
of	O
pragmatism	O
and	O
receptivity	O
to	O
evidence	O
,	O
growing	O
collaboration	O
across	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
police	O
and	O
other	O
sectors	O
,	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
contingent	O
events	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
and	O
pressure	O
from	O
donors	O
and	O
international	O
organizations	O
to	O
adopt	O
best	O
practice	O
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
prevention	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
4	O
Chinese	O
herbal	O
polysaccharides	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
peripheral	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
,	O
including	O
subpopulations	O
in	O
vaccinated	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

On	O
d	O
10	O
,	O
20	O
,	O
30	O
,	O
40	O
,	O
and	O
50	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
vaccination	O
,	O
the	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
response	O
to	O
concanavalin	O
A	O
stimulation	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
proportions	O
of	O
CD3	B-PRGE
(+),	I-PRGE
CD4	B-PRGE
(+),	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
3	B-CHED
-(	I-CHED
4	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
5	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
dimethylthiazol	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
2	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
yl	I-CHED
)-	I-CHED
2	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
5	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
diphenyltetrazolium	I-CHED
bromide	I-CHED
method	O
and	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
health	O
worker	O
safety	O
:	O
lessons	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
planning	O
and	O
response	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
global	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
has	O
clearly	O
shown	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
considering	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
transportation	O
networks	O
in	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
emerging	O
diseases	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

The	O
level	O
of	O
predictability	O
offered	O
by	O
the	O
model	O
can	O
be	O
quantitatively	O
analyzed	O
and	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
robust	O
epidemic	O
pathways	B-PROC
that	O
represent	O
the	O
most	O
probable	O
routes	O
for	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
assess	O
the	O
predictive	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
model	O
,	O
the	O
case	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
considered	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
clinical	O
,	O
virological	O
and	O
serological	O
findings	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
experimentally	O
infected	O
with	O
strain	O
CB	O
/	O
05	O
.	O

The	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
three	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
and	O
two	O
6	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
pups	O
,	O
were	O
successfully	O
infected	O
,	O
shedding	O
viral	O
RNA	O
with	O
their	O
faeces	B-ANAT
for	O
the	O
entire	O
observation	O
period	O
(	O
21	O
days	O
)	O
and	O
displaying	O
systemic	O
clinical	O
signs	O
resembling	O
those	O
observed	O
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
natural	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
subgroup	O
maps	O
to	O
two	O
previously	O
identified	O
domains	O
within	O
S2	O
,	O
a	O
putative	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
,	O
both	O
conserved	O
features	O
of	O
class	O
I	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
a	O
recombinant	O
with	O
S1	O
from	O
A59	O
and	O
S2	O
from	O
V51	O
was	O
severely	O
debilitated	O
in	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
productively	O
infect	O
cells	B-COMP
via	O
CEACAM1a	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
inverse	O
recombinant	O
was	O
not	O
.	O

This	O
result	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
S2	O
substitutions	O
exert	B-PROC
powerful	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
fusion	O
trigger	O
that	O
normally	O
passes	O
from	O
S1	O
to	O
S2	O
.	O

These	O
novel	O
findings	O
play	O
against	O
the	O
existing	O
data	O
that	O
suggest	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
range	O
determinants	O
are	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
harbors	O
the	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
,	O
or	O
involve	O
coordinating	O
changes	O
in	O
both	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
.	O

Mounting	O
evidence	O
also	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
fusion	O
mechanism	O
may	O
possess	B-DISO
some	O
innate	O
plasticity	O
that	O
regulates	O
viral	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
.	O

Members	O
of	O
one	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
suppressor	O
were	O
mapped	O
to	O
the	O
portions	O
of	O
gene	O
1	O
that	O
encode	O
nsp8	O
and	O
nsp9	O
,	O
thereby	O
providing	O
the	O
first	O
evidence	O
for	O
specific	O
interactions	O
between	O
coronavirus	O
replicase	O
gene	O
products	O
and	O
a	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
element	O
.	O

We	O
strongly	O
recommend	O
BC	O
as	O
a	O
useful	O
virucidal	O
agent	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
manufacture	O
of	O
vaccines	O
for	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
discuss	O
how	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
large	O
vesicles	B-COMP
might	O
be	O
induced	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Stevens	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Johnson	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
without	O
skin	B-ANAT
lesions	O
.	O

Results	O
indicate	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
resources	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
this	O
issue	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CCoV	O
)	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
enteric	O
disease	O
in	O
pups	O
.	O

In	O
general	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
inactivation	B-DISO
implies	O
a	O
permanent	O
loss	O
of	O
infectivity	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
evaluated	O
in	O
suspensions	O
and	O
hand	O
disinfection	O
tests	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
In	O
vitro	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replications	O
by	O
the	O
traditionally	O
used	O
medicinal	O
herbal	O
extracts	O
,	O
Cimicifuga	O
rhizoma	O
,	O
Meliae	O
cortex	B-ANAT
,	O
Coptidis	O
rhizoma	O
,	O
and	O
Phellodendron	B-SPEC
cortex	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
extracts	O
also	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
production	O
and	O
less	O
dramatically	O
decreased	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
VSV	O
)	O
production	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

These	O
extracts	O
also	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
production	O
and	O
less	O
dramatically	O
decreased	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
VSV	O
)	O
production	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Findings	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
the	O
stress	O
hormone	B-CHED
cortisol	B-CHED
were	O
more	O
complex	O
,	O
however	O
.	O

Several	O
studies	O
from	O
our	O
group	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
stress	O
doses	O
of	O
cortisol	B-CHED
to	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
of	O
PTSD	B-DISO
symptoms	O
measured	O
after	O
recovery	O
without	O
influencing	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
categories	O
of	O
traumatic	O
memory	B-PROC
.	O

Retinal	B-DISO
degeneration	I-DISO
resistant	O
CD	O
-	O
1	O
mice	B-SPEC
do	O
not	O
develop	O
the	O
late	O
phase	O
.	O

The	O
process	O
of	O
temperature	O
regulation	B-PROC
can	O
be	O
altered	O
by	O
drugs	O
such	O
as	O
succinylcholine	O
,	O
phenothiazines	B-CHED
,	O
monoamine	B-PROC
oxidase	I-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
,	O
atropine	B-CHED
,	O
benztropine	B-CHED
,	O
antihistamines	B-CHED
,	O
cocaine	B-CHED
,	O
Ecstasy	O
,	O
amphetamines	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
haloperidol	B-CHED
.	O

She	O
eventually	O
responded	O
to	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
incremental	O
effect	O
of	O
adding	O
virucidals	O
or	O
antiseptics	O
to	O
normal	O
handwashing	O
to	O
decrease	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
remains	O
uncertain	O
.	O

Routine	O
long	O
term	O
implementation	O
of	O
some	O
physical	O
measures	O
to	O
interrupt	O
or	O
reduce	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
might	O
be	O
difficult	O
but	O
many	O
simple	O
and	O
low	O
cost	O
interventions	O
could	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
reducing	O
the	O
spread	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
and	O
functional	O
analyses	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
endoribonuclease	O
Nsp15	O
.	O

Alanine	B-CHED
substitution	O
of	O
several	O
residues	O
in	O
the	O
RNA	O
-	O
contacting	O
portion	O
of	O
Nsp15	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
hexamer	O
formation	B-PROC
but	O
decreased	O
the	O
affinity	O
of	O
RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
and	O
reduced	B-PRGE
endonuclease	I-PRGE
activity	O
.	O

The	O
3	O
'	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
kb	O
of	O
the	O
genomes	O
of	O
17	O
Australian	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
sequenced	O
,	O
and	O
growth	B-PROC
properties	O
of	O
6	O
of	O
the	O
strains	O
were	O
compared	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
novel	O
IBVs	O
induced	O
histopathological	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
tracheas	B-ANAT
of	O
infected	O
chicks	O
that	O
were	O
comparable	O
to	O
those	O
induced	O
by	O
classical	O
strains	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
induce	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
etiology	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
prognosis	O
for	O
a	O
newly	O
emerging	O
disease	O
are	O
generally	O
unknown	O
to	O
clinicians	O
.	O

The	O
ratio	O
of	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
PUPs	O
to	O
total	O
proteins	O
is	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
X4	O
,	O
20	O
%;	O
X5	O
,	O
27	O
.	O
8	O
%;	O
ORF10	O
,	O
68	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
under	O
the	O
optimum	O
conditions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
miliary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	I-DISO
showing	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
during	O
pregnancy	O
].	O

We	O
treated	O
her	O
with	O
antituberculosis	O
chemotherapy	O
,	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
,	O
sivelestat	O
sodium	B-CHED
hydrate	I-CHED
,	O
direct	O
hemoperfusion	O
using	O
a	O
polymyxin	B-CHED
B	I-CHED
immobilized	O
column	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
but	O
she	O
died	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
emphasize	O
that	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
pregnancy	O
has	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
to	O
causing	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
of	O
miliary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	I-DISO
and	O
we	O
should	O
treat	O
immediately	O
and	O
intensively	O
for	O
miliary	O
tuberculosis	O
complicated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Across	O
worldwide	O
efforts	O
in	O
Asia	O
,	O
Europe	O
and	O
America	O
,	O
the	O
international	O
research	O
teams	O
working	O
on	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
have	O
now	O
determined	O
experimental	O
structural	O
information	O
for	O
45	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
53	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
its	O
soluble	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surface	O
-	O
displayed	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
viral	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
antigens	B-CHED
on	O
lactic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
immunization	O
with	O
recombinant	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
casei	I-SPEC
expressing	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
neucleoprotein	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
on	O
its	O
surface	O
elicited	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
mucosal	B-PRGE
IgA	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
circulation	B-PROC
IgG	I-PRGE
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
N	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
previous	O
studies	O
suggested	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
currently	O
sampled	O
bat	B-ENZY
SLCoVs	O
is	O
the	O
descendant	O
of	O
the	O
direct	O
ancestor	O
of	O
SCoV	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
relatively	O
distant	O
phylogenetic	O
relationship	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
evidence	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
a	O
bat	B-ENZY
SLCoV	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
.	O

Key	O
recommendations	O
,	O
listed	O
by	O
category	O
,	O
include	O
:	O
early	O
goal	O
-	O
directed	O
resuscitation	O
of	O
the	O
septic	O
patient	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
6	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
recognition	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
blood	B-ANAT
cultures	O
prior	O
to	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
imaging	O
studies	O
performed	O
promptly	O
to	O
confirm	O
potential	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
1C	O
);	O
administration	O
of	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
within	O
1	O
hr	O
of	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
1B	O
)	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
without	I-DISO
septic	I-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
1D	O
);	O
reassessment	O
of	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
with	O
microbiology	O
and	O
clinical	O
data	O
to	O
narrow	O
coverage	O
,	O
when	O
appropriate	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
a	O
usual	O
7	O
-	O
10	O
days	O
of	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
guided	O
by	O
clinical	O
response	O
(	O
1D	O
);	O
source	O
control	O
with	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
balance	B-PROC
of	O
risks	O
and	O
benefits	O
of	O
the	O
chosen	O
method	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
administration	O
of	O
either	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
or	O
colloid	B-ANAT
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
(	O
1B	O
);	O
fluid	O
challenge	O
to	O
restore	O
mean	O
circulating	O
filling	O
pressure	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
reduction	O
in	O
rate	O
of	O
fluid	O
administration	O
with	O
rising	O
filing	O
pressures	O
and	O
no	O
improvement	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
(	O
1D	O
);	O
vasopressor	O
preference	O
for	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
or	O
dopamine	B-CHED
to	O
maintain	O
an	O
initial	O
target	O
of	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
>	O
or	O
=	O
65	O
mm	O
Hg	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
dobutamine	B-CHED
inotropic	O
therapy	O
when	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
remains	O
low	O
despite	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
and	O
combined	O
inotropic	O
/	O
vasopressor	O
therapy	O
(	O
1C	O
);	O
stress	O
-	O
dose	O
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
given	O
only	O
in	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
after	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
is	O
identified	O
to	O
be	O
poorly	O
responsive	O
to	O
fluid	O
and	O
vasopressor	O
therapy	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
clinical	O
assessment	O
of	O
high	O
risk	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
2B	O
except	O
2C	O
for	O
post	O
-	O
operative	O
patients	O
).	O

Recommendations	O
specific	O
to	O
pediatric	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
include	O
:	O
greater	O
use	O
of	O
physical	O
examination	O
therapeutic	O
end	O
points	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
dopamine	B-CHED
as	O
the	O
first	O
drug	O
of	O
choice	O
for	O
hypotension	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
steroids	B-CHED
only	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
suspected	O
or	O
proven	O
adrenal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
(	O
2C	O
);	O
a	O
recommendation	O
against	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
in	O
children	O
(	O
1B	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
There	O
was	O
strong	O
agreement	O
among	O
a	O
large	O
cohort	O
of	O
international	O
experts	O
regarding	O
many	O
level	O
1	O
recommendations	O
for	O
the	O
best	O
current	O
care	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	B-PROC
gene	I-PROC
expression	I-PROC
profiles	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
hepatic	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
model	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
virus	B-SPEC
intervened	O
by	O
anti	O
-	O
hepatic	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
compound	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Angiotensin	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
insertion	O
/	O
deletion	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
is	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
susceptibility	O
and	O
outcome	O
in	O
sepsis	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
insertion	O
/	O
deletion	O
(	O
I	O
/	O
D	O
)	O
of	O
a	O
289	O
base	B-FUNC
pair	I-FUNC
Alu	O
repeat	O
sequence	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE	B-PRGE
)	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
predict	O
susceptibility	O
and	O
outcome	O
in	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
by	O
immortalization	O
of	O
memory	B-PROC
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Retrospectively	O
,	O
74	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
traumatic	O
aortic	B-DISO
rupture	I-DISO
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Ten	O
surgical	O
complications	O
occurred	O
in	O
5	O
patients	O
:	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
),	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
recurrent	O
nerve	B-DISO
palsy	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
repeat	O
thoracotomy	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
and	O
compartment	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
).	O

Except	O
for	O
one	O
case	O
,	O
which	O
required	O
conversion	O
to	O
conventional	O
surgery	O
,	O
stent	O
-	O
graft	B-ANAT
implantation	B-PROC
was	O
successful	O
in	O
all	O
cases	O
,	O
without	O
peri	O
-	O
interventional	O
complications	O
or	O
procedure	O
-	O
induced	O
paraplegia	B-DISO
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
underwent	O
surgical	O
repair	B-PROC
15	O
days	O
and	O
4	O
months	O
after	O
endografting	O
because	O
of	O
injury	O
of	O
the	O
aortic	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
by	O
the	O
stent	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
spurious	B-DISO
aneurysm	I-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Benefits	O
in	O
recognizing	O
mild	O
cases	O
of	O
TRALI	B-DISO
include	O
quantifying	O
the	O
true	O
incidence	O
of	O
TRALI	B-DISO
,	O
understanding	O
the	O
physiology	O
of	O
mild	O
versus	O
severe	O
TRALI	O
,	O
and	O
preventing	O
subsequent	O
cases	O
of	O
TRALI	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
donors	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
HLA	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
acute	O
non	O
-	O
haemolytic	O
transfusion	B-DISO
reactions	I-DISO
in	O
female	O
and	O
male	O
patients	O
receiving	O
female	O
or	O
male	O
blood	O
components	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
and	O
196	O
donors	O
of	O
suspect	O
blood	O
products	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
HLA	B-PRGE
Class	B-SPEC
I	I-PRGE
,	O
HLA	B-PRGE
Class	B-SPEC
II	O
,	O
granulocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
platelets	B-ANAT
.	O

Non	O
-	O
HLA	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
reactions	O
in	O
females	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
antigenic	O
domain	O
found	O
on	O
the	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminal	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
motif	O
GPRLQPY	O
,	O
was	O
evaluated	O
.	O

The	O
maximal	O
radiographic	O
score	O
correlated	O
best	O
with	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
a	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
while	O
the	O
second	O
most	O
significant	O
factor	O
was	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
days	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
third	O
most	O
significant	O
factor	O
was	O
the	O
absolute	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
013	O
).	O

The	O
mean	O
radiographic	O
scores	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
comorbidities	O
and	O
without	O
a	O
comorbidity	O
were	O
11	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
respectively	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
032	O
).	O

Intravenous	O
gasoline	O
injection	O
causes	O
major	O
injury	O
to	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
organ	B-ANAT
bearing	O
the	O
first	O
capillary	B-ANAT
bed	I-ANAT
encountered	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
analyze	O
antigenic	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
the	O
gene	O
encoding	O
its	O
major	O
immunodominant	O
region	O
S1	O
was	O
amplified	O
by	O
PCR	O
.	O

The	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
into	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
with	O
NS	O
-	O
I	O
strain	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
the	O
clinical	O
manifestation	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
was	O
monitored	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
developed	O
the	O
typical	O
SARS	B-DISO
according	O
to	O
clinical	O
,	O
virological	O
,	O
and	O
pathological	O
findings	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
S	O
of	O
SL	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
S	O
chimeras	O
was	O
constructed	O
by	O
inserting	O
different	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
into	O
the	O
SL	O
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
backbone	B-ANAT
.	O

First	O
,	O
the	O
SL	O
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
was	O
unable	O
to	O
use	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
molecules	I-PRGE
as	O
its	O
receptor	O
.	O

Second	O
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
failed	O
to	O
enter	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
the	O
bat	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
.	O

Third	O
,	O
the	O
chimeric	O
S	O
covering	O
the	O
previously	O
defined	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
gained	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
enter	O
cells	B-COMP
via	O
human	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
,	O
albeit	O
with	O
different	O
efficiencies	O
for	O
different	O
constructs	O
.	O

Fourth	O
,	O
a	O
minimal	O
insert	O
region	O
(	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
310	O
to	O
518	O
)	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
sufficient	O
to	O
convert	O
the	O
SL	O
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
human	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
SL	O
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
is	O
largely	O
compatible	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
both	O
in	O
structure	O
and	O
in	O
function	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
main	O
types	O
of	O
safety	O
procedures	O
must	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
biological	O
products	O
,	O
including	O
plasma	O
derivatives	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
preventive	O
procedures	O
and	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
elimination	B-PROC
procedures	O
.	O

Other	O
inactivation	B-DISO
procedures	O
such	O
as	O
pasteurization	O
,	O
dry	O
-	O
heat	O
or	O
nanofiltration	O
may	O
prove	O
equally	O
effective	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Immunocompetent	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
RAG1	B-PRGE
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
JHM	O
develop	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
of	O
inhibitory	O
RNA	O
aptamers	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NTPase	B-PRGE
/	O
Helicase	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
that	O
caused	O
almost	O
800	O
victims	O
requires	O
a	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
efficient	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SCV	B-SPEC
).	O

We	O
believe	O
this	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
suggesting	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
caesarean	O
section	O
,	O
performed	O
with	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
an	O
improvement	O
in	O
maternal	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
at	O
such	O
an	O
early	O
point	O
in	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

Parvovirus	B-DISO
was	O
only	O
detected	O
in	O
one	O
healthy	O
dog	B-SPEC
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
per	O
cent	O
),	O
thus	O
with	O
a	O
prevalence	O
that	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
16	O
.	O
0	O
per	O
cent	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
acute	O
haemorrhagic	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pneumocystis	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
usually	O
occurs	O
in	O
immunosuppressed	O
individuals	O
,	O
generally	O
those	O
with	O
underlying	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
disorders	O
.	O

Six	O
patients	O
received	O
corticotherapy	O
for	O
alcoholic	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
treatment	O
before	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
Pneumocystis	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Chronic	B-DISO
alcoholism	I-DISO
and	O
alcoholic	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
are	O
both	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
important	O
degree	O
of	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
preliminary	O
and	O
yet	O
alarming	O
conclusion	O
may	O
be	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
rise	O
buildings	O
,	O
windows	O
flush	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
flat	O
façade	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
major	O
route	O
for	O
the	O
vertical	O
spread	O
of	O
pathogen	O
-	O
containing	O
aerosols	O
.	O

The	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
optimization	O
of	O
N3	O
has	O
yielded	O
two	O
more	O
efficacious	O
lead	B-CHED
compounds	I-CHED
,	O
N27	O
and	O
H16	O
,	O
with	O
potent	O
inhibition	B-PROC
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
).	I-PRGE

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
retained	O
intracellularly	O
by	O
a	O
tyrosine	B-CHED
motif	O
.	O

Deletion	O
of	O
a	O
dilysine	O
motif	O
that	O
has	O
previously	O
been	O
suggested	O
to	O
function	O
as	O
a	O
retrieval	O
signal	O
did	O
not	O
abolish	O
intracellular	B-PROC
retention	I-PROC
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
the	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
endoglycosidases	O
did	O
not	O
reveal	O
any	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
parental	O
and	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
is	O
retained	O
at	O
a	O
late	B-COMP
Golgi	I-COMP
compartment	B-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
NKG2D	B-PRGE
neutralization	O
increased	O
viral	O
titers	O
within	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
protective	O
role	O
for	O
NKG2D	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
in	O
this	O
organ	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
enhances	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
protection	O
from	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
neurological	O
and	O
liver	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
;	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
elevated	O
NK	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
CXCL10	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
occurs	O
independently	O
of	O
NKG2D	B-PRGE
;	O
and	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
NKG2D	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
promotes	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
within	O
the	O
livers	B-ANAT
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
is	O
not	O
dependent	O
on	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
secretion	B-PROC
.	O

CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
provide	O
an	O
auxiliary	O
function	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
for	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
survival	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
their	O
direct	O
contribution	O
to	O
control	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
pathology	B-DISO
is	O
unclear	O
.	O

Local	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
was	O
evident	O
by	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
class	B-SPEC
II	O
molecules	O
on	O
microglia	B-ANAT
in	O
recipients	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
producing	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2003	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
emerged	O
and	O
caused	O
over	O
8	O
,	O
000	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
more	O
than	O
700	O
deaths	B-PROC
worldwide	O
.	O

Using	O
synthetic	O
biology	O
,	O
we	O
engineered	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
from	O
a	O
civet	B-SPEC
strain	O
,	O
SZ16	O
,	O
into	O
our	O
epidemic	O
strain	O
infectious	B-DISO
clone	O
,	O
creating	O
the	O
chimeric	O
virus	B-SPEC
icSZ16	O
-	O
S	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
infectious	B-DISO
but	O
yielded	O
progeny	O
viruses	B-SPEC
incapable	O
of	O
propagating	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Techniques	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
of	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
].	O

To	O
look	O
for	O
viruses	B-SPEC
which	O
are	O
non	O
detectable	O
by	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
assays	O
(	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
polyomavirus	B-SPEC
...)	O
or	O
in	O
severe	O
or	O
complicated	O
respiratory	O
lower	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
molecular	O
tools	O
is	O
highly	O
indicated	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Our	O
heuristic	O
staging	O
model	O
provides	O
valuable	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
a	O
biological	O
event	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
concern	O
warranted	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
whether	O
the	O
pathogen	O
in	O
question	O
is	O
responding	O
to	O
established	O
public	O
health	O
disease	O
control	O
measures	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
antimicrobials	B-CHED
or	O
vaccines	O
;	O
whether	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
medical	O
infrastructure	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
involved	O
is	O
adequate	O
to	O
mount	O
the	O
necessary	O
response	O
;	O
whether	O
the	O
country	O
'	O
s	O
officials	O
are	O
providing	O
an	O
appropriate	O
level	O
of	O
information	O
to	O
international	O
public	O
health	O
authorities	O
;	O
and	O
whether	O
the	O
event	O
poses	O
a	O
international	O
threat	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
admitted	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
HNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2a	I-PRGE
salvaged	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
process	O
of	O
natural	O
phagocytosis	B-PROC
by	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
FcgammaRIII	I-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extrapulmonary	O
ventilation	O
for	O
unresponsive	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
after	O
pulmonary	O
resection	O
.	O

2	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
replaced	O
only	O
once	O
for	O
massive	O
clotting	B-PROC
.	O

0	O
.	O
36	O
L	O
/	O
min	O
of	O
the	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
perfused	O
the	O
device	O
,	O
without	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
impairment	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
but	O
1	O
patient	O
(	O
14	O
%)	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
were	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
8	O
+/-	O

These	O
findings	O
document	O
that	O
TB	O
contains	O
multiple	O
lipids	B-CHED
that	O
can	O
directly	O
impair	O
the	O
biophysical	O
function	O
of	O
endogenous	O
and	O
exogenous	O
lung	B-ANAT
surfactants	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cell	B-ANAT
type	I-ANAT
-	O
specific	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
by	O
effector	B-CHED
caspases	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
Caco	O
-	O
2	O
and	O
N2a	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
almost	O
no	O
N	O
-	O
processing	O
was	O
detectable	O
.	O

Our	O
purpose	O
is	O
not	O
to	O
defend	O
or	O
criticise	O
this	O
account	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
it	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
developed	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
address	O
three	O
important	O
issues	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
notable	O
achievements	O
made	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
structural	O
biology	O
projects	O
worldwide	O
are	O
examined	O
and	O
strategies	O
for	O
therapeutic	O
intervention	O
are	O
discussed	O
based	O
on	O
available	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
structures	O
.	O

Recommendations	O
specific	O
to	O
pediatric	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
include	O
greater	O
use	O
of	O
physical	O
examination	O
therapeutic	O
end	O
points	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
dopamine	B-CHED
as	O
the	O
first	O
drug	O
of	O
choice	O
for	O
hypotension	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
steroids	B-CHED
only	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
suspected	O
or	O
proven	O
adrenal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
(	O
2C	O
);	O
and	O
a	O
recommendation	O
against	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
in	O
children	O
(	O
1B	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mannan	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
lectin	I-PRGE
(	O
MBL	B-PRGE
)	O
serum	B-COMP
concentration	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
propagation	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
was	O
unaffected	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
CCR1	B-PRGE
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
when	O
compared	O
to	O
CCR1	O
+/+	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Innovation	O
and	O
challenges	O
in	O
funding	O
rapid	O
research	O
responses	O
to	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
:	O
Lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

DPO	B-PRGE
-	O
based	O
mRT	B-ANAT
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
found	O
as	O
a	O
sensitive	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
cause	O
childhood	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
129	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
:	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
/	O
B	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
0	O
%/	O
7	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
/	O
B	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
1	O
%/	O
5	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
1	O
/	O
2	O
/	O
3	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
0	O
%/	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
%/	O
7	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
229E	O
or	O
NL63	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Gemcitabine	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
new	O
important	O
drug	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
solid	B-DISO
tumors	I-DISO
including	O
non	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
small	I-PATH
cell	I-PATH
lung	B-ANAT
cancer	B-SPEC
,	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
,	O
bladder	B-ANAT
and	O
breast	B-DISO
cancers	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
whole	O
viral	O
,	O
N	O
and	O
N199	O
proteins	B-CHED
by	O
ELISA	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
N199	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
feasible	O
in	O
both	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
reservoir	O
screening	O
.	O

DMSO	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
solvent	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
ethylene	B-CHED
vinyl	B-CHED
alcohol	O
copolymer	B-CHED
,	O
is	O
excreted	O
via	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
after	O
administration	O
and	O
we	O
postulate	O
that	O
DMSO	B-CHED
was	O
the	O
possible	O
cause	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
patient	O
.	O

Monitoring	O
of	O
haemodynamic	O
parameters	O
(	O
invasive	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
electrocardiography	O
)	O
and	O
ventilatory	O
parameters	O
(	O
ETCO2	O
,	O
SpO2	O
,	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
monitoring	O
)	O
are	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
this	O
possible	O
event	O
.	O

In	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
ORF	O
7	O
gene	O
,	O
Korean	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
clustered	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
KT2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
strain	O
exhibited	O
a	O
higher	O
replication	O
rate	O
than	O
KT2	O
-	O
L	O
and	O
produced	O
a	O
CPE	O
distinctly	O
different	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
KT2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
strain	O
.	O

Participants	O
experienced	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
stage	O
process	O
of	O
protecting	O
self	O
,	O
family	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
others	O
,	O
responding	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
perceived	O
threat	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
rare	O
and	O
highly	O
contagious	O
agents	O
can	O
initially	O
present	O
as	O
febrile	B-PROC
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
an	O
epidemic	O
that	O
can	O
greatly	O
impact	O
the	O
health	O
care	O
system	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
occur	O
with	O
these	O
agents	O
,	O
so	O
a	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
(	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
)	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
is	O
indicated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
hypertension	I-DISO
and	O
cor	B-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
during	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
in	I-DISO
sickle	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
changes	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
pressures	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
biomarkers	O
during	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
their	O
associations	O
with	O
mortality	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
pressures	O
increase	O
during	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
biomarker	B-CHED
elevation	O
and	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Together	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
HBoV	O
accounted	O
for	O
60	O
%	O
(	O
65	O
of	O
109	O
)	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
HBoV	O
are	O
common	O
pathogens	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
in	O
otherwise	O
healthy	O
infants	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
112	O
infants	O
who	O
had	O
an	O
ARI	B-CHED
had	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
39	O
(	O
35	O
%)	O
had	O
wheeze	B-DISO
.	O

vaccination	O
elicited	O
stronger	O
systemic	O
and	O
local	O
specific	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
than	O
the	O
i	O
.	O
m	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Learning	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
.	O

In	O
examining	O
nursing	B-PROC
practice	O
models	O
within	O
complex	O
clinical	O
situations	O
,	O
the	O
significance	O
lies	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
model	O
'	O
s	O
effects	O
but	O
also	O
in	O
other	O
operational	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Positive	O
correlations	O
were	O
found	O
for	O
nurses	O
'	O
perceived	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practice	O
competence	O
and	O
their	O
perceived	O
caring	O
attributes	O
.	O

Guided	O
by	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
and	O
molecular	B-PROC
dynamics	I-PROC
simulations	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
systematic	O
mutation	O
analyses	O
to	O
identify	O
residues	O
critical	O
for	O
3CL	O
pro	B-CHED
dimerization	O
and	O
activity	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
herds	O
in	O
Southern	O
Italy	O
.	O

A	O
recently	O
established	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
showed	O
that	O
viral	O
RNA	O
loads	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
ranged	O
between	O
3	O
.	O
10	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
7	O
.	O
50	O
x	O
10	O
(	O
7	O
)	O
RNA	O
copies	O
/	O
microl	O
of	O
template	O
.	O

New	O
episodes	O
of	O
psychiatric	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
were	O
directly	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
having	O
a	O
psychiatric	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
before	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
(	O
p	O
=.	O
02	O
)	O
and	O
inversely	O
associated	O
with	O
years	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
experience	O
(	O
p	O
=.	O
03	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
perceived	O
adequacy	O
of	O
training	O
and	O
support	O
(	O
p	O
=.	O
03	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
an	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
enteral	O
formula	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
pediatric	O
burn	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
a	O
specialized	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
enteral	O
formula	O
(	O
SPEF	O
)	O
was	O
commercially	O
introduced	O
as	O
an	O
adjunct	O
intervention	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
management	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
confirmed	O
that	O
mouse	B-PRGE
hepatitis	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
A59	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
palmitoylated	O
.	O

Double	O
-	O
and	O
triple	O
-	O
mutant	B-DISO
E	O
proteins	B-CHED
resulted	O
in	O
decreased	O
virus	B-COMP
-	I-COMP
like	I-COMP
particle	I-COMP
output	O
when	O
coexpressed	O
with	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	O
assembly	O
process	O
encloses	O
a	O
ribonucleoprotein	B-COMP
genome	O
into	O
vesicles	B-COMP
containing	O
the	O
lipid	B-CHED
-	O
embedded	O
proteins	B-CHED
S	O
(	O
spike	O
),	O
E	O
(	O
envelope	B-COMP
),	O
and	O
M	O
(	O
membrane	B-COMP
).	O

The	O
samples	O
comprised	O
95	O
cases	O
of	O
recovered	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
403	O
unrelated	O
healthy	O
controls	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Most	O
coronaviruses	O
infecting	O
humans	B-SPEC
cause	O
mild	O
diseases	O
,	O
whereas	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
an	O
extremely	O
dangerous	O
pathogen	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
serologic	O
assay	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
based	O
on	O
recombinant	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
all	O
known	O
pathogenic	O
strains	O
(	O
229E	O
,	O
NL63	O
,	O
OC43	O
,	O
HKU1	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
novel	O
immunoassay	O
is	O
highly	O
useful	O
for	O
epidemiologic	O
surveys	O
,	O
where	O
use	O
of	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
diagnostics	O
often	O
is	O
limited	O
.	O

For	O
assay	O
evaluation	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
persons	O
infected	O
with	O
229E	O
or	O
OC43	O
(	O
acute	O
/	O
convalescent	O
),	O
recovered	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
healthy	O
donors	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
histology	O
or	O
immunostaining	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
effusion	B-DISO
or	O
tissue	B-ANAT
macrophages	B-ANAT
or	O
both	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
only	O
1	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
survivor	O
(>	O
3	O
months	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
cat	B-SPEC
was	O
in	O
the	O
FeIFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
omega	I-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
genes	O
in	O
Vero	O
-	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
detected	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
.	O

Obtained	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
siRNAs	O
could	O
effectively	O
inhibit	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
genes	O
.	O

Amoxapine	B-CHED
was	O
stopped	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
complete	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
concluded	O
that	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
amoxapine	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
White	O
smoke	O
inhalation	O
is	O
an	O
uncommon	O
but	O
potentially	O
deadly	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
research	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
preparedness	O
training	O
programme	O
and	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
participatory	O
training	O
approach	O
for	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
.	O

Seventy	O
-	O
six	O
public	O
health	O
staff	O
completed	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
preparedness	O
training	O
programme	O
.	O

The	O
spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
component	O
of	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
23	O
different	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
changes	O
were	O
noted	O
during	O
the	O
expanding	O
epidemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Paramyxoviruses	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
Paramyxoviridae	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
Mononegavirales	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
rescued	O
viruses	B-SPEC
grew	O
well	O
and	O
were	O
stable	O
in	O
embryonated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
over	O
multiple	O
passages	O
.	O

We	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
both	O
reporter	O
genes	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
cell	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
possessing	O
a	O
segmented	O
genome	O
,	O
and	O
viral	O
particles	O
can	O
contain	O
either	O
one	O
or	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
RNA	O
segments	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
hACE2	O
-	O
dependent	O
entry	O
of	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
-	O
treated	O
retrovirus	B-SPEC
pseudotyped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
expressing	O
JMD	O
mutant	B-DISO
S	O
Delta19	O
proteins	B-CHED
was	O
greatly	O
reduced	O
.	O

S	O
Delta19	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
other	O
double	O
alanine	B-CHED
substitutions	O
reduced	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
further	O
,	O
from	O
40	O
%	O
to	O
less	O
than	O
20	O
%	O
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
levels	O
.	O

The	O
infection	B-DISO
rate	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
vs	O
26	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
operation	O
rate	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
vs	O
34	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
mortality	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
vs	O
21	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
treatment	O
group	O
were	O
lower	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
treatment	O
group	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
microglia	B-ANAT
,	O
oligodendroglia	B-ANAT
are	O
resistant	O
to	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
perforin	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
viral	O
control	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
governance	O
of	O
global	O
risks	O
through	O
public	O
communication	O
and	O
participation	O
.	O

The	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
of	O
six	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
amplified	O
by	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
),	O
then	O
cloned	O
,	O
sequenced	O
,	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
those	O
ten	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
reference	O
strains	O
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
of	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
genes	O
between	O
the	O
six	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
and	O
ten	O
reference	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
varied	O
from	O
97	O
.	O
2	O
to	O
99	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
and	O
96	O
.	O
9	O
to	O
100	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
new	O
genotype	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
prevailing	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

A	O
drastic	O
virus	B-SPEC
population	O
shift	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
along	O
time	O
and	O
the	O
novel	O
Italy	O
02	O
serotype	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
displaced	O
the	O
previous	O
predominant	O
serotype	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Toronto	O
,	O
airway	B-ANAT
manipulation	O
was	O
clearly	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
procedure	O
most	O
associated	O
with	O
risk	O
to	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
.	O

Briefly	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
'	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
first	O
fractionated	O
in	O
Q	O
Ceramic	O
HyperD	O
ion	B-PROC
exchange	I-PROC
sorbent	O
beads	O
by	O
buffers	O
at	O
different	O
pH	O
.	O
Serum	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
fractions	O
thus	O
obtained	O
were	O
then	O
bound	O
onto	O
a	O
copper	B-CHED
(	O
II	O
)	O
immobilized	O
metal	B-CHED
affinity	O
capture	O
(	O
IMAC30	O
Cu	O
[	O
II	O
])	O
ProteinChip	O
Array	O
or	O
a	O
weak	O
cation	B-CHED
-	O
exchange	O
(	O
CM10	O
)	O
ProteinChip	O
Array	O
.	O

After	O
washing	O
and	O
addition	O
of	O
sinapinic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
the	O
chips	O
were	O
read	O
in	O
a	O
Protein	B-CHED
Biological	O
System	O
(	O
PBS	B-DISO
)	O
IIc	O
mass	O
spectrometer	O
.	O

The	O
remaining	O
biomarkers	O
could	O
also	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
other	O
clinical	O
parameters	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
remain	O
poorly	O
understood	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
currently	O
no	O
effective	O
treatment	O
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
considerable	O
research	O
has	O
been	O
done	O
on	O
detection	O
,	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

HCWs	O
in	O
a	O
Toronto	O
hospital	O
who	O
worked	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
areas	O
completed	O
a	O
questionnaire	O
regarding	O
their	O
attitude	O
toward	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
crisis	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
Impact	O
of	O
Event	O
Scale	O
-	O
Revised	O
,	O
which	O
screens	O
for	O
PTSS	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
HCWs	O
who	O
cared	O
for	O
only	O
one	O
SARS	B-DISO
patient	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
those	O
caring	O
for	O
multiple	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
experienced	O
more	O
PTSS	O
.	O

The	O
literature	O
was	O
searched	O
for	O
clinical	O
studies	O
on	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
using	O
lower	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
in	O
patients	O
not	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Others	O
were	O
6	O
cases	O
of	O
acute	O
membrane	B-COMP
laryngotracheobronchitis	B-DISO
,	O
3	O
cases	O
of	O
congenital	O
main	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
stenosis	B-DISO
,	O
2	O
cases	O
of	O
congenital	O
laryngeal	B-DISO
webs	I-DISO
,	O
2	O
cases	O
of	O
vocal	B-DISO
cord	I-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
,	O
3	O
cases	O
of	O
Pierre	B-DISO
Robin	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
2	O
cases	O
of	O
Cri	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
du	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
chat	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Congenital	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
obstruction	B-DISO
.	O

Serologic	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
against	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CDV	B-CHED
),	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
(	O
CPV	B-SPEC
),	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CAV	B-SPEC
),	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CCV	B-DISO
),	O
canine	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CPIV	O
),	O
Toxoplasma	B-SPEC
gondii	I-SPEC
,	O
Neospora	B-SPEC
caninum	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Leptospira	B-SPEC
interrogans	I-SPEC
were	O
measured	O
in	O
44	O
samples	O
taken	O
from	O
19	O
giant	B-SPEC
pandas	B-DISO
between	O
1998	O
and	O
2003	O
at	O
the	O
Chengdu	O
Research	O
Base	O
of	O
Giant	B-SPEC
Panda	I-SPEC
Breeding	B-PROC
in	O
Sichuan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Positive	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
were	O
found	O
only	O
against	O
CDV	B-CHED
,	O
CPV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
T	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
gondii	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transverse	O
laparostomy	O
is	O
feasible	O
and	O
effective	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
compartment	I-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
severe	O
acute	O
pancreatitis	O
.	O

At	O
29	O
d	O
.	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.,	O
one	O
group	O
was	O
challenged	O
with	O
10	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
TCID50	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
anamnestic	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
evident	O
with	O
no	O
detectable	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
infants	O
at	O
term	O
and	O
near	O
term	O
about	O
23	O
cases	O
].	O

Retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
medical	O
records	O
of	O
infants	O
admitted	O
in	O
the	O
paediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
along	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
4	O
years	O
.	O

1	O
.	O
1	O
weeks	O
of	O
gestation	B-PROC
;	O
birth	B-PROC
weight	O
=	O
2756	O
+/-	O

ARDS	B-DISO
represents	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
etiology	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
in	O
infants	O
at	O
term	O
and	O
near	O
term	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
pH	O
-	O
inactivation	B-DISO
profile	O
of	O
3CLpro	O
with	O
iodoacetamide	O
is	O
indicative	O
of	O
an	O
ion	O
-	O
pair	O
mechanism	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
diversity	O
-	O
independent	O
neutralization	O
of	O
pandemic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
HIV	B-DISO
),	O
potentially	O
pandemic	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
H5N1	O
strain	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
carcinogenic	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
HBV	B-DISO
and	O
HCV	B-SPEC
)	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
possible	O
agents	O
of	O
bioterrorism	O
(	O
variola	B-DISO
)	O
by	O
enveloped	O
virus	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
compounds	O
(	O
EVNCs	O
).	O

Also	O
the	O
difficulty	O
in	O
predicting	O
the	O
next	O
pandemic	O
strain	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
may	O
make	O
it	O
difficult	O
to	O
respond	O
rapidly	O
should	O
there	O
be	O
an	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Broad	O
spectrum	O
agents	O
that	O
can	O
serve	O
as	O
disrafters	O
or	O
neutralize	O
the	O
viral	O
infectivity	O
by	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
envelope	B-COMP
lipid	B-CHED
or	O
sugar	O
moieties	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
vagaries	O
of	O
hypermutation	O
of	O
surface	O
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neurological	O
conditions	O
such	O
as	O
stroke	B-DISO
,	O
subarachnoid	B-DISO
haemorrhage	I-DISO
and	O
seizure	B-DISO
activity	O
,	O
amongst	O
others	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
.	O

Unilateral	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
is	O
also	O
a	O
very	O
rare	O
occurrence	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
not	O
,	O
to	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
acute	O
MS	O
exacerbation	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O

Mapping	O
studies	O
localized	O
the	O
critical	O
N	O
sequences	O
for	O
this	O
interaction	O
to	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
175	O
-	O
210	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
a	O
serine	B-CHED
/	O
arginine	B-CHED
(	O
SR	O
)-	O
rich	O
domain	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
experiments	O
in	O
which	O
RNA	O
extracted	O
from	O
FCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
supernatants	O
was	O
combined	O
with	O
RNA	O
extracted	O
from	O
faecal	B-ANAT
suspensions	O
revealed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
faecal	B-ANAT
factors	O
that	O
significantly	O
inhibited	O
the	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
reaction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Procalcitonin	O
-	O
marker	O
of	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Orchitis	B-DISO
in	O
roosters	O
with	O
reduced	O
fertility	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
amplified	O
fragment	O
revealed	O
a	O
close	O
relationship	O
with	O
European	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotype	O
D274	O
,	O
previously	O
unreported	O
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
perhaps	O
aMPV	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
played	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
testicular	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
described	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
regarded	O
as	O
factors	O
that	O
can	O
influence	O
male	O
fertility	B-DISO
disease	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
tested	O
were	O
Massachusetts	O
(	O
Mass	O
)	O
and	O
Arkansas	O
(	O
Ark	B-PRGE
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
enteric	O
contents	O
of	O
Brazilian	O
laying	O
hens	O
and	O
broilers	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
as	O
an	O
enteric	O
pathogen	O
in	O
still	O
controversial	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
5	O
European	O
and	O
3	O
Asian	O
regions	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
affected	O
by	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
pattern	O
of	O
reported	O
precautionary	O
action	O
was	O
broadly	O
similar	O
across	O
the	O
regions	O
;	O
approximately	O
75	O
%	O
of	O
respondents	O
reported	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
avoid	O
public	O
transportation	O
and	O
20	O
%-	O
30	O
%	O
would	O
try	O
to	O
stay	O
indoors	O
.	O

Effective	O
HPAI	O
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
surveillance	O
,	O
containment	O
response	O
,	O
and	O
field	O
evaluation	O
are	O
essential	O
to	O
monitor	O
and	O
contain	O
potential	O
pandemic	O
strains	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
it	O
strongly	O
stimulates	O
pro	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
vasoactive	O
substances	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
prostaglandins	B-CHED
and	O
thromboxanes	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
is	O
triggered	O
by	O
cascade	O
systems	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
complement	O
,	O
coagulation	B-PROC
,	O
kinins	O
,	O
fibrinolysis	B-PROC
),	O
cell	B-COMP
elements	O
(	O
endothelium	B-ANAT
,	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
mast	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
)	O
and	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
mediators	O
(	O
cytokines	O
,	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
enzymes	O
,	O
histamine	B-CHED
,	O
etc	O
.)	O
and	O
others	O
interacting	O
factors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Many	O
genetic	O
and	O
mechanistic	O
features	O
distinguish	O
the	O
coronavirus	O
replication	O
machinery	O
from	O
that	O
encoded	O
by	O
most	O
other	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
viral	B-ANAT
components	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
complex	O
are	O
encoded	O
by	O
the	O
giant	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
two	O
polyproteins	O
(	O
pp1a	B-PRGE
and	O
pp1ab	O
)	O
that	O
are	O
processed	O
into	O
16	O
cleavage	B-PROC
products	O
(	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
1	O
-	O
16	O
).	O

Using	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
yeast	B-SPEC
two	O
-	O
hybrid	O
screening	O
and	O
GST	B-PRGE
pull	O
-	O
down	O
assays	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
now	O
analyzed	O
all	O
potential	O
interactions	O
between	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
/	O
transcription	B-PROC
complex	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Duration	O
of	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
after	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
quadroma	O
culture	O
supernatant	O
was	O
initially	O
processed	O
on	O
a	O
Protein	B-CHED
-	O
G	O
column	B-ANAT
to	O
isolate	O
all	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
immunoglobulins	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
inflammatory	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
very	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
no	O
effective	O
therapy	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
date	O
for	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
complexes	O
are	O
present	O
in	O
various	O
human	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
,	O
including	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
as	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
fluids	B-ANAT
from	O
patients	O
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
the	O
latter	O
findings	O
are	O
explored	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
possible	O
involvement	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
autoantibody	O
:	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
immune	O
complexes	O
in	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
discussed	O
.	O

The	O
unusual	O
manifestation	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
hemorrhagic	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
these	O
cases	O
camouflaged	O
the	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Forty	O
-	O
four	O
cases	O
of	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
year	O
2005	O
formed	O
3	O
.	O
52	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
autopsies	O
performed	O
.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
showing	O
selection	O
of	O
a	O
more	O
fit	O
virus	B-SPEC
subpopulation	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
mutations	O
associated	O
with	O
replication	O
of	O
modified	O
live	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
and	O
recurrent	O
acute	O
vascular	O
rejection	O
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
allograft	O
is	O
an	O
accepted	O
major	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
obliterative	B-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
.	O

Retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
341	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
survivors	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
performed	O
in	O
1995	O
-	O
2005	O
who	O
underwent	O
1	O
,	O
770	O
transbronchial	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
procedures	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
182	O
transbronchial	O
biopsies	O
were	O
ungraded	O
(	O
8	O
inadequate	O
,	O
142	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
32	O
other	O
diagnoses	O
).	O

The	O
condition	B-DISO
was	O
progressive	O
and	O
fatal	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hypophosphatemia	O
is	O
an	O
unusual	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
managed	O
with	O
supplemental	O
potassium	O
,	O
octreotide	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

ECMO	O
and	O
iLA	B-PRGE
might	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
serious	O
complications	O
(	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
ischaemia	B-DISO
),	O
thus	O
further	O
randomised	O
prospective	O
studies	O
are	O
warranted	O
to	O
elucidate	O
specific	O
indications	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Glucose	B-CHED
-	I-ENZY
6	I-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
phosphate	B-CHED
dehydrogenase	I-ENZY
deficiency	I-DISO
enhances	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
host	O
cellular	B-COMP
environment	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
determinant	O
of	O
pathogen	O
infectivity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Abstract	O
:	O
Candidate	O
IBV	O
vaccines	O
should	O
elicit	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
humoral	O
responses	O
.	O

Plasmids	O
were	O
transfected	O
into	O
the	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
by	O
lipofectamine	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
expressed	B-PROC
products	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
.	O

Two	O
weeks	O
after	O
boosting	O
,	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
challenged	O
by	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
bicistronic	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
containing	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
elicit	O
remarkably	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
suggest	O
that	O
optimal	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
priming	O
requires	O
the	O
precise	O
temporal	O
and	O
spatial	O
codelivery	O
of	O
Ag	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
complicated	O
by	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
:	O
a	O
hypothesis	O
.	O

The	O
hypothesis	O
may	O
be	O
confirmed	O
by	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
demonstrating	O
an	O
improvement	O
in	O
physiologic	O
parameters	O
,	O
intracranial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
brain	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
use	O
in	O
severely	O
head	B-ANAT
injured	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
demonstrating	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
biochemical	O
serum	B-COMP
markers	O
in	O
such	O
patients	O
;	O
specifically	O
,	O
glial	B-COMP
fibrillary	I-COMP
acidic	I-COMP
protein	I-COMP
,	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
and	O
biomarkers	O
of	O
the	O
hypothalamic	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
pituitary	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
adrenal	I-ANAT
axis	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
documentation	O
of	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Detailed	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
point	O
mutants	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
and	O
their	O
nearby	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
bond	O
partner	O
Ser	B-COMP
-	O
123	O
and	O
Ser	B-COMP
-	O
139	O
revealed	O
a	O
strong	O
correlation	O
between	O
the	O
enzyme	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
loss	O
and	O
dimer	O
dissociation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
common	O
cold	O
or	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
URI	O
)	O
is	O
highly	O
prevalent	O
among	O
young	O
children	O
and	O
often	O
results	O
in	O
otitis	B-DISO
media	I-DISO
(	O
OM	O
).	O

Virus	B-SPEC
studies	O
were	O
performed	O
for	O
864	O
URI	O
episodes	O
;	O
63	O
%	O
were	O
virus	B-SPEC
positive	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
incidence	O
of	O
OM	O
that	O
complicated	O
URI	O
was	O
61	O
%,	O
including	O
a	O
37	O
%	O
incidence	O
of	O
AOM	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
24	O
%	O
incidence	O
of	O
OME	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
efficacy	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Guangdong	O
province	O
with	O
multi	O
-	O
factor	O
regression	O
analysis	O
].	O

The	O
detail	O
data	O
of	O
1	O
278	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
borderline	O
cases	O
were	O
collected	O
.	O

Subjects	O
who	O
received	O
steroid	B-CHED
(	O
which	O
was	O
converted	O
into	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
)	O
treatment	O
were	O
further	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
:	O
small	O
dose	O
group	O
(<	O
80	O
mg	O
/	O
day	O
);	O
moderate	O
dose	O
group	O
(	O
80	O
-	O
320	O
mg	O
/	O
day	O
);	O
high	O
dose	O
group	O
(>	O
or	O
=	O
320	O
mg	O
/	O
day	O
).	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
COX	O
regression	O
revealed	O
that	O
steroid	B-CHED
was	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
instant	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

(	O
4	O
)	O
Incidence	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
steroid	B-CHED
was	O
3	O
.	O
095	O
times	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
patients	O
without	O
steroid	B-CHED
(	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)=	O
4	O
.	O
289	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
038	O
).	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

At	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
no	O
major	O
neurological	O
deficits	O
were	O
present	O
.	O

Prompt	O
antidote	B-CHED
treatment	O
and	O
aggressive	B-DISO
supportive	O
emergency	B-DISO
and	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
therapy	O
contribute	O
to	O
improved	O
survival	O
after	O
acute	O
organophosphate	O
poisoning	O
.	O

Symptoms	O
always	O
improve	O
with	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

But	O
relapses	O
are	O
frequent	O
after	O
stopping	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
severe	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
AKI	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

This	O
classification	O
was	O
adapted	O
and	O
modified	O
by	O
the	O
Acute	O
Kidney	B-ANAT
Injury	O
Network	O
into	O
the	O
AKI	O
staging	O
system	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
AKI	O
in	O
ICU	O
patients	O
is	O
increasing	O
;	O
severe	O
AKI	O
,	O
treated	O
by	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
(	O
RRT	O
),	O
has	O
now	O
an	O
incidence	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
less	O
severe	O
AKI	O
has	O
an	O
incidence	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
prognosis	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
AKI	O
treated	O
with	O
RRT	O
is	O
still	O
dim	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
mortality	O
rates	O
between	O
50	O
%	O
and	O
60	O
%.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
any	O
HPV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
glans	O
/	O
corona	B-CHED
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
uncircumcised	O
men	O
(	O
46	O
%)	O
than	O
in	O
circumcised	O
men	O
(	O
29	O
%)	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
96	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
),	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
75	O
],	O
adjusted	O
for	O
demographic	O
characteristics	O
and	O
sexual	O
history	O
).	O

We	O
treated	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PRCV	O
)-	O
infected	O
conventional	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
dexamethasone	B-CHED
(	O
DEX	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

PRCV	O
infection	B-DISO
increased	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
frequencies	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
,	O
but	O
DEX	O
treatment	O
of	O
PRCV	O
-	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
reduced	O
frequencies	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
;	O
interestingly	O
B	O
and	O
SWC3a	O
(+)	O
(	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
/	O
granulocytes	B-ANAT
)	O
cell	B-COMP
frequencies	O
were	O
increased	O
.	O

Ninety	O
-	O
five	O
dogs	B-SPEC
and	O
52	O
cats	B-SPEC
presented	O
during	O
a	O
neutering	O
campaign	O
.	O

(	O
1	O
%),	O
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
haemocanis	I-SPEC
(	O
1	O
%)	O
observed	O
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
panleukopenia	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
67	O
%),	O
Toxoplasma	B-SPEC
gondii	I-SPEC
(	O
63	O
%),	O
calicivirus	O
(	O
44	O
%),	O
and	O
herpesvirus	B-SPEC
1	O
(	O
10	O
%)	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
vaccination	O
,	O
a	O
reservoir	O
of	O
susceptible	O
animals	B-SPEC
remains	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
new	O
disease	O
introductions	O
.	O

Data	O
were	O
collected	O
for	O
patient	O
age	O
,	O
neurological	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
associated	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
index	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
immediate	O
postoperative	O
period	O
and	O
period	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

All	O
of	O
the	O
children	O
that	O
developed	O
ARI	B-CHED
presented	O
quadriplegia	B-DISO
.	O

ARI	B-CHED
increased	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
;	O
these	O
children	O
had	O
an	O
average	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
of	O
7	O
days	O
versus	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
for	O
those	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
develop	O
complications	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
ability	O
in	O
embryos	B-ANAT
and	O
replication	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
in	O
chickens	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
carrying	O
the	O
normal	O
3a	O
gene	O
indicated	O
that	O
this	O
deleted	O
sequence	O
in	O
the	O
3a	O
gene	O
of	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LSD	B-PRGE
/	O
03I	O
was	O
not	O
necessary	O
for	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
and	O
replication	O
either	O
in	O
vitro	O
or	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Occurrence	O
of	O
a	O
mutation	O
at	O
the	O
corresponding	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LLN	O
/	O
98I	O
start	O
codon	O
in	O
the	O
3a	O
gene	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
ORF	B-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
in	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
novel	O
genomic	O
organization	O
at	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
encoding	O
regions	O
:	O
S	O
-	O
3b	O
,	O
3c	O
-	O
M	O
-	O
5a	O
,	O
5b	O
-	O
N	O
.	O
Comparison	O
with	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
carrying	O
the	O
normal	O
3a	O
gene	O
revealed	O
that	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LLN	O
/	O
98I	O
had	O
replication	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
abilities	O
in	O
vivo	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
other	O
IBVs	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
its	O
growth	B-PROC
ability	O
in	O
embryos	B-ANAT
was	O
lower	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
lower	O
growth	B-PROC
ability	O
and	O
the	O
ORF	O
3a	O
defect	O
requires	O
further	O
confirmation	O
.	O

This	O
enzyme	O
is	O
a	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
potential	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drugs	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
syncitial	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
human	B-SPEC
Metapneumoviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
hMPVs	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
Bocaviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
hBoVs	O
),	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
hCoVs	O
)	O
was	O
assayed	O
by	O
molecular	O
detection	O
and	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
evaluated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chemokine	O
expression	B-PROC
during	O
mouse	B-SPEC
-	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
:	O
contributions	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
and	O
background	O
genes	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
if	O
chemokine	O
expression	B-PROC
corresponds	O
with	O
the	O
cellular	B-DISO
infiltrate	I-DISO
,	O
chemokine	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
RNA	O
levels	O
from	O
the	O
brains	B-ANAT
of	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
quantified	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
chemokine	O
patterns	O
correspond	O
with	O
the	O
cellular	B-DISO
infiltrate	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
influences	O
levels	O
of	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
,	O
but	O
not	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
,	O
chemokines	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
will	O
first	O
describe	O
the	O
rationale	O
for	O
developing	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccines	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
elucidating	O
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
that	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
potential	O
vaccine	O
components	O
.	O

This	O
suggests	O
that	O
recombinant	O
protein	O
/	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
subunit	O
vaccines	O
containing	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
especially	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
bind	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
could	O
be	O
developed	O
as	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Without	O
its	O
N	O
-	O
finger	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
main	O
protease	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
can	O
form	O
a	O
novel	O
dimer	O
through	O
its	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
finger	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
is	O
not	O
only	O
critical	O
for	O
its	O
dimerization	O
but	O
also	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
enzyme	O
to	O
form	O
the	O
enzymatically	O
active	O
dimer	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
approach	O
we	O
used	O
for	O
armored	O
L	O
-	O
RNA	O
preparation	O
is	O
practical	O
and	O
could	O
reduce	O
the	O
labor	B-PROC
and	O
cost	O
of	O
quality	O
control	O
in	O
multiplex	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
assays	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
capillary	I-DISO
leak	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
during	O
elective	O
surgery	O
under	O
general	B-PROC
anesthesia	I-PROC
.	O

His	O
condition	B-DISO
was	O
well	O
controlled	O
before	O
the	O
operation	O
.	O

Elevated	O
concentrations	O
of	O
the	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
6	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
in	O
both	O
plasma	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
fluid	O
,	O
suggested	O
a	O
possible	O
role	O
of	O
systemic	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
this	O
acute	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
capillary	I-ANAT
leak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
classical	O
concept	O
of	O
the	O
renin	O
-	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	O
(	O
RAS	B-PRGE
)	O
has	O
experienced	O
substantial	O
conceptual	O
changes	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
TNF	O
)-	O
alpha	O
gene	B-PROC
polymorphisms	I-PROC
with	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
prognosis	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
interstitial	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
.	O

At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
-	O
863	O
AC	O
genotype	O
was	O
manifested	O
as	O
another	O
risk	O
effect	O
associated	O
with	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
necrosis	B-PROC
with	O
OR	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
)	O
of	O
6	O
.	O
42	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
53	O
-	O
26	O
.	O
88	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
adjusted	O
OR	O
was	O
8	O
.	O
40	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
76	O
-	O
40	O
.	O
02	O
)	O
in	O
cured	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
compared	O
to	O
CC	O
genotype	O
.	O

SNPs	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
region	I-PRGE
may	O
not	O
associate	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SNPs	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
region	I-PRGE
may	O
not	O
associate	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
experiment	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
directly	O
infect	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
megakaryocytic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
incubation	O
of	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
did	O
not	O
show	O
active	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Amiodarone	O
interferes	O
with	O
the	O
endocytic	O
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
inhibits	O
proteolysis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
causes	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
vacuoles	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
uptake	O
and	O
intracellular	B-COMP
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
drug	O
,	O
origin	O
of	O
vacuoles	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
functional	O
consequences	O
of	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
accumulation	O
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
severe	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
leads	O
to	O
priming	O
and	O
activation	O
of	O
leucocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
reactive	O
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
reactive	B-CHED
nitrogen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
,	O
destruction	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelium	B-ANAT
,	O
extravasation	B-DISO
of	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
fluid	O
into	O
the	O
interstitium	B-ANAT
and	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
oedema	B-DISO
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
H2S	B-CHED
administration	O
attenuated	O
protein	B-PROC
oxidation	B-PROC
following	O
injury	O
and	O
improved	O
the	O
histological	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
significance	O
of	O
endotoxemia	O
in	O
man	O
is	O
controversial	O
,	O
induces	O
cytokine	O
release	B-PATH
and	O
stimulates	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
defined	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
American	O
-	O
European	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
on	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)/	O
F	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
<	O
200	O
)	O
revealed	O
higher	O
endotoxemia	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
22	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
46	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
15	O
]	O
EU	O
/	O
mL	O
vs	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
14	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
63	O
]	O
EU	O
/	O
mL	O
)	O
than	O
ALI	O
(	O
P	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)/	O
F	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
>	O
200	O
)	O
but	O
lower	O
DeltaIL	O
-	O
6	O
(	O
124	O
-	O
209	O
[	O
10	O
-	O
1214	O
]	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
vs	O
298	O
-	O
746	O
[	O
5	O
-	O
1797	O
]	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
),	O
DeltaTNFalpha	O
(	O
50	O
-	O
100	O
[	O
6	O
-	O
660	O
]	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
vs	O
143	O
-	O
243	O
[	O
12	O
-	O
2795	O
]	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
),	O
and	O
DeltaIL	O
-	O
1	O
(	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
[	O
0	O
-	O
26	O
]	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
vs	O
2	O
-	O
14	O
[	O
0	O
-	O
99	O
]	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
).	O

All	O
patients	O
presented	O
antibodies	O
to	O
lipopolysaccharides	B-CHED
and	O
alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
hemolysin	I-PRGE
,	O
but	O
the	O
level	O
did	O
not	O
correlate	O
with	O
P	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)/	O
F	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
).	O

The	O
more	O
severe	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
intense	O
is	O
endotoxemia	O
but	O
the	O
lower	O
is	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
mononuclear	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
release	B-PATH
cytokines	O
(	O
tolerance	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
and	O
biological	O
basis	O
of	O
CTL	B-ANAT
escape	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
escape	O
occurs	O
in	O
many	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
the	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
exhibit	O
CTL	B-ANAT
escape	O
variants	O
with	O
mutations	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
epitope	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
S510	O
).	O

Three	O
phylogenetic	O
groups	O
were	O
identified	O
,	O
including	O
reassortant	O
strains	O
-	O
group	O
1	O
(	O
Victoria	B-SPEC
lineage	O
of	O
HA	O
,	O
Yamagata	O
lineage	O
of	O
NA	O
,	O
clade	O
A	O
of	O
NS	O
),	O
group	O
2	O
(	O
Yamagata	O
lineage	O
of	O
HA	O
,	O
Yamagata	O
lineage	O
of	O
NA	O
,	O
clade	O
A	O
of	O
NS	O
),	O
and	O
group	O
3	O
(	O
Yamagata	O
lineage	O
of	O
HA	O
,	O
Yamagata	O
lineage	O
of	O
NA	O
,	O
clade	O
B	O
of	O
NS	O
).	O

The	O
goal	O
of	O
treatment	O
is	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
multiply	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
.	O

Indications	O
for	O
laparocentesis	O
and	O
peritoneal	O
transudate	B-ANAT
evacuation	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
conventional	O
vaccines	O
,	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
usually	O
induce	O
poor	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
bicistronic	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
is	O
an	O
effective	O
approach	O
to	O
increase	O
IBV	B-SPEC
DNA	O
vaccine	O
immunogenicity	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
showed	O
a	O
time	O
-	O
dependent	O
inhibition	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
a	O
K	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
value	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
microM	O
after	O
4h	O
incubation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
study	O
of	O
Yihuo	O
Qingxia	O
method	O
in	O
treating	O
hyperlipoidemia	O
-	O
related	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
in	O
early	O
stage	O
].	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
four	O
patients	O
with	O
hyperlipoidemia	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
SAP	I-PRGE
were	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
:	O
early	O
group	O
(	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
within	O
3	O
days	O
after	O
onset	O
)	O
and	O
late	O
group	O
(	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
from	O
3	O
days	O
to	O
7	O
days	O
after	O
onset	O
).	O

Yihuo	O
Qingxia	O
method	O
has	O
a	O
good	O
efficacy	O
in	O
treating	O
hyperlipoidemia	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
SAP	I-PRGE
in	O
early	O
stage	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
recently	O
recognized	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
agent	O
of	O
nosocomial	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
NRVI	O
)	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
infants	O
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
samples	O
obtained	O
at	O
admission	O
and	O
weekly	O
thereafter	O
for	O
all	O
hospitalised	O
children	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
monthly	O
nasal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
staff	O
,	O
were	O
analysed	O
using	O
immunofluorescence	O
for	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
A	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
paramyxoviruses	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
and	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
NRVI	O
in	O
neonates	O
were	O
birth	B-PROC
weight	O
,	O
gestational	O
age	O
,	O
ventilation	O
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
hospitalisation	O
length	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
coagulopathy	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
new	O
target	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
--	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
available	O
pre	O
-	O
clinical	O
models	O
.	O

Recent	O
animal	B-SPEC
studies	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
administration	O
of	O
heparins	B-CHED
,	O
activated	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
C	I-PRGE
(	O
APC	B-COMP
),	O
Antithrombin	B-PRGE
(	O
AT	O
),	O
Tissue	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Factor	I-PRGE
VIIa	I-PRGE
(	O
TF	O
-	O
FVIIa	O
)	O
pathway	B-PROC
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
plasminogen	B-PROC
activators	I-PROC
(	O
PA	O
)	O
and	O
thrombomodulin	B-PRGE
(	O
TM	O
)	O
can	O
attenuate	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
coagulopathy	B-DISO
and	O
reduce	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Intrahepatic	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
and	O
Kupffer	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
involved	O
in	O
immunosuppressive	O
cytokines	O
and	O
natural	O
killer	O
(	O
NK	O
)/	O
NK	O
T	O
cell	O
disorders	O
in	O
viral	O
acute	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
acute	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
intrahepatic	O
tolerance	B-DISO
sustained	O
by	O
immunosuppressive	O
cytokines	O
such	O
as	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
4	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
transforming	B-PRGE
growth	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
TGF	O
)-	O
beta	O
and	O
prostaglandin	B-CHED
E2	I-CHED
(	O
PGE2	B-CHED
),	O
produced	O
by	O
Kupffer	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
KC	O
),	O
liver	B-ANAT
sinusoidal	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
LSEC	O
),	O
natural	O
killer	O
(	O
NK	O
)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
natural	O
regulatory	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
may	O
be	O
disturbed	O
.	O

Tracheal	O
swabs	O
from	O
175	O
broiler	O
flocks	O
at	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
were	O
collected	O
.	O

ACE	B-PRGE
cleaves	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
to	O
generate	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
that	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
effector	B-CHED
peptide	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
system	O
and	O
exerts	B-PROC
multiple	O
biological	O
functions	O
,	O
whereas	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
reduces	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
levels	O
and	O
thus	O
is	O
a	O
negative	O
regulator	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
viral	B-PRGE
cysteine	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
critical	O
to	O
the	O
pathogen	O
'	O
s	O
life	O
cycle	O
and	O
hence	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
target	O
of	O
importance	O
.	O

To	O
identify	O
residues	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
NL63	O
that	O
are	O
important	O
for	O
hACE2	O
binding	B-FUNC
,	O
this	O
study	O
first	O
generated	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
S1	O
-	O
truncated	O
variants	O
,	O
examined	O
their	O
associations	O
with	O
the	O
hACE2	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
and	O
subsequently	O
mapped	O
a	O
minimal	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
that	O
consisted	O
of	O
141	O
residues	O
(	O
aa	O
476	O
-	O
616	O
)	O
towards	O
the	O
C	O
terminus	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
results	O
may	O
help	O
to	O
delineate	O
the	O
molecular	O
interactions	O
between	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
NL63	O
and	O
the	O
hACE2	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
may	O
also	O
enhance	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
NL63	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

The	O
pre	O
-	O
existence	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
MV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
induced	O
by	O
the	O
initial	O
immunisation	O
dose	O
did	O
not	O
inhibit	O
boost	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
S	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
N	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Immunisations	O
comprising	O
a	O
mixture	O
of	O
rMV	O
-	O
S	O
and	O
rMV	O
-	O
N	O
induced	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
similar	O
in	O
magnitude	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
vaccine	O
components	O
administered	O
separately	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
support	O
the	O
suitability	O
of	O
MV	O
as	O
a	O
bivalent	O
candidate	O
vaccine	O
vector	O
against	O
MV	O
and	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Homelessness	O
and	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
:	O
lessons	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
key	O
informant	O
interviews	O
with	O
homeless	O
service	O
providers	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
officials	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
17	O
)	O
and	O
identified	O
challenges	O
specific	O
to	O
the	O
homeless	O
population	O
in	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
communication	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
,	O
isolation	O
and	O
quarantine	O
,	O
and	O
resource	O
allocation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
survey	O
of	O
rodent	B-SPEC
-	O
borne	O
pathogens	O
carried	O
by	O
wild	O
-	O
caught	O
Norway	B-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
:	O
a	O
potential	O
threat	O
to	O
laboratory	O
rodent	O
colonies	O
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
rat	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
/	O
sialodacryoadenitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
91	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pulmonis	I-SPEC
(	O
72	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
cilia	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
associated	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
bacillus	I-SPEC
(	O
52	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
rat	B-SPEC
parvovirus	B-DISO
/	O
rat	B-SPEC
minute	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
29	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
Kilham	B-SPEC
rat	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
10	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
Toolan	O
'	O
s	O
H	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
10	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
and	O
Theiler	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
mouse	I-DISO
encephalomyelitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
wild	O
-	O
caught	O
Norway	B-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
.	O

Endoparasites	O
,	O
including	O
Nippostrongylus	B-SPEC
braziliensis	O
(	O
71	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
Rodentolepis	B-SPEC
nana	O
or	O
Hymenolepis	B-SPEC
diminuta	I-SPEC
(	O
34	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
Hetarakis	O
spumosa	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
and	O
Trichuris	B-SPEC
muris	I-SPEC
(	O
14	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
ectoparasites	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
wild	O
-	O
caught	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
victims	O
,	O
tracheobronchial	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
increase	O
rapidly	O
and	O
high	O
initial	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
may	O
predict	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
different	O
immunization	O
protocols	O
and	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
on	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
inactivated	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
.	O

We	O
attempted	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
different	O
immunization	O
protocols	O
and	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Snakebite	O
envenoming	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
medical	O
emergency	B-DISO
in	O
Kerala	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
factors	O
leading	O
to	O
complications	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
well	O
studied	O
.	O

To	O
study	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
,	O
factors	O
involved	O
in	O
complications	O
and	O
the	O
outcomes	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
timing	O
of	O
polyvalent	O
snake	B-SPEC
antivenom	O
(	O
SAV	O
)	O
administration	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
snakebite	O
envenoming	O
.	O

Capillary	B-DISO
leak	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
respiratory	O
paralysis	O
and	O
intracerebral	O
bleeding	B-DISO
were	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
mortality	O
.	O

Between	O
November	O
2003	O
and	O
November	O
2006	O
,	O
59	O
bronchoalveolar	O
episodes	O
from	O
55	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
were	O
analysed	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
64	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
patient	O
who	O
had	O
developed	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
right	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
left	O
shunt	O
in	O
a	O
patent	B-DISO
foramen	I-DISO
ovale	I-DISO
one	O
month	O
after	O
right	O
intrapericardiac	O
pneumonectomy	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
initially	O
treated	O
unsuccessfully	O
with	O
bronchodilators	O
,	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
right	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
left	O
interatrial	O
shunt	O
through	O
a	O
patent	B-DISO
foramen	I-DISO
ovale	I-DISO
was	O
documented	O
by	O
transesophageal	O
echocardiography	O
24	O
h	O
after	O
admission	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Phytochemical	O
analysis	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
of	O
the	O
essential	O
oils	O
of	O
seven	O
Lebanon	O
species	O
.	O

Essential	O
oils	O
have	O
been	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
vitro	O
by	O
visually	O
scoring	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
cytopathogenic	O
effect	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
developed	O
a	O
new	O
system	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
viral	O
nucleic	O
acids	O
because	O
rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
pathogens	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
prevent	O
potential	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
system	O
,	O
named	O
rapid	O
determination	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
sequences	O
(	O
RDV	B-SPEC
),	O
involves	O
whole	O
-	O
genome	O
amplification	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
new	O
direct	O
sequencing	O
technique	O
.	O

A	O
PBS	B-DISO
control	O
and	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
group	O
without	O
previous	O
virus	B-SPEC
inoculation	O
were	O
also	O
included	O
.	O

From	O
1	O
to	O
4dpi	O
,	O
NO	O
production	O
by	O
PBMC	O
from	O
all	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
animals	B-SPEC
was	O
elevated	O
compared	O
to	O
PBS	B-DISO
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
mRNA	B-CHED
of	O
human	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
efficiently	O
in	O
the	O
normal	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
cartilage	B-ANAT
and	O
cancellous	B-ANAT
bone	I-ANAT
under	O
the	O
weight	O
-	O
bearing	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
novel	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-PRGE
metapneumovirus	I-PRGE
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
),	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	O
NL63	O
)	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBoV	O
),	O
in	O
wheezing	B-DISO
illness	O
in	O
children	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
well	O
studied	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
Africa	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reduced	O
incorporation	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
into	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
due	O
to	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
substitutions	I-PROC
within	O
the	O
receptor	O
binding	O
domain	O
.	O

Carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
poisoning	O
from	O
such	O
a	O
source	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
extremely	O
rare	O
.	O

The	O
53	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
father	O
performed	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
on	O
his	O
son	O
but	O
soon	O
lost	B-CHED
consciousness	O
.	O

Her	O
symptoms	O
improved	O
after	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

Acardiac	O
twinning	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
extreme	O
manifestation	O
of	O
the	O
twin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
twin	I-DISO
transfusion	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
occurs	O
in	O
1	O
in	O
100	O
monozygotic	O
twin	O
pregnancies	B-PROC
and	O
1	O
in	O
35	O
,	O
000	O
births	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
diamnionic	O
monochorionic	O
female	O
twins	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
acardiac	B-DISO
twin	I-DISO
demonstrated	O
severe	O
hydrops	B-DISO
fetalis	I-DISO
and	O
bilateral	O
talipes	O
varus	B-DISO
deformity	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
acardiac	O
fetus	B-ANAT
had	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
vessel	B-ANAT
umbilical	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
measuring	O
43	O
.	O
5	O
cm	O
in	O
length	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
cm	O
in	O
diameter	O
.	O

The	O
fetus	B-ANAT
was	O
severely	O
hydropic	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
overall	O
increase	O
in	O
knowledge	O
of	O
bioevent	O
preparedness	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
participants	O
gave	O
high	O
ratings	O
for	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
PBL	O
process	O
;	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
participants	O
found	O
value	O
in	O
the	O
multidisciplinary	O
group	O
process	O
;	O
and	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
participants	O
strongly	O
agreed	O
that	O
they	O
preferred	O
the	O
PBL	O
process	O
to	O
the	O
traditional	O
lecture	O
format	O
for	O
learning	B-PROC
about	O
bioevent	O
preparedness	O
.	O

The	O
other	O
40	O
%	O
will	O
develop	O
symptomatic	O
disease	O
that	O
manifests	O
with	O
variable	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
predominantly	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
we	O
highlight	O
the	O
similarities	O
and	O
differences	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
emphasize	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
appropriate	O
sampling	O
for	O
laboratory	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
the	O
latter	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
There	O
were	O
three	O
events	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
China	O
from	O
2003	O
to	O
2004	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Proteomics	O
analysis	O
unravels	O
the	O
functional	O
repertoire	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
3	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
growth	B-PROC
are	O
dependent	O
on	O
initiating	O
signaling	B-PROC
and	O
enzyme	O
actions	O
upon	O
viral	O
entry	O
into	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
.	O

Mass	O
spectrometry	O
and	O
kinase	O
profiling	O
techniques	O
identified	O
nearly	O
200	O
incorporated	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

One	O
of	O
these	O
domains	O
is	O
located	O
within	O
the	O
previously	O
described	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
unique	O
domain	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
chaperone	O
-	O
like	O
domain	O
located	O
immediately	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
domain	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
systemic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
both	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
and	O
widespread	O
extrapulmonary	O
virus	B-SPEC
dissemination	O
causing	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
injuries	O
.	O

Immortalized	O
cultures	O
of	O
differentiated	B-PROC
proximal	O
tubular	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PTEC	O
),	O
glomerular	B-ANAT
mesangial	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
MC	O
),	O
and	O
glomerular	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
podocytes	O
)	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
express	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
receptor	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
on	O
their	O
surface	O
.	O

This	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
variant	O
acquired	O
a	O
single	O
nonconservative	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
change	O
from	O
glutamic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
E	O
)	O
to	O
alanine	B-CHED
(	O
A	O
)	O
at	O
position	O
11	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
analysis	O
shows	O
no	O
consistent	O
correlation	O
between	O
frameshifting	O
efficiency	O
and	O
global	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
downstream	O
mRNA	B-CHED
structure	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
also	O
illustrates	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
siRNA	O
to	O
enable	O
a	O
massive	O
reduction	O
in	O
development	B-PROC
time	O
for	O
novel	O
targeted	B-PROC
therapeutic	O
agents	O
.	O

We	O
detail	O
a	O
representative	O
example	O
of	O
large	O
-	O
mammal	B-SPEC
siRNA	O
use	O
.	O

Fluorescence	O
from	O
CFP	O
and	O
YFP	O
was	O
in	O
each	O
case	O
observed	O
in	O
separate	O
areas	O
in	O
both	O
inoculated	O
and	O
upper	O
uninoculated	O
leaves	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
populations	O
of	O
identical	O
,	O
but	O
differently	O
labeled	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
replicated	O
and	O
distributed	O
in	O
discrete	O
areas	O
of	O
infected	O
leaves	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Materno	O
-	O
fetal	B-ANAT
transmission	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
:	O
a	O
prospective	O
pilot	O
study	O
.	O

Possible	O
vertical	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
of	O
HCoV	O
was	O
hypothesized	O
in	O
this	O
pilot	O
study	O
and	O
requires	O
further	O
investigation	O
on	O
a	O
larger	O
scale	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Based	O
on	O
a	O
five	O
-	O
letter	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
20	O
amino	O
acids	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
a	O
new	O
2	O
-	O
D	O
graphical	O
representation	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
sequence	O
.	O

Then	O
we	O
transform	O
the	O
2	O
-	O
D	O
graphical	O
representation	O
into	O
a	O
numerical	O
characterization	O
that	O
will	O
facilitate	O
quantitative	O
comparisons	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
sequences	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
:	O
the	O
challenge	O
for	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
biodefense	O
.	O

Models	O
that	O
strive	O
to	O
predict	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
agents	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
but	O
can	O
also	O
blind	B-DISO
us	O
to	O
increasing	O
disease	O
risks	O
if	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
match	O
a	O
specific	O
model	O
.	O

Zoonoses	B-DISO
must	O
be	O
dealt	O
with	O
at	O
the	O
interface	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
health	O
by	O
all	O
available	O
information	O
.	O

25	O
kg	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
failed	O
conventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
due	O
to	O
refractory	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
or	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
and	O
high	O
plateau	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressures	O
.	O

Most	O
adults	O
can	O
maintain	O
adequate	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
using	O
HFO	O
frequencies	O
well	O
above	O
5	O
-	O
6	O
Hz	O
.	O

Use	O
of	O
higher	O
frequencies	O
should	O
minimize	O
tidal	O
volume	O
and	O
we	O
speculate	O
might	O
thereby	O
reduce	O
ventilator	O
-	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protective	O
effects	O
of	O
propofol	B-CHED
on	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
induced	O
by	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
in	O
conscious	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

Histopathological	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
was	O
performed	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
significantly	O
increased	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
factors	O
but	O
depressed	O
Na	B-PRGE
+-	I-PRGE
K	I-PRGE
+-	I-PRGE
ATPase	I-PRGE
.	O

As	O
no	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
or	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
are	O
available	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
effective	O
measure	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
expansion	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
is	O
the	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
isolation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
information	O
about	O
binding	B-FUNC
sites	O
and	O
epitopes	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
for	O
analyzing	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
grows	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
tissues	B-ANAT
that	O
express	O
its	O
receptor	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
mechanism	O
for	O
high	O
replication	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
understood	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evidence	O
-	O
based	O
therapy	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
an	O
algorithm	O
-	O
guided	O
approach	O
.	O

Criteria	O
for	O
administration	O
,	O
weaning	B-PROC
and	O
discontinuation	O
of	O
these	O
supportive	O
interventions	O
have	O
never	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
detail	O
.	O

The	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
T10651C	O
mutation	O
into	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
MHV	B-SPEC
clone	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
recovery	O
of	O
a	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
V148A	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
that	O
demonstrated	O
reduced	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
activity	O
identical	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
Alb	B-PRGE
/	O
ts	O
/	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
/	O
V148A	O
at	O
the	O
nonpermissive	O
temperature	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
40	O
degrees	O
C	O
revertants	O
of	O
Alb	B-PRGE
/	O
ts	O
/	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
/	O
V148A	O
identified	O
primary	O
reversion	O
to	O
Ala148Val	O
in	O
nsp5	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
two	O
independent	O
second	O
-	O
site	O
mutations	O
resulting	O
in	O
Ser133Asn	O
and	O
His134Tyr	O
substitutions	O
in	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
.	O

Modeling	O
of	O
the	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
structure	O
of	O
Alb	B-PRGE
/	O
ts	O
/	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
/	O
V148A	O
predicted	O
that	O
the	O
Val148Ala	O
mutation	O
alters	O
residue	O
148	O
interactions	O
with	O
residues	O
of	O
the	O
substrate	O
binding	B-FUNC
S1	O
subsite	O
of	O
the	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
active	O
-	O
site	O
cavity	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
identifies	O
novel	O
residues	O
in	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
that	O
may	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
regulating	O
substrate	O
specificity	O
and	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
proteinase	I-PRGE
activity	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
these	O
strains	O
also	O
differ	O
in	O
their	O
abilities	O
to	O
infect	O
a	O
particular	O
cell	B-COMP
type	I-COMP
(	O
s	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
these	O
observations	O
suggest	O
that	O
isogenic	O
demyelinating	O
and	O
nondemyelinating	O
strains	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
,	O
differing	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
expressed	B-PROC
,	O
infect	O
neurons	B-ANAT
and	O
glial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
different	O
proportions	O
and	O
that	O
differential	O
tropism	B-PROC
to	O
a	O
particular	O
CNS	B-CHED
cell	B-COMP
type	I-COMP
may	O
play	O
a	O
significant	O
role	O
in	O
mediating	O
the	O
onset	O
and	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
were	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
(	O
53	O
%)	O
of	O
bronchiolites	O
in	O
children	O
had	O
like	O
etiology	O
RSV	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
had	O
double	O
viral	O
etiology	O
(	O
26	O
%	O
RSV	O
+	O
Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
;	O
2	O
,	O
7	O
%	O
RSV	B-SPEC
+	I-SPEC
HMPV	I-SPEC
and	O
1	O
%	O
RSV	B-SPEC
+	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
newborn	O
calves	O
,	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
winter	B-DISO
dysentery	I-DISO
in	O
adult	O
cattle	B-SPEC
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
calves	O
and	O
feedlot	O
cattle	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
describes	O
a	O
strategy	O
for	O
the	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
directly	O
from	O
fecal	B-ANAT
diarrheic	O
specimens	O
that	O
were	O
previously	O
identified	O
as	O
BCoV	O
positive	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
for	O
N	O
gene	O
detection	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
,	O
these	O
strains	O
clustered	O
with	O
the	O
American	O
(	O
BCoV	O
-	O
ENT	B-ANAT
,	O
182NS	O
)	O
and	O
Canadian	O
(	O
BCQ20	O
,	O
BCQ2070	O
,	O
BCQ9	O
,	O
BCQ571	O
,	O
BCQ1523	O
)	O
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
Canadian	O
winter	B-DISO
dysentery	I-DISO
(	O
BCQ7373	O
,	O
BCQ2590	O
)	O
strains	O
,	O
but	O
clustered	O
on	O
a	O
separate	O
branch	B-ANAT
of	I-ANAT
the	O
Korean	O
and	O
respiratory	O
BCoV	O
strains	O
.	O

Some	O
veterinarians	O
prescribe	O
immune	O
modulators	O
to	O
treat	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
with	O
no	O
documented	O
controlled	O
evidence	O
of	O
efficacy	O
.	O

The	O
internal	O
control	O
primers	O
and	O
probe	O
target	O
a	O
region	O
in	O
the	O
coat	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
coli	I-PRGE
F	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
bacteriophage	B-SPEC
ms2	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
is	O
contained	O
within	O
the	O
aRNA	B-SPEC
.	O

Because	O
it	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
obtain	O
regulatory	O
approval	O
of	O
vaccine	O
based	O
on	O
live	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
constructed	O
a	O
replication	O
-	O
defective	O
single	O
-	O
cycle	O
VSV	O
vector	O
in	O
which	O
we	O
replaced	O
the	O
VSV	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
G	O
)	O
gene	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Our	O
results	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
earlier	O
studies	O
showing	O
potent	O
induction	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
by	O
single	O
-	O
cycle	O
vectors	O
,	O
indicate	O
that	O
these	O
vectors	O
are	O
excellent	O
alternatives	O
to	O
live	O
-	O
attenuated	O
VSV	O
.	O

Inhibition	O
of	O
ciliostasis	O
was	O
also	O
observed	O
when	O
TOCs	O
were	O
pretreated	O
with	O
an	O
alpha2	B-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
neuraminidase	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
alpha2	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
linked	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Prospective	O
,	O
multicenter	O
study	O
of	O
mortality	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
25	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
in	O
China	O
].	O

ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
1994	O
American	O
-	O
European	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
criteria	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
was	O
designated	O
to	O
investigate	O
whether	O
extravascular	O
lung	O
water	B-CHED
index	O
(	O
EVLI	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
independent	O
predictor	O
for	O
mortality	O
outcome	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
fragment	I-PRGE
was	O
cloned	O
and	O
expressed	O
as	O
a	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
fused	O
with	O
a	O
V5	B-PRGE
tag	I-PRGE
at	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminus	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Translation	B-PROC
initiated	O
in	O
-	O
frame	O
from	O
the	O
third	O
Met	B-CHED
is	O
unusual	O
since	O
the	O
sequence	O
around	O
the	O
first	O
Met	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
contains	O
the	O
optimal	O
consensus	O
Kozak	O
sequence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
prevalence	O
patterns	O
of	O
group	O
I	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
northern	O
Germany	O
.	O

The	O
lineages	O
formed	O
a	O
monophyletic	O
clade	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
found	O
in	O
northern	O
Germany	O
.	O

These	O
mini	O
-	O
GST	B-PRGE
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
scanned	O
by	O
ELISA	O
and	O
Western	O
blotting	O
with	O
the	O
six	O
McAbs	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
result	O
showed	O
that	O
S1D5	O
(	O
residues	O
744	O
-	O
759	O
)	O
and	O
S1D6	O
(	O
residues	O
756	O
-	O
771	O
)	O
are	O
two	O
linear	O
epitopes	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
anticomplementary	O
activity	O
was	O
evaluated	O
from	O
hemolytic	O
assays	O
through	O
the	O
classical	O
pathway	B-PROC
(	O
CP	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
alternative	O
pathway	B-PROC
(	O
AP	O
)	O
of	O
complement	O
system	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Vascular	B-DISO
lesions	I-DISO
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
degeneration	B-DISO
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
perivascular	O
and	O
intramural	O
oedema	B-DISO
,	O
fibrinoid	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
,	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
,	O
perivasculitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
vascular	B-ANAT
thrombi	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
in	O
all	O
cases	O
,	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
PCV2	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
.	O

Twelve	O
of	O
17	O
(	O
70	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
nursing	B-PROC
staff	O
who	O
developed	O
SARS	B-DISO
worked	O
with	O
another	O
nursing	B-PROC
staff	O
who	O
was	O
symptomatic	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
relaxations	O
of	O
precautions	O
were	O
temporally	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
hospital	O
staff	O
,	O
other	O
patients	O
and	O
visitors	O
at	O
Hospital	O
X	O
.	O
As	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
this	O
outbreak	O
significant	O
changes	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
control	O
practices	O
within	O
Canada	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
hyperglycosemia	O
were	O
high	O
risk	O
factors	O
.	O

The	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
ACE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
expressed	B-PROC
at	O
the	O
apical	O
domain	O
of	O
polarized	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
data	O
might	O
provide	O
an	O
important	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
allowing	O
further	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapies	O
for	O
treating	O
SARS	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
related	O
3C	O
and	O
3C	O
-	O
like	O
proteinase	O
(	O
3C	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
))	O
of	O
picornaviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
are	O
good	O
drug	O
targets	O
.	O

As	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
generate	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
these	O
enzymes	O
,	O
we	O
screened	O
a	O
library	O
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
based	O
on	O
a	O
halopyridinyl	O
ester	B-CHED
from	O
a	O
previous	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
3CL	O
proteinase	B-PROC
against	O
Hepatitis	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HAV	B-DISO
)	O
3C	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
).	O

Modeling	O
studies	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
halopyridinyl	O
moiety	O
of	O
the	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
fits	B-DISO
tightly	O
into	O
the	O
S1	O
-	O
binding	O
pocket	O
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
tolerance	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
to	O
modification	O
in	O
this	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
molecule	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
among	O
swine	B-SPEC
workers	O
].	O

Workers	O
at	O
risk	O
include	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
in	O
contact	O
with	O
live	O
or	O
dead	B-PROC
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
aerosols	O
,	O
dust	O
or	O
surfaces	O
contaminated	O
by	O
animal	B-SPEC
secretions	B-ANAT
,	O
persons	O
engaged	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
breeding	B-PROC
and	O
trade	O
,	O
veterinaries	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
laryngeal	B-ANAT
croup	B-DISO
of	O
young	O
children	O
.	O

Acute	O
laryngeal	B-ANAT
croup	B-DISO
is	O
most	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
PIV	O
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Long	O
-	O
standing	B-PROC
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
should	O
be	O
constrained	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
cause	O
severe	O
refractory	O
complications	O
.	O

Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HLA	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
antigranulocyte	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
donated	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
residues	O
Y29	O
and	O
F173	O
of	O
FCoV	O
nsp16	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
functional	O
counterparts	O
of	O
aromatic	O
residues	O
involved	O
in	O
substrate	O
recognition	O
by	O
the	O
vaccinia	B-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
VP39	I-PRGE
,	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
essential	O
for	O
both	O
substrate	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
2	B-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
activity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
previously	O
reported	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
(	O
bat	B-PRGE
CoVs	I-PRGE
1A	I-PRGE
,	O
1B	O
,	O
HKU7	O
,	O
HKU8	O
and	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
Miniopterus	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

However	O
,	O
despite	O
these	O
treatments	O
,	O
he	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

He	O
was	O
administered	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
intravenous	O
pazufloxacin	O
and	O
erythromycin	B-CHED
,	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
sivelestat	O
for	O
two	O
weeks	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
evaluated	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
PCT	B-DISO
in	O
predicting	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
severe	O
CAP	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
well	O
accepted	O
that	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
can	O
worsen	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
potentially	O
worsening	O
systemic	O
organ	B-ANAT
function	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
thus	O
impact	O
on	O
mortality	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Imai	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
(	O
2008	O
)	O
now	O
report	O
that	O
ALI	O
is	O
triggered	O
by	O
the	O
signaling	B-PROC
of	O
oxidized	B-CHED
phospholipids	I-CHED
through	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
the	O
adaptor	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
TRIF	I-PRGE
.	O

Various	O
substitutions	O
in	O
the	O
basic	O
phenothiazine	B-CHED
structure	O
did	O
not	O
promote	O
efficacy	O
.	O

HCl	B-CHED
(	O
IC	O
(	O
50	O
)=	O
195	O
+/-	O
71	O
.	O
2	O
microM	O
).	O

Herein	O
is	O
described	O
a	O
readily	O
quantifiable	O
novel	O
isopeptidase	O
assay	O
platform	O
consisting	O
of	O
Ub	O
or	O
UBL	O
fused	O
to	O
the	O
reporter	B-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
phospholipase	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
(	O
PLA	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)).	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
these	O
studies	O
illustrate	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
the	O
reporter	O
-	O
based	O
approach	O
to	O
measuring	O
isopeptidase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
.	O

A	O
competitive	B-PROC
inhibition	I-PROC
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
2	O
recognized	O
epitopes	O
are	O
distinct	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinicopathologic	O
features	O
of	O
a	O
systemic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
disease	O
resembling	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
domestic	O
ferret	O
(	O
Mustela	B-SPEC
putorius	I-SPEC
).	O

Immunohistochemically	O
,	O
all	O
cases	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
using	I-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
FIPV3	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
70	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
6	O
trials	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
504	O
),	O
prone	O
positioning	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
pressure	B-DISO
ulcers	I-DISO
(	O
RR	O
1	O
.	O
36	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
07	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
71	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
lack	O
of	O
effect	O
of	O
ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
on	O
mortality	O
was	O
similar	O
in	O
trials	O
of	O
prolonged	O
prone	O
positioning	O
and	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Healthcare	O
workers	O
should	O
take	O
adequate	O
respiratory	O
protection	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
strict	O
contact	O
and	O
droplet	O
precautions	O
when	O
managing	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
most	O
promising	O
compounds	O
include	O
carbohydrate	B-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
agents	O
,	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
drugs	O
targeting	B-PROC
a	O
coronaviral	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Histopathological	O
and	O
immunohistochemical	O
stains	O
were	O
employed	O
using	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
for	O
O	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
tsutsugamushi	I-SPEC
and	O
inducible	B-PRGE
nitric	I-PRGE
oxide	I-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
(	O
iNOS	B-PRGE
).	O

Gross	O
inspection	O
revealed	O
oedematous	B-DISO
and	O
haemorrhagic	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

Scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
is	O
usually	O
a	O
mild	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
investigation	O
and	O
analysis	O
suggest	O
direct	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
invasion	O
of	O
the	O
organism	O
and	O
marked	O
iNOS	O
expression	B-PROC
may	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
gene	O
was	O
previously	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
cDNA	O
library	O
of	O
human	B-ANAT
embryo	I-ANAT
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
by	O
its	O
encoded	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
interacts	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
10	O
(	O
nsp	O
-	O
10	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
HEPIS	O
was	O
capable	O
of	O
suppressing	O
chloramphenicol	B-PRGE
acetyltransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
CAT	B-PRGE
)	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
controlled	O
by	O
different	O
enhancerelements	O
in	O
a	O
transcription	B-PROC
assay	O
.	O

Eligible	O
studies	O
reported	O
data	O
on	O
psychiatric	O
morbidity	O
at	O
least	O
once	O
after	O
intensive	O
care	O
treatment	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
four	O
studies	O
that	O
examined	O
relationships	O
between	O
psychiatric	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
found	O
significant	O
negative	O
associations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
economic	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
how	O
does	O
the	O
reality	O
match	O
the	O
predictions	O
?	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Refractory	O
infectious	B-DISO
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
place	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
frequent	O
cause	O
of	O
admission	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

One	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
progressive	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Progressive	B-DISO
supranuclear	I-DISO
palsy	I-DISO
(	O
PSP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
classically	O
characterized	O
by	O
supranuclear	B-DISO
ophthalmoplegia	I-DISO
,	O
paroxysmal	O
imbalance	B-DISO
with	O
backward	O
falling	O
,	O
axial	O
dystonia	B-DISO
,	O
rigidity	B-DISO
,	O
pseudobulbar	B-DISO
palsy	I-DISO
and	O
cognitive	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
incomplete	O
or	O
atypical	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
has	O
been	O
previously	O
reported	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
all	O
these	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
patients	O
had	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
(	O
ophthalmoplegia	B-DISO
,	O
parkinsonian	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
or	O
cognitive	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
).	O

A	O
few	O
months	O
later	O
she	O
developed	O
severe	O
swallowing	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
,	O
caused	O
by	O
achalasia	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
esophageal	I-ANAT
sphincter	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
responsible	O
for	O
recurrent	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
prevailing	O
to	O
tracheotomy	O
and	O
gastrostomy	B-DISO
.	O

Statistical	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
positive	O
relationship	O
(	O
R2	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
88	O
)	O
between	O
organic	O
matter	O
and	O
total	O
PAHs	B-CHED
thus	O
it	O
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
indicator	B-CHED
for	O
PAHs	B-CHED
in	O
HW	O
ashes	O
.	O

The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
exposed	O
the	O
vulnerability	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
and	O
highlighted	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
establishing	O
stringent	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
and	O
crisis	O
management	O
protocols	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
three	O
fragments	O
[	O
N1	O
(	O
residues	O
:	O
1	O
-	O
422	O
);	O
N2	O
(	O
residues	O
:	O
1	O
-	O
109	O
);	O
N3	O
(	O
residues	O
:	O
110	O
-	O
422	O
)]	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
analyzed	O
by	O
pooled	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
convalescence	O
phase	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Specific	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
could	O
be	O
induced	O
significantly	O
by	O
inoculating	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
N1	O
and	O
N3	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
levels	O
in	O
N3	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
for	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG1	B-COMP
but	O
not	O
IgG2a	B-COMP
)	O
and	O
cell	B-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
but	O
not	O
in	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+):	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
assay	O
compared	O
to	O
N1	O
vaccine	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Data	O
-	O
driven	O
exploration	O
of	O
'	O
spatial	O
pattern	O
-	O
time	O
process	O
-	O
driving	O
forces	O
'	O
associations	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Beijing	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
first	O
reported	O
in	O
November	O
2002	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
spreads	O
to	O
about	O
30	O
countries	O
over	O
the	O
next	O
few	O
months	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
study	O
of	O
associations	O
between	O
important	O
SARS	B-DISO
characteristics	O
considerably	O
enhanced	O
the	O
mainstream	O
epidemic	O
analysis	O
and	O
improved	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
relationships	O
between	O
the	O
observed	O
epidemic	O
determinants	O
.	O

The	O
response	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
transmission	O
to	O
various	O
epidemic	O
control	O
factors	O
was	O
simulated	O
,	O
target	O
areas	O
were	O
detected	O
,	O
critical	O
time	O
and	O
relevant	O
factors	O
were	O
determined	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
parallel	O
experiment	O
,	O
we	O
employed	O
a	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
luc	O
/	O
SARS	B-DISO
pseudotyped	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
inhibition	B-PROC
assay	O
to	O
screen	O
for	O
potent	O
inhibitory	O
activities	O
on	O
HR	O
peptides	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
HR	O
regions	O
and	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
other	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
drugs	O
.	O

ADS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
J1	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
interfere	O
with	O
the	O
fusogenesis	O
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
onto	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
cells	B-COMP
,	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
highest	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
luc	O
/	O
SARS	B-DISO
pseudotyped	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
entry	O
inhibition	B-PROC
activity	O
among	O
the	O
other	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
drugs	O
.	O

Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
induced	O
successfully	O
by	O
intratracheal	O
administration	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
in	O
male	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ethyl	B-CHED
pyruvate	B-CHED
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
ethyl	B-CHED
pyruvate	B-CHED
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
survival	O
and	O
ameliorate	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
preclinical	O
models	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illnesses	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
burn	O
injury	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
and	O
stroke	B-DISO
.	O

Ethyl	B-CHED
pyruvate	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
simple	O
molecule	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
salutary	O
effects	O
in	O
numerous	O
large	O
and	O
small	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
classified	O
patients	O
as	O
having	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
Nipah	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
if	O
they	O
had	O
antibodies	B-COMP
reactive	O
with	O
Nipah	B-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

Among	O
patients	O
with	O
Nipah	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
who	O
had	O
well	O
-	O
defined	O
exposure	O
to	O
another	O
patient	O
infected	O
with	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
the	O
median	O
incubation	O
period	O
was	O
9	O
days	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
11	O
days	O
).	O

Nipah	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
produced	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
severe	O
illness	O
affecting	O
the	O
central	O
nervous	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
systems	I-ANAT
.	O

HFOV	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
after	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
for	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
+/-	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
As	O
a	O
relatively	O
late	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
after	O
failure	O
of	O
CMV	B-SPEC
,	O
HFOV	O
may	O
improve	O
PaCO2	O
and	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
are	O
warranted	O
to	O
consider	O
other	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
in	O
efforts	O
to	O
find	O
better	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
for	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccines	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
technology	O
used	O
in	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
but	O
potentially	O
reversible	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
inhibits	O
cell	B-COMP
cytokinesis	B-PROC
and	O
proliferation	B-DISO
by	O
interacting	O
with	O
translation	B-PRGE
elongation	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
1alpha	I-PRGE
.	O

Using	O
a	O
yeast	B-SPEC
two	O
-	O
hybrid	O
screen	O
with	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
bait	O
,	O
the	O
C	O
terminus	O
(	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
251	O
to	O
422	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
found	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
elongation	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
1	O
-	O
alpha	O
(	O
EF1alpha	B-PRGE
),	O
an	O
essential	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
translational	B-PROC
machinery	O
with	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
cytokinesis	B-PROC
,	O
promoting	O
the	O
bundling	O
of	O
filamentous	B-COMP
actin	I-COMP
(	O
F	B-COMP
-	I-COMP
actin	I-COMP
).	O

Proliferation	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
other	O
human	B-SPEC
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
was	O
significantly	O
inhibited	O
by	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
recombinant	O
retrovirus	B-SPEC
expressing	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
encodes	O
numerous	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
whose	O
importance	O
in	O
the	O
natural	O
infection	B-DISO
process	O
is	O
currently	O
unclear	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
protein	B-CHED
6	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
from	O
plasmid	O
DNAs	O
and	O
accumulated	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
prior	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
a	O
chimeric	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
bearing	O
the	O
critical	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
helix	O
from	O
civet	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
remaining	O
peptidase	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
from	O
human	B-SPEC
was	O
constructed	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
shown	O
that	O
this	O
construct	O
has	O
the	O
same	O
receptor	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
as	O
civet	B-SPEC
ACE2	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
the	O
chimeric	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
complexed	O
with	O
RBDs	O
from	O
various	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
civet	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
strains	O
were	O
determined	O
.	O

These	O
structures	O
,	O
combined	O
with	O
a	O
previously	O
determined	O
structure	O
of	O
human	O
ACE2	O
complexed	O
with	O
the	O
RBD	O
from	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
strain	O
,	O
have	O
revealed	O
a	O
structural	O
basis	O
for	O
understanding	O
the	O
major	O
species	B-SPEC
barriers	O
between	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
civets	B-SPEC
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
discovery	O
of	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
homologue	O
of	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
,	O
termed	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
and	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
share	O
homology	O
in	O
their	O
catalytic	O
domain	O
and	O
provide	O
different	O
key	O
functions	O
in	O
the	O
renin	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-PATH
(	O
RAS	B-PRGE
).	O

Notably	O
,	O
injection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
Spike	O
into	O
mice	B-SPEC
worsens	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
failure	O
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
attenuated	O
by	O
blocking	B-DISO
the	O
renin	B-PRGE
-	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
RAS	B-CHED
influences	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

They	O
comprise	O
obstructive	O
ventilatory	O
defects	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
inhalation	B-PROC
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
restrictive	O
defects	O
secondary	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
or	O
to	O
dermal	O
injury	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
female	O
patient	O
,	O
extensively	O
burnt	O
2	O
years	O
previously	O
,	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
complicating	O
COPD	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
data	O
establish	O
a	O
vital	O
functional	O
dependence	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
on	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
membrane	B-COMP
structures	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
lacking	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
highly	O
attenuated	O
in	O
the	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
hACE	O
-	O
2	O
Tg	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
minimal	O
rSARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
Delta	O
[	O
6	O
-	O
9b	O
]	O
and	O
wt	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Multiple	O
-	O
factor	O
Logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
MODS	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
67	O
.	O
358	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
9	O
.	O
716	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
and	O
ACS	B-FUNC
(	O
OR	O
=	O
5	O
.	O
775	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
were	O
the	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
affecting	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
SAP	B-PRGE
during	O
its	O
early	O
stage	O
,	O
whereas	O
pancreatic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
9	O
.	O
652	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
MODS	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
5	O
.	O
212	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
celiac	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
707	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
were	O
the	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
during	O
the	O
advanced	O
stage	O
of	O
SAP	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
report	O
our	O
experience	O
with	O
three	O
patients	O
who	O
underwent	O
total	O
hepatectomy	O
and	O
protocaval	O
shunt	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
(	O
two	O
-	O
stage	O
procedure	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Appraisal	O
of	O
recommended	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
control	O
practices	O
in	O
primary	O
care	O
and	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
settings	O
.	O

Use	O
of	O
recommended	O
measures	O
was	O
generally	O
higher	O
among	O
nursing	B-PROC
staff	O
than	O
medical	O
practitioners	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
found	O
significant	O
gaps	O
in	O
adherence	O
to	O
CDC	O
recommendations	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
ambulatory	O
care	O
clinical	O
settings	O
.	O

Toward	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
previous	O
outbreaks	O
merit	O
consideration	O
and	O
may	O
inform	O
future	O
epidemics	O
.	O

These	O
included	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
communication	O
strategies	O
for	O
responding	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
;	O
easing	O
vulnerability	O
among	O
all	O
stakeholders	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
rapid	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
practice	O
guidelines	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Given	O
the	O
continuing	O
threat	O
of	O
current	O
and	O
future	O
airborne	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
potential	O
for	O
epidemic	O
spread	O
and	O
devastating	O
outcomes	O
,	O
preparedness	O
strategies	O
are	O
certainly	O
needed	O
.	O

Five	O
coronaviruses	O
currently	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
:	O
HCoVs	O
229E	O
and	O
OC43	O
,	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
1960s	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
identified	O
in	O
March	O
2003	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
HCoVs	O
NL63	O
and	O
HKU1	O
,	O
identified	O
in	O
2004	O
and	O
2005	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
is	O
a	O
linear	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
segmented	O
,	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
molecule	O
of	O
approximately	O
30kb	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
may	O
be	O
also	O
involved	O
in	O
enteric	O
and	O
neurologic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
Seeplex	O
RV	O
detection	O
kit	B-FUNC
for	O
detecting	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
coronavirus	O
].	O

The	O
early	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
diagnostics	O
is	O
now	O
being	O
replaced	O
by	O
refinement	O
and	O
optimization	O
of	O
these	O
assays	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
manifestations	O
.	O

The	O
aetiological	O
agent	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spread	O
by	O
droplet	O
transmission	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
serum	B-COMP
LD	O
isoenzymes	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
subsets	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
and	O
found	O
LD1	O
activity	O
as	O
the	O
best	O
biochemical	O
prognostic	O
indicator	B-CHED
for	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
while	O
CD3	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
CD4	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
natural	B-ANAT
killer	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
counts	O
were	O
promising	O
predictors	O
for	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
admission	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
variety	O
of	O
intervention	O
measures	O
exist	O
to	O
prevent	O
and	O
control	O
diseases	O
with	O
pandemic	O
potential	O
like	O
SARS	O
or	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

Mitral	B-ANAT
valve	I-ANAT
plasty	O
was	O
performed	O
successfully	O
.	O

Although	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
etiologically	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
functional	O
cell	B-COMP
receptor	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
,	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
largely	O
unclear	O
.	O

A	O
type	O
of	O
medium	O
or	O
low	O
titer	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
lung	I-PRGE
tissue	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
at	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Anti	O
-	O
EN	O
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
positive	O
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
40	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Adult	O
murine	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
which	O
had	O
significantly	O
higher	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
4	O
and	O
lower	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
13	I-FUNC
levels	O
before	O
infection	B-DISO
than	O
young	O
murine	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
rapidly	O
produced	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
proinflammatory	O
chemokines	O
and	O
cytokines	O
known	O
to	O
induce	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
and	O
activation	O
(	O
eg	O
,	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
).	O

Intravenous	O
injection	O
with	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
tumor	I-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
3	O
hours	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
had	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
describes	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
gene	O
by	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
functionalized	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
and	O
PCR	O
-	O
based	O
assay	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
TCoV	O
genome	O
is	O
organized	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
5	O
'	O
UTR	O
--	O
replicase	B-PRGE
(	O
ORFs	B-PRGE
1a	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
1b	I-PRGE
)--	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
--	I-PRGE
ORF3	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
ORFs	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
)--	I-PRGE
small	I-PRGE
envelop	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
or	I-PRGE
3c	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
--	I-PRGE
membrane	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
--	I-PRGE
ORF5	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
ORFs	I-PRGE
X	I-PRGE
,	O
5a	O
,	O
5b	O
)--	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
--	O
3	O
'	O
UTR	O
--	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
).	O

The	O
genotypes	O
of	O
4SNPs	O
on	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
RB1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
+	O
705A	O
/	O
G	O
,+	O
1158T	O
/	O
C	O
,	O
+	B-PRGE
1196G	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
1664	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
/	O
T	O
,	O
were	O
determined	O
by	O
PCR	O
-	O
RFLP	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
genetic	O
variants	O
of	O
IL12RB1confer	O
genetic	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
not	O
necessary	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
in	O
Chinese	O
population	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
estimation	O
of	O
the	O
frequencies	O
of	O
multiple	O
-	O
locus	O
haplotypes	O
revealed	O
potential	O
risk	O
haplotypes	O
(	O
GCCT	O
)	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
also	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
vRNA	O
from	O
total	O
RNA	O
samples	O
,	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
capturing	O
,	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
false	O
-	O
positive	O
hits	O
and	O
increased	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
method	O
as	O
tested	O
on	O
different	O
array	O
platforms	O
.	O

By	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
revealed	O
that	O
HC	O
increased	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
aspect	O
,	O
HC	O
exhibited	O
significant	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
on	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
))	O
and	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
).	O

This	O
study	O
used	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
),	O
histopathology	O
and	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
analysis	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ALI	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
berghei	I-SPEC
ANKA	O
(	O
PbA	B-CHED
).	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
,	O
BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
cell	B-COMP
counts	O
remained	O
constant	O
with	O
no	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
.	O

No	O
similar	O
comprehensive	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
bovine	B-SPEC
fetuses	B-ANAT
.	O

Hospital	O
emergency	B-DISO
planning	O
could	O
be	O
more	O
robust	O
by	O
including	O
additional	O
organizational	O
supports	O
such	O
as	O
emotional	O
/	O
psychological	B-DISO
support	O
services	O
,	O
delineating	O
management	O
responsibilities	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
resources	O
,	O
vaccine	O
/	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
planning	O
,	O
recognition	O
/	O
compensation	B-PROC
,	O
media	B-ANAT
strategies	O
,	O
and	O
professional	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
authors	O
provide	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
recommendations	O
for	O
consideration	O
in	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
pandemic	O
plan	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
to	O
better	O
support	O
the	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
in	O
their	O
roles	O
as	O
first	O
responders	O
.	O

Intriguingly	O
,	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
judged	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
analysis	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
,	O
was	O
significantly	O
attenuated	O
by	O
deletion	O
of	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
tail	I-ANAT
of	O
ACE2	O
or	O
knock	O
-	O
down	O
of	O
TACE	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
by	O
siRNA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
causes	O
neuronal	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
encephalitis	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
transgenic	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
ACE2	O
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
close	O
relative	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
either	O
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
hospitalization	O
of	O
young	O
children	O
,	O
immunocompromised	O
persons	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
elderly	O
.	O

The	O
longitudinal	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
13	O
newborns	O
,	O
and	O
data	O
for	O
those	O
newborns	O
were	O
available	O
from	O
multiple	O
time	O
points	O
spanning	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
18	O
months	O
.	O

The	O
adrenocorticotrophic	O
hormone	B-CHED
stimulation	O
test	O
should	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
those	O
patients	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
who	O
should	O
receive	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
.	O

Mean	O
EVLW	O
indexed	O
to	O
ActBW	O
was	O
12	O
.	O
7	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
7	O
.	O
8	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
for	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
sepsis	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
Coroners	O
'	O
suicide	O
death	B-PROC
records	O
,	O
overall	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
level	O
of	O
dependency	O
and	O
worrying	O
of	O
having	O
sickness	O
among	O
the	O
older	O
adult	O
suicides	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
significantly	O
different	O
in	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
peri	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
periods	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
an	O
emerging	O
pathogen	O
in	O
the	O
canine	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
complex	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
:	O
the	O
cold	B-DISO
wars	O
resume	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
finding	O
of	O
many	O
divergent	O
and	O
previously	O
unrecognized	O
HRV	O
strains	O
has	O
drawn	O
attention	O
and	O
resources	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
the	O
most	O
widespread	O
and	O
frequent	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
;	O
providing	O
us	O
the	O
chance	O
to	O
seize	O
the	O
advantage	O
in	O
a	O
decades	O
-	O
long	O
cold	B-DISO
war	O
.	O

To	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
YNS	B-DISO
who	O
underwent	O
LRLT	O
for	O
FHF	B-DISO
.	O

Mortality	O
rates	O
were	O
comparable	O
regardless	O
of	O
whether	O
patients	O
were	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
F	O
(	O
I	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
responders	O
or	O
their	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
decreased	O
by	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
1	O
mmHg	O
.	O

Measures	O
to	O
prevent	O
pressure	B-DISO
sores	I-DISO
are	O
mandatory	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
detected	O
in	O
2	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
55	O
bat	B-ENZY
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
.	O

In	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
solid	O
scientific	O
support	O
for	O
our	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
we	O
conclude	O
that	O
our	O
patient	O
suffered	B-DISO
an	O
uncommon	O
type	O
of	O
amniotic	B-DISO
fluid	I-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
this	O
report	O
highlights	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
extreme	O
vigilance	O
and	O
a	O
high	O
index	O
of	O
suspicion	O
for	O
such	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
any	O
pregnant	O
individual	O
.	O

Rotavirus	B-SPEC
also	O
has	O
marked	O
environmental	O
resistance	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
periodic	O
reintroduction	O
into	O
facilities	O
,	O
possibly	O
on	O
bags	O
of	O
feed	O
,	O
bedding	O
,	O
or	O
other	O
supplies	O
or	O
equipment	O
,	O
also	O
seems	O
likely	O
.	O

Pinworm	B-DISO
infestations	B-DISO
continue	O
because	O
of	O
prolonged	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
inefficient	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
survivability	O
of	O
eggs	O
of	O
some	O
species	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
associated	O
injuries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
programmed	O
-	O
1	O
ribosomal	B-PROC
frameshifting	I-PROC
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
propagation	O
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
of	O
more	O
then	O
38	O
degrees	O
C	O
,	O
lasting	O
more	O
then	O
24	O
hours	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
encountered	O
symptom	B-DISO
.	O

Infants	O
born	O
to	O
pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
did	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
have	O
acquired	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
through	O
vertical	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
DeltaE1	O
/	O
DeltaE2A	O
-	O
vector	O
backbones	B-ANAT
were	O
rescued	O
on	O
a	O
PER	O
.	O
C6	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
engineered	O
to	O
constitutively	O
over	O
express	O
the	O
Ad5	B-PRGE
E2A	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
rats	B-SPEC
received	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
during	O
the	O
experimental	O
procedures	O
.	O

The	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
were	O
removed	O
for	O
analysis	O
of	O
biochemical	O
parameters	O
and	O
light	O
microscopic	O
investigation	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggested	O
that	O
leflunomide	B-CHED
attenuated	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
after	O
CLP	O
-	O
induced	O
sepsis	B-DISO
by	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
accumulation	O
and	O
increasing	O
endogenous	O
antioxidant	B-CHED
capacity	O
.	O

Although	O
ceftriaxone	B-CHED
was	O
given	O
to	O
him	O
,	O
his	O
symptoms	O
did	O
not	O
improve	O
.	O

Abdominal	O
compartment	O
syndrome	O
was	O
defined	O
as	O
IAP	B-PRGE
>	O
or	O
=	O
20	O
mm	O
Hg	O
plus	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
1	O
new	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Of	O
83	O
patients	O
,	O
considering	O
IAP	O
(	O
max	O
),	O
31	O
%	O
had	O
intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
on	O
admission	O
and	O
another	O
33	O
%	O
developed	O
it	O
after	O
(	O
23	O
%	O
and	O
31	O
%	O
with	O
IAP	O
(	O
mean	O
)).	O

Nonsurvivors	O
had	O
higher	O
IAP	B-PRGE
(	O
max	B-PRGE
),	O
IAP	O
(	O
mean	O
),	O
and	O
fluid	O
balances	O
and	O
lower	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
pressure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
and	O
clinical	O
characterisation	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
partial	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

In	O
16	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
ICU	O
of	O
a	O
central	O
Hospital	O
in	O
Lisbon	O
,	O
patients	O
admitted	O
in	O
the	O
year	O
2004	O
were	O
analysed	O
.	O

By	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
the	O
mortality	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SRPF	O
correlated	O
with	O
older	O
age	O
and	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
circulatory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

By	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
the	O
mortality	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SRPF	O
correlated	O
with	O
older	O
age	O
and	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
circulatory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
four	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
from	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
and	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
through	O
bioinformatics	O
analysis	O
and	O
constructed	O
a	O
multi	O
-	O
epitope	B-CHED
DNA	O
vaccine	O
.	O

In	O
control	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
CSF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TP	I-PRGE
concentration	O
ranged	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
36	O
g	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
Q	O
(	O
alb	O
)	O
ranged	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
to	O
5	O
.	O
7	O
x	O
10	O
(-	O
3	O
),	O
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
index	O
ranged	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
evaluated	O
17	O
risk	O
factors	O
potentially	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
conversion	O
from	O
ALI	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
severe	O
multiple	O
trauma	O
.	O

Fecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
,	O
as	O
determined	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
from	O
rectal	O
swabs	O
,	O
appeared	O
within	O
a	O
week	O
and	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
kittens	O
than	O
older	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Cats	B-SPEC
with	O
higher	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
were	O
significantly	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
shed	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
lower	O
titers	O
were	O
significantly	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
shedding	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	O
upper	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infection	O
(	O
vURI	O
)	O
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
present	O
with	O
a	O
cold	B-DISO
/	O
flu	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
CFLI	O
).	O

The	O
frequency	O
of	O
PCR	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
without	O
CFLI	O
was	O
different	O
among	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
introduces	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
biases	O
to	O
estimating	O
the	O
frequencies	O
of	O
specific	O
complications	O
attributable	O
to	O
a	O
vURI	O
when	O
ascertained	O
by	O
CFLI	O
identification	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
1501	I-PRGE
in	O
complex	O
with	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
nonapeptide	O
(	O
VQQESSFVM	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
determined	O
at	O
high	O
resolution	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
87	O
A	O
).	O

The	O
peptide	B-CHED
is	O
deeply	O
anchored	O
in	O
the	O
B	O
and	O
F	O
pockets	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
the	O
Glu4	O
residue	O
pointing	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
floor	O
in	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
groove	B-ANAT
,	O
making	O
it	O
available	O
for	O
interactions	O
with	O
a	O
potential	O
T	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

After	O
stabilization	O
,	O
pigs	B-SPEC
belonging	O
to	O
group	O
II	O
were	O
observed	O
only	O
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
those	O
belonging	O
to	O
groups	O
III	O
to	O
V	O
,	O
a	O
surfactant	B-CHED
-	O
depletion	O
severe	O
(	O
Pao	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
Fio	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
<	O
100	O
)	O
postpneumonectomy	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
induced	O
.	O

In	O
group	O
V	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
iLA	O
Novalung	O
device	O
diverted	O
17	O
%	O
+/-	O

Imported	O
diseases	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
secondary	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
were	O
also	O
diagnosed	O
,	O
including	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	B-PATH
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
),	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
),	O
typhoid	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
six	O
new	O
diagnosis	O
),	O
non	O
-	O
typhoid	B-DISO
salmonellosis	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
),	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
Crimean	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Congo	I-DISO
hemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
two	O
New	B-SPEC
Zealand	I-SPEC
rabbits	I-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
four	O
groups	O
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
model	O
was	O
reproduced	O
by	O
severe	O
steam	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
.	O

Caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
p73	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
in	O
groups	O
with	O
exogenous	O
PS	O
group	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
corresponding	O
group	O
without	O
exogenous	O
PS	O
(	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Compared	O
with	O
CMV	B-SPEC
or	O
CMV	O
+	O
PS	O
,	O
HFOV	O
or	O
HFOV	O
+	O
PS	O
can	O
decrease	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
p73	B-PRGE
,	O
reduce	O
the	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
p73	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
homogenates	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
may	O
be	O
suppressed	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
novel	O
groups	O
of	O
astroviruses	O
in	O
apparently	O
healthy	O
insectivorous	O
bats	B-SPEC
found	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
bats	B-SPEC
belonging	O
to	O
the	O
genera	O
Miniopterus	B-SPEC
and	O
Myotis	B-SPEC
.	O

Many	O
of	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
astroviruses	O
form	O
distinct	O
phylogenetic	O
clusters	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Mamastrovirus	I-SPEC
within	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Astroviridae	I-SPEC
.	O

Related	O
HEs	B-DISO
occur	O
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
C	O
,	O
toro	O
-,	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
apparently	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
relatively	O
recent	O
lateral	B-PROC
gene	I-PROC
transfer	I-PROC
events	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
induce	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
double	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
are	O
the	O
sites	O
of	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Not	O
much	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
vesicles	B-COMP
,	O
although	O
recent	O
observations	O
indicate	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
for	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
in	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
replication	O
complexes	O
(	O
RCs	O
).	O

Accordingly	O
,	O
individual	O
knockdown	O
of	O
the	O
Golgi	O
-	O
resident	O
targets	O
of	O
BFA	O
by	O
transfection	B-PROC
of	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNAs	O
(	O
siRNAs	O
)	O
showed	O
that	O
GBF1	B-PRGE
,	O
but	O
not	O
BIG1	B-PRGE
or	O
BIG2	B-PRGE
,	O
was	O
critically	O
involved	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
GBP	O
-	O
fusion	O
method	O
allows	O
immobilization	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
bioactive	O
forms	O
onto	O
the	O
gold	B-CHED
surface	O
without	O
surface	O
modification	O
suitable	O
for	O
studying	O
antigen	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
antibody	B-COMP
interaction	I-PROC
.	O

Elevated	O
intra	O
-	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
pressure	O
due	O
to	O
whatever	O
mechanism	O
affects	O
all	O
intra	O
-	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
viscera	I-ANAT
,	O
including	O
the	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
.	O

Elevated	B-DISO
intracranial	I-DISO
pressure	I-DISO
causes	O
encephalopathy	O
and	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
neuronal	O
damage	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
sharp	O
decrease	O
in	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
pressure	O
.	O

Decompressive	O
laparotomy	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
rapid	O
improvement	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
parameters	O
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
delivery	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Detection	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
experimental	O
pneumocystic	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
].	O

The	O
material	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
contain	O
pneumocysts	O
,	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Injury	O
characteristics	O
and	O
pathophysiological	O
state	O
upon	O
emergency	B-DISO
room	O
arrival	O
were	O
comparable	O
between	O
groups	O
.	O

Viral	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
to	O
eight	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
serotype	O
three	O
(	O
PIV	O
-	O
3	O
),	O
PIV	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
229E	O
and	O
OC43	O
)	O
were	O
measured	O
using	O
enzyme	O
immunoassay	O
at	O
baseline	O
and	O
53	O
weeks	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
204	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
documented	O
in	O
157	O
subjects	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
structural	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
by	O
benzotriazole	B-CHED
esters	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
main	O
proteinase	B-PROC
(	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
))	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
principal	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
anticoronaviral	O
compounds	O
.	O

In	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
structures	O
,	O
the	O
thioester	B-CHED
product	O
has	O
been	O
hydrolyzed	O
and	O
benzoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
is	O
observed	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
hydrophobic	O
S2	O
pocket	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potent	O
in	O
vitro	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
albumin	B-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
interferons	I-PRGE
(	O
albumin	B-PRGE
-	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
albumin	O
-	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
beta	O
)	O
against	O
RNA	O
viral	O
agents	O
of	O
bioterrorism	O
and	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
type	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
interferons	I-PRGE
(	O
INF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
INF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
)	O
are	O
potent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
in	O
vitro	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
albumin	B-PRGE
-	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
was	O
evaluated	O
against	O
representative	O
bioterrorism	O
viral	O
agents	O
and	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Albumin	B-PRGE
-	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
showed	O
75	O
-	O
and	O
360	O
-	O
fold	O
greater	O
in	O
vitro	O
activity	O
than	O
albumin	B-PRGE
-	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
against	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

So	O
far	O
,	O
the	O
structure	O
determination	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
NP	I-PRGE
CTD	I-PRGE
in	O
solution	O
has	O
been	O
impeded	O
by	O
the	O
poor	O
quality	O
of	O
NMR	O
spectra	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
aromatic	O
resonances	O
.	O

The	O
NMR	O
structure	O
is	O
almost	O
identical	O
with	O
the	O
previously	O
solved	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
a	O
disordered	O
putative	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
at	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
.	O

Thirteen	O
severely	O
burned	O
children	O
with	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
survive	O
and	O
15	O
severely	O
burned	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
who	O
survived	O
were	O
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Significantly	O
altered	O
levels	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
7	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
13	I-FUNC
were	O
detected	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
7	O
days	O
after	O
admission	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
from	O
burn	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
concomitant	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
survive	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
similar	O
patients	O
who	O
did	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Early	O
alterations	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
7	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
may	O
constitute	O
useful	O
predictive	O
markers	O
for	O
identifying	O
patients	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
sustained	O
a	O
burn	O
with	O
concomitant	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
and	O
who	O
have	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Plasma	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
C	I-PRGE
levels	O
are	O
decreased	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
mortality	O
and	O
fewer	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
.	O

To	O
test	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
activated	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
(	O
APC	B-COMP
)	O
as	O
a	O
therapy	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
ALI	O
.	O

The	O
disease	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
uncontrolled	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
virus	O
and	O
a	O
prominent	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

Reports	O
using	O
historical	O
matched	O
controls	O
have	O
suggested	O
that	O
treatment	O
with	O
interferon	B-PRGE
alfacon	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
a	O
synthetic	O
interferon	O
)	O
combined	O
with	O
steroid	B-CHED
,	O
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
together	O
with	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
containing	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
could	O
be	O
useful	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
similar	O
with	O
experimental	O
results	O
,	O
the	O
complex	O
between	O
N3	O
and	O
3CL	O
(	O
Pro	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
578	O
kcal	O
/	O
mol	O
more	O
stable	O
than	O
N1	O
-	O
3CL	O
(	O
Pro	B-CHED
)	O
using	O
Own	O
N	O
-	O
layer	B-ANAT
Integrated	O
molecular	O
Orbital	O
molecular	O
Mechanics	O
(	O
ONIOM	O
)	O
approach	O
.	O

We	O
suggest	O
3CL	O
(	O
Pro	B-CHED
)	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
need	O
small	O
polar	O
groups	O
to	O
decrease	O
the	O
energy	O
barrier	O
for	O
alkylation	O
reaction	O
.	O

A	O
32	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
presented	O
with	O
severe	O
cholinergic	B-DISO
crisis	I-DISO
after	O
ingestion	O
of	O
an	O
unknown	O
amount	O
of	O
dichlorvos	B-CHED
in	O
a	O
suicide	B-DISO
attempt	I-DISO
.	O

Her	O
vocal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
movements	B-PROC
were	O
restored	O
to	O
near	O
normal	O
with	O
time	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
discharged	O
on	O
the	O
20th	O
day	O
after	O
admission	O
.	O

Instillation	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
)	O
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
results	O
in	O
acute	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
followed	O
by	O
a	O
chronic	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Distinct	O
signature	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
responses	O
are	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
infecting	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
target	O
cell	O
.	O

The	O
promoter	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
,	O
however	O
,	O
have	O
different	O
transcription	B-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
sites	O
,	O
implying	O
differential	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
infecting	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
target	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
type	O
dictate	O
the	O
extent	O
and	O
signature	O
of	O
inducible	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
apply	O
the	O
direct	O
immunohistochemistry	O
(	O
D	O
-	O
IHC	O
)	O
assay	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
turkey	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCoV	O
)	O
antigens	B-CHED
in	O
formalin	B-CHED
-	O
fixed	B-ANAT
embedded	O
-	O
paraffin	O
tissues	B-ANAT
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
biotin	B-CHED
-	O
labeled	O
polyclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

(	O
Correction	O
added	O
after	O
online	O
publication	O
5	O
June	O
2008	O
:	O
The	O
denominators	O
112	O
pregnancies	B-PROC
,	O
labours	O
,	O
and	O
labour	B-PROC
/	O
deliveries	O
,	O
and	O
16	O
and	O
68	O
neonates	O
were	O
included	O
;	O
and	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
labours	O
was	O
corrected	O
to	O
10	O
%.)	O

Interventions	O
to	O
lower	O
stillbirths	B-DISO
and	O
neonatal	O
deaths	B-PROC
should	O
focus	O
on	O
improving	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
medical	O
care	O
for	O
important	O
obstetric	O
complications	O
and	O
newborn	O
illnesses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
using	O
a	O
TaqMan	O
-	O
based	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
.	O

The	O
rapidity	O
and	O
high	O
throughput	O
of	O
the	O
BCoV	O
TaqMan	O
assay	O
makes	O
this	O
method	O
a	O
powerful	O
tool	O
for	O
a	O
sensitive	O
and	O
specific	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
BCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Experimental	O
optic	B-DISO
neuritis	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
a	O
demyelinating	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Zoonotic	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
likely	O
evolved	O
to	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
by	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
transmission	O
events	O
between	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
in	O
markets	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
sequence	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
palm	B-ANAT
civet	B-SPEC
served	O
as	O
an	O
amplification	B-DISO
host	B-COMP
in	O
which	O
civet	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
interaction	O
fostered	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
SARS	B-DISO
Urbani	O
strain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
C3d	B-DISO
and	O
C4d	O
deposition	O
early	O
after	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

Significant	O
C3d	B-DISO
and	O
C4d	O
staining	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
Grade	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
2	O
on	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
occasion	O
)	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
20	O
and	O
11	O
LTRs	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Complement	O
staining	O
was	O
increased	O
in	O
LTRs	O
with	O
severe	O
primary	B-DISO
graft	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
or	O
airway	B-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
cellular	B-COMP
or	O
chronic	O
rejection	O
,	O
or	O
with	O
morphologic	O
features	O
of	O
AMR	O
.	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
MBL	B-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
(	O
O	O
/	O
O	O
genotypes	O
)	O
and	O
insufficiency	O
(	O
O	O
/	O
O	O
plus	O
XA	O
/	O
O	O
genotypes	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
MASP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
deficiency	O
(	O
D105G	O
mutation	O
),	O
in	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
and	O
severity	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
CAP	B-DISO
in	O
adults	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
rapid	O
screening	O
assays	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
discovery	O
.	O

By	O
using	O
a	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
expressing	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
subgenomic	O
replicon	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
assay	O
and	O
used	O
it	O
to	O
screen	O
small	O
molecule	O
compounds	O
for	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
live	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathology	B-DISO
of	O
experimental	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
fatalities	O
caused	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
28	O
-	O
yr	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
involved	O
in	O
a	O
motor	O
vehicle	O
collision	O
sustained	O
multiple	O
injuries	O
,	O
including	O
T6	O
-	O
T7	O
thoracic	B-ANAT
vertebrae	I-ANAT
fracture	O
.	O

The	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
concentration	O
was	O
5	O
.	O
03	O
g	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
further	O
analysis	O
,	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
NC	O
replacement	O
with	O
N	O
residues	O
2	O
-	O
213	O
,	O
215	O
-	O
421	O
,	O
or	O
234	O
-	O
421	O
resulted	O
in	O
efficient	O
VLP	O
production	O
at	O
levels	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
wt	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
but	O
replacement	O
with	O
residues	O
215	O
-	O
359	O
,	O
302	O
-	O
421	O
,	O
2	O
-	O
168	O
,	O
or	O
2	O
-	O
86	O
failed	O
to	O
restore	O
VLP	B-COMP
production	O
to	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
levels	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Renal	B-ANAT
failure	I-DISO
in	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
high	O
quality	O
intensive	O
care	O
,	O
early	O
institution	O
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
,	O
and	O
avoidance	O
of	O
nephrotoxic	O
drugs	O
are	O
standard	O
practice	O
of	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
ARF	B-DISO
.	O

Plasma	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
levels	O
are	O
influenced	O
mainly	O
by	O
genetic	O
determinants	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
-	O
174G	O
/	O
C	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
gene	O
has	O
been	O
recently	O
associated	O
with	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
ALI	O
.	O

DNA	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
67	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
who	O
fulfilled	O
international	O
criteria	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
for	O
ALI	O
and	O
96	O
population	O
-	O
based	O
controls	O
drawn	O
from	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Role	O
of	O
coagulation	B-PROC
in	O
acute	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lesion	O
physiopathology	O
.	O

Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
are	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
procoagulant	O
and	O
reduced	O
fibrinolytic	O
activities	O
mainly	O
in	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
and	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
spaces	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

Fibrin	O
deposits	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
the	O
hallmark	O
of	O
early	O
phase	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
stimulate	O
fibroblast	B-ANAT
aggregation	O
and	O
collagen	B-COMP
secretion	B-PROC
,	O
participating	O
to	O
the	O
constitution	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
10	O
patients	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
with	O
symptomatic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
mainly	O
during	O
winter	O
.	O

We	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
UV	O
-	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
to	O
generate	O
three	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
monoclonal	I-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
established	O
several	O
neutralization	O
escape	O
mutants	O
with	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

FCoV	O
biotypes	O
that	O
cause	O
FIP	B-DISO
are	O
designated	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
),	O
and	O
are	O
distinguished	O
by	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
infect	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
halomethyl	O
ketone	B-CHED
inhibitors	B-CHED
against	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
comprise	O
a	O
large	O
group	O
of	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
diverse	O
host	B-COMP
specificity	O
.	O

Here	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
was	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
target	O
to	O
identify	O
a	O
new	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
containing	O
a	O
halomethyl	O
ketone	B-CHED
warhead	O
.	O

It	O
can	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
condition	B-DISO
,	O
surgery	O
,	O
or	O
treatment	O
changes	O
.	O

A	O
discrete	O
time	O
stochastic	O
model	O
that	O
uses	O
a	O
back	B-ANAT
-	O
projection	O
approach	O
is	O
proposed	O
.	O

Applying	O
the	O
method	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
data	O
from	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
a	O
value	O
of	O
3	O
.	O
88	O
with	O
a	O
posterior	O
standard	O
deviation	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
09	O
was	O
estimated	O
for	O
the	O
basic	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
carried	O
out	O
a	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
interaction	O
with	O
model	O
membranes	B-ANAT
of	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
corresponding	O
to	O
segment	O
873	O
-	O
888	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
,	O
peptide	B-CHED
SARS	B-DISO
IFP	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
structural	O
changes	O
taking	O
place	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
phospholipid	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
induced	O
by	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
.	O

To	O
achieve	O
better	O
outcomes	O
of	O
ECLS	O
in	O
this	O
high	O
risk	O
group	O
,	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
real	O
impact	O
of	O
preexisting	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
on	O
ECLS	O
-	O
associated	O
mortality	O
is	O
necessary	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
dialysis	B-SPEC
was	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
associated	O
with	O
failure	O
to	O
wean	B-PROC
and	O
non	O
-	O
survival	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
(	O
CPR	B-ENZY
)	O
before	O
ECLS	O
was	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
non	O
-	O
survival	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preparing	O
for	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNA	O
clone	O
of	O
rSARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
DeltaE	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
deleted	O
,	O
a	O
safe	O
non	O
-	O
infectious	B-DISO
replicon	O
was	O
constructed	O
by	O
replacing	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
with	O
the	O
enhanced	B-PRGE
green	I-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
eGFP	O
)	O
gene	O
.	O

Polyclonal	O
IgY	O
-	O
based	O
immunoswabs	O
detected	O
an	O
NP	O
concentration	O
of	O
10	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
in	O
pig	B-SPEC
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
providing	O
the	O
most	O
sensitive	O
SARS	B-DISO
point	O
of	O
care	O
assay	O
.	O

Interstitial	B-DISO
nephritis	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
principal	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

-	O
1	O
PRF	O
is	O
programmed	O
by	O
a	O
bipartite	O
signal	O
embedded	O
in	O
the	O
mRNA	B-CHED
and	O
includes	O
a	O
heptanucleotide	O
""""	O
slip	O
site	O
""""	O
over	O
which	O
the	O
paused	O
ribosome	B-COMP
""""	O
backs	B-ANAT
up	O
""""	O
by	O
one	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
a	O
downstream	O
stimulatory	O
element	O
,	O
either	O
an	O
RNA	O
pseudoknot	O
or	O
a	O
very	O
stable	O
RNA	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
.	O

The	O
precise	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
the	O
downstream	O
RNA	O
stimulates	O
-	O
1	O
PRF	O
by	O
the	O
translocating	O
ribosome	B-COMP
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
tumor	B-DISO
type	O
or	O
reason	O
for	O
referral	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
formed	O
by	O
membrane	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
different	O
origins	O
demonstrate	O
stimulating	O
activity	O
in	O
human	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Intermediate	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
IMS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
from	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
following	O
acute	O
organophosphate	O
poisoning	O
.	O

All	O
ten	O
patients	O
showed	O
progressive	O
RNS	B-DISO
changes	O
correlating	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
IMS	O
.	O

Characteristic	O
changes	O
in	O
RNS	B-DISO
,	O
preceding	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
IMS	O
,	O
help	O
to	O
identify	O
a	O
subgroup	O
of	O
patients	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

RNS	B-DISO
changes	O
are	O
objective	O
and	O
precede	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
complications	O
of	O
IMS	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
is	O
phosphorylated	O
primarily	O
within	O
the	O
RS	O
-	O
rich	O
region	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
by	O
SR	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

When	O
the	O
TMD	B-DISO
of	O
human	B-SPEC
CD4	B-PRGE
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
the	O
ORF7b	O
TMD	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
resulting	O
chimeric	O
protein	B-CHED
localized	O
to	O
the	O
Golgi	O
complex	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
relationship	O
between	O
immunosenescence	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
response	B-PROC
to	I-PROC
virus	I-PROC
infection	O
is	O
poorly	O
understood	O
at	O
the	O
molecular	O
level	O
.	O

We	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
profiles	O
and	O
molecular	O
signatures	O
underlying	O
immunosenescence	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Activation	O
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
through	O
extrinsic	O
signal	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
caused	O
Bid	B-PRGE
activation	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
intrinsic	O
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
there	O
was	O
activation	O
of	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
and	O
cytochrome	B-PRGE
c	I-PRGE
release	B-PATH
from	O
the	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
.	O

A	O
block	O
in	O
nuclear	B-PROC
translocation	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
transcription	B-PROC
factor	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
the	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
also	O
observed	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Main	O
underlying	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
were	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
70	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
28	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
a	O
relationship	O
was	O
reported	O
between	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
level	O
of	O
F2	O
-	O
isoprostane	O
,	O
a	O
known	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
marker	O
.	O

Four	O
patients	O
survived	O
and	O
9	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Poult	O
enteritis	B-DISO
(	O
PE	O
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
diseases	O
seen	O
in	O
young	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
.	O

Rotaviruses	B-SPEC
were	O
present	O
in	O
46	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
tested	O
and	O
in	O
69	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
tested	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
not	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

Most	O
flocks	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
overall	O
no	O
clear	O
pattern	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
geographic	O
distribution	O
was	O
evident	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
a	O
newly	O
isolated	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
variant	O
in	O
China	O
exhibiting	O
affinity	O
for	O
the	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Twelve	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
isolates	O
obtained	O
from	O
commercial	O
chickens	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
between	O
2005	O
and	O
2006	O
were	O
characterized	O
by	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Thirty	O
-	O
three	O
field	O
isolates	O
of	O
avian	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
recovered	O
from	O
commercial	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
Korea	O
between	O
2003	O
and	O
2006	O
and	O
were	O
characterized	O
phylogenetically	O
by	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
hyper	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
variable	I-PRGE
region	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Antiphospholipid	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
APS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
systemic	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
or	O
venous	B-DISO
thrombosis	I-DISO
and	O
recurrent	O
fetal	B-ANAT
loss	O
,	O
accompanied	O
by	O
elevated	O
titers	O
of	O
antiphospholipid	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
aPL	B-DISO
).	O

Catastrophic	O
antiphospholipid	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
CAPS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
small	O
subset	O
of	O
APS	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
widespread	O
systemic	O
thrombotic	O
disease	O
with	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
case	O
is	O
interesting	O
in	O
that	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
initial	O
presentation	O
of	O
CAPS	O
.	O

To	O
explore	O
mechanistic	O
participation	O
of	O
PBEF	O
in	O
ALI	O
and	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
VILI	O
).	O

Gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
profiling	O
identified	O
induction	O
of	O
ALI	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
VILI	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
modules	I-PRGE
(	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
,	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
extravasation	B-DISO
,	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
Toll	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
pathways	B-PROC
).	O

Finally	O
,	O
strategies	O
to	O
reduce	O
PBEF	O
availability	O
(	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
)	O
resulted	O
in	O
significant	O
protection	O
from	O
VILI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
flexibility	O
of	O
the	O
pentameric	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
envelope	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
ion	O
channel	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
characteristics	O
of	O
systemic	O
-	O
onset	O
juvenile	B-DISO
idiopathic	I-DISO
arthritis	I-DISO
(	O
SoJIA	O
)	O
with	O
macrophage	B-DISO
activation	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MAS	B-COMP
)	O
in	O
13	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
perforin	B-PRGE
A91V	I-PRGE
(	O
NCBI	O
:	O
SNP	O
rs35947132	O
)	O
gene	O
in	O
6	O
patients	O
was	O
normal	O
.	O

The	O
characteristics	O
of	O
revealed	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
among	O
pregnant	O
women	O
show	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
has	O
acute	O
and	O
severe	O
clinical	O
course	O
,	O
with	O
simultaneous	O
infectious	B-DISO
toxic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
compromise	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
occasionally	O
results	O
in	O
lethal	O
outcome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
nothing	O
new	O
.	O

Smallpox	O
probably	O
reached	O
Europe	O
from	O
Asia	O
in	O
the	O
5th	O
century	O
,	O
and	O
yellow	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
emerged	O
in	O
the	O
Americas	O
during	O
the	O
16th	O
century	O
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
the	O
African	O
slave	O
trade	O
.	O

Dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
arose	O
simultaneously	O
in	O
South	O
-	O
East	O
Asia	O
,	O
Africa	O
,	O
and	O
North	O
America	O
during	O
the	O
18th	O
century	O
.	O

MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
primary	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
indicates	O
that	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
are	O
not	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
IFN	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
beta	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
during	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
in	O
one	O
small	O
randomised	O
controlled	O
study	O
,	O
terminated	O
prematurely	O
due	O
to	O
0	O
%	O
mortality	O
in	O
the	O
intervention	O
arm	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	O
infections	O
are	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
outpatient	O
setting	O
but	O
much	O
less	O
common	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
finite	O
number	O
of	O
viral	O
agents	O
cause	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
discusses	O
the	O
basic	O
pathophysiology	O
leading	O
to	O
clinical	O
presentations	O
in	O
a	O
few	O
common	O
and	O
rare	O
,	O
but	O
important	O
,	O
viruses	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
:	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
RSV	B-PRGE
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
VZV	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
CMV	B-SPEC
,	O
VHF	O
,	O
and	O
Hantavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
authors	O
study	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
allocating	O
limited	O
control	O
resources	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
quarantine	O
or	O
recovery	O
resources	O
)	O
in	O
these	O
networks	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
exploits	O
the	O
topological	O
structure	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
maximise	O
the	O
speed	O
at	O
which	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
eliminated	O
.	O

Viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
common	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
identify	O
specific	O
patient	O
subgroups	O
for	O
future	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
an	O
exploratory	O
post	O
hoc	O
analysis	O
of	O
clinical	O
trials	O
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
surfactant	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
(	O
rSP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
)	O
surfactant	B-CHED
(	O
Venticute	O
;	O
Nycomed	O
GmbH	O
;	O
Konstanz	O
,	O
Germany	O
).	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
pooled	O
analysis	O
of	O
all	O
five	O
multicenter	O
studies	O
in	O
which	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
various	O
predisposing	O
events	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
rSP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
surfactant	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
tested	O
sera	B-COMP
collected	O
from	O
12	O
ocelots	B-SPEC
(	O
Leopardus	B-SPEC
pardalis	I-SPEC
)	O
native	O
to	O
Barro	O
Colorado	O
Island	O
,	O
Panama	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
is	O
free	O
of	O
domestic	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
feline	B-SPEC
herpes	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
calicivirus	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
panleukopenia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FIV	B-SPEC
),	O
typically	O
a	O
species	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pharmacotherapy	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
complex	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
offers	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
possible	O
targets	O
for	O
drug	O
therapy	O
,	O
including	O
inflammation	O
,	O
cell	B-COMP
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
vascular	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
surfactant	B-CHED
dysfunction	O
,	O
and	O
oxidant	B-CHED
injury	O
.	O

Added	O
targets	O
for	O
pharmacotherapy	O
outside	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
may	O
also	O
be	O
present	O
,	O
since	O
multiorgan	O
or	O
systemic	O
pathology	B-DISO
is	O
common	O
in	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-DISO
evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
series	O
of	O
6	O
-	O
arylmethyl	O
-	O
substituted	O
S	O
-	O
DABOs	O
as	O
potential	O
non	O
-	O
nucleoside	O
HIV	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
1	I-CHED
reverse	B-PROC
transcriptase	I-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
will	O
perform	O
numerous	O
real	O
world	O
tests	O
with	O
our	O
tools	O
with	O
both	O
Avian	B-DISO
Influenza	I-DISO
and	O
Coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
versatility	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
successful	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
viral	O
DNA	O
and	O
ATP	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
Nsp9	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
229E	O
reveals	O
a	O
novel	O
disulfide	B-CHED
-	O
linked	O
homodimer	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
very	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
previously	O
reported	O
Nsp9	O
dimer	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
report	O
is	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
HFOV	O
on	O
blunt	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusions	O
who	O
failed	O
or	O
were	O
at	O
a	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
failing	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Baseline	O
demographic	O
data	O
including	O
injury	O
severity	O
score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
),	O
length	O
of	O
time	O
requiring	O
HFOV	O
,	O
total	O
ventilator	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
inhospital	O
mortality	O
were	O
collected	O
.	O

Demonstrated	O
by	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
and	O
confocal	O
microscopy	O
,	O
A	O
-	O
431	O
,	O
MCF	O
-	O
7	O
,	O
MDA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MB	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
453	I-PRGE
,	O
MDA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MB	I-PRGE
-	O
468	O
and	O
Capan	O
-	O
1	O
cells	B-COMP
internalized	O
fluorophore	O
-	O
conjugated	O
cystatin	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
when	O
exposed	O
to	O
physiological	O
concentrations	O
(	O
1	O
microm	O
).	O

The	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
scan	O
showed	O
diffuse	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
-	O
opacities	B-DISO
and	O
reticular	O
shadows	O
in	O
both	O
lung	B-ANAT
fields	O
.	O

The	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltration	I-DISO
seen	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
diminished	O
gradually	O
after	O
pulse	B-PROC
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
and	O
cyclophosphamide	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
has	O
been	O
followed	O
but	O
no	O
myositis	B-DISO
or	O
recurrence	B-DISO
of	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
recognized	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
between	O
faecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
serum	B-PRGE
alpha1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
sialylation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Disaster	O
and	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
:	O
Canadian	O
nurses	O
'	O
perceptions	O
of	O
preparedness	O
on	O
hospital	O
front	O
lines	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
library	O
derived	O
from	O
N	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
101	O
-	O
115	O
constituted	O
a	O
novel	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
for	O
M	O
.	O
We	O
examined	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
N	O
mutants	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
M	O
and	O
form	O
pseudoparticles	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
observations	O
indicated	O
that	O
M	O
bound	O
to	O
NDelta	O
(	O
101	O
-	O
115	O
),	O
N1	O
-	O
150	O
,	O
N151	O
-	O
300	O
,	O
and	O
N301	O
-	O
422	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
to	O
N1	O
-	O
150Delta	O
(	O
101	O
-	O
115	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
factors	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
road	O
traffic	O
injury	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	B-PROC
dynamic	I-PROC
simulations	O
analysis	O
of	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
and	O
lopinavir	O
as	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinities	O
of	O
LPV	O
and	O
RTV	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
do	O
not	O
show	O
any	O
significant	O
difference	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
identified	O
that	O
budded	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
BV	O
)	O
can	O
induce	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
in	O
HD	O
11	O
cells	B-COMP
contrary	O
to	O
occlusion	B-DISO
-	O
derived	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
ODV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	I-PRGE
ORF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
,	O
induces	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
mediated	O
,	O
ER	O
stress	O
and	O
JNK	B-FUNC
-	O
dependent	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

Tag	B-DISO
single	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphisms	B-PROC
(	O
SNP	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
37	O
)	O
selected	O
across	O
the	O
entire	O
coding	O
and	O
putative	O
regulatory	O
regions	O
of	O
CSA	B-DISO
and	O
CSB	B-DISO
based	O
on	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
density	O
SNP	O
database	O
were	O
genotyped	O
by	O
the	O
Illumina	O
Golden	O
Gate	O
assay	O
.	O

Major	O
principal	O
components	O
of	O
CSA	O
and	O
CSB	B-DISO
that	O
captured	O
the	O
linkage	B-PROC
disequilibrium	B-DISO
from	O
multiple	O
SNPs	O
were	O
globally	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
breaks	O
per	O
cell	B-COMP
at	O
the	O
threshold	O
of	O
80	O
%	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
for	O
both	O
genes	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
and	O
genetic	O
characterisation	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
auxiliary	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
X1	I-PRGE
in	O
Drosophila	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
have	O
established	O
and	O
characterised	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
vivo	O
3a	O
transgenic	O
Drosophila	B-SPEC
model	O
,	O
and	O
demonstrated	O
its	O
usefulness	O
in	O
studying	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Subclinical	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
rare	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

A	O
novel	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A2	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
epitope	B-CHED
(	O
N220	O
-	O
N228	O
LALLLLDRL	O
)	O
able	O
to	O
activate	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
vitro	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
homozygous	O
L	O
-	O
SIGN	O
demonstrated	O
lower	O
binding	B-FUNC
capacity	O
for	O
HIV1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gp120	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
these	O
compounds	O
can	O
inhibit	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
helicase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
and	O
viral	O
growth	B-PROC
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
systems	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
evaluation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
droplet	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
in	O
acute	O
and	O
rehabilitation	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Compliance	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
guidelines	O
is	O
satisfactory	O
and	O
has	O
increased	O
compared	O
with	O
previous	O
studies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
31	O
samples	O
of	O
blood	O
serum	O
of	O
pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
symptoms	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
administered	O
into	O
hospital	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Four	O
new	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
strains	O
(	O
T6	O
,	O
K32	O
,	O
K43	O
,	O
and	O
K87	O
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
clinically	O
infected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
in	O
New	O
Zealand	O
.	O

These	O
strains	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
four	O
strains	O
(	O
A	O
,	O
B	O
,	O
C	O
,	O
and	O
D	O
),	O
which	O
had	O
circulated	O
25	O
years	O
previously	O
,	O
by	O
sequencing	O
the	O
gene	O
coding	O
for	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
.	O

ILI	O
was	O
reported	O
for	O
240	O
/	O
420	O
patients	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
etiologies	O
accounting	O
for	O
30	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
and	O
19	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
EV	O
)	O
were	O
considered	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
in	O
all	O
age	O
groups	O
.	O

Parvovirus	B-DISO
B19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
associated	O
sometimes	O
with	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
mitogenic	O
Raf	B-PRGE
/	O
MEK	B-PRGE
/	O
ERK	B-FUNC
signal	B-PROC
transduction	I-PROC
cascade	O
.	O

As	O
these	O
pathogens	O
partly	O
use	O
the	O
DNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
machinery	O
for	O
their	O
replication	O
,	O
they	O
aim	O
to	O
drive	O
cells	B-COMP
into	O
a	O
proliferative	B-DISO
state	O
.	O

Two	O
18	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
tertiary	O
liver	B-ANAT
unit	O
with	O
features	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
cardio	O
-	O
respiratory	O
collapse	B-DISO
and	O
pancytopenia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
spectrum	O
,	O
diagnostic	O
features	O
and	O
current	O
evidence	O
based	O
recommendations	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
are	O
explored	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
histopathology	O
showed	O
acute	B-DISO
interstitial	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
40	O
%	O
(	O
99	O
),	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
in	O
36	O
%	O
(	O
89	O
),	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
in	O
13	O
%	O
(	O
33	O
),	O
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
in	O
12	O
%	O
(	O
29	O
)	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
analysis	O
showed	O
a	O
significant	O
and	O
positive	O
association	O
between	O
Pneumocystis	B-DISO
jiroveci	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
interstitial	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
Odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
4	O
.	O
51	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
46	O
-	O
8	O
.	O
24	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
(	O
Odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
3	O
.	O
60	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
78	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
27	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
acute	B-DISO
interstitial	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
Odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
22	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
01	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
93	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Further	O
studies	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
complete	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
physiopathological	O
mechanism	O
involved	O
with	O
each	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
disease	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
have	O
identified	O
three	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
active	O
regions	O
in	O
the	O
S2	O
domain	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
,	O
one	O
situated	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
minimum	O
furin	B-ENZY
cleavage	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
is	O
considered	O
the	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
(	O
SARSFP	O
),	O
an	O
internal	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
located	O
immediately	O
upstream	O
of	O
the	O
HR1	O
region	O
(	O
SARSIFP	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
(	O
SARSPTM	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Endothelial	B-ANAT
pathomechanisms	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelium	B-ANAT
is	O
a	O
major	O
metabolic	B-PROC
organ	B-ANAT
promoting	O
adequate	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
vascular	B-ANAT
homeostasis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
a	O
main	O
target	O
of	O
circulating	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
humoral	O
mediators	O
under	O
injury	O
;	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelium	B-ANAT
is	O
therefore	O
critically	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
ALI	O
.	O

We	O
screened	O
a	O
phage	O
displaying	O
library	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
single	O
-	O
chain	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
ScFv	B-COMP
)	O
against	O
the	O
predicted	O
epitopes	O
and	O
obtained	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
ScFv	B-COMP
which	O
can	O
recognize	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Health	O
impact	O
of	O
hospital	O
restrictions	O
on	O
seriously	O
ill	B-DISO
hospitalized	O
patients	O
:	O
lessons	O
from	O
the	O
Toronto	O
SARS	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Short	O
-	O
term	O
mortality	O
,	O
overall	O
readmissions	O
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
readmissions	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
myocardial	I-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
patients	O
,	O
serious	O
complications	O
for	O
very	O
low	O
birth	B-PROC
weight	O
babies	O
,	O
and	O
quality	O
of	O
care	O
measures	O
,	O
comparing	O
adjusted	O
rates	O
across	O
time	O
periods	B-PROC
within	O
regions	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
VLP	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
depends	O
on	O
either	O
M	O
and	O
E	O
proteins	B-CHED
or	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
vaccine	O
efficacy	O
in	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
:	O
whole	O
killed	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
adenovirus	B-SPEC
-	O
vectored	O
vaccines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clathrin	B-PRGE
-	O
and	O
caveolae	B-COMP
-	O
independent	O
entry	O
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
depends	O
on	O
dynamin	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
pathway	B-PROC
of	O
internalization	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
evaluating	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
chemical	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
and	O
/	O
or	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
dominant	O
-	O
negative	O
(	O
DN	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
internalized	O
virions	B-COMP
per	O
cell	B-COMP
and	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Further	O
,	O
co	O
-	O
localization	B-PROC
studies	O
were	O
performed	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
certain	O
cellular	B-COMP
internalization	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Insertion	O
of	O
arbidol	O
,	O
arbidol	O
mesylate	O
,	O
and	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
into	O
the	O
nutrient	B-CHED
medium	O
2	O
hours	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
embryonic	B-ANAT
renal	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
caused	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
the	O
pathogen	O
by	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
Ig	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
with	O
recombinant	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
viruses	B-SPEC
bearing	O
disruptions	O
in	O
the	O
gene	O
7	O
coding	O
region	O
showed	O
no	O
significant	O
change	O
in	O
replication	O
kinetics	O
,	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
morbidity	O
,	O
or	O
mortality	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
ORF7a	O
(	O
7a	O
)	O
and	O
ORF7b	O
(	O
7b	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
immunosuppressed	O
hamsters	B-SPEC
.	O

Understanding	O
the	O
spillover	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
associated	O
health	O
risks	O
requires	O
an	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
dynamics	O
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
populations	O
.	O

The	O
resultant	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
produced	O
and	O
used	O
in	O
antibody	B-COMP
detection	O
assays	O
via	O
western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
.	O

Seropositivity	O
for	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
not	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
FCoV	O
virulent	O
biotype	O
or	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
gene	O
segment	O
encoding	O
the	O
IBV	B-PRGE
nsp3	I-PRGE
ADRP	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
cloned	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Practice	O
and	O
perception	O
--	O
a	O
nationwide	O
survey	O
of	O
therapy	O
habits	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Practice	O
recommendations	O
were	O
selected	O
by	O
German	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
Competence	O
Network	O
(	O
SepNet	O
)	O
investigators	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
17	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
patients	O
had	O
tidal	O
volume	O
between	O
6	O
and	O
8	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
and	O
80	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
>	O
8	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
prevalence	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
features	O
of	O
newer	O
and	O
traditional	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
infants	O
and	O
young	O
children	O
with	O
recurrent	O
wheeze	B-DISO
.	O

On	O
admission	O
a	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
was	O
obtained	O
through	O
a	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
.	O

Fifty	O
five	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
by	O
Immunofluorescence	O
and	O
45	O
%	O
by	O
Polymerase	O
Chain	O
Reaction	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
strain	O
A2	O
was	O
sequenced	O
and	O
analyzed	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
predominant	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
suggest	O
that	O
strain	O
A2	O
may	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
A2	O
-	O
like	O
IBVs	O
are	O
predominant	O
strains	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
18	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
healthy	O
calves	O
,	O
K99	O
(	O
16	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
and	O
intimin	O
(	O
55	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
genes	O
were	O
identified	O
by	O
PCR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
localisation	B-PROC
signals	O
determine	O
dynamic	O
trafficking	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
nucleolus	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Localisation	O
of	O
both	O
viral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
nucleolus	B-COMP
is	O
determined	O
by	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
factors	O
including	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
localisation	B-PROC
signals	O
(	O
NoLSs	O
),	O
but	O
how	O
these	O
signals	O
operate	O
is	O
not	O
clearly	O
understood	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
examined	O
different	O
size	O
samples	O
based	O
on	O
largest	O
flight	B-PROC
volume	O
and	O
largest	O
metropolitan	O
populations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
comparison	O
of	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
and	O
conventional	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
HKU1	O
].	O

All	O
pathogens	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
swabs	O
of	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
but	O
only	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
hyopneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
expired	B-ANAT
air	I-ANAT
from	O
individually	O
sampled	O
,	O
acutely	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spinal	O
cryptococcoma	O
in	O
an	O
immunocompetent	O
cat	B-SPEC
.	O

At	O
necropsy	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
lesion	O
detected	O
was	O
a	O
malacic	O
area	O
,	O
4cm	O
in	O
length	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
.	O

Both	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
displaying	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
and	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
bound	O
antigen	B-CHED
specifically	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
and	O
relative	O
frequency	O
of	O
co	O
-	O
infections	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
obtained	O
from	O
young	O
children	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
receiving	O
care	O
at	O
a	O
children	O
'	O
s	O
hospital	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
168	O
(	O
93	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
180	O
children	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
.	O

Respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
detected	O
(	O
77	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
15	O
%),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
11	O
%),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
8	O
%),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
(	O
6	O
%)	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
1	O
%).	O

Molecular	O
diagnostic	O
techniques	O
identified	O
a	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
viral	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
among	O
children	O
evaluated	O
for	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
168	O
(	O
93	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
180	O
children	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Entry	O
from	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
with	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
S	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
as	O
revealed	O
by	O
pseudotype	O
virus	B-SPEC
bearing	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
a	O
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
based	O
on	O
these	O
M	O
DNA	O
sequences	O
was	O
generated	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
tree	O
topology	O
suggests	O
that	O
some	O
Chinese	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
may	O
have	O
a	O
common	O
ancestor	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
HH06	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
local	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
that	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
field	O
outbreak	O
of	O
nephritis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interactions	O
between	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
other	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
severe	O
,	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
helps	O
us	O
better	O
understand	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
during	O
viral	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nosocomial	O
infection	O
represents	O
an	O
important	O
indicator	B-CHED
of	O
healthcare	O
quality	O
and	O
patient	O
safety	O
.	O

Anticipation	O
of	O
a	O
bird	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
H5N1	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
perceptions	O
that	O
such	O
an	O
outbreak	O
would	O
be	O
worse	O
than	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
that	O
IV	O
was	O
efficacious	O
in	O
preventing	O
bird	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
transmission	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
studied	O
IV	O
behavior	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
64	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
97	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Exposure	O
to	O
live	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
perceived	O
similar	O
symptoms	O
between	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
bird	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
H5N1	B-DISO
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
that	O
bird	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
was	O
more	O
lethal	O
than	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
predictive	O
use	O
of	O
face	B-DISO
mask	O
when	O
having	O
ILI	O
symptoms	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
25	O
-	O
8	O
.	O
34	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Perceptions	O
related	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
were	O
associated	O
with	O
IV	O
and	O
mask	O
use	O
behaviors	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
efficacy	O
of	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
potent	O
chloropyridyl	O
ester	B-CHED
-	O
derived	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Position	O
of	O
the	O
carboxylate	B-CHED
functionality	O
is	O
critical	O
to	O
potency	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
maintenance	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
therapy	O
were	O
frequently	O
treated	O
with	O
oral	B-ANAT
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
generally	O
rapidly	O
taken	O
under	O
control	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
are	O
frequent	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
appropriate	O
management	O
are	O
important	O
to	O
avoid	O
mortality	O
owing	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
,	O
especially	O
in	O
neutropenic	O
patients	O
receiving	O
induction	O
or	O
consolidation	O
phase	O
of	O
chemotherapy	O
.	O

In	O
broilers	O
,	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
challenge	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
prevented	O
but	O
was	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
large	O
group	O
including	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
replicate	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
of	O
infected	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Generally	O
,	O
their	O
ultrastructure	O
,	O
morphogenesis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
exact	O
role	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
remain	O
to	O
be	O
defined	O
.	O

Since	O
we	O
could	O
not	O
discern	O
a	O
connection	O
between	O
DMV	O
interior	O
and	O
cytosol	B-COMP
,	O
our	O
analysis	O
raises	O
several	O
questions	O
about	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
DMV	O
formation	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
actual	O
site	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

Our	O
data	O
document	O
the	O
extensive	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
reorganization	O
of	O
host	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
into	O
a	O
network	O
that	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
organize	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
possibly	O
hide	B-ANAT
replicating	O
RNA	O
from	O
antiviral	B-CHED
defense	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

The	O
mESCs	O
replicated	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
but	O
not	O
MMVp	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
being	O
cytolytic	O
for	O
mESCs	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
rh	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
in	O
early	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathogenesis	B-DISO
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
we	O
studied	O
eleven	O
Chinese	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
monkeys	I-SPEC
experimentally	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
pathogenic	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
PUMC01	O
)	O
strain	O
.	O

Many	O
natural	O
non	O
-	O
synonymous	O
(	O
NS	O
)	O
changes	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
rh	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
.	O

Of	O
the	O
146	O
subjects	O
who	O
came	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
at	O
Hospital	O
A	O
,	O
43	O
(	O
29	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
developed	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
an	O
additional	O
16	O
(	O
11	O
%)	O
were	O
asymptomatic	O
but	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
seropositive	O
.	O

Early	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
institution	O
of	O
specific	O
antimalarial	B-CHED
treatment	O
and	O
assisted	O
ventilation	O
can	O
be	O
life	O
-	O
saving	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
sequence	O
analyses	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
reovirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
and	O
the	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
reovirus	B-SPEC
S1	O
genes	O
from	O
six	O
new	O
serotype	O
2	O
human	O
isolates	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Right	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
may	O
result	O
from	O
an	O
newly	O
developed	O
disease	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
[	O
ARDS	B-DISO
]	O
or	O
of	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
)	O
or	O
of	O
already	O
present	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
(	O
PHT	B-DISO
).	O

Furthermore	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
contractility	O
by	O
inodilators	O
is	O
aimed	O
at	O
.	O

The	O
central	O
goal	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
right	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
as	O
part	O
of	O
PHT	B-PRGE
is	O
to	O
lower	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
and	O
thus	O
decrease	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
afterload	O
.	O

This	O
result	O
suggests	O
that	O
optimal	O
infection	B-DISO
requires	O
a	O
multivalent	O
interaction	O
between	O
viral	O
attachment	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Historically	O
,	O
coronaviruses	O
were	O
predominantly	O
associated	O
with	O
mild	O
upper	O
respiratory	O
disease	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
its	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
by	O
anti	O
-	O
histo	O
-	O
blood	O
group	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
/	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
adhesion	B-DISO
of	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
an	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
expressing	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
was	O
specifically	O
inhibited	O
by	O
either	O
a	O
monoclonal	O
or	O
human	B-PRGE
natural	I-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
these	O
antibodies	B-COMP
may	O
block	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
its	O
receptor	O
,	O
thereby	O
providing	O
protection	O
.	O

The	O
model	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
ABO	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
could	O
contribute	O
to	O
substantially	O
reduce	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
,	O
affecting	O
both	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
infected	O
individuals	O
and	O
the	O
kinetics	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

Not	O
only	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
discovered	O
that	O
must	O
have	O
been	O
with	O
humans	B-SPEC
for	O
many	O
decades	O
or	O
centuries	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
and	O
2	O
different	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
are	O
truly	O
new	O
for	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
have	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
recent	O
interspecies	O
transmissions	O
from	O
other	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
or	O
avian	B-SPEC
reservoirs	O
.	O

Throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
specimens	O
from	O
242	O
adults	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
were	O
tested	O
.	O

L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumophila	I-SPEC
PCR	O
was	O
positive	O
in	O
only	O
3	O
out	O
of	O
11	O
cases	O
(	O
27	O
%)	O
of	O
Legionnaires	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
LD	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
functions	O
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
natural	B-ANAT
killer	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
murine	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	O
strain	O
3	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
natural	B-ANAT
killer	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
)	O
in	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
3	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
)	O
induced	O
murine	B-SPEC
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

Psychological	B-DISO
and	O
physical	O
functioning	O
at	O
each	O
time	O
point	O
was	O
measured	O
using	O
the	O
12	O
-	O
item	O
Medical	O
Outcome	O
Study	O
Short	O
-	O
Form	O
Health	O
Survey	O
(	O
SF	O
-	O
12	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
pathogens	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

Immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
was	O
assessed	O
by	O
intracellular	B-COMP
cytokine	O
staining	O
(	O
ICS	B-DISO
),	O
ELISpot	O
,	O
ELISA	O
,	O
and	O
neutralization	O
assays	O
.	O

SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
specific	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
all	O
vaccinees	O
,	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
in	O
approximately	O
20	O
%	O
of	O
individuals	O
.	O

The	O
VRC	O
SARS	B-DISO
DNA	O
vaccine	O
was	O
well	O
tolerated	O
and	O
produced	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
healthy	O
adults	O
.	O

Efficiency	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
antibody	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
could	O
be	O
enhanced	O
using	O
cholera	B-PRGE
toxin	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
b	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
milk	O
production	O
could	O
be	O
rapidly	O
accelerated	O
using	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
bovine	I-PRGE
somatotropin	I-PRGE
hormone	B-CHED
.	O

There	O
is	O
substantial	O
evidence	O
for	O
heritable	O
predispositions	O
to	O
severe	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
an	O
emerging	O
body	B-ANAT
of	O
literature	O
implicating	O
genetic	O
factors	O
in	O
ALI	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Analyses	O
of	O
viral	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
are	O
an	O
important	O
step	O
to	O
understand	O
viral	O
protein	B-CHED
functions	O
and	O
their	O
underlying	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

Three	O
informative	O
MYLK	O
coding	O
single	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphisms	B-PROC
were	O
individually	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
with	O
two	O
informative	O
risk	O
-	O
conferring	O
genotypes	O
His21Pro	O
(	O
CC	O
genotype	O
,	O
odds	O
ratio	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
87	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
1	O
.	O
06	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
33	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
022	O
)	O
and	O
Pro147Ser	O
(	O
TT	O
,	O
odds	O
ratio	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
13	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
1	O
.	O
14	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
10	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
)	O
more	O
frequent	O
than	O
the	O
noninformative	O
Thr335Thr	O
CC	O
genotype	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
42	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
0	O
.	O
20	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
85	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
010	O
).	O

Finally	O
,	O
haplotype	O
analyses	O
revealed	O
strong	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
associations	O
with	O
2	O
-	O
4	O
single	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphism	B-PROC
haplotypes	O
,	O
all	O
involving	O
His21Pro	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Ninety	O
-	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
273	O
subjects	O
(	O
33	O
%)	O
met	B-CHED
criteria	O
for	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
within	O
5	O
days	O
of	O
traumatic	O
insult	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
whole	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Approximately	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
,	O
and	O
90	O
%	O
possessed	B-DISO
strongly	O
neutralizing	O
Abs	B-PRGE
.	O

Strong	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
correlated	O
significantly	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
with	O
higher	O
neutralizing	O
Ab	O
.	O

Increased	O
Th2	O
cytokines	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
fatal	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Methicillin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
(	O
MRSA	B-DISO
)	O
rates	O
increased	O
from	O
1999	O
to	O
2005	O
(	O
F	O
=	O
9	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
003	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
ICPs	O
in	O
hospitals	O
certified	O
by	O
the	O
Certification	O
Board	O
of	O
Infection	B-DISO
Control	O
decreased	O
from	O
53	O
%	O
(	O
SD	O
,	O
46	O
)	O
in	O
1999	O
to	O
38	O
%	O
(	O
SD	O
,	O
36	O
)	O
in	O
2005	O
(	O
F	O
=	O
8	O
.	O
7	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
004	O
).	O

The	O
antibody	B-COMP
prevalence	O
was	O
high	O
at	O
both	O
sampling	O
times	O
with	O
approximately	O
85	O
%	O
and	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
positive	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
BCV	B-SPEC
and	O
to	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
increasing	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
with	O
dengue	B-DISO
hemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
and	O
dengue	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
disproved	O
the	O
theory	O
of	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
toward	O
commensalism	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
the	O
microbial	O
origins	O
of	O
peptic	B-DISO
ulcer	I-DISO
demonstrated	O
the	O
reach	B-PROC
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
whether	O
the	O
variable	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
tandem	O
repeat	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
in	O
intron	O
2	O
of	O
the	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
antagonist	B-PROC
gene	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Epitope	O
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
designed	O
to	O
induce	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
specific	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
are	O
being	O
developed	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
for	O
increasing	O
vaccine	O
potency	O
.	O

The	O
7	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
intramuscularly	O
with	O
multi	O
-	O
epitope	B-CHED
DNA	O
vaccine	O
encapsulated	O
by	O
liposome	O
and	O
boosted	O
two	O
weeks	O
later	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
challenged	O
by	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
five	O
weeks	O
post	O
booster	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
multi	O
-	O
epitope	B-CHED
DNA	O
vaccine	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
dramatic	O
augmentation	O
of	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
,	O
and	O
provided	O
up	O
to	O
80	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
rate	O
of	O
immune	O
protection	O
.	O

The	O
novel	O
immunogenic	O
chimeric	O
multi	O
-	O
epitope	B-CHED
DNA	O
vaccine	O
revealed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
provided	O
a	O
new	O
candidate	O
target	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

Among	O
the	O
farms	O
,	O
Farm	O
A	O
showed	O
a	O
high	O
antibody	B-COMP
incidence	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nitric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
HNO	O
(	O
3	O
))	O
is	O
a	O
solution	O
of	O
nitrogen	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
in	O
water	B-CHED
commonly	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
industrial	O
chemical	O
and	O
cleaner	O
.	O

The	O
coexistence	O
of	O
HNO	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
with	O
varying	O
oxides	B-CHED
of	I-CHED
nitrogen	I-CHED
likely	O
results	O
in	O
the	O
large	O
continuum	O
of	O
symptoms	O
related	O
to	O
HNO	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
exposure	O
and	O
varying	O
times	O
of	O
onset	O
--	O
acute	O
,	O
subacute	O
,	O
and	O
delayed	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
consequence	O
,	O
the	O
proteinase	B-PROC
domains	O
present	O
in	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
and	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
would	O
be	O
separated	O
from	O
their	O
target	O
sequences	O
by	O
the	O
lipid	B-ANAT
bilayer	I-ANAT
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
we	O
verified	O
that	O
in	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
,	O
all	O
four	O
hydrophobic	O
domains	O
span	O
the	O
lipid	B-ANAT
bilayer	I-ANAT
.	O

High	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identities	O
(	O
99	O
.	O
4	O
to	O
99	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
among	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
ruminant	B-SPEC
strains	O
and	O
recent	O
BCoV	O
strains	O
(	O
BCoV	O
-	O
LUN	B-PRGE
and	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ENT	I-PRGE
,	O
isolated	O
in	O
1998	O
)	O
further	O
confirm	O
the	O
close	O
relatedness	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neuroprotective	O
effect	O
of	O
apolipoprotein	B-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
against	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

While	O
best	O
described	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
IPF	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
syndrome	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
lesion	O
of	O
skeletal	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
resulting	O
in	O
subsequent	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
intracellular	B-COMP
contents	O
into	O
the	O
circulatory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
can	O
cause	O
potentially	O
lethal	O
complications	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
findings	O
showed	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
creatine	B-CHED
phosphokinase	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
sensitive	O
marker	O
of	O
muscular	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

The	O
peak	O
of	O
creatine	B-CHED
phosphokinase	O
(	O
186	O
.	O
080	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
;	O
normal	O
range	O
0	O
-	O
177	O
)	O
was	O
recorded	O
at	O
12	O
hours	O
of	O
admission	O
.	O

Other	O
pertinent	O
laboratory	O
results	O
such	O
as	O
urea	B-CHED
,	O
creatinine	B-CHED
,	O
prothrombin	B-PRGE
time	O
,	O
alanine	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
and	O
aspartate	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
were	O
also	O
changed	O
significantly	O
.	O

On	O
admission	O
the	O
patient	O
also	O
had	O
oliguria	B-DISO
with	O
dark	O
brown	O
pigment	O
in	O
his	O
urine	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
hypovolemic	O
and	O
IV	O
rehydratation	O
with	O
crystalloids	O
,	O
sodium	B-CHED
bicarbonate	I-CHED
and	O
mannitol	B-CHED
started	O
immediately	O
upon	O
admission	O
.	O

Other	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
can	O
help	O
identify	O
common	O
complications	O
of	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
metabolic	B-PROC
derangements	O
and	O
disseminated	O
intravascular	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
key	O
enzyme	O
for	O
the	O
virus	B-PROC
maturation	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
found	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
the	O
mature	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
is	O
subject	O
to	O
degradation	O
at	O
188Arg	O
/	O
189Gln	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
indicated	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
the	O
tetrapeptide	B-CHED
sequence	O
is	O
enough	O
for	O
inhibitory	O
activities	O
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
aldehyde	B-CHED
derivatives	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE	B-DISO
DEHYDROGENASE	I-DISO
DEFICIENCY	I-DISO
(	O
DPD	B-FUNC
)	O
IN	O
GI	O
MALIGNANCIES	B-DISO
:	O
EXPERIENCE	O
OF	O
4	O
-	O
YEARS	O
.	O

Screening	O
patients	O
for	O
DPD	B-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
prior	O
to	O
administration	O
of	O
5	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
FU	I-CHED
or	O
capecitabine	B-CHED
using	O
UraBT	O
could	O
potentially	O
lower	O
risk	O
of	O
toxicity	O
.	O

MRI	O
in	O
this	O
patient	O
showed	O
widespread	O
T2	O
-	O
hyperintensity	O
along	O
the	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
cortical	B-ANAT
gray	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
from	O
day	O
3	O
to	O
day	O
22	O
.	O

These	O
MRI	O
findings	O
provide	O
radiologic	O
evidence	O
for	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
cortical	B-ANAT
gray	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
in	O
AEFCSE	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Outcome	O
for	O
adults	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
relatively	O
frequent	O
disease	O
,	O
the	O
mortality	O
of	O
which	O
has	O
diminished	O
considerably	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

Secondary	O
deterioration	O
of	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
is	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
natural	O
history	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
should	O
suggest	O
other	O
diagnoses	O
.	O

The	O
various	O
studies	O
find	O
a	O
clear	O
diminution	O
in	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
after	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
),	O
essentially	O
related	O
to	O
neuromuscular	O
deficiencies	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
neuromyopathies	B-DISO
of	O
resuscitation	O
or	O
to	O
neuropsychological	O
damage	O
combining	O
cognitive	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
and	O
symptoms	O
of	O
posttraumatic	O
stress	O
.	O

Immunofluorescence	O
analysis	O
visualized	O
S	O
along	O
the	O
secretory	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
from	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
to	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
the	O
discovery	O
and	O
optimization	O
of	O
a	O
potent	O
inhibitor	O
against	O
the	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PLpro	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

The	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
structure	O
of	O
PLpro	O
in	O
complex	O
with	O
GRL0617	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
compound	O
has	O
a	O
unique	O
mode	O
of	O
inhibition	O
whereby	O
it	O
binds	B-FUNC
within	O
the	O
S4	O
-	O
S3	O
subsites	O
of	O
the	O
enzyme	O
and	O
induces	O
a	O
loop	O
closure	O
that	O
shuts	O
down	O
catalysis	O
at	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
.	O

They	O
are	O
extremely	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
morbidity	O
in	O
the	O
competent	O
hosts	B-COMP
and	O
some	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
significant	O
mortality	O
in	O
the	O
compromised	O
individuals	O
.	O

Some	O
of	O
these	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
may	O
have	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
cause	O
pandemics	O
or	O
global	O
spread	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
disease	O
,	O
as	O
exemplified	O
by	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

Systolic	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
,	O
degree	O
of	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
blood	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
were	O
measured	O
immediately	O
before	O
and	O
at	O
10	O
-	O
15	O
min	O
intervals	O
after	O
challenge	O
until	O
terminal	O
apnea	O
occurred	O
or	O
until	O
euthanasia	O
at	O
140	O
min	O
after	O
challenge	O
.	O

The	O
model	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
physical	O
form	O
of	O
heartworm	O
Ag	O
used	O
for	O
IV	O
challenge	O
in	O
D	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
immitis	I-SPEC
-	O
sensitized	O
cats	B-SPEC
is	O
an	O
important	O
factor	O
for	O
determining	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
challenge	O
reaction	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
exposed	O
internal	O
filarial	B-SPEC
Ag	O
presented	O
to	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
may	O
influence	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
challenge	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Delayed	O
recognition	O
of	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
child	O
:	O
a	O
misleading	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	O
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
in	O
childhood	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
replicated	O
to	O
slightly	O
reduced	O
titers	O
in	O
livers	B-ANAT
but	O
,	O
strikingly	O
,	O
did	O
not	O
induce	O
liver	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
X	O
domain	O
exacerbates	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
liver	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
,	O
most	O
likely	O
through	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
excessive	O
inflammatory	O
cytokine	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
certain	O
number	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
able	O
to	O
incorporate	O
their	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
into	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
cell	B-COMP
,	O
leading	O
to	O
rearrangement	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
genes	O
and	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
malignant	B-DISO
tumors	I-DISO
.	O

Viral	O
persistence	O
can	O
cause	O
manifestations	O
of	O
latent	O
or	O
chronic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
prion	O
-	O
caused	O
slow	O
infections	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

Data	O
from	O
the	O
National	O
Hospital	O
Discharge	B-ANAT
Survey	O
between	O
1990	O
and	O
2004	O
on	O
patients	O
who	O
underwent	O
primary	O
or	O
revision	O
THA	O
/	O
TKA	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
were	O
analysed	O
.	O

Three	O
different	O
PEEP	B-CHED
levels	O
of	O
0	O
(	O
ZEEP	O
),	O
10	O
(	O
PEEP10	O
)	O
and	O
20	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
(	O
PEEP20	O
,	O
1	O
cm	O
H2O	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
098	O
kPa	O
)	O
were	O
applied	O
to	O
each	O
group	O
one	O
after	O
another	O
.	O

Hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
and	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
were	O
measured	O
15	O
minutes	O
after	O
each	O
PEEP	B-CHED
level	O
was	O
applied	O
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
specimens	O
for	O
pathological	O
examination	O
were	O
harvested	O
after	O
sacrifice	O
of	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
identification	O
of	O
papules	O
in	O
well	O
-	O
haired	O
skin	B-ANAT
was	O
difficult	O
,	O
and	O
clipping	O
of	O
the	O
fur	O
facilitated	O
their	O
detection	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
),	O
a	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
frequently	O
leads	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
spite	O
of	O
a	O
strong	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

As	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
is	O
cleared	O
from	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
internalization	O
might	O
offer	O
protection	O
against	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
dependent	O
cell	B-COMP
lysis	B-DISO
.	O

Between	O
30	O
and	O
60	O
min	O
after	O
antibody	B-COMP
addition	O
,	O
the	O
complexes	O
left	O
the	O
late	O
endosomes	O
but	O
were	O
not	O
degraded	O
in	O
the	O
lysosomes	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
study	O
reveals	O
what	O
is	O
probably	O
a	O
new	O
internalization	O
pathway	B-PROC
into	O
primary	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
confirming	O
once	O
more	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
endocytic	O
processes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
avian	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
A	O
/	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
attracted	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
governments	O
and	O
health	O
organizations	O
throughout	O
the	O
world	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
pandemic	O
potential	O
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
study	O
on	O
human	B-SPEC
gastric	B-ANAT
juice	I-ANAT
and	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
animal	B-SPEC
study	O
.	O

Male	O
New	O
-	O
Zealand	O
white	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
.	O

Proinflammatory	O
activity	O
of	O
gastric	B-ANAT
juice	I-ANAT
from	O
17	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
patients	O
and	O
12	O
controls	O
undergoing	O
elective	O
surgery	O
was	O
measured	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
target	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
activation	O
assay	O
.	O

Gastric	B-ANAT
juice	I-ANAT
from	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
patients	O
,	O
even	O
buffered	O
at	O
pH	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
stimulated	O
human	B-SPEC
type	O
II	O
-	O
like	O
A549	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
up	O
-	O
regulate	O
intercellular	B-PRGE
adhesion	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
,	O
significantly	O
more	O
than	O
juice	O
obtained	O
in	O
controls	O
.	O

A	O
human	B-SPEC
gastric	B-ANAT
juice	I-ANAT
with	O
high	O
proinflammatory	O
activity	O
is	O
more	O
""""	O
toxic	O
""""	O
to	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
than	O
one	O
with	O
low	O
proinflammatory	O
activity	O
in	O
a	O
ventilated	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
model	O
,	O
an	O
effect	O
that	O
is	O
independent	O
of	O
pH	O
and	O
particulate	O
matter	O
content	O
.	O

Since	O
its	O
discovery	O
,	O
many	O
trials	O
have	O
been	O
executed	O
to	O
establish	O
the	O
prophylactic	O
and	O
therapeutics	O
toward	O
SARS	B-DISO
using	O
laboratory	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Nasal	B-DISO
discharge	B-ANAT
was	O
recorded	O
,	O
and	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
were	O
measured	O
.	O

Both	O
LC16mOrVV	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
LC16mOrVV	O
-	O
N	O
+	O
LC16mOrVV	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
article	O
attempts	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
key	O
respiratory	O
issues	O
in	O
these	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
unique	O
to	O
Asia	O
and	O
highlight	O
the	O
important	O
diagnostic	O
and	O
management	O
issues	O
faced	O
by	O
practising	O
respirologists	O
.	O

Four	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
one	O
feline	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antigen	B-CHED
were	O
cloned	O
into	O
baculoviruses	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
insect	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
and	O
recovered	O
proteins	B-CHED
bound	O
in	O
the	O
solid	O
phase	O
of	O
an	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
-	O
based	O
system	O
.	O

Demographic	O
factors	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
race	O
,	O
smoking	O
status	O
,	O
and	O
socioeconomic	O
status	O
,	O
may	O
confer	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
are	O
uncommon	O
but	O
are	O
of	O
markedly	O
bad	O
prognostic	O
significance	O
.	O

Septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
is	O
an	O
infrequent	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
disseminated	B-DISO
tuberculosis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
rare	O
cause	O
of	O
stridor	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
59	O
year	O
old	O
woman	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
of	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
varicella	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

Subjects	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
subgroups	O
according	O
to	O
MS	O
subtype	O
and	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
varicella	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
along	O
with	O
other	O
variables	O
was	O
assessed	O
.	O

Epitope	B-CHED
enhancement	O
can	O
elicit	O
more	O
potent	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
and	O
can	O
subsequently	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
stronger	O
memory	B-PROC
pool	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
molecular	O
basis	O
of	O
such	O
enhancement	O
is	O
unclear	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
also	O
detectable	O
in	O
the	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
of	O
vaccinated	O
,	O
challenged	O
hens	O
although	O
the	O
viral	O
load	O
was	O
much	O
lower	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
viral	O
load	O
in	O
the	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
of	O
unvaccinated	O
,	O
challenged	O
hens	O
.	O

This	O
indicates	O
that	O
rearing	O
phase	O
vaccination	O
can	O
offer	O
significant	O
protection	O
of	O
the	O
fully	O
functional	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
against	O
a	O
pathogenic	O
strain	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
lifethreatening	O
emerging	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
The	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
highly	O
antigenic	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
suitable	O
candidate	O
for	O
diagnostic	O
applications	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
but	O
not	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
PLP2	O
lacking	O
the	O
deubiquitinase	B-PROC
(	O
DUB	O
)	O
activity	O
can	O
reduce	O
IFN	B-PRGE
induction	O
and	O
promote	O
viral	O
growth	B-PROC
in	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
VSV	O
.	O

Postoperatively	O
both	O
patients	O
suffered	O
from	O
severe	O
complication	B-DISO
including	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Review	O
of	O
ECMO	O
(	O
extra	O
corporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
)	O
support	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
adult	O
patients	O
.	O

Complication	B-DISO
rates	O
and	O
outcomes	O
are	O
reviewed	O
and	O
our	O
experience	O
at	O
The	O
Epworth	O
Hospital	O
is	O
summarized	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
an	O
improved	O
recovery	O
method	O
for	O
target	O
ssDNA	O
using	O
amino	O
-	O
modified	O
silica	B-CHED
-	O
coated	O
magnetic	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
(	O
ASMNPs	O
)	O
is	O
reported	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
survey	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
a	O
community	O
adjacent	O
to	O
Kaohsiung	O
CGMH	O
and	O
collect	O
demographic	O
data	O
,	O
including	O
basic	O
information	O
about	O
health	O
status	O
,	O
household	O
,	O
and	O
possible	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
was	O
primarily	O
limited	O
to	O
hospital	O
settings	O
.	O

Both	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
were	O
under	O
19	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
and	O
had	O
no	O
known	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
risk	O
factors	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
found	O
229E	O
virion	B-COMP
S	O
protein	B-CHED
to	O
be	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
by	O
CPL	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
territory	O
-	O
wide	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
study	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
involving	O
1	O
,	O
541	O
dead	B-PROC
wild	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
three	O
novel	O
CoVs	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
three	O
different	O
bird	B-SPEC
families	O
(	O
bulbul	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
HKU11	I-PRGE
[	I-PRGE
BuCoV	I-PRGE
HKU11	I-PRGE
],	I-PRGE
thrush	B-DISO
CoV	I-PRGE
HKU12	I-PRGE
[	I-PRGE
ThCoV	I-PRGE
HKU12	I-PRGE
],	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
munia	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
HKU13	I-PRGE
[	I-PRGE
MuCoV	I-PRGE
HKU13	I-PRGE
]).	I-PRGE

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
leadership	O
training	O
program	O
for	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
:	O
results	O
from	O
a	O
Chinese	O
study	O
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
one	O
public	O
health	O
leaders	O
(	O
N	O
=	O
41	O
)	O
from	O
five	O
provinces	O
completed	O
the	O
entire	O
emergency	B-DISO
preparedness	O
training	O
program	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
response	O
of	O
participants	O
in	O
the	O
program	O
to	O
the	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
planned	O
evaluations	O
for	O
this	O
leadership	O
training	O
program	O
,	O
further	O
demonstrated	O
both	O
the	O
successful	O
approaches	O
and	O
methods	O
and	O
the	O
positive	O
impact	O
of	O
this	O
integrated	O
leadership	O
training	O
initiative	O
.	O

A	O
56	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
women	O
admitted	O
for	O
high	O
-	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
disturbance	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
consciousness	I-DISO
on	O
September	O
11	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
chest	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
on	O
admission	O
to	O
have	O
diffuse	O
infiltration	B-DISO
with	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pleural	I-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
.	O

Abdominal	B-ANAT
CT	O
on	O
admission	O
showed	O
left	O
hydronephrosis	B-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
ureteral	O
stones	O
.	O

Because	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
urine	B-ANAT
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
cultures	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
inducing	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
therapy	O
,	O
her	O
condition	B-DISO
improved	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
extubated	O
on	O
hospital	O
day	O
9	O
.	O

Broilers	O
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
H120	O
vaccine	O
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
virulent	O
M41	O
and	O
challenged	O
5	O
days	O
later	O
with	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
506	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
airsacs	O
the	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
were	O
more	O
numerous	O
in	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
/	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
groups	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
PBS	B-DISO
group	O
.	O

Canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CRCoV	O
)	O
has	O
previously	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
widespread	O
international	O
presence	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
implicated	O
in	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
canine	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
CIRD	O
).	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
quantify	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokine	O
mRNAs	O
following	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
canine	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
interface	O
tracheal	O
cultures	O
with	O
CRCoV	O
.	O
Within	O
this	O
system	O
,	O
immunohistochemistry	O
identified	O
ciliated	O
epithelial	O
and	O
goblet	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
as	O
positive	O
for	O
CRCoV	O
,	O
identical	O
to	O
naturally	O
infected	O
cases	O
,	O
thus	O
the	O
data	O
obtained	O
would	O
be	O
fully	O
transferable	O
to	O
the	O
situation	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Patterns	O
of	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
outcome	O
in	O
term	O
neonates	O
presenting	O
with	O
postnatal	O
collapse	B-DISO
.	O

Infants	O
born	O
at	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
36	O
weeks	O
'	O
gestation	B-PROC
with	O
early	O
(<	O
72	O
h	O
)	O
PNC	O
.	O

Ten	O
were	O
born	O
vaginally	O
(	O
including	O
occipitoposterior	O
(	O
1	O
),	O
breech	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
water	B-CHED
birth	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
),	O
ventouse	O
/	O
forceps	O
(	O
3	O
)),	O
and	O
two	O
by	O
emergency	B-DISO
caesarean	O
section	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Twelve	O
infants	O
were	O
studied	O
;	O
median	O
gestation	B-PROC
39	O
weeks	O
(	O
36	O
-	O
41	O
),	O
birth	B-PROC
weight	O
3150	O
g	O
(	O
1930	O
-	O
4010	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
a	O
minimal	O
peptide	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
2	O
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
combination	O
of	O
HR1	O
-	O
derived	O
peptides	B-CHED
as	O
fusion	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

A549	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
shown	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
purified	O
soluble	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
S	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
600	O
)	O
glycopeptide	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
search	O
for	O
the	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
,	O
an	O
A549	O
cDNA	O
expression	B-PROC
library	O
was	O
constructed	O
and	O
transduced	O
into	O
the	O
nonpermissive	O
,	O
baby	O
hamster	O
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
BHK	O
-	O
21	O
.	O

The	O
structures	O
were	O
individually	O
solved	O
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
structural	O
similarities	O
and	O
differences	O
of	O
the	O
ADRP	O
domains	O
among	O
various	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
mainly	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
a	O
strong	O
Th1	O
-	O
based	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
was	O
stimulated	O
by	O
both	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
.	O

The	O
vaccines	O
stimulated	O
gamma	O
interferon	O
production	O
mainly	O
by	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
)	O
mainly	O
by	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
strategies	O
investigated	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
structural	O
information	O
in	O
combination	O
of	O
chain	O
-	O
shuffling	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
hot	O
-	O
spot	B-SPEC
CDR	B-ENZY
mutagenesis	B-PROC
,	O
can	O
be	O
exploited	O
to	O
broaden	O
neutralization	O
activity	O
,	O
to	O
improve	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
nAb	O
therapies	O
,	O
and	O
directly	O
manipulate	O
virus	B-SPEC
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
ARIMA	O
model	O
of	O
outpatient	O
volume	O
in	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
year	O
was	O
developed	O
.	O

The	O
findings	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
identify	O
subspecialties	O
that	O
are	O
particularly	O
vulnerable	O
in	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
designated	O
hospital	O
and	O
such	O
hospitals	O
need	O
to	O
consider	O
which	O
subspecialties	O
should	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
their	O
medical	O
structure	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
if	O
a	O
hospital	O
is	O
completely	O
shut	O
down	O
due	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
a	O
similar	O
disease	O
,	O
the	O
impact	O
is	O
longer	O
than	O
previous	O
reported	O
and	O
different	O
departments	O
may	O
experience	O
different	O
recover	B-PROC
periods	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chemical	O
properties	O
of	O
heavy	O
metals	B-CHED
in	O
typical	O
hospital	O
waste	O
incinerator	O
ashes	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Chemical	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
HW	O
ashes	O
contained	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
metal	B-CHED
salts	B-CHED
of	O
Al	O
,	O
Ca	O
,	O
Fe	O
,	O
K	O
,	O
Mg	O
,	O
Na	O
with	O
a	O
concentration	O
range	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
315gkg	O
(-	O
1	O
).	O

HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
H5N1	B-DISO
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
many	O
other	O
emerging	O
diseases	O
have	O
either	O
proved	O
fatal	O
or	O
caused	O
international	O
alarm	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
predominant	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
entero	O
-	O
pathogenic	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

Single	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
inoculation	O
induced	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
airsacculitis	B-DISO
;	O
in	O
case	O
it	O
was	O
preceded	O
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
same	O
macroscopical	O
lesions	O
and	O
also	O
viral	O
tracheitis	O
were	O
found	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
airsacs	O
,	O
a	O
few	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
were	O
found	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
hpi	B-DISO
up	O
to	O
4	O
dpi	O
in	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
inoculated	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
both	O
pathogens	O
were	O
cleared	O
beyond	O
detection	O
at	O
7	O
dpi	O
,	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
inoculated	O
birds	B-SPEC
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
airsac	O
persisted	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
broilers	O
inoculated	O
with	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
only	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
cytokines	O
exacerbate	O
SARS	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
by	O
modulating	O
intrinsic	O
functions	O
of	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
derived	I-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
and	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
also	O
identified	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
)	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
as	O
key	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
induced	O
epithelial	O
cytokines	O
capable	O
of	O
inhibiting	O
the	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
priming	O
ability	O
of	O
DC	O
.	O

The	O
OPHL	O
plan	B-DISO
includes	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
an	O
aggressive	B-DISO
restructuring	O
of	O
the	O
overall	O
molecular	O
microbiology	O
testing	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
OPHL	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
shift	O
influenza	B-DISO
testing	O
of	O
samples	O
between	O
designated	O
OPHL	O
laboratories	O
;	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
screening	O
tools	O
for	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
diagnostic	O
tests	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
sought	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
factors	O
determining	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
iLA	B-PRGE
and	O
calculate	O
its	O
contribution	O
to	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Field	O
strain	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
with	O
small	O
deletions	O
in	O
ORF7b	O
associated	O
with	O
both	O
enteric	O
infection	O
and	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
deletions	O
in	O
the	O
ORF7b	O
gene	O
are	O
not	O
constrained	O
to	O
low	O
pathogenicity	O
/	O
enteric	O
biotypes	O
but	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
pathogenicity	O
/	O
FIP	B-DISO
biotypes	O
of	O
FCoV	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
enteric	O
tissues	B-ANAT
,	O
only	O
one	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
node	I-ANAT
sample	O
was	O
positive	O
.	O

The	O
CRCoV	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
assay	O
has	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
highly	O
specific	O
and	O
sensitive	O
assay	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
for	O
diagnostic	O
purposes	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
investigate	O
further	O
the	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
CRCoV	O
.	O

Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
(	O
hCoV	O
)	O
NL63	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
common	B-DISO
colds	I-DISO
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
colon	B-DISO
carcinoma	I-DISO
cells	B-COMP
(	O
CaCo	O
-	O
2	O
)	O
replicated	O
virus	B-SPEC
more	O
than	O
100	O
fold	O
more	O
efficiently	O
than	O
commonly	O
used	O
African	B-SPEC
green	I-SPEC
monkey	I-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
LLC	B-COMP
-	O
MK2	O
).	O

The	O
utility	O
of	O
plaque	B-DISO
assays	O
with	O
agrose	O
overlay	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
for	O
purifying	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
thereby	O
increasing	O
viral	O
infectivity	O
by	O
1	O
log	O
10	O
PFU	B-CHED
/	O
mL	O
.	O
CaCo	O
-	O
2	O
cells	B-COMP
support	O
hCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
better	O
than	O
LLC	B-COMP
-	O
MK2	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
enable	O
cytopathogenic	O
plaque	B-DISO
assays	O
.	O

Avicel	O
overlay	O
is	O
favourable	O
for	O
plaque	B-DISO
quantification	O
,	O
and	O
agarose	B-CHED
overlay	O
is	O
preferred	O
for	O
plaque	B-DISO
purification	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
Influenza	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
global	O
threat	O
needing	O
a	O
global	O
solution	O
.	O

Such	O
birds	B-SPEC
often	O
live	O
in	O
close	O
proximity	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
this	O
increases	O
the	O
chance	O
of	O
genetic	O
re	O
-	O
assortment	O
between	O
avian	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
which	O
may	O
produce	O
a	O
mutant	B-DISO
strain	O
that	O
is	O
easily	O
transmitted	B-DISO
between	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
application	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
iNO	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
to	O
selectively	O
influence	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
improve	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
to	O
decrease	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
pressure	O
without	O
relevant	O
systemic	O
side	O
effects	O
.	O

Certain	O
experimental	O
lentiviral	O
vaccines	O
even	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
counterproductive	O
:	O
they	O
rendered	O
vaccinated	O
subjects	O
more	O
susceptible	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
rather	O
than	O
protecting	O
them	O
.	O

Other	O
mechanisms	O
may	O
,	O
either	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
or	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
ADE	B-CHED
,	O
be	O
involved	O
.	O

Also	O
recent	O
failures	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
vaccine	O
against	O
HIV	B-DISO
may	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
part	O
be	O
attributed	O
to	O
induction	O
of	O
enhanced	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
devote	O
more	O
than	O
three	O
quarters	O
of	O
their	O
coding	O
capacity	O
to	O
encode	O
two	O
large	O
polyproteins	O
(	O
1a	O
and	O
1ab	O
polyproteins	O
),	O
which	O
are	O
proteolytically	O
processed	O
into	O
15	O
-	O
16	O
mature	O
,	O
nonstructural	O
replicase	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
to	O
16	O
).	O

Introduction	O
of	O
the	O
mutation	O
into	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
clone	O
system	O
showed	O
recovery	O
of	O
a	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
severe	O
growth	B-PROC
defects	O
,	O
supporting	O
that	O
dimerization	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
this	O
replicase	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
TCoV	O
nsp15	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
(	O
ss	O
)	O
RNA	O
at	O
the	O
uridylate	B-CHED
site	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
pandemic	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
:	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
subjective	O
wellbeing	O
of	O
elderly	O
and	O
younger	O
people	O
.	O

The	O
PWI	O
demonstrated	O
good	O
psychometric	O
performance	O
and	O
also	O
more	O
robustness	O
with	O
elderly	O
people	O
,	O
including	O
its	O
sensitivity	O
to	O
the	O
sense	B-PROC
of	O
population	O
threat	O
.	O

This	O
improved	O
within	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
and	O
,	O
after	O
five	O
days	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
nursing	B-PROC
department	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
isolated	O
DNA	O
aptamers	O
against	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
from	O
a	O
combinatorial	O
DNA	O
library	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
atypical	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
in	O
children	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
by	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
hospital	O
admission	O
of	O
children	O
.	O

Most	O
RSV	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
found	O
between	O
February	O
and	O
September	O
.	O

Adenovirus	B-DISO
had	O
multiple	O
peaks	O
,	O
whereas	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
were	O
detected	O
mainly	O
in	O
winter	O
and	O
early	O
spring	O
.	O

These	O
surface	O
deposits	O
of	O
PMP	B-CHED
MO	O
after	O
removal	O
were	O
studied	O
with	O
scanning	O
electron	O
and	O
fluorescence	O
microscopy	O
techniques	O
.	O

A	O
membranous	B-ANAT
structure	O
composed	O
of	O
single	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
cells	B-COMP
covered	O
large	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
PMP	B-CHED
fibers	O
.	O

We	O
assume	O
that	O
these	O
cellular	B-COMP
deposits	O
lower	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
ECMO	O
.	O

Later	O
posttransplant	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
viruses	B-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
can	O
occur	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
pathogens	O
,	O
including	O
some	O
vaccine	O
-	O
preventable	O
illnesses	O
such	O
as	O
measles	B-PATH
and	O
mumps	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
article	O
reviews	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
emerging	O
and	O
reemerging	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
infecting	O
solid	B-ANAT
organ	I-ANAT
and	O
hematopoietic	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
cell	B-COMP
recipients	O
,	O
including	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
-	O
6	O
,	O
lymphocytic	B-SPEC
choriomeningitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
measles	B-PATH
,	O
mumps	B-DISO
,	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
.	O

Of	O
the	O
43	O
patients	O
,	O
19	O
had	O
Jeune	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
24	O
had	O
Jarcho	O
-	O
Levin	O
syndrome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
seek	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
serum	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
recovered	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
complicating	O
avascular	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
of	I-DISO
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
(	O
AVNFH	O
).	O

42	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
matching	O
rate	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
points	O
was	O
ranged	O
from	O
85	O
%	O
to	O
95	O
%;	O
eighteen	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
discovered	O
including	O
transthyretin	B-PRGE
,	O
serpin	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
inhibitor	O
,	O
alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
antitrypsin	I-PRGE
precursor	I-PRGE
,	O
serum	B-COMP
amyloid	B-DISO
P	O
components	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
healthy	O
group	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
non	O
-	O
AVNFH	O
group	O
,	O
transthyretin	B-PRGE
,	O
C4B3	O
,	O
fibrinogen	B-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
,	O
apolipoprotein	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
,	O
apolipoprotein	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IV	I-PRGE
precursor	I-PRGE
,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
and	O
prealbumin	B-PRGE
showed	O
lower	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
inversely	O
serpin	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
inhibitor	O
,	O
alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
antitrypsin	I-PRGE
precursor	I-PRGE
and	O
serum	B-COMP
amyloid	B-DISO
P	O
components	O
showed	O
higher	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
serum	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
AVNFH	I-PRGE
necrosis	B-PROC
group	I-PRGE
.	O

There	O
were	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
serum	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
three	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
areas	O
under	O
the	O
ROC	O
curve	O
on	O
serum	B-COMP
amyloid	B-DISO
P	O
component	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
854	O
,	O
the	O
specificity	O
was	O
77	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
and	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
was	O
85	O
.	O
2	O
%.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
There	O
were	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
serum	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
three	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
length	O
of	O
complete	O
genome	O
was	O
28590	O
nucletides	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
composed	O
of	O
7	O
ORFs	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
flanked	O
by	O
untranslated	O
regions	O
(	O
UTRs	O
)	O
with	O
315	O
bases	B-CHED
at	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
end	O
and	O
277	O
bases	B-CHED
at	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
end	O
.	O

The	O
CCoV	O
-	O
II	O
strains	O
were	O
strictly	O
related	O
to	O
porcine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
,	O
a	O
higher	O
genetic	O
relatedness	O
to	O
recent	O
CCoV	O
-	O
II	O
isolates	O
was	O
observed	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
design	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
recovery	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
synthetic	O
replicating	O
life	O
form	O
,	O
a	O
29	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
kb	O
bat	B-ENZY
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
Bat	B-ENZY
-	O
SCoV	O
),	O
a	O
likely	O
progenitor	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
epidemic	O
.	O

To	O
test	O
a	O
possible	O
route	O
of	O
emergence	O
from	O
the	O
noncultivable	O
Bat	O
-	O
SCoV	O
to	O
human	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
we	O
designed	O
a	O
consensus	O
Bat	B-ENZY
-	O
SCoV	O
genome	O
and	O
replaced	O
the	O
Bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SCoV	I-PRGE
Spike	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
domain	I-PRGE
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RBD	I-PRGE
(	O
Bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SRBD	I-PRGE
).	O

Serological	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
the	O
truncated	O
S	O
-	O
N	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
derived	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
>	O
99	O
%	O
(	O
457	O
/	O
460	O
)	O
and	O
100	O
.	O
00	O
%	O
(	O
650	O
/	O
650	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

Fluorescent	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
showed	O
that	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
challenged	O
intranasally	O
with	O
SARSCoV	O
at	O
day	O
33	O
post	O
injection	O
were	O
completely	O
protected	O
from	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
truncated	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
suitable	O
immunodiagnostic	O
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
.	O

These	O
recombinant	O
fragments	O
were	O
designed	O
as	O
parts	O
of	O
two	O
different	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

One	O
recombinant	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
,	O
S251	O
-	O
683	O
,	O
was	O
designed	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
three	O
polypeptides	B-CHED
comprised	O
almost	O
the	O
whole	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
avoiding	O
the	O
last	O
25	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
degree	O
of	O
discomfort	B-DISO
reported	O
was	O
2	O
.	O
54	O
for	O
swabs	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
63	O
for	O
washes	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
68	O
for	O
aspirates	B-ANAT
and	O
3	O
.	O
61	O
for	O
brushings	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
It	O
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
that	O
antibody	B-COMP
overproduction	O
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
sIg	O
(+)	O
CD21	O
(-)	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
was	O
higher	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
SPF	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
the	O
albumin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
to	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
globulin	I-PRGE
ratio	O
has	O
negative	O
correlation	O
with	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
sIg	O
(+)	O
CD21	O
(-)	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
,	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
strongly	O
expressing	O
mRNA	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
master	O
gene	O
,	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
-	O
induced	O
maturation	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
1	O
(	O
Blimp	O
-	O
1	O
),	O
were	O
increased	O
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
B	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	I-PROC
differentiation	I-PROC
/	O
survival	O
factors	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
CD40	B-PRGE
ligand	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
activating	O
factor	O
belonging	O
to	O
the	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
(	O
BAFF	B-PRGE
),	O
was	O
enhanced	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
mRNAs	O
of	O
these	O
B	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	I-PROC
differentiation	I-PROC
/	O
survival	O
factors	O
were	O
overexpressed	O
in	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
dependent	O
enhancement	O
(	O
ADE	B-CHED
)-	O
induced	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
overproduce	O
B	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	I-PROC
differentiation	I-PROC
/	O
survival	O
factors	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
factors	O
act	O
on	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
promote	O
B	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	I-PROC
differentiation	I-PROC
into	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
FIPV	O
-	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neutrophil	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
is	O
believed	O
to	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
).	O

Treatment	O
with	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
and	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
resulted	O
in	O
improvement	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
and	O
successful	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
helicase	B-PRGE
confirmed	O
them	O
as	O
group	O
1	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

A	O
38	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
who	O
presented	O
progressive	O
symptoms	O
of	O
dysphagia	B-DISO
,	O
dysphonia	O
and	O
weakness	B-DISO
hindering	O
movement	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
limbs	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Over	O
10	O
mo	O
,	O
287	O
mouse	B-SPEC
litters	O
were	O
cross	O
-	O
fostered	O
by	O
using	O
1	O
of	O
2	O
paradigms	O
to	O
eliminate	O
murine	B-SPEC
norovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
MNV	O
),	O
Helicobacter	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
Syphacia	B-SPEC
obvelata	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Searching	O
immunodominant	O
epitopes	O
prior	O
to	O
epidemic	O
:	O
HLA	B-ANAT
class	B-SPEC
II	O
-	O
restricted	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
epitopes	I-PRGE
in	O
unexposed	O
individuals	O
.	O

Small	O
-	O
angle	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
scattering	O
data	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
in	O
an	O
extended	O
conformation	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
two	O
structural	O
domains	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
are	O
far	O
apart	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
different	O
coronaviruses	O
share	O
very	O
low	O
sequence	O
homology	O
,	O
the	O
physicochemical	O
features	O
described	O
above	O
may	O
be	O
conserved	O
across	O
different	O
groups	O
of	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
nuclear	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
(	O
NMR	O
)	O
structure	O
of	O
a	O
central	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
previously	O
annotated	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
unique	O
domain	O
(	O
SUD	O
-	O
M	O
,	O
for	O
""""	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
unique	O
domain	O
""")"	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
nonstructural	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
)	O
has	O
been	O
determined	O
.	O

SUD	O
-	O
M	O
(	O
527	O
-	O
651	O
)	O
also	O
shows	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
structure	O
homology	O
with	O
several	O
helicases	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
nucleoside	I-PRGE
triphosphate	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
contain	O
the	O
motifs	O
of	O
catalytic	O
residues	O
found	O
in	O
these	O
structural	O
homologues	O
.	O

These	O
studies	O
are	O
revealing	O
a	O
rich	O
set	O
of	O
novel	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
engage	O
,	O
modify	O
,	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
disrupt	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
signaling	O
and	O
nuclear	B-PROC
import	I-PROC
machinery	O
for	O
the	O
benefit	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characteristic	O
features	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
found	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
ICU	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
confirmed	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
had	O
significantly	O
different	O
clinical	O
features	O
and	O
timing	O
of	O
mortality	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
50	O
patients	O
,	O
14	O
had	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Titration	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
HcoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
by	O
an	O
indirect	O
immunoperoxidase	O
assay	O
.	O

After	O
viral	O
growth	B-PROC
,	O
viral	O
detection	O
by	O
IPA	B-CHED
yields	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
titer	O
,	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
""""	O
Tissue	B-ANAT
Culture	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Dose	O
""""	O
(	O
TCID50	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
chapter	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
step	O
conventional	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
a	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
that	O
were	O
used	O
routinely	O
in	O
our	O
laboratories	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Group	O
2a	O
of	O
the	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
contains	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
that	O
include	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
rat	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronaviruses	O
OC43	O
and	O
the	O
recently	O
identified	O
HKU1	O
strain	O
,	O
a	O
newly	O
recognized	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
equine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
),	O
and	O
wild	O
-	O
ruminant	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
developed	O
and	O
optimized	O
laboratory	O
diagnostic	O
techniques	O
,	O
including	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
in	O
HRT	O
-	O
18	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
,	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
antigen	B-CHED
ELISA	O
,	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
for	O
rapid	O
,	O
sensitive	O
,	O
and	O
reliable	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
BCoV	O
and	O
related	O
wild	O
ruminant	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
gene	O
1	O
primer	O
pair	O
enabled	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
green	O
-	O
checked	O
Amazon	B-SPEC
parrot	I-SPEC
(	O
Amazon	B-SPEC
viridigenalis	O
Cassin	O
).	O

Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
group	O
1	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
infects	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
.	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
reactivity	O
with	O
specific	O
lectins	O
we	O
assume	O
that	O
the	O
recognized	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
has	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
a	O
mucin	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Engineering	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNAs	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
as	O
bacterial	O
artificial	O
chromosomes	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
construction	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
)	O
infectious	B-DISO
clones	O
had	O
been	O
hampered	O
by	O
the	O
large	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
(	O
around	O
30kb	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
instability	O
of	O
plasmids	O
carrying	O
CoV	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
sequences	I-PRGE
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
reverse	O
genetic	O
systems	O
have	O
become	O
valuable	O
tools	O
for	O
studying	O
the	O
molecular	O
biology	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
we	O
provide	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
protocols	O
for	O
the	O
generation	O
,	O
cloning	O
,	O
and	O
modification	O
of	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
cDNA	O
using	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
as	O
a	O
cloning	O
vector	O
.	O

Additional	O
mutations	O
created	O
in	O
the	O
donor	B-CHED
RNA	O
can	O
be	O
co	O
-	O
incorporated	O
into	O
the	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
generate	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Immunological	O
detection	O
of	O
viruses	O
and	O
their	O
components	O
by	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
is	O
a	O
powerful	O
method	O
for	O
studying	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
viral	O
molecules	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
this	O
role	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
E	O
may	O
also	O
function	O
as	O
a	O
viroporin	O
,	O
although	O
no	O
data	O
from	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
have	O
confirmed	O
this	O
possibility	O
definitively	O
.	O

This	O
chapter	O
details	O
methods	O
for	O
generating	O
and	O
screening	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
these	O
gene	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Production	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
soluble	O
form	O
for	O
crystallization	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
highly	O
contagious	O
pathogens	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
take	O
precautions	O
against	O
laboratory	O
-	O
acquired	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
general	O
,	O
the	O
potency	O
of	O
new	O
ATCs	B-DISO
was	O
better	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
series	O
and	O
O	O
-[	O
2	O
-	O
phthalimidoethyl	O
]	O
4	O
-	O
chlorophenyl	O
(	O
3	O
-	O
nitrobenzoyl	O
)	O
thiocarbamate	O
turned	O
out	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
potent	O
ATC	O
so	O
far	O
synthesized	O
(	O
EC	O
(	O
50	O
)=	O
1	O
.	O
5nM	O
).	O

Also	O
,	O
greater	O
amounts	O
of	O
collagen	B-COMP
had	O
accumulated	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
Gln	B-CHED
group	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
were	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
histopathological	O
findings	O
that	O
Gln	B-CHED
supplementation	O
causes	O
more	O
severe	O
interstitial	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
ALI	O
induced	O
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
.	O

Burned	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
but	O
without	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
had	O
significant	O
temporal	O
improvement	O
in	O
the	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
from	O
27	O
+/-	O

Delivery	O
of	O
nebulized	O
bronchodilators	O
,	O
heparin	B-CHED
and	O
n	O
-	O
acetyl	B-CHED
cysteine	B-CHED
,	O
normally	O
mainstays	O
of	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
therapy	O
,	O
was	O
impossible	O
during	O
HFOV	O
.	O

Severe	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
tended	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
frequent	O
during	O
HFOV	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
refeeding	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
hypophosphatemia	B-DISO
induced	O
by	O
hypocaloric	O
enteral	O
nutrition	O
.	O

In	O
chronically	O
malnourished	B-DISO
patients	O
undergoing	O
nutritional	O
support	O
,	O
even	O
hypocaloric	O
feeding	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
developing	O
refeeding	O
syndrome	O
leading	O
to	O
severe	O
and	O
acute	O
electrolyte	O
fluid	O
-	O
balance	B-PROC
and	O
metabolic	B-PROC
abnormalities	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
evaluated	O
a	O
new	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assay	O
(	O
Seegene	O
Inc	O
.,	O
Seoul	O
,	O
Korea	O
)	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
12	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
using	O
two	O
primer	O
mixes	O
.	O

We	O
determined	O
the	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
-	O
attributable	O
fractions	O
among	O
children	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
rural	O
district	O
hospital	O
in	O
Kenya	O
,	O
among	O
inpatient	O
deaths	B-PROC
and	O
among	O
children	O
with	O
the	O
major	O
causes	O
of	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

This	O
contribution	O
is	O
underestimated	O
by	O
using	O
conventional	O
clinical	O
definitions	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
malnutrition	I-DISO
.	O

Two	O
-	O
hundred	O
and	O
ninety	O
-	O
four	O
specimens	O
from	O
42	O
men	O
who	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
HPV	O
-	O
16	O
at	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
anatomic	B-ANAT
sites	I-ANAT
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

HPV	O
-	O
16	O
viral	O
load	O
was	O
positively	O
correlated	O
between	O
proximal	O
anatomic	B-ANAT
sites	I-ANAT
:	O
perianal	B-ANAT
and	O
anal	B-ANAT
canal	I-ANAT
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
),	O
perianal	B-ANAT
and	O
scrotum	B-ANAT
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
),	O
scrotum	B-ANAT
and	O
glans	O
/	O
corona	B-CHED
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
045	O
),	O
and	O
scrotum	B-ANAT
and	O
penile	B-ANAT
shaft	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
037	O
).	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
penile	B-ANAT
shaft	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
preferred	O
site	O
for	O
HPV	O
-	O
16	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SCHOOL	O
model	O
and	O
new	O
targeting	B-PROC
strategies	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
an	O
important	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
SCHOOL	O
model	O
is	O
that	O
global	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
targeting	B-PROC
key	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
involved	O
in	O
MIRR	O
triggering	O
and	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
signal	B-PROC
transduction	I-PROC
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
a	O
diverse	O
set	O
of	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
diseases	O
.	O

It	O
also	O
demonstrates	O
how	O
the	O
lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
used	O
practically	O
for	O
rational	O
drug	O
design	O
.	O

From	O
launching	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
Supporting	O
Line	O
,	O
distributing	O
health	O
promotional	O
material	O
,	O
disseminating	O
SARS	B-DISO
related	O
information	O
,	O
paying	O
tribute	O
to	O
frontline	O
health	O
workers	O
,	O
and	O
promoting	O
local	O
business	O
,	O
to	O
fundraising	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
related	O
research	O
;	O
they	O
played	O
an	O
active	O
role	O
in	O
easing	O
the	O
public	O
'	O
s	O
anxiety	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
the	O
Chinese	O
-	O
Canadians	O
in	O
the	O
great	O
Toronto	O
area	O
.	O

The	O
Chinese	O
-	O
Canadian	O
community	O
organizations	O
'	O
activities	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
ethnic	O
minority	O
organizations	O
can	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
crisis	O
,	O
and	O
beyond	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
a	O
respiratory	O
pathogen	O
in	O
poultry	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
in	O
vitro	O
stimulation	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
resulted	O
in	O
ChIFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
production	O
in	O
splenocytes	O
of	O
both	O
infected	O
birds	B-SPEC
and	O
uninfected	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
crisis	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
knowledge	O
sharing	O
and	O
professional	O
commitment	O
,	O
as	O
perceived	O
by	O
the	O
current	O
nursing	B-PROC
staff	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Hospitals	O
and	O
healthcare	O
services	O
can	O
enhance	O
retention	B-PROC
of	O
medical	O
personnel	O
by	O
encouraging	O
knowledge	O
sharing	O
,	O
which	O
enhances	O
professional	O
commitment	O
and	O
alleviates	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
newly	O
introduced	O
contagious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
knowledge	O
sharing	O
correlated	O
positively	O
with	O
professional	O
commitment	O
but	O
negatively	O
with	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
study	O
provides	O
preliminary	O
evidence	O
that	O
knowledge	O
sharing	O
is	O
significantly	O
correlated	O
with	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
professional	O
commitment	O
of	O
nursing	B-PROC
personnel	O
.	O

Despite	O
increased	O
viral	O
loads	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
multiple	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
within	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
and	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
inflammatory	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
to	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
was	O
severely	O
impaired	B-DISO
in	O
MyD88	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
deficient	O
in	O
chemokine	O
receptors	O
that	O
contribute	O
to	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
were	O
more	O
susceptible	O
to	O
rMA15	O
-	O
induced	O
disease	O
and	O
exhibited	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
similar	O
to	O
that	O
seen	O
in	O
MyD88	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fulminant	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
(	O
FH	O
)	O
remains	O
an	O
important	O
clinical	O
problem	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
underlying	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
well	O
understood	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
5	O
nonvaccine	O
-	O
related	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
recovered	O
from	O
the	O
sentinel	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Based	O
on	O
sequences	O
of	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
IBV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ON2	I-PRGE
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
ON3	O
,	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
ON5	O
formed	O
a	O
cluster	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
strain	O
CU	O
-	O
82792	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
method	O
to	O
detect	O
13	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
and	O
B	O
;	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
subgroup	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
;	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
)	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
3	O
;	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
;	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
RV	O
);	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
;	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
OC43	O
);	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
);	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBoV	O
).	O

The	O
new	O
method	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
applied	O
simultaneously	O
with	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
six	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
in	O
clinical	O
samples	O
from	O
1700	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
CAP	B-DISO
).	O

She	O
died	B-PROC
two	O
weeks	O
after	O
hospital	O
admission	O
due	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
dechallenge	O
of	O
minocyclin	O
,	O
neurological	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
quickly	O
subsided	O
.	O

The	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
were	O
clustered	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
,	O
Taiwan	O
group	O
I	O
and	O
Taiwan	O
group	O
II	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
15	I-FUNC
deficiency	O
also	O
had	O
no	O
affect	O
on	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
CD127	B-PRGE
)	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
upregulation	B-PROC
,	O
granzyme	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
,	O
or	O
IFN	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
gamma	I-PROC
secretion	B-ANAT
in	O
CNS	B-CHED
persisting	O
CD8	O
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
GSK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
was	O
found	O
to	O
reduce	O
N	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
VeroE6	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
decrease	O
the	O
viral	O
titer	O
and	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
.	O

ECMO	O
allowed	O
epinephrine	B-CHED
and	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
to	O
be	O
progressively	O
discontinued	O
,	O
and	O
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

ECMO	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
was	O
possible	O
at	O
D9	O
,	O
with	O
milrinone	B-CHED
as	O
the	O
sole	B-ANAT
inotropic	O
agent	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
lung	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
due	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
part	O
to	O
activation	O
of	O
PKC	B-DISO
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
leading	O
to	O
decreasing	O
levels	O
and	O
activity	O
of	O
ENaC	B-PRGE
at	O
the	O
apical	O
surfaces	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Mild	O
-	O
risk	O
(	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
[	O
HR	O
]	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
(	O
HR	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
very	O
high	O
risk	O
levels	O
(	O
HR	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
4	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
Cox	O
proportional	O
hazards	O
regression	O
analysis	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
PIRO	O
score	O
also	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
healthcare	O
resource	O
utilization	O
in	O
CAP	B-DISO
patients	O
admitted	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

To	O
explore	O
the	O
correlation	O
between	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
FCoV	O
and	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
collected	O
from	O
363	O
naturally	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
during	O
2003	O
-	O
2007	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Irrespective	O
of	O
the	O
predominance	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
type	O
II	O
FCoV	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
correlation	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Accordingly	O
,	O
a	O
preliminary	O
report	O
of	O
our	O
experience	O
of	O
suspected	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
was	O
published	O
without	O
microbiological	O
findings	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
assembly	O
,	O
we	O
cloned	O
the	O
genes	O
encoding	O
these	O
four	O
proteins	B-CHED
into	O
the	O
eukaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pCAGGS	O
and	O
transfected	O
them	O
into	O
293T	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Existence	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
European	O
-	O
prevalent	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
genotype	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

These	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
classified	O
into	O
three	O
genetic	O
groups	O
,	O
including	O
two	O
that	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
reported	O
(	O
JP	O
-	O
I	O
and	O
JP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Induction	O
of	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
in	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
macrophages	B-ANAT
by	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
selectively	O
regulated	O
by	O
IFN	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
p38	B-PRGE
MAPK	B-FUNC
.	O

In	O
comparison	O
with	O
human	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
(	O
H1N1	O
),	O
the	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
more	O
strongly	O
activated	O
IFN	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
).	O

Generation	O
of	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
-	O
chimeric	O
mice	B-SPEC
expressing	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
IFNAR	B-PRGE
)	O
on	O
either	O
hemopoietic	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
cells	B-COMP
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
early	O
control	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
depended	O
mainly	O
on	O
IFNAR	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
on	O
hemopoietic	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
genetic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
IFNAR	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
on	O
LysM	O
+	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
CD11c	O
+	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
was	O
most	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
early	O
containment	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
within	O
secondary	B-ANAT
lymphoid	I-ANAT
organs	I-ANAT
and	O
to	O
prevent	O
lethal	O
liver	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
3D	O
virion	B-COMP
structure	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
obtained	O
by	O
cryo	O
-	O
electron	O
tomography	O
.	O

MHV	B-SPEC
particles	O
have	O
a	O
distinctly	O
spherical	O
shape	O
and	O
a	O
relatively	O
homogenous	O
size	O
(	O
approximately	O
85	O
nm	O
envelope	B-COMP
diameter	O
).	O

Instead	O
,	O
the	O
ribonucleoprotein	B-COMP
seems	O
to	O
be	O
extensively	O
folded	O
onto	O
itself	O
,	O
assuming	O
a	O
compact	O
structure	O
that	O
tends	O
to	O
closely	O
follow	O
the	O
envelope	B-COMP
at	O
a	O
distance	O
of	O
approximately	O
4	O
nm	O
.	O

The	O
questionnaire	O
focused	O
on	O
perceived	O
threat	O
,	O
vulnerability	O
,	O
severity	O
,	O
response	O
efficacy	O
,	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
efficacy	O
related	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
eight	O
other	O
diseases	O
.	O

Response	O
efficacy	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
efficacy	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
higher	O
in	O
Asia	O
compared	O
to	O
Europe	O
.	O

One	O
patient	O
with	O
coma	B-DISO
died	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
ventilator	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
mortality	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Department	O
two	O
patients	O
were	O
comatose	B-DISO
and	O
required	O
intubation	O
.	O

Further	O
,	O
a	O
relative	O
paucity	O
of	O
Tregs	O
characterizes	O
lethal	O
infection	B-DISO
because	O
adoptive	O
transfer	O
of	O
Tregs	O
into	O
rJ	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	O
increases	O
survival	O
from	O
0	O
%	O
to	O
50	O
%.	O

SARS	B-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
significant	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
stress	O
in	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
increased	O
mental	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

Applicable	O
models	O
to	O
improve	O
adaptation	B-PROC
in	O
individuals	O
include	O
Folkman	O
and	O
Greer	O
'	O
s	O
framework	O
for	O
stress	O
appraisal	O
and	O
coping	O
along	O
with	O
psychological	B-DISO
first	O
aid	O
.	O

Resilience	O
is	O
supported	O
at	O
an	O
organizational	O
level	O
by	O
effective	O
training	O
and	O
support	O
,	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
material	O
and	O
relational	O
reserves	O
,	O
effective	O
leadership	O
,	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
""""	O
magnet	O
hospitals	O
","""	O
and	O
a	O
culture	O
of	O
organizational	O
justice	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
a	O
pandemic	O
is	O
unpredictable	O
,	O
this	O
effort	B-PROC
is	O
not	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
wasted	B-DISO
because	O
it	O
will	O
also	O
support	O
the	O
health	O
of	O
both	O
patients	O
and	O
staff	O
in	O
normal	O
times	O
.	O

While	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
no	O
recent	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
the	O
threat	O
remains	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
like	O
strains	O
still	O
exist	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoirs	O
.	O

Biophysical	O
analyses	O
with	O
circular	O
dichroism	O
,	O
transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
and	O
dynamic	O
light	O
scattering	O
confirmed	O
the	O
computational	O
design	O
showing	O
alpha	O
-	O
helcial	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
with	O
sizes	O
of	O
about	O
25	O
nm	O
.	O

Immunization	O
experiments	O
with	O
no	O
adjuvants	B-CHED
were	O
performed	O
with	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

An	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
binding	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
elicited	O
antibodies	B-COMP
showed	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
highly	O
conformation	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
coiled	O
-	O
coil	O
epitope	B-CHED
because	O
they	O
specifically	O
recognized	O
the	O
native	O
trimeric	O
conformation	O
of	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
region	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp9	O
dimerization	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
efficient	O
viral	O
growth	O
.	O

The	O
G104V	O
mutant	B-DISO
produced	O
highly	O
debilitated	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
eventually	O
reverted	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
the	O
wild	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
through	O
a	O
codon	O
transversion	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
estimate	O
the	O
coincidence	O
of	O
new	O
otitis	O
media	O
(	O
OM	O
)	O
for	O
first	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
detections	O
of	O
the	O
more	O
common	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
).	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
176	O
children	O
(	O
81	O
%)	O
had	O
isolated	O
PCR	O
detection	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
OM	O
coincidence	O
rates	O
were	O
62	O
of	O
144	O
(	O
44	O
%)	O
for	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
15	O
of	O
27	O
(	O
56	O
%)	O
for	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
8	O
of	O
11	O
(	O
73	O
%)	O
and	O
1	O
of	O
5	O
(	O
20	O
%)	O
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
6	O
of	O
12	O
(	O
50	O
%)	O
for	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
7	O
of	O
18	O
(	O
39	O
%)	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
4	O
of	O
11	O
(	O
36	O
%)	O
for	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
detections	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
37	O
).	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
wishful	O
thinking	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
those	O
behaviours	O
that	O
may	O
potentially	O
lead	O
to	O
economic	O
hardship	O
in	O
afflicted	O
areas	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
avoiding	O
people	O
perceived	O
to	O
be	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
.	O

Although	O
its	O
cost	O
and	O
technological	O
availability	O
make	O
it	O
unlikely	O
that	O
this	O
system	O
will	O
very	O
soon	O
be	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
standard	O
worldwide	O
,	O
this	O
system	O
could	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
earlier	O
discovery	O
of	O
novel	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
bioterrorism	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
difficult	O
to	O
detect	O
with	O
conventional	O
procedures	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
sialic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
is	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
primary	O
chicken	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
tracheal	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
by	O
all	O
four	O
strains	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
pre	O
-	O
exposure	O
to	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
VTT	O
via	O
intranasal	O
or	O
intraoral	O
route	O
impaired	B-DISO
the	O
Nab	O
response	O
via	O
the	O
same	O
routes	O
of	O
MVTT	O
-	O
S	O
vaccination	O
probably	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
anti	O
-	O
VTT	O
Nab	O
response	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
show	O
the	O
same	O
features	O
of	O
CRCoV	O
4182	O
,	O
the	O
genomic	O
region	O
between	O
the	O
spike	O
and	O
the	O
envelope	O
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
of	O
CRCoV	O
240	O
/	O
05	O
encodes	O
for	O
three	O
distinct	O
products	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
equivalent	O
bovine	B-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
kDa	I-PRGE
non	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
structural	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
truncated	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
kDa	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
whereas	O
CRCoV	O
4182	O
has	O
a	O
unique	O
8	O
.	O
8	O
kDa	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Seven	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
CCoV	O
while	O
all	O
samples	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
CRCoV	O
.	O
Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
five	O
CCoV	O
strains	O
showed	O
a	O
high	O
similarity	O
with	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
at	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
identified	O
a	O
reference	O
data	O
set	O
of	O
624	O
mechanically	O
-	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
MIMIC	O
-	O
II	O
intensive	O
care	O
database	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
low	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratios	O
(	O
termed	O
respiratory	O
instability	O
),	O
and	O
developed	O
prediction	O
algorithms	O
for	O
distinguishing	O
these	O
patients	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
critical	O
event	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Angiotensin	O
-	O
converting	O
enzyme	O
(	O
ACE	B-PRGE
)-	O
2	O
is	O
a	O
homolog	O
of	O
the	O
well	O
-	O
characterized	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
-	O
bound	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
isolates	O
were	O
neutralized	O
with	O
serum	B-COMP
from	O
birds	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
vaccine	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Delivery	O
to	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
is	O
required	O
for	O
effective	O
immunization	O
with	O
Newcastle	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
vectored	O
vaccines	O
intended	O
for	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
direct	O
comparison	O
of	O
a	O
vaccine	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
NDV	B-SPEC
mesogenic	O
strain	O
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
-	O
BC	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
similarly	O
designed	O
NDV	B-SPEC
vector	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
modified	O
lentogenic	O
strain	O
carrying	O
a	O
polybasic	O
F	O
cleavage	O
site	O
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
-	O
VF	O
)	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
two	O
NDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
similar	O
in	O
immunogenicity	O
and	O
were	O
equally	O
protective	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
on	O
the	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
of	O
hens	O
.	O

Cilia	B-COMP
loss	O
was	O
not	O
observed	O
in	O
any	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
using	O
scanning	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
contusion	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
problem	O
from	O
blunt	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
caused	O
by	O
mechanical	O
forces	O
and	O
by	O
exposure	O
to	O
blast	B-ANAT
overpressure	O
,	O
often	O
with	O
fatal	O
consequences	O
.	O

No	O
changes	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
manganase	B-PRGE
superoxide	I-PRGE
dismutase	I-PRGE
(	O
MnSOD	B-PRGE
)	O
or	O
glutathione	B-PRGE
reductase	I-PRGE
(	O
GR	O
)	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
after	O
blast	B-ANAT
.	O

N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
Acetylcysteine	I-CHED
amide	B-CHED
significantly	O
reduced	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
CD11b	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
activation	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
completely	O
blocked	O
activation	O
of	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
CINC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
relatively	O
higher	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
chemokine	O
mRNAs	O
compared	O
with	O
reduction	O
in	O
MPO	B-FUNC
activity	O
and	O
CD11b	B-PRGE
is	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
an	O
antioxidant	B-PROC
effect	I-PROC
of	O
NACA	B-COMP
on	O
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
(	O
ROS	B-CHED
)	O
accumulation	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
by	O
an	O
effect	O
on	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
sequestration	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
strain	O
A59	O
ns2	B-DISO
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
30	O
-	O
kDa	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
that	O
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
from	O
a	O
subgenomic	O
mRNA	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Its	O
homologs	O
are	O
also	O
encoded	O
in	O
other	O
closely	O
related	O
group	O
2a	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
more	O
distantly	O
related	O
toroviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
attenuated	O
for	O
replication	O
in	O
mouse	B-ANAT
brain	I-ANAT
following	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
inoculation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
on	O
recent	O
advances	O
and	O
achievements	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
gas	O
exchange	O
for	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
application	O
in	O
the	O
therapy	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
various	O
forms	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
not	O
yet	O
formally	O
published	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
if	O
confirmed	O
,	O
represent	O
the	O
first	O
positive	O
randomized	O
clinical	O
trial	O
on	O
adult	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
application	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Other	O
important	O
results	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
clinical	O
application	O
of	O
interventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
,	O
a	O
pumpless	O
arteriovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
technique	O
,	O
in	O
different	O
clinical	O
conditions	O
(	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
,	O
bridge	O
to	O
transplantation	O
,	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
trauma	O
).	O

Recently	O
,	O
several	O
studies	O
have	O
reported	O
that	O
AE	O
also	O
occurred	O
in	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonias	I-DISO
other	O
than	O
IPF	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
collagen	B-DISO
vascular	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
CVD	B-DISO
-	O
IP	O
).	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
elucidate	O
cumulative	O
incidence	O
of	O
AE	O
in	O
CVD	B-DISO
-	O
IP	O
and	O
its	O
clinical	O
features	O
.	O

Underlying	O
CVDs	O
included	O
rheumatoid	B-PATH
arthritis	I-PATH
(	O
RA	O
)	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
;	O
overall	O
incidence	O
,	O
20	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
and	O
primary	O
Sjögren	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
;	O
overall	O
incidence	O
,	O
5	O
.	O
9	O
%).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
83	O
CVD	B-DISO
-	O
IP	O
patients	O
,	O
six	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
age	O
of	O
65	O
.	O
7	O
years	O
developed	O
AE	O
(	O
overall	O
incidence	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
%;	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
incidence	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
25	O
%).	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
pilot	O
study	O
we	O
tested	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
timely	O
initiation	O
of	O
iLA	O
using	O
clear	O
algorithms	O
and	O
an	O
improved	O
cannulation	O
technique	O
will	O
positively	O
influence	O
complication	B-DISO
rates	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
cardiac	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
or	O
severe	O
peripheral	O
vascular	O
disease	O
were	O
not	O
considered	O
suitable	O
for	O
iLA	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
indication	O
algorithm	O
for	O
iLA	B-PRGE
in	O
early	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
combined	O
with	O
a	O
refined	O
application	O
technique	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
efficient	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
removal	O
and	O
a	O
reduced	O
incidence	O
of	O
adverse	O
events	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Initiation	O
of	O
iLA	B-PRGE
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
marked	O
removal	O
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
allowing	O
a	O
rapid	O
reduction	O
in	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(<	O
or	O
=	O
6	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
and	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
plateau	O
pressure	O
.	O

Gas	B-PRGE
exchange	O
,	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
,	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressures	O
,	O
breathing	B-PROC
patterns	O
and	O
sedation	B-DISO
requirements	O
before	O
(	O
baseline	O
)	O
and	O
after	O
(	O
2	O
-	O
4	O
days	O
)	O
initiation	O
of	O
treatment	O
with	O
p	O
-	O
ECLA	O
were	O
analysed	O
.	O

Their	O
knowledge	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
high	O
.	O

They	O
had	O
a	O
lower	O
perceived	O
threat	O
than	O
general	O
populations	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
avian	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
a	O
lower	O
perceived	O
severity	O
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
indicated	O
that	O
TCoV	O
was	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
group	O
2	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
but	O
more	O
recent	O
antigenic	O
and	O
genome	O
sequence	O
analyses	O
contradict	O
these	O
findings	O
and	O
,	O
instead	O
,	O
provide	O
evidence	O
that	O
TCoV	O
is	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
nomenclature	O
for	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
isolates	O
and	O
the	O
question	O
of	O
species	B-SPEC
status	O
.	O

Representatives	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
from	O
turkey	B-SPEC
and	O
pheasant	O
would	O
include	O
turkey	B-SPEC
/	O
United	O
States	O
(	O
Nc	O
)/	O
NC95	O
/	O
95	O
and	O
pheasant	O
/	O
UK	O
/	O
750	O
/	O
83	O
.	O

If	O
the	O
serotype	O
of	O
an	O
isolate	O
has	O
been	O
clearly	O
established	O
,	O
this	O
might	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
name	B-SPEC
at	O
end	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
serotype	O
designation	O
of	O
AIVs	O
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
chicken	B-SPEC
/	O
China	O
/	O
NRZ	O
/	O
91	O
(	O
Mass	O
.)	O
for	O
the	O
Chinese	O
isolate	O
of	O
the	O
Massachusetts	O
serotype	O
.	O

Adenovirus	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
particles	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
was	O
identified	O
as	O
egg	B-DISO
drop	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
EDS	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
serological	O
and	O
genomic	O
examination	O
.	O

Histological	O
examination	O
of	O
tissues	B-ANAT
was	O
largely	O
unremarkable	O
,	O
apart	O
from	O
some	O
sections	O
that	O
showed	O
crypt	B-ANAT
dilation	B-DISO
and	O
flattened	O
epithelia	O
.	O

This	O
gene	O
order	B-SPEC
is	O
unlike	O
that	O
of	O
any	O
known	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
gene	O
analogous	O
to	O
the	O
gene	O
5	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O
The	O
gene	O
5	O
of	O
the	O
turkey	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
had	O
two	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
,	O
5a	O
and	O
5b	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
isolated	O
from	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
in	O
North	O
America	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
that	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
disease	O
in	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
outside	O
of	O
North	O
America	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
Group	O
3	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
like	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
PCRs	O
,	O
or	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
PCRs	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
general	O
,	O
designed	O
to	O
detect	O
all	O
or	O
most	O
variants	O
of	O
a	O
pathogen	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
be	O
serotype	O
,	O
genotype	O
or	O
pathotype	O
specific	O
.	O

Progress	O
is	O
being	O
made	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
making	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
approaches	O
more	O
suitable	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
diagnostic	O
laboratories	O
.	O

We	O
examined	O
inflammatory	O
gene	O
mRNA	B-CHED
abundances	O
found	O
in	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
PBMC	O
using	O
gene	O
arrays	O
.	O

Also	O
,	O
titration	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	O
specific	O
production	O
and	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
by	O
ELISA	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
dose	O
of	O
5	O
.	O
6nM	O
of	O
S	O
produced	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
IL	O
-	O
8	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
mock	O
-	O
treated	O
controls	O
.	O

Activation	O
and	O
translocation	B-DISO
of	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
was	O
shown	O
to	O
occur	O
rapidly	O
following	O
exposure	O
of	O
PBMC	O
or	O
THP	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
using	O
a	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
assay	O
for	O
active	O
nuclear	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
p65	B-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
.	O

BRSV	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
diseased	O
calves	O
in	O
two	O
herds	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
clinically	O
healthy	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
suggest	O
a	O
beneficial	O
effect	O
of	O
early	O
use	O
of	O
NMBAs	O
on	O
oxygenation	O
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
NMBAs	O
in	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
ICU	O
-	O
acquired	O
neuromyopathies	B-DISO
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
atelectasis	B-DISO
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
remains	O
largely	O
questioned	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
common	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
clinical	O
practice	O
has	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Recombinant	O
human	B-SPEC
activated	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
(	O
APC	B-COMP
)	O
can	O
significantly	O
reduce	O
the	O
mortality	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
comparison	O
with	O
nontreatment	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
infusion	O
of	O
APC	B-COMP
significantly	O
reduced	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
thrombomodulin	B-PRGE
level	I-PRGE
(	O
TM	O
;	O
control	O
group	O
was	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
68	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
)	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
vs	O
APC	B-COMP
group	O
of	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
+/-	O

APC	B-COMP
-	O
treated	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
showed	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
and	O
antithrombin	B-PRGE
but	O
exhibited	O
less	O
D	O
-	O
dimer	O
production	O
than	O
did	O
the	O
controls	O
.	O

0	O
.	O
6	O
in	O
APC	B-COMP
group	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coagulation	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
fibrinolysis	B-PROC
activity	O
may	O
be	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
possible	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
activated	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
attenuated	O
endotoxin	O
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coagulation	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
fibrinolysis	B-PROC
activity	O
may	O
be	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
possible	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
activated	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
attenuated	O
endotoxin	O
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
.	O

Of	O
1	O
,	O
091	O
patients	O
with	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
635	O
had	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
malaria	O
and	O
456	O
had	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
malaria	O
.	O

Further	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
multicentric	O
epidemiologic	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
basic	O
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
this	O
less	O
known	O
entity	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
population	O
consisted	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
under	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
5	O
years	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
croup	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
in	O
49	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
296	O
patients	O
.	O

Using	O
our	O
methods	O
to	O
detect	O
viral	O
causes	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
acceptable	O
for	O
the	O
national	O
surveillance	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
infants	O
and	O
children	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
catheter	O
placement	O
,	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
and	O
maximum	O
LOD	B-FUNC
score	O
,	O
were	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
general	O
condition	B-DISO
,	O
serum	B-COMP
total	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
,	O
creatinine	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
prothrombin	B-PRGE
activity	O
,	O
Child	O
-	O
Turcotte	O
-	O
Pugh	O
(	O
CTP	B-CHED
)	O
score	O
,	O
and	O
model	O
for	O
end	O
-	O
stage	O
liver	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
MELD	O
)	O
score	O
48	O
h	O
before	O
operation	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

Logistic	O
stepwise	O
regression	O
analysis	O
screened	O
out	O
serum	B-COMP
total	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
as	O
an	O
independent	O
predictor	O
for	O
ALI	O
following	O
OLT	O
.	O

The	O
widespread	O
incorporation	O
of	O
molecular	O
methods	O
into	O
clinical	O
microbiology	O
laboratories	O
has	O
not	O
only	O
led	O
to	O
notable	O
advances	O
in	O
the	O
etiological	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
but	O
has	O
also	O
increased	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
pathology	B-DISO
and	O
epidemiological	O
profiles	O
of	O
the	O
causative	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Using	O
IHC	O
,	O
antigens	B-CHED
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
,	O
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
myocardial	O
vasculature	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
skin	B-ANAT
,	O
sclera	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
eye	B-ANAT
,	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
brain	B-ANAT
neurons	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
inoculated	O
embryos	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
composed	O
of	O
two	O
subunits	O
;	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
contains	O
a	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
that	O
engages	O
with	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
receptor	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
S2	B-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
mediates	O
fusion	O
between	O
the	O
viral	O
and	O
host	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
.	O

During	O
the	O
period	O
March	O
-	O
May	O
2004	O
,	O
all	O
hospital	O
staff	O
completed	O
a	O
mandatory	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
education	O
program	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
receipt	O
of	O
hospital	O
-	O
specific	O
MRSA	B-DISO
data	O
and	O
case	O
-	O
based	O
practice	O
with	O
additional	O
precautions	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
rate	O
of	O
nosocomial	O
acquisition	O
of	O
MRSA	B-DISO
colonization	O
or	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
8	O
.	O
8	O
cases	O
per	O
100	O
admission	O
MRSA	B-DISO
exposure	O
-	O
days	O
for	O
the	O
period	O
before	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
cases	O
per	O
100	O
admission	O
MRSA	B-DISO
exposure	O
-	O
days	O
for	O
the	O
period	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
<.	O
001	O
for	O
before	O
SARS	B-DISO
vs	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
cases	O
per	O
100	O
admission	O
MRSA	B-DISO
exposure	O
-	O
days	O
for	O
the	O
period	O
after	O
education	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
02	O
for	O
after	O
education	O
vs	O
before	O
education	O
).	O

The	O
subsequent	O
needle	O
core	O
biopsy	O
was	O
diagnostic	O
for	O
a	O
mixed	B-DISO
germ	I-DISO
cell	I-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
comprising	O
immature	B-DISO
teratoma	I-DISO
and	O
seminoma	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
right	O
-	O
sided	O
pneumonectomy	O
revealed	O
an	O
intrapulmonary	O
tumor	B-DISO
with	O
cystic	O
and	O
solid	O
components	O
,	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
necrosis	B-PROC
with	O
a	O
tumor	B-DISO
diameter	O
of	O
18cm	O
.	O

In	O
two	O
recent	O
randomized	O
,	O
controlled	O
studies	O
,	O
the	O
fish	B-SPEC
oil	O
formula	O
that	O
was	O
previously	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
was	O
administered	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	O
/	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
in	O
which	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
is	O
less	O
severe	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
health	O
threats	O
posed	O
by	O
airborne	O
pathogens	O
are	O
difficult	O
to	O
handle	O
for	O
healthcare	O
responders	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
contaminated	O
area	O
is	O
not	O
immediately	O
recognizable	O
.	O

By	O
means	O
of	O
wind	B-DISO
dispersion	O
modeling	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
extent	O
and	O
geographical	O
position	O
of	O
hazardous	O
areas	O
and	O
health	O
impact	O
.	O

As	O
per	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
),	O
the	O
continual	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
rapid	O
laboratory	O
test	O
to	O
aid	O
the	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
suspected	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
makes	O
this	O
area	O
a	O
priority	O
for	O
future	O
research	O
.	O

The	O
genetically	O
engineered	O
attenuated	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
viral	O
vector	O
vaccine	O
encoding	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
elicit	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
in	O
vaccinated	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

NP	O
is	O
the	O
preferred	O
target	O
for	O
routine	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
ELISA	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
economical	O
method	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
methods	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
Boerhaave	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
presenting	O
after	O
a	O
trial	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Within	O
20	O
h	O
,	O
she	O
deteriorated	O
and	O
progressed	O
to	O
severe	O
type	B-DISO
2	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
initiation	O
of	O
first	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
and	O
then	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
,	O
a	O
tension	B-DISO
pneumothorax	I-DISO
developed	O
.	O

Subsequent	O
management	O
included	O
a	O
thoracotomy	O
,	O
defunctioning	O
oesophagectomy	O
,	O
and	O
gastrostomy	B-DISO
with	O
ventilatory	O
and	O
inotropic	O
support	O
.	O

Five	O
stages	O
arose	O
in	O
the	O
participants	O
'	O
involvement	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
over	O
12	O
weeks	O
:	O
facing	O
shock	O
and	O
chaos	B-SPEC
;	O
searching	O
for	O
reliable	O
sources	O
to	O
clarify	O
myths	O
;	O
developing	O
and	O
adjusting	O
nursing	B-PROC
care	O
;	O
supporting	O
nurses	O
and	O
their	O
clients	O
;	O
and	O
rewarding	O
nurses	O
.	O

Five	O
stages	O
arose	O
in	O
the	O
participants	O
'	O
involvement	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
over	O
12	O
weeks	O
:	O
facing	O
shock	O
and	O
chaos	B-SPEC
;	O
searching	O
for	O
reliable	O
sources	O
to	O
clarify	O
myths	O
;	O
developing	O
and	O
adjusting	O
nursing	B-PROC
care	O
;	O
supporting	O
nurses	O
and	O
their	O
clients	O
;	O
and	O
rewarding	O
nurses	O
.	O

Such	O
combination	O
of	O
the	O
2	O
functional	O
domains	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp14	O
suggests	O
that	O
it	O
may	O
represent	O
a	O
novel	O
form	O
of	O
RNA	O
-	O
processing	O
enzymes	O
.	O

Mutational	O
analysis	O
in	O
a	O
replicon	O
system	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
N7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
activity	O
was	O
important	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
/	O
transcription	B-PROC
and	O
can	O
thus	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
attractive	O
drug	O
target	O
to	O
develop	O
antivirals	B-CHED
for	O
control	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
including	O
the	O
deadly	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
conventional	O
identification	O
methods	O
require	O
time	O
-	O
consuming	O
culturing	O
,	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
are	O
not	O
very	O
sensitive	O
and	O
specific	O
.	O

Individuals	O
with	O
psychological	B-DISO
disorders	O
were	O
classified	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
scores	O
on	O
the	O
30	O
-	O
item	O
General	O
Health	O
Questionnaire	O
during	O
the	O
recovery	O
period	O
.	O

Until	O
now	O
information	O
on	O
newly	O
identified	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
immunosuppressed	O
adult	O
patients	O
is	O
limited	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Critically	O
ill	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
systemic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
can	O
develop	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
insufficiency	O
(	O
CIRCI	O
),	O
which	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
poor	O
outcome	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
large	O
scale	O
multi	O
-	O
centre	O
trials	O
gave	O
partially	O
conflicting	O
results	O
arguing	O
against	O
the	O
broad	O
use	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
in	O
stress	O
doses	O
.	O

The	O
kinetics	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
spread	O
to	O
and	O
clearance	O
from	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
appeared	O
to	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
inoculation	O
dose	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
provide	O
new	O
insights	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
BLI	O
to	O
study	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
several	O
potently	O
neutralizing	O
fully	O
human	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
hmAbs	O
)	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
G	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
paramyxoviruses	O
Hendra	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HeV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NiV	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
discovered	O
[	O
corrected	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
with	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
has	O
twice	O
previously	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
beneficial	O
.	O

Out	O
of	O
the	O
seven	O
positive	O
clones	O
observed	O
by	O
yeast	B-SPEC
two	O
-	O
hybrid	O
assay	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
Ddx5	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
Asp	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Glu	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
Ala	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
Asp	B-CHED
box	I-PRGE
polypeptide	B-CHED
5	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
showed	O
specific	O
interaction	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
ECMO	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
study	O
regarding	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
morphology	O
and	O
function	O
and	O
health	O
-	O
related	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
ECMO	O
-	O
treated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
have	O
good	O
physical	O
and	O
social	O
functioning	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
collected	O
demographic	O
,	O
clinical	O
,	O
laboratory	O
,	O
and	O
outcomes	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
compared	O
the	O
5	O
cases	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
with	O
20	O
cases	O
in	O
other	O
solid	O
organ	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
recipients	O
(	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
2	O
;	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
13	O
;	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
5	O
).	O

Our	O
study	O
supports	O
the	O
observation	O
that	O
adult	O
mice	B-SPEC
do	O
have	O
progressively	O
greater	O
immune	O
reactions	O
than	O
weanling	O
and	O
adolescent	O
ones	O
over	O
time	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Histopathological	O
analysis	O
of	O
adult	O
male	O
BALB	O
/	O
C	O
mice	B-SPEC
after	O
N	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
infection	B-DISO
showed	O
progressive	O
inflammatory	O
reactions	O
,	O
especially	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
a	O
moderately	O
(	O
approximately	O
13	O
%)	O
elevated	O
level	O
of	O
W	O
/	O
D	O
ratio	O
at	O
24	O
h	O
.	O
Although	O
adult	O
groups	O
underwent	O
a	O
progressive	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
accompanied	O
by	O
raised	O
levels	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
in	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
no	O
significant	O
changes	O
in	O
lung	B-PRGE
TNF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
level	O
were	O
reported	O
simultaneously	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
recently	O
discovered	O
viruses	O
on	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ARTI	O
)	O
is	O
still	O
unclear	O
.	O

Polyclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
of	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
obtained	O
,	O
and	O
Western	O
blotting	O
assay	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
X5	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
has	O
the	O
strong	O
property	O
of	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
,	O
myalgia	B-DISO
was	O
less	O
likely	O
with	O
HCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
than	O
with	O
LDI	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
27	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
limit	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
13	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
58	O
]).	O

There	O
are	O
no	O
treatment	O
guidelines	O
for	O
hip	O
necrosis	B-PROC
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
.	O

MRI	O
showed	O
a	O
trend	O
of	O
reduction	O
in	O
bone	B-DISO
marrow	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
lesion	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
stage	O
of	O
the	O
lesion	O
.	O

Cocktail	O
therapy	O
seems	O
promising	O
in	O
delaying	O
the	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
necrosis	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
At	O
the	O
4	O
-	O
year	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
significant	O
improvements	O
in	O
pain	O
score	O
and	O
Harris	O
hip	B-ANAT
score	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
all	O
cases	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sequence	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
S1	O
,	O
S2	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolates	O
from	O
Malaysia	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
underwent	O
surgical	O
debridement	O
with	O
stabilization	O
of	O
the	O
anterior	O
column	B-ANAT
from	O
T6	O
-	O
T9	O
using	O
an	O
expandable	O
titanium	B-CHED
cage	O
,	O
autologous	O
bone	O
graft	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
an	O
anterolateral	O
locking	O
plate	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
recovered	O
well	O
under	O
adjunctive	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

She	O
presented	O
again	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
6	O
months	O
later	O
,	O
secondary	O
to	O
a	O
repeat	O
fall	O
,	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
paraplegia	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
extremities	I-ANAT
and	O
radiographic	O
evidence	O
of	O
failure	O
of	O
fixation	O
of	O
the	O
anterior	O
T	O
-	O
spine	B-COMP
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
catastrophic	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
lethal	O
outcome	O
secondary	O
to	O
failure	O
of	O
anterior	O
column	B-ANAT
fixation	O
for	O
pyogenic	O
thoracic	B-DISO
spondylodiscitis	B-DISO
underlines	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
surgical	O
strategies	O
for	O
the	O
infected	O
spine	B-COMP
must	O
be	O
aimed	O
at	O
achieving	O
absolute	O
stability	O
by	O
a	O
360	O
degrees	O
fusion	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
evaluated	O
survival	O
of	O
two	O
surrogate	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mental	B-DISO
Symptoms	I-DISO
in	O
Different	O
Health	O
Professionals	O
During	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
Attack	O
:	O
A	O
Follow	O
-	O
up	O
Study	O
.	O

Then	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
partial	I-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
PaO2	O
),	O
lung	B-ANAT
histology	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
)	O
production	O
and	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
synthases	O
(	O
NOS	B-PRGE
)	O
were	O
detected	O
at	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
or	O
4	O
h	O
after	O
LPS	B-DISO
injection	O
.	O

Dexamethasone	B-CHED
could	O
ameliorate	O
PaO2	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
evidently	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
paralleled	O
by	O
significant	O
decreases	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
NO	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
iNOS	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Interest	O
in	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	O
(	O
mAbs	O
)	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
has	O
surged	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
with	O
a	O
major	O
emphasis	O
on	O
human	B-SPEC
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Rats	B-SPEC
were	O
intravenously	O
injected	O
with	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
OA	O
)	O
to	O
induce	O
ALI	O
and	O
30	O
minutes	O
later	O
they	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
five	O
groups	O
:	O
model	O
(	O
injury	O
only	O
),	O
PPS	B-PRGE
aerosol	I-PRGE
(	O
PPS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
aer	B-COMP
),	O
saline	O
aerosol	O
(	O
saline	O
-	O
aer	B-COMP
),	O
PPS	B-DISO
instillation	O
(	O
PPS	B-DISO
-	O
inst	O
),	O
and	O
saline	O
instillation	O
(	O
Saline	O
-	O
Inst	O
).	O

Those	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
liver	B-ANAT
injury	O
after	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
may	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
spreading	O
of	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
to	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-PRGE
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
procedure	O
used	O
herein	O
could	O
simulate	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Roles	O
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Two	O
new	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
have	O
been	O
defined	O
.	O

These	O
have	O
important	O
implications	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
providing	O
opportunities	O
for	O
developing	O
vaccines	O
and	O
antivirals	B-CHED
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
4	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Direct	O
hemoperfusion	O
with	O
polymyxin	O
B	O
-	O
immobilized	O
fibers	O
(	O
PMX	O
-	O
DHP	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
widely	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
treatment	O
modality	O
for	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
suggested	O
that	O
early	O
introduction	O
of	O
PMX	O
-	O
DHP	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
may	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
extensive	O
investigations	O
indicated	O
that	O
it	O
originated	O
from	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
source	O
(	O
probably	O
bats	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
was	O
recently	O
introduced	O
into	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
via	O
wildlife	O
animals	B-SPEC
from	O
wet	O
markets	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
experienced	O
positive	O
selection	O
only	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
patients	O
,	O
whereas	O
assembly	O
proteins	B-CHED
experienced	O
positive	O
selection	O
mainly	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
and	O
late	O
phases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
pseudotyped	O
with	O
the	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
.	O

Higher	O
infectivity	O
values	O
were	O
obtained	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
than	O
with	O
the	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
truncation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
tail	I-ANAT
resulted	O
in	O
increased	O
infectivity	O
.	O

Spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
trauma	O
was	O
suspected	O
and	O
high	O
doses	O
of	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
were	O
administered	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Suppression	B-PROC
of	O
host	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
by	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
of	O
group	O
2	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
host	B-COMP
mRNA	B-PROC
degradation	I-PROC
and	O
translational	B-PROC
suppression	B-DISO
activities	O
of	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
Rm1	B-PRGE
nsp1	I-PRGE
were	O
similar	O
and	O
stronger	O
than	O
the	O
activities	O
of	O
the	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
of	O
133	O
and	O
HKU9	O
-	O
1	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
our	O
studies	O
suggested	O
a	O
conserved	O
function	O
among	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
bat	B-ENZY
CoVs	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Wide	O
variation	O
between	O
hospitals	O
in	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
critical	O
care	O
lead	O
to	O
many	O
potentially	O
avoidable	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

Within	O
hours	O
of	O
initiation	O
increase	O
,	O
ICP	B-DISO
improved	O
and	O
normalized	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
most	O
part	O
,	O
the	O
major	O
plagues	B-DISO
of	O
antiquity	O
remain	O
historical	O
footnotes	O
,	O
yet	O
,	O
despite	O
many	O
advances	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
clear	O
evidence	O
that	O
major	O
pandemic	O
illness	O
is	O
always	O
just	O
one	O
outbreak	O
away	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
HIV	B-DISO
pandemic	O
,	O
the	O
smaller	O
epidemic	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
Legionnaire	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
hantavirus	B-DISO
pulmonary	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
among	O
many	O
others	O
,	O
points	O
out	O
the	O
potential	O
risk	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
preplanning	O
and	O
preparedness	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
child	O
with	O
benign	O
acute	O
childhood	O
myositis	B-DISO
after	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
URI	B-PRGE
symptoms	I-PRGE
that	O
precede	O
BACM	O
are	O
consistent	O
with	O
an	O
uncomplicated	O
viral	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
and	O
include	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
malaise	B-DISO
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
,	O
headache	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
rhinitis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
abscesses	I-DISO
:	O
review	O
of	O
60	O
cases	O
.	O

One	O
case	O
with	O
transitional	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
carcinoma	I-DISO
of	I-DISO
the	I-DISO
urinary	B-ANAT
bladder	I-ANAT
developed	O
acute	O
episode	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Chronic	O
hypercalcemia	B-DISO
results	O
in	O
severe	O
metastatic	B-DISO
calcification	I-DISO
.	O

An	O
increase	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
calcium	B-CHED
above	O
5	O
mM	O
is	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
developing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
ALI	O
.	O

Our	O
recent	O
experiment	O
in	O
conscious	O
rats	B-SPEC
and	O
isolated	O
rat	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
lungs	B-ANAT
supported	O
this	O
contention	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
current	O
infectious	B-DISO
risks	O
of	O
transfusions	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Transmission	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
from	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
is	O
rare	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
M	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
an	O
essential	O
component	O
of	O
virion	B-COMP
and	O
plays	O
pivotal	O
roles	O
in	O
virion	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
,	O
budding	B-PATH
and	O
maturation	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
modeled	O
a	O
generic	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
pathogen	O
apparently	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
close	O
interpersonal	O
contact	O
,	O
but	O
about	O
which	O
little	O
else	O
is	O
known	O
.	O

We	O
derived	O
an	O
expression	B-PROC
for	O
Re	O
,	O
the	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
,	O
took	O
its	O
partial	O
derivatives	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
control	O
parameters	O
,	O
and	O
encoded	O
these	O
analytical	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
user	O
-	O
friendly	O
Mathematica	O
notebook	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
].	O

Today	O
,	O
the	O
multidisciplinary	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
includes	O
haemodynamic	O
,	O
respiratory	O
,	O
endocrine	B-CHED
,	O
immune	O
,	O
and	O
coagulation	B-PROC
aspects	O
besides	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

AAV1	O
-	O
hrGFP	O
infusions	O
resulted	O
in	O
approximately	O
550	O
,	O
700	O
,	O
and	O
73	O
mm	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
coverage	O
after	O
infusion	O
into	O
corona	B-ANAT
radiata	I-ANAT
,	O
striatum	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
basal	B-ANAT
forebrain	I-ANAT
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
virological	O
and	O
immunological	O
outcome	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
in	O
susceptible	O
and	O
resistant	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
expressing	O
human	B-SPEC
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nidoviruses	O
(	O
arteriviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
and	O
roniviruses	O
)	O
are	O
a	O
phylogenetically	O
compact	O
but	O
diverse	O
group	O
of	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
includes	O
important	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
.	O

NendoU	O
activity	O
was	O
previously	O
verified	O
in	O
vitro	O
for	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp15	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
for	O
any	O
of	O
its	O
distantly	O
related	O
orthologs	O
from	O
other	O
nidovirus	B-SPEC
lineages	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
nsp11	O
.	O

The	O
newly	O
developed	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
/	O
HRM	O
curve	O
analysis	O
model	O
could	O
detect	O
and	O
rapidly	O
identify	O
novel	O
and	O
vaccine	O
-	O
related	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
as	O
confirmed	O
by	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
3	B-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
UTR	I-PRGE
nucleotide	I-PRGE
sequences	I-PRGE
.	O

Some	O
investigators	O
have	O
suggested	O
early	O
and	O
aggressive	B-DISO
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
trauma	O
-	O
induced	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
by	O
transfusion	O
of	O
fresh	B-ANAT
-	O
frozen	O
plasma	B-ANAT
(	O
FFP	O
)	O
and	O
packed	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PRBC	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
ratio	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
8ab	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
group	O
-	O
specific	O
accessory	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
is	O
lost	B-CHED
when	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
transmitted	B-DISO
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
due	O
to	O
a	O
29	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
ORF8ab	O
region	O
.	O

When	O
ectopically	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
,	O
8ab	O
induced	O
the	O
proteolysis	B-PROC
of	O
ATF6	B-PRGE
and	O
the	O
translocation	B-DISO
of	O
its	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
DNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
-	O
activation	O
domains	O
from	O
the	O
ER	O
to	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
construct	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
plasmid	O
of	O
S2	B-PRGE
extracellular	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
(	O
S2ED	O
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Cov	O
)	O
spike	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
enhanced	B-PRGE
green	I-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
EGFP	O
)	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
prokaryotic	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

When	O
incubated	O
with	O
Hela	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
purified	O
protein	B-CHED
could	O
not	O
internalize	O
through	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lemierre	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
primary	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
young	O
healthy	O
person	O
who	O
subsequently	O
develops	O
septic	B-DISO
thrombophlebitis	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
internal	B-ANAT
jugular	I-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
and	O
metastatic	O
abscesses	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pandemic	O
threats	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
new	O
emergency	B-DISO
public	O
health	O
legislation	O
in	O
Canada	O
.	O

Intermediate	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Various	O
pre	O
-	O
and	O
postnatal	O
factors	O
,	O
-	O
such	O
as	O
exposure	O
to	O
chorioamnionitis	B-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
fluid	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
asphyxia	B-DISO
-	O
can	O
induce	O
an	O
injurious	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
which	O
may	O
subsequently	O
affect	O
surfactant	B-CHED
function	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
stability	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
main	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
can	O
form	O
a	O
3D	O
domain	O
-	O
swapped	O
dimer	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
protease	O
(	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
))	O
plays	O
an	O
essential	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
extensive	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
viral	O
polyproteins	O
(	O
pp1a	B-PRGE
and	O
pp1ab	O
),	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
target	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drug	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
and	O
hospitalizations	O
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
in	O
young	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Activation	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
via	O
sequential	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
cleavage	B-PROC
at	O
two	O
distinct	O
sites	O
.	O

In	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
proteolytically	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
at	O
the	O
S1	O
-	O
S2	O
boundary	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
that	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
requires	O
the	O
endosomal	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
cathepsin	I-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
;	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
could	O
be	O
strongly	O
induced	O
by	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
treatment	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
how	O
cleavage	B-PROC
might	O
activate	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
these	O
data	O
suggest	O
a	O
novel	O
priming	O
mechanism	O
for	O
a	O
viral	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
a	O
critical	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
cleavage	B-PROC
event	O
on	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
at	O
position	O
797	O
(	O
S2	O
'),	O
acting	O
in	O
concert	O
with	O
the	O
S1	O
-	O
S2	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
to	O
mediate	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
infectivity	O
.	O

Similar	O
to	O
other	O
N	O
-	O
glycosylated	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
occurred	O
co	O
-	O
translationally	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
microsomes	B-ANAT
.	O

11	O
-	O
33	O
and	O
37	O
-	O
59	O
)	O
are	O
predicted	O
to	O
be	O
alpha	O
-	O
helices	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
penetrate	O
into	O
membranes	B-ANAT
by	O
themselves	O
.	O

The	O
other	O
Argentinean	O
isolates	O
formed	O
three	O
separate	O
clusters	B-CHED
(	O
A	O
,	O
B	O
and	O
C	O
),	O
distant	O
from	O
the	O
vaccine	O
serotypes	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
correlation	O
between	O
the	O
generated	O
clusters	O
and	O
a	O
geographic	O
pattern	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
host	O
cell	B-COMP
attachment	I-COMP
and	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
and	O
host	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
.	O

Both	O
S	O
and	O
the	O
RBD	O
are	O
highly	O
immunogenic	O
and	O
both	O
have	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
elicit	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clinical	O
use	O
of	O
bone	O
marrow	O
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
BMMSCs	O
)	O
holds	O
great	O
promise	O
for	O
regenerative	O
medicine	B-CHED
in	O
intractable	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
clinical	O
applicability	O
of	O
BMMSC	O
transplantation	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
whether	O
engraftment	B-PROC
of	O
minimally	O
cultured	O
BMMSCs	O
ameliorates	O
progressive	O
fibrotic	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

2	O
-	O
h	O
adherent	O
BMMSCs	O
were	O
smaller	O
,	O
less	O
granular	O
,	O
possessed	B-DISO
higher	O
proliferative	B-DISO
capacity	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
several	O
stem	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
markers	O
and	O
chemokine	O
receptors	O
than	O
9	O
-	O
day	O
cultured	O
BMMSCs	O
,	O
but	O
lower	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
procollagen	I-PRGE
,	O
alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
smooth	I-PRGE
muscle	I-PRGE
actin	I-PRGE
,	O
tumour	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
and	O
oncogenic	B-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
c	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Myc	I-PRGE
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
they	O
may	O
be	O
advantageous	O
for	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
therapy	O
compared	O
with	O
9	O
-	O
day	O
cultured	O
BMMSCs	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
the	O
damage	O
was	O
correlated	O
with	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
in	O
different	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
endocrine	B-CHED
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
glucose	B-DISO
intolerance	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
pattern	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
different	O
human	B-SPEC
organs	B-ANAT
was	O
also	O
studied	O
.	O

The	O
analysis	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
markers	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
CD4	B-PRGE
-	O
CD8	B-PRGE
-	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
a	O
completely	O
new	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
subset	I-ANAT
.	O

It	O
was	O
previously	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
patients	O
with	O
activated	O
PMNs	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
have	O
PMNs	O
in	O
the	O
peripheral	O
circulation	B-PROC
with	O
a	O
reduced	O
active	O
FcgammaRII	O
up	O
-	O
regulating	O
capacity	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
decreasing	O
responsiveness	O
of	O
active	O
FcgammaRII	O
on	O
PMNs	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
developed	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
decreasing	O
responsiveness	O
of	O
active	O
FcgammaRII	O
on	O
PMNs	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
developed	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
),	O
but	O
not	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
23	I-FUNC
,	O
deficiency	O
ameliorates	O
viral	B-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
without	O
affecting	O
viral	O
control	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
does	O
not	O
contribute	O
to	O
antiviral	B-CHED
function	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
but	O
enhances	O
morbidity	O
associated	O
with	O
viral	B-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
by	O
increasing	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
to	O
protective	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ethyl	O
pyruvate	B-CHED
(	O
EtP	B-CHED
)	O
may	O
prolong	O
survival	O
and	O
ameliorate	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
models	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
by	O
modulation	O
of	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
studied	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
EtP	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
reactions	O
in	O
and	O
between	O
human	B-SPEC
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
(	O
A549	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Likewise	O
,	O
treatment	O
with	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
10	O
mM	O
EtP	B-CHED
(	O
but	O
not	O
NaP	B-PROC
)	O
reduced	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
VCAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
fashion	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Japan	O
based	O
on	O
analysis	O
of	O
s2	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
miliary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	I-DISO
presenting	O
with	O
acute	O
resiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	B-DISO
].	O

PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
improved	O
but	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
findings	O
showed	O
no	O
improvement	O
and	O
a	O
blood	B-ANAT
test	O
revealed	O
pancytopenia	B-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
diagnosed	O
miliary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	I-DISO
and	O
transferred	O
the	O
patient	O
to	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
hospital	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
in	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
incidence	O
of	O
intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	B-ANAT
hypertension	I-DISO
(	O
IAH	B-FUNC
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
SAP	O
)	O
is	O
approximately	O
60	O
-	O
80	O
%.	O

It	O
is	O
usually	O
an	O
early	O
phenomenon	O
,	O
partly	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
process	O
,	O
causing	O
retroperitoneal	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
fluid	O
collections	O
,	O
ascites	O
,	O
and	O
ileus	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
partly	O
iatrogenic	O
,	O
resulting	O
from	O
aggressive	B-DISO
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
.	O

IAH	B-FUNC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
impaired	B-DISO
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
especially	O
of	O
the	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
,	O
respiratory	O
,	O
and	O
renal	B-ANAT
systems	O
.	O

It	O
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
with	O
full	O
-	O
thickness	O
laparostomy	O
(	O
midline	B-COMP
or	O
transverse	O
subcostal	B-ANAT
)	O
or	O
through	O
a	O
subcutaneous	O
linea	B-ANAT
alba	I-ANAT
fasciotomy	O
.	O

In	O
three	O
trials	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
was	O
compared	O
in	O
groups	O
receiving	O
comparable	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
.	O

Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
TLR	O
-	O
3	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
integral	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
'	O
s	O
innate	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
and	O
serves	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
for	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
triggering	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
to	O
combat	B-CHED
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Increase	O
in	O
the	O
concentrations	O
of	O
adhesion	B-DISO
molecules	O
preceded	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltration	I-DISO
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
symptoms	O
,	O
which	O
provoked	O
endothelial	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
and	O
determined	O
the	O
capillary	B-ANAT
surface	O
permeability	O
for	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

At	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
concentrations	O
>	O
650	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
AP	O
patients	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
develop	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
(	O
sensitivity	O
58	O
%,	O
specificity	O
100	O
%,	O
LR	O
-	O
positive	O
>	O
58	O
)	O
which	O
allows	O
us	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
screening	O
test	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
a	O
30	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
(	O
nt	O
)	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
replication	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
VI	O
(	O
SLVI	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
mapped	O
at	O
nt	O
101	O
to	O
130	O
within	O
a	O
288	O
-	O
nt	O
5	O
'-	O
terminal	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
738	O
-	O
nt	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
cistron	O
in	O
a	O
BCoV	O
defective	O
interfering	O
(	O
DI	O
)	O
RNA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Several	O
instances	O
of	O
emerging	O
diseases	O
in	O
humans	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
spillover	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
endemic	O
to	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
either	O
directly	O
or	O
through	O
other	O
animal	B-SPEC
intermediaries	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
screened	O
bat	O
tissues	B-ANAT
by	O
PCR	O
using	O
primers	O
designed	O
to	O
amplify	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
from	O
members	O
of	O
certain	O
families	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggest	O
an	O
intrinsic	O
mechanism	O
operated	O
by	O
free	O
CEACAM1	O
for	O
surveillance	O
of	O
pathogens	O
and	O
maintenance	O
of	O
homeostasis	O
in	O
the	O
intestine	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Critical	O
Care	O
Air	B-CHED
Transport	B-PROC
Teams	O
(	O
CCATTs	O
)	O
are	O
an	O
integral	O
component	O
of	O
modern	O
casualty	O
care	O
,	O
allowing	O
early	O
transport	B-PROC
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
and	O
injured	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
United	O
States	O
TRANSCOM	O
Regulation	B-PROC
and	O
Command	O
/	O
Control	O
Evacuation	O
System	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
Army	O
Institute	O
of	O
Surgical	O
Research	O
Joint	B-ANAT
Theater	O
Trauma	O
Registry	O
databases	O
were	O
reviewed	O
for	O
all	O
critical	O
patients	O
transported	O
out	O
of	O
theater	O
between	O
November	O
2005	O
and	O
March	O
2007	O
.	O

ALRT	O
missions	O
comprised	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
critical	O
patient	O
movements	B-PROC
out	O
of	O
the	O
combat	B-CHED
theater	O
and	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
ventilator	O
transports	O
.	O

No	O
significant	O
correlation	O
was	O
found	O
between	O
complexity	O
of	O
5	O
'-	O
UTR	O
and	O
the	O
sequence	O
context	O
of	O
AUG	O
codon	O
with	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
translation	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
sgRNAs	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
results	O
will	O
be	O
helpful	O
for	O
further	O
studies	O
to	O
reveal	O
the	O
biological	O
functions	O
and	O
translation	B-PROC
regulatory	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
sgRNAs	O
in	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
life	O
cycle	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
proven	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
healthy	O
adults	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
probable	O
that	O
both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
induce	O
comparable	O
symptoms	O
in	O
adults	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
their	O
mode	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
differs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
multiplex	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assay	O
(	O
MultiCode	O
-	O
PLx	O
Respiratory	O
Virus	O
Panel	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
hematologic	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
.	O

Sensitive	O
molecular	O
assays	O
have	O
increased	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
expanded	O
the	O
panel	O
of	O
detectable	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Thiopurine	B-CHED
analogue	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
papain	B-ENZY
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
deubiquitinating	O
and	O
deISGylating	O
enzyme	O
.	O

6MP	O
and	O
6TG	O
have	O
long	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
cancer	B-DISO
chemotherapy	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	O
lymphoblastic	B-ANAT
or	O
myeloblastic	B-DISO
leukaemia	I-DISO
.	O

So	O
far	O
,	O
several	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
DUBs	O
have	O
been	O
solved	O
.	O

Since	O
plant	B-SPEC
transformation	B-DISO
and	O
regeneration	B-PROC
of	O
stable	O
transformants	O
require	O
considerable	O
time	O
,	O
we	O
initially	O
used	O
a	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
GFP	O
)	O
to	O
tag	B-DISO
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
transient	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
surface	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
were	O
used	O
as	O
model	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
random	O
dissection	O
approach	O
described	O
here	O
should	O
be	O
applicable	O
to	O
other	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
for	O
isolating	O
soluble	O
viral	O
surface	O
protein	B-CHED
fragments	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
provide	O
alternatives	O
to	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
proteins	O
(	O
subunits	O
)	O
or	O
linear	O
short	O
peptides	B-CHED
in	O
search	O
for	O
antigen	B-CHED
or	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
evades	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
at	O
multiple	O
levels	O
.	O

M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
potently	O
antagonizes	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
stimulated	O
response	O
element	O
-	O
dependent	O
transcription	B-PROC
by	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
,	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
,	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
,	O
TBK1	B-FUNC
,	O
IKKepsilon	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
signaling	B-PROC
adaptor	O
(	O
VISA	B-DISO
)	O
but	O
has	O
no	O
influence	O
on	O
the	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
activity	O
of	O
this	O
element	O
when	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
or	O
IRF7	B-PRGE
is	O
overexpressed	O
.	O

M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
physically	O
associates	O
with	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
,	O
TBK1	B-FUNC
,	O
IKKepsilon	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
TRAF3	B-PRGE
and	O
likely	O
sequesters	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
in	O
membrane	O
-	O
associated	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
compartments	B-ANAT
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
despite	O
control	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
of	O
persistently	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
maintained	O
high	O
PD	O
-	O
1	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

Proper	O
anaesthetic	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
mediastinal	B-ANAT
mass	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
begins	O
with	O
an	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
preoperative	O
status	O
,	O
directed	O
foremost	O
at	O
establishing	O
the	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
tumour	B-DISO
and	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
radiological	O
findings	O
,	O
discerning	O
whether	O
any	O
vital	O
mediastinal	B-ANAT
structures	O
are	O
affected	O
.	O

A	O
GBL	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
cat	B-SPEC
with	O
neurological	O
manifestations	O
of	O
systemic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
From	O
lab	O
to	O
bedside	O
:	O
emerging	O
clinical	O
applications	O
of	O
thymosin	B-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	O

Talpha	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
is	O
approved	O
in	O
over	O
35	O
countries	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
and	O
C	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
an	O
immune	O
stimulant	O
and	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
outcome	O
suggests	O
that	O
drotrecogin	O
alfa	O
(	O
activated	O
)	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
therapy	O
for	O
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
who	O
develop	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
or	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
potentially	O
lethal	O
opportunistic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
nine	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
public	O
-	O
health	O
importance	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
436	O
articles	O
with	O
statements	O
of	O
incubation	O
period	O
and	O
38	O
with	O
data	O
for	O
pooled	O
analysis	O
.	O

Further	O
analysis	O
shows	O
that	O
sufficient	O
incorporation	O
of	O
9b	O
protein	B-CHED
into	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
is	O
dependent	O
upon	O
the	O
co	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
E	O
and	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
not	O
upon	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
either	O
S	O
or	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Our	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
9b	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
another	O
virion	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
accessory	O
protein	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fatal	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
after	O
rituximab	O
administration	O
.	O

We	O
previously	O
showed	O
that	O
caspase	B-PRGE
pathways	B-PROC
are	O
involved	O
in	O
3a	O
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

It	O
was	O
previously	O
reported	O
that	O
3a	O
possesses	B-DISO
potassium	B-CHED
ion	I-CHED
channel	O
activity	O
.	O

Surfactant	B-CHED
inactivation	B-DISO
--	O
and	O
dysfunction	O
--	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
hallmark	O
in	O
newborns	O
with	O
meconium	B-DISO
aspiration	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MAS	B-COMP
),	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
disorders	O
affecting	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

This	O
study	O
describes	O
a	O
novel	O
role	O
for	O
MAVS	B-PRGE
in	O
controlling	O
viral	O
infections	O
through	O
the	O
induction	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
apoptosis	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
identifies	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
which	O
inhibit	O
this	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Tag	B-PRGE
single	I-PRGE
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphisms	B-PROC
(	O
tagSNPs	O
)	O
were	O
chosen	O
using	O
pairwise	O
tagging	O
algorithms	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
do	O
not	O
suggest	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
MASP2	B-PRGE
polymorphisms	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
susceptibility	I-PRGE
in	O
northern	O
and	O
southern	O
China	O
.	O

In	O
those	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
from	O
baseline	O
in	O
the	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
PaO2	O
)	O
to	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
FiO2	O
)	O
ratio	O
at	O
24	O
hours	O
in	O
the	O
CVVH	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
16	O
,	O
174	O
+/-	O

The	O
application	O
of	O
CVVH	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
burns	O
and	O
AKI	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
and	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
historical	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
which	O
largely	O
did	O
not	O
receive	O
any	O
form	O
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Towards	O
construction	O
of	O
viral	O
vectors	O
based	O
on	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
gene	O
delivery	O
and	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

By	O
using	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
cloning	O
system	O
developed	O
recently	O
for	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
the	O
enhanced	B-PRGE
green	I-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
EGFP	O
)	O
gene	O
,	O
the	O
firefly	B-PRGE
luciferase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
several	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
viral	O
genes	O
(	O
eIF3f	B-PRGE
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
ORF6	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
Dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
1	I-PRGE
core	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
gene	I-PRGE
)	O
were	O
inserted	O
into	O
various	O
positions	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
effects	O
on	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
recovery	O
,	O
and	O
stability	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

Loss	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
function	O
is	O
implicated	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
biogenesis	B-PROC
and	O
activity	O
in	O
the	O
airways	O
.	O

Phorbol	B-CHED
ester	I-CHED
,	O
ionomycin	B-CHED
,	O
endotoxin	O
,	O
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
and	O
TNFalpha	B-PRGE
acutely	O
induced	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
release	B-PATH
,	O
further	O
supporting	O
that	O
ADAM17	B-PRGE
and	O
ADAM10	B-PRGE
regulate	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
S2	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	O
protein	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
a	O
highly	O
hydrophobic	O
and	O
interfacial	O
domain	O
flanked	O
by	O
the	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
regions	O
;	O
significantly	O
,	O
different	O
peptides	B-CHED
pertaining	O
to	O
this	O
domain	O
have	O
shown	O
a	O
significant	O
leakage	B-DISO
effect	O
and	O
an	O
important	O
plaque	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
,	O
similarly	O
to	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
gp41	O
,	O
support	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
this	O
region	O
in	O
the	O
fusion	O
process	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
molecular	O
epidemiological	O
investigation	O
on	O
enterotoxigenic	O
Escherichia	O
coli	O
(	O
ETEC	O
)	O
K99	O
and	O
Salmonella	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
indicate	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
PCR	O
as	O
rapid	O
,	O
effective	O
and	O
reliable	O
tool	O
for	O
screening	O
of	O
ETEC	O
and	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
induced	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
,	O
cytokine	O
,	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
wound	O
-	O
healing	B-PROC
genes	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
several	O
genes	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Common	O
causes	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
trauma	O
,	O
aspiration	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
HEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
by	O
specific	O
MAb	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Eleven	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
MAbs	O
)	O
that	O
were	O
reactive	O
against	O
the	O
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
HEV	B-SPEC
),	O
as	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
,	O
were	O
obtained	O
.	O

They	O
also	O
showed	O
hemagglutination	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
activity	O
(	O
1	O
:	O
400	O
to	O
1	O
:	O
409	O
,	O
600	O
).	O

The	O
synthetic	O
ribozyme	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
the	O
synthetic	O
target	O
MHV	B-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
into	O
fragments	O
of	O
predicted	O
length	O
.	O

Effects	O
of	O
the	O
chimeric	O
ribozyme	O
on	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
evaluated	O
in	O
cultured	O
3T3	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
constant	O
of	O
the	O
AMP	O
to	O
Fn	O
was	O
determined	O
from	O
the	O
concentration	O
dependence	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
response	O
of	O
our	O
biosensors	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
recombinant	O
RBD	O
produced	O
in	O
an	O
established	O
stable	O
cell	O
line	O
maintains	O
strong	O
immunogenicity	O
with	O
high	O
potential	O
for	O
use	O
as	O
an	O
effective	O
and	O
economic	O
subunit	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
.	O

N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
thought	O
to	O
dysregulate	O
cell	B-COMP
signalling	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
genes	O
,	O
including	O
FGL2	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
encodes	O
a	O
prothrombinase	B-PRGE
implicated	O
in	O
vascular	B-ANAT
thrombosis	B-DISO
,	O
fibrin	B-DISO
deposition	I-DISO
and	O
pneumocyte	B-ANAT
necrosis	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
did	O
not	O
influence	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
FGL2	B-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Permeability	O
edema	O
is	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
complication	B-DISO
accompanying	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
),	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
reduced	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
liquid	O
clearance	O
(	O
ALC	O
)	O
capacity	O
,	O
a	O
disruption	O
of	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
barrier	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
increased	O
capillary	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
permeability	O
.	O

Apart	O
from	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
,	O
no	O
standard	O
treatment	O
exists	O
for	O
permeability	O
edema	B-DISO
,	O
making	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
novel	O
regulators	O
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
and	O
epithelial	O
hyperpermeability	O
and	O
dysfunction	O
important	O
.	O

CC	O
/	O
Fr	O
.	O
2	O
inhibited	O
the	O
internalization	O
of	O
TfR	B-PRGE
but	O
the	O
procyanidins	O
did	O
not	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
pAPN	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
protein	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
mortality	O
which	O
is	O
up	O
to	O
100	O
%	O
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
,	O
PED	B-PRGE
is	O
an	O
important	O
porcine	B-SPEC
disease	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

After	O
the	O
confirmation	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
activity	O
of	O
purified	O
recombinant	O
scFvs	O
by	O
VN	O
test	O
,	O
scFvs	O
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Isatis	B-SPEC
indigotica	I-SPEC
(	O
I	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
indigotica	I-SPEC
),	O
Cruciferae	B-SPEC
,	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
for	O
anti	O
-	O
leukemia	B-DISO
and	O
anti	O
-	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
cytotoxic	O
effect	O
of	O
extracts	O
on	O
swine	B-SPEC
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PBMCs	O
)	O
and	O
HL	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
60	I-ANAT
was	O
assessed	O
by	O
MTT	B-CHED
method	O
.	O

It	O
also	O
highlights	O
the	O
recent	O
identification	O
of	O
numerous	O
novel	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
the	O
propensity	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
to	O
cross	O
species	B-SPEC
barriers	O
.	O

The	O
aims	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
to	O
validate	O
a	O
colorimetric	O
method	O
to	O
measure	O
total	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
TSA	B-FUNC
)	O
in	O
feline	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
and	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
concentration	O
of	O
TSA	B-FUNC
in	O
clinically	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
seronegative	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
)	O
and	O
seropositive	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
48	O
)	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
),	O
and	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
affected	O
by	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
n	O
=	O
28	O
),	O
tumors	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
20	O
),	O
or	O
inflammation	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
16	O
).	O

Compared	O
with	O
seropositive	O
controls	O
,	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
TSA	B-FUNC
was	O
higher	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
(	O
556	O
.	O
7	O
+/-	O

Consequently	O
,	O
TSA	B-FUNC
could	O
support	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
only	O
at	O
extremely	O
high	O
serum	B-COMP
concentration	O
(>	O
800	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
)	O
or	O
when	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
test	O
probability	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
is	O
high	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
unique	O
domain	O
(	O
SUD	O
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
contains	O
two	O
macrodomains	O
that	O
bind	B-FUNC
G	O
-	O
quadruplexes	O
.	O

SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
is	O
recognized	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
enhance	O
phagocytosis	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
possible	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
of	O
SARS	O
or	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
infections	B-DISO
suggests	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
minimal	O
traumatic	O
techniques	O
for	O
following	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
compartment	B-ANAT
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
during	O
testing	O
of	O
antivirals	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
resulting	O
recombinant	O
MHV	B-SPEC
was	O
viable	O
and	O
had	O
indeed	O
acquired	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
infect	O
all	O
glioblastoma	B-DISO
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
tested	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
residues	O
immediately	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
SFIEDLLFNKVTLADAGF	O
are	O
very	O
highly	O
conserved	O
across	O
all	O
CoVs	O
.	O

Before	O
(	O
normal	O
condition	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
after	O
(	O
pseudo	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
condition	B-DISO
)	O
exercise	O
,	O
a	O
significant	O
linear	O
discriminant	O
function	O
(	O
p50	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
was	O
determined	O
to	O
distinguish	O
the	O
pseudo	O
-	O
infection	O
condition	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
normal	O
condition	B-DISO
(	O
Mahalanobis	O
D	O
-	O
square	O
1	O
/	O
4	O
20	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
classification	O
error	O
rate55	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Review	O
of	O
new	O
and	O
newly	O
discovered	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
continues	O
to	O
be	O
among	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
reasons	O
for	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
visits	O
and	O
hospitalization	O
of	O
children	O
,	O
particularly	O
infants	O
younger	O
than	O
1	O
year	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Throughout	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
clinicians	O
have	O
considered	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
followed	O
by	O
influenza	B-DISO
as	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
pathogens	O
responsible	O
.	O

This	O
includes	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
leads	O
to	O
similar	O
but	O
often	O
epidemiologically	O
more	O
severe	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
than	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

This	O
lead	O
to	O
an	O
improvement	O
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
reduction	O
in	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
and	O
gradual	O
disappearance	O
of	O
fetal	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
and	O
accumulated	O
data	O
on	O
HLA	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
Asian	O
populations	O
would	O
help	O
in	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
associations	O
with	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
help	O
prevent	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
as	O
long	O
as	O
necessary	O
with	O
little	O
risk	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
mutation	O
rendering	O
it	O
less	O
effective	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
viral	O
-	O
entry	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
have	O
demonstrated	O
efficacy	O
,	O
clinical	O
application	O
in	O
other	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
impact	O
a	O
future	O
epidemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	O
coronavirus	O
NL63	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
which	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
in	O
infants	O
and	O
young	O
children	O
hospitalised	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ARI	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
Cape	O
Town	O
,	O
South	O
Africa	O
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
had	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
or	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
infection	I-DISO
(	O
6	O
/	O
9	O
;	O
67	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Angiotensin	B-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
monocarboxylase	O
that	O
degrades	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
to	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
1	O
-	O
7	O
,	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
is	O
highly	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
heart	B-ANAT
.	O

Autopsy	O
heart	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
patients	O
who	O
succumbed	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
crisis	O
in	O
Toronto	O
(	O
Canada	O
)	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
on	O
myocardial	O
structure	O
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
indicator	O
of	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
a	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
unbiased	O
and	O
accurate	O
estimates	O
of	O
it	O
during	O
an	O
outbreak	O
are	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
epidemic	O
diseases	O
,	O
including	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
method	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
summary	O
SARS	B-DISO
data	O
obtained	O
from	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
and	O
Singapore	O
.	O

The	O
overview	O
discusses	O
whether	O
serially	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
propagated	O
PED	O
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
live	O
vaccines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surveillance	O
of	O
human	B-DISO
papilloma	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
cervical	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
in	O
kidney	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
recipients	O
:	O
preliminary	O
data	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
preliminary	O
findings	O
of	O
a	O
prospective	O
study	O
that	O
evaluated	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
HPV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
cervical	B-DISO
carcinoma	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
population	O
of	O
kidney	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

Failing	O
to	O
account	O
for	O
dynamic	O
molecular	O
evolution	B-PROC
can	O
affect	O
greatly	O
estimating	O
index	O
case	O
dates	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
an	O
overestimated	O
age	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
for	O
instance	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
with	O
equine	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H3N8	O
)	O
or	O
a	O
highly	O
related	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
greyhounds	O
and	O
other	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

Impairment	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
system	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

She	O
also	O
required	O
vigorous	O
inotropic	O
support	O
(	O
dopamine	B-CHED
+	O
noradrenaline	B-CHED
).	O

Aspergillus	B-SPEC
DNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
blood	B-COMP
serum	I-COMP
(	O
PCR	O
).	O

These	O
theoretical	O
results	O
should	O
be	O
kept	O
in	O
mind	O
when	O
analyzing	O
data	O
for	O
emerging	O
vector	O
-	O
borne	O
diseases	O
(	O
West	O
-	O
Nile	O
,	O
dengue	B-DISO
,	O
chikungunya	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
borne	O
diseases	O
(	O
SARS	O
,	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
);	O
all	O
these	O
diseases	O
being	O
influenced	O
by	O
seasonality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-ANAT
embryonic	I-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
-	O
derived	O
oligodendrocyte	B-ANAT
progenitors	O
(	O
OPCs	O
)	O
were	O
transplanted	B-ANAT
into	O
mice	B-SPEC
persistently	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
neurotropic	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
established	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
remyelination	B-PROC
was	O
initiated	O
by	O
the	O
local	O
response	O
to	O
xenograft	O
transplantation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
ubiquitous	O
in	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
is	O
particularly	O
common	O
where	O
conditions	O
are	O
crowded	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
picture	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
is	O
highly	O
variable	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
and	O
pyogranulomatous	O
lesions	O
.	O

At	O
present	O
,	O
only	O
one	O
(	O
intranasal	O
)	O
FIP	B-DISO
vaccine	O
is	O
available	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
considered	O
as	O
being	O
non	O
-	O
core	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
fatal	O
disease	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
23	O
emm	O
types	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
1	O
,	O
218	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pyogenes	I-SPEC
isolates	O
.	O

In	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
dramatic	O
drop	O
in	O
scarlet	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
cases	O
in	O
central	O
Taiwan	O
and	O
throughout	O
the	O
whole	O
country	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
a	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
that	O
occurred	O
between	O
late	O
-	O
February	O
and	O
mid	O
-	O
June	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

The	O
occurrences	O
of	O
scarlet	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
in	O
central	O
Taiwan	O
in	O
2000	O
-	O
2006	O
were	O
primarily	O
caused	O
by	O
five	O
emm	O
types	O
,	O
which	O
accounted	O
for	O
96	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
isolates	O
collected	O
.	O

Corticosteroid	B-CHED
was	O
administered	O
systemically	O
in	O
all	O
cases	O
except	O
one	O
case	O
of	O
TEN	O
which	O
developed	O
methicillin	B-CHED
resistant	O
staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
(	O
MRSA	B-DISO
)	O
pneumoniae	O
before	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
eruption	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Prenatal	O
influenza	O
exposure	O
increases	O
the	O
risk	O
for	O
schizophrenia	B-DISO
and	O
brings	O
to	O
question	O
how	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
neuropsychiatric	O
disease	O
etiopathology	O
.	O

Naphtol	O
-	O
AS	O
-	O
D	O
-	O
chloroacetate	O
esterase	O
staining	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
PMN	B-PROC
infiltration	B-DISO
.	O

3	O
.	O
68	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
decreased	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltration	I-DISO
of	O
PMNs	O
(	O
21	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O
5	O
.	O
1	O
vs	O
.	O
32	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O

Histological	O
evaluation	O
revealed	O
decreased	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
.	O
83	O
+/-	O
0	O
.	O
41	O
vs	O
.	O
2	O
.	O
33	O
+/-	O

Doxycycline	B-CHED
reduced	O
PMN	B-PROC
migration	B-PROC
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
and	O
therefore	O
might	O
represent	O
a	O
novel	O
strategy	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
secondary	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
in	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
S	B-COMP
-	I-COMP
layer	I-COMP
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
produced	O
in	O
a	O
500	O
-	O
l	O
fermentor	O
were	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
stable	O
in	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
pH	O
5	O
to	O
8	O
and	O
0	O
degree	O
to	O
40	O
degrees	O
.	O

(	O
III	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
)	O
2	O
.	O

(	O
III	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
)	O
6	O
.	O

Staff	O
caring	O
for	O
pregnant	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
should	O
be	O
actively	O
monitored	O
for	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
other	O
symptoms	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
health	O
care	O
personnel	O
,	O
trainees	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
staff	O
should	O
be	O
trained	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
management	O
and	O
containment	O
to	O
prevent	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pheochromocytoma	B-DISO
presenting	O
as	O
massive	O
hemoptysis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
the	O
S1	O
gene	O
of	O
JP	O
/	O
Wakayama	O
-	O
2	O
/	O
2004	O
revealed	O
high	O
sequence	O
similarity	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
and	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
vaccine	O
-	O
like	O
virus	B-SPEC
derived	O
from	O
a	O
vaccine	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
and	O
vaccine	O
-	O
like	O
isolate	O
(	O
JP	O
/	O
Wakayama	O
-	O
2	O
/	O
2004	O
)	O
could	O
be	O
differentiated	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
other	O
field	O
isolates	O
by	O
Bgl	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
digestion	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

A	O
double	O
antibody	B-COMP
sandwich	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
DAS	O
-	O
ELISA	O
)	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

The	O
DAS	O
-	O
ELISA	O
was	O
compared	O
with	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
in	O
the	O
examination	O
of	O
506	O
specimens	O
collected	O
during	O
2006	O
-	O
2007	O
from	O
pigs	B-SPEC
originating	O
from	O
different	O
farms	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
Po	O
valley	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
rapid	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
for	O
malaria	B-PATH
(	O
OptiMAL	O
test	O
,	O
Diamed	O
AG	O
,	O
Switzerland	O
)	O
were	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
smear	O
findings	O
in	O
the	O
patients	O
in	O
whom	O
it	O
was	O
requested	O
.	O

The	O
peak	O
incidence	O
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
was	O
seen	O
in	O
September	O
2005	O
and	O
August	O
2006	O
.	O

One	O
patient	O
went	O
into	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
following	O
quinine	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
showed	O
red	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
fragments	O
in	O
the	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
paper	O
is	O
presented	O
to	O
highlight	O
that	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
malaria	O
though	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
benign	O
entity	O
can	O
also	O
have	O
a	O
severe	O
and	O
complicated	O
course	O
which	O
is	O
usually	O
associated	O
with	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
malaria	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
virus	O
infections	B-DISO
are	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
trigger	O
of	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
in	O
childhood	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
prospective	O
birth	B-PROC
cohort	O
study	O
,	O
infants	O
were	O
followed	O
from	O
birth	B-PROC
through	O
the	O
first	O
year	O
of	O
life	O
with	O
daily	O
questionnaires	O
about	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

Infections	B-DISO
with	O
RSV	B-SPEC
were	O
associated	O
with	O
more	O
physician	O
visits	O
than	O
HRV	O
infections	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
).	O

There	O
was	O
also	O
strong	O
induction	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	O
related	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
-	O
inducing	O
ligand	B-PROC
(	O
TRAIL	O
),	O
but	O
not	O
Fas	B-PRGE
ligand	B-PROC
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
DCs	B-DISO
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
expressions	O
of	O
most	O
genes	O
studied	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
CB	O
DCs	O
than	O
adult	O
DCs	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
chemokines	O
and	O
CCRs	O
may	O
facilitate	O
DC	O
migration	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
site	I-DISO
to	O
the	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
TRAIL	B-PRGE
may	O
induce	O
lymphocyte	B-PROC
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

This	O
study	O
examines	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
shifting	O
childbirth	B-PROC
services	O
from	O
advanced	O
hospitals	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
medical	O
centers	O
and	O
regional	O
hospitals	O
)	O
to	O
local	O
community	O
hospitals	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
clinics	O
and	O
district	O
hospitals	O
).	O

The	O
highest	O
survival	O
rate	O
(	O
98	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
pups	O
was	O
found	O
when	O
mother	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
treated	O
daily	O
with	O
a	O
concentration	O
of	O
15	O
mg	O
of	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
per	O
kg	O
of	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mathematical	O
modelling	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
other	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
:	O
a	O
review	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
give	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
history	O
of	O
publications	O
on	O
mathematical	O
modelling	O
of	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
in	O
the	O
Chinese	O
literature	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
more	O
detailed	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
models	O
on	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Spatial	O
analyses	O
including	O
kernel	O
density	O
estimation	O
,	O
and	O
spatial	O
statistical	O
and	O
tracking	O
analyses	O
were	O
performed	O
to	O
characterise	O
the	O
spatiotemporal	O
distribution	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
based	O
on	O
onset	O
location	O
/	O
date	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
spanned	O
a	O
large	O
geographical	O
extent	O
but	O
clustered	O
in	O
two	O
areas	O
:	O
first	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
,	O
and	O
about	O
3	O
months	O
later	O
in	O
Beijing	O
with	O
its	O
surrounding	O
areas	O
in	O
Shanxi	O
Province	O
,	O
Inner	O
Mongolia	O
Autonomic	O
Region	O
,	O
Hebei	O
Province	O
and	O
Tianjin	O
.	O

This	O
knowledge	O
may	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
other	O
future	O
emerging	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmittable	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
spanned	O
a	O
large	O
geographical	O
extent	O
but	O
clustered	O
in	O
two	O
areas	O
:	O
first	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
,	O
and	O
about	O
3	O
months	O
later	O
in	O
Beijing	O
with	O
its	O
surrounding	O
areas	O
in	O
Shanxi	O
Province	O
,	O
Inner	O
Mongolia	O
Autonomic	B-ANAT
Region	O
,	O
Hebei	O
Province	O
and	O
Tianjin	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
and	O
analyse	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
disease	O
onset	O
to	O
hospital	O
admission	O
,	O
admission	O
to	O
discharge	O
and	O
admission	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
using	O
the	O
recently	O
developed	O
comprehensive	O
database	O
covering	O
all	O
regions	O
of	O
mainland	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
compare	O
the	O
results	O
within	O
and	O
outside	O
China	O
.	O

Linear	O
regression	O
(	O
uni	O
-	O
and	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
)	O
was	O
performed	O
for	O
all	O
three	O
durations	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
variables	O
:	O
sex	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
occupation	O
,	O
geographic	O
location	O
and	O
period	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
(	O
time	O
since	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
16	O
November	O
2002	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
average	O
duration	O
of	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
to	O
hospital	O
admission	O
was	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
days	O
,	O
of	O
admission	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
for	O
those	O
who	O
survived	O
was	O
29	O
.	O
7	O
days	O
,	O
while	O
admission	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
for	O
casualties	O
was	O
17	O
.	O
4	O
days	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
became	O
a	O
notifiable	O
disease	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
mid	O
-	O
April	O
2003	O
,	O
after	O
which	O
introduction	O
of	O
efficient	O
nationwide	O
control	O
measures	O
led	O
to	O
containment	O
within	O
2	O
months	O
.	O

To	O
optimise	O
future	O
data	O
collection	O
during	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
emerging	O
or	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
infectious	O
disease	O
,	O
China	O
must	O
further	O
improve	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
reporting	O
system	O
,	O
enhance	O
collaboration	O
between	O
all	O
levels	O
of	O
disease	O
control	O
,	O
health	O
departments	O
,	O
hospitals	O
and	O
institutes	O
nationally	O
and	O
globally	O
,	O
and	O
train	O
specialized	O
staff	O
working	O
at	O
county	O
centres	O
of	O
disease	O
control	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Construction	O
of	O
plasmids	O
expressing	O
Sars	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
encoding	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
their	O
effects	O
on	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
hfgl2	B-PRGE
prothrombinase	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
study	O
tests	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
concurrent	O
gastric	B-ANAT
aspiration	B-DISO
(	O
combined	O
acid	O
and	O
small	O
gastric	B-ANAT
particles	O
,	O
CASP	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
trauma	O
significantly	O
increases	O
permeability	O
injury	O
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
LC	O
alone	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
modifies	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
to	O
include	O
distinct	O
features	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
aspiration	B-DISO
component	O
of	O
injury	O
.	O

Rats	B-SPEC
with	O
LC	O
+	O
CASP	O
versus	O
LC	O
had	O
more	O
severe	O
inflammation	B-DISO
based	O
on	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
PMN	B-PROC
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
at	O
5	O
h	O
,	O
increased	O
whole	O
lung	B-ANAT
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
(	O
MPO	B-FUNC
)	O
activity	O
at	O
5	O
and	O
24	O
h	O
,	O
and	O
increased	O
levels	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
in	O
BAL	B-PRGE
(	O
TNFalpha	B-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
at	O
5	O
and	O
24	O
h	O
;	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
CINC	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
at	O
5	O
h	O
).	O

Rats	B-SPEC
with	O
LC	O
+	O
CASP	O
also	O
had	O
distinct	O
aspects	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
CASP	O
alone	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
significantly	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
(	O
5	O
and	O
24	O
h	O
),	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
(	O
24	O
h	O
),	O
CINC	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
(	O
24	O
h	O
),	O
and	O
MCP	B-FUNC
-	O
1	O
(	O
24	O
h	O
),	O
and	O
significantly	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
MPO	B-FUNC
(	O
5	O
h	O
),	O
MIP	B-DISO
-	O
2	O
(	O
5	O
h	O
),	O
and	O
CINC	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
(	O
5	O
h	O
).	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
detecting	O
the	O
current	O
swine	B-SPEC
flu	I-DISO
the	O
xTAG	O
RVP	O
test	O
detected	O
the	O
H5N1	B-DISO
A	O
/	O
Vietnam	O
/	O
1203	O
/	O
2004	O
high	O
pathogenicity	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
that	O
circulated	O
in	O
South	O
East	O
Asia	O
in	O
2003	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
17	O
out	O
of	O
17	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
representing	O
11	O
HA	O
subtypes	O
isolated	O
from	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
swine	B-SPEC
and	O
horses	B-SPEC
not	O
yet	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

The	O
injury	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
fall	O
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
airway	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
,	O
increased	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
transvascular	O
fluid	O
flux	O
and	O
loss	O
of	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vasoconstriction	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
changes	O
in	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
function	O
are	O
mediated	O
by	O
reactive	O
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
nitrogen	B-CHED
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Current	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
cytotoxins	O
and	O
activated	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
formed	O
in	O
the	O
airway	B-ANAT
and	O
carried	O
to	O
the	O
parenchyma	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Innovative	O
in	O
silico	O
approaches	O
to	O
address	O
avian	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
using	O
grid	O
technology	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transient	O
mutism	B-DISO
and	O
pathologic	O
laughter	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
cerebellitis	B-DISO
.	O

Cytometry	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
memory	B-PROC
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
produced	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
,	O
whereas	O
memory	B-PROC
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
produced	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
or	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
.	O

4	O
.	O
3	O
scores	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
);	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
shock	O
was	O
lesser	O
(	O
1	O
/	O
20	O
vs	O
7	O
/	O
19	O
);	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
insufficiency	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
hepatic	I-DISO
dysfunction	O
,	O
cerebropathy	O
and	O
enteroplegia	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
duration	O
in	O
hospital	O
and	O
the	O
requirement	O
of	O
operation	O
shifting	O
were	O
all	O
shorter	O
significantly	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
ET	O
group	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
LT	O
group	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
statistical	O
difference	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
was	O
shown	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
incidence	O
and	O
the	O
mortality	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
An	O
early	O
application	O
of	O
CQCQD	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SAP	B-PRGE
could	O
shorten	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
complications	O
and	O
the	O
couse	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
lower	O
the	O
requirement	O
of	O
operation	O
shifting	O
.	O

Prone	O
positioning	O
,	O
bronchodilators	O
,	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
,	O
tight	O
glucose	B-CHED
control	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
flow	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
(	O
HFNC	O
)	O
oxygen	B-CHED
are	O
therapies	O
that	O
require	O
further	O
study	O
before	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
recommended	O
for	O
children	O
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
the	O
lesion	O
volume	O
was	O
reduced	O
by	O
>	O
15	O
%	O
in	O
80	O
hips	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
only	O
four	O
hips	B-ANAT
with	O
relatively	O
larger	O
lesion	O
volumes	O
showed	O
no	O
apparent	O
reductions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Studies	O
on	O
membrane	B-COMP
topology	O
,	O
N	O
-	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
and	O
functionality	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
G	O
/	O
CTAAAAA	O
/	O
GT	O
sequence	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
recombination	B-PROC
site	O
may	O
represent	O
a	O
specific	O
recombination	B-PROC
signal	O
in	O
CCoVs	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
similarity	O
of	O
CCoVs	O
in	O
virulence	B-PROC
and	O
tropism	B-PROC
was	O
mostly	O
acquired	O
by	O
the	O
homologous	O
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
and	O
not	O
only	O
by	O
simple	O
mutation	O
and	O
selection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Effect	O
on	O
mRNA	B-CHED
and	O
secretion	B-PROC
levels	O
of	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
in	O
DC	O
infected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
N	O
gene	O
recombinant	O
adenovirus	O
].	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
dobutamine	B-CHED
decreases	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
stimulates	O
AFC	O
in	O
a	O
rat	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
indicates	O
that	O
dobutamine	B-CHED
may	O
enhance	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
fluid	O
reabsorption	O
by	O
increasing	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
aquaporin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
aquaporin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
patients	O
studied	O
were	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
Goa	O
Medical	O
College	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
based	O
on	O
a	O
serum	B-COMP
amylase	B-PRGE
of	O
greater	O
than	O
180	O
Somogyii	O
units	O
with	O
appropriate	O
clinical	O
and	O
radiographic	O
evidence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Proteolytic	B-PROC
activation	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
at	O
a	O
novel	O
RRRR	O
/	O
S	O
motif	O
is	O
implicated	O
in	O
furin	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
entry	O
,	O
syncytium	O
formation	O
,	O
and	O
infectivity	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
observe	O
that	O
the	O
S2	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Beaudette	O
strain	O
is	O
additionally	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
at	O
the	O
second	O
furin	B-PRGE
site	I-PRGE
(	O
RRRR	O
(	O
690	O
)/	O
S	O
)	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
S	O
constructs	O
and	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Site	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
directed	I-PROC
mutagenesis	I-PROC
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
S1	O
/	O
S2	O
cleavage	B-PROC
by	O
furin	B-PRGE
was	O
not	O
necessary	O
for	O
,	O
but	O
could	O
promote	O
,	O
syncytium	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
by	O
and	O
infectivity	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
distribution	O
did	O
not	O
correlate	O
with	O
the	O
relative	O
susceptibilities	O
of	O
A	O
/	O
J	O
,	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
,	O
C3H	O
/	O
HeJ	O
,	O
and	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	O
.	O

C3H	O
/	O
HeJ	O
mice	B-SPEC
harbor	O
a	O
natural	O
mutation	O
in	O
the	O
gene	O
that	O
encodes	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
)	O
that	O
disrupts	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
3	O
-	O
Chlorobenzofuran	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
carbaldehyde	B-CHED
was	O
condensed	B-PROC
with	O
substituted	O
acetophenone	B-CHED
by	O
using	O
the	O
Claisen	O
-	O
Schmidt	O
condensation	B-DISO
to	O
obtain	O
3	O
-(	O
3	O
-	O
chlorobenzofuran	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
yl	O
)-	O
1	O
-(	O
substituted	O
phenyl	B-CHED
)-	O
2	O
-	O
propen	O
-	O
1	O
-	O
one	O
(	O
2a	O
-	O
m	O
)	O
which	O
upon	O
further	O
treatment	O
with	O
hydrazine	B-CHED
hydrate	I-CHED
gave	O
2	O
-[	O
3	O
-(	O
substituted	O
phenyl	B-CHED
)-	O
4	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
dihydro	O
-	O
1H	O
-	O
5	O
-	O
pyrazolyl	O
)	O
benzofuran	B-CHED
-	O
3	O
-	O
yl	O
chloride	B-CHED
derivatives	O
(	O
3a	O
-	O
m	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Wheezing	B-DISO
children	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
[	O
chi	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)=	O
5	O
.	O
561	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
018	O
]	O
prevalence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
compared	O
with	O
stabilized	O
asthmatics	B-DISO
(	O
34	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
24	O
)	O
versus	O
(	O
vs	O
.)	O
17	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
14	O
)).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Emergent	O
wheezing	B-DISO
illnesses	O
during	O
childhood	O
can	O
be	O
linked	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Trinidad	O
'	O
s	O
tropical	O
environment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
test	O
of	O
syndromic	O
surveillance	O
using	O
a	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
model	O
.	O

Records	O
from	O
42	O
patients	O
(	O
95	O
%)	O
were	O
successfully	O
transmitted	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
NYC	O
-	O
DOHMH	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Long	O
-	O
term	O
psychiatric	O
morbidities	O
among	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Alcohol	B-DISO
withdrawal	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
AWS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
the	O
acute	O
care	O
setting	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
a	O
28	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
who	O
was	O
brought	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
-	O
onset	O
seizure	B-DISO
and	O
clinical	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
consistent	O
with	O
advanced	O
delirium	B-DISO
tremens	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
symptom	B-DISO
-	O
triggered	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
treatment	O
protocol	O
consisting	O
of	O
a	O
benzodiazepine	B-CHED
and	O
antiadrenergic	O
agents	O
was	O
started	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
metered	O
-	O
dose	O
inhaler	O
(	O
MDI	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
spacer	O
instead	O
of	O
nebulizer	O
may	O
be	O
important	O
during	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
an	O
airborne	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
paucity	O
of	O
data	O
on	O
patients	O
'	O
and	O
nurses	O
'	O
abilities	O
and	O
perspectives	O
on	O
MDI	B-DISO
with	O
spacer	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	O
airway	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
during	O
such	O
an	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Fifty	O
-	O
eight	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
thought	O
MDI	B-DISO
with	O
spacer	O
was	O
easier	O
to	O
use	O
than	O
nebulizer	O
,	O
and	O
34	O
%	O
thought	O
MDI	B-DISO
was	O
as	O
easy	O
to	O
use	O
as	O
nebulizer	O
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
two	O
nurses	O
(	O
84	O
%)	O
thought	O
that	O
nebulizer	O
was	O
more	O
effective	O
for	O
treating	O
acute	O
airflow	B-PROC
obstruction	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
surface	O
plasmon	O
resonance	O
(	O
SPR	O
)-	O
based	O
biosensor	O
was	O
developed	O
for	O
simple	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
using	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
created	O
by	O
genetically	O
fusing	O
gold	B-CHED
binding	B-FUNC
polypeptides	B-CHED
(	O
GBPs	O
)	O
to	O
a	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronaviral	I-PRGE
surface	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
(	O
SCVme	O
).	O

The	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
100	O
sera	B-COMP
collected	O
from	O
cats	B-SPEC
belonging	O
to	O
catteries	O
or	O
community	O
shelters	O
and	O
to	O
households	O
.	O

Gel	O
-	O
based	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
assays	O
were	O
4	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
positive	O
for	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
10	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
positive	O
for	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
from	O
swine	B-SPEC
-	O
origin	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
in	O
Mexico	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
From	O
March	O
24	O
through	O
April	O
24	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
18	O
cases	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
confirmed	O
S	O
-	O
OIV	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
identified	O
among	O
98	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
at	O
the	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
in	O
Mexico	O
City	O
.	O

Initial	O
recovery	O
was	O
observed	O
but	O
70	O
days	O
after	O
onset	O
the	O
child	O
suffered	B-DISO
severe	O
relapse	B-DISO
and	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
respiratory	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
.	O

Feces	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
available	O
for	O
44	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
one	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
geoffroyi	I-SPEC
,	O
eight	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pardalis	I-SPEC
,	O
14	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
wiedii	I-SPEC
,	O
20	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
tigrinus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
one	O
P	O
.	O
yagouaroundi	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
DNA	O
samples	O
were	O
evaluated	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FeLV	O
)	O
proviral	O
DNA	O
,	O
whereas	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
run	O
on	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
.	O

Results	O
showed	O
that	O
Penn	O
-	O
98	O
-	O
1	O
behaved	O
like	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
,	O
thus	O
establishing	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
viral	O
growth	B-PROC
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
genomic	O
RNAs	O
were	O
delivered	O
directly	O
into	O
the	O
cells	O
via	O
transfection	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
for	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
similar	O
.	O

Avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
been	O
adapted	O
to	O
embryonated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
,	O
primary	O
chicken	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
(	O
CK	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
monkey	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
Vero	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Attenuated	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
typhimurium	O
was	O
selected	O
as	O
a	O
transgenic	O
vehicle	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
live	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
vaccines	O
against	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
).	O

A	O
2	O
.	O
2kb	O
DNA	O
fragment	O
,	O
encoding	O
for	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
S	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
,	O
was	O
amplified	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
cloned	O
into	O
eukaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pVAX1	O
.	O

Cellular	B-COMP
and	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
assessed	O
by	O
indirect	O
ELISA	O
,	O
lymphocyte	B-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
assays	O
,	O
ELISPOT	O
and	O
FACS	O
.	O

This	O
process	O
requires	O
the	O
specific	O
recognition	O
of	O
RNA	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
signals	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
ends	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
.	O

Nine	O
of	O
them	O
,	O
including	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
heterogeneous	B-PRGE
ribonucleoprotein	I-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
of	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
hnRNPs	O
),	O
the	O
poly	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
PABP	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
p100	B-PRGE
transcriptional	B-PROC
co	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activator	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
two	O
aminoacyl	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
tRNA	I-CHED
synthetases	O
,	O
showed	O
a	O
preferential	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
,	O
whereas	O
only	O
the	O
polypyrimidine	O
tract	O
-	O
binding	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
PTB	B-PRGE
)	O
was	O
preferentially	O
pulled	O
down	O
with	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
.	O

The	O
potential	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
end	O
-	O
interacting	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
was	O
studied	O
by	O
analyzing	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
their	O
silencing	O
using	O
a	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
replicon	O
and	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
PABP	B-PRGE
,	O
hnRNP	B-PRGE
Q	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
EPRS	O
play	O
a	O
positive	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
that	O
could	O
be	O
mediated	O
through	O
their	O
interaction	O
with	O
the	O
viral	O
3	O
'	O
end	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
GAPDH	B-PRGE
has	O
a	O
negative	O
effect	O
on	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
was	O
isolated	O
and	O
identified	O
in	O
a	O
layer	B-ANAT
hen	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Single	O
-	O
dose	O
etomidate	B-CHED
for	O
rapid	O
sequence	O
intubation	O
may	O
impact	O
outcome	O
after	O
severe	O
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Etomidate	O
is	O
an	O
induction	O
agent	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
sequence	O
intubation	O
(	O
RSI	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
trauma	O
patients	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
favorable	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
profile	O
and	O
rapid	O
onset	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
recent	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
etomidate	B-CHED
to	O
decrease	O
circulating	O
cortisol	B-CHED
concentrations	O
,	O
potentially	O
influencing	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Over	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
,	O
94	O
study	O
patients	O
underwent	O
RSI	B-DISO
,	O
of	O
which	O
35	O
received	O
etomidate	B-CHED
(	O
37	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
obesity	B-DISO
in	O
damage	O
control	O
laparotomy	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
novel	O
modeling	O
approach	O
proposed	O
,	O
which	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
sizable	O
case	O
and	O
control	O
gene	O
datasets	O
,	O
could	O
have	O
important	O
future	O
public	O
health	O
implications	O
in	O
swiftly	O
identifying	O
potential	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
groups	O
associated	O
with	O
being	O
highly	O
susceptible	O
to	O
a	O
particular	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
clinical	O
picture	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
induced	O
by	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

We	O
reviewed	O
37	O
sets	O
of	O
clinical	O
data	O
for	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
National	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Pediatrics	O
(	O
Hanoi	O
,	O
Vietnam	O
);	O
12	O
patients	O
with	O
H5N1	B-DISO
-	O
positive	O
and	O
25	O
with	O
H5N1	B-DISO
-	O
negative	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
H5N1	B-DISO
-	O
positive	O
patients	O
had	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
normal	O
ventilation	O
capacity	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
hospital	O
admission	O
,	O
then	O
rapidly	O
proceeded	O
to	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Systemic	O
and	O
bronchoalveolar	O
cytokines	O
as	O
predictors	O
of	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
in	O
severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
was	O
a	O
prospective	O
study	O
with	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
sampling	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
a	O
44	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
medical	O
ICU	O
of	O
a	O
1700	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
university	O
hospital	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
on	O
46	O
,	O
858	O
patients	O
who	O
sustained	O
blunt	O
liver	B-ANAT
or	O
spleen	B-ANAT
injury	O
utilizing	O
the	O
2002	O
National	O
Trauma	O
Data	O
Bank	O
(	O
NTDB	O
).	O

We	O
have	O
determined	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
hydrophilic	O
domain	O
of	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
(	O
nsp4C	O
)	O
from	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
and	O
a	O
C425S	O
site	O
-	O
directed	O
mutant	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
structure	O
may	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
further	O
functional	O
studies	O
of	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
discuss	O
the	O
potential	O
mechanisms	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
adrenalitis	B-DISO
with	O
extensive	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
and	O
necrosis	B-PROC
in	O
acute	O
critical	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
nutritional	O
efficacy	O
of	O
a	O
probiotic	O
and	O
prebiotic	O
functional	O
food	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
prevalent	O
setting	O
.	O

In	O
Malawi	O
,	O
Synbiotic2000	O
Forte	O
did	O
not	O
improve	O
severe	O
acute	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
outcomes	O
.	O

North	O
and	O
South	O
America	O
,	O
Europe	O
and	O
Australia	O
also	O
have	O
infections	B-DISO
which	O
are	O
geographically	O
concentrated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SL	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
have	O
a	O
similar	O
genomic	O
organization	O
to	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
Their	O
cognate	O
gene	O
products	O
are	O
highly	O
conserved	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
have	O
only	O
63	O
-	O
64	O
%	O
sequence	O
identity	O
.	O

This	O
work	O
provides	O
useful	O
information	O
for	O
future	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
differential	O
serologic	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
vaccines	O
for	O
coronaviruses	O
with	O
different	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
sequences	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
with	O
diabetic	B-DISO
ketoacidosis	I-DISO
rescued	O
despite	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
renal	O
failure	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
57	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
hospital	O
complaining	O
of	O
general	O
fatigue	B-DISO
and	O
appetite	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
he	O
developed	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
on	O
the	O
6th	O
hospital	O
day	O
,	O
therefore	O
siveletat	O
sodium	O
was	O
given	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
April	O
2009	O
,	O
CDC	O
reported	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
cases	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
of	O
human	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
novel	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
biomimetic	O
polymers	B-CHED
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
enhance	O
passive	O
barrier	O
function	O
by	O
reducing	O
the	O
porosity	O
of	O
the	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
glycocalyx	B-COMP
and	O
attenuate	O
mechanotransduction	O
by	O
restricting	O
the	O
motion	O
of	O
the	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
implicated	O
in	O
signal	B-PROC
transduction	I-PROC
.	O

Understanding	O
how	O
nurses	O
perceive	O
disaster	O
and	O
the	O
likelihood	O
of	O
disastrous	O
events	O
is	O
the	O
initial	O
step	O
for	O
disaster	O
planning	O
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
disaster	O
nursing	B-PROC
curriculum	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

The	O
large	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
(	O
26	O
-	O
31	O
kb	O
)	O
encodes	O
15	O
-	O
16	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
nsps	O
)	O
that	O
are	O
derived	O
from	O
two	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyproteins	I-PRGE
by	O
autoproteolytic	O
processing	O
.	O

Two	O
gerbils	B-SPEC
from	O
both	O
groups	O
were	O
necropsied	O
weekly	O
,	O
pathological	O
changes	O
were	O
recorded	O
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
for	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

Research	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
Mongolian	B-SPEC
gerbils	I-SPEC
in	O
Group	O
1	O
were	O
successfully	O
infected	O
with	O
HEV	B-ANAT
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
showed	O
some	O
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chinese	O
-	O
like	O
strain	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Thailand	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Angiotensin	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
from	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dog	I-SPEC
can	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
efficient	O
receptor	O
for	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
-	O
backboned	O
pseudoviruses	O
expressing	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
human	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
or	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
masked	B-SPEC
palm	I-SPEC
civets	I-SPEC
and	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dogs	I-SPEC
were	O
tested	O
for	O
their	O
entry	O
efficiency	O
into	O
these	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
rdACE2	O
is	O
a	O
more	O
efficient	O
receptor	O
for	O
human	B-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
but	O
not	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
masked	B-SPEC
palm	I-SPEC
civets	I-SPEC
and	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dogs	I-SPEC
,	O
than	O
huACE2	O
or	O
pcACE2	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
useful	O
data	O
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
raccoon	B-SPEC
dog	I-SPEC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Between	O
2002	O
and	O
2007	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
1000	O
chickens	O
from	O
commercial	O
farms	O
,	O
live	O
bird	B-SPEC
markets	O
and	O
backyard	O
farms	O
in	O
Nigeria	O
and	O
Niger	B-SPEC
were	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
genome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
and	O
trafficking	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
during	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

HCoVs	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
small	O
,	O
but	O
significant	O
number	O
(	O
at	O
least	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
total	O
samples	O
submitted	O
),	O
of	O
both	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illnesses	O
in	O
children	O
in	O
Colorado	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
raise	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
HCoV	O
may	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
gastrointestinal	O
and	O
CNS	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
induced	O
antibodies	B-COMP
demonstrated	O
neutralizing	O
effects	O
on	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
recombinant	O
L	O
.	O
lactis	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
valuable	O
tool	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
future	O
vaccines	O
against	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
allowed	O
us	O
to	O
detect	O
vaccine	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
as	O
few	O
as	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
birds	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
flock	O
of	O
20	O
,	O
000	O
birds	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
level	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
show	O
that	O
introduction	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
into	O
a	O
commercial	O
broiler	O
flock	O
do	O
not	O
necessarily	O
follow	O
a	O
seemingly	O
logical	O
pattern	O
of	O
a	O
high	O
number	O
of	O
birds	B-SPEC
infected	O
followed	O
by	O
clearance	O
from	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
resembled	O
either	O
a	O
parabolic	O
curve	O
or	O
a	O
sinusoidal	O
-	O
type	O
wave	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
also	O
confirmed	O
previously	O
that	O
porcine	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
pAPN	O
)	O
could	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
pAPN	O
antibodies	B-COMP
could	O
inhibit	O
the	O
combination	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Other	O
genes	O
unassociated	O
to	O
date	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
/	O
SARS	B-DISO
include	O
C1Qb	B-PRGE
,	O
C5R1	B-PRGE
,	O
CASP3	B-PRGE
,	O
CASP9	B-PRGE
,	O
CD14	B-PRGE
,	O
CD68	B-PRGE
,	O
FGF7	B-PRGE
,	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DRA	I-PRGE
,	O
IGF1	B-PRGE
,	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
,	O
MALAT	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
MSR1	B-PRGE
,	O
NFIL3	B-PRGE
,	O
SLPI	B-PRGE
,	O
USP33	B-PRGE
,	O
CLC	B-PRGE
,	O
GBP1	B-PRGE
and	O
TAC1	B-PRGE
.	O

Pus	B-CHED
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
by	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
paracentesis	O
in	O
a	O
27	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
who	O
had	O
no	O
predisposing	O
features	O
for	O
severe	O
peritonitis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Severe	O
complications	O
and	O
their	O
outcomes	O
in	O
65	O
patients	O
with	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
].	O

Six	O
deaths	B-PROC
occurred	O
(	O
mortality	O
rate	O
9	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
4	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
due	O
to	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
/	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
2	O
patients	O
)	O
or	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
/	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
after	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
2	O
patients	O
),	O
whereas	O
the	O
other	O
2	O
deaths	B-PROC
were	O
due	O
to	O
causes	O
unrelated	O
to	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
RS3PE	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lesions	O
and	O
accompanied	O
by	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
requiring	O
noninvasive	O
positive	O
-	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
has	O
not	O
previously	O
been	O
reported	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
rare	O
case	O
is	O
discussed	O
with	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
literature	O
.	O

Eleven	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
in	O
91	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
IAV	O
)	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hRhV	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
echovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
)	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
and	O
4	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viruses	O
that	O
infect	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
are	O
a	O
significant	O
cause	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
worldwide	O
.	O

Alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
an	O
important	O
target	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
can	O
initiate	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
rat	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
rat	B-SPEC
alveolar	B-ANAT
type	O
I	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
vitro	O
induces	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CXC	O
chemokines	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
recruit	O
and	O
activate	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
.	O

Although	O
several	O
nsp	O
'	O
s	O
exhibit	O
catalytic	O
activities	O
that	O
are	O
important	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
other	O
nsp	O
'	O
s	O
have	O
less	O
clearly	O
defined	O
roles	O
during	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
gain	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
their	O
functions	O
,	O
we	O
attempted	O
to	O
identify	O
host	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
interact	O
with	O
nsp	O
'	O
s	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
chronic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
CRD	B-DISO
)	O
PH	O
is	O
""""	O
pre	O
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
","""	O
due	O
to	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
(	O
PVR	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
first	O
cause	O
of	O
increased	O
PVR	B-DISO
is	O
chronic	O
long	O
-	O
standing	B-PROC
alveolar	B-ANAT
hypoxia	B-DISO
which	O
induces	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
remodeling	O
.	O

These	O
acute	O
increases	O
in	O
afterload	O
can	O
favor	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
RHF	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
low	O
-	O
tidal	O
ventilation	O
may	O
reduce	O
mortality	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
it	O
can	O
also	O
result	O
in	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
derecruitment	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
tested	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
combining	O
""""	O
open	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
""""	O
ventilation	O
and	O
arteriovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
(	O
av	O
-	O
ECLA	O
)	O
allows	O
for	O
maximal	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
VT	O
)	O
reduction	O
without	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
decompensated	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
and	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

After	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
remained	O
significantly	O
improved	O
although	O
VTs	O
were	O
minimized	O
to	O
0	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

PaO2	O
was	O
significantly	O
improved	O
during	O
PCV	B-CHED
and	O
av	O
-	O
ECLA	O
compared	O
with	O
PCV	B-CHED
alone	O
at	O
VTs	O
<	O
4	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

With	O
VT	O
<	O
6	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
severe	O
acidosis	B-DISO
could	O
only	O
be	O
avoided	O
if	O
PCV	B-CHED
was	O
combined	O
with	O
av	O
-	O
ECLA	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
carried	O
out	O
computational	O
docking	B-PROC
studies	O
and	O
generated	O
a	O
predictive	O
3D	O
-	O
QSAR	O
model	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
PLpro	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
order	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
canine	O
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CECoV	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
general	O
dog	B-SPEC
population	O
,	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
in	O
a	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
study	O
of	O
249	O
dogs	B-SPEC
presenting	O
for	O
any	O
reason	O
at	O
veterinary	O
practices	O
randomly	O
selected	O
from	O
across	O
the	O
UK	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Two	O
forms	O
of	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Immunohistochemical	O
staining	O
for	O
types	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
IV	I-PRGE
collagen	I-PRGE
,	O
alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
smooth	I-PRGE
muscle	I-PRGE
actin	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
Ki	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
67	I-PRGE
was	O
carried	O
out	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
sites	O
of	O
myofibroblast	B-ANAT
proliferation	B-DISO
and	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
collagen	I-PRGE
production	O
were	O
examined	O
.	O

All	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
cases	O
in	O
the	O
proliferative	O
phase	O
showed	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
myofibroblast	B-ANAT
proliferation	B-DISO
.	O

Increased	O
awareness	O
of	O
NTPE	O
as	O
an	O
underestimated	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	O
and	O
chronic	O
embolism	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
acute	O
and	O
chronic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
,	O
is	O
needed	O
.	O

Three	O
different	O
mouse	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
differing	O
in	O
their	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
,	O
were	O
used	O
.	O

129SvEv	O
mice	B-SPEC
lacking	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
IFNAR	B-PRGE
-/-),	O
however	O
,	O
were	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
broadens	O
our	O
present	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
type	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
effector	B-CHED
responses	O
during	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

The	O
new	O
assays	O
did	O
not	O
cross	O
react	O
with	O
samples	O
containing	O
other	O
viruses	O
including	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
;	O
human	B-SPEC
metapnuemovirus	O
;	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
229E	O
,	O
NL63	O
,	O
OC43	O
;	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
;	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
;	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
had	O
a	O
specificity	O
of	O
100	O
%	O
and	O
a	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
98	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
for	O
RSV	B-SPEC
and	O
96	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
one	O
series	O
only	O
children	O
with	O
RSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
experienced	O
recurrent	O
wheezing	B-DISO
and	O
in	O
another	O
only	O
RSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
(	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
correlated	O
with	O
prolonged	O
hospitalisation	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
,	O
crystallization	O
and	O
preliminary	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
diffraction	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
nsp2	O
from	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
prototype	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
III	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
encodes	O
15	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
which	O
make	O
up	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
/	O
replication	O
machinery	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serological	O
studies	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
vaccines	O
against	O
Japanese	O
field	O
isolates	O
of	O
homologous	O
and	O
heterologous	O
genotypes	O
.	O

Field	O
isolates	O
have	O
mainly	O
been	O
classified	O
into	O
three	O
major	O
genotypes	O
,	O
JP	O
-	O
I	O
,	O
JP	O
-	O
II	O
and	O
JP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
,	O
since	O
2003	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
genotype	O
was	O
detected	O
from	O
recent	O
field	O
isolates	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

A	O
quantile	O
regression	O
model	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
estimate	O
reference	O
ranges	O
of	O
normal	O
oral	B-ANAT
temperatures	O
for	O
students	O
with	O
adjustment	O
for	O
potential	O
confounding	O
factors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
acute	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
induced	O
by	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
variations	O
at	O
constant	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
(	O
P	O
(	O
plat	O
))	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
on	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
(	O
RV	O
)	O
function	O
.	O

We	O
compared	O
three	O
ventilatory	O
strategies	O
,	O
each	O
used	O
for	O
1	O
h	O
,	O
with	O
P	O
(	O
plat	O
)	O
at	O
22	O
(	O
20	O
-	O
25	O
)	O
cmH	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
:	O
low	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
5	O
.	O
4	O
cmH	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
)	O
or	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
11	O
.	O
0	O
cmH	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
)	O
with	O
compensation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
tidal	O
volume	O
reduction	O
by	O
either	O
a	O
high	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
(	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
/	O
high	O
rate	O
)	O
or	O
instrumental	O
dead	B-PROC
space	O
decrease	O
(	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
/	O
low	O
rate	O
).	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
pathogen	O
interactions	O
related	O
to	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
CoVs	O
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lack	O
of	O
evidence	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
among	O
turkey	B-SPEC
workers	O
.	O

Although	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
animal	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
occasionally	O
they	O
have	O
been	O
noted	O
to	O
infect	O
man	B-CHED
,	O
rarely	O
have	O
they	O
been	O
studied	O
as	O
potential	O
zoonotic	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
modeling	O
revealed	O
no	O
statistical	O
difference	O
in	O
elevated	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
against	O
HEV	B-SPEC
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

In	O
comparison	O
with	O
conventional	O
enzyme	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
),	O
the	O
detection	O
limit	O
of	O
the	O
LSPCF	O
fiber	O
-	O
optic	B-ANAT
biosensor	O
for	O
the	O
GST	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
improved	O
at	O
least	O
10	O
(	O
4	O
)-	O
fold	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Large	O
Arf1	B-PRGE
guanine	I-PRGE
nucleotide	I-PRGE
exchange	I-PRGE
factors	I-PRGE
:	O
evolution	B-PROC
,	O
domain	O
structure	O
,	O
and	O
roles	O
in	O
membrane	B-ANAT
trafficking	B-PROC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Safety	O
and	O
tolerability	O
of	O
ribosome	B-COMP
-	O
component	O
immune	O
modulator	O
in	O
adults	O
and	O
children	O
.	O

These	O
aptamer	O
-	O
antibody	O
hybrid	O
immunoassays	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
rapid	O
,	O
sensitive	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
epithelial	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
expressed	B-PROC
ACE2	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
3a	O
/	O
X1	O
in	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
accelerate	O
osteoclastogenesis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hyperinfection	O
syndrome	B-DISO
with	O
Strongyloides	B-SPEC
stercoralis	I-SPEC
is	O
not	O
uncommon	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
suis	I-SPEC
serotype	O
2	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
beyond	O
:	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
ecology	O
and	O
the	O
situation	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Even	O
the	O
'	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
'	O
reservoir	O
animals	B-SPEC
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
migratory	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
became	O
victims	O
of	O
the	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
based	O
on	O
that	O
region	O
revealed	O
that	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
separated	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
(	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
reduced	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
barrier	O
function	O
,	O
increased	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
into	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
space	O
.	O

Surface	O
plasmon	O
resonance	O
(	O
SPR	O
)	O
experiments	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
affinity	O
of	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
for	O
RNA	O
was	O
approximately	O
fivefold	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
for	O
DNA	O
.	O

SPR	O
experiments	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
(	O
residues	O
301	O
-	O
448	O
)	O
of	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
lacks	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
,	O
while	O
crosslinking	O
and	O
gel	O
filtration	O
analyses	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
is	O
mainly	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
oligomerization	O
of	O
the	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mechanisms	O
of	O
primary	O
axonal	O
damage	O
in	O
a	O
viral	O
model	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
(	O
MS	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
inflammatory	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

He	O
died	B-PROC
after	O
12	O
days	O
of	O
septic	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Postoperative	O
neutropenia	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
warning	O
sign	O
of	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
even	O
in	O
survivable	O
burns	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
estimates	O
of	O
daily	O
reproduction	B-PROC
numbers	O
were	O
provided	O
for	O
each	O
subpopulation	O
.	O

This	O
observation	O
suggests	O
that	O
public	O
health	O
measures	O
and	O
possible	O
changes	O
in	O
individual	O
behaviors	B-PROC
effectively	O
reduced	O
transmission	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
hospitals	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
the	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
and	O
the	O
concern	O
over	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
have	O
stimulated	O
considerable	O
government	O
and	O
healthcare	O
institutional	O
efforts	O
to	O
improve	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
systems	O
in	O
Canada	O
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
hospitals	O
that	O
reported	O
having	O
new	O
nosocomial	O
Vancomycin	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
Enterococcus	B-SPEC
(	O
VRE	O
)	O
cases	O
was	O
greater	O
in	O
2005	O
than	O
in	O
1999	O
(	O
X	O
=	O
10	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ICP	B-DISO
full	O
time	O
equivalents	O
(	O
FTEs	O
)	O
per	O
100	O
beds	O
increased	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
SD	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
in	O
1999	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
(	O
SD	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
in	O
2005	O
(	O
F	O
=	O
90	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

Although	O
A	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
baumannii	I-SPEC
is	O
considered	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
in	O
nosocomical	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
A	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
baumannii	I-SPEC
is	O
very	O
rare	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronaviruses	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	B-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
utilize	O
proteases	O
to	O
enter	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
-	O
or	O
CPL	B-DISO
-	O
mediated	O
conversion	O
to	O
6HB	O
can	O
be	O
blocked	O
by	O
a	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
peptide	B-CHED
known	O
to	O
block	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
6HB	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
consecutive	O
treatment	O
with	O
CPL	B-DISO
and	O
then	O
chlorpromazine	B-CHED
enabled	O
a	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
enter	O
from	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
on	O
a	O
4	O
month	O
old	O
male	O
infant	O
with	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
leading	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

This	O
case	O
report	O
describes	O
severe	O
maxillary	B-ANAT
and	O
mandibular	B-ANAT
necrotizing	O
stomatitis	B-DISO
and	O
osteomyelitis	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
young	O
female	O
patient	O
after	O
chemotherapy	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
leukaemia	I-DISO
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
two	O
months	O
after	O
presentation	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
symptoms	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
complications	O
related	O
to	O
leukaemia	B-DISO
recurrence	B-DISO
(	O
haemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
).	O

Dental	O
monitoring	O
during	O
cancer	B-DISO
treatment	O
is	O
imperative	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
emphasize	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
dental	B-DISO
plaque	I-DISO
control	O
and	O
the	O
maintenance	O
of	O
a	O
healthy	O
periodontal	O
condition	B-DISO
throughout	O
medical	O
treatment	O
.	O

We	O
reveal	O
correlations	O
with	O
specific	O
cellular	B-COMP
states	O
that	O
are	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
population	O
context	O
of	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
we	O
derive	O
probabilistic	O
models	O
that	O
can	O
explain	O
and	O
predict	O
most	O
cellular	B-COMP
heterogeneity	O
of	O
these	O
activities	O
,	O
solely	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
each	O
cell	B-COMP
'	O
s	O
population	O
context	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
reveal	O
that	O
synergy	O
between	O
two	O
molecular	O
components	O
,	O
focal	B-COMP
adhesion	I-COMP
kinase	O
and	O
the	O
sphingolipid	B-CHED
GM1	B-CHED
,	O
enhances	O
the	O
population	O
-	O
determined	O
pattern	O
of	O
simian	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
40	I-SPEC
(	O
SV40	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
during	O
Hajj	O
and	O
carries	O
a	O
poor	O
outcome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
S2	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
mediating	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
recognized	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
at	O
the	O
S1	O
-	O
S2	O
boundary	O
,	O
a	O
second	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
S2	O
domain	O
(	O
R797	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
biomarkers	O
insuring	O
identification	O
of	O
septic	O
patients	O
at	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
prospective	O
,	O
multicenter	O
,	O
observational	O
study	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
time	O
-	O
course	O
of	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
LBP	B-DISO
)	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
examined	O
whether	O
serial	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
LBP	B-DISO
could	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
marker	O
of	O
outcome	O
.	O

LBP	B-DISO
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
at	O
study	O
entry	O
,	O
at	O
48	O
hours	O
and	O
at	O
day	O
-	O
7	O
were	O
measured	O
in	O
180	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

LBP	B-DISO
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
were	O
similar	O
in	O
survivors	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
at	O
study	O
entry	O
(	O
117	O
.	O
4	O
+/-	O
75	O
.	O
7	O
microg	O
/	O
mL	O
vs	O
.	O
129	O
.	O
8	O
+/-	O
71	O
.	O
3	O
microg	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
249	O
)	O
but	O
there	O
were	O
significant	O
differences	O
at	O
48	O
hours	O
(	O
77	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O
57	O
.	O
0	O
vs	O
.	O
121	O
.	O
2	O
+/-	O
73	O
.	O
4	O
microg	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
and	O
at	O
day	O
-	O
7	O
(	O
64	O
.	O
7	O
+/-	O
45	O
.	O
8	O
vs	O
.	O
89	O
.	O
7	O
+/-	O
61	O
.	O
1	O
microg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
017	O
).	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
carnivores	B-SPEC
remain	O
the	O
most	O
critical	O
vectors	O
for	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
dogs	B-SPEC
that	O
are	O
originating	O
55	O
.	O
000	O
rabies	B-DISO
deaths	B-PROC
per	O
year	O
,	O
essentially	O
in	O
developing	O
countries	O
.	O

These	O
experiments	O
proof	O
that	O
FIPV	O
can	O
employ	O
another	O
immune	B-PROC
evasion	I-PROC
strategy	O
against	O
ADCML	O
(	O
besides	O
preventing	O
surface	O
expression	B-PROC
):	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
complement	O
-	O
mediated	O
lysis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
selective	O
forces	O
underlying	O
HE	O
diversity	O
and	O
the	O
molecular	O
basis	O
for	O
Sia	B-PRGE
specificity	O
are	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
shed	O
light	O
on	O
HE	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
provide	O
fundamental	O
insight	O
into	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
substrate	O
binding	B-FUNC
,	O
substrate	O
recognition	O
,	O
and	O
receptor	O
selection	O
in	O
this	O
important	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
virion	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Corticosteroids	O
are	O
widely	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
a	O
diversity	O
of	O
pathological	O
conditions	O
including	O
allergic	O
,	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
and	O
some	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
drugs	O
have	O
complex	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
action	O
involving	O
both	O
genomic	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
genomic	O
mechanisms	O
and	O
interfere	O
with	O
different	O
signal	B-PROC
transduction	I-PROC
pathways	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
changes	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
,	O
immunosuppressive	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
(	O
CsA	B-DISO
/	O
FK506	O
+	O
MMF	O
+	O
Pred	O
)	O
were	O
adjusted	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
CMV	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
occurring	O
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
133	O
recipients	O
,	O
12	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
12	O
/	O
133	O
)	O
had	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
during	O
58	O
-	O
118	O
days	O
after	O
operation	O
,	O
including	O
7	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
);	O
4	O
patients	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
4	O
/	O
12	O
)	O
died	B-PROC
and	O
8	O
(	O
66	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
8	O
/	O
12	O
)	O
were	O
cured	O
.	O

Determination	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
could	O
reflect	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
and	O
give	O
directions	O
of	O
the	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
45	O
-	O
72	O
day	O
after	O
renal	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
,	O
36	O
cases	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
significantly	O
lower	O
number	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
than	O
that	O
before	O
operation	O
.	O

All	O
the	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
which	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
TGEV	O
by	O
the	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
also	O
tested	O
positive	O
by	O
the	O
TaqMan	O
assay	O
.	O

Stroke	B-DISO
volume	O
variation	O
and	O
pulse	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
variation	O
related	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
stroke	B-DISO
volume	O
during	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
predict	O
fluid	O
responsiveness	O
and	O
represent	O
an	O
evolving	O
practice	O
for	O
volume	O
management	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
or	O
operating	O
room	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
N	O
greatly	O
increased	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
MAP19	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Macrophage	B-ANAT
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
and	O
tumour	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
are	O
induced	O
by	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
fixation	O
to	O
Toll	O
-	O
like	O
receptor	O
2	O
/	O
heparan	O
sulphate	O
receptors	O
but	O
not	O
carcinoembryonic	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
adhesion	B-DISO
antigen	B-CHED
1a	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
rapid	O
antiviral	B-CHED
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
viral	O
interaction	O
with	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
leading	O
to	O
activation	O
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
via	O
pattern	O
recognition	O
receptors	O
(	O
PPRs	B-PRGE
)	O
or	O
specific	O
viral	O
receptors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
synergistic	O
interferon	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
gamma	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
is	O
induced	O
by	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
)/	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
-	O
activated	O
natural	B-ANAT
killer	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
modulated	O
by	O
carcinoembryonic	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecules	O
(	O
CEACAM	O
)	O
1a	O
receptor	O
.	O

Immunofluorescent	O
staining	O
showed	O
that	O
four	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
supported	O
SDAV	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
namely	O
Clara	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
ciliated	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
airway	B-ANAT
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
type	O
I	O
and	O
type	O
II	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
messages	O
give	O
voice	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
Chinese	O
nursing	B-PROC
experience	O
and	O
when	O
synthesised	O
with	O
reports	O
from	O
other	O
international	O
nurses	O
,	O
they	O
enable	O
specific	O
direction	O
to	O
enhance	O
potential	O
for	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
prepared	O
nursing	B-PROC
workforce	O
and	O
quality	O
patient	O
care	O
in	O
future	O
epidemics	O
.	O

The	O
preparation	O
of	O
a	O
knowledgeable	O
,	O
cared	O
-	O
for	O
nursing	B-PROC
workforce	O
promises	O
optimal	O
outcomes	O
with	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
the	O
next	O
global	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Stem	O
-	O
loop	O
2	O
(	O
SL2	B-PRGE
)	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
untranslated	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
contains	O
a	O
highly	O
conserved	O
pentaloop	O
(	O
C47	O
-	O
U48	O
-	O
U49	O
-	O
G50	O
-	O
U51	O
)	O
stacked	O
on	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
bp	O
stem	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
SL2	B-PRGE
functions	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
,	O
but	O
rather	O
plastic	O
,	O
structural	O
element	O
in	O
stimulating	O
subgenomic	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
in	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
was	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
2006	O
-	O
2007	O
than	O
2005	O
-	O
2006	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
).	O

With	O
new	O
information	O
surfacing	O
from	O
public	O
health	O
investigations	O
of	O
recent	O
cases	O
of	O
swine	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
here	O
we	O
discuss	O
putative	O
links	O
between	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SRI	O
in	O
Mexico	O
and	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
swine	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
strain	O
in	O
several	O
southwestern	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
states	O
.	O

The	O
135	O
participating	O
herds	O
were	O
randomly	O
selected	O
from	O
those	O
in	O
The	O
Norwegian	O
Dairy	O
Herd	O
Recording	O
System	O
that	O
had	O
at	O
least	O
15	O
cow	B-SPEC
-	O
years	O
.	O

Potential	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
using	O
Cox	O
regression	O
analysis	O
adjusted	O
for	O
herd	O
frailty	O
effect	O
.	O

Other	O
factors	O
found	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
were	O
use	O
of	O
slatted	O
concrete	O
floor	O
in	O
group	O
pens	O
versus	O
other	O
floor	O
types	O
[	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
=	O
8	O
.	O
9	O
],	O
housing	O
of	O
calves	O
in	O
free	O
-	O
stalls	O
compared	O
with	O
tie	O
-	O
stalls	O
(	O
HR	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
),	O
purchasing	O
of	O
calves	O
into	O
the	O
herd	O
versus	O
not	O
purchasing	O
calves	O
(	O
HR	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
),	O
and	O
calves	O
being	O
born	O
during	O
winter	O
compared	O
with	O
other	O
seasons	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
(	O
HR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
).	O

No	O
calves	O
were	O
antibody	B-COMP
positive	O
for	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bovis	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
a	O
multi	O
-	O
variate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
model	O
,	O
pre	O
-	O
ECMO	O
factors	O
including	O
increasing	O
age	O
,	O
decreased	O
weight	O
,	O
days	O
on	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
before	O
ECMO	O
,	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
pH	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
7	O
.	O
18	O
,	O
and	O
Hispanic	O
and	O
Asian	O
race	O
compared	O
to	O
white	O
race	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
odds	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
two	O
diagnostic	O
categories	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
asthma	B-PATH
compared	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
associated	O
with	O
decreased	O
odds	O
of	O
mortality	O
as	O
was	O
venovenous	O
compared	O
to	O
venoarterial	O
mode	O
.	O

CPR	B-ENZY
and	O
complications	O
while	O
on	O
ECMO	O
including	O
circuit	O
rupture	O
,	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
infarction	B-DISO
or	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
gastrointestinal	I-DISO
or	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
pH	O
<	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
or	O
>	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
odds	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

For	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
years	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
600	O
),	O
age	O
and	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
70	O
compared	O
to	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
44	O
were	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
odds	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Influenza	B-DISO
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Argentina	B-SPEC
.	O

ICU	O
:	O
28	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
(	O
21	O
with	O
associated	O
conditions	O
);	O
24	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
received	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
21	O
of	O
them	O
had	O
shock	O
;	O
8	O
/	O
9	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
cases	O
required	O
hemodialysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
making	O
of	O
a	O
Chinese	O
head	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
WHO	O
:	O
a	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
media	B-ANAT
discourse	O
on	O
Margaret	O
Chan	O
'	O
s	O
contest	O
for	O
the	O
WHO	O
director	O
-	O
generalship	O
and	O
its	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
collective	O
memory	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
maps	O
the	O
political	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
media	B-ANAT
discourse	O
and	O
explores	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
a	O
collective	O
past	O
to	O
foster	O
national	O
cohesion	O
in	O
postcolonial	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Risk	O
of	O
bias	B-SPEC
of	O
randomised	O
studies	O
was	O
assessed	O
for	O
generation	O
of	O
the	O
allocation	O
sequence	O
,	O
allocation	O
concealment	O
,	O
blinding	O
,	O
and	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
many	O
simple	O
and	O
low	O
cost	O
interventions	O
reduce	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
epidemic	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Some	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
Chikungunya	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Japanese	B-SPEC
encephalitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Yellow	B-SPEC
fever	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Hanta	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
H5N1	B-DISO
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
consensus	O
method	O
for	O
detecting	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
has	O
not	O
been	O
well	O
established	O
.	O

70	O
-	O
mer	O
oligonucleotides	B-CHED
were	O
used	O
at	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
level	O
and	O
50	O
-	O
mer	O
oligonucleotides	B-CHED
were	O
at	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
level	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

This	O
method	O
may	O
have	O
an	O
important	O
potential	O
application	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Using	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
specific	O
for	O
three	O
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinases	I-PRGE
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
induction	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
mediated	O
through	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
Janus	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
,	O
but	O
not	O
through	O
the	O
extracellular	B-PRGE
signal	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
regulated	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
or	O
p38	B-FUNC
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Induction	O
of	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
after	O
oral	B-ANAT
inoculation	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
casei	I-SPEC
surface	O
-	O
displayed	O
porcine	O
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
viral	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
].	O

Statistical	O
significant	O
difference	O
was	O
observed	O
among	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
lymphocyte	B-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
index	O
(	O
LPI	B-DISO
)	O
among	O
the	O
immunization	O
groups	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
control	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
TaqMan	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
comparison	O
of	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
.	O

For	O
IS	O
/	O
885	O
/	O
00	O
,	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
more	O
sensitive	O
by	O
tenfold	O
than	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
and	O
30	O
-	O
or	O
40	O
-	O
fold	O
than	O
by	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
or	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
CCoV	O
-	O
II	O
infection	B-DISO
resulted	O
in	O
truncated	O
bid	O
(	O
tbid	O
)	O
translocation	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
cytosolic	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
fraction	O
,	O
the	O
cytochrome	B-PRGE
c	I-PRGE
release	B-PATH
from	I-PRGE
mitochondria	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
alterations	O
in	O
the	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
apoptotic	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
family	I-PRGE
.	O

Mutation	O
of	O
the	O
solvent	B-CHED
-	O
exposed	O
Y127	O
,	O
positioned	O
on	O
the	O
beta	O
-	O
platform	O
surface	O
of	O
our	O
1	O
.	O
75	O
A	O
structure	O
,	O
binds	O
the	O
TRS	B-DISO
far	O
less	O
tightly	O
and	O
is	O
severely	O
crippled	O
in	O
its	O
RNA	O
unwinding	O
activity	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
not	O
known	O
whether	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
maintained	O
by	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
that	O
entered	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
during	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
or	O
are	O
newly	O
recruited	O
from	O
Ag	O
-	O
experienced	O
or	O
naive	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
pools	O
.	O

The	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
surgery	O
and	O
PCD	B-DISO
groups	O
was	O
sixteen	O
and	O
thirteen	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
GhanaBt	O
-	O
CoVGrp2	O
shared	O
an	O
old	O
ancestor	O
(	O
approximately	O
2	O
,	O
400	O
years	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
group	O
of	O
CoV	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
glycosaminoglycan	B-CHED
had	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
economically	O
important	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
worldwide	O
distribution	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
/	O
H5N1	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
severe	O
and	O
rapidly	O
progressive	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
mostly	O
manifested	O
as	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Bronchopleural	B-DISO
fistula	I-DISO
was	O
an	O
intractable	O
complication	B-DISO
for	O
patient	O
with	O
A	O
/	O
H5N1	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
,	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
during	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
.	O

Mortality	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
ranges	O
from	O
between	O
6	O
to	O
55	O
%.	O

Firstly	O
,	O
NO	O
or	O
its	O
derivatives	O
cause	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
palmitoylation	B-PROC
of	O
nascently	O
expressed	B-PROC
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
which	O
affects	O
the	O
fusion	O
between	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
cognate	O
receptor	O
,	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
may	O
be	O
warranted	O
in	O
complicated	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
in	O
febrile	B-PROC
neutropenic	O
patients	O
with	O
normal	O
or	O
nonspecific	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
findings	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Role	O
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
endodomains	O
in	O
regulating	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

This	O
slower	O
refolding	O
was	O
also	O
reflected	O
in	O
the	O
paucity	O
of	O
postfusion	O
six	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
configurations	O
among	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hantavirus	B-SPEC
pulmonary	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
HPS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
rodent	B-SPEC
-	O
borne	O
disease	O
in	O
the	O
American	O
continent	O
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
a	O
high	O
case	O
-	O
fatality	O
ratio	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
work	O
describes	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
HPS	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
favorable	O
outcome	O
,	O
whose	O
initial	O
features	O
were	O
mistaken	O
for	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
or	O
other	O
less	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Young	O
dogs	B-SPEC
are	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
seropositive	O
than	O
older	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
probably	O
due	O
to	O
increased	O
opportunity	O
for	O
exposure	O
to	O
CRCoV	O
over	O
time	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CIV	B-SPEC
were	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
dogs	O
sampled	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
unlikely	O
to	O
be	O
present	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
in	O
New	O
Zealand	O
.	O

None	O
was	O
seropositive	O
for	O
CIV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ascaris	B-SPEC
lumbricoides	I-SPEC
infects	O
an	O
estimated	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
billion	O
people	O
worldwide	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
usually	O
asymptomatic	O
.	O

The	O
nature	O
of	O
work	O
-	O
family	B-SPEC
and	O
family	B-SPEC
-	O
work	O
conflict	O
perceived	O
and	O
experienced	O
by	O
nurses	O
during	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
supports	O
needed	O
to	O
enable	O
them	O
to	O
balance	B-PROC
their	O
social	O
roles	O
during	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
heightened	O
stress	O
,	O
are	O
explored	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Ontario	O
in	O
2003	O
found	O
that	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
several	O
faults	O
in	O
healthcare	O
services	O
and	O
that	O
these	O
had	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
deaths	B-PROC
of	O
two	O
nurses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
some	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
,	O
hypoxemia	O
occurs	O
despite	O
optimized	O
conservative	O
therapy	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
can	O
assure	O
sufficient	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
.	O

Another	O
approach	O
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
arterio	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
venous	I-ANAT
pumpless	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
(	O
pECLA	O
)	O
using	O
an	O
oxygenator	O
with	O
reduced	O
pressure	O
drop	O
to	O
simplify	O
management	O
and	O
to	O
avoid	O
pump	O
-	O
related	O
complications	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
New	O
simulation	O
-	O
based	O
airway	B-ANAT
management	O
training	O
program	O
for	O
junior	O
physicians	O
:	O
Advanced	O
Airway	B-ANAT
Life	O
Support	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
No	O
evidence	O
of	O
over	O
-	O
reporting	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
.	O

Differences	O
in	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
between	O
probable	O
and	O
suspected	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
were	O
tested	O
by	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
exact	O
test	O
.	O

These	O
cases	O
resulted	O
in	O
33	O
deaths	B-PROC
,	O
five	O
of	O
which	O
occurred	O
in	O
hospital	O
staff	O
.	O

The	O
recombinant	O
IBV	B-SPEC
was	O
in	O
effect	O
a	O
chimaeric	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
derived	O
from	O
Beaudette	O
and	O
the	O
rest	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
genome	O
from	O
M41	O
.	O

This	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
exchange	O
a	O
large	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
,	O
approximately	O
8	O
.	O
4	O
kb	O
,	O
using	O
our	O
transient	O
dominant	O
selection	O
method	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
chimaeric	O
virus	B-SPEC
showed	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
avirulent	O
indicating	O
that	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
structural	O
or	O
accessory	O
genes	O
derived	O
from	O
a	O
virulent	O
isolate	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
were	O
able	O
to	O
restore	O
virulence	B-PROC
and	O
that	O
therefore	O
,	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
virulence	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
the	O
Beaudette	O
strain	O
resides	O
in	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
CRCoV	O
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
strains	O
revealed	O
twenty	O
sequence	O
variations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dynamics	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HR2	O
domain	O
in	O
the	O
prefusion	O
and	O
transition	B-DISO
states	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
,	O
prediction	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
enteropathogens	O
in	O
normal	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
normal	O
faeces	B-ANAT
of	O
young	O
Dutch	O
dairy	O
calves	O
.	O

Fifty	O
-	O
seven	O
percent	O
of	O
calves	O
had	O
faeces	O
of	O
normal	O
colour	O
(	O
brownish	O
)	O
and	O
consistency	O
(	O
firm	O
),	O
23	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
19	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
28	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
had	O
'	O
custard	O
-	O
like	O
'	O
faeces	B-ANAT
and	O
19	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
15	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
23	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
had	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
animal	B-SPEC
or	O
managerial	O
factors	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
shedding	O
of	O
Cl	O
.	O

Hemocompatibility	O
of	O
devices	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
size	O
and	O
modification	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
contacting	O
surfaces	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
rates	O
.	O

Scanning	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
of	O
oxygenator	O
fibers	O
showed	O
significantly	O
increased	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
shape	O
change	O
of	O
platelets	B-ANAT
after	O
interventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
.	O

Interleukin	B-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
concentration	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
.	O

Infants	O
with	O
RV	O
infection	B-DISO
had	O
higher	O
blood	B-ANAT
eosinophil	I-ANAT
counts	O
than	O
infants	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
from	O
RSV	B-SPEC
and	O
hBoV	O
(	O
307	O
+/-	O
436	O
vs	O
138	O
+/-	O
168	O
vs	O
89	O
+/-	O
19	O
n	O
/	O
mm	O
(	O
3	O
);	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
population	O
and	O
health	O
care	O
system	O
in	O
Mexico	O
City	O
experienced	O
the	O
first	O
and	O
greatest	O
early	O
burden	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

By	O
60	O
days	O
,	O
24	O
patients	O
had	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
41	O
.	O
4	O
%;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
28	O
.	O
9	O
%-	O
55	O
.	O
0	O
%).	O

Patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
had	O
greater	O
initial	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
worse	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
higher	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
levels	O
,	O
higher	O
creatinine	B-CHED
levels	O
,	O
and	O
ongoing	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
168	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
or	O
probable	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
),	O
the	O
mean	O
(	O
SD	O
)	O
age	O
was	O
32	O
.	O
3	O
(	O
21	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
years	O
;	O
113	O
were	O
female	O
(	O
67	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
and	O
50	O
were	O
children	O
(	O
29	O
.	O
8	O
%).	O

Shock	O
and	O
nonpulmonary	O
acute	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
was	O
common	O
(	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
mean	O
[	O
SD	O
]	O
score	O
of	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
[	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
]	O
on	O
day	O
1	O
).	O

Overall	O
mortality	O
among	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
at	O
90	O
days	O
was	O
17	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
12	O
.	O
0	O
%-	O
24	O
.	O
0	O
%;	O
n	O
=	O
29	O
).	O

Overall	O
mortality	O
among	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
at	O
90	O
days	O
was	O
17	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
12	O
.	O
0	O
%-	O
24	O
.	O
0	O
%;	O
n	O
=	O
29	O
).	O

To	O
describe	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
all	O
patients	O
with	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)-	O
associated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
and	O
to	O
report	O
incidence	O
,	O
resource	O
utilization	O
,	O
and	O
patient	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Before	O
ECMO	O
,	O
patients	O
had	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
despite	O
advanced	O
mechanical	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
with	O
a	O
median	O
(	O
IQR	O
)	O
Pao	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
Fio	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
ratio	O
of	O
56	O
(	O
48	O
-	O
63	O
),	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
of	O
18	O
(	O
15	O
-	O
20	O
)	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
of	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
).	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
by	O
either	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
or	O
PCR	O
methods	O
significantly	O
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
conjunctival	O
samples	O
from	O
dogs	O
with	O
conjunctivitis	B-DISO
(	O
7	O
/	O
30	O
[	O
23	O
.	O
3	O
%])	O
than	O
dogs	B-SPEC
without	O
conjunctivitis	B-DISO
(	O
0	O
/	O
30	O
[	O
0	O
%]).	O

Canine	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
-	O
1	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
2	O
conjunctival	O
samples	O
and	O
detected	O
by	O
use	O
of	O
PCR	O
assay	O
in	O
5	O
conjunctival	O
samples	O
.	O

Specimens	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
,	O
108	O
)	O
from	O
244	O
suspected	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
outbreaks	O
in	O
2006	O
and	O
2007	O
in	O
Alberta	B-SPEC
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Type	O
II	O
mixed	O
cryoglobulin	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
systematic	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
mainly	O
linked	O
to	O
immune	O
complex	O
deposition	O
in	O
several	O
organs	B-ANAT
and	O
to	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Therapeutic	O
strategies	O
can	O
target	O
either	O
the	O
viral	O
trigger	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
if	O
present	O
,	O
or	O
pathogenic	O
events	O
downstream	O
the	O
triggering	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
,	O
the	O
proliferation	B-DISO
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
directly	O
.	O

Antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
first	O
-	O
line	O
treatment	O
in	O
many	O
HCV	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
rare	O
case	O
of	O
neuroleptic	B-DISO
malignant	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
presenting	O
with	O
serious	O
hyperthermia	B-PROC
treated	O
with	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
cooling	O
device	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

Because	O
of	O
other	O
different	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
diseases	O
matching	O
the	O
various	O
clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
correct	O
diagnosis	O
can	O
sometimes	O
be	O
hard	O
to	O
make	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Numerous	O
case	O
reports	O
have	O
been	O
published	O
about	O
patients	O
who	O
developed	O
neuroleptic	B-DISO
malignant	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
Olanzapin	O
(	O
Zyprexa	B-CHED
(	O
R	O
))	O
medication	O
.	O

The	O
prolonged	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
following	O
specific	O
treatment	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
severe	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
an	O
8	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
Caucasian	O
girl	O
affected	O
by	O
a	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
hemolytic	I-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
required	O
continuous	O
steroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
for	O
16	O
months	O
.	O

The	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
MAS	B-COMP
is	O
multifactorial	O
and	O
complex	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
the	O
mechanical	O
and	O
chemical	O
effects	O
of	O
meconium	B-ANAT
on	O
a	O
newborn	O
'	O
s	O
airway	B-ANAT
,	O
meconium	B-ANAT
-	O
induced	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
mediated	O
by	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
,	O
the	O
complement	O
system	O
and	O
the	O
proinflammatory	O
enzyme	O
phospholipase	B-PRGE
A2	I-PRGE
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
MAS	B-COMP
development	B-PROC
to	O
identify	O
those	O
newborns	O
that	O
develop	O
MAS	B-COMP
and	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
infected	O
chicken	B-SPEC
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
LAMP	I-PRGE
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
for	O
detecting	O
IBV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
in	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
was	O
99	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
and	O
98	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Prophylactic	O
ventilation	O
of	O
severely	O
injured	O
patients	O
with	O
thoracic	B-DISO
trauma	O
--	O
does	O
it	O
always	O
make	O
sense	O
?].	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
progression	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
triggered	O
by	O
various	O
intrahospital	O
exposures	O
including	O
but	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
transfusion	O
,	O
aspiration	B-DISO
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
certain	O
medications	O
and	O
delayed	O
treatment	O
of	O
shock	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

NL63	O
productively	O
infects	O
LLCMK2	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
ciliated	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
.	O

Virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
predominantly	O
occurs	O
on	O
the	O
rough	B-COMP
endoplasmic	I-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
RER	B-COMP
),	O
both	O
perinuclear	O
and	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
.	O

Pleomorphic	O
double	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
bound	O
vesicles	B-COMP
(	O
DMV	O
),	O
measuring	O
roughly	O
140	O
to	O
210	O
nm	O
in	O
diameter	O
,	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
key	O
morphologic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
NL63	O
infection	B-DISO
observed	O
by	O
TEM	B-COMP
analysis	O
.	O

We	O
now	O
report	O
that	O
an	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
mutant	B-DISO
harboring	O
two	O
persistence	O
-	O
associated	O
S	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
(	O
H183R	O
and	O
Y241H	O
),	O
induced	O
a	O
stronger	O
unfolded	O
protein	B-CHED
response	O
(	O
UPR	O
)	O
and	O
translation	B-PROC
attenuation	O
in	O
infected	O
human	B-SPEC
neurons	B-ANAT
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
major	O
contribution	O
of	O
the	O
IRE1	B-PRGE
/	O
XBP1	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
followed	O
by	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
activation	O
and	O
nuclear	O
fragmentation	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
no	O
significant	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
ATF6	B-PRGE
and	O
eIF2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
/	O
ATF4	B-PRGE
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
N176A	O
,	O
N237A	O
,	O
and	O
N176A	O
/	O
N237A	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
viable	O
,	O
and	O
N176	O
and	O
N237	O
were	O
glycosylated	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
wt	O
)	O
and	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
results	O
also	O
support	O
the	O
conclusion	O
that	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
DMVs	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
efficient	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
optimal	O
replication	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
disease	O
is	O
an	O
acute	O
,	O
highly	O
contagious	O
enteric	O
disease	O
that	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
depression	B-DISO
,	O
anorexia	B-DISO
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
in	O
commercial	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
new	O
variants	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Tunisia	O
.	O

Thereafter	O
,	O
six	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
assigned	O
randomly	O
into	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
group	O
,	O
whereas	O
another	O
six	O
animals	B-SPEC
served	O
as	O
control	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
levels	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
substantially	O
increased	O
,	O
returned	O
to	O
basal	O
values	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
severe	O
disease	O
is	O
correlated	O
with	O
slow	O
kinetics	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
clearance	O
and	O
delayed	O
activation	O
and	O
transit	O
of	O
respiratory	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
rDC	B-DISO
)	O
to	O
the	O
draining	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
(	O
DLN	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
consequent	O
deficient	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
.	O

Inhibitory	O
AMs	B-DISO
are	O
believed	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
environmental	O
antigens	B-CHED
and	O
allergic	O
responses	O
by	O
interacting	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
dendritic	B-COMP
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
of	O
AM	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
nullified	O
if	O
mice	B-SPEC
or	O
AMs	B-DISO
are	O
pretreated	O
with	O
poly	O
I	O
:	O
C	O
,	O
which	O
directly	O
activate	O
AMs	B-DISO
and	O
rDCs	O
through	O
toll	O
-	O
like	O
receptors	O
3	O
(	O
TLR3	B-PRGE
).	O

The	O
infection	B-DISO
largely	O
mimicked	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
,	O
but	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
lacked	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
efficacy	O
against	O
v2163	O
was	O
shown	O
with	O
known	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
.	O

In	O
v2163	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
Ampligen	O
was	O
fully	O
protective	O
,	O
stinging	B-PRGE
nettle	I-PRGE
lectin	I-PRGE
(	O
UDA	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
partially	O
protective	O
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
was	O
disputable	O
and	O
possibly	O
exacerbated	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
EP128533	O
was	O
inactive	O
.	O

Ribavirin	O
,	O
UDA	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
Ampligen	O
decreased	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
expression	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
].	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

By	O
comparing	O
and	O
contrasting	O
the	O
outcomes	O
of	O
an	O
emerging	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
those	O
of	O
closely	O
related	O
pathogens	O
in	O
different	O
but	O
related	O
host	B-COMP
species	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
can	O
further	O
delineate	O
the	O
various	O
host	B-COMP
pathways	B-PROC
determining	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
and	O
adaptation	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
newly	O
invaded	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
young	O
piglets	O
,	O
growing	O
16	O
-	O
20	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
finisher	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
mature	O
third	O
parity	O
sows	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
virulent	O
or	O
attenuated	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
were	O
monitored	O
over	O
time	O
.	O

Prolonged	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
due	O
to	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
-	O
mediated	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
elicit	O
a	O
specific	O
IFN	B-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
response	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
adult	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

While	O
mAb	O
341C	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
a	O
mostly	O
linear	O
epitope	B-CHED
composed	O
of	O
residues	O
(	O
507	O
)	O
PAT	B-DISO
(	O
509	O
)	O
and	O
V	O
(	O
349	O
),	O
mAb	O
240C	O
binds	O
to	O
an	O
epitope	B-CHED
that	O
partially	O
overlaps	O
the	O
former	O
by	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
residues	O
(	O
P	O
(	O
507	O
)	O
and	O
A	O
(	O
508	O
)).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
by	O
the	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
experiences	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
survivors	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

Caregivers	O
'	O
interviews	O
revealed	O
substantial	O
strain	O
from	O
caregiving	O
responsibilities	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
frequent	O
symptom	B-DISO
minimization	O
by	O
patients	O
.	O

Usually	O
,	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
domains	O
are	O
readily	O
identifiable	O
by	O
comparative	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
,	O
but	O
biochemical	O
confirmation	O
and	O
characterization	O
can	O
be	O
hampered	O
by	O
intrinsic	O
protein	B-CHED
properties	O
and	O
technical	O
complications	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
unscramble	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
protein	O
function	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
structure	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
similarity	O
from	O
different	O
aspects	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
post	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
streptococcal	I-DISO
glomerulonephritis	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
of	O
French	O
Polynesia	O
:	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
year	O
retrospective	O
study	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
post	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
streptococcal	I-DISO
glomerulonephritis	I-DISO
is	O
endemic	O
among	O
French	O
Polynesians	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
population	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
ELISA	O
based	O
on	O
recombinant	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
S	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
virus	B-SPEC
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
canine	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
female	O
and	O
male	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
received	O
the	O
high	O
dose	O
experienced	O
a	O
16	O
%	O
and	O
8	O
%	O
incidence	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
of	O
fatal	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
established	O
a	O
safe	O
dose	O
range	O
and	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
feasibility	O
of	O
prolonged	O
,	O
repeated	O
dosing	O
of	O
pf	O
-	O
tPA	B-FUNC
.	O

High	O
doses	O
(>	O
or	O
=	O
1mg	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
d	O
)	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
that	O
may	O
be	O
due	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
to	O
accumulation	O
of	O
drug	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
NIPPV	O
in	O
vivax	O
-	O
malaria	B-PATH
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
good	O
outcome	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
and	O
spontaneous	B-DISO
bacterial	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
SBP	O
),	O
early	O
use	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
and	O
intravenous	O
albumin	B-PRGE
administration	O
decreases	O
the	O
risk	O
for	O
developing	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
improves	O
survival	O
.	O

These	O
treatments	O
include	O
recombinant	O
human	B-SPEC
activated	O
C	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
protective	O
-	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Other	O
treatments	O
should	O
be	O
evaluated	O
in	O
the	O
cirrhotic	O
population	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
including	O
the	O
early	O
use	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
in	O
""""	O
non	O
-	O
SBP	O
""""	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
vasopressor	O
therapy	O
,	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
,	O
renal	B-ANAT
-	O
replacement	O
therapy	O
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
support	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
selective	O
decontamination	O
of	O
the	O
digestive	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
or	O
oropharynx	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
promotes	O
membrane	B-COMP
rearrangement	B-PROC
and	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
of	O
the	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
ORF	B-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
using	O
a	O
3a	O
-	O
deficient	O
strain	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
of	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
after	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
reduced	O
upon	O
deletion	O
of	O
ORF	B-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
ORF	B-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
is	O
both	O
necessary	O
and	O
sufficient	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
induced	O
Golgi	B-COMP
fragmentation	B-DISO
and	O
that	O
the	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
accumulates	O
and	O
localizes	O
to	O
vesicles	O
containing	O
markers	O
for	O
late	O
endosomes	O
.	O

Most	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
had	O
no	O
detectable	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FCoVs	O
)	O
and	O
had	O
seemingly	O
cleared	O
the	O
primary	O
FECV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
migration	B-PROC
has	O
occurred	O
for	O
centuries	O
and	O
will	O
continue	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
threats	O
posed	O
by	O
microbes	O
.	O

Other	O
medical	O
concerns	O
include	O
recurrent	O
oral	B-ANAT
staphylococcal	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
otitis	B-DISO
media	I-DISO
,	O
ocular	B-DISO
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
keratitis	B-DISO
,	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
steroid	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
gastritis	B-DISO
,	O
steroid	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
cataracts	B-DISO
,	O
recurrent	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
pharyngitis	I-DISO
.	O

DNA	O
sequencing	O
showed	O
a	O
novel	O
signal	B-PRGE
transducer	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
activator	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
)	O
gene	B-PROC
mutation	I-PROC
within	O
intron	O
12	O
,	O
specifically	O
adenine	O
to	O
cytosine	B-CHED
,	O
two	O
base	B-FUNC
pairs	I-FUNC
upstream	O
of	O
exon	O
13	O
.	O

PTSD	B-DISO
occurs	O
in	O
a	O
significant	O
percentage	O
of	O
subjects	O
who	O
recover	B-PROC
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
PTSD	B-DISO
predicts	O
persistent	O
psychological	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
diminished	O
social	O
functioning	O
in	O
the	O
4	O
years	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Community	O
-	O
acquired	O
methicillin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

Migration	B-PROC
of	O
PMNs	O
to	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
coincided	O
with	O
increased	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
transcripts	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
CXCR2	B-PRGE
ELR	I-PRGE
-	O
positive	O
chemokine	O
ligands	O
CXCL1	B-PRGE
,	O
CXCL2	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
CXCL5	B-PRGE
within	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
JHMV	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CXCR2	I-PRGE
blocking	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
reduced	O
PMN	B-PROC
trafficking	B-PROC
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
by	O
>	O
95	O
%,	O
dampened	O
MMP	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
9	I-PROC
activity	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
abrogated	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
brain	B-ANAT
-	O
barrier	O
(	O
BBB	B-CHED
)	O
breakdown	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
then	O
investigate	O
the	O
novel	O
and	O
exciting	O
possibilities	O
of	O
targeting	B-PROC
tetraspanins	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
using	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
recombinant	O
EC2	O
domains	O
,	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
mimetics	O
,	O
and	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
for	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	O
pneumonia	O
:	O
a	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
of	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
.	O

For	O
each	O
outcome	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
Grading	O
of	O
Recommendations	O
Assessments	O
,	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
Evaluation	O
(	O
GRADE	O
)	O
criteria	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
evidence	O
.	O

The	O
drowning	O
especially	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
fresh	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
(	O
71	O
%),	O
particularly	O
in	O
swimming	B-PROC
pools	O
(	O
51	O
.	O
8	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
analyzed	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FIV	B-SPEC
)-	O
infected	O
and	O
uninfected	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Persistent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FCoVs	O
)	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
highly	O
lethal	O
,	O
immunopathological	O
disease	O
termed	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

Type	O
II	O
FCoVs	O
can	O
be	O
propagated	O
to	O
high	O
titers	O
by	O
employing	O
feline	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
fAPN	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
propagation	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
FCoVs	I-PRGE
is	O
usually	O
difficult	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
fAPN	B-PRGE
as	I-PRGE
a	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
is	O
controversial	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
observed	O
that	O
recombinant	O
FCoVs	O
display	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
plaque	B-DISO
phenotype	O
and	O
,	O
unexpectedly	O
,	O
accelerated	O
growth	B-PROC
kinetics	O
indistinguishable	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
FCoV	I-PRGE
strain	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
.	O

By	O
day	O
7	O
,	O
histopathologic	O
evidence	O
of	O
pneumonitis	B-DISO
was	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
when	O
viral	O
clearance	O
occurred	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Over	O
the	O
past	O
30	O
years	O
,	O
several	O
cross	O
-	O
species	O
transmission	O
events	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
changes	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
have	O
mediated	O
significant	O
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
diseases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
fibrosis	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
H5N1	B-DISO
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

At	O
acute	O
stage	O
,	O
infected	O
-	O
mice	B-SPEC
showed	O
typical	O
diffuse	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
inflammatory	O
cellular	B-PROC
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
and	O
interstitial	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
on	O
day	O
7	O
postinoculation	O
.	O

At	O
restoration	O
stage	O
,	O
most	O
infected	O
-	O
mice	B-SPEC
developed	O
PF	O
of	O
different	O
severities	O
on	O
day	O
30	O
postinoculation	O
,	O
and	O
18	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
survived	O
mice	B-SPEC
underwent	O
severe	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
and	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
fibrosis	B-DISO
with	O
thickened	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
walls	O
,	O
collapsed	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
and	O
large	O
fibrotic	O
areas	O
.	O

The	O
dry	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
to	O
-	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
ratio	O
was	O
significantly	O
increased	O
in	O
infected	O
group	O
,	O
which	O
might	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
PF	O
in	O
H5N1	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
the	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
humanized	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CXCL8	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
prevented	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
in	O
association	O
with	O
alleviated	O
ALI	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Many	O
intrahospital	O
exposures	O
,	O
including	O
aspiration	B-DISO
,	O
delayed	O
resuscitation	O
,	O
high	O
tidal	O
volume	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
non	O
critical	O
use	O
of	O
transfusions	O
may	O
contribute	O
or	O
worsen	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serosurvey	O
of	O
selected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
captive	O
giant	B-SPEC
pandas	B-DISO
(	O
Ailuropoda	B-SPEC
melanoleuca	I-SPEC
)	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Serum	O
samples	O
from	O
92	O
giant	B-SPEC
pandas	B-DISO
in	O
three	O
captive	O
facilities	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
five	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
carnivores	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
significant	O
mortality	O
.	O

A	O
typical	O
clinical	O
feature	O
associated	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
failure	O
.	O

A	O
specific	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
for	O
detection	O
and	O
quantitation	O
of	O
TCoV	O
in	O
the	O
turkey	B-SPEC
tissues	B-ANAT
was	O
developed	O
using	O
a	O
dual	O
-	O
labeled	O
fluorescent	B-CHED
probe	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
assay	O
was	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
and	O
could	O
quantitate	O
between	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
10	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
copies	O
/	O
microl	O
of	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Dose	O
of	O
glucocorticosteroids	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

Glococoticostecoids	O
were	O
used	O
in	O
59	O
.	O
56	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
gain	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
molecular	O
basis	O
of	O
protease	O
cleavage	B-PROC
and	O
its	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
viral	O
entry	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
a	O
recombinant	O
native	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
S	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
trimer	O
(	O
triSpike	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
to	O
cleavage	B-PROC
by	O
various	O
airway	B-ANAT
proteases	O
.	O

The	O
R667A	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoVpp	O
mutant	B-DISO
exhibited	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
enhancement	O
following	O
protease	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
A	O
virus	O
-	O
associated	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
:	O
response	O
to	O
combination	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
and	O
prolonged	O
corticosteroid	O
treatment	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
confirmed	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
had	O
similar	O
disease	O
severity	O
at	O
presentation	O
and	O
a	O
comparable	O
response	O
to	O
treatment	O
.	O

At	O
auscultation	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
fine	O
rales	B-DISO
were	O
heard	O
over	O
both	O
lungs	B-ANAT
with	O
diminished	O
percussion	O
sounds	O
basal	O
.	O

An	O
antifungal	B-CHED
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
(	O
voriconazol	O
,	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
started	O
and	O
a	O
cortisone	B-CHED
pulse	B-PROC
was	O
attempted	O
.	O

This	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
most	O
frequently	O
associated	O
with	O
hematopoietic	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
high	O
growth	B-PROC
fraction	O
,	O
including	O
acute	B-DISO
leukemias	I-DISO
and	O
lymphomas	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
can	O
be	O
encountered	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
nonhematopoietic	O
solid	B-DISO
tumors	I-DISO
.	O

Recombinant	B-PRGE
urate	I-PRGE
oxidase	I-PRGE
(	O
rasburicase	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
newer	O
agent	O
that	O
directly	O
cleaves	O
uric	O
acid	O
.	O

In	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
problem	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
housed	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Update	O
on	O
cutaneous	O
manifestations	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
of	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
for	O
novel	O
H1N1	O
virus	B-SPEC
revealed	O
positive	O
results	O
.	O

The	O
ICU	O
cohort	O
of	O
47	O
influenza	B-DISO
patients	O
had	O
a	O
median	O
age	O
of	O
34	O
years	O
,	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
score	O
of	O
21	O
,	O
and	O
BMI	O
of	O
35	O
kg	O
/	O
m2	O
.	O

All	O
eight	O
deaths	B-PROC
occurred	O
among	O
the	O
64	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
30	O
)	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
26	O
(	O
87	O
%)	O
of	O
whom	O
also	O
developed	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
a	O
common	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
assessed	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
and	O
antigenic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
a	O
K	O
-	O
IIb	O
type	O
field	O
strain	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
that	O
emerged	O
in	O
Korea	O
since	O
2003	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Kr	O
/	O
Q43	O
/	O
06	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
document	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
antigenic	O
variant	O
of	O
nephropathogenic	O
IBV	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
from	O
Korea	O
.	O

Fluid	O
management	O
optimization	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
inflammation	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
stretching	O
are	O
currently	O
recommended	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
renal	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

It	O
can	O
be	O
concluded	O
from	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
that	O
vaccination	O
with	O
a	O
live	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
synoviae	I-SPEC
vaccine	O
reduces	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
synoviae	I-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
EAA	O
significantly	O
.	O

The	O
resultant	O
subset	O
was	O
greater	O
than	O
98	O
%	O
homogeneous	O
in	O
regards	O
to	O
the	O
selected	O
phenotype	O
and	O
contained	O
the	O
preponderance	O
of	O
individuals	O
secreting	B-PROC
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
after	O
exposure	O
to	O
a	O
known	O
stimulant	O
,	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
).	O

While	O
a	O
substantial	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
response	O
was	O
also	O
elicited	O
from	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
pDCs	O
by	O
pseudorabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PrV	B-DISO
),	O
swine	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
SIV	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
TLR7	O
and	O
9	O
agonists	B-CHED
,	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
agent	O
-	O
dependent	O
induction	O
of	O
varying	O
amounts	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
12	I-FUNC
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evidence	O
lost	B-CHED
to	O
treatment	O
of	O
critically	O
-	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
?	O

Along	O
with	O
grading	O
the	O
available	O
evidence	O
,	O
implementing	O
new	O
therapies	O
and	O
strategies	O
in	O
daily	O
practice	O
is	O
another	O
important	O
but	O
frequently	O
forgotten	O
step	O
in	O
improving	O
care	O
for	O
critically	O
-	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
remodeling	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Factors	O
influencing	O
progression	O
to	O
fibroproliferative	O
ARDS	B-DISO
versus	O
resolution	O
and	O
reconstitution	O
of	O
the	O
normal	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
parenchymal	O
architecture	O
are	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

Abnormal	O
repair	B-PROC
and	O
remodeling	O
may	O
be	O
profoundly	O
affected	O
by	O
both	O
environmental	O
and	O
genetic	O
factors	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
explore	O
recent	O
advances	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
fibroproliferative	O
ARDS	B-DISO
/	O
ALI	O
,	O
with	O
special	O
emphasis	O
on	O
1	O
)	O
the	O
physiological	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
extracellular	B-COMP
matrix	I-COMP
,	O
2	O
)	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
remodeling	O
,	O
3	O
)	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
on	O
lung	B-ANAT
fibrotic	O
response	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
therapeutic	O
interventions	O
in	O
the	O
remodeling	O
process	O
.	O

Recent	O
epidemiological	O
evidence	O
has	O
pointed	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
trigger	O
to	O
initiating	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
damage	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Clinically	O
it	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
spiking	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
arthritis	B-DISO
,	O
rash	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
multiple	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

Treatment	O
includes	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
steroid	B-CHED
antirheumatic	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
and	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
46	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
withARDS	O
after	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
whose	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
was	O
surprisingly	O
improved	O
1	O
hour	O
after	O
using	O
volume	O
-	O
controlled	O
inverse	O
ratio	O
ventilation	O
(	O
VC	O
-	O
IRV	B-PROC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antibody	B-FUNC
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
mapping	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
domain	I-PRGE
by	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
yeast	O
surface	O
display	O
and	O
phage	O
peptide	B-CHED
library	O
screening	O
.	O

Using	O
these	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
phage	O
peptide	B-CHED
library	O
screening	O
identified	O
10	O
distinct	O
mimotopes	O
12	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
in	O
length	O
.	O

Yeast	B-SPEC
surface	O
display	O
combined	O
with	O
phage	O
peptide	B-CHED
library	O
screening	O
provides	O
a	O
convenient	O
strategy	O
for	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
epitope	B-CHED
peptides	B-CHED
from	O
certain	O
antigenic	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
manifestations	O
in	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
are	O
considered	O
a	O
major	O
complication	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
are	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
.	O

Severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
involvement	I-DISO
was	O
defined	O
by	O
evidence	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
to	O
assess	O
independent	O
factors	O
related	O
to	O
mortality	O
and	O
found	O
:	O
Mechanical	O
ventilation	O
requirement	O
(	O
OR	O
27	O
.	O
85	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
and	O
ASAT	B-DISO
>	O
150	O
UI	O
/	O
L	O
(	O
OR	O
4	O
.	O
57	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

Severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
involvement	I-DISO
in	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
extensive	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
involving	O
other	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
169	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
involvement	I-DISO
in	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
extensive	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
involving	O
other	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Exogenous	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
replacement	O
combined	O
with	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
in	O
prevention	O
of	O
alveolar	O
derecruitment	O
in	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

PS	O
replacement	O
combined	O
with	O
RM	O
therapy	O
can	O
alleviate	O
VALI	O
and	O
is	O
more	O
effective	O
in	O
improving	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
treatment	O
of	O
bleeding	B-DISO
is	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
bleeding	B-DISO
!	O

Treatment	O
of	O
trauma	O
-	O
related	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
data	O
for	O
the	O
117	O
blunt	O
trauma	O
patients	O
who	O
survived	O
at	O
least	O
48	O
hours	O
after	O
receiving	O
study	O
treatment	O
shows	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
reducing	O
RBC	B-ANAT
requirement	O
,	O
rFVIIa	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
massive	O
transfusion	O
over	O
48	O
hours	O
(>	O
20	O
RBC	B-ANAT
units	O
)	O
(	O
relative	O
risk	O
reduction	O
of	O
56	O
%	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
:	O
9	O
%-	O
79	O
%];	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
fresh	B-ANAT
-	O
frozen	O
plasma	B-ANAT
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
036	O
),	O
platelet	B-ANAT
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
023	O
),	O
and	O
cryoprecipitate	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
053	O
)	O
requirements	O
within	O
48	O
hours	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
risk	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
patients	O
with	O
blunt	O
trauma	O
alive	O
at	O
48	O
hours	O
,	O
treatment	O
with	O
rFVIIa	O
effected	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
primary	O
endpoint	O
of	O
48	O
-	O
hour	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
(	O
RBC	B-ANAT
)	O
transfusion	O
requirement	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
safety	O
of	O
the	O
dosing	O
regimen	O
was	O
established	O
.	O

Seroprevalences	O
of	O
the	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
cheetahs	B-SPEC
were	O
below	O
5	O
%	O
for	O
all	O
nine	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
is	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
seroprevalences	O
in	O
nonvaccinated	O
captive	O
cheetahs	B-SPEC
and	O
those	O
for	O
five	O
of	O
seven	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
previously	O
studied	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
cheetahs	B-SPEC
from	O
north	O
-	O
central	O
Namibia	B-SPEC
(	O
L	O
.	O
Munson	O
,	O
L	O
.	O
Marker	O
,	O
E	O
.	O
Dubovi	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
A	O
.	O
Spencer	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
F	O
.	O
Evermann	O
,	O
and	O
S	O
.	O
J	O
.	O
O	O
'	O
Brien	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
Wildl	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
while	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
wild	O
carnivores	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
pathogens	O
,	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
seroprevalences	O
across	O
studies	O
mirrored	O
local	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
density	O
and	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
habitation	O
,	O
probably	O
reflecting	O
contact	O
opportunities	O
with	O
(	O
nonvaccinated	O
)	O
domestic	O
and	O
feral	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comprehensive	O
detection	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
seven	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	O
229E	O
with	O
a	O
microarray	O
hybridization	B-PROC
assay	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
extensive	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reaction	I-PROC
existed	O
between	O
CCoV	O
,	O
FCoV	O
,	O
FIPV	O
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
PRCoV	O
,	O
while	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reaction	I-PROC
between	O
BCoV	O
,	O
TCoV	O
and	O
HRCoV	O
.	O
The	O
ultimate	O
specific	O
gene	O
chip	O
was	O
developed	O
with	O
DNA	O
fragments	O
reamplified	O
from	O
the	O
chosen	O
recombinant	O
plasmids	O
without	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reaction	I-PROC
between	O
different	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
study	O
that	O
leads	O
to	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
HLA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
*	I-PRGE
0201	I-PRGE
-	O
restricted	O
epitope	B-CHED
from	O
conserved	O
regions	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
as	O
the	O
initial	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
using	O
propensity	O
score	O
analysis	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
add	B-DISO
strength	O
to	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
ribavirin	O
and	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
has	O
no	O
therapeutic	O
benefit	O
when	O
given	O
early	O
during	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
gingivostomatitis	B-DISO
(	O
FGS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
;	O
feline	B-SPEC
calicivirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FCV	B-CHED
),	O
feline	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
FHV	O
-	O
1	O
),	O
and	O
Bartonella	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
are	O
common	O
differential	O
diagnoses	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
majority	O
of	O
physicians	O
agreed	O
that	O
home	O
quarantine	O
of	O
contacts	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
probable	O
SARS	O
was	O
warranted	O
(	O
95	O
%),	O
government	O
'	O
s	O
public	O
education	O
effort	B-PROC
was	O
effective	O
(	O
83	O
%),	O
and	O
the	O
overall	O
Singapore	O
'	O
s	O
response	O
was	O
commendable	O
(	O
82	O
%).	O

Protection	O
measures	O
targeting	B-PROC
only	O
infected	O
patients	O
yielded	O
lowest	O
incremental	O
cost	O
/	O
death	B-PROC
averted	O
of	O
23	O
,	O
000	O
(	O
US	O
dollars	O
)	O
for	O
pandemic	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrated	O
our	O
methods	O
have	O
better	O
classification	O
capability	O
when	O
comparing	O
with	O
conventional	O
methods	O
including	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
linear	O
discriminant	O
(	O
FLD	O
),	O
K	O
-	O
nearest	O
neighborhood	O
(	O
KNN	O
),	O
linear	O
support	O
vector	O
machines	O
(	O
linSVM	O
)	O
and	O
radial	O
basis	O
function	O
based	O
support	O
vector	O
machines	O
(	O
rbfSVM	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Few	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
entirely	O
human	O
-	O
specific	O
:	O
Most	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
also	O
circulate	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
or	O
else	O
originated	O
in	O
nonhuman	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
multihost	O
ecology	O
of	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
leads	O
to	O
complex	O
dynamics	O
,	O
and	O
analytical	O
tools	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
mathematical	O
modeling	O
,	O
are	O
vital	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
control	O
policies	O
and	O
research	O
agendas	O
.	O

Much	O
attention	O
has	O
focused	O
on	O
modeling	O
pathogens	O
with	O
simpler	O
life	O
cycles	O
and	O
immediate	O
global	O
urgency	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
FCoV	O
X	O
domain	O
had	O
the	O
expected	O
macro	O
-	O
domain	O
fold	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
structure	O
of	O
this	O
domain	O
from	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
belonging	O
to	O
subgroup	O
1a	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
fluoride	I-CHED
gas	B-ENZY
inhalation	B-PROC
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
21	O
-	O
year	O
old	O
man	O
was	O
referred	O
to	O
our	O
hospital	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
diffuse	O
infiltrative	O
shadows	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
TACE	B-ENZY
antagonists	B-CHED
blocking	B-DISO
ACE2	O
shedding	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
are	O
candidate	O
antiviral	O
compounds	O
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
data	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
TACE	B-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
TAPI	O
-	O
2	O
attenuated	O
entry	O
of	O
both	O
pseudotyped	O
virus	B-SPEC
expressing	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
in	O
a	O
lentiviral	O
vector	O
backbone	B-ANAT
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
TAPI	O
-	O
2	O
blocked	O
both	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
shedding	O
of	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
receptor	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
TNF	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
alpha	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
.	O

Body	B-ANAT
weight	O
was	O
measured	O
,	O
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
from	O
the	O
dogs	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
experiment	O
for	O
the	O
measurement	O
of	O
hematology	O
,	O
fecal	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
(	O
Ig	O
)	O
A	O
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
,	O
circulating	O
IgA	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
canine	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
CCV	B-DISO
)-	O
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
.	O
There	O
were	O
no	O
differences	O
in	O
body	B-ANAT
weights	O
among	O
the	O
groups	O
,	O
but	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
counts	O
in	O
hematology	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
IgA	B-PRGE
were	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
receiving	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
casei	I-SPEC
expressing	O
cGMCSF	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
that	O
in	O
2	O
s	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
recruitable	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
may	O
be	O
open	O
when	O
a	O
proper	O
pressure	O
is	O
applied	O
.	O

A	O
large	O
outcome	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
higher	O
PEEP	B-CHED
might	O
provide	O
survival	O
benefit	O
in	O
a	O
subgroup	O
of	O
more	O
severe	O
patients	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
lower	O
PEEP	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
set	O
PEEP	O
in	O
each	O
individual	O
patient	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
expiratory	B-PROC
limb	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
pressure	O
-	O
volume	O
curve	O
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
.	O

Setting	O
PEEP	B-CHED
according	O
to	O
transpulmonary	O
pressure	O
has	O
a	O
robust	O
physiological	O
background	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
requires	O
confirmatory	O
study	O
.	O

Policies	O
of	O
school	O
closure	O
,	O
vaccination	O
and	O
antivirals	B-CHED
,	O
together	O
with	O
prophylactic	O
absence	O
from	O
work	O
are	O
evaluated	O
and	O
their	O
cost	O
impacts	O
are	O
estimated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
research	O
(	O
1983	O
-	O
2009	O
).	O

Bovine	B-SPEC
immunology	O
research	O
has	O
provided	O
more	O
specific	O
information	O
on	O
immune	O
responses	O
,	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
subsets	I-ANAT
and	O
cytokines	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
BHV	O
-	O
1	O
and	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
,	O
two	O
very	O
different	O
agents	O
that	O
primarily	O
cause	O
disease	O
in	O
the	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Apparently	O
,	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
,	O
once	O
recruited	O
to	O
the	O
RTCs	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
exchanged	O
with	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
present	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
or	O
at	O
other	O
DMVs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
strain	O
A59	O
,	O
causes	O
acute	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
and	O
chronic	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Previous	O
analysis	O
of	O
chimeric	O
recombinant	O
MHVs	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
,	O
encoding	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
that	O
mediates	O
viral	O
entry	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
to	O
-	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
was	O
exchanged	O
between	O
JHM	O
and	O
A59	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
spike	O
plays	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
determining	O
organ	B-ANAT
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
neurovirulence	O
but	O
that	O
other	O
genes	O
also	O
play	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
pathogenic	O
outcome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mental	O
morbidities	O
and	O
chronic	O
fatigue	B-DISO
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
survivors	O
:	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
psychiatric	O
morbidities	O
and	O
chronic	O
fatigue	B-DISO
among	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
are	O
the	O
suspected	O
natural	O
reservoir	O
hosts	B-COMP
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
and	O
emerging	O
zoonotic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
including	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Hendra	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Annexin	B-PRGE
A2	O
on	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
surface	I-ANAT
is	O
recognized	O
by	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
domain	O
2	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
previously	O
showed	O
that	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
S2	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
patient	O
sera	B-COMP
can	O
cross	O
-	O
react	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
autoantigen	O
is	O
not	O
yet	O
identified	O
.	O

Neither	O
admission	O
lactate	B-CHED
nor	O
glucose	B-CHED
was	O
able	O
to	O
predict	O
outcome	O
.	O

Gas	B-PRGE
exchange	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
device	O
averaged	O
155	O
(	O
116	O
to	O
182	O
)	O
mL	O
/	O
min	O
for	O
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
210	O
(	O
164	O
to	O
251	O
)	O
mL	O
/	O
min	O
for	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
.	O

Effective	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
includes	O
early	O
suspicion	O
,	O
prompt	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
early	O
institution	O
of	O
appropriate	O
antimalarial	B-CHED
chemotherapy	O
,	O
and	O
supportive	O
care	O
,	O
preferably	O
in	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

The	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
found	O
to	O
induce	O
serine	B-CHED
phosphorylation	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
alpha	O
-	O
receptor	O
subunit	O
1	O
(	O
IFNAR1	B-PRGE
)	O
degradation	O
motif	O
and	O
to	O
increase	O
IFNAR1	B-PRGE
ubiquitination	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
compare	O
a	O
protocol	O
for	O
DPA	B-CHED
against	O
a	O
protocol	O
for	O
diversion	O
in	O
severely	O
ill	B-DISO
critical	O
patients	O
with	O
intra	O
-	O
abdominal	B-DISO
sepsis	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
examining	O
112	O
patients	O
admitted	O
through	O
an	O
ICU	O
between	O
2002	O
and	O
2006	O
,	O
with	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
secondary	B-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
and	O
managed	O
with	O
staged	O
laparotomies	O
whom	O
required	O
small	O
-	O
or	O
large	O
-	O
bowel	B-ANAT
segment	O
resections	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
categorized	O
and	O
compared	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
surgical	O
treatment	O
necessitated	O
to	O
resolve	O
the	O
secondary	B-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
DPA	B-CHED
versus	O
diversion	O
).	O

There	O
were	O
30	O
patients	O
(	O
88	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
with	O
DPA	B-CHED
and	O
65	O
patients	O
(	O
83	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
with	O
diversion	O
discharged	O
alive	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
51	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Picornaviral	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
inhibitors	O
and	O
the	O
dual	O
3C	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
coronaviral	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	B-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emergence	O
of	O
a	O
group	O
3	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
through	O
recombination	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
evidence	O
that	O
recombination	B-PROC
can	O
directly	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
new	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
new	O
coronaviral	O
diseases	O
,	O
emphasizing	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
limiting	O
exposure	O
to	O
reservoirs	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
that	O
can	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
genetic	O
material	O
for	O
emerging	O
viruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Twenty	O
-	O
seven	O
strains	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
dead	B-PROC
or	O
diseased	O
chickens	B-SPEC
at	O
different	O
chicken	B-SPEC
farms	O
in	O
South	O
China	O
during	O
2004	O
-	O
2008	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
sequenced	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
protease	O
cleavage	B-PROC
motif	O
within	O
the	O
S1	O
protein	B-CHED
found	O
12	O
different	O
cleavage	B-PROC
motifs	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
3	O
motifs	O
are	O
shared	O
by	O
both	O
isolated	O
and	O
published	O
strains	O
,	O
2	O
motifs	O
unique	O
to	O
isolated	O
strains	O
,	O
and	O
7	O
motifs	O
unique	O
to	O
published	O
strains	O
,	O
further	O
bolstering	O
the	O
notion	O
of	O
no	O
new	O
predominant	O
strains	O
.	O

Use	O
of	O
systemic	O
steroids	B-CHED
was	O
associated	O
with	O
delayed	O
viral	O
clearance	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
and	O
H3N2	B-CHED
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Such	O
knowledge	O
is	O
however	O
critical	O
,	O
notably	O
for	O
predicting	O
population	O
compliance	O
with	O
non	O
pharmaceutical	B-CHED
interventions	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
early	O
enteral	O
feeding	O
is	O
a	O
protective	O
factor	O
for	O
EOVAP	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
result	O
could	O
have	O
clinical	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
EOVAP	O
after	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Among	O
hospitalizations	O
with	O
myocardial	O
disorders	O
,	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
severe	O
complications	O
ranged	O
from	O
13	O
.	O
2	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
myocardial	I-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
to	O
128	O
.	O
6	O
for	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
from	O
10	O
.	O
7	O
for	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
to	O
193	O
.	O
0	O
for	O
fluid	O
and	O
electrolyte	O
disorders	O
per	O
1	O
,	O
000	O
delivery	O
and	O
postpartum	O
hospitalizations	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vitamin	B-CHED
K3	I-CHED
attenuates	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
through	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
activation	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
effects	O
of	O
vitamin	B-CHED
K3	I-CHED
in	O
in	O
vitro	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
experiments	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
animal	B-SPEC
experiments	O
.	O

In	O
human	B-SPEC
embryonic	B-ANAT
kidney	B-ANAT
(	O
HEK	O
)	O
293	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
vitamin	B-CHED
K3	I-CHED
inhibited	O
the	O
tumour	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
factor	O
(	O
TNF	O
)-	O
alpha	O
-	O
evoked	O
translocation	B-DISO
of	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	O
)-	O
kappaB	O
into	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
,	O
although	O
vitamins	B-CHED
K1	O
and	O
K2	O
did	O
not	O
.	O

Sequence	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
CCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IIb	I-PRGE
strains	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
prototype	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
strains	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
and	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
ends	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
in	O
vitro	O
activity	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
protein	B-CHED
griffithsin	O
against	O
emerging	O
viruses	O
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
.	O

With	O
this	O
greater	O
understanding	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
biology	O
,	O
many	O
researchers	O
have	O
sought	O
to	O
identify	O
agents	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
risk	O
of	O
catching	B-DISO
H1N1	O
will	O
essentially	O
be	O
confined	O
to	O
passengers	O
travelling	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
cabin	O
as	O
the	O
source	O
case	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
risk	O
of	O
catching	B-DISO
H1N1	O
will	O
essentially	O
be	O
confined	O
to	O
passengers	O
travelling	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
cabin	O
as	O
the	O
source	O
case	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Our	O
estimated	O
SCCD	B-DISO
was	O
0	O
.	O
133	O
fewer	O
secondary	O
cases	O
per	O
quarantined	O
versus	O
non	O
-	O
quarantined	O
index	O
case	O
;	O
and	O
a	O
NNQ	O
of	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
exposed	O
individuals	O
to	O
be	O
placed	O
in	O
community	O
quarantine	O
to	O
prevent	O
one	O
additional	O
case	O
of	O
transmission	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
including	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
infection	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Most	O
of	O
the	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
MS	O
has	O
been	O
derived	O
from	O
murine	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
experimental	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
and	O
viral	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
supports	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
based	O
on	O
nitroxides	B-CHED
to	O
manage	O
neuroinflammatory	O
diseases	O
,	O
including	O
MS	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
17	O
children	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

If	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
are	O
administered	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
surveillance	O
,	O
avoidance	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
blockers	O
,	O
and	O
gradual	O
taper	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
are	O
recommended	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CLpro	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
cleaving	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyproteins	I-PRGE
at	O
11	O
sites	O
with	O
the	O
conserved	O
Gln	B-CHED
[	O
downward	O
arrow	O
](	O
Ser	B-COMP
,	O
Ala	B-CHED
,	O
Gly	B-CHED
)	O
sequences	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Gamma	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
signaling	O
in	O
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
is	O
critical	O
for	O
protection	O
from	O
neurotropic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
by	O
oligodendroglia	B-ANAT
reduces	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
but	O
affects	O
both	O
demyelination	B-DISO
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
destruction	O
in	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
specific	O
manner	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
12	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
boy	O
with	O
history	O
of	O
congenital	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
who	O
was	O
transplanted	B-ANAT
in	O
June	O
2001	O
.	O

Three	O
expression	B-PROC
plasmids	O
each	O
targeting	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S1	O
),	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	O
),	O
and	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
M	O
)	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
were	O
prepared	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Application	O
of	O
bioactive	O
mutant	B-PRGE
TNF	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
to	O
a	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
vaccine	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
].	O

Mucosal	B-ANAT
vaccines	O
administered	O
either	O
orally	B-ANAT
or	O
nasally	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
inducing	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
at	O
both	O
systemic	O
and	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
compartments	B-ANAT
.	O

At	O
SHC	B-PRGE
,	O
if	O
ATR	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
5	O
degrees	O
,	O
postero	O
-	O
anterior	O
radiograph	O
of	O
the	O
spine	B-COMP
was	O
done	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
3186	O
female	O
students	O
in	O
the	O
primary	O
level	O
,	O
aged	O
between	O
9	O
and	O
13	O
years	O
old	O
who	O
were	O
referred	O
to	O
SHC	B-PRGE
for	O
the	O
second	O
-	O
tier	O
screening	O
,	O
2438	O
attended	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
secondary	O
students	O
aged	O
between	O
12	O
and	O
13	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
1587	O
out	O
of	O
1720	O
students	O
attended	O
.	O

The	O
sequence	O
comparison	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
field	O
isolates	O
had	O
96	O
%	O
homology	O
with	O
a	O
few	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
.	O

GeneOrder	O
,	O
CoreGenes	O
and	O
CGUG	O
are	O
web	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
'	O
on	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
fly	B-SPEC
'	O
tools	O
that	O
examine	O
gene	O
order	B-SPEC
and	O
synteny	B-PROC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
proteomes	O
for	O
comparative	O
genomics	O
and	O
for	O
drug	O
discovery	O
and	O
design	O
targets	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
respiratory	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
early	O
after	O
HSCT	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
predictor	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
allo	O
-	O
LS	O
(	O
P	O
<.	O
0001	O
).	O

We	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
early	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
with	O
a	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
makes	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
a	O
target	O
for	O
alloimmunity	B-PROC
.	O

During	O
the	O
containment	O
and	O
early	O
mitigation	O
phases	O
of	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
-	O
origin	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
S	O
-	O
OIV	O
)	O
A	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
,	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
bundle	O
consisting	O
of	O
multiple	O
coherent	O
measures	O
was	O
organised	O
by	O
our	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
team	O
to	O
minimise	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
had	O
flu	B-DISO
like	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
most	O
presented	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
tachycardia	O
.	O

Such	O
frequent	O
recombination	B-PROC
,	O
coupled	O
with	O
rapid	O
evolution	B-PROC
especially	O
in	O
ORF7b	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
ORF8	I-PRGE
region	I-PRGE
,	O
in	O
these	O
animals	B-SPEC
may	O
have	O
accounted	O
for	O
the	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
and	O
emergence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Remarkably	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
they	O
utilize	O
distinct	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
lines	O
for	O
in	O
vitro	O
virus	B-SPEC
propagation	O
,	O
since	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
could	O
not	O
be	O
replicated	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
testis	B-ANAT
(	O
ST	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
native	O
porcine	B-SPEC
APN	O
(	O
pAPN	O
),	O
which	O
are	O
highly	O
susceptible	O
to	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
engineered	O
stable	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
,	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
recombinant	O
pAPN	O
expression	B-PROC
was	O
demonstrated	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
collected	O
from	O
43	O
PES	B-ANAT
cases	O
,	O
25	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
13	O
for	O
small	O
round	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
(	O
EM	O
).	O

Of	O
the	O
enteric	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
cases	O
by	O
EM	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
27	O
),	O
16	O
cases	O
had	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
or	O
small	O
round	O
viruses	B-SPEC
alone	O
and	O
the	O
remaining	O
11	O
cases	O
had	O
both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
8	O
(	O
19	O
%)	O
cases	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
a	O
single	O
virus	O
,	O
whereas	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
remaining	O
35	O
(	O
81	O
%)	O
cases	O
.	O

Fifteen	O
cases	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
all	O
3	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
second	O
case	O
is	O
a	O
15	O
years	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
26	O
.	O
5	O
weeks	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
,	O
who	O
suffers	B-DISO
a	O
generalized	O
paralysis	O
with	O
blood	B-PRGE
potassium	B-CHED
of	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
meq	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
,	O
requiring	O
also	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
respiratory	O
paralysis	O
;	O
the	O
final	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
Barterr	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
medical	O
profile	O
remited	O
after	O
potassium	B-CHED
supplement	O
.	O

In	O
-	O
silico	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
225	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
hCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
ORF	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
predicted	O
a	O
triple	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
spanning	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
detected	O
within	O
the	O
endoplasmatic	O
reticulum	B-ANAT
/	O
Golgi	B-COMP
intermediate	O
compartment	B-ANAT
(	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
)	O
where	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
assembly	O
and	O
budding	B-PATH
takes	O
place	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
-	O
silico	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
225	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
hCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
ORF	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
predicted	O
a	O
triple	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
spanning	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
porcine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
replication	O
in	O
mini	O
-	O
pigs	B-SPEC
by	O
shRNA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
of	O
the	O
xxist	O
century	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
novel	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
strain	O
.	O

During	O
winter	O
2009	O
-	O
2010	O
,	O
an	O
inflow	O
of	O
flu	O
-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
cases	O
is	O
expected	O
in	O
French	O
ICUs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
variation	O
in	O
MYLK	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
associations	O
were	O
observed	O
between	O
the	O
myosin	B-PRGE
light	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
single	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphisms	B-PROC
genotyped	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
increased	O
severity	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
From	O
March	O
to	O
July	O
2009	O
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	B-PATH
)	O
2009	O
(	O
H1N1	B-PATH
-	O
2009	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
that	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

A	O
small	O
proportion	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
developed	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
that	O
was	O
unresponsive	O
to	O
conventional	O
therapeutic	O
interventions	O
.	O

Four	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
pump	O
-	O
driven	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
vv	O
-	O
ECMO	O
),	O
and	O
two	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
pumpless	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
(	O
NovaLung	O
iLA	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
168	O
patients	O
in	O
Canada	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
ICUs	O
for	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
confirmed	O
H1N1	O
-	O
2009	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
quarantine	O
experience	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
-	O
based	O
fever	B-PROC
screening	O
station	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
phenomenologic	O
,	O
qualitative	O
study	O
using	O
semistructured	O
telephone	O
interviews	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Seventeen	O
patients	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
who	O
were	O
quarantined	O
in	O
the	O
fever	B-PROC
screening	O
station	O
of	O
a	O
hospital	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
2	O
hours	O
were	O
recruited	O
into	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

These	O
immune	O
complexes	O
associate	O
with	O
FcgammaRIIa	O
(	O
Fcgamma	O
IIa	O
receptor	O
)	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
a	O
low	O
-	O
affinity	O
receptor	O
for	O
IgG	B-PRGE
that	O
preferentially	O
binds	B-FUNC
aggregated	O
immunoglobulins	O
and	O
immune	O
complexes	O
.	O

To	O
shed	O
further	O
light	O
on	O
these	O
structures	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
performed	O
a	O
time	O
-	O
course	O
experiment	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)-	O
induced	O
membrane	B-COMP
rearrangements	O
were	O
examined	O
qualitatively	O
and	O
quantitatively	O
by	O
(	O
immuno	O
)-	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

With	O
our	O
approach	O
we	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
confirm	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
6	O
,	O
previously	O
reported	O
,	O
membranous	B-ANAT
structures	O
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
a	O
complete	O
infection	B-DISO
cycle	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
characterized	O
the	O
LVCVs	O
,	O
TBs	B-DISO
and	O
CMSs	O
,	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
CoV	O
-	O
induced	O
structures	O
appear	O
in	O
a	O
strict	O
order	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	O
epidemics	O
or	O
pandemics	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
infections	O
like	O
influenza	B-DISO
or	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
pose	O
a	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
threat	O
.	O

The	O
risk	O
of	O
bias	B-SPEC
for	O
the	O
four	O
RCTs	O
,	O
and	O
most	O
cluster	O
RCTs	O
,	O
was	O
high	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sudden	B-DISO
death	I-DISO
of	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1pdm	O
)	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
41	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
visited	O
our	O
hospital	O
with	O
a	O
fever	B-PROC
of	O
38	O
.	O
7C	O
.	O

She	O
was	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
nurse	O
with	O
no	O
underlying	O
disease	O
and	O
had	O
had	O
contact	O
with	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
elementary	O
school	O
students	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1pdm	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
1	O
week	O
earlier	O
.	O

She	O
was	O
prescribed	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
and	O
returned	O
to	O
the	O
hotel	O
where	O
she	O
was	O
staying	O
alone	O
.	O

The	O
next	O
day	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
found	O
dead	B-PROC
in	O
her	O
hotel	O
room	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
threat	O
that	O
is	O
life	O
threatening	O
to	O
pregnant	O
women	O
in	O
the	O
third	O
trimester	O
.	O

After	O
delivery	O
,	O
she	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
requiring	O
prolonged	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
yet	O
she	O
survived	O
and	O
has	O
recovered	O
.	O

Four	O
scientific	O
search	O
engines	O
using	O
12	O
search	O
sequences	O
identified	O
21	O
mask	O
studies	O
in	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Bordetella	B-SPEC
pertussis	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Legionnaires	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
LD	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
pneumophila	I-SPEC
(	O
LP	O
).	O

Immunocompetent	O
patient	O
,	O
male	O
,	O
53	O
-	O
year	O
old	O
,	O
with	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
LB	O
had	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
weakness	B-DISO
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
as	O
the	O
initial	O
symptoms	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
severe	O
pneumonias	B-DISO
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
consider	O
LD	O
in	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
perform	O
tests	O
with	O
aim	O
of	O
detecting	O
LP	O
and	O
apply	O
adequate	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
accomplish	O
positive	O
outcome	O
of	O
the	O
therapy	O
and	O
prevent	O
complications	O
.	O

Pumpless	O
systems	O
treat	O
lung	B-ANAT
failure	O
only	O
;	O
they	O
require	O
adequate	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
.	O

Anticoagulation	B-PROC
,	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
respiratory	O
variables	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Initial	O
serum	B-COMP
lactate	B-CHED
was	O
51	O
+/-	O

43	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
.	O
The	O
sequential	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
assessment	O
score	O
averaged	O
11	O
.	O
8	O
+/-	O

Respiratory	O
support	O
by	O
an	O
extracorporeal	O
device	O
used	O
as	O
last	O
resort	O
therapy	O
allows	O
rapid	O
stabilization	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
failure	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
patients	O
exhibited	O
severe	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
mean	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
ratio	O
(	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
to	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
ratio	O
)	O
of	O
74	O
+/-	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
was	O
purified	O
from	O
a	O
colon	B-ANAT
bacillus	B-SPEC
recombinant	O
.	O

Therefore	O
it	O
seemed	O
natural	O
to	O
expect	O
that	O
theoreticians	O
would	O
immediately	O
proceed	O
to	O
expand	O
this	O
mathematical	O
framework	O
both	O
because	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
handle	O
recurrent	O
single	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
has	O
always	O
been	O
a	O
priority	O
for	O
public	O
health	O
officials	O
and	O
because	O
theoreticians	O
often	O
try	O
to	O
push	O
the	O
limits	O
of	O
exiting	O
theories	O
.	O

Randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
of	O
INO	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
have	O
shown	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
physiologic	O
benefits	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
benefit	O
in	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
outcomes	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
conducted	O
on	O
individuals	O
attending	O
community	O
polyclinics	O
in	O
Singapore	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
of	O
July	O
2003	O
,	O
16	O
weeks	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
national	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
potential	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
lactic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
bacteria	B-SPEC
(	O
LAB	O
)	O
using	O
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-ANAT
and	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
models	O
of	O
non	O
tumor	B-DISO
origin	O
.	O

Highest	O
protection	O
effects	O
were	O
recorded	O
with	O
the	O
known	O
probiotics	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
rhamnosus	I-SPEC
GG	O
and	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
casei	I-SPEC
Shirota	O
against	O
both	O
RV	O
and	O
TGEV	O
,	O
while	O
notable	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
was	O
also	O
attributed	O
to	O
Enterococcus	B-SPEC
faecium	I-SPEC
PCK38	O
,	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
fermentum	I-SPEC
ACA	B-ANAT
-	O
DC179	O
,	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
pentosus	I-SPEC
PCA227	O
and	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
plantarum	I-SPEC
PCA236	O
and	O
PCS22	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
combination	O
used	O
.	O

A	O
variable	O
increase	O
(	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
50	O
%)	O
on	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
NO	O
(-)	O
and	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
(	O
ROS	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
obtained	O
when	O
LAB	O
strains	O
were	O
co	O
-	O
incubated	O
with	O
the	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
,	O
but	O
the	O
results	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
LAB	B-PRGE
strain	O
and	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
specific	O
,	O
apart	O
from	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
strains	O
which	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
induce	O
strong	O
ROS	B-CHED
release	B-PATH
in	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
S	O
-	O
OIV	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
the	O
benefit	O
of	O
a	O
multidisciplinary	O
care	O
network	O
].	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
following	O
case	O
:	O
a	O
23	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
patient	O
with	O
no	O
prior	O
medical	O
history	O
presented	O
a	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
that	O
required	O
high	O
frequency	O
oscillation	O
ventilation	O
and	O
finally	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

Ticks	B-SPEC
are	O
among	O
the	O
most	O
competent	O
and	O
versatile	O
arthropod	B-SPEC
vectors	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
because	O
ticks	B-SPEC
of	O
all	O
ages	O
and	O
both	O
sexes	O
remain	O
infectious	B-DISO
for	O
generations	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
reacquire	O
infections	B-DISO
from	O
reservoir	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

Today	O
,	O
ticks	B-SPEC
transmit	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
arthropod	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
borne	I-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
(	O
US	O
),	O
Lyme	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
LD	O
);	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
lethal	O
arthropod	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
borne	I-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
US	O
,	O
Rocky	B-DISO
Mountain	I-DISO
spotted	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
(	O
RMSF	O
).	O

Ticks	B-SPEC
have	O
also	O
become	O
frequent	O
vectors	O
of	O
emerging	O
zoonotic	O
diseases	O
in	O
the	O
Gulf	O
South	O
,	O
including	O
southern	B-DISO
tick	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
rash	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
STARI	O
),	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
lone	B-SPEC
star	I-SPEC
tick	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Maculatum	O
disease	O
,	O
transmitted	O
by	O
the	O
Gulf	O
Coast	O
tick	B-SPEC
.	O

An	O
increasing	O
incidence	O
of	O
emerging	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
,	O
endemic	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
existing	O
and	O
unanticipated	O
tick	B-SPEC
vectors	O
may	O
be	O
expected	O
.	O

Web	B-DISO
of	O
Science	O
and	O
PubMed	O
databases	O
were	O
searched	O
for	O
references	O
to	O
papers	O
on	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
/	O
flu	B-DISO
,	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
swine	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
/	O
flu	B-DISO
,	O
H1N1	O
,	O
and	O
pandemics	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
rSARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
DeltaE	O
is	O
an	O
efficacious	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
useful	O
if	O
SARS	B-DISO
recurred	O
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
were	O
considered	O
quite	O
healthy	O
but	O
the	O
majority	O
had	O
risk	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
smoking	O
,	O
obesity	B-DISO
or	O
hypertension	B-DISO
.	O

Key	O
words	O
:	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
death	B-PROC
rate	O
,	O
intensive	O
care	O
,	O
ventilator	O
therapy	O
,	O
ECMO	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
During	O
a	O
six	O
week	O
period	O
in	O
the	O
fall	O
of	O
2009	O
,	O
16	O
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
in	O
Iceland	O
with	O
confirmed	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Progressive	O
azotemia	B-DISO
and	O
oliguria	B-DISO
then	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
required	O
temporary	O
hemodialysis	O
.	O

His	O
partial	O
oxygen	B-CHED
level	O
gradually	O
increased	O
after	O
continuous	O
heparin	B-CHED
and	O
steroid	B-CHED
administration	O
.	O

Although	O
several	O
studies	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
superiority	O
of	O
Artesunate	B-CHED
,	O
this	O
drug	O
is	O
not	O
licensed	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
glycans	I-CHED
were	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
produced	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
their	O
structures	O
were	O
determined	O
by	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
matrix	O
-	O
assisted	O
laser	B-SPEC
desorption	O
/	O
ionization	O
(	O
MALDI	O
)	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
,	O
negative	O
ion	O
electrospray	O
collision	O
-	O
induced	O
dissociation	B-DISO
time	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
flight	B-PROC
mass	O
spectrometry	O
and	O
normal	O
-	O
phase	O
high	O
-	O
performance	O
liquid	O
chromatography	O
with	O
exoglycosidase	O
digestion	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
on	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
outcomes	O
of	O
educational	O
outreach	O
to	O
South	O
African	O
clinics	O
during	O
two	O
randomised	O
trials	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
determined	O
the	O
complete	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
genes	O
of	O
seven	O
Korean	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
largest	O
number	O
of	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
variations	O
was	O
accumulated	O
in	O
the	O
S1	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
hypervariability	O
in	O
the	O
isolates	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Angiotensin	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	O
),	O
a	O
first	O
homolog	O
of	O
ACE	B-PRGE
,	O
regulates	O
the	O
renin	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-PATH
by	O
counterbalancing	O
ACE	B-PRGE
activity	O
.	O

Accumulating	O
evidence	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
has	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
physiological	O
and	O
pathological	O
role	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
,	O
renal	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
systems	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Delayed	O
clearance	O
of	O
viral	O
load	O
and	O
marked	O
cytokine	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
pandemic	O
H1N1	O
2009	O
influenza	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
aged	O
macaques	B-SPEC
develop	O
more	O
severe	O
pathology	B-DISO
than	O
young	O
adult	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
even	O
though	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
levels	O
are	O
similar	O
.	O

Telomere	B-COMP
-	O
poor	O
or	O
telomere	B-COMP
-	O
free	O
'	B-ANAT
ghost	I-ANAT
'	O
nuclei	B-CHED
were	O
a	O
regular	O
finding	O
in	O
these	O
RS	O
cells	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hexokinase	B-ENZY
II	O
gene	O
transfer	O
protects	O
against	O
neurodegeneration	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
rotenone	B-CHED
and	O
MPTP	B-CHED
mouse	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
Parkinson	B-PATH
'	I-PATH
s	I-PATH
disease	I-PATH
.	O

The	O
placHK2	O
amplicon	O
vector	O
was	O
injected	O
into	O
substantia	B-ANAT
nigra	I-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
subsequently	O
administered	O
rotenone	B-CHED
or	O
MPTP	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
target	O
of	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
and	O
contains	O
3	O
regions	O
that	O
are	O
targeted	B-PROC
by	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
domains	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
identified	O
possible	O
interactions	O
between	O
the	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
domains	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
data	O
provide	O
a	O
mechanism	O
for	O
overcoming	O
neutralization	O
escape	O
by	O
use	O
of	O
broadly	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reactive	I-PROC
cocktails	O
of	O
cross	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
MAbs	O
that	O
recognize	O
residues	O
within	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
that	O
are	O
critical	O
for	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	O
influenza	B-DISO
H1N1	O
in	O
pregnancy	O
:	O
a	O
report	O
of	O
two	O
cases	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
free	O
thyroxine	B-CHED
(	O
T	O
(	O
4	O
))	O
levels	O
in	O
term	O
and	O
late	O
preterm	O
infants	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
would	O
be	O
inversely	O
related	O
to	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
Eligible	O
infants	O
included	O
those	O
had	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
35	O
weeks	O
of	O
gestation	B-PROC
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
or	O
nasal	B-ANAT
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
an	O
inverse	O
correlation	O
between	O
SNAP	B-FUNC
at	O
birth	B-PROC
and	O
fT	O
(	O
4	O
.)	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
clinical	O
phenotype	O
of	O
GBS	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
relation	O
with	O
preceding	O
C	O
jejuni	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
Bangladesh	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
prospective	O
matched	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
hospital	O
surveillance	O
including	O
100	O
patients	O
fulfilling	O
the	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Neurological	B-DISO
Disorders	I-DISO
and	O
Stroke	B-DISO
criteria	O
for	O
GBS	B-DISO
from	O
2006	O
to	O
2007	O
in	O
the	O
Dhaka	O
area	O
of	O
Bangladesh	O
.	O

GBS	B-DISO
affected	O
predominantly	O
young	O
adult	O
males	O
living	O
in	O
rural	O
areas	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
had	O
a	O
pure	B-FUNC
motor	O
variant	O
of	O
GBS	B-DISO
(	O
92	O
%)	O
with	O
relatively	O
infrequent	O
cranial	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
involvement	O
(	O
30	O
%).	O

Based	O
on	O
our	O
homology	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
kinase	O
domain	O
of	O
MLK3	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
region	O
containing	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
is	O
predicted	O
to	O
reside	O
on	O
a	O
flexible	O
solvent	B-CHED
-	O
accessible	O
loop	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
CC16	B-PRGE
and	O
KL	O
-	O
6	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
at	O
baseline	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
patients	O
without	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
and	O
KL	O
-	O
6	O
rise	O
with	O
potentially	O
injurious	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
may	O
serve	O
as	O
biological	O
markers	O
of	O
VALI	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
Delphi	O
panel	O
consisted	O
of	O
38	O
experts	O
from	O
22	O
countries	O
,	O
who	O
highlighted	O
the	O
necessity	O
to	O
test	O
plans	O
and	O
stressed	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
surveillance	O
measures	O
for	O
the	O
swift	B-SPEC
containment	O
of	O
communicable	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
and	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
detailed	O
triage	O
plans	O
in	O
national	O
pandemic	O
plans	O
.	O

Viral	O
RNA	O
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
region	O
(	O
1178	O
-	O
2073	O
genome	O
position	O
)	O
was	O
amplified	O
from	O
the	O
upper	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
and	O
from	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
of	O
poults	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
confirmed	O
the	O
identity	O
as	O
TCoV	O
.	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
description	O
of	O
TCoV	O
antigens	B-CHED
and	O
mRNA	B-CHED
in	O
upper	O
respiratory	O
tissues	B-ANAT
in	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Adult	O
Respiratory	O
Distress	O
Syndrome	O
results	O
from	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
different	O
initial	O
insults	O
,	O
including	O
trauma	O
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
aspiration	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
represents	O
a	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
findings	O
of	O
these	O
analyses	O
all	O
support	O
a	O
""""	O
golden	O
mean	O
""""	O
model	O
in	O
which	O
viruses	B-SPEC
use	O
both	O
programmed	O
ribosomal	B-PROC
frameshifting	I-PROC
and	O
translational	B-PROC
attenuation	I-PROC
to	O
control	O
the	O
relative	O
ratios	O
of	O
their	O
encoded	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
viral	O
proteases	O
can	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
further	O
processes	O
relevant	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Our	O
data	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
mAbs	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Three	O
of	O
the	O
chimeric	O
mAbs	O
retain	O
their	O
binding	O
specificity	O
while	O
one	O
conformational	O
mAb	O
,	O
F26G19	O
,	O
lost	B-CHED
its	O
ability	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
despite	O
high	O
level	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
cases	O
like	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
dominance	O
of	O
a	O
compact	O
RBD	O
antigenic	O
domain	O
and	O
the	O
central	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
may	O
inherently	O
create	O
immunoselection	O
pressure	O
on	O
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
evolve	O
more	O
complex	O
evasion	O
strategies	O
or	O
die	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Dual	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
PRV	B-DISO
-	O
A	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
seven	O
specimens	O
(	O
4	O
%)	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
death	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
patients	O
is	O
chronic	O
rejection	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
obliterans	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
BOS	B-DISO
).	O

Among	O
the	O
factors	O
analyzed	O
,	O
13	O
patients	O
(	O
72	O
%)	O
displayed	O
acute	B-PROC
cellular	I-PROC
rejection	I-PROC
and	O
nine	O
(	O
50	O
%)	O
gastroesophageal	B-DISO
reflux	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
GERD	B-DISO
)	O
diagnosed	O
by	O
pHmetry	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
BOS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
005	O
).	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
21	O
randomised	O
-	O
controlled	O
trials	O
have	O
enrolled	O
3	O
336	O
preterm	O
infants	O
<	O
34	O
weeks	O
of	O
gestation	B-PROC
for	O
iNO	B-PRGE
treatment	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
iNO	B-PRGE
treatment	O
does	O
not	O
reduce	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
bronchopulmonary	B-DISO
dysplasia	I-DISO
(	O
BPD	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
compared	O
to	O
controls	O
.	O

A	O
complex	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
causes	O
disseminated	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
hallmark	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

Minimizing	O
exposure	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
method	O
of	O
preventing	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Key	O
recommendations	O
included	O
specific	O
policies	O
and	O
guidelines	O
concerning	O
psychosocial	O
care	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
,	O
communication	O
strategies	O
and	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
various	O
resources	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
infections	O
are	O
among	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
diseases	O
of	O
growing	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
broad	O
range	O
of	O
microscopical	O
lesions	O
and	O
the	O
cases	O
were	O
characterized	O
as	O
acute	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
),	O
subacute	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
24	O
)	O
or	O
chronic	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
114	O
)	O
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
we	O
characterized	O
the	O
DUB	B-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
antagonism	O
activities	O
of	O
the	O
PLP	B-PRGE
domains	I-PRGE
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
to	O
determine	O
if	O
DUB	B-PRGE
activity	O
mediates	O
interferon	B-PRGE
antagonism	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
NL63	B-PRGE
PLP2	I-PRGE
deconjugated	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
(	O
Ub	B-PROC
)	O
and	O
the	O
Ub	B-PROC
-	O
line	O
molecule	O
ISG15	O
from	O
cellular	B-COMP
substrates	O
and	O
processed	O
both	O
lysine	B-CHED
-	O
48	O
-	O
and	O
lysine	B-CHED
-	O
63	O
-	O
linked	O
polyubiquitin	B-PRGE
chains	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
poses	O
a	O
major	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
global	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
no	O
positive	O
selection	O
pressures	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
those	O
variations	O
in	O
the	O
S1	O
genes	O
among	O
Taiwan	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
assess	O
the	O
in	O
vitro	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
intestine	B-ANAT
antimicrobial	B-CHED
peptides	B-CHED
(	O
SIAMP	O
)	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
45	O
chick	B-ANAT
embryos	I-ANAT
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
into	O
3	O
groups	O
,	O
15	O
for	O
each	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhaled	B-PROC
prostacyclin	B-CHED
in	O
combination	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
percussive	O
ventilation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
neonatal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
on	O
day	O
6	O
of	O
life	O
due	O
to	O
Toxoplasma	B-SPEC
gondii	I-SPEC
mimicking	O
septic	O
shock	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
persistent	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
,	O
neurological	O
distress	O
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
with	O
disseminated	O
intravascular	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
and	O
transaminitis	O
.	O

We	O
propose	O
that	O
administering	O
inhalable	O
insulin	B-PRGE
to	O
hyperglycemic	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
could	O
directly	O
reduce	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
while	O
reducing	O
circulating	O
glucose	B-CHED
levels	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Social	O
support	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
adjustment	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
:	O
the	O
mediating	O
role	O
of	O
self	O
-	O
care	O
self	O
-	O
efficacy	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
structural	O
equation	O
modeling	O
,	O
findings	O
showed	O
that	O
self	O
-	O
care	O
self	O
-	O
efficacy	O
completely	O
mediated	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
perceived	O
medical	O
staff	O
support	O
and	O
perceived	O
family	B-SPEC
/	O
friends	O
support	O
on	O
mental	O
health	O
status	O
.	O

The	O
model	O
achieved	O
a	O
satisfactory	O
fit	B-DISO
,	O
CFI	B-FUNC
=	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
,	O
NNFI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
,	O
RMSEA	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
,	O
and	O
explained	O
75	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
variance	O
in	O
mental	O
health	O
status	O
.	O

Excessive	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
to	O
necrotic	B-ANAT
debris	I-ANAT
might	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
these	O
measures	O
,	O
3	O
patients	O
(	O
43	O
%)	O
ultimately	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Clinicians	O
should	O
be	O
vigilant	O
for	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
to	O
progress	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
patient	O
demographics	O
,	O
including	O
younger	O
patients	O
without	O
baseline	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
suspicion	O
is	O
critical	O
,	O
especially	O
with	O
the	O
relative	O
insensitivity	O
of	O
rapid	O
testing	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
prompt	O
empiric	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

When	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
population	O
is	O
vaccinated	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
escapes	O
from	O
passive	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
by	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
region	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
target	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Using	O
population	O
genetic	O
theory	O
,	O
we	O
evaluated	O
the	O
probability	O
that	O
a	O
mutant	B-DISO
is	O
fixed	B-ANAT
in	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
population	O
.	O

We	O
simulate	O
the	O
adaptive	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
show	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
RBD	O
may	O
have	O
high	O
fixation	O
probabilities	O
in	O
the	O
vaccinated	O
host	B-COMP
population	O
.	O

15	O
.	O
6	O
years	O
;	O
75	O
%	O
men	O
)	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO2	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
150	O
mmHg	O
)	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
medical	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
MICU	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
What	O
degree	O
of	O
hypoxemia	O
is	O
tolerable	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
beings	O
?].	O

Seven	O
patients	O
(	O
20	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
required	O
partial	O
PA	O
reconstruction	O
with	O
autologous	O
pericardium	B-ANAT
patch	O
.	O

Five	O
patients	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
with	O
a	O
lower	O
lobe	B-ANAT
tumor	B-DISO
required	O
PA	O
reconstruction	O
with	O
artery	B-ANAT
flap	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
perioperative	O
mortality	O
was	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
and	O
1	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
on	O
postoperative	O
day	O
13	O
because	O
of	O
severe	O
bronchopleural	B-DISO
fistula	I-DISO
.	O

Quantum	O
dots	O
(	O
QDs	O
)	O
posses	O
unique	O
fluorescence	O
properties	O
that	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
explored	O
for	O
their	O
application	O
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
when	O
combined	O
with	O
direct	O
antibody	B-COMP
conjugation	B-PROC
or	O
streptavidin	O
-	O
biotin	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
systems	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
and	O
frequency	O
of	O
complications	O
in	O
adult	O
chickenpox	B-DISO
patients	O
admitted	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O

Full	O
blood	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
urea	B-CHED
,	O
electrolytes	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
sugar	O
were	O
done	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
patients	O
,	O
whereas	O
,	O
other	O
tests	O
were	O
carried	O
out	O
when	O
and	O
where	O
it	O
was	O
indicated	O
.	O

Children	O
usually	O
have	O
mild	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
occasionally	O
die	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Pathologically	O
,	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
had	O
grossly	O
visible	O
emphysematous	O
changes	O
with	O
""""	O
cysts	B-DISO
""""	O
up	O
to	O
2	O
mm	O
in	O
diameter	O
.	O

Ultrastructurally	O
,	O
type	B-ANAT
II	I-ANAT
pneumocytes	I-ANAT
had	O
numerous	O
lamellar	O
bodies	O
,	O
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
spaces	O
contained	O
fragments	O
of	O
type	B-ANAT
II	I-ANAT
pneumocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
extruded	O
lamellar	O
bodies	O
.	O

Linear	O
regression	O
analyses	O
between	O
the	O
average	O
polarities	O
and	O
the	O
folding	O
rates	O
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
chains	O
were	O
performed	O
for	O
alpha	O
-	O
helices	B-SPEC
and	O
beta	O
-	O
strands	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
joint	B-ANAT
study	O
group	O
on	O
cow	O
'	O
s	O
milk	O
allergy	B-PROC
was	O
convened	O
by	O
the	O
Emilia	B-SPEC
-	O
Romagna	O
Working	O
Group	O
for	O
Paediatric	O
Allergy	B-DISO
and	O
by	O
the	O
Emilia	B-SPEC
-	O
Romagna	O
Working	O
Group	O
for	O
Paediatric	O
Gastroenterology	O
to	O
focus	O
best	O
practice	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
management	O
and	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
cow	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
milk	I-DISO
allergy	B-PROC
in	O
children	O
and	O
to	O
offer	O
a	O
common	O
approach	O
for	O
allergologists	O
,	O
gastroenterologists	O
,	O
general	O
paediatricians	O
and	O
primary	O
care	O
physicians	O
.	O

Late	O
reactions	O
due	O
to	O
cow	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
milk	I-DISO
allergy	B-PROC
are	O
atopic	B-DISO
dermatitis	I-DISO
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
stools	B-ANAT
,	O
iron	B-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
anaemia	I-DISO
,	O
gastroesophageal	B-DISO
reflux	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
constipation	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
chronic	I-DISO
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
colic	B-DISO
,	O
poor	O
growth	B-PROC
(	O
food	O
refusal	O
),	O
enterocolitis	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
protein	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
losing	I-DISO
enteropathy	I-DISO
with	O
hypoalbuminemia	O
,	O
eosinophilic	O
oesophagogastroenteropathy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
comparative	O
epidemiologic	O
analysis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
Beijing	O
and	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
the	O
neurotropic	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
JHMV	O
)	O
develop	O
acute	O
and	O
chronic	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
with	O
histopathological	O
similarities	O
to	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

By	O
extension	O
,	O
decreasing	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
whether	O
by	O
Treg	O
transfer	O
or	O
by	O
otherwise	O
enhancing	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
milieu	O
,	O
could	O
contribute	O
to	O
improved	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
further	O
shows	O
that	O
an	O
imperfect	O
SARS	O
vaccine	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
blocking	B-DISO
efficacy	O
is	O
always	O
beneficial	O
in	O
reducing	O
disease	O
spread	O
within	O
the	O
community	O
,	O
although	O
its	O
overall	O
impact	O
increases	O
with	O
increasing	O
efficacy	O
and	O
coverage	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
observe	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
Qingyi	O
Decoction	O
(	O
QYD	O
)	O
in	O
treating	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
SAP	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
impacts	O
on	O
blood	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
),	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
and	O
8	O
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
).	O

The	O
incidences	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
severe	O
complications	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
intestinal	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
,	O
in	O
the	O
treated	O
group	O
was	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
and	O
5	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
respectively	O
,	O
while	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
12	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
18	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
showing	O
statistical	O
significance	O
between	O
groups	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Reference	O
sera	B-COMP
against	O
newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
bursal	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
H5	O
and	O
H9	O
subtypes	O
were	O
all	O
negatives	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
using	O
the	O
GICA	O
.	O

The	O
GICA	O
test	O
strip	O
is	O
a	O
reliable	O
and	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
on	O
-	O
site	O
surveillance	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Immunoglobulins	O
A	O
,	O
G	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	O
IgA	B-PRGE
,	O
G	O
and	O
M	O
)	O
types	O
of	O
anticardiolipin	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
examined	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

The	O
routine	O
examinations	O
of	O
prothrombin	B-PRGE
time	O
,	O
thrombin	B-PRGE
time	O
,	O
prothrombin	B-PRGE
activity	O
,	O
and	O
international	O
normalized	O
ratio	O
were	O
also	O
performed	O
.	O

The	O
titers	O
of	O
specific	O
IgA	B-PRGE
,	O
IgG	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
were	O
11	O
.	O
33	O
+/-	O

Coronaviruses	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
in	O
14	O
out	O
of	O
36	O
horseshoe	B-SPEC
bat	I-SPEC
(	O
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
hipposideros	I-SPEC
)	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
with	O
38	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
virus	B-SPEC
prevalence	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
closely	O
related	O
virus	O
sequence	O
in	O
GenBank	O
was	O
SARS	B-DISO
bat	B-ENZY
isolate	O
Rp3	B-DISO
/	O
2004	O
(	O
DQ071615	O
)	O
within	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
CoV	O
cluster	O
,	O
sharing	O
85	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
and	O
95	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
.	O

Spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
entry	O
events	O
.	O

The	O
entry	O
pathway	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
could	O
influence	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Here	O
an	O
outline	O
is	O
provided	O
of	O
basic	O
concepts	O
and	O
approaches	O
used	O
in	O
mathematical	O
modeling	O
and	O
parameterization	O
of	O
disease	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
ovo	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
remains	O
an	O
attractive	O
option	O
for	O
a	O
cost	O
effective	O
,	O
uniform	O
and	O
mass	O
application	O
of	O
vaccines	O
for	O
commercial	O
poultry	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
recombinant	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
expressing	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
nephropathogenic	O
IBV	B-SPEC
(	O
rAd	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
constructed	O
and	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
protective	O
efficacy	O
against	O
homologous	O
challenge	O
were	O
evaluated	O
after	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
.	O

The	O
construction	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
replicating	O
human	B-SPEC
adenovirus	B-DISO
vector	O
encoding	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
its	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
delivery	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
an	O
alternative	O
vaccination	O
strategy	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
is	O
relatively	O
resistant	O
to	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
fibroblast	I-ANAT
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
and	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
293T	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
type	O
II	O
was	O
detected	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
nested	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
in	O
all	O
11	O
puppies	O
,	O
whereas	O
1	O
puppy	O
presented	O
dual	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
CCoV	O
type	O
II	O
and	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
2	O
.	O

It	O
involves	O
scoring	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
source	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
surrogate	O
viruses	B-SPEC
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
overcome	O
the	O
challenges	O
of	O
working	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
available	O
data	O
on	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
survival	O
on	O
surfaces	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
when	O
high	O
numbers	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
deposited	O
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
MHV	B-SPEC
may	O
survive	O
for	O
days	O
on	O
surfaces	O
at	O
ATs	B-DISO
and	O
RHs	B-DISO
typical	O
of	O
indoor	O
environments	O
.	O

Strain	O
H165	O
has	O
been	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
safe	O
in	O
piglets	O
and	O
pregnant	O
sows	O
and	O
displays	O
efficacy	O
against	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
genomes	O
were	O
28	O
,	O
569	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
in	O
length	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tail	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
from	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
may	O
enhance	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
events	O
surrounding	O
the	O
pneumonic	B-DISO
plague	I-DISO
outbreak	O
of	O
1994	O
in	O
Surat	O
,	O
India	O
,	O
highlighted	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
public	O
to	O
be	O
kept	O
adequately	O
informed	O
about	O
an	O
incident	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Induction	O
of	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
-	O
inducible	O
protein	B-CHED
10	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
interferon	B-PRGE
alfacon	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
interferon	B-CHED
inducer	I-CHED
in	O
human	B-SPEC
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Several	O
mechanisms	O
involving	O
both	O
direct	O
effects	O
on	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
indirect	O
effects	O
via	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
might	O
exist	O
.	O

To	O
find	O
out	O
if	O
HCoVs	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
stools	B-ANAT
of	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
and	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
HCoVs	O
in	O
the	O
etiology	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
all	O
known	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
HCoVs	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
stools	B-ANAT
of	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
as	O
gastrointestinal	O
pathogens	O
in	O
children	O
appears	O
minor	O
,	O
since	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
findings	O
were	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
with	O
known	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
widening	O
indications	O
with	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
reducing	O
ventilator	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
VILI	O
)	O
is	O
still	O
controversial	O
.	O

In	O
some	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
virulent	O
virus	B-SPEC
mutants	O
induce	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
a	O
fatal	O
systemic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
can	O
develop	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
viraemia	B-DISO
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
all	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
and	O
most	O
structural	O
genes	O
shows	O
that	O
TW	O
IBV	B-SPEC
is	O
genetically	O
distinct	O
from	O
the	O
US	O
strain	O
and	O
more	O
similar	O
to	O
Chinese	O
(	O
CH	O
)	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
gene	O
of	O
TW	O
IBV	B-SPEC
presents	O
phylogenetic	O
incongruence	O
.	O

Occasionally	O
the	O
mother	O
has	O
a	O
substantial	O
proportion	O
of	O
abnormal	O
mtDNA	B-COMP
and	O
develops	O
severe	O
symptoms	O
in	O
adulthood	O
.	O

Outcomes	O
were	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
kidney	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
defined	O
using	O
RIFLE	O
(	O
risk	O
,	O
injury	O
,	O
failure	O
,	O
loss	O
,	O
end	O
-	O
stage	O
disease	O
)	O
criteria	O
or	O
need	O
for	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
therapy	O
.	O

A	O
chronic	O
treatment	O
with	O
corticosterone	B-CHED
downregulates	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
delayed	O
effects	O
of	O
chronic	O
stress	O
can	O
suppress	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Viroporins	O
E	O
from	O
mouse	B-PRGE
hepatitis	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
,	I-PRGE
6K	I-PRGE
from	I-PRGE
Sindbis	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	I-PRGE
NS4A	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
from	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
were	O
also	O
able	O
to	O
permeabilize	O
neighbouring	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
different	O
extents	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
New	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
related	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
fatal	O
outcome	O
].	O

A	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
operative	O
clinical	O
data	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
128	O
surgical	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
constrictive	I-DISO
pericarditis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
secrete	B-PROC
a	O
broad	O
range	O
of	O
interferons	O
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
which	O
confer	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
yet	O
uninfected	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
triggering	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
factors	O
.	O

These	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
more	O
pathogenic	O
and	O
replicated	O
to	O
higher	O
titers	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
lacking	O
both	O
IFN	B-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
than	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
single	O
IFN	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
defects	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
live	O
replication	O
-	O
competent	O
modified	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
Tiantan	O
(	O
MVTT	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
attractive	O
vaccine	O
vector	O
,	O
yet	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
its	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
pathology	B-DISO
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Contactors	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
symptom	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
following	O
the	O
contacts	O
were	O
investigated	O
via	O
questionnaire	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
32	O
highly	O
-	O
exposed	O
individuals	O
,	O
of	O
whom	O
13	O
developing	O
SARS	B-DISO
symptoms	O
after	O
contact	O
had	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
positive	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
24	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
ALI	O
,	O
effects	O
of	O
10	O
ppm	O
iNO	O
were	O
evaluated	O
during	O
controlled	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
SB	O
in	O
random	O
order	B-SPEC
.	O

Statistical	O
analysis	O
did	O
not	O
reveal	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
improvements	O
due	O
to	O
SB	O
alone	O
.	O

The	O
authors	O
conclude	O
that	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
iNO	B-PRGE
may	O
be	O
improved	O
by	O
unassisted	O
SB	O
during	O
BIPAP	O
but	O
not	O
by	O
assisted	O
SB	O
.	O

Thus	O
combined	O
iNO	O
and	O
unassisted	O
SB	O
is	O
possibly	O
most	O
effective	O
to	O
improve	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
in	O
severe	O
hypoxemic	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
assess	O
the	O
economic	O
impact	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
accurate	O
estimates	O
of	O
their	O
associated	O
effects	O
on	O
animal	B-SPEC
performance	O
are	O
needed	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
variation	O
in	O
individual	O
test	O
-	O
day	O
milk	O
yield	O
and	O
somatic	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
,	O
risk	O
of	O
reproductive	B-PROC
failure	O
after	O
first	O
service	O
of	O
dairy	O
cows	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
calves	O
and	O
heifers	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
BCV	B-SPEC
and	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
status	O
of	O
the	O
herd	O
.	O

For	O
this	O
purpose	O
,	O
serial	O
10	O
-	O
fold	O
dilutions	O
of	O
the	O
respective	O
inactivated	O
vaccines	O
were	O
prepared	O
and	O
groups	O
of	O
SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
were	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
a	O
double	O
dose	O
of	O
the	O
vaccine	O
dilutions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
disease	O
burden	O
caused	O
by	O
recently	O
identified	O
respiratory	O
viruses	O
like	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

This	O
number	O
reflects	O
522	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
children	O
in	O
Germany	O
per	O
year	O
.	O

RSV	B-SPEC
detection	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
was	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
viral	O
load	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
samples	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
and	O
viral	O
RNA	O
detection	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
was	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
adjusted	O
rate	O
ratio	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
;	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

Significant	O
positive	O
correlations	O
exist	O
between	O
sPLA2	B-PRGE
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
need	O
,	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
,	O
ventilatory	O
index	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Murray	O
'	O
s	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
.	O

Negative	O
correlations	O
were	O
also	O
found	O
between	O
sPLA2	B-PRGE
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio2	O
ratio	O
.	O

To	O
confront	O
emerging	O
viral	O
threats	O
,	O
nations	O
have	O
implemented	O
strategies	O
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
pandemics	O
and	O
to	O
control	O
virus	B-SPEC
spread	O
.	O

We	O
offer	O
examples	O
from	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
research	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
from	O
research	O
on	O
other	O
pandemics	O
of	O
our	O
time	O
-	O
HIV	O
/	O
AIDS	O
and	O
HCV	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
systems	O
biology	O
offers	O
one	O
possible	O
key	O
to	O
stopping	O
the	O
cycle	O
of	O
viral	O
pandemics	O
.	O

Control	O
pigs	B-SPEC
received	O
a	O
saline	O
infusion	O
,	O
whereas	O
ALF	O
pigs	B-SPEC
received	O
acetaminophen	B-CHED
intravenously	O
for	O
12	O
hours	O
to	O
maintain	O
blood	B-ANAT
concentrations	O
between	O
200	O
-	O
300	O
mg	O
/	O
l	O
.	O

Of	O
nine	O
pigs	B-SPEC
that	O
received	O
acetaminophen	B-CHED
,	O
four	O
survived	O
20	O
hours	O
and	O
two	O
survived	O
28	O
hours	O
.	O

A	O
marked	O
increase	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
AST	B-ENZY
(	O
471	O
.	O
5	O
+/-	O

1	O
g	O
/	O
dL	O
)	O
in	O
injured	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
ability	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
to	O
delay	O
SeV	O
-	O
mediated	O
ISG	O
production	O
may	O
partially	O
involve	O
limiting	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
)	O
to	O
function	O
as	O
a	O
transcription	B-PROC
factor	O
.	O

Transcription	B-PROC
from	O
an	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
responsive	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
was	O
partially	O
inhibited	O
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
;	O
however	O
,	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
was	O
transported	O
to	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
and	O
bound	O
DNA	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
superinfected	O
with	O
SeV	O
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
left	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
dramatic	O
decline	O
in	O
aortic	B-ANAT
flow	O
with	O
a	O
slow	O
decrease	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
flow	O
resulted	O
in	O
pressure	O
and	O
volume	O
loading	O
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	O
circulation	B-PROC
.	O

Genetic	O
association	O
analysis	O
of	O
this	O
SNP	O
with	O
clinico	O
-	O
pathologic	O
outcomes	O
in	O
824	O
serologic	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
-	O
336AG	O
/	O
GG	O
genotype	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
lower	O
standardized	O
lactate	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
LDH	B-PRGE
)	O
levels	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
-	O
336AA	O
patients	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
014	O
,	O
odds	O
ratio	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
40	O
).	O

The	O
relevance	O
of	O
these	O
findings	O
for	O
other	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
inflammatory	O
conditions	O
would	O
be	O
worth	O
investigating	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
visual	O
protein	B-CHED
chip	O
that	O
can	O
differentiate	O
the	O
antibodies	B-COMP
induced	O
by	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
infectious	B-SPEC
bursal	I-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
simultaneously	O
.	O

The	O
protein	B-CHED
chip	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
test	O
known	O
serum	O
samples	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
poultry	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
field	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
with	O
gastrointestinal	O
illness	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Clinical	O
samples	O
submitted	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
testing	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
December	O
2007	O
through	O
March	O
2008	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
as	O
a	O
group	O
are	O
not	O
commonly	O
identified	O
in	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
gastrointestinal	O
illness	O
.	O

No	O
stool	B-ANAT
samples	O
screened	O
positive	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
or	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
.	O

Based	O
on	O
ethnographic	O
data	O
from	O
participant	O
observation	O
in	O
a	O
chronic	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
patient	O
self	O
-	O
help	O
alliance	O
and	O
semistructured	O
interviews	O
with	O
its	O
30	O
members	O
,	O
I	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
participants	O
'	O
knowledge	O
perceptions	O
of	O
and	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
the	O
preventive	O
health	O
behaviors	B-PROC
against	O
H1N1	O
were	O
greatly	O
influenced	O
by	O
their	O
past	O
experiences	O
of	O
being	O
stigmatized	O
in	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
had	O
higher	O
acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluation	O
II	O
score	O
compared	O
to	O
survivors	O
(	O
29	O
.	O
2	O
+	O
or	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
3	O
vs	O
.	O
18	O
.	O
6	O
+	O
or	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
analysis	O
of	O
75	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
in	O
Qinghai	O
Province	O
].	O

In	O
8	O
patients	O
with	O
fungal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
anti	O
-	O
fungal	O
therapy	O
was	O
given	O
.	O

Patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
are	O
susceptible	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
case	O
with	O
severe	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
on	O
October	O
14	O
,	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
75	O
patients	O
(	O
47	O
.	O
78	O
%)	O
on	O
December	O
31	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
strains	O
that	O
induce	O
disease	O
in	O
several	O
organ	B-ANAT
systems	I-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Studies	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
indicate	O
that	O
both	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	O
responses	O
are	O
crucial	O
to	O
antiviral	B-CHED
defense	O
.	O

CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
,	O
are	O
crucial	O
for	O
viral	O
clearance	O
during	O
acute	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
persist	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
during	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Diabetes	B-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
rare	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
hemolytic	B-DISO
uremic	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
--	O
case	O
report	O
].	O

Routine	O
blood	B-ANAT
tests	O
showed	O
microangiopathic	O
anaemia	B-DISO
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
(	O
52000	O
/	O
ul	O
.)	O
and	O
uremia	B-DISO
.	O

Additional	O
factor	O
prone	O
to	O
thrombotic	O
events	O
was	O
the	O
4G	O
/	O
4G	O
genotype	O
responsible	O
for	O
increased	O
PAI	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
blood	B-ANAT
concentration	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
intensified	O
fibrinolysis	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
for	O
treatment	O
and	O
prophylaxis	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
recommended	O
and	O
its	O
use	O
has	O
climbed	O
steeply	O
although	O
there	O
is	O
little	O
data	O
available	O
on	O
its	O
benefit	O
in	O
critically	O
unwell	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Plasmapheresis	O
treatment	O
in	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
:	O
potential	O
benefit	O
over	O
intravenous	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
.	O

Despite	O
potent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
activity	O
,	O
sterile	B-DISO
immunity	B-PROC
is	O
not	O
achieved	O
,	O
and	O
MHV	B-SPEC
chronically	O
persists	O
within	O
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Continued	O
infiltration	B-DISO
and	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
lingering	O
viral	O
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
RNA	O
within	O
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
lead	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
demyelination	B-DISO
that	O
bears	B-SPEC
remarkable	O
similarities	O
,	O
both	O
clinically	O
and	O
histologically	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
ligand	B-PROC
and	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
are	O
closely	O
correlated	O
in	O
Mpro	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
mechanisms	O
responsible	O
for	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
remain	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

The	O
linear	O
motif	O
(	O
11	O
)	O
DSPAPIIKLGG	O
(	O
21	O
),	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
epitope	B-CHED
bound	O
by	O
2D2	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
this	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
correctly	O
folded	O
,	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
maintain	O
intact	O
conformation	O
and	O
authentic	O
antigenicity	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
RBD219	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CHO	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
has	O
great	O
potential	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
effective	O
and	O
safe	O
SARS	B-DISO
subunit	O
vaccine	O
.	O

Vaccination	O
against	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
including	O
H1N1	O
)	O
is	O
effective	O
and	O
strongly	O
recommended	O
for	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
.	O

Damage	O
control	O
orthopedics	O
(	O
DCO	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
the	O
minimally	O
-	O
traumatic	O
interventions	O
intended	O
to	O
provide	O
quick	O
stabilization	O
of	O
orthopedic	O
injuries	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
method	O
was	O
useful	O
,	O
convenient	O
and	O
efficient	O
for	O
rapid	O
identification	O
of	O
CTL	B-ANAT
epitopes	O
derived	O
from	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
will	O
be	O
possibly	O
applicable	O
for	O
other	O
pathogens	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
vaccine	O
.	O

The	O
emergency	B-DISO
preparedness	O
training	O
programme	O
was	O
effective	O
and	O
feasible	O
in	O
improving	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
rural	O
public	O
health	O
personnel	O
on	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
severe	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
preexisting	O
bleeding	B-DISO
is	O
still	O
a	O
contraindication	O
for	O
its	O
use	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
a	O
new	O
miniaturised	O
ECMO	O
device	O
(	O
PLS	O
-	O
Set	O
,	O
MAQUET	O
Cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
AG	O
,	O
Hechingen	O
,	O
Germany	O
)	O
and	O
performed	O
initially	O
heparin	B-CHED
-	O
free	O
ECMO	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
report	O
is	O
,	O
to	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
on	O
a	O
heart	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
patient	O
who	O
developed	O
H1N1	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
had	O
a	O
favorable	O
outcome	O
,	O
thus	O
generating	O
discussion	O
on	O
the	O
real	O
role	O
of	O
immunosuppressive	O
therapy	O
as	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
the	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Four	O
cohorts	O
of	O
arterial	O
blood	O
gases	O
(	O
ABGs	O
)	O
were	O
identified	O
with	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
>	O
300	O
,	O
300	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
>	O
200	O
,	O
200	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
>	O
100	O
,	O
100	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
.	O
Using	O
the	O
standard	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
(	O
PBW	O
)	O
equation	O
,	O
we	O
calculated	O
the	O
milliliters	O
per	O
kilogram	O
(	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
PBW	O
)	O
with	O
which	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
being	O
ventilated	O
.	O

Tidal	O
volumes	O
ranged	O
between	O
8	O
.	O
64	O
and	O
9	O
.	O
16	O
and	O
the	O
average	O
PEEP	B-CHED
varied	O
from	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
to	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
.	O
There	O
were	O
substantial	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
average	O
Fio	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
PIP	B-CHED
among	O
the	O
groups	O
,	O
59	O
%	O
to	O
91	O
%	O
and	O
22	O
to	O
29	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

This	O
suggests	O
that	O
type	O
I	O
,	O
II	O
and	O
III	O
interferon	O
signaling	B-PROC
play	O
minor	O
roles	O
in	O
regulating	O
SARS	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

There	O
might	O
have	O
a	O
local	O
outbreak	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
,	O
Oct	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Dec	I-PRGE
,	O
2007	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	B-PATH
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
].	O

Intensive	O
care	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
improvement	O
of	O
his	O
general	O
condition	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
reduction	O
of	O
his	O
chest	B-ANAT
abnormal	O
shadows	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
was	O
discharged	O
8	O
months	O
after	O
admission	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
4	O
-[(	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
-	O
dihydro	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
oxo	B-CHED
-	O
3H	O
-	O
indol	B-CHED
-	O
3	O
-	O
ylidene	O
)	O
amino	O
]-	O
N	O
(	O
4	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
dimethyl	B-CHED
-	O
2	O
-	O
pyrimidiny	O
)	O
benzene	B-CHED
sulphonamide	O
and	O
its	O
derivatives	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
Pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
Hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
Vero	O
and	O
Huh	O
5	O
-	O
2	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
breeder	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

Faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
all	O
flocks	O
at	O
1	O
week	O
of	O
age	O
and	O
then	O
every	O
other	O
week	O
until	O
the	O
poults	O
reached	O
9	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

Most	O
groups	O
of	O
broilers	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
level	O
of	O
IgM	B-PRGE
ELISA	O
positives	O
had	O
a	O
low	O
or	O
moderate	O
level	O
of	O
protection	O
against	O
challenge	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
ILT	O
,	O
aMPV	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
IB	O
):	O
are	O
they	O
ever	O
under	O
control	O
?	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
vaccines	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
approach	O
to	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
economically	O
important	O
poultry	O
viral	O
respiratory	O
diseases	O
infectious	B-DISO
laryngotracheitis	B-DISO
(	O
ILT	O
),	O
avian	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
aMPV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
).	O

Avian	B-SPEC
metapneumoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
rhinotracheitis	I-DISO
and	O
respiratory	O
disease	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
exists	O
as	O
4	O
subtypes	O
,	O
A	O
,	O
B	O
,	O
C	O
and	O
D	O
.	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
are	O
widespread	O
and	O
vaccines	O
work	O
well	O
provided	O
that	O
accurate	O
doses	O
are	O
given	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
all	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
patient	O
contacts	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
near	O
absence	O
of	O
transmission	O
(	O
seroprevalence	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
19	O
%)	O
resulting	O
in	O
asymptomatic	O
infection	O
in	O
this	O
representative	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
group	O
of	O
close	O
contacts	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
prevailing	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
strains	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
almost	O
always	O
led	O
to	O
clinically	O
apparent	O
disease	O
.	O

A	O
general	O
anesthetic	O
consisting	O
of	O
ketamine	B-CHED
and	O
etomidate	B-CHED
and	O
an	O
intravenous	O
infusion	O
of	O
remifentanil	B-CHED
were	O
used	O
to	O
provide	O
stable	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
and	O
analgesia	B-DISO
for	O
a	O
successful	O
delivery	O
.	O

By	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
expression	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
purification	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
secretory	B-PROC
HE	I-PRGE
(	O
recHE	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
quantitative	O
analyses	O
of	O
enzymatic	O
activities	O
displayed	O
by	O
ISAV	B-SPEC
HE	O
molecules	O
are	O
presented	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O

The	O
three	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
differences	O
between	O
the	O
high	O
and	O
low	O
virulent	O
variants	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
two	O
localized	O
to	O
the	O
putative	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
and	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
esterase	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
,	O
had	O
no	O
impact	O
on	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
or	O
-	O
release	B-PATH
activities	O
.	O

Phenyl	B-CHED
and	O
methyl	B-CHED
substituents	O
at	O
the	O
Michael	O
system	O
decrease	O
the	O
reactivity	O
of	O
the	O
electrophilic	O
compound	O
,	O
but	O
chlorophenyl	O
substituents	O
partly	O
recover	O
the	O
reactivity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
history	O
of	O
ultraviolet	O
germicidal	O
irradiation	O
for	O
air	B-CHED
disinfection	O
.	O

Both	O
immunizations	O
induced	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
,	O
although	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
IgG	B-PRGE
in	O
groups	O
immunized	O
via	O
the	O
intraperitoneal	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
p	O
.)	O
route	O
were	O
higher	O
.	O

sIgA	B-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
in	O
saliva	B-ANAT
in	O
groups	O
immunized	O
intranasally	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
groups	O
immunized	O
intraperitoneally	O
.	O

CpG	O
had	O
an	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
effect	O
on	O
IgA	B-PRGE
production	O
in	O
genital	B-ANAT
tract	O
washes	O
when	O
administered	O
intranasally	O
but	O
only	O
affected	O
IgA	B-PRGE
production	O
in	O
faeces	B-ANAT
samples	O
when	O
administered	O
intraperitoneally	O
.	O

Secretions	B-ANAT
in	O
genital	B-ANAT
tract	O
washes	O
from	O
the	O
i	O
.	O
n	O
.	O

Using	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
complexes	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
and	O
other	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
purified	O
using	O
a	O
tandem	O
affinity	O
purification	O
system	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
is	O
elicited	O
and	O
inhibits	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	O
but	O
not	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
NO	O
levels	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
medium	O
of	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
(	O
AMs	B-DISO
)	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
mock	O
-	O
infected	O
AMs	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
if	O
lipoteichoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
LTA	O
),	O
produced	O
by	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
,	O
exacerbates	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PRCV	O
)-	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
has	O
previously	O
been	O
shown	O
with	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
.	O

Given	O
that	O
Gram	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
positive	I-SPEC
bacteria	I-SPEC
,	O
capable	O
of	O
producing	O
LTA	O
,	O
are	O
commonly	O
found	O
in	O
pig	B-SPEC
accommodation	O
,	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
this	O
compound	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
complex	O
requires	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
most	O
inbred	O
mouse	B-SPEC
strains	O
are	O
highly	O
susceptible	O
to	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
inbred	O
SJL	O
line	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
is	O
highly	O
resistant	O
to	O
its	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

mCEACAM1a	O
(	O
1a	O
)	O
has	O
a	O
10	O
-	O
to	O
100	O
-	O
fold	O
-	O
higher	O
receptor	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
than	O
does	O
mCEACAM1b	O
(	O
1b	O
).	O

No	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
organs	B-ANAT
of	O
cB61ba	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
viral	O
RNA	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
target	O
organs	B-ANAT
of	O
SJL	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
strongly	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
although	O
alleles	O
of	O
mCEACAM1	O
are	O
the	O
principal	O
determinants	O
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
susceptibility	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
,	O
other	O
as	O
-	O
yet	O
-	O
unidentified	O
murine	B-SPEC
genes	O
may	O
also	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

Nineteen	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
seropositive	O
for	O
CIV	B-SPEC
by	O
ELISA	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
385	O
samples	O
tested	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
antibodies	B-COMP
for	O
both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
6	O
of	O
the	O
483	O
dogs	B-SPEC
sampled	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
present	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmission	O
of	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
through	O
immigration	O
and	O
tourism	O
.	O

Tourism	O
constitutes	O
a	O
small	O
fraction	O
of	O
overall	O
movements	B-PROC
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
but	O
a	O
point	O
worthy	O
of	O
note	O
is	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
international	O
travellers	O
has	O
increased	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
1	O
300	O
%	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
50	O
years	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
VILI	O
)	O
significantly	O
contributes	O
to	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
stretch	O
-	O
responsive	O
genes	O
containing	O
putative	O
ATF3	B-PRGE
cis	B-DISO
-	O
regulatory	O
regions	O
was	O
significantly	O
altered	O
in	O
ATF3	B-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Nucleoprotein	O
(	O
N	O
)	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
at	O
passages	O
155	O
and	O
165	O
were	O
aligned	O
and	O
compared	O
using	O
a	O
computer	O
software	O
program	O
.	O

Picorna	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
detected	O
in	O
Western	O
countries	O
whereas	O
influenza	B-DISO
was	O
most	O
common	O
in	O
Asia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
impact	O
of	O
epidemic	O
outbreak	O
:	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
suicide	O
among	O
older	O
adults	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

We	O
recommend	O
that	O
the	O
mental	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
well	O
-	O
being	O
of	O
the	O
community	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
older	O
adults	O
,	O
be	O
taken	O
into	O
careful	O
account	O
when	O
developing	O
epidemic	O
control	O
measures	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
the	O
future	O
outbreak	O
of	O
diseases	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
novel	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
Philippines	O
.	O

The	O
crystallographic	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
N28A	O
mutant	B-DISO
determined	O
at	O
2	O
.	O
35	O
A	O
resolution	O
reveals	O
the	O
critical	O
role	O
of	O
Asn28	O
in	O
maintaining	O
the	O
structural	O
integrity	O
of	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
and	O
in	O
orienting	O
key	O
residues	O
involved	O
in	O
binding	B-FUNC
at	O
the	O
dimer	O
interface	O
and	O
substrate	O
catalysis	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
first	O
47	O
fatal	O
cases	O
of	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
in	O
New	O
York	O
City	O
.	O

Many	O
(	O
79	O
%)	O
had	O
underlying	O
risk	O
conditions	O
for	O
severe	O
seasonal	O
influenza	O
,	O
and	O
58	O
%	O
were	O
obese	B-DISO
according	O
to	O
their	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
.	O

With	O
community	O
-	O
wide	O
transmission	O
of	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
A	O
virus	O
,	O
timely	O
medical	O
care	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
or	O
with	O
underlying	O
risk	O
conditions	O
for	O
complications	O
from	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
may	O
be	O
particularly	O
true	O
when	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
repeatedly	O
measured	O
V	O
(	O
D	O
)/	O
V	O
(	O
T	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
29	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
activated	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
therapy	O
.	O

When	O
the	O
measurement	O
was	O
repeated	O
29	O
h	O
after	O
therapy	O
was	O
discontinued	O
,	O
V	O
(	O
D	O
)/	O
V	O
(	O
T	O
)	O
had	O
increased	O
modestly	O
,	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
34	O
,	O
whereas	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
V	O
(	O
D	O
)	O
had	O
increased	O
to	O
71	O
mL	O
,	O
or	O
43	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
activated	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
C	O
baseline	O
measurement	O
.	O

Over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
activated	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
therapy	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
persistent	O
decrease	O
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
V	O
(	O
D	O
)	O
and	O
increase	O
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
V	O
(	O
T	O
),	O
even	O
while	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
was	O
reduced	O
and	O
respiratory	O
-	O
system	O
compliance	O
decreased	O
.	O

Knockdown	O
of	O
another	O
cytoplasmic	O
receptor	O
,	O
the	O
melanoma	B-PATH
-	O
differentiation	B-PROC
-	O
associated	O
gene	B-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
(	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
),	O
by	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNAs	O
also	O
blocked	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
induction	O
.	O

Murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
PLP2	O
and	O
orthologs	O
recognize	O
and	O
cleave	O
at	O
a	O
position	O
following	O
a	O
p4	O
-	O
Leu	B-CHED
-	O
X	O
-	O
Gly	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
Gly	I-CHED
-	O
p1	O
tetrapeptide	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
unknown	O
whether	O
these	O
residues	O
are	O
sufficient	O
to	O
result	O
in	O
processing	O
by	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
at	O
sites	O
normally	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
by	O
PLP1	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
CO2	B-CHED
removal	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
the	O
negative	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
clinical	O
trial	O
,	O
the	O
extensive	O
resources	O
required	O
and	O
the	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
side	O
effects	O
,	O
low	O
frequency	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
ECCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
R	O
was	O
restricted	O
to	O
a	O
'	O
rescue	O
'	O
therapy	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
case	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
pandemic	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
thousands	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
worldwide	O
,	O
many	O
more	O
hospital	O
admissions	O
,	O
and	O
thousands	O
of	O
admissions	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICUs	O
).	O

All	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
above	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
14	O
years	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
(	O
66	O
.	O
9	O
percent	O
)	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
for	O
less	O
than	O
seven	O
days	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Most	O
patients	O
(	O
66	O
.	O
9	O
percent	O
)	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
for	O
less	O
than	O
seven	O
days	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
motor	O
axonal	B-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
pandemic	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
A	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

28	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
white	O
female	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
during	O
the	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
because	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
was	O
complicated	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
onset	O
tetraplegia	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
the	O
AMAN	O
variant	O
of	O
GBS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
28	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
white	O
female	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
during	O
the	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
because	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Animal	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
impact	O
food	O
supplies	O
,	O
trade	O
and	O
commerce	O
,	O
and	O
human	O
health	O
and	O
well	O
-	O
being	O
in	O
every	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
the	O
2000	O
-	O
2001	O
foot	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
mouth	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
(	O
FMD	B-DISO
)	O
outbreaks	O
that	O
occurred	O
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
South	O
America	O
,	O
Asia	O
and	O
Africa	O
and	O
by	O
the	O
recent	O
increased	O
occurrence	O
of	O
emerging	O
diseases	O
transmitted	B-DISO
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

PICU	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
university	O
-	O
affiliated	O
,	O
tertiary	O
-	O
care	O
,	O
pediatric	O
hospital	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
30	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
LRTI	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
pH1N1	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
group	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
62	O
patients	O
with	O
LRTI	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
other	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
(	O
group	O
2	O
).	O

Median	O
length	O
of	O
PICU	B-SPEC
stay	O
was	O
15	O
days	O
.	O

A	O
pair	O
of	O
primers	O
(	O
P1	O
and	O
P4	O
)	O
specific	O
for	O
CDV	B-CHED
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
highly	O
conserved	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
CDV	B-CHED
genome	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
common	O
primer	O
pair	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
-	O
round	O
PCR	O
of	O
the	O
nested	O
PCR	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viruses	O
frequently	O
are	O
recovered	O
in	O
the	O
upper	O
-	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
during	O
acute	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
COPD	B-DISO
(	O
AECOPD	O
),	O
but	O
their	O
role	O
as	O
contributing	O
pathogens	O
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
was	O
of	O
a	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
COPD	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ED	O
for	O
AECOPD	O
.	O

In	O
five	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
no	O
virus	B-SPEC
had	O
been	O
identified	O
during	O
the	O
initial	O
exacerbation	O
,	O
thus	O
suggesting	O
a	O
new	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
acquired	O
during	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

During	O
AECOPD	O
,	O
procalcitonin	O
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
levels	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
significantly	O
between	O
patients	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
a	O
proven	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Sixteen	O
cases	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
from	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
medical	O
records	O
at	O
two	O
academic	O
institutions	O
;	O
inclusion	O
was	O
based	O
either	O
on	O
necropsy	O
lesions	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
13	O
)	O
or	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
histopathological	O
,	O
cytological	O
,	O
and	O
clinicopathological	O
findings	O
highly	O
suggestive	O
of	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
).	O

The	O
liver	B-ANAT
was	O
judged	O
to	O
be	O
normal	O
in	O
echogenicity	O
in	O
11	O
(	O
69	O
%)	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
diffusely	O
hypoechoic	O
in	O
three	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
focally	O
hyperechoic	O
in	O
one	O
cat	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
focally	O
hypoechoic	O
in	O
one	O
cat	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
optimal	O
because	O
it	O
may	O
present	O
an	O
excessive	O
supply	O
of	O
linoleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
.	O

This	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
alterations	O
in	O
patterns	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
and	O
in	O
immune	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
studies	O
,	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
length	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
and	O
hospital	O
stay	O
.	O

In	O
post	O
-	O
surgical	O
patients	O
and	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
mild	O
sepsis	B-DISO
or	O
trauma	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
clinical	O
benefit	O
from	O
a	O
formula	O
including	O
fish	B-SPEC
oil	O
and	O
arginine	B-CHED
.	O

Our	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
a	O
P1	O
-	O
Asn	B-CHED
substitution	O
at	O
the	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
/	O
Q2779	O
,	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
/	O
Q3086	O
,	O
nsp7	O
-	O
8	O
/	O
Q3462	O
,	O
nsp8	O
-	O
9	O
/	O
Q3672	O
,	O
and	O
nsp9	O
-	O
10	O
/	O
Q3783	O
sites	O
,	O
a	O
P1	O
-	O
Glu	B-CHED
substitution	O
at	O
the	O
nsp8	O
-	O
9	O
/	O
Q3672	O
site	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
P1	O
-	O
His	O
substitution	O
at	O
the	O
nsp15	O
-	O
16	O
/	O
Q6327	O
site	O
were	O
tolerated	O
and	O
allowed	O
recovery	O
of	O
infectious	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
albeit	O
with	O
variable	O
degrees	O
of	O
growth	B-PROC
defects	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
these	O
lethal	O
mutations	O
on	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
suggested	O
that	O
processing	O
intermediates	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
nsp6	O
-	O
7	O
,	O
nsp12	O
-	O
13	O
,	O
nsp13	O
-	O
14	O
,	O
nsp14	O
-	O
15	O
,	O
and	O
nsp15	O
-	O
16	O
precursors	O
,	O
may	O
function	O
in	O
negative	O
-	O
stranded	O
genomic	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
whereas	O
mature	O
proteins	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
subgenomic	O
RNA	O
(	O
sgRNA	O
)	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

It	O
indicated	O
that	O
SNH	O
could	O
enhance	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
increase	O
protection	O
against	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
challenge	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
small	O
series	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
H1N1	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
compromise	O
,	O
therapeutic	O
plasma	B-ANAT
exchange	O
appeared	O
to	O
benefit	O
as	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
mitigating	O
the	O
associated	O
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
compared	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
case	O
and	O
matched	O
-	O
control	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
articles	O
published	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
timeline	O
of	O
submission	O
,	O
acceptance	O
,	O
and	O
publication	O
.	O

The	O
impact	O
factors	O
of	O
the	O
publishing	O
journals	O
were	O
examined	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
publication	O
of	O
SARS	O
articles	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
numbers	O
of	O
citations	O
received	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
case	O
and	O
matched	O
-	O
control	O
articles	O
submitted	O
during	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
epidemic	O
were	O
compared	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
numbers	O
of	O
citations	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
articles	O
submitted	O
during	O
the	O
epidemic	O
and	O
over	O
the	O
2	O
y	O
thereafter	O
were	O
17	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
[	O
IQR	O
]	O
8	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
52	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
and	O
8	O
(	O
IQR	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
21	O
.	O
8	O
),	O
respectively	O
,	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
median	O
numbers	O
of	O
control	O
article	O
citations	O
(	O
15	O
,	O
IQR	O
8	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
16	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
and	O
7	O
,	O
IQR	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
12	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

This	O
condition	B-DISO
is	O
often	O
lethal	O
,	O
usually	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
admission	O
to	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Image	O
findings	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
H1N1	O
virus	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
findings	O
of	O
chest	O
radiography	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
computed	O
tomography	O
in	O
patients	O
requiring	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	O
H1N1	O
virus	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
2009	O
,	O
10	O
patients	O
required	O
treatment	O
in	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
for	O
confirmed	O
H1N1	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Four	O
patients	O
underwent	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
therapy	O
.	O

Pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
three	O
of	O
four	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
ECMO	O
therapy	O
.	O

Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
coupled	O
with	O
direct	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequencing	O
and	O
GenBank	O
BLAST	B-ANAT
database	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
spike	O
gene	O
showed	O
that	O
these	O
isolates	O
are	O
genetically	O
very	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
previously	O
known	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotypes	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
isolates	O
are	O
a	O
novel	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotype	O
in	O
Japan	O
(	O
designated	O
JP	O
-	O
IV	O
).	O

In	O
developing	O
countries	O
of	O
Asia	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
continuous	O
and	O
close	O
contact	O
between	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
especially	O
in	O
rural	O
settings	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Blastomycosis	B-DISO
is	O
an	O
endemic	O
mycosis	B-DISO
that	O
occurs	O
predominantly	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
in	O
the	O
north	O
central	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
provinces	O
of	O
Canada	O
,	O
southern	O
states	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
midwestern	O
states	O
that	O
border	O
the	O
Mississippi	O
River	O
basin	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
infected	O
persons	O
are	O
asymptomatic	O
or	O
have	O
mild	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
that	O
are	O
not	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
being	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
fungal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Further	O
,	O
the	O
limits	O
of	O
replication	O
infidelity	O
during	O
replication	O
of	O
large	O
RNA	O
genomes	O
and	O
how	O
decreased	O
fidelity	O
impacts	O
virus	B-SPEC
fitness	O
over	O
time	O
are	O
not	O
known	O
.	O

High	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TNF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
activity	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
fluids	B-ANAT
,	I-ANAT
peritoneal	I-ANAT
lavage	O
fluids	B-ANAT
and	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
all	O
animals	B-SPEC
for	O
at	O
least	O
8h	O
post	O
-	O
inoculation	O
(	O
HPI	B-DISO
).	O

No	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
disease	O
severity	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
lesions	O
,	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
infiltration	B-DISO
or	O
levels	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
23	I-FUNC
were	O
observed	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
compound	O
also	O
displayed	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
selectivity	O
of	O
>	O
700	O
-	O
fold	O
and	O
was	O
nontoxic	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
aortic	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
at	O
100	O
muM	B-SPEC
.	O
The	O
oxocarbazate	O
and	O
a	O
related	O
thiocarbazate	O
(	O
PubChem	O
CID	O
16725315	O
)	O
were	O
tested	O
in	O
a	O
SARS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
pseudotype	O
infection	B-DISO
assay	O
with	O
the	O
oxocarbazate	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
thiocarbazate	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
activity	O
in	O
blocking	B-DISO
both	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	B-SPEC
(	O
IC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
=	O
273	O
+/-	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quantitative	O
proteomics	O
using	O
stable	O
isotope	O
labeling	O
with	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
reveals	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	O
,	O
nuclear	O
,	O
and	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
proteomes	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
infected	O
with	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
involve	O
complex	O
interplay	O
between	O
viral	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
,	O
rendering	O
them	O
an	O
ideal	O
target	O
for	O
proteomic	O
analysis	O
.	O

Fractionation	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
into	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
,	O
nuclear	O
,	O
and	O
nucleolar	B-ANAT
extracts	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
reduce	O
sample	O
complexity	O
and	O
provide	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
trafficking	B-PROC
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
between	O
the	O
different	O
compartments	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
-	O
based	O
reporter	O
gene	O
assay	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
validate	O
the	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
AP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	O
and	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
transcription	B-PROC
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
confirmed	O
using	O
immunofluorescence	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
cultures	O
grew	O
gram	O
-	O
positive	O
cocci	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
later	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
agalactiae	I-SPEC
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
).	O

Such	O
patients	O
hence	O
present	O
most	O
commonly	O
to	O
rheumatologists	O
and	O
nephrologists	O
but	O
usually	O
require	O
input	O
from	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
specialties	O
,	O
respiratory	O
and	O
critical	O
care	O
medicine	B-CHED
in	O
particular	O
.	O

By	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
September	O
2009	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
estimated	O
that	O
at	O
least	O
270	O
,	O
000	O
persons	O
had	O
been	O
infected	O
by	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
one	O
-	O
fifth	O
of	O
cases	O
with	O
severe	O
illness	O
had	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Exciting	O
new	O
studies	O
reveal	O
that	O
the	O
alcoholic	O
lung	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
discrete	O
changes	O
in	O
cellular	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
within	O
the	O
lower	O
airways	O
,	O
mediated	O
via	O
oxidant	B-CHED
stress	O
and	O
altered	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
and	O
,	O
in	O
experimental	O
models	O
,	O
is	O
highly	O
amenable	O
to	O
targeted	B-PROC
therapies	O
.	O

The	O
co	O
-	O
localization	B-PROC
signal	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
NP	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
proteasome	B-PATH
subunit	I-PRGE
p42	I-PRGE
in	O
2BS	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
detected	O
using	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
and	O
confocal	O
microscopy	O
.	O

p42	B-PRGE
is	O
a	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
26S	B-COMP
proteasome	I-COMP
;	O
this	O
large	O
,	O
multi	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
-	O
proteasome	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
basic	O
cellular	B-COMP
processes	O
and	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
related	O
to	O
betacoronaviruses	O
in	O
Italian	O
greater	B-SPEC
horseshoe	I-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
association	O
between	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
bats	O
is	O
a	O
worldwide	O
phenomenon	O
and	O
bats	B-SPEC
belonging	O
to	O
genus	B-SPEC
Rhinolophus	I-SPEC
are	O
the	O
reservoir	O
host	B-COMP
for	O
several	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
closely	O
related	O
genetically	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

We	O
focus	O
on	O
their	O
function	O
and	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
discuss	O
viral	O
ion	O
channel	O
protein	B-CHED
serving	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
drug	O
target	O
.	O

Exposure	O
of	O
NSCLC	B-DISO
cells	B-COMP
to	O
TSL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
caused	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
cycle	O
arrest	O
in	O
subG1	O
phase	O
and	O
caused	O
apoptosis	O
.	O

Improving	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
ventilation	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
may	O
improve	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ACS	B-FUNC
).	O

On	O
day	O
3	O
,	O
the	O
groups	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
regarding	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
episodes	O
with	O
normal	O
PaO2	O
(	O
35	O
%	O
with	O
NIV	O
and	O
25	O
%	O
with	O
oxygen	B-CHED
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
or	O
A	O
-	O
a	O
).	O

We	O
have	O
experienced	O
a	O
67	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
patient	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
a	O
severe	O
type	O
of	O
ulcerative	B-DISO
colitis	I-DISO
(	O
UC	O
).	O

Severe	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
symptoms	O
occurred	O
during	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
UC	O
in	O
a	O
previous	O
hospital	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
our	O
hospital	O
on	O
June	O
27	O
,	O
2007	O
.	O

Our	O
case	O
report	O
suggests	O
that	O
a	O
severe	O
type	O
of	O
ulcerative	B-DISO
colitis	I-DISO
might	O
be	O
taken	O
into	O
consideration	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
predisposing	O
factors	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
apparent	O
association	O
between	O
varicella	O
zoster	O
virus	O
(	O
VZV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
(	O
MS	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
relapse	B-DISO
/	O
remission	B-DISO
(	O
R	O
/	O
R	O
)	O
MS	O
we	O
have	O
found	O
high	O
loads	O
of	O
VZV	B-SPEC
DNA	O
in	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
in	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
CSF	B-ANAT
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
abundant	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
in	O
CSF	B-ANAT
visualized	O
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
relapse	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
we	O
analyzed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
VZV	B-SPEC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
progressive	O
forms	O
of	O
MS	O
;	O
DNA	O
from	O
VZV	B-SPEC
was	O
searched	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
in	O
CSF	B-ANAT
of	O
20	O
patients	O
with	O
progressive	O
MS	O
.	O

Ultrastructural	O
study	O
searching	O
for	O
viral	B-PRGE
particles	I-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
CSF	B-ANAT
was	O
made	O
with	O
transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

Nonetheless	O
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
DNA	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
viral	O
particles	O
were	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
found	O
in	O
MS	O
patients	O
with	O
R	O
/	O
R	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
relapse	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
found	O
during	O
remission	B-DISO
.	O

Similar	O
to	O
findings	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
R	O
/	O
R	O
MS	O
,	O
VZV	B-SPEC
might	O
be	O
associated	O
to	O
progressive	O
MS	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
minor	O
quantity	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Similar	O
to	O
findings	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
R	O
/	O
R	O
MS	O
,	O
VZV	B-SPEC
might	O
be	O
associated	O
to	O
progressive	O
MS	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
minor	O
quantity	O
.	O

To	O
understand	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
human	B-SPEC
type	B-ANAT
II	I-ANAT
pneumocyte	I-ANAT
(	O
A549	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
incubated	O
with	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
or	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
containing	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
to	O
examine	O
cytokine	O
modulation	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
proteasome	B-PATH
by	O
different	O
chemical	O
compounds	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
MG132	O
,	O
epoxomicin	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
Velcade	B-CHED
)	O
appeared	O
to	O
not	O
only	O
impair	O
entry	O
but	O
also	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
subsequent	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
different	O
CoVs	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
[	O
MHV	B-SPEC
],	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
CoV	O
).	O

The	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
on	O
CoV	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
did	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
result	O
from	O
a	O
general	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
translation	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
induction	O
of	O
a	O
cellular	B-DISO
stress	B-PATH
response	I-PATH
by	O
the	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Viral	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
was	O
reduced	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
a	O
temperature	O
-	O
sensitive	O
ubiquitin	B-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
activating	I-ENZY
enzyme	I-ENZY
E1	O
at	O
the	O
restrictive	O
temperature	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
which	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
was	O
depleted	O
by	O
using	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNAs	O
.	O

More	O
detailed	O
characterization	O
of	O
these	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
may	O
facilitate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
treatments	O
active	O
against	O
HCV	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
are	O
dependent	O
on	O
newly	O
synthesized	O
cellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
for	O
replication	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
refractory	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
or	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
:	O
initial	O
experience	O
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
centre	O
.	O

ECMO	O
support	O
was	O
applied	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
not	O
responsive	O
to	O
conventional	O
treatments	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Live	O
attenuated	O
Salmonella	B-SPEC
enterica	I-SPEC
serovar	O
Typhimurium	O
expressing	O
swine	B-SPEC
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
has	O
antiviral	O
activity	O
and	O
alleviates	O
clinical	O
signs	O
induced	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Enhancing	O
innate	O
and	O
acquired	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
by	O
cytokines	O
such	O
as	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
appears	O
to	O
be	O
useful	O
as	O
a	O
first	O
line	O
of	O
defense	O
against	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
live	O
attenuated	O
Salmonella	B-SPEC
enterica	I-SPEC
serovar	O
Typhimurium	O
designed	O
to	O
secrete	B-PROC
swine	B-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
swIFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
)	O
protein	B-CHED
for	O
preventing	O
the	O
clinical	O
signs	O
caused	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
-	O
causing	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spatial	O
patterns	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Swedish	O
beef	O
cattle	O
population	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
Swedish	O
beef	O
cattle	B-SPEC
population	O
however	O
,	O
no	O
investigations	O
have	O
yet	O
been	O
performed	O
regarding	O
the	O
prevalence	O
and	O
geographical	O
distribution	O
of	O
BCV	B-SPEC
and	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
.	O

BCV	B-SPEC
and	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
spatially	O
related	O
:	O
two	O
areas	O
in	O
southern	O
Sweden	O
(	O
Skaraborg	O
and	O
Skåne	O
)	O
had	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
prevalence	O
of	O
BCV	B-SPEC
(	O
72	O
.	O
5	O
and	O
65	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
respectively	O
);	O
almost	O
the	O
same	O
two	O
areas	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
being	O
high	O
-	O
prevalence	O
clusters	B-CHED
for	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
(	O
69	O
.	O
2	O
and	O
66	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
respectively	O
).	O

Areas	O
with	O
beef	O
herd	O
density	O
>	O
10	O
per	O
100	O
km	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
at	O
significantly	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
being	O
part	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
prevalence	O
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

With	O
the	O
exponential	O
model	O
,	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
calculated	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Its	O
estimated	O
infectivity	O
was	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
known	O
as	O
an	O
agent	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
also	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
some	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
belonging	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
genetic	O
group	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
ET	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
NO	O
increased	O
after	O
ALI	O
models	O
were	O
established	O
and	O
slightly	O
decreased	O
after	O
a	O
6	O
-	O
hour	O
ventilation	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
VT6	O
group	O
and	O
the	O
VT20	O
group	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
PaO2	O
was	O
increased	O
after	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
but	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
VT6	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
manifestations	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
swine	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
(	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
among	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
the	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Infectious	O
Diseases	O
in	O
Warsaw	O
in	O
2009	O
].	O

We	O
have	O
observed	O
infection	B-DISO
A	O
/	O
H1N1	O
occurrence	O
in	O
109	O
patients	O
(	O
Female	O
-	O
64	O
,	O
Male	O
-	O
45	O
,	O
aged	O
17	O
-	O
71	O
y	O
),	O
hospitalized	O
between	O
August	O
and	O
December	O
2009	O
.	O

Among	O
multiple	O
acute	O
symptoms	O
we	O
observed	O
high	B-PROC
temperature	I-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
myalgia	B-DISO
and	O
neurological	O
manifestations	O
,	O
very	O
frequent	O
.	O

We	O
observed	O
bacterial	O
superinfections	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
swine	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
shock	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
secondary	B-DISO
bacterial	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
neurological	O
complications	O
.	O

Three	O
of	O
them	O
developed	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

45	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
intubated	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
identified	O
.	O

In	O
multivariate	O
GEE	O
logistic	O
regression	O
models	O
,	O
presence	O
in	O
the	O
room	O
during	O
fiberoptic	O
intubation	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
79	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
004	O
)	O
or	O
ECG	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
52	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
002	O
),	O
unprotected	O
eye	B-ANAT
contact	O
with	O
secretions	B-ANAT
(	O
OR	O
=	O
7	O
.	O
34	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
patient	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
>	O
or	O
=	O
20	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
17	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
009	O
)	O
and	O
patient	O
Pa0	O
(	O
2	O
)/	O
Fi0	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
ratio	O
<	O
or	O
=	O
59	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
8	O
.	O
65	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
CART	O
analyses	O
,	O
the	O
four	O
covariates	O
which	O
explained	O
the	O
greatest	O
amount	O
of	O
variation	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
transmission	O
were	O
covariates	O
representing	O
individual	O
patients	O
.	O

Close	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
airway	B-ANAT
of	O
severely	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
failure	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
to	O
prevent	O
exposure	O
to	O
respiratory	O
secretions	B-ANAT
were	O
associated	O
with	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Rates	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
varied	O
widely	O
among	O
patients	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Close	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
airway	B-ANAT
of	O
severely	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
failure	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
to	O
prevent	O
exposure	O
to	O
respiratory	O
secretions	B-ANAT
were	O
associated	O
with	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Rates	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
varied	O
widely	O
among	O
patients	O
.	O

Malaria	B-PATH
-	O
associated	O
ALI	O
correlated	O
with	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
circulating	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
,	O
produced	O
de	O
novo	O
in	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
its	O
blockage	O
led	O
to	O
protection	O
of	O
mice	O
from	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
highly	O
cited	O
SARS	B-DISO
research	O
literature	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Case	O
report	O
:	O
Sanjad	O
--	O
Sakati	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
dental	O
findings	O
and	O
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
child	O
was	O
observed	O
after	O
one	O
year	O
,	O
plaque	B-DISO
removal	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
and	O
fluoride	B-CHED
varnish	O
was	O
placed	O
on	O
all	O
teeth	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
avoidance	O
behaviors	B-PROC
was	O
very	O
high	O
.	O

Significant	O
complications	O
due	O
to	O
nasojejunal	O
feeding	O
tube	O
placement	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
hydrothorax	B-DISO
,	O
duodenal	B-DISO
perforation	I-DISO
and	O
retroperitoneal	B-ANAT
emphysema	B-DISO
,	O
are	O
very	O
rare	O
.	O

Half	O
a	O
month	O
later	O
,	O
she	O
had	O
a	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
distension	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
When	O
a	O
nasojejunal	O
feeding	O
tube	O
is	O
placed	O
through	O
the	O
transnasal	O
endoscopic	O
technique	O
,	O
an	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
radiography	O
should	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
confirm	O
the	O
tube	O
'	O
s	O
position	O
and	O
indicate	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
kinking	O
or	O
beyond	O
the	O
ligament	B-ANAT
of	I-ANAT
Treitz	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
had	O
an	O
enormous	O
effect	O
on	O
Taiwan	O
'	O
s	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
the	O
nation	O
'	O
s	O
economy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
show	O
highly	O
aberrant	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
signaling	B-PROC
profiles	O
assessed	O
by	O
phospho	O
-	O
specific	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
.	O

Phosphorylation	B-PROC
levels	O
induced	O
by	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
in	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
and	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
and	O
by	O
combination	O
of	O
phorbol	B-CHED
12	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
myristate	I-CHED
13	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetate	I-CHED
and	O
calcium	B-CHED
ionophore	I-CHED
A23187	O
in	O
extracellular	B-PRGE
signal	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
regulated	I-PRGE
kinases	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
members	O
of	O
a	O
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
,	O
were	O
depressed	O
in	O
patients	O
'	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
whereas	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
levels	O
induced	O
by	O
granulocyte	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
macrophage	B-ANAT
colony	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
stimulating	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
in	O
STAT5	B-PRGE
was	O
normal	O
.	O

Extracellular	B-PRGE
signal	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
regulated	I-PRGE
kinases	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
activation	O
is	O
impaired	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
may	O
depress	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
'	O
transmigration	O
and	O
may	O
consequently	O
increase	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
patients	O
have	O
less	O
left	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
than	O
expected	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
prior	O
descriptions	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
myopericarditis	B-DISO
or	O
of	O
general	O
populations	O
of	O
septic	O
patients	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
crystallization	O
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
are	O
reported	O
.	O

The	O
gene	O
segment	O
encoding	O
IBV	B-SPEC
nsp9	O
has	O
been	O
cloned	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

A	O
32	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
,	O
injured	O
in	O
a	O
motorcycle	O
accident	O
,	O
was	O
referred	O
to	O
a	O
trauma	O
center	O
in	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
shock	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
major	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
strains	O
in	O
this	O
region	O
is	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
gene	B-PRGE
5a	I-PRGE
from	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
S	O
.	O
Creation	O
of	O
a	O
gene	O
5a	O
knockout	O
mutant	B-DISO
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
a	O
major	O
component	O
of	O
IFN	O
resistance	B-PROC
maps	O
to	O
gene	O
5a	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
demonstration	O
of	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
gene	O
product	O
that	O
can	O
protect	O
that	O
same	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
state	O
induced	O
by	O
IFN	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
relationship	O
between	O
antibody	B-COMP
status	O
to	O
bovine	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
disease	O
incidence	O
,	O
reproduction	B-PROC
and	O
herd	O
characteristics	O
in	O
dairy	O
herds	O
.	O

Our	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
on	O
general	O
health	O
and	O
reproduction	B-PROC
parameters	O
measurable	O
on	O
herd	O
level	O
and	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
antibody	B-COMP
status	O
and	O
some	O
herd	O
characteristics	O
.	O

The	O
samples	O
were	O
analysed	O
for	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
BCV	B-SPEC
and	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
with	O
indirect	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assays	O
.	O

Positive	O
herds	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
bulk	O
tank	O
milk	O
somatic	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
(	O
BMSCC	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
negative	O
herds	O
.	O

Our	O
result	O
shows	O
that	O
herds	O
that	O
were	O
antibody	B-COMP
positive	O
to	O
BCV	B-SPEC
and	O
/	O
or	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
higher	O
BMSCC	O
compared	O
with	O
herds	O
negative	O
to	O
BCV	B-SPEC
and	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
.	O

Negative	O
herds	O
were	O
located	O
in	O
close	O
proximity	O
to	O
positive	O
herds	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
local	O
spread	O
and	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
between	O
herds	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
of	O
great	O
importance	O
and	O
that	O
herds	O
can	O
stay	O
free	O
from	O
these	O
infection	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
although	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
circulating	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
.	O

A	O
higher	O
proportion	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
of	O
herds	O
used	O
professional	O
technicians	O
for	O
artificial	O
insemination	B-PROC
,	O
rather	O
than	O
farm	O
personnel	O
,	O
amongst	O
the	O
33	O
herds	O
negative	O
to	O
BCV	B-SPEC
compared	O
with	O
the	O
46	O
positive	O
herds	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
papain	B-ENZY
-	O
like	O
novel	O
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
:	O
design	O
,	O
synthesis	O
,	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
ligand	B-PROC
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
structure	O
and	O
biological	O
evaluation	O
.	O

A	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
ligand	B-PROC
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
structure	O
of	O
15	O
g	O
-	O
bound	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
PLpro	O
and	O
a	O
corresponding	O
model	O
of	O
15	O
h	O
docked	O
to	O
PLpro	O
provide	O
intriguing	O
molecular	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
ligand	B-PROC
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
interactions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Proteomic	O
analysis	O
of	O
purified	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Migration	B-PROC
of	O
engrafted	O
neural	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
CXCL12	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
through	O
CXCR4	B-FUNC
in	O
a	O
viral	O
model	O
of	O
multiple	O
sclerosis	O
.	O

Although	O
successful	O
transplantation	O
of	O
rodent	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
glial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
types	O
into	O
models	O
of	O
MS	O
has	O
been	O
performed	O
,	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
navigate	O
within	O
an	O
inflammatory	O
environment	O
created	O
by	O
a	O
persistent	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
not	O
been	O
defined	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
CNS	B-CHED
with	O
the	O
neurotropic	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	O
hepatitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
JHMV	O
)	O
results	O
in	O
an	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
clinical	O
and	O
histologic	O
similarities	O
to	O
MS	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
stories	O
published	O
in	O
10	O
newspapers	O
containing	O
the	O
words	O
,	O
'	B-DISO
SARS	I-DISO
,'	O
'	B-DISO
Bovine	I-DISO
Spongiform	I-DISO
Encephalopathy	I-DISO
,'	O
'	B-DISO
Avian	I-DISO
Influenza	I-DISO
,'	O
and	O
'	B-SPEC
Influenza	I-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
'	O
was	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
stories	O
on	O
chronic	O
or	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
diseases	O
.	O

Also	O
,	O
media	B-ANAT
coverage	O
of	O
'	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
'	O
and	O
'	B-PATH
tuberculosis	I-PATH
'	O
did	O
not	O
vary	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
mortality	O
of	O
each	O
disease	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
,	O
Italy02	O
,	O
and	O
QX	O
infect	O
ciliated	O
and	O
mucus	B-ANAT
-	O
producing	O
cells	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
,	O
whereas	O
cells	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
parabronchial	O
tissue	B-ANAT
are	O
resistant	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Attachment	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
O	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylated	I-CHED
sialic	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
and	O
not	O
by	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
members	O
of	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
phylocluster	O
A	O
possess	B-DISO
two	O
types	O
of	O
surface	O
projections	O
,	O
one	O
comprised	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
of	O
hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
(	O
HE	O
).	O

MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
causes	O
accumulation	O
of	O
EDEM1	O
and	O
OS	O
-	O
9	O
,	O
another	O
short	O
-	O
living	O
ER	B-PRGE
chaperone	I-PRGE
,	O
in	O
the	O
DMVs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
rapid	O
development	O
of	O
an	O
attenuated	O
live	O
vaccine	O
for	O
GA08	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
serotype	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
using	O
a	O
heat	O
-	O
treatment	O
method	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Among	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
complications	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
influenza	O
A	O
virus	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
is	O
the	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
high	O
suspicion	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
.	O

24	O
patients	O
were	O
studied	O
,	O
100	O
%	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
mean	O
age	O
41	O
.	O
1	O
(+/-	O
14	O
.	O
8	O
).	O

Existing	O
sources	O
of	O
advice	O
on	O
these	O
issues	O
in	O
Australia	O
,	O
by	O
way	O
of	O
statements	O
of	O
medical	O
ethics	O
and	O
other	O
sources	O
of	O
advice	O
,	O
are	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
in	O
need	O
of	O
further	O
amplification	B-DISO
if	O
health	O
workers	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
provided	O
with	O
the	O
certainty	O
and	O
guidance	O
required	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
,	O
especially	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
reversible	O
acute	O
and	O
chronic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
toxicity	I-DISO
,	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
observed	O
.	O

Three	O
different	O
and	O
intertwined	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
toxicity	O
have	O
been	O
suggested	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
a	O
direct	O
toxic	O
effect	O
;	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
an	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
mechanism	O
;	O
and	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
the	O
angiotensin	B-CHED
enzyme	O
system	O
activation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
epitope	B-CHED
specificity	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
-	O
induced	O
disease	O
in	O
susceptible	O
and	O
resistant	O
hosts	O
.	O

hRSV	B-SPEC
acute	B-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
increased	O
from	O
261	O
cases	O
in	O
epidemics	O
from	O
1999	O
-	O
2003	O
to	O
341	O
cases	O
from	O
2004	O
-	O
2009	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
assess	O
the	O
characteristics	O
,	O
treatment	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
crush	O
syndrome	O
caused	O
by	O
prolonged	O
limb	B-ANAT
compression	O
longer	O
than	O
24	O
h	O
in	O
the	O
Sichuan	O
earthquake	O
.	O

The	O
medical	O
records	O
of	O
nine	O
severe	O
crush	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
.	O

The	O
major	O
associated	O
injuries	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
extremities	I-ANAT
.	O

Multiple	O
organ	O
failure	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
developed	O
in	O
eight	O
patients	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alternative	B-PROC
splicing	I-PROC
of	O
CD200	B-PRGE
is	O
regulated	O
by	O
an	O
exonic	B-PRGE
splicing	I-PRGE
enhancer	I-PRGE
and	O
SF2	B-PRGE
/	O
ASF	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
poor	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
501	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
a	O
PA	O
catheter	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
associations	O
between	O
increases	O
in	O
transpulmonary	O
gradient	O
(	O
TPG	O
)	O
(	O
PA	O
mean	O
pressure	O
-	O
PA	O
occlusion	B-DISO
pressure	O
)	O
or	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
index	O
(	O
PVRi	O
)	O
and	O
60	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
,	O
ventilator	O
-,	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)-,	O
and	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
-	O
free	O
days	O
(	O
days	O
with	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
≥	O
60	O
mm	O
Hg	O
off	O
vasopressor	O
support	O
).	O

Only	O
13	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
planned	O
to	O
receive	O
the	O
H1N1	O
vaccine	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
37	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
for	O
the	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccine	O
.	O

Vaccination	O
against	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
preceding	O
season	O
strongly	O
predicted	O
the	O
likelihood	O
of	O
H1N1	O
vaccination	O
.	O

Efforts	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
address	O
concerns	O
about	O
vaccination	O
risk	O
and	O
to	O
incorporate	O
H1N1	O
vaccination	O
in	O
standard	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practice	O
with	O
policy	O
support	O
.	O

For	O
this	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
group	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
increased	O
incidence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

By	O
August	O
2003	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
8422	O
SARS	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
916	O
deaths	B-PROC
reported	O
from	O
29	O
countries	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
daubentoni	I-SPEC
and	O
R	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
sinicus	I-SPEC
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
susceptible	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
may	O
be	O
candidates	O
as	O
the	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
progenitor	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nursing	B-PROC
students	O
'	O
knowledge	O
and	O
practice	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
precautions	O
:	O
an	O
educational	O
intervention	O
.	O

While	O
many	O
in	O
-	O
service	O
education	O
sessions	O
were	O
arranged	O
by	O
institutions	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
preservice	O
nursing	B-PROC
education	O
has	O
overlooked	O
preparation	O
for	O
handling	O
such	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
epidemics	O
.	O

Following	O
the	O
education	O
programme	O
,	O
students	O
in	O
the	O
intervention	O
group	O
showed	O
a	O
statistically	O
significant	O
improvement	O
across	O
time	O
in	O
their	O
knowledge	O
of	O
these	O
precautions	O
[	O
F	O
(	O
2	O
,	O
180	O
)	O
=	O
13	O
.	O
53	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
]	O
and	O
confidence	O
in	O
resolving	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
issues	O
[	O
F	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
79	O
,	O
168	O
.	O
95	O
)	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
24	O
]	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
sand	O
aspiration	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
near	O
-	O
drowning	O
,	O
which	O
led	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
necessitating	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
repeated	O
therapeutic	O
bronchoscopic	O
lavage	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
stay	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
that	O
exceeded	O
one	O
month	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
Toxocara	B-DISO
cati	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
].	O

Dry	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
and	O
chest	B-DISO
discomfort	I-DISO
are	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
few	O
cases	O
of	O
acute	O
pneumonia	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
due	O
to	O
toxocara	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
published	O
but	O
this	O
is	O
,	O
to	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
reported	O
case	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
interactions	O
between	O
MBL	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
terminal	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
kb	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
a	O
recently	O
isolated	O
variant	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
(	O
N1	O
/	O
03	O
)	O
was	O
sequenced	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
sequences	O
of	O
classical	O
and	O
novel	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
two	O
main	O
groups	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Australia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Light	O
whole	O
genome	O
sequence	O
for	O
SNP	O
discovery	O
across	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cat	I-SPEC
breeds	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cat	I-SPEC
has	O
offered	O
enormous	O
genomic	O
potential	O
in	O
the	O
veterinary	O
description	O
of	O
over	O
250	O
hereditary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
models	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
several	O
deadly	O
feline	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
feline	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
--	O
FeLV	O
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
--	O
FECV	B-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
--	O
FIV	B-SPEC
)	O
that	O
are	O
homologues	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
scourges	O
(	O
cancer	B-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
AIDS	O
respectively	O
).	O

To	O
remedy	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
3	O
,	O
178	O
,	O
297	O
paired	O
fosmid	O
-	O
end	O
Sanger	O
sequence	O
reads	O
from	O
seven	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
combined	O
these	O
data	O
with	O
the	O
publicly	O
available	O
2X	O
cat	B-SPEC
whole	O
genome	O
sequence	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
mediates	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
by	O
binding	B-FUNC
cellular	B-COMP
receptors	O
and	O
inducing	O
fusion	O
between	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
envelope	I-COMP
and	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
created	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
palmitoylated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
by	O
mutating	O
all	O
nine	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
cysteine	B-CHED
residues	O
.	O

Given	O
a	O
hypothetical	O
scenario	O
that	O
two	O
to	O
three	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
H5N1	B-DISO
cases	O
had	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
the	O
trends	O
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
in	O
various	O
H5N1	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
risk	O
perceptions	O
,	O
anticipated	O
personal	O
psychological	B-DISO
responses	O
,	O
and	O
anticipated	O
personal	O
preventive	O
behaviors	B-PROC
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

The	O
public	O
'	O
s	O
general	O
preparedness	O
was	O
still	O
relatively	O
good	O
and	O
rational	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
individual	O
preventive	O
behaviors	B-PROC
were	O
less	O
common	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Over	O
time	O
,	O
a	O
decreased	O
proportion	O
of	O
the	O
respondents	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
felt	O
susceptible	O
to	O
contracting	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
expected	O
a	O
large	O
outbreak	O
would	O
eventually	O
occur	O
,	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
impacts	O
of	O
H5N1	B-DISO
were	O
worse	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
anticipated	O
adopting	O
more	O
types	O
of	O
preventive	O
measures	O
and	O
experiencing	O
mental	O
distress	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
small	O
-	O
scale	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
(	O
AOR	B-FUNC
from	O
0	O
.	O
27	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
43	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
but	O
the	O
public	O
remained	O
vigilant	O
on	O
public	O
health	O
behaviors	B-PROC
,	O
such	O
as	O
hand	O
-	O
washing	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
Systemic	B-DISO
Inflammatory	I-DISO
Response	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
)	O
score	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
Interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
)	O
level	O
on	O
admission	O
as	O
predictor	O
of	O
illness	O
severity	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
SAP	O
).	O

In	O
105	O
patients	O
with	O
SIRS	B-DISO
score	O
3	O
and	O
higher	O
,	O
initial	O
measured	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
levels	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
remaining	O
129	O
patients	O
(	O
72	O
+/-	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Telbivudine	B-CHED
preserves	O
T	O
-	O
helper	O
1	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
and	O
downregulates	O
programmed	O
death	B-PROC
ligand	B-CHED
1	O
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
immunomodulatory	O
properties	O
of	O
telbivudine	B-CHED
,	O
independent	O
of	O
its	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
-	O
induced	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
further	O
delineate	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
function	O
relationships	O
of	O
the	O
domain	O
III	O
and	O
the	O
long	O
loop	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
some	O
truncated	O
and	O
mutated	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
forms	O
bearing	O
various	O
combinations	O
of	O
the	O
loop	O
with	O
other	O
structural	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
enzyme	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genome	O
informatics	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
:	O
from	O
data	O
sharing	O
to	O
shared	O
analytical	O
capabilities	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
all	O
three	O
excess	O
mortalities	O
were	O
at	O
their	O
highest	O
in	O
May	O
,	O
2003	O
,	O
when	O
inter	O
-	O
hospital	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
peaking	O
.	O

JHMV	O
infection	B-DISO
induced	I-DISO
the	O
rapid	O
and	O
sustained	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
transcripts	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
ELR	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
chemokine	I-PRGE
ligands	O
CXCL1	B-PRGE
and	O
CXCL2	B-PRGE
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
their	O
binding	B-FUNC
receptor	O
CXCR2	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
was	O
enriched	O
within	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
during	O
chronic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Inclusion	O
of	O
CXCL1	B-PRGE
within	O
JHMV	O
infected	O
cultures	O
restricted	O
caspase	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
and	O
increased	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
that	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
decrease	O
in	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
mice	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
HB	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EGF	I-PRGE
(	O
I	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
R	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
HB	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EGF	I-PRGE
),	O
the	O
I	O
/	O
R	O
group	O
had	O
more	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
decreased	O
survival	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE	B-PRGE
)	O
2	O
is	O
a	O
homolog	O
to	O
the	O
carboxypeptidase	B-PRGE
ACE	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
generates	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
main	O
active	O
peptide	B-CHED
of	O
renin	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-PATH
(	O
RAS	B-PRGE
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vectored	O
vaccines	O
to	O
protect	O
against	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
derived	O
vector	O
(	O
rTGEV	O
)	O
was	O
generated	O
,	O
expressing	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
wild	O
type	O
or	O
modified	O
GP5	B-PRGE
and	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
described	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
inducers	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Since	O
the	O
ratios	O
of	O
these	O
sequences	O
generally	O
remained	O
constant	O
in	O
the	O
quasispecies	O
population	O
during	O
replication	O
,	O
factors	O
that	O
could	O
affect	O
the	O
balance	B-PROC
of	O
virulent	O
to	O
avirulent	O
sequences	O
during	O
viral	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
of	O
birds	B-SPEC
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

The	O
effect	O
of	O
a	O
prior	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
by	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
infectious	B-SPEC
bursal	I-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
on	O
the	O
subsequent	O
emergence	O
of	O
virulent	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
examined	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
during	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outbreak	O
of	O
2003	O
,	O
sustained	O
uncertainty	O
caused	O
daily	O
stress	O
for	O
residents	O
for	O
>	O
3	O
months	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
may	O
not	O
be	O
the	O
key	O
determinant	O
of	O
viral	O
pathogenicity	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
factor	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
to	O
evade	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
we	O
recently	O
showed	O
that	O
inefficient	O
immune	O
activation	O
and	O
a	O
poor	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
underlie	O
severe	O
disease	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
extend	O
these	O
results	O
to	O
show	O
that	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
,	O
were	O
sufficient	O
to	O
significantly	O
enhance	O
survival	O
and	O
diminish	O
clinical	O
disease	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
evidence	O
of	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
or	O
hepatic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
quite	O
possible	O
that	O
mass	O
casualties	O
from	O
a	O
terrorist	O
incident	O
or	O
major	O
industrial	O
accident	O
involving	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
large	O
quantities	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
TICs	B-DISO
would	O
place	O
a	O
severe	O
burden	O
on	O
already	O
scarce	O
intensive	O
care	O
facilities	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
despite	O
improvements	O
in	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
,	O
pharmacological	O
intervention	O
for	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
remains	O
problematical	O
.	O

Hepatocyte	B-PROC
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PROC
(	O
HGF	B-DISO
)	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
epithelial	O
specificity	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

This	O
retrospective	O
case	O
series	O
spans	O
December	O
2002	O
to	O
January	O
2009	O
of	O
survivors	O
transferred	O
to	O
an	O
echelon	O
IV	O
military	O
trauma	O
center	O
in	O
Europe	O
serving	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
evacuation	O
hub	O
for	O
ongoing	O
combat	B-CHED
operations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
pathological	O
characteristics	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
resulting	O
from	O
influenza	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Supernatants	O
of	O
these	O
strains	O
inhibited	O
TGE	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
in	O
ST	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
without	O
any	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
even	O
after	O
72	O
h	O
of	O
incubation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cell	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapies	O
to	O
promote	O
remyelination	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
viral	O
model	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
surface	O
-	O
enhanced	O
Raman	O
spectroscopy	O
(	O
SERS	O
)	O
coupled	O
with	O
gold	B-CHED
SERS	O
-	O
active	O
substrates	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
and	O
discriminate	O
7	O
food	O
-	O
and	O
waterborne	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
norovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
paramyxovirus	O
,	O
and	O
herpersvirus	O
.	O

After	O
capturing	O
the	O
characteristic	O
SERS	O
spectral	O
patterns	O
,	O
multivariate	O
statistical	O
analyses	O
,	O
including	O
soft	O
independent	O
modeling	O
of	O
class	B-SPEC
analogy	O
(	O
SIMCA	O
)	O
and	O
principal	O
component	O
analysis	O
(	O
PCA	B-DISO
),	O
were	O
employed	O
to	O
analyze	O
SERS	O
spectral	O
data	O
for	O
characterization	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
viruses	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
SIMCA	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
differentiate	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
and	O
without	O
envelope	B-COMP
with	O
>	O
95	O
%	O
of	O
classification	O
accuracy	O
,	O
while	O
PCA	B-DISO
presented	O
clear	O
spectral	O
data	O
segregations	O
between	O
different	O
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
identified	O
an	O
RSS	B-DISO
from	O
a	O
medically	O
important	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
mammalian	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
genome	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
genetic	O
organization	O
of	O
MHV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
was	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
other	O
strains	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
important	O
determinants	O
of	O
pneumopathogenicity	O
are	O
contained	O
within	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
genome	O
,	O
but	O
additional	O
important	O
virulence	B-PROC
factors	O
must	O
be	O
encoded	O
in	O
the	O
genome	O
upstream	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hens	O
were	O
vaccinated	O
during	O
the	O
rearing	O
phase	O
with	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
vaccines	O
commercially	O
available	O
in	O
Australia	O
(	O
Vic	O
S	O
and	O
A3	O
)	O
or	O
left	O
unvaccinated	O
and	O
then	O
challenged	O
with	O
the	O
N1	O
/	O
88	O
strain	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
at	O
30	O
wk	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

The	O
loss	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
infectivity	O
was	O
frequently	O
accompanied	O
by	O
loss	O
of	O
hemagglutinating	O
activity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
severe	O
form	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
are	O
major	O
causes	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
high	O
rates	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
induced	O
indirect	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
by	O
intraperitoneal	O
injection	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
and	O
direct	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
by	O
intratracheal	O
injection	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
in	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
and	O
Sftpd	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
during	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
19	O
of	O
the	O
37	O
patients	O
,	O
weaning	B-PROC
and	O
extubation	O
became	O
possible	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
24	O
hours	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
prototype	O
OC43	O
strain	O
of	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
has	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
infect	O
human	B-SPEC
neuronal	O
and	O
glial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
does	O
persist	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
brains	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
It	O
is	O
known	O
that	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
a	O
severe	O
infectious	B-DISO
illness	O
,	O
which	O
caused	O
an	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Asia	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
has	O
extensive	O
and	O
complex	O
effects	O
on	O
human	B-SPEC
organ	B-ANAT
systems	I-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
About	O
9	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
participants	O
reported	O
that	O
their	O
perceptions	O
of	O
life	O
became	O
more	O
pessimistic	O
following	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
crisis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serum	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
electrophoresis	O
in	O
155	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
All	O
serum	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
electrophoresis	O
(	O
SPE	O
)	O
results	O
obtained	O
between	O
2002	O
and	O
2009	O
from	O
clinical	O
cases	O
presented	O
to	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Bristol	O
Feline	O
Centre	O
were	O
examined	O
retrospectively	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
fifty	O
-	O
five	O
results	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
inclusion	O
criteria	O
.	O

A	O
monoclonal	B-DISO
gammopathy	I-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
four	O
cats	B-SPEC
;	O
one	O
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
one	O
with	O
lymphoma	B-DISO
and	O
two	O
cases	O
of	O
splenic	B-ANAT
plasmacytoma	B-DISO
(	O
one	O
suspected	O
,	O
one	O
confirmed	O
).	O

The	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
varied	O
with	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
the	O
affected	O
animals	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
bovine	B-SPEC
-	O
respiratory	O
-	O
complex	O
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
young	O
stock	O
,	O
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
dysentery	B-DISO
only	O
in	O
the	O
lactating	O
stock	O
.	O

The	O
route	O
of	O
introduction	O
of	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
into	O
Israel	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
elucidated	O
.	O

Most	O
cases	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
primary	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
only	O
one	O
case	O
was	O
positive	O
for	O
a	O
urinary	O
pneumococcal	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
was	O
a	O
retrospective	O
chart	O
review	O
of	O
H1N1	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
between	O
July	O
and	O
September	O
2009	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
such	O
a	O
strategy	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
collapse	B-DISO
,	O
leading	O
to	O
cyclic	O
opening	O
and	O
closing	O
of	O
atelectatic	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
and	O
distal	O
airways	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
RM	O
is	O
conventional	O
sustained	O
inflation	O
,	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	O
and	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
side	O
effects	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
minimized	O
by	O
newly	O
proposed	O
strategies	O
:	O
prolonged	O
or	O
incremental	O
PEEP	O
elevation	O
;	O
pressure	O
-	O
controlled	O
ventilation	O
with	O
fixed	B-ANAT
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
increased	O
driving	O
pressure	O
;	O
pressure	O
-	O
controlled	O
ventilation	O
applied	O
with	O
escalating	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
constant	O
driving	O
pressure	O
;	O
and	O
long	O
and	O
slow	O
increase	O
in	O
pressure	O
.	O

Current	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
RMs	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
before	O
setting	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
after	O
ventilator	O
circuit	O
disconnection	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
maneuver	O
to	O
overcome	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
their	O
routine	O
use	O
does	O
not	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
justified	O
at	O
present	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
plays	O
an	O
essential	O
role	O
in	O
virion	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
via	O
interactions	O
with	O
the	O
large	O
,	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	B-COMP
viral	I-COMP
genome	I-COMP
and	O
the	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminal	O
endodomain	O
of	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
M	O
).	O

The	O
resulting	O
viral	O
mutant	B-DISO
was	O
severely	O
defective	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
individual	O
domains	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
responsible	O
for	O
N	O
-	O
RNA	O
,	O
N	O
-	O
M	O
,	O
or	O
N	O
-	O
N	O
interactions	O
were	O
completely	O
interchangeable	O
between	O
BCoV	O
and	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
lesion	O
in	O
the	O
BCoV	O
N	O
substitution	O
mutant	B-DISO
could	O
be	O
compensated	O
for	O
by	O
reverting	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
central	O
,	O
serine	B-CHED
-	O
and	O
arginine	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
(	O
SR	O
)	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Thenar	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
(	O
StO	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
was	O
also	O
measured	O
with	O
near	O
-	O
infrared	O
spectroscopy	O
(	O
NIRS	O
)	O
during	O
a	O
vascular	B-DISO
occlusion	B-PROC
test	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
patients	O
received	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
therapies	O
:	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
),	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
),	O
prone	O
position	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
),	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
),	O
and	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
50	O
mg	O
·	O
hr	O
(-	O
6	O
)	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
).	O

To	O
test	O
this	O
hypothesis	O
,	O
an	O
in	O
vitro	O
model	O
of	O
dual	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
-	O
adapted	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
abortus	I-SPEC
or	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
pecorum	I-SPEC
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
was	O
established	O
.	O

Dual	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
abortus	I-SPEC
revealed	O
a	O
heterogenous	O
mix	O
of	O
inclusion	O
types	O
including	O
small	O
inclusions	O
consisting	O
of	O
aberrant	O
bodies	O
(	O
ABs	O
),	O
medium	O
-	O
sized	O
inclusions	O
consisting	O
of	O
ABs	O
and	O
reticulate	O
bodies	O
and	O
normal	O
inclusions	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
we	O
confirm	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
alters	O
the	O
developmental	O
cycle	O
of	O
member	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Chlamydiaceae	I-SPEC
,	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
manner	O
to	O
other	O
well	O
-	O
described	O
persistence	O
induction	O
methods	O
.	O

The	O
survey	O
included	O
questions	O
regarding	O
individual	O
perceptions	O
,	O
motivating	O
factors	O
,	O
and	O
behaviors	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
hand	O
washing	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
transmission	O
.	O

Study	O
participants	O
who	O
were	O
female	O
(	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
79	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
90	O
)	O
who	O
perceived	O
of	O
hand	O
washing	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
(	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
34	O
-	O
12	O
.	O
15	O
)	O
and	O
illness	O
severity	O
to	O
be	O
greater	O
(	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
12	O
)	O
washed	O
their	O
hands	B-ANAT
more	O
frequently	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
comprise	O
two	O
biotypes	O
:	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FECV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
).	O

FECV	B-SPEC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
asymptomatic	O
persistent	O
enteric	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
while	O
FIPV	O
causes	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
a	O
usually	O
fatal	O
systemic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
and	O
some	O
wild	O
Felidae	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Studies	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
pathology	B-DISO
in	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
induces	O
phenotypic	O
conversion	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
-	O
like	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
whether	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
ligand	B-PROC
to	O
trigger	O
the	O
conversion	O
of	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Papain	B-ENZY
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
from	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
:	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
and	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
toward	O
viral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
substrates	O
.	O

These	O
enzymes	O
mediate	O
the	O
processing	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
precursor	O
polyproteins	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
and	O
are	O
also	O
thought	O
to	O
modulate	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
functions	O
to	O
facilitate	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quantification	O
of	O
circulating	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
free	O
DNA	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
patients	O
with	O
obstructive	B-DISO
sleep	B-PROC
apnea	I-DISO
-	O
hypopnea	O
syndrome	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
examine	O
whether	O
serum	B-COMP
DNA	O
concentrations	O
were	O
elevated	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
obstructive	B-DISO
sleep	I-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
-	O
hypopnea	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
OSAHS	B-DISO
).	O

Univariate	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
serum	B-COMP
DNA	O
correlated	O
positively	O
with	O
AHI	O
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
desaturation	O
index	O
(	O
ODI	O
),	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
MDA	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
negatively	O
correlated	O
with	O
minimal	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
(	O
miniSaO	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
(	O
all	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

In	O
stepwise	O
multiple	O
regression	O
analysis	O
,	O
only	O
MDA	B-CHED
and	O
miniSaO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
were	O
suggested	O
as	O
significant	O
independent	O
predictors	O
for	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
DNA	O
concentrations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Treating	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
Microbial	O
World	O
:	O
Report	O
of	O
Two	O
Workshops	O
on	O
Novel	O
Antimicrobial	B-CHED
Therapeutics	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
At	O
the	O
request	O
of	O
the	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Allergy	B-DISO
and	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
,	O
two	O
committees	O
established	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Research	O
Council	O
organized	O
workshops	O
to	O
identify	O
promising	O
new	O
approaches	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
therapeutics	O
(	O
Appendix	B-ANAT
A	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
is	O
not	O
perfect	O
for	O
Influenza	O
A	O
and	O
numerous	O
transmissions	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
pigs	B-SPEC
or	O
poultry	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
described	O
these	O
years	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
enhanced	O
DNA	B-PROC
unwinding	I-PROC
was	O
observed	O
for	O
gapped	O
DNA	O
substrates	O
that	O
had	O
a	O
5	O
'-	O
overhang	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
translocated	O
nsP13	O
molecules	O
pile	B-DISO
up	O
and	O
the	O
preceding	O
helicase	B-PRGE
facilitate	O
DNA	B-PROC
unwinding	I-PROC
.	O

Together	O
with	O
the	O
propensity	O
of	O
oligomer	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
nsP13	O
molecules	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
that	O
the	O
cooperative	O
translocation	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
functionally	O
interacting	O
oligomers	O
of	O
the	O
helicase	B-PRGE
molecules	I-PRGE
loaded	O
onto	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
overhang	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
observed	O
enhanced	O
processivity	O
of	O
DNA	B-PROC
unwinding	I-PROC
.	O

Among	O
compounds	O
tested	O
,	O
the	O
fluorene	B-CHED
compound	O
4b	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
possess	B-DISO
the	O
most	O
potent	O
activity	O
(	O
EC	O
(	O
50	O
)=	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
microM	O
),	O
lower	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
(	O
CC	O
(	O
50	O
)>	O
50	O
microM	O
),	O
and	O
significantly	O
better	O
pharmacokinetic	O
properties	O
compared	O
to	O
its	O
corresponding	O
fluorenone	B-CHED
compound	O
4c	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
indicated	O
that	O
forsythoside	O
A	O
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
prevent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
prevalence	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
was	O
55	O
.	O
8	O
%.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
showed	O
that	O
groups	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
CoVs	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
Bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
/	O
China	O
/	O
A515	O
/	O
2005	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
nt	O
sequence	O
identity	O
)	O
and	O
Bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
/	O
HKU9	O
-	O
1	O
/	O
China	O
/	O
2007	O
(	O
83	O
%	O
identity	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

Fruit	O
bats	O
infected	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
show	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
new	O
systemic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
resembles	O
the	O
dry	O
form	O
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
Europe	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
addresses	O
the	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
pathology	B-DISO
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
this	O
ferret	B-SPEC
FIP	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
disease	O
.	O

Surface	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
spike	O
and	O
staining	O
with	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
suggested	O
low	O
antigenic	O
overlap	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
the	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
showed	O
higher	O
similarity	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
BtCoV	O
/	O
BM48	O
-	O
31	O
/	O
Bulgaria	B-SPEC
/	O
2008	O
than	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
any	O
Chinese	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
borne	O
CoV	O
.	O
Critical	O
spike	O
domains	O
472	O
and	O
487	O
were	O
identical	O
and	O
similar	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
for	O
rapid	O
detection	O
and	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
pseudorabies	B-DISO
and	O
gene	O
-	O
deleted	O
virus	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
.	O

One	O
group	O
of	O
primers	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
detect	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
strains	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
strains	O
with	O
the	O
gE	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
group	O
of	O
primers	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
detect	O
both	O
PRV	B-DISO
gE	O
-	O
vaccine	O
and	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
strains	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
strains	O
with	O
the	O
gG	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
the	O
gE	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
).	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
CPV	B-SPEC
was	O
58	O
per	O
cent	O
(	O
95	O
per	O
cent	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]	O
52	O
to	O
63	O
per	O
cent	O
),	O
with	O
some	O
evidence	O
for	O
regional	O
variation	O
.	O

Large	O
herd	O
size	O
,	O
being	O
located	O
in	O
southern	O
Sweden	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
providing	O
boots	O
for	O
visitors	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
being	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
positive	O
to	O
BCV	B-SPEC
and	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
indicates	O
that	O
local	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
daily	O
visiting	O
milk	O
trucks	O
and	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
unlikely	O
to	O
be	O
important	O
sources	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
area	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
was	O
produced	O
by	O
lung	B-ANAT
lavage	O
in	O
eight	O
pigs	B-SPEC
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
After	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
ventilated	O
with	O
a	O
VT	O
of	O
10	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
DeltaPP	O
increased	O
from	O
8	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
7	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
9	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
to	O
18	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
CI	O
,	O
15	O
.	O
3	O
to	O
21	O
.	O
7	O
%;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Two	O
of	O
6	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
had	O
increased	O
macro	O
-	O
CK1	B-PRGE
and	O
increased	O
CK	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
BB	I-FUNC
activity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
mapping	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	B-PRGE
Cap	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
activation	O
interface	O
between	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp10	O
and	O
nsp16	O
.	O

Alanine	B-CHED
-	O
scanning	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
,	O
bioinformatics	O
,	O
and	O
molecular	O
modeling	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
several	O
""""	O
hot	B-DISO
spots	I-DISO
","""	O
such	O
as	O
Val	B-CHED
(	O
42	O
),	O
Met	B-CHED
(	O
44	O
),	O
Ala	B-CHED
(	O
71	O
),	O
Lys	B-CHED
(	O
93	O
),	O
Gly	B-CHED
(	O
94	O
),	O
and	O
Tyr	B-CHED
(	O
96	O
),	O
forming	O
a	O
continuous	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
surface	O
of	O
about	O
830	O
Å	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
bearing	O
very	O
conserved	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
among	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
nsp10	O
-	O
nsp16	O
interface	O
may	O
represent	O
an	O
attractive	O
target	O
for	O
antivirals	B-CHED
against	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
pathogenic	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Despite	O
a	O
deletion	O
of	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
strong	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
stimulated	O
genes	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
IFNAR1	B-PRGE
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
contributing	O
to	O
clearance	O
of	O
the	O
virus	O
.	O

Among	O
10	O
bats	B-SPEC
with	O
complete	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
),	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
),	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
genes	O
sequenced	O
,	O
three	O
and	O
two	O
sequence	O
clades	O
for	O
all	O
three	O
genes	O
were	O
codetected	O
in	O
two	O
and	O
five	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
coexistence	O
of	O
two	O
or	O
three	O
distinct	O
genotypes	O
of	O
Ro	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
HKU9	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
bat	B-ENZY
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
H1N1	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
in	O
a	O
previously	O
fit	B-DISO
woman	O
at	O
24	O
weeks	O
of	O
gestation	B-PROC
,	O
who	O
presented	O
atypically	O
with	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
ORF8a	O
protein	O
is	O
39	O
residues	O
long	O
and	O
contains	O
a	O
single	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
.	O

A	O
plaque	B-DISO
assay	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
19	O
extracts	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
extract	O
required	O
to	O
inhibit	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
replication	O
(	O
EC	O
(	O
50	O
))	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
A59	O
strain	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
)	O
was	O
determined	O
.	O

Little	O
information	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
Panton	O
-	O
Valentine	O
leukocidin	O
expressing	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
support	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
large	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
center	O
,	O
we	O
reviewed	O
our	O
experience	O
and	O
outcomes	O
with	O
Panton	O
-	O
Valentine	O
Leukocidin	O
expressing	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Locally	O
held	O
register	O
of	O
all	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
patients	O
at	O
Glenfield	O
Hospital	O
.	O

After	O
varying	O
periods	B-PROC
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
appropriate	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
and	O
ancillary	O
care	O
,	O
all	O
four	O
patients	O
were	O
discharged	O
home	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
titer	O
of	O
25V16G	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
was	O
50	O
-	O
and	O
250	O
-	O
fold	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
JHMV	O
at	O
5	O
and	O
7	O
d	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

One	O
explanation	O
for	O
the	O
greater	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
25V16G	O
is	O
that	O
25V16G	O
escapes	O
CTL	B-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
protection	O
in	O
B6	O
-	O
GKO	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
experimental	O
model	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
in	O
viral	O
persistence	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Significantly	O
better	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
higher	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
difference	O
was	O
noted	O
in	O
the	O
Surf	O
and	O
Bude	O
+	O
Surf	O
groups	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
but	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
Surf	O
and	O
Bude	O
+	O
Surf	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Microbiological	O
and	O
pathological	O
examination	O
of	O
fatal	O
calf	B-ANAT
pneumonia	B-DISO
cases	O
induced	O
by	O
bacterial	O
and	O
viral	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
infectious	O
origin	O
of	O
fatal	O
cases	O
of	O
calf	B-ANAT
pneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
studied	O
in	O
48	O
calves	O
from	O
27	O
different	O
herds	O
on	O
postmortem	O
examination	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
multiple	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
in	O
23	O
/	O
40	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
cases	O
indicated	O
the	O
complex	O
origin	O
of	O
fatal	O
calf	B-ANAT
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
pancreatitis	O
and	O
abdominal	B-DISO
compartment	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	O
indications	O
and	O
optimal	O
time	O
for	O
surgical	O
decompression	O
may	O
avoid	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
multiple	O
-	O
organ	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Surgical	O
decompression	O
of	O
the	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
.	O

Diarrhoea	B-DISO
was	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
case	O
herd	O
calves	O
.	O

The	O
immunoreactivity	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
MAb	O
to	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
conserved	O
domain	O
in	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
tail	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
virus	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
.	O

E121Q	O
and	O
E121L	O
M	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
capable	O
of	O
forming	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
)	O
when	O
coexpressed	O
with	O
E	O
,	O
whereas	O
E121R	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
E121K	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
were	O
not	O
.	O

HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
,	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
identified	O
in	O
a	O
clinical	O
sample	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
major	O
challenge	O
for	O
successful	O
propagation	O
on	O
all	O
immortalized	O
cells	B-COMP
tested	O
to	O
date	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
were	O
prospectively	O
collected	O
from	O
182	O
children	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
croup	B-DISO
at	O
Seoul	O
National	O
University	O
Bundang	O
Hospital	O
from	O
January	O
2005	O
to	O
June	O
2009	O
.	O

Agreement	O
with	O
reference	O
tests	O
was	O
optimal	O
for	O
BCoV	O
(	O
kappa	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
833	O
)	O
and	O
substantial	O
for	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
detection	O
(	O
kappa	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
648	O
).	O

the	O
internal	O
control	O
,	O
ND5	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
detected	O
successfully	O
in	O
all	O
reactions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
and	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
evaluation	O
of	O
Schiff	B-CHED
bases	I-CHED
of	O
some	O
2	O
-	O
phenyl	B-CHED
quinazoline	B-CHED
-	O
4	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
H	O
-	O
ones	O
.	O

Cytotoxicity	B-DISO
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
were	O
evaluated	O
against	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
1	O
(	O
KOS	O
),	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
2	O
(	O
G	O
),	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
1	O
TK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
KOS	I-PRGE
ACVr	I-PRGE
,	O
para	B-PRGE
influenza	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
,	I-PRGE
reovirus	B-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
Sindbis	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	I-PRGE
Coxsackie	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
B4	I-PRGE
,	O
Punta	B-SPEC
Toro	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
),	O
feline	B-SPEC
herpes	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
subtype	O
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H3N2	B-CHED
subtype	O
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
at	O
different	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
pregnancy	O
on	O
subsequent	O
reproductive	O
performance	O
in	O
gilts	O
and	O
sows	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
reproductive	B-PROC
performance	O
of	O
gilts	O
and	O
sows	O
depended	O
on	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
when	O
the	O
females	O
were	O
exposed	O
to	O
the	O
pathogen	O
,	O
and	O
parity	O
number	O
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
first	O
30	O
days	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
decrease	O
of	O
TB	O
by	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
7	O
vs	O
.	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
piglets	O
/	O
litter	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
decrease	O
of	O
BA	O
by	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
7	O
vs	O
.	O
8	O
.	O
5	O
piglets	O
/	O
litter	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
gilts	O
'	O
litters	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
on	O
TB	O
and	O
BA	O
was	O
not	O
significant	O
in	O
sows	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Atrial	B-ANAT
natriuretic	O
peptide	B-CHED
attenuates	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
leak	O
:	O
role	O
of	O
PAK1	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
current	O
study	O
examined	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
Rac	B-PRGE
effector	I-PRGE
p21	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
PAK1	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
ANP	B-PRGE
-	O
protective	O
effects	O
in	O
the	O
model	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
induced	O
by	O
bacterial	O
wall	O
LPS	B-DISO
.	O

C57BL	O
/	O
6J	O
mice	B-SPEC
or	O
ANP	O
knockout	O
mice	B-SPEC
(	O
Nppa	O
(-/-))	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
LPS	B-DISO
(	O
0	O
.	O
63	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
intratracheal	O
)	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
ANP	O
(	O
2	O
μg	O
/	O
kg	O
iv	O
).	O

Endothelial	B-ANAT
barrier	O
properties	O
were	O
assessed	O
by	O
morphological	O
analysis	O
and	O
measurements	O
of	O
transendothelial	O
electrical	O
resistance	O
.	O

ANP	B-PRGE
treatment	O
stimulated	O
Rac	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
PAK1	B-PRGE
phosphorylation	B-PROC
,	O
attenuated	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
permeability	O
caused	O
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
decreased	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
cell	B-COMP
and	O
protein	B-CHED
accumulation	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
suppressed	O
Evans	O
blue	O
extravasation	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
sensitive	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
(	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
)	O
assay	O
was	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
visual	O
detection	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
antivirals	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
EBV	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
is	O
debatable	O
.	O

45	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
manifestations	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
mononucleosis	I-DISO
received	O
antivirals	B-CHED
(	O
as	O
an	O
adjunct	O
to	O
steroids	B-CHED
in	O
26	O
of	O
them	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
physicians	O
may	O
consider	O
using	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
in	O
severe	O
manifestations	O
of	O
EBV	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
immunocompetent	O
patients	O
as	O
an	O
adjunct	O
to	O
steroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
while	O
neurons	B-ANAT
are	O
the	O
predominant	O
CNS	B-CHED
cell	B-COMP
type	I-COMP
infected	O
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
the	O
canonical	O
receptor	O
for	O
MHV	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
carcinoembryonic	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
member	I-PRGE
CEACAM1a	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
only	O
on	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
microglia	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
investigate	O
whether	O
CEACAM1a	O
is	O
also	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
other	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
,	O
ceacam1a	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
was	O
quantified	O
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
tissues	B-ANAT
and	O
primary	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Infection	O
with	O
FCoV	O
can	O
result	O
in	O
a	O
diverse	O
range	O
of	O
signs	O
from	O
clinically	O
inapparent	O
infections	B-DISO
to	O
a	O
highly	O
fatal	O
disease	O
called	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

At	O
present	O
,	O
a	O
definitive	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
established	O
only	O
by	O
histopathological	O
examination	O
of	O
biopsies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
conserved	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
fragment	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
gene	O
of	O
Swine	B-DISO
Transmissible	I-DISO
Gastroenteritis	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
chosen	O
as	O
the	O
target	O
,	O
six	O
special	O
primers	O
were	O
designed	O
successfully	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
protein	B-CHED
6	O
conformations	O
required	O
to	O
impede	O
protein	B-PROC
import	I-PROC
into	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
.	O

Protein	B-CHED
6	O
is	O
minimally	O
bifunctional	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
lipophilic	O
part	O
implicated	O
in	O
accelerating	O
viral	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
a	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
hydrophilic	O
part	O
interfering	O
with	O
general	O
protein	B-PROC
import	I-PROC
into	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
authors	O
describe	O
here	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
foam	O
sclerotherapy	O
under	O
C	O
-	O
arm	O
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
guidance	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
gastric	B-DISO
varices	I-DISO
via	O
balloon	O
-	O
occluded	B-DISO
retrograde	O
transvenous	O
obliteration	O
in	O
seven	O
patients	O
and	O
percutaneous	O
transhepatic	O
obliteration	O
in	O
one	O
patient	O
.	O

All	O
gastric	B-DISO
varices	I-DISO
were	O
occluded	B-DISO
successfully	O
after	O
replacement	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
by	O
foam	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
trapped	O
in	O
the	O
gastric	B-DISO
varices	I-DISO
as	O
shown	O
by	O
C	O
-	O
arm	B-ANAT
CT	O
.	O

It	O
also	O
helped	O
reduce	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
sclerosant	O
,	O
an	O
issue	O
that	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
complications	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
,	O
allergy	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
severe	O
Clostridium	B-DISO
difficile	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
CDI	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
at	O
increased	O
risk	O
for	O
IAH	B-FUNC
and	O
ACS	B-FUNC
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
not	O
considered	O
a	O
surgical	O
candidate	O
,	O
was	O
refractory	O
to	O
escalating	O
non	O
-	O
surgical	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
died	B-PROC
following	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
of	O
life	O
support	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
few	O
data	O
about	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
among	O
HCWs	O
.	O

During	O
6	O
months	O
of	O
surveillance	O
,	O
526	O
HCWs	O
were	O
confirmed	O
positive	O
for	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

Among	O
all	O
PCR	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
attack	O
rate	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
clinical	O
HCWs	O
than	O
in	O
nonclinical	O
HCWs	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
vs	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
%;	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
in	O
HCWs	O
in	O
emergency	B-DISO
departments	O
than	O
in	O
HCWs	O
in	O
other	O
hospital	O
locations	O
(	O
17	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
vs	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
GHRP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
attenuated	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
represent	O
a	O
spectrum	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
diffuse	O
,	O
bilateral	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
caused	O
by	O
non	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
cardiogenic	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

Status	O
dystonicus	O
describes	O
the	O
episodes	O
of	O
acute	O
and	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
generalized	O
dystonia	O
,	O
which	O
occasionally	O
manifest	O
themselves	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
dystonic	O
syndromes	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
similarity	O
between	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
case	O
we	O
present	O
and	O
those	O
reported	O
in	O
connection	O
to	O
abrupt	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
of	O
intrathecal	B-ANAT
baclofen	B-CHED
is	O
emphasized	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
similarities	O
between	O
the	O
intrathecal	B-ANAT
baclofen	B-CHED
withdrawal	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
status	O
dystonicus	O
have	O
not	O
previously	O
been	O
highlighted	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
confirm	O
that	O
the	O
IRES	O
-	O
driven	O
dhfr	B-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
generates	O
greater	O
gene	B-DISO
amplification	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
enhances	O
S	O
(	O
TR2	O
)	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
S	O
(	O
TR2	O
)	O
glycoform	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
between	O
suspension	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
-	O
free	O
cultures	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
stable	O
and	O
amplified	O
cell	B-ANAT
clones	I-ANAT
analyzed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
have	O
potential	O
for	O
producing	O
homologous	O
S	O
(	O
TR2	B-PRGE
)	O
on	O
a	O
large	O
scale	O
.	O

Questionnaire	O
results	O
were	O
reviewed	O
in	O
workshops	O
,	O
analysing	O
how	O
differences	O
between	O
national	O
laws	O
might	O
support	O
or	O
hinder	O
regional	O
responses	O
to	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

Respondents	O
examined	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
national	O
laws	O
on	O
the	O
movements	B-PROC
of	O
information	O
,	O
goods	O
,	O
services	O
and	O
people	O
across	O
borders	O
in	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
pandemic	O
,	O
the	O
capacity	O
for	O
surveillance	O
,	O
case	O
detection	O
,	O
case	O
management	O
and	O
community	O
control	O
,	O
the	O
deployment	O
of	O
strategies	O
of	O
prevention	O
,	O
containment	O
,	O
mitigation	O
and	O
recovery	O
and	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
commonalities	O
and	O
disconnects	O
across	O
states	O
.	O

Some	O
states	O
propose	O
use	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
powers	O
that	O
might	O
potentially	O
override	O
human	B-SPEC
rights	O
protections	O
while	O
other	O
states	O
propose	O
to	O
limit	O
interventions	O
to	O
those	O
authorized	O
by	O
public	O
health	O
laws	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Management	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Management	O
includes	O
ventilatory	O
therapy	O
including	O
lower	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
relatively	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
supportive	O
care	O
.	O

Without	O
a	O
major	O
change	O
in	O
bed	O
occupancy	O
rate	O
,	O
nursing	B-PROC
workforce	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
protocol	O
of	O
environmental	O
cleansing	O
throughout	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
a	O
stepwise	O
reduction	O
in	O
ICU	O
onset	O
nonbacteraemic	O
MRSA	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
:	O
from	O
3	O
.	O
54	O
(	O
phase	O
1	O
)	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
26	O
(	O
phase	O
2	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
042	O
)	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
(	O
phase	O
3	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
)	O
per	O
1000	O
-	O
patient	O
-	O
days	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
ESBL	O
-	O
producing	O
organisms	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
a	O
corresponding	O
reduction	O
.	O

However	O
a	O
significant	O
trend	O
improvement	O
of	O
ICU	O
onset	O
MRSA	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
segmented	O
regression	O
analysis	O
can	O
only	O
be	O
demonstrated	O
when	O
comparison	O
was	O
made	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
.	O

However	O
compliance	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
relies	O
largely	O
on	O
a	O
personal	O
commitment	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
increase	O
when	O
personal	O
safety	O
is	O
threatened	O
.	O

Using	O
known	O
kinetic	O
rate	O
constants	O
,	O
the	O
individual	O
contributions	O
of	O
different	O
steps	O
of	O
the	O
translation	B-PROC
elongation	I-PROC
cycle	O
to	O
-	O
1	O
PRF	O
and	O
the	O
ratio	O
between	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
frameshift	B-DISO
products	O
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

A	O
more	O
detailed	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
-	O
1	O
PRF	O
may	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
developing	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapeutics	O
.	O

Both	O
patients	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
necessitating	O
CVVHDF	O
.	O

We	O
determined	O
peak	O
and	O
trough	O
serum	B-COMP
TMP	B-CHED
and	O
SMX	B-CHED
concentrations	O
and	O
the	O
extent	O
of	O
TMP	B-CHED
/	O
SMX	B-CHED
CVVHDF	O
clearance	O
at	O
steady	O
-	O
state	O
while	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
still	O
anuric	O
and	O
oliguric	O
.	O

In	O
both	O
patients	O
,	O
CVVHDF	O
clearance	O
of	O
TMP	B-CHED
ranged	O
from	O
21	O
.	O
5	O
to	O
28	O
.	O
9	O
mL	O
/	O
min	O
,	O
corresponding	O
with	O
normal	O
renal	B-PROC
clearance	I-PROC
(	O
20	O
-	O
80	O
mL	O
/	O
min	O
).	O

Overall	O
,	O
endotracheal	O
tube	O
(	O
ETT	O
)	O
ventilation	O
was	O
required	O
in	O
108	O
(	O
29	O
%),	O
nasal	B-ANAT
CPAP	O
in	O
166	O
(	O
45	O
%)	O
and	O
cot	O
oxygen	B-CHED
in	O
95	O
(	O
26	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enhanced	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
activity	O
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
adapted	O
to	O
suckling	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
MK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
p10	I-PRGE
had	O
four	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
relative	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
strain	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
nucleolar	B-ANAT
proteome	O
was	O
defined	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
and	O
presence	O
of	O
virus	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
the	O
positive	O
strand	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Data	O
sets	O
,	O
potential	O
protein	B-CHED
changes	O
and	O
the	O
functional	O
consequences	O
of	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
validated	O
using	O
independent	O
assays	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
a	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
/	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
approach	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
viral	O
causes	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
illnesses	O
in	O
Cambodia	O
during	O
three	O
consecutive	O
dry	O
seasons	O
.	O

Ninety	O
apparently	O
healthy	O
individuals	O
were	O
included	O
as	O
controls	O
and	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
these	O
samples	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
and	O
envelope	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
major	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
determined	O
as	O
a	O
protective	O
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
humoral	O
responses	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
of	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
may	O
contain	O
a	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitope	B-CHED
cluster	O
revealed	O
by	O
the	O
immunogenic	O
and	O
structural	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
truncated	O
peptides	B-CHED
overlapping	O
with	O
Mn2	O
and	O
Md3	O
.	O

Among	O
patients	O
who	O
developed	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
evidence	O
to	O
support	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
to	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
Pao	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
Fio	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
33	O
),	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
67	O
),	O
or	O
mortality	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
78	O
)	O
by	O
race	O
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
these	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
inability	O
to	O
control	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
following	O
SCI	O
is	O
not	O
level	O
dependent	O
and	O
that	O
increased	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
due	O
to	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
both	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Antineutrophil	O
cytoplasmic	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
associated	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
disorder	O
for	O
which	O
medical	O
therapy	O
has	O
greatly	O
improved	O
survival	O
.	O

The	O
co	O
-	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
multiple	O
IBV	B-SPEC
types	O
and	O
the	O
ongoing	O
emergence	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
variants	O
are	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
challenges	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
of	O
burn	O
victims	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
consisted	O
of	O
six	O
groups	O
:	O
a	O
sham	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
,	O
instrumented	O
noninjured	O
),	O
a	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
,	O
injured	O
and	O
not	O
treated	O
),	O
and	O
tiotropium	O
bromide	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
groups	O
,	O
including	O
both	O
preinjury	O
and	O
postinjury	O
nebulization	O
protocols	O
.	O

EMBASE	O
-	O
PubMed	O
,	O
MEDLINE	O
(	O
OVID	O
),	O
SCI	B-PRGE
/	O
Web	B-DISO
of	O
Science	O
,	O
the	O
Cochrane	O
Library	O
,	O
Google	O
Scholar	O
,	O
and	O
personal	O
files	O
.	O

To	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
brachial	B-DISO
neuritis	I-DISO
with	O
bilateral	O
phrenic	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
involvement	O
and	O
diaphragmatic	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
after	O
2	O
days	O
of	O
therapy	O
with	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
early	O
,	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

(	O
Funded	O
by	O
Assistance	O
Publique	O
-	O
Hôpitaux	O
de	O
Marseille	O
and	O
the	O
Programme	O
Hospitalier	O
de	O
Recherche	O
Clinique	O
Régional	O
2004	O
-	O
26	O
of	O
the	O
French	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
;	O
ClinicalTrials	O
.	O
gov	O
number	O
,	O
NCT00299650	O
.)	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
at	O
90	O
days	O
in	O
the	O
cisatracurium	O
group	O
,	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
placebo	O
group	O
,	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
68	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
0	O
.	O
48	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
),	O
after	O
adjustment	O
for	O
both	O
the	O
baseline	O
PaO2	O
:	O
FIO2	O
and	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
and	O
the	O
Simplified	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
II	O
score	O
.	O

The	O
rate	O
of	O
ICU	O
-	O
acquired	O
paresis	B-DISO
did	O
not	O
differ	O
significantly	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

Single	O
application	O
of	O
only	O
low	O
vector	O
doses	O
elicited	O
strong	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
lasting	O
cytotoxic	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
responses	O
,	O
providing	O
protective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
and	O
antitumor	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
DCs	B-DISO
transduced	O
with	O
Melan	O
-	O
A	O
-	O
recombinant	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
efficiently	O
activated	O
tumor	B-DISO
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fifteen	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
isolated	O
from	O
broiler	O
and	O
broiler	O
breeder	O
flocks	O
in	O
Slovenia	O
between	O
1990	O
and	O
2005	O
were	O
molecularly	O
characterised	O
.	O

The	O
typical	O
manifestation	O
of	O
severe	O
diseases	O
was	O
diffuse	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
report	O
,	O
the	O
recombinant	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
expressing	O
chicken	B-PRGE
granulocyte	B-ANAT
-	I-PRGE
macrophage	B-ANAT
colony	I-PRGE
stimulating	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
GM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
nephropathogenic	O
IBV	B-SPEC
were	O
constructed	O
and	O
characterized	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
with	O
rAd	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
,	O
rAd	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
GM	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
(	O
GM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
fused	O
with	O
S1	O
using	O
glycine	B-CHED
linkers	O
)	O
and	O
rAd	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
GM	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
plus	O
rAd	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
(	O
co	O
-	O
administered	O
)	O
developed	O
specific	O
anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
HI	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
over	O
70	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
:	O
Precipitating	O
factors	O
of	O
decompensation	O
].	O

There	O
is	O
limited	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
precipitating	O
factors	O
of	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
decompensation	O
in	O
this	O
population	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
precipitating	O
factors	O
of	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
decompensation	O
in	O
89	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
were	O
atrial	B-ANAT
tachyarrhythmia	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
21	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
severe	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
(	O
17	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
12	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
severe	O
hypoalbuminemia	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
9	O
.	O
1	O
%).	O

In	O
most	O
patients	O
over	O
70	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
identify	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
precipitating	O
factors	O
of	O
decompensation	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
variables	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
were	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
hypoalbuminemia	O
,	O
systolic	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
<	O
110mmHg	O
,	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
>	O
10	O
.	O
000	O
per	O
mm³	O
and	O
valvular	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
UTR	O
and	O
S1	O
gene	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
for	O
the	O
five	O
IB	O
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
that	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
classified	O
indicated	O
that	O
four	O
belonged	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
subgroups	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
was	O
a	O
potential	O
recombinant	O
strain	O
(	O
between	O
strains	O
from	O
subgroups	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
HRM	O
curve	O
analysis	O
can	O
rapidly	O
assign	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
IB	O
viruses	B-SPEC
present	O
in	O
field	O
submissions	O
to	O
known	O
subgroups	O
.	O

The	O
sPLA	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
and	O
sPLA	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
expression	B-PROC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
were	O
detected	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
Western	O
blotting	O
.	O

Administration	O
of	O
QYT	O
can	O
reduce	O
the	O
injury	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
by	O
decreasing	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
sPLA	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
in	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
level	O
and	O
thus	O
protecting	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
this	O
family	B-SPEC
is	O
now	O
recognized	O
as	O
including	O
potent	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
causing	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
nosocomial	O
ones	O
.	O

Within	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
developing	O
new	O
antiseptics	O
molecules	O
,	O
the	O
antiseptic	O
virucidal	O
activity	O
of	O
two	O
calix	B-CHED
[	I-CHED
4	I-CHED
]	I-CHED
arene	I-CHED
derivatives	O
,	O
the	O
tetra	B-CHED
-	O
para	B-CHED
-	O
sulfonato	B-CHED
-	O
calix	B-CHED
[	I-CHED
4	I-CHED
]	I-CHED
arene	I-CHED
(	O
C	O
[	O
4	O
]	O
S	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
bis	B-FUNC
(	O
bithiazolyl	O
)-	O
tetra	B-CHED
-	O
para	B-CHED
-	O
sulfonato	B-CHED
-	O
calix	B-CHED
[	I-CHED
4	I-CHED
]	I-CHED
arene	I-CHED
(	O
C	O
[	O
4	O
]	O
S	O
-	O
BTZ	O
)	O
were	O
evaluated	O
toward	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
229E	O
).	O

In	O
vitro	O
,	O
the	O
pretreatment	O
of	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
with	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
proteasome	B-PATH
(	O
pyrrolidine	B-CHED
dithiocarbamate	O
[	O
PDTC	O
],	O
MG132	O
,	O
and	O
PS	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
341	I-CHED
)	O
markedly	O
inhibited	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
replication	O
at	O
an	O
early	O
step	O
in	O
its	O
replication	O
cycle	O
,	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
production	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
further	O
suggest	O
that	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
proteasome	B-PATH
may	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
new	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
tracheostomy	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
treated	O
with	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
guided	O
by	O
serial	O
surveillance	O
cultures	O
of	O
endotracheal	O
aspirates	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
identified	O
Neural	B-PRGE
Cell	I-PRGE
Adhesion	I-PRGE
Molecule	I-PRGE
(	O
NCAM	B-PRGE
)	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
interacting	O
partner	O
of	O
the	O
PHE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
a	O
soluble	O
form	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
NCAM	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
blocked	O
association	O
of	O
the	O
PHE	B-CHED
-	O
CoV	O
with	O
N2a	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
siRNA	O
targeted	B-PROC
against	O
NCAM	O
inhibited	O
PHE	B-CHED
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
novel	O
interaction	O
was	O
identified	O
between	O
NCAM	O
and	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
this	O
association	O
is	O
critical	O
during	O
PHE	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
siRNA	O
targeted	B-PROC
against	O
NCAM	O
inhibited	O
PHE	B-CHED
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
scoring	O
functionality	O
that	O
evaluates	O
the	O
fitness	O
of	O
the	O
docking	B-PROC
result	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
challenges	O
in	O
virtual	O
screening	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
undifferentiated	O
febrile	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
in	O
adult	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
:	O
the	O
disease	O
spectrum	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
predictors	O
-	O
an	O
experience	O
from	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospital	O
in	O
South	O
India	O
.	O

An	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
prospective	O
,	O
observational	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
adults	O
(	O
age	O
>	O
16	O
years	O
)	O
who	O
presented	O
with	O
an	O
undifferentiated	O
febrile	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
of	O
duration	O
5	O
-	O
21	O
days	O
,	O
requiring	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

Normal	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
counts	O
,	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
splenomegaly	O
and	O
hyperbilirubinaemia	B-DISO
with	O
mildly	O
elevated	O
serum	B-PRGE
transaminases	I-PRGE
were	O
associated	O
with	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

Rash	B-DISO
,	O
overt	O
bleeding	B-DISO
manifestations	O
,	O
normal	O
to	O
low	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
counts	O
,	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
thrombocytopenia	O
and	O
significantly	O
elevated	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
transaminases	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
dengue	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
is	O
central	O
to	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
'	O
s	O
efforts	O
to	O
control	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

This	O
ubiquitous	O
trimethylxanthine	O
,	O
pervasively	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
diet	O
and	O
beverages	O
,	O
significantly	O
impacts	O
on	O
major	O
acute	O
neonatal	O
morbidities	O
including	O
apnea	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
prematurity	I-DISO
,	O
bronchopulmonary	B-DISO
dysplasia	I-DISO
,	O
patent	O
ductus	O
arteriousus	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
surgical	O
ligation	O
and	O
post	O
-	O
operative	O
apnea	B-DISO
.	O

Potential	O
uses	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
as	O
suggested	O
by	O
improved	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
in	O
primate	B-SPEC
models	O
is	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
decreased	O
time	O
on	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
need	O
for	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

Increased	O
effector	B-CHED
function	O
at	O
the	O
single	O
-	O
cell	O
level	O
was	O
also	O
evident	O
by	O
elevated	O
granzyme	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
specifically	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CNS	B-CHED
CD8	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Although	O
enhanced	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
activity	O
accelerated	O
virus	B-SPEC
control	O
,	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
succumbed	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

B7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H1	I-PRGE
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
extensive	O
loss	O
of	O
axonal	O
integrity	O
,	O
although	O
demyelination	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
hallmark	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
was	O
not	O
increased	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
coronaviruses	O
from	O
four	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
zoo	O
ruminants	B-SPEC
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
entire	O
deduced	O
aa	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
HE	I-PRGE
glycoproteins	I-PRGE
revealed	O
no	O
specific	O
differences	O
that	O
would	O
account	O
for	O
discrimination	O
between	O
bovine	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
strains	O
from	O
zoo	O
ruminants	B-SPEC
and	O
BcoVs	O
strains	O
.	O

These	O
emerging	O
sublineages	O
display	O
varying	O
levels	O
of	O
drug	B-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
and	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
an	O
increased	O
preference	O
for	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
α2	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
linked	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
cellular	B-COMP
receptors	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
,	O
clinical	O
features	O
,	O
prophylaxis	O
and	O
treatment	O
options	O
,	O
and	O
preventative	O
measures	O
recommended	O
for	O
AIV	O
with	O
an	O
emphasis	O
on	O
H5N1	B-DISO
.	O

Causes	O
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
shock	O
were	O
:	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
(	O
28	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
acute	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
of	O
unknown	O
aetiology	O
(	O
21	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
drug	O
-	O
induced	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
failure	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
post	O
-	O
infarction	B-DISO
cardiac	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
12	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
post	O
-	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
and	O
refractory	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
(	O
6	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

The	O
M	O
gene	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

51	O
%	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
required	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
,	O
45	O
%	O
received	O
systemic	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
91	O
%	O
received	O
initial	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
coverage	O
.	O

Pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
either	O
mock	O
-	O
infected	O
or	O
infected	O
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
known	O
to	O
cause	O
immunosuppressive	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
then	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
with	O
PRCV	O
,	O
which	O
normally	O
causes	O
subclinical	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
vaccine	O
dose	O
and	O
each	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
on	O
immunogenicity	O
and	O
efficacy	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
vaccine	O
dose	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
the	O
AS01	O
(	O
B	O
)	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
and	O
efficacy	O
in	O
hamsters	B-SPEC
.	O

Vaccine	O
with	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
provided	O
better	O
protection	O
than	O
non	O
-	O
adjuvanted	O
WI	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
at	O
this	O
later	O
time	O
point	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
in	O
early	O
phase	O
,	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
might	O
affect	O
iNOS	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
cytokines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
(	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
)	O
activity	O
of	O
1	B-CHED
,	I-CHED
8	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
cineole	I-CHED
was	O
studied	O
by	O
MTT	B-CHED
assay	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
docking	B-PROC
and	O
molecular	B-PROC
dynamic	I-PROC
(	O
MD	O
)	O
simulations	O
.	O

Lymphopenia	B-DISO
and	O
increased	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
frequently	O
observed	O
(	O
83	O
%	O
and	O
65	O
%	O
among	O
PCR	O
+	O
and	O
PCR	O
-	O
respectively	O
).	O

H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
attitudes	O
and	O
perceived	O
practice	O
for	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
in	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evolved	O
variants	O
of	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
can	O
partially	O
replace	O
the	O
envelope	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
assembly	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Efficient	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
by	O
the	O
transmembrane	O
protease	O
TMPRSS2	O
.	O

To	O
test	O
this	O
,	O
the	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
and	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
cells	B-COMP
labeled	O
with	O
fluorescent	O
probes	O
of	O
different	O
colors	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
between	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
tested	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Effective	O
prediction	O
of	O
future	O
viral	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
requires	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
heterologous	O
viral	O
population	O
in	O
key	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
that	O
will	O
likely	O
serve	O
as	O
reservoir	O
hosts	B-COMP
or	O
intermediates	O
during	O
the	O
next	O
viral	O
epidemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Five	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
MAbs	O
)	O
against	O
recombinant	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
NP	O
)	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
causing	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
were	O
developed	O
by	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
technology	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
respiratory	O
coinfection	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
pandemic	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
the	O
respiratory	O
status	O
and	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
including	O
adults	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
requiring	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
VV	O
ECMO	O
)	O
to	O
maintain	O
respiratory	O
status	O
.	O

The	O
pre	O
-	O
ECMO	O
ventilator	O
time	O
was	O
shorter	O
in	O
group	O
A	O
than	O
in	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
.	O
Significant	O
differences	O
were	O
found	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
in	O
the	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
ratio	O
and	O
LIS	B-FUNC
from	O
pre	O
-	O
ECMO	O
introduction	O
to	O
72	O
hours	O
after	O
.	O

ECMO	O
flow	O
in	O
group	O
A	O
could	O
be	O
weaned	B-PROC
for	O
48	O
hours	O
after	O
introduction	O
,	O
significantly	O
different	O
compared	O
with	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
.	O
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
early	O
introduction	O
of	O
ECMO	O
may	O
be	O
desirable	O
if	O
the	O
causes	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
are	O
recoverable	O
.	O

Tendon	B-ANAT
reflexes	B-PROC
were	O
reduced	O
in	O
eight	O
and	O
brisk	O
in	O
four	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
is	O
caused	O
primarily	O
by	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
-	O
dependent	O
and	O
platelet	B-ANAT
-	O
dependent	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
and	O
epithelial	O
barriers	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

Resolution	O
is	O
delayed	O
because	O
of	O
injury	O
to	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
barrier	O
,	O
which	O
prevents	O
removal	O
of	O
alveolar	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
fluid	O
and	O
deprives	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
of	O
adequate	O
quantities	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
prevents	O
added	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
by	O
the	O
same	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
that	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
life	O
support	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
adaptation	B-PROC
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
distinguish	O
conclusively	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
processes	O
that	O
generate	O
genetic	B-DISO
change	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Perioperative	O
red	O
blood	O
cell	O
transfusion	O
is	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
address	O
anemia	B-DISO
,	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
after	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
operations	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
evidence	O
regarding	O
optimal	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
practice	O
in	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
is	O
lacking	O
.	O

The	O
Transfusion	O
Requirements	O
After	O
Cardiac	B-ANAT
Surgery	O
(	O
TRACS	O
)	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
prospective	O
,	O
randomized	O
,	O
controlled	O
clinical	O
noninferiority	O
trial	O
conducted	O
between	O
February	O
2009	O
and	O
February	O
2010	O
in	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
at	O
a	O
university	O
hospital	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
referral	O
center	O
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O

Composite	O
end	O
point	O
of	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
all	O
-	O
cause	O
mortality	O
and	O
severe	O
morbidity	O
(	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
acute	O
renal	B-ANAT
injury	O
requiring	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
or	O
hemofiltration	O
)	O
occurring	O
during	O
the	O
hospital	O
stay	O
.	O

Independent	O
of	O
transfusion	O
strategy	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
transfused	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
units	O
was	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
clinical	O
complications	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
at	O
30	O
days	O
(	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
for	O
each	O
additional	O
unit	O
transfused	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
];	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
002	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
given	O
to	O
a	O
16	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
girl	O
with	O
cystic	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
,	O
candida	B-SPEC
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Small	B-ANAT
bowel	I-ANAT
resection	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
performed	O
because	O
of	O
an	O
acute	O
ileus	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
16	O
-	O
year	O
old	O
girl	O
with	O
mucoviscidosis	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
ECMO	O
is	O
a	O
another	O
treatment	O
option	O
for	O
serious	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
worsening	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
cystic	I-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
(	O
95	O
[	O
90	O
%])	O
had	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
more	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

More	O
patients	O
had	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
each	O
HCoV	O
strain	O
(	O
104	O
[	O
99	O
%]	O
had	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
105	O
[	O
100	O
%]	O
had	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
103	O
[	O
98	O
%]	O
had	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
96	O
[	O
91	O
%]	O
had	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
)	O
than	O
had	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
each	O
HCoV	O
strain	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
wash	O
specimens	O
(	O
12	O
[	O
11	O
%]	O
had	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
22	O
[	O
22	O
%]	O
had	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
8	O
[	O
8	O
%]	O
had	O
antibody	B-FUNC
to	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
31	O
[	O
31	O
%]	O
had	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
),	O
respectively	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

The	O
rapid	O
induction	O
of	O
autoantibodies	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
suggests	O
that	O
ongoing	O
systemic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
associated	O
tissue	B-ANAT
destruction	O
mediate	O
the	O
break	O
in	O
tolerance	B-DISO
against	O
these	O
self	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
series	O
of	O
pyrazolone	O
compounds	O
as	O
possible	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
were	O
designed	O
,	O
synthesized	O
,	O
and	O
evaluated	O
by	O
in	O
vitro	O
protease	O
assay	O
using	O
fluorogenic	O
substrate	O
peptide	B-CHED
in	O
which	O
several	O
showed	O
potent	O
inhibition	B-PROC
against	O
the	O
3CL	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

P5	O
and	O
P3	O
positions	O
prefer	O
residues	O
with	O
high	O
β	O
-	O
sheet	O
propensity	O
;	O
P4	O
prefers	O
small	O
hydrophobic	O
residues	O
;	O
P2	O
prefers	O
hydrophobic	O
residues	O
without	O
β	O
-	O
branch	B-ANAT
.	O

Gln	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
best	O
residue	O
at	O
P1	O
position	O
,	O
but	O
observable	O
cleavage	B-PROC
can	O
be	O
detected	O
with	O
His	O
and	O
Met	O
substitutions	O
.	O

Cholesterol	B-DISO
depletion	I-DISO
from	O
viral	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
may	O
not	O
affect	O
the	O
adsorption	O
process	O
as	O
neither	O
the	O
sialic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
nor	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
aminopeptidase	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
was	O
reduced	O
post	O
-	O
MβCD	O
treatment	O
.	O

Reduced	O
infectivity	O
of	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
-	O
depleted	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
was	O
observed	O
only	O
when	O
the	O
adsorption	O
process	O
occurred	O
at	O
37	O
°	O
C	O
but	O
not	O
when	O
the	O
virus	O
was	O
applied	O
at	O
4	O
°	O
C	O
.	O

Recombinant	B-PRGE
plasmid	I-PRGE
pSY	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
/	O
IL18	B-PRGE
was	O
constructed	O
by	O
cloning	O
chicken	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
into	O
fowlpox	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
transfer	O
plasmid	O
containing	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
transfected	O
into	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
pre	O
-	O
infected	O
with	O
S	O
-	O
FPV	B-SPEC
-	O
017	O
to	O
generate	O
rFPV	O
-	O
S1	O
/	O
IL18	B-PRGE
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
IFA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
(	O
siRNA	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
duplex	O
RNA	O
molecules	O
of	O
21	O
-	O
25	O
nt	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
in	O
length	O
functioning	O
post	O
-	O
transcriptionally	O
to	O
downregulate	O
targeted	B-PROC
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
.	O

Real	O
time	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
revealed	O
that	O
siRNA	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
3	O
'	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
si	O
-	O
M2	O
)	O
induced	O
more	O
potent	O
inhibition	B-PROC
than	O
that	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
5	O
'	O
half	O
(	O
si	O
-	O
M1	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunogenicity	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
generated	O
strong	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
the	O
SL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
mTNFR1shRNA	O
plasmid	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
mTNFR1	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
markedly	O
ameliorates	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
infiltration	I-DISO
,	O
prolonged	O
the	O
survival	O
time	O
period	O
and	O
elevated	O
the	O
survival	O
rate	O
from	O
0	O
up	O
to	O
13	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
in	O
Balb	O
/	O
cJ	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
induced	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
disease	O
continued	O
to	O
progress	O
for	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
days	O
and	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
showed	O
that	O
all	O
29	O
patients	O
had	O
increased	O
solid	O
lesions	O
with	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
lesions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
the	O
first	O
documented	O
case	O
of	O
morbillivirus	O
infection	O
in	O
a	O
wild	O
,	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
Siberian	O
tiger	B-SPEC
(	O
Panthera	B-SPEC
tigris	I-SPEC
altaica	I-SPEC
).	O

Her	O
condition	B-DISO
progressed	O
rapidly	O
with	O
neurological	O
signs	O
,	O
anorexia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
ultimately	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
animal	B-SPEC
also	O
was	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
positive	O
for	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-DISO
panleukopenia	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
pandemic	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
an	O
H1N1	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
represents	O
a	O
quadruple	O
reassortment	O
of	O
2	O
swine	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
1	O
human	B-SPEC
strain	O
,	O
and	O
1	O
avian	B-SPEC
strain	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

Until	O
February	O
1	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
47	O
cases	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
Inf	O
A	O
)	O
were	O
recorded	O
by	O
the	O
Spanish	O
Society	O
of	O
Nephrology	O
in	O
kidney	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

In	O
these	O
cases	O
we	O
determined	O
H1N1	O
Inf	O
A	O
pandemic	O
variant	O
by	O
detection	O
of	O
Inf	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
Matrix	I-PRGE
Protein	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
M2	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
specific	O
H1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
H1N1	O
2009	O
with	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
reaction	I-PRGE
Inf	I-PRGE
A	O
/	O
H1N1	O
(	O
Roche	O
).	O

Antimalarial	B-CHED
treatment	O
was	O
continued	O
for	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
7	O
days	O
followed	O
by	O
primaquine	B-CHED
for	O
14	O
days	O
once	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
smear	O
results	O
revealed	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
ovale	I-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
.	O

At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
models	O
provide	O
a	O
unique	O
platform	O
for	O
studying	O
the	O
biology	O
and	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
ncRNAs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Permissive	O
hypoxemia	O
is	O
a	O
lung	O
-	O
protective	O
strategy	O
that	O
aims	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
a	O
level	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
delivery	O
that	O
is	O
adequate	O
to	O
avoid	O
tissue	B-ANAT
hypoxia	B-DISO
while	O
minimizing	O
the	O
detrimental	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
often	O
toxic	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
required	O
to	O
maintain	O
normal	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Although	O
it	O
has	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
studied	O
,	O
this	O
approach	O
is	O
theorized	O
to	O
improve	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
of	O
critically	O
ill	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Eleven	O
of	O
the	O
15	O
patients	O
had	O
increased	O
serum	B-COMP
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
levels	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
above	O
245	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
.	O
Three	O
patients	O
had	O
elevated	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
levels	O
at	O
admission	O
.	O

Findings	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
were	O
consistent	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
all	O
patients	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
superior	O
protection	O
for	O
the	O
aged	O
observed	O
with	O
VRP	O
(	O
3000	O
)-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
a	O
lethal	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
challenge	O
model	O
.	O

Exploration	O
into	O
the	O
mechanism	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
of	O
successful	O
vaccination	O
in	O
the	O
immunosenescent	O
should	O
aid	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
successful	O
vaccine	O
strategies	O
for	O
other	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
disproportionately	O
affecting	O
the	O
elderly	O
,	O
like	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
norovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
other	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
B	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
were	O
measured	O
in	O
257	O
subjects	O
with	O
recurrent	O
unipolar	O
and	O
bipolar	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
and	O
healthy	O
controls	O
,	O
by	O
SCID	B-DISO
.	O

ACoRN	O
Respiratory	O
Score	O
was	O
correlated	O
with	O
Score	O
for	O
Neonatal	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
-	O
Version	O
II	O
(	O
SNAP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
is	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
complicating	O
of	O
MOSF	O
and	O
most	O
patients	O
require	O
prolonged	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
The	O
125	O
cases	O
included	O
94	O
male	O
and	O
31	O
female	O
infants	O
,	O
vaginal	B-ANAT
delivery	O
occurred	O
in	O
80	O
cases	O
and	O
cesarean	O
section	O
in	O
45	O
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
with	O
a	O
recombinant	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
expressing	O
a	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescence	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
facilitated	O
specific	O
selection	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
subsequent	O
establishment	O
of	O
persistence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
8b	O
reduces	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
by	O
down	O
-	O
regulating	O
E	O
via	O
an	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
-	O
independent	O
proteasome	O
pathway	O
.	O

By	O
using	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
stably	O
expressing	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescence	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	O
tagged	O
8b	O
,	O
ectopic	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
of	O
8b	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
significantly	O
reduce	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
progeny	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
down	O
-	O
regulate	O
E	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

Of	O
the	O
study	O
patients	O
,	O
878	O
(	O
42	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
had	O
elevated	O
cTnT	O
and	O
1200	O
patients	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
had	O
undetectable	O
cTnT	O
.	O
During	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
troponin	O
T	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
died	O
compared	O
to	O
21	O
%	O
of	O
those	O
with	O
troponin	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
≥	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
(	O
P	O
<.	O
0001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
of	O
ISG20	B-PRGE
in	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
ISG20	B-PRGE
is	O
an	O
interferon	O
-	O
inducible	O
3	O
'-	O
5	O
'	O
exonuclease	O
that	O
inhibits	O
replication	O
of	O
several	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
exerted	B-PROC
by	O
EPs	O
®	O
7630	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
features	O
of	O
children	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
malaria	B-PATH
--	O
a	O
study	O
from	O
Bikaner	O
,	O
northwest	O
India	O
.	O

This	O
prospective	O
study	O
was	O
done	O
on	O
303	O
admitted	O
children	O
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

Severe	O
disease	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
49	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
150	O
/	O
303	O
)	O
children	O
with	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
with	O
the	O
risk	O
greatest	O
among	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
monoinfection	O
(	O
63	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
[	O
65	O
/	O
103	O
])	O
compared	O
with	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
,	O
either	O
alone	O
(	O
42	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
[	O
79	O
/	O
185	O
];	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
]	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
)	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
40	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
76	O
],	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
or	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
40	O
%	O
[	O
6	O
/	O
15	O
];	O
OR	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
57	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
88	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
48	O
]).	O

Two	O
international	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
teams	O
responsible	O
for	O
healthcare	O
worker	O
safety	O
during	O
the	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
outbreak	O
reviewed	O
the	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
algorithms	O
.	O

Despite	O
strong	O
evidence	O
for	O
vaccination	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
prophylaxis	O
providing	O
significant	O
protection	O
,	O
clinicians	O
believed	O
they	O
required	O
the	O
additional	O
combinations	O
of	O
both	O
masks	O
and	O
face	B-DISO
shields	O
.	O

ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
characterized	O
by	O
lung	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
increased	O
permeability	O
of	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
barrier	O
and	O
subsequent	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
not	O
only	O
mediates	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
but	O
also	O
induces	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
affinity	O
purified	O
anti	O
-	O
RBD	O
antibodies	B-COMP
possessed	B-DISO
robust	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggested	O
that	O
HeLa	O
cell	B-ANAT
extracts	I-ANAT
and	O
cultured	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
not	O
RRL	O
,	O
contain	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
factor	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
that	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
nsp1	I-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
translational	B-PROC
suppression	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
hydrophobic	O
domain	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
alters	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
secretory	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
and	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
release	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
made	O
in	O
excess	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
ion	B-FUNC
channel	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
in	O
planar	O
lipid	B-ANAT
bilayers	I-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
for	O
the	O
unincorporated	O
E	O
or	O
its	O
ion	B-FUNC
channel	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
has	O
not	O
been	O
described	O
.	O

The	O
phenotype	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
EG3	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
hydrophobic	O
domain	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
E	O
may	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
forward	O
trafficking	B-PROC
of	O
cargo	O
,	O
so	O
we	O
determined	O
whether	O
IBV	B-SPEC
E	O
facilitated	O
the	O
delivery	O
of	O
cargo	O
to	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
.	O

The	O
ResPlex	O
II	O
additionally	O
detects	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
229E	O
,	O
OC43	O
,	O
NL63	O
,	O
HKU1	O
),	O
coxsackie	O
/	O
echo	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
differentiates	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
B	O
,	O
E	O
).	O

While	O
the	O
ResPlex	O
II	O
and	O
MultiCode	O
-	O
PLx	O
offer	O
a	O
broader	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
range	O
and	O
greater	O
ease	O
of	O
use	O
,	O
the	O
xTAG	O
PRV	B-DISO
showed	O
increased	O
sensitivity	O
to	O
common	O
viral	O
targets	O
represented	O
in	O
the	O
assays	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
had	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
differentiate	O
human	B-SPEC
from	O
non	O
-	O
human	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
,	O
radiologic	O
features	O
,	O
reasons	O
of	O
misdiagnosis	O
,	O
experiences	O
in	O
treatment	O
and	O
prognosis	O
of	O
4	O
children	O
with	O
lymphoma	B-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
novel	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
during	O
chemotherapy	O
were	O
analyzed	O
retrospectively	O
.	O

Two	O
of	O
them	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

All	O
the	O
4	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
phosphate	I-CHED
.	O

Methylprednisolone	B-CHED
was	O
used	O
in	O
3	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
might	O
be	O
easily	O
misdiagnosed	O
as	O
sepsis	B-DISO
at	O
early	O
stage	O
.	O

During	O
H1N1	O
prevalent	O
season	O
when	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
occurred	O
,	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
.	O

Early	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
use	O
of	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
phosphate	I-CHED
and	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
IVIG	O
and	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
might	O
reduce	O
the	O
mortality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
causes	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
less	O
frequently	O
than	O
RSV	B-SPEC
in	O
hospitalized	O
Norwegian	O
children	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
found	O
in	O
68	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
7	O
%):	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
n	O
=	O
44	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
n	O
=	O
24	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
are	O
common	O
among	O
hospitalized	O
Norwegian	O
children	O
with	O
RTI	B-DISO
.	O

Children	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
have	O
LRTI	B-DISO
less	O
frequently	O
and	O
may	O
need	O
a	O
shorter	O
hospital	O
stay	O
than	O
children	O
with	O
RSV	B-SPEC
.	O

After	O
adjusting	O
for	O
age	O
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
LRTI	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
co	O
-	O
detection	O
of	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
multiple	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
,	O
HCoV	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
shorter	O
fever	B-PROC
period	O
and	O
shorter	O
hospitalization	O
time	O
than	O
RSV	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
nvA	B-CHED
(	O
H1N1	O
)-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
,	O
obesity	B-DISO
and	O
lymphocytopenia	B-DISO
were	O
more	O
common	O
and	O
IP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
12	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
15	I-FUNC
,	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
TNF	O
)	O
α	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
9	I-FUNC
were	O
significantly	O
increased	O
versus	O
control	O
.	O

Perceived	O
sufficiency	O
of	O
information	O
about	O
several	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
was	O
moderately	O
high	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
overall	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
was	O
considered	O
clear	O
(	O
median	O
7	O
.	O
4	O
/	O
9	O
).	O

Also	O
,	O
perceived	O
sufficiency	O
of	O
information	O
for	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
worry	O
about	O
the	O
pandemic	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	O
)	O
caused	O
thousands	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
worldwide	O
and	O
hundreds	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
just	O
a	O
few	O
months	O
.	O

This	O
possibility	O
has	O
focused	O
continuous	O
action	O
on	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccine	O
research	O
.	O

Inactivated	O
vaccines	O
,	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	O
vector	O
vaccines	O
,	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
vaccines	O
,	O
subunit	O
vaccines	O
,	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
,	O
and	O
live	O
-	O
attenuated	O
virus	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
have	O
been	O
studied	O
in	O
different	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
potential	O
vaccine	O
enhancement	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
have	O
also	O
been	O
shown	O
in	O
some	O
studies	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
receptor	O
for	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
CoV	O
is	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
).	O

ACE2	B-PRGE
immunoprecipitation	O
captured	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
protease	O
/	O
serine	B-CHED
subfamily	B-SPEC
member	O
2	O
(	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
known	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
protease	O
.	O

ACE2	B-PRGE
and	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
colocalized	O
on	O
cell	B-COMP
surfaces	O
and	O
enhanced	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
of	O
both	O
SARS	B-DISO
S	O
-	O
pseudotyped	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
authentic	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Enhanced	O
entry	O
correlated	O
with	O
TMPRSS2	O
-	O
mediated	O
proteolysis	O
of	O
both	O
S	O
and	O
ACE2	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
complex	O
comprising	O
a	O
primary	O
receptor	O
and	O
a	O
separate	O
endoprotease	O
operates	O
as	O
a	O
portal	B-ANAT
for	O
activation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Erythropoetin	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
agent	O
with	O
pleiotropic	O
effects	O
against	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
this	O
treatment	O
strategy	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
single	O
mediator	O
approach	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
rather	O
provides	O
protection	O
by	O
modulating	O
multiple	O
levels	O
of	O
early	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
involved	O
in	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
peroxidation	O
,	O
potentially	O
restoring	O
overall	O
homeostasis	B-PROC
.	O

Levofloxacin	B-CHED
treatment	O
caused	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
acute	O
eosinophilic	O
infiltrate	B-DISO
.	O

Local	O
and	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
were	O
assessed	O
by	O
measuring	O
cytokines	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
neuropathogenesis	B-DISO
:	O
determinants	O
of	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
JHM	O
.	O
SD	O
induces	O
only	O
a	O
minimal	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
strong	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
and	O
the	O
concomitant	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
)	O
induced	O
by	O
the	O
less	O
neurovirulent	O
A59	O
is	O
protective	O
.	O

NATs	O
provide	O
fast	B-FUNC
,	O
accurate	O
and	O
sensitive	O
detection	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
have	O
significantly	O
increased	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Advances	O
in	O
perioperative	O
pain	O
management	O
:	O
use	O
of	O
medications	O
with	O
dual	O
analgesic	B-CHED
mechanisms	O
,	O
tramadol	O
&	O
tapentadol	O
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
analgesic	B-CHED
regimens	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
postoperative	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
priority	O
especially	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
impaired	B-DISO
cardiorespiratory	O
,	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
renal	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
pure	B-FUNC
opioid	B-PROC
agonists	I-PROC
,	O
both	O
drugs	O
are	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
lower	O
risks	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
,	O
tolerance	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
dependence	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
ranging	O
from	O
common	B-DISO
colds	I-DISO
to	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Globally	O
,	O
approximately	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
are	O
caused	O
by	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
double	O
-	O
antibody	B-COMP
sandwich	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
DAS	O
-	O
ELISA	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
tool	O
for	O
identification	O
and	O
differentiation	O
between	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Total	O
liquid	O
ventilation	O
(	O
TLV	O
)	O
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
provide	O
respiratory	O
support	O
superior	O
to	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Ten	O
sheep	B-SPEC
weighing	O
53	O
±	O
4	O
(	O
SD	O
)	O
kg	O
were	O
anesthetized	O
and	O
ventilated	O
with	O
100	O
%	O
oxygen	B-CHED
.	O

Oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
was	O
injected	O
into	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
circulation	B-PROC
until	O
PaO2	O
:	O
FiO2	O
≤	O
60	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
transition	B-DISO
to	O
a	O
protective	O
CMV	B-SPEC
protocol	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
)	O
or	O
TLV	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
)	O
for	O
24	O
hours	O
.	O

Differential	O
methylation	B-PROC
of	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
RNA	O
probably	O
serves	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
for	O
pattern	O
recognition	O
and	O
restriction	O
of	O
propagation	O
of	O
foreign	O
viral	O
RNA	O
in	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

It	O
is	O
caused	O
due	O
to	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
nitrogen	B-CHED
gas	B-ENZY
bubbles	O
that	O
impinge	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
and	O
brain	B-ANAT
and	O
result	O
in	O
severe	O
neurodeficit	O
.	O

Kinetic	O
determinations	O
of	O
the	O
monomer	O
dimer	O
dissociation	B-DISO
constant	O
(	O
K	O
(	O
d	O
))	O
indicated	O
that	O
activation	O
was	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
more	O
active	O
dimer	O
,	O
without	O
significant	O
changes	O
in	O
K	O
(	O
d	O
)	O
values	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preparation	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
polyclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
gene	O
was	O
cloned	O
into	O
prokaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
pGEX	O
-	O
6P	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
recombinant	O
plasmid	O
pGEX	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S1	O
.	O

ELISA	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
had	O
no	O
cross	B-PROC
reaction	I-PROC
with	O
S1	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
an	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

During	O
this	O
same	O
period	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
postpartum	O
hospitalisations	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
tripled	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Severe	O
complications	O
during	O
hospitalisations	O
for	O
delivery	O
among	O
women	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
were	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
2004	O
-	O
2006	O
than	O
in	O
1995	O
-	O
1997	O
.	O

Three	O
kinds	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
S2	O
domain	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
FIPV	O
KU	O
-	O
2	O
strain	O
were	O
developed	O
using	O
a	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
system	O
.	O

It	O
isn	B-CHED
'	O
t	O
every	O
day	O
that	O
a	O
doctor	O
becomes	O
a	O
patient	O
.	O

When	O
status	O
epileptics	B-DISO
or	O
prolonged	O
coma	B-DISO
manifests	O
even	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
brain	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
must	O
consider	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Construction	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
damp	B-CHED
-	O
heat	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
relevant	O
indices	O
].	O

The	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
established	O
using	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
damp	B-CHED
-	O
heat	O
factors	O
can	O
mimic	O
damp	B-CHED
-	O
heat	O
syndrome	B-DISO
described	O
in	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
theory	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
model	O
group	O
showed	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
ratio	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
.	O

ALI	O
and	O
its	O
severe	O
form	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
,	O
despite	O
improvement	O
in	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
.	O

All	O
relevant	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
were	O
identified	O
by	O
a	O
computerized	O
search	O
of	O
PubMed	O
using	O
combinations	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
terms	O
:	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
prone	O
position	O
,	O
drotrecogin	O
,	O
activated	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
septic	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
Fisher	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
carefully	O
observed	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
it	O
occurs	O
concomitantly	O
with	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
or	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
development	B-PROC
to	O
Bickerstaff	B-DISO
brainstem	I-DISO
encephalitis	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
these	O
require	O
specific	O
immune	O
treatments	O
.	O

Large	O
retrospective	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
that	O
neither	O
plasmapheresis	O
nor	O
IVIg	O
alters	O
the	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
Fisher	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
probably	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
good	O
spontaneous	B-PROC
recovery	I-PROC
in	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
immunotherapies	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
Fisher	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
large	O
prospective	O
studies	O
are	O
required	O
.	O

Prospective	O
,	O
observational	O
,	O
multicenter	O
study	O
from	O
23	O
June	O
2009	O
through	O
11	O
February	O
2010	O
,	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
European	O
Society	O
of	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Medicine	B-CHED
(	O
ESICM	O
)	O
H1N1	O
registry	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
received	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
were	O
significantly	O
older	O
and	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
coexisting	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
chronic	O
steroid	B-CHED
use	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
genetic	O
characterization	O
of	O
canine	O
parvoviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
southern	O
Ireland	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
:	O
rare	O
presentation	O
of	O
fat	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
].	O

Angio	O
-	O
CT	O
-	O
scan	O
didn	O
'	O
t	O
show	O
any	O
proximal	O
vascular	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
parenchymal	O
sections	O
showed	O
diffuse	O
,	O
bilateral	O
and	O
multifocal	O
hyperdensities	O
predominating	O
at	O
the	O
periphery	O
.	O

Broncho	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
alveolar	I-ANAT
lavage	O
brought	O
a	O
hemorrhagic	O
liquid	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
content	O
and	O
lipid	B-CHED
inclusions	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
occurrence	O
of	O
intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
course	O
fat	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
is	O
rarely	O
reported	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
female	O
gender	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
chronic	O
medical	O
illnesses	O
diagnosed	O
before	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
avascular	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
were	O
independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
PTSD	B-DISO
at	O
30	O
months	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
study	O
of	O
PTSD	B-DISO
at	O
30	O
months	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
showed	O
that	O
the	O
predictive	O
value	O
of	O
acute	O
medical	O
variables	O
may	O
fade	O
out	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
contrary	O
,	O
the	O
adversity	O
both	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
may	O
be	O
more	O
important	O
in	O
hindering	O
recovery	O
from	O
PTSD	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
plasma	B-ANAT
NEP	O
activity	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
controls	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
target	O
-	O
enriched	O
multiplexing	O
PCR	O
amplification	B-DISO
and	O
Luminex	O
suspension	O
array	O
identification	O
,	O
12	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
RSV	B-SPEC
A	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
are	O
detected	O
and	O
differentiated	B-PROC
simultaneously	O
within	O
five	O
hours	O
.	O

Existing	O
continuous	O
infusions	O
of	O
midazolam	O
,	O
opioids	O
,	O
and	O
neuromuscular	O
blockers	O
were	O
continued	O
during	O
surgery	O
and	O
were	O
augmented	O
by	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
parenteral	O
agents	O
,	O
including	O
propofol	B-CHED
,	O
fentanyl	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
ketamine	B-CHED
during	O
surgery	O
.	O

Subanalysis	O
of	O
the	O
prone	O
cases	O
showed	O
no	O
significant	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
PaO₂	B-PRGE
/	O
FiO₂	O
ratio	O
or	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
but	O
again	O
showed	O
a	O
significant	O
but	O
temporary	O
increase	O
in	O
intraoperative	O
PaCO₂	O
.	O
HFOV	O
was	O
aborted	O
for	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
three	O
cases	O
due	O
to	O
respiratory	O
deterioration	O
(	O
2	O
cases	O
)	O
and	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
case	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Administer	O
chest	O
compressions	O
(	O
minimum	O
100	O
/	O
min	O
,	O
minimum	O
5	O
cm	O
depth	O
)	O
at	O
a	O
ratio	O
of	O
30	O
:	O
2	O
with	O
ventilation	O
(	O
tidal	O
volume	O
500	O
-	O
600	O
ml	O
,	O
inspiration	B-PROC
time	O
1	O
s	O
,	O
F	O
(	O
I	O
)	O
O₂	O
if	O
possible	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
).	O

If	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
remains	O
<	O
60	O
/	O
min	O
,	O
start	O
chest	B-ANAT
compressions	O
(	O
120	O
chest	B-ANAT
compressions	O
/	O
min	O
)	O
and	O
ventilation	O
with	O
a	O
ratio	O
3	O
:	O
1	O
.	O

ACUTE	B-DISO
CORONARY	I-DISO
SYNDROME	I-DISO
:	O
Even	O
if	O
only	O
a	O
weak	O
suspicion	O
of	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
present	O
,	O
record	O
a	O
prehospital	O
12	O
-	O
lead	O
ECG	O
.	O

In	O
parallel	O
to	O
pain	O
therapy	O
,	O
administer	O
aspirin	B-CHED
(	O
160	O
-	O
325	O
mg	O
p	O
.	O
o	O
.	O

Aggressive	B-DISO
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
,	O
hyperventilation	O
and	O
excessive	O
ventilation	O
pressure	O
may	O
impair	O
outcome	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
CD20	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
-	O
cell	O
infiltration	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
fascia	B-ANAT
was	O
also	O
detected	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
,	O
indicating	O
further	O
transition	B-DISO
to	O
DM	O
.	O

The	O
other	O
2	O
cases	O
also	O
required	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
to	O
achieve	O
remission	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
possibility	O
of	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
especially	O
with	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
must	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
cases	O
with	O
atypical	O
presentation	O
and	O
severe	O
illness	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
mortality	O
and	O
main	O
complication	B-DISO
was	O
Weil	O
'	O
s	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
77	O
percent	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
(	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
)	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
detect	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
established	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
differentiated	B-PROC
TGEV	B-SPEC
from	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
pseudorabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
opioid	O
infusion	O
and	O
neonatal	O
outcomes	O
in	O
preterm	O
neonates	O
≤	O
28	O
weeks	O
'	O
gestation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
unmodified	O
peptide	B-CHED
takes	O
on	O
an	O
orientation	O
within	O
lipid	B-ANAT
bilayers	I-ANAT
that	O
is	O
tilted	O
approximately	O
30	O
°	O
away	O
from	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
plane	O
position	O
.	O

Myasthenic	B-DISO
crisis	I-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

On	O
admission	O
,	O
she	O
presented	O
with	O
severe	O
mid	O
-	O
sternal	O
chest	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
and	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
shortly	O
after	O
a	O
personally	O
significant	O
stressful	O
life	O
event	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
reported	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
simultaneous	O
triggering	O
of	O
both	O
takotsubo	B-DISO
cardiomyopathy	I-DISO
and	O
myasthenic	B-DISO
crisis	I-DISO
by	O
the	O
physiologic	O
consequences	O
of	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
severe	O
emotional	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
vanadium	B-CHED
concentration	O
was	O
6	O
.	O
22	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
corresponding	O
to	O
6000	O
times	O
higher	O
than	O
normal	O
concentration	O
in	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
structural	O
analysis	O
of	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
assembly	O
and	O
morphology	O
.	O

The	O
S259	O
/	O
L	O
mutation	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
is	O
always	O
found	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
identified	O
bananin	O
-	O
resistant	O
variants	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
primary	O
role	O
of	O
this	O
mutation	O
site	O
for	O
bananin	O
activity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapid	O
and	O
sensitive	O
detection	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
group	O
a	O
bovine	B-SPEC
rotavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
by	O
using	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
duplex	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
.	O

Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
3	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
CoV	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
positive	O
samples	O
were	O
submitted	O
for	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
CEACAM1a	O
is	O
poorly	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
neurons	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
extremely	O
neurotropic	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strain	O
JHM	O
.	O
SD	O
infects	O
ceacam1a	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
spreads	O
among	O
ceacam1a	O
(-/-)	O
neurons	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
study	O
of	O
6	O
-	O
chloro	B-CHED
-	O
4	O
-(	O
2	O
-	O
chlorophenyl	O
)-	O
3	O
-(	O
2	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
hydroxyethyl	I-CHED
)	O
quinolin	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
2	I-CHED
(	I-CHED
1H	I-CHED
)-	I-CHED
one	I-CHED
derivatives	O
as	O
novel	O
non	O
-	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
hepatitis	I-CHED
B	I-CHED
virus	I-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

Preliminary	O
mechanism	O
study	O
suggested	O
compound	O
44	O
could	O
mainly	O
enhance	O
the	O
transcript	O
activity	O
of	O
HBV	B-DISO
ENI	O
(	O
enhancer	O
I	O
),	O
EN	O
-	O
II	O
(	O
enhancer	O
II	O
).	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
finding	O
such	O
a	O
cut	O
is	O
NP	O
-	O
hard	O
and	O
APX	O
-	O
hard	O
but	O
is	O
fixed	B-ANAT
-	O
parameter	O
tractable	O
,	O
which	O
indicates	O
that	O
although	O
the	O
problem	O
is	O
unlikely	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
polynomial	O
time	O
algorithm	O
(	O
even	O
for	O
approximation	O
),	O
exact	O
parameterized	O
and	O
local	O
search	O
based	O
techniques	O
may	O
produce	O
workable	O
algorithms	O
.	O

This	O
plant	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
vector	O
was	O
transformed	O
into	O
lettuce	O
(	O
Lactuca	B-SPEC
sativa	I-SPEC
L	O
.)	O
using	O
the	O
Agrobacterium	B-SPEC
-	O
mediated	O
transformation	B-DISO
method	O
.	O

Stable	O
integration	B-PROC
and	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
sCTB	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
sCOE	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
confirmed	O
using	O
genomic	O
DNA	O
PCR	O
analysis	O
and	O
northern	O
blot	O
analysis	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Severe	O
disease	O
was	O
noted	O
to	O
occur	O
more	O
commonly	O
in	O
younger	O
patients	O
than	O
those	O
typically	O
affected	O
by	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
obesity	B-DISO
and	O
pregnancy	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Two	O
adult	O
cases	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1v	O
virus	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
hospitalized	O
in	O
the	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
of	O
the	O
Reims	O
University	O
Medical	O
Centre	O
].	O

The	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
was	O
between	O
1	O
/	O
156	O
and	O
1	O
/	O
210	O
in	O
3	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
2	O
cases	O
were	O
normal	O
.	O

All	O
cats	B-SPEC
had	O
severe	O
hyperproteinemia	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
hyperglobulinemia	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
decades	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
consistent	O
scientific	O
and	O
technologic	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
develop	O
alternative	O
strategies	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
further	O
development	O
in	O
this	O
direction	O
will	O
occur	O
only	O
with	O
a	O
permanent	O
integration	B-PROC
and	O
exchange	O
of	O
knowledge	O
among	O
industry	O
,	O
clinicians	O
,	O
and	O
scientific	O
investigators	O
.	O

A	O
3	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
Thoroughbred	O
foal	O
presented	O
with	O
a	O
24	O
-	O
hour	O
history	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
depression	B-DISO
.	O

During	O
hospitalization	O
the	O
foal	O
developed	O
hyperglycemia	B-DISO
concomitantly	O
with	O
low	O
insulin	B-PRGE
concentration	O
and	O
an	O
adequate	O
response	O
to	O
exogenous	O
insulin	B-PRGE
therapy	O
supported	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
Type	B-DISO
1	I-DISO
diabetes	I-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
identify	O
preceding	O
events	O
,	O
demographic	O
,	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
prognostic	O
factors	O
of	O
childhood	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
after	O
post	O
-	O
poliomyelitis	B-DISO
eradication	O
era	B-CHED
in	O
Egypt	O
.	O

Several	O
successive	O
reports	O
confirmed	O
retrospectively	O
that	O
this	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
was	O
circulating	O
in	O
different	O
countries	O
worldwide	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspiration	B-DISO
(	O
NPA	B-CHED
)	O
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
301	O
children	O
with	O
ARTI	O
at	O
the	O
First	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Lanzhou	O
University	O
,	O
Gansu	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
between	O
November	O
2007	O
and	O
October	O
2008	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
the	O
peptides	B-CHED
capable	O
of	O
binding	B-FUNC
the	O
pAPN	O
were	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
identified	O
by	O
biopanning	O
using	O
a	O
random	O
12	O
-	O
mer	O
peptide	B-CHED
library	O
to	O
the	O
immobilized	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
recently	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
minute	O
amounts	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
applied	O
before	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
priming	O
)	O
can	O
ameliorate	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
response	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
IFN	B-PRGE
priming	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
activated	O
genes	O
for	O
IFN	B-PRGE
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
,	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effector	B-CHED
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
ubiquitinylation	B-PROC
and	O
ISGylation	O
,	O
antigen	B-PROC
presentation	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
other	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
,	O
whereas	O
IFN	B-PRGE
treatment	O
or	O
infection	B-DISO
alone	O
had	O
no	O
major	O
effect	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hospitalized	O
children	O
with	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
):	O
comparison	O
to	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

Children	O
under	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
2	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
were	O
significantly	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
require	O
ICU	O
care	O
compared	O
to	O
older	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
reported	O
the	O
NMR	O
assignments	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
alone	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
essential	O
for	O
its	O
solution	O
structure	O
determination	O
.	O

Enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
parainfluenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
were	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
viruses	B-SPEC
found	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
HCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
typical	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
,	O
and	O
serological	O
analysis	O
were	O
also	O
carried	O
out	O
to	O
further	O
characterize	O
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
any	O
significant	O
difference	O
between	O
strains	O
.	O

The	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
showed	O
two	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
deletions	O
and	O
loss	O
of	O
an	O
N	O
-	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
site	O
in	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
virus	B-SPEC
S	O
protein	B-CHED
after	O
passages	O
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
both	O
APRIL	B-PRGE
and	O
BAFF	O
were	O
predominantly	O
localized	O
to	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
levels	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
are	O
rapidly	O
elevated	O
and	O
positively	O
correlated	O
to	O
liver	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
an	O
essential	O
role	O
of	O
Th17	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
in	O
maintaining	O
immune	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
Th1	O
and	O
Th17	O
responses	O
during	O
acute	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
replacement	O
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
2a	O
/	O
haemagglutinin	O
-	O
esterase	B-PRGE
gene	O
with	O
a	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
anchored	O
protein	B-CHED
hook	O
(	O
HK	O
)	O
and	O
replacement	O
of	O
gene	B-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
with	O
EGFP	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
the	O
adaptability	O
and	O
cytopathology	O
of	O
recombinant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
a	O
major	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
b	O
-	O
ELISA	O
specifically	O
detected	O
Taiwan	O
IBV	O
serotypes	O
but	O
not	O
three	O
non	O
-	O
Taiwan	O
IBV	B-SPEC
serotypes	O
nor	O
sera	B-COMP
against	O
other	O
avian	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
reliable	O
diagnostic	O
method	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
clinical	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
field	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

The	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
PEI	B-CHED
/	O
pci	B-PRGE
-	O
S	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
around	O
194	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
99	O
.	O
3	O
nm	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
and	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

PEI	B-CHED
/	O
pci	B-PRGE
-	O
S	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
produced	O
significantly	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
higher	O
S	O
-	O
specific	O
IgG1	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
and	O
mucosal	B-PRGE
secretory	B-PROC
IgA	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
wash	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
pci	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
alone	O
.	O

TEE	O
can	O
be	O
performed	O
safely	O
and	O
efficiently	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
PP	O
.	O

In	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
the	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
N	O
(	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
)	O
associates	O
with	O
the	O
viral	O
RNA	O
to	O
form	O
the	O
filamentous	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
and	O
plays	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
in	O
genome	O
replication	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
structure	O
of	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
MHV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
also	O
implicated	O
its	O
specific	O
affinity	O
with	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
regulatory	O
sequence	O
(	O
TRS	B-DISO
)	O
RNA	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
previously	O
well	O
characterized	O
form	O
of	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
),	O
in	O
equilibrium	B-PROC
between	O
inactive	O
monomer	O
and	O
active	O
dimer	O
,	O
the	O
stable	O
AO	O
-	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
exhibits	O
much	O
higher	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
activity	O
at	O
low	O
concentration	O
.	O

As	O
all	O
eight	O
active	O
sites	O
are	O
bound	O
with	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
polyvalent	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
AO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
polyprotein	O
substrates	O
with	O
multiple	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
,	O
would	O
make	O
AO	O
-	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
functionally	O
much	O
more	O
superior	O
than	O
the	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
active	O
dimer	O
for	O
polyprotein	O
processing	O
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
all	O
three	O
mutants	O
still	O
perform	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
autocleavage	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
dimerization	O
of	O
mature	O
protease	O
and	O
trans	O
-	O
cleavage	B-PROC
activity	O
following	O
auto	O
-	O
processing	O
are	O
completely	O
inhibited	O
by	O
the	O
E290R	O
and	O
R298E	O
mutations	O
and	O
partially	O
so	O
by	O
the	O
R4E	O
mutation	O
.	O

Sequence	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
recent	O
,	O
prevalent	O
Korean	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
field	O
isolates	O
have	O
close	O
relationships	O
to	O
Chinese	O
field	O
strains	O
and	O
differ	O
genetically	O
from	O
European	O
strains	O
and	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
used	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

Soluble	B-PRGE
RAGE	I-PRGE
(	O
sRAGE	O
)	O
level	O
is	O
elevated	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

This	O
study	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
sRAGE	O
was	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
death	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mutation	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
/	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
dependent	O
enhancing	O
epitope	B-CHED
on	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
7b	O
gene	O
of	O
feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
:	O
influences	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
mutation	O
or	O
deletion	O
of	O
two	O
nucleotides	O
in	O
7b	O
gene	O
abrogate	O
the	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
strain	O
FIPV	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Screening	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
T	O
helper	O
1	O
and	O
linear	O
immunodominant	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
epitopes	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
2	O
domain	O
and	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
the	O
S2	O
domain	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
FIPV	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
peptides	I-PRGE
containing	O
linear	O
immunodominant	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
epitopes	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
IH	O
and	O
HR2	O
regions	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
recombinant	O
fowlpox	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
rFPV	O
-	O
IFNγS1	O
)	O
that	O
co	O
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
S1	O
gene	O
and	O
the	O
chicken	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
constructed	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
rFPV	O
-	O
IFNγS1	O
protected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
homotypic	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
LX4	O
and	O
heterotypic	O
strains	O
LHLJ04XI	O
and	O
LHB	B-PRGE
.	O

Highly	O
significant	O
decreases	O
in	O
haematocrit	O
and	O
albumin	B-PRGE
levels	O
and	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
total	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
level	O
were	O
noted	O
in	O
both	O
effusive	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
effusive	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
at	O
first	O
presentation	O
and	O
before	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
packed	O
cell	B-COMP
volume	O
,	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
,	O
AST	B-PRGE
,	O
potassium	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
sodium	O
levels	O
were	O
established	O
to	O
predict	O
disease	O
staging	O
and	O
survival	O
time	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
defined	O
biological	B-CHED
role	I-CHED
for	O
2	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
methylation	B-PROC
of	O
mRNA	B-CHED
remains	O
elusive	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
64	O
consecutive	O
subjects	O
,	O
divided	O
into	O
four	O
groups	O
:	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
15	O
);	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
plus	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
/	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
18	O
);	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
/	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
16	O
);	O
and	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
controls	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
15	O
).	O

Plasma	O
sRAGE	O
levels	O
were	O
measured	O
at	O
baseline	O
and	O
on	O
days	O
3	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
and	O
28	O
(	O
or	O
at	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
whichever	O
occurred	O
first	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
and	O
utility	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
mAbs	O
were	O
capable	O
of	O
reacting	O
with	O
the	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
analysed	O
by	O
ELISA	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
.	O

These	O
mAbs	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
immunofluorescence	O
assays	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
fatal	O
case	O
of	O
acute	O
interstitial	B-DISO
myocarditis	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
novel	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
A	I-DISO
/	I-DISO
H1N1	I-DISO
infection	B-DISO
in	O
an	O
immunocompetent	O
young	O
woman	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
severe	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
(	O
acute	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
or	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
ventricular	B-DISO
fibrillation	I-DISO
)	O
as	O
the	O
leading	O
symptom	B-DISO
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Except	O
for	O
one	O
patient	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
before	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
had	O
been	O
diagnosed	O
,	O
all	O
patients	O
received	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
with	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
and	O
supportive	O
critical	O
care	O
.	O

An	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
/	O
ESI	O
-	O
MS	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
surveillance	O
kit	B-FUNC
designed	O
to	O
detect	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
types	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
,	O
Adenoviridae	B-SPEC
types	O
A	O
-	O
F	O
,	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
was	O
evaluated	O
using	O
both	O
mock	O
-	O
ups	O
and	O
frozen	O
archived	O
NPA	B-CHED
(	O
N	O
=	O
280	O
),	O
95	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
positive	O
by	O
clinical	O
virology	O
methods	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Leukotriene	O
B4	O
(	O
LTB4	B-CHED
)	O
recruits	O
and	O
activates	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
.	O

Symptoms	O
were	O
scored	O
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
lavages	O
carried	O
out	O
.	O

Supernatants	O
from	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
activated	O
by	O
LTB4	B-CHED
in	O
vitro	O
were	O
assayed	O
for	O
virucidal	O
activity	O
against	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Due	O
to	O
their	O
different	O
virulence	B-PROC
and	O
infectivity	O
,	O
both	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
H1N1	O
09	O
revealed	O
different	O
strengths	O
and	O
weaknesses	B-DISO
in	O
our	O
ability	O
to	O
contain	O
new	O
viral	O
threats	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
IFITM	O
proteins	B-CHED
restricted	O
infection	B-DISO
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
entry	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
(	O
GP	O
(	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
))	O
of	O
Marburg	O
and	O
Ebola	O
filoviruses	O
(	O
MARV	O
,	O
EBOV	O
).	O

Only	O
ethanol	B-CHED
reduced	O
infectivity	O
of	O
the	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
by	O
>	O
3	O
-	O
log	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
after	O
1	O
minute	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
the	O
herd	O
status	O
regarding	O
clinical	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
calves	O
and	O
history	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	O
exposure	O
was	O
evaluated	O
based	O
on	O
lung	B-ANAT
auscultations	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
samplings	O
of	O
calves	O
60	O
-	O
90	O
days	O
old	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
calf	B-ANAT
mortality	O
risk	O
(	O
in	O
calves	O
1	O
-	O
90	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
)	O
among	O
HM	O
herds	O
was	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
Range	O
:	O
6	O
-	O
24	O
%)	O
and	O
among	O
LM	O
herds	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
Range	O
:	O
0	O
-	O
2	O
%).	O

The	O
median	O
age	O
at	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
calves	O
in	O
the	O
age	O
interval	O
1	O
-	O
90	O
days	O
that	O
died	B-PROC
during	O
a	O
one	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
among	O
HM	O
herds	O
(	O
13	O
days	O
)	O
than	O
in	O
LM	O
herds	O
(	O
24	O
days	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0013	O
)	O
The	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
calf	B-ANAT
mortality	O
in	O
large	O
Swedish	O
dairy	O
herds	O
.	O

Eighty	O
-	O
three	O
children	O
with	O
confirmed	O
infection	B-DISO
attributable	O
to	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
detected	O
by	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assay	O
between	O
November	O
1	O
and	O
December	O
31	O
,	O
2009	O
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
critical	O
care	O
units	O
.	O

Severe	O
disease	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
were	O
seen	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Different	O
isoforms	O
of	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
)	O
synthase	O
are	O
critically	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Chronically	O
instrumented	O
sheep	B-SPEC
were	O
allocated	O
to	O
a	O
sham	O
-	O
injured	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
an	O
injured	O
and	O
untreated	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
or	O
an	O
injured	O
group	O
treated	O
with	O
simultaneous	O
infusion	O
of	O
selective	O
inducible	O
and	O
neuronal	B-PRGE
NO	I-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
).	O

The	O
treatment	O
fully	O
prevented	O
the	O
elevations	O
in	O
lymph	B-ANAT
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
nitrate	B-CHED
/	O
nitrite	B-CHED
levels	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
shunting	O
,	O
ventilatory	O
pressures	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
lymph	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
wet	O
/	O
dry	O
weight	O
ratio	O
and	O
significantly	O
attenuated	O
the	O
decline	O
in	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
simultaneous	O
blockade	O
of	O
inducible	O
and	O
neuronal	B-PRGE
NO	I-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
exerts	B-PROC
beneficial	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
effects	I-PROC
in	O
an	O
ovine	O
model	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
combined	O
burn	O
and	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
.	O

The	O
regional	O
challenges	O
in	O
control	O
of	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
formidable	O
and	O
range	O
from	O
influencing	O
the	O
factors	O
that	O
drive	O
disease	O
emergence	O
,	O
to	O
making	O
surveillance	O
systems	O
fit	B-DISO
for	O
purpose	O
,	O
and	O
ensuring	O
that	O
regional	O
governance	O
mechanisms	O
work	O
effectively	O
to	O
improve	O
control	O
interventions	O
.	O

The	O
Virochip	O
also	O
successfully	O
detected	O
porcine	B-PRGE
circovirus	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
PCV2	O
)	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
containing	O
2	O
.	O
50	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
8	O
)	O
viral	O
copies	O
per	O
microliter	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PRCV	O
)	O
in	O
turbinate	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
homogenate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
suppressed	O
alpha	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
responses	O
through	O
downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
extracellular	B-PRGE
signal	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
regulated	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
signalling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

Poly	O
-	O
ubiquitination	B-PROC
of	O
ERK1	B-FUNC
showed	O
a	O
relationship	O
between	O
ERK1	B-FUNC
and	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
proteasome	B-PATH
signalling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
IFN	B-PRGE
antagonism	I-PRGE
by	O
PLpro	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
administration	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
is	O
currently	O
not	O
advised	O
in	O
adult	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Faecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
of	O
the	O
challenge	O
virus	B-SPEC
occurred	O
in	O
both	O
treatment	O
groups	O
,	O
but	O
vaccinated	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
found	O
to	O
shed	O
very	O
low	O
viral	O
titres	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
controls	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
equine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
feces	B-ANAT
of	O
adult	O
horses	B-SPEC
with	O
pyrogenic	O
and	O
enteric	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
influence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
obesity	I-DISO
on	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
strategies	O
and	O
responses	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
hypercapnic	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
attacks	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
:	O
obese	B-DISO
(	O
BMI	O
>	O
35	O
kg	O
/	O
m2	O
)	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
obese	B-DISO
(	O
BMI	O
<	O
35	O
kg	O
/	O
m2	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
differences	O
between	O
these	O
two	O
groups	O
in	O
necessary	O
pressure	O
,	O
volume	O
,	O
mode	O
,	O
ventilator	O
and	O
time	O
to	O
reduce	O
PaCO2	O
<	O
50	O
mmHg	O
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

With	O
anticonvulsant	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
there	O
was	O
complete	O
resolution	O
of	O
neurological	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
very	O
preliminary	O
data	O
of	O
this	O
ongoing	O
study	O
suggest	O
that	O
in	O
'	O
late	O
-	O
preterm	O
'	O
infants	O
some	O
individual	O
/	O
environmental	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
infants	O
play	O
a	O
relevant	O
role	O
in	O
determining	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
severe	O
RSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Babies	O
of	O
33	O
(+	O
0d	O
)-	O
34	O
(+	O
6d	O
)	O
wGA	O
were	O
more	O
frequently	O
conceived	O
through	O
assisted	O
fertilization	B-PROC
technologies	O
,	O
born	O
from	O
cesarean	O
delivery	O
had	O
more	O
frequently	O
acute	O
perinatal	O
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
were	O
more	O
frequently	O
twins	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
clearly	O
suggested	O
that	O
increased	O
oxidant	B-CHED
levels	O
led	O
to	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
,	O
antioxidant	B-CHED
deficiency	O
attenuating	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

Multivariable	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
both	O
of	O
these	O
single	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphisms	B-PROC
are	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
need	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
040	O
and	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
012	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
as	O
was	O
rs7316	O
when	O
its	O
interaction	O
with	O
age	O
was	O
considered	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
015	O
).	O

Antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
antigens	B-CHED
H1N1	O
,	O
H3N2	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
B	O
were	O
measured	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
at	O
vaccination	O
(	O
T0	O
)	O
and	O
after	O
1	O
month	O
(	O
T1	O
).	O

One	O
month	O
after	O
vaccination	O
(	O
T1	O
),	O
both	O
groups	O
showed	O
significant	O
increases	O
in	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
geometric	O
mean	O
titers	O
(	O
GMTs	O
)	O
for	O
all	O
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
lining	O
salivary	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
ducts	B-ANAT
are	O
early	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
upper	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tracts	I-ANAT
of	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaques	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
source	O
of	O
high	O
viral	O
loads	O
in	O
saliva	B-ANAT
,	O
however	O
,	O
remains	O
elusive	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
enabled	O
us	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
structures	O
of	O
two	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domains	O
each	O
complexed	O
with	O
their	O
receptor	O
at	O
moderate	O
resolutions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
viral	I-CHED
agents	I-CHED
using	O
molecular	O
modeling	O
and	O
virtual	O
screening	O
techniques	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
obvious	O
example	O
is	O
anti	O
-	O
AIDS	O
research	O
,	O
where	O
HIV	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
and	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
have	O
triggered	O
enormous	O
efforts	O
in	O
developing	O
and	O
improving	O
computational	O
methods	O
.	O

From	O
2006	O
to	O
2008	O
,	O
30	O
patients	O
received	O
ECMO	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
configuration	O
:	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
(	O
vv	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
11	O
),	O
venoarterial	O
(	O
va	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
)	O
or	O
veno	O
-	O
venoarterial	O
(	O
vva	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
11	O
).	O

All	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
a	O
mixture	B-CHED
of	O
bilateral	O
patchy	O
consolidations	O
and	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
FMDV	B-PRGE
Lb	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
),	I-PRGE
a	O
shorter	O
form	O
of	O
L	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
),	O
has	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
activity	O
.	O

Mutations	O
in	O
Lb	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
that	O
ablate	O
the	O
catalytic	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
(	O
C51A	O
or	O
D163N	O
/	O
D164N	O
)	O
or	O
disrupt	O
the	O
SAP	O
(	O
for	O
SAF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
,	O
Acinus	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
PIAS	O
)	O
domain	O
(	O
I83A	O
/	O
L86A	O
)	O
abrogated	O
the	O
DUB	O
activity	O
of	O
Lb	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
block	O
signaling	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
.	O

From	O
December	O
1989	O
to	O
December	O
2008	O
,	O
102	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
with	O
pure	B-FUNC
DAI	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
neurosurgical	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Age	O
,	O
gender	O
,	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
score	O
,	O
Glasgow	O
Coma	B-DISO
Score	O
(	O
GCS	O
),	O
pupillary	O
light	O
reactivity	O
on	O
admission	O
,	O
brain	B-ANAT
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
(	O
MRI	O
)	O
24	O
hours	O
to	O
72	O
hours	O
after	O
trauma	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
shock	O
,	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
neurosurgery	O
,	O
high	O
intracranial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
during	O
the	O
6	O
months	O
posttrauma	O
were	O
studied	O
with	O
multiple	O
logistic	O
regression	O
,	O
and	O
Cox	O
'	O
s	O
proportional	O
hazards	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
considering	O
the	O
Glasgow	O
Outcome	O
Scale	O
and	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
recovery	O
of	O
consciousness	O
as	O
outcome	O
variables	O
.	O

All	O
18	O
patients	O
had	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
was	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
H1N1	O
patients	O
who	O
needed	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

Multiple	O
sequence	O
alignment	O
of	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
with	O
commonly	O
used	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
revealed	O
that	O
most	O
substitutions	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
53	O
-	O
148	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
region	O
.	O

Also	O
analyzed	O
were	O
six	O
swab	O
samples	O
(	O
tracheal	O
and	O
cloacal	B-ANAT
)	O
from	O
asymptomatic	O
pigeons	B-SPEC
(	O
Columba	B-SPEC
livia	I-SPEC
),	O
caught	O
in	O
an	O
urbanized	O
region	O
in	O
southeastern	O
Brazil	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
respect	O
,	O
one	O
could	O
also	O
expect	O
benefits	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
other	O
bird	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
that	O
may	O
act	O
as	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
reservoirs	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
experience	O
acquired	O
in	O
the	O
2009	O
AH1	O
/	O
N1	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
,	O
virological	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
by	O
rapid	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
techniques	O
has	O
recently	O
begun	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
.	O

Just	O
as	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
to	O
treat	O
infections	B-DISO
radically	O
changed	O
their	O
prognosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
,	O
reports	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
have	O
progressively	O
began	O
to	O
appear	O
of	O
the	O
immunomodulatory	O
effect	O
of	O
drugs	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
initially	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
leading	O
to	O
hope	O
for	O
the	O
potential	O
modification	O
of	O
outcome	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

This	O
proof	O
of	O
concept	O
study	O
supports	O
further	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
design	O
modifications	O
to	O
increase	O
performance	O
and	O
to	O
reduce	O
coagulation	B-PROC
activation	O
for	O
potential	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
application	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Fcγ	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
IIA	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
H131	I-PRGE
genotype	I-PRGE
is	O
associated	O
with	O
bacteremia	B-DISO
in	O
pneumococcal	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	O
.	O

FCGR2A	B-PRGE
-	O
H131R	O
polymorphism	B-PROC
was	O
determined	O
in	O
1	O
,	O
262	O
patients	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
and	O
in	O
1	O
,	O
224	O
in	O
the	O
subject	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
bacteremic	O
PCAP	B-DISO
(	O
B	O
-	O
PCAP	B-DISO
)	O
had	O
significantly	O
higher	O
frequencies	O
of	O
FCGR2A	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
/	O
H131	O
genotypes	O
than	O
those	O
with	O
nonbacteremic	O
PCAP	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
.	O
00016	O
,	O
odds	O
ratio	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
1	O
.	O
58	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
).	O

Thirty	O
third	O
-	O
year	O
and	O
fourth	O
-	O
year	O
nursing	B-PROC
students	O
were	O
first	O
taught	O
the	O
procedure	O
and	O
then	O
given	O
both	O
an	O
anxious	O
-	O
mood	O
and	O
a	O
calm	O
-	O
mood	O
induction	O
in	O
a	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
counterbalanced	O
order	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
investigated	O
how	O
the	O
3CLpro	O
affected	O
the	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
cytokines	O
in	O
the	O
gene	O
-	O
transfected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
of	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kB	I-PRGE
decreased	O
in	O
3CLpro	O
-	O
transfected	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
when	O
compared	O
to	O
EGFP	O
transfected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
),	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
play	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
mediating	O
and	O
amplifying	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
by	O
stimulating	O
chemotaxis	B-PROC
and	O
activation	O
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
leads	O
to	O
severe	O
injury	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
with	O
multiple	O
factors	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
is	O
still	O
largely	O
unclear	O
.	O

Among	O
these	O
,	O
13	O
loci	O
were	O
never	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
by	O
other	O
detection	O
methods	O
such	O
as	O
gene	O
chips	O
,	O
tiling	O
arrays	O
,	O
and	O
paired	O
-	O
end	O
ditags	O
(	O
PETs	O
).	O

The	O
result	O
showed	O
that	O
random	O
-	O
priming	O
cDNA	O
library	O
is	O
valid	O
for	O
the	O
investigation	O
of	O
transcript	O
diversity	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
tissue	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
EST	O
data	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
supplemental	O
source	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
pathology	B-DISO
researches	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
successfully	O
treated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
complicating	O
imported	O
P	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
at	O
a	O
large	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
in	O
Washington	O
,	O
DC	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
coronaviruses	O
newly	O
isolated	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
protection	O
induced	O
by	O
Massachusetts	O
serotype	O
H120	O
vaccine	O
against	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
strains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Efficacy	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
an	O
attenuated	O
live	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
as	O
a	O
vaccine	O
for	O
chickens	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
clear	O
decrease	O
in	O
pathogenicity	O
for	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
when	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
had	O
undergone	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
passages	O
.	O

Both	O
passage	O
levels	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
efficacy	O
in	O
SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
and	O
passage	O
level	O
85	O
was	O
tested	O
for	O
efficacy	O
in	O
commercial	O
chickens	B-SPEC
with	O
maternally	O
derived	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
MDA	B-CHED
)	O
against	O
a	O
challenge	O
with	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
strain	O
IB	O
D388	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Successful	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
infant	O
with	O
DiGeorge	B-DISO
anomaly	I-DISO
,	O
following	O
thymus	B-SPEC
transplantation	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
complex	O
decision	O
making	O
process	O
regarding	O
initiation	O
of	O
ECMO	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
early	O
1970s	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
ongoing	O
debate	O
regarding	O
the	O
wisdom	O
of	O
promoting	O
unassisted	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
throughout	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Use	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
modes	O
in	O
a	O
manner	O
that	O
induces	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
effort	B-PROC
,	O
while	O
simultaneously	O
reducing	O
the	O
work	O
load	O
on	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
muscles	I-ANAT
,	O
is	O
probably	O
sufficient	O
to	O
minimize	O
both	O
problems	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
(	O
APRV	O
)	O
and	O
bi	O
-	O
level	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
BIPAP	O
)	O
are	O
proposed	O
to	O
reduce	O
patient	O
work	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
breathing	I-PROC
(	O
WOB	O
)	O
sufficiently	O
and	O
to	O
obviate	O
issues	O
related	O
to	O
patient	O
-	O
ventilator	O
synchrony	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
can	O
be	O
maintained	O
throughout	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
MAbs	O
)	O
to	O
feline	B-SPEC
interferon	O
(	O
fIFN	O
)-	O
γ	O
as	O
tools	O
to	O
evaluate	O
cellular	O
immune	O
responses	O
to	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
).	O

The	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
dependent	O
enhancement	O
(	O
ADE	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
recognised	O
in	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
is	O
considered	O
to	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
preventing	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

Especially	O
,	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
fIFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
(+)	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
not	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
fIFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
(+)	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
were	O
increased	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
preventing	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
validate	O
the	O
immune	O
-	O
related	O
assays	O
,	O
hamsters	B-SPEC
were	O
infected	O
with	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
VSV	O
),	O
Indiana	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
treated	O
with	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
monitored	O
in	O
selected	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

Ribosomal	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
L18	I-PRGE
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
stable	O
internal	O
reference	O
gene	O
.	O

Secondary	O
analysis	O
of	O
multicentered	O
,	O
randomized	O
,	O
controlled	O
trial	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
National	O
Heart	B-ANAT
,	O
Lung	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
Blood	B-ANAT
Institute	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Clinical	O
Trials	O
Network	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
sixty	O
-	O
six	O
of	O
2632	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
subjects	O
received	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
,	O
defined	O
as	O
prone	O
positioning	O
(	O
97	O
of	O
166	O
[	O
58	O
%]),	O
inhaled	B-PROC
vasodilators	O
(	O
47	O
of	O
166	O
[	O
28	O
%]),	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
ventilation	O
(	O
12	O
of	O
166	O
[	O
7	O
%]),	O
or	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
10	O
of	O
166	O
[	O
6	O
%]).	O

Within	O
the	O
limits	O
of	O
an	O
observational	O
study	O
design	O
,	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
find	O
evidence	O
of	O
a	O
survival	O
benefit	O
with	O
use	O
of	O
rescue	O
therapies	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
repeated	O
computed	O
tomography	O
angiogram	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
demonstrated	O
remission	B-DISO
of	O
ruptured	O
ICA	B-CHED
.	O

It	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
distinguish	O
between	O
them	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
cases	O
such	O
as	O
our	O
uremic	O
SLE	B-DISO
patient	O
with	O
a	O
calamitous	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Eosinophils	B-ANAT
:	O
collection	O
,	O
separation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
activation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
can	O
be	O
difficult	O
to	O
diagnose	O
.	O

Clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
,	O
serum	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
electrophoresis	O
(	O
SPE	O
),	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
effusions	B-DISO
(	O
AE	O
),	O
antifeline	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
serology	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
concentration	O
of	O
α1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
(	O
AGP	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
histopathology	O
were	O
classified	O
as	O
consistent	O
,	O
doubtful	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
consistent	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
first	O
examined	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
UDA	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
different	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
strains	O
in	O
Vero	O
76	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
infected	O
with	O
two	O
LD50	O
(	O
575	O
PFU	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
4	O
h	O
before	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
treated	O
intraperitoneally	O
with	O
UDA	B-CHED
at	O
20	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
5	O
or	O
0	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
day	O
for	O
4	O
days	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
UDA	B-CHED
at	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
significantly	O
protected	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
against	O
a	O
lethal	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
mouse	B-SPEC
-	O
adapted	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
significantly	O
reduce	O
virus	O
lung	B-ANAT
titers	O
.	O

When	O
UDA	B-CHED
was	O
exposed	O
to	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylglucosamine	I-CHED
and	O
then	O
UDA	B-CHED
was	O
added	O
to	O
cells	B-COMP
just	O
prior	O
to	O
adsorption	O
,	O
UDA	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
inhibit	O
the	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
GFP	O
)-	O
tagged	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
)	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
localize	O
to	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
be	O
recruited	O
to	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replicative	O
structures	O
.	O

The	O
molecular	O
data	O
presented	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
provide	O
the	O
first	O
genetic	O
evidence	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	O
associated	O
with	O
epizootic	O
catarrhal	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
in	O
mink	B-SPEC
and	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
MCoVs	O
possess	B-DISO
high	O
genomic	O
variability	O
and	O
relatively	O
low	O
overall	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
identities	O
(	O
91	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
between	O
contemporary	O
strains	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
severe	O
inflammatory	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
very	O
high	O
mortality	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
and	O
earliest	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
several	O
alizarine	O
derivatives	O
were	O
synthesized	O
and	O
tested	O
for	O
both	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RT	O
-	O
associated	O
activities	O
.	O

With	O
some	O
improvements	O
in	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
system	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
induce	O
a	O
targeted	B-PROC
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
specific	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
pathogens	O
,	O
and	O
co	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
several	O
antigens	B-CHED
would	O
allow	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
novel	O
multivalent	O
vaccine	O
.	O

The	O
aims	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
are	O
to	O
summarize	O
the	O
definitions	O
,	O
causes	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
course	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
current	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
genetic	O
background	O
,	O
mechanism	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
therapy	O
of	O
toxic	O
epidermal	O
necrolysis	O
and	O
Stevens	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Johnson	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Toxic	B-DISO
epidermal	I-DISO
necrolysis	I-DISO
and	O
Stevens	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Johnson	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
are	O
acute	O
inflammatory	O
skin	B-ANAT
reactions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Retrieval	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
adults	O
using	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
an	O
Australian	O
experience	O
.	O

The	O
indications	O
for	O
retrieval	O
were	O
respiratory	O
in	O
38	O
patients	O
(	O
of	O
whom	O
16	O
were	O
confirmed	O
or	O
suspected	O
H1N1	O
cases	O
)	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
in	O
2	O
patients	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
four	O
patients	O
(	O
85	O
%)	O
survived	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
shown	O
that	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
catalytic	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
nonstructural	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
)	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
,	O
encodes	O
a	O
deubiquitinase	B-PROC
(	O
DUB	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
inactivates	O
IFN	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
)	O
thereby	O
the	O
type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
response	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Routine	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
feasibility	O
and	O
impact	O
on	O
prognosis	O
.	O

The	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
was	O
3	O
.	O
13	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
15	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
We	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
clinical	O
feasibility	O
of	O
routine	O
PP	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
below	O
100	O
mmHg	O
after	O
24	O
-	O
48	O
h	O
and	O
suggest	O
that	O
,	O
when	O
combined	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
stretch	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
protective	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
survival	O
rate	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
the	O
longitudinal	O
profiles	O
of	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
recovered	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
fully	O
characterized	O
.	O

For	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
3rd	O
y	O
,	O
the	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
whole	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
42	O
%,	O
which	O
was	O
tested	O
with	O
commercial	O
kits	O
at	O
1	O
/	O
10	O
dilution	O
of	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
comparison	O
,	O
the	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
100	O
%,	O
which	O
was	O
tested	O
by	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
at	O
1	O
/	O
100	O
dilution	O
;	O
4	O
samples	O
at	O
month	O
60	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
hemophagocytic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
VAHS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
various	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
often	O
resulting	O
in	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

All	O
25	O
patients	O
received	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
median	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
of	O
19	O
days	O
(	O
IQR	O
,	O
13	O
to	O
26	O
days	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Views	O
of	O
GPs	B-DISO
and	O
practice	O
nurses	O
on	O
support	O
needed	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
qualitative	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
most	O
effective	O
siRNAs	O
,	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
untranslated	O
5	O
'	O
leader	O
sequence	O
(	O
L2	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	O
gene	O
(	O
N1	O
),	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
>	O
95	O
%	O
reduction	O
in	O
extracellular	B-COMP
viral	O
titre	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
In	O
vitro	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
with	O
siRNAs	O
targeting	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
and	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	O
genes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
specific	O
effect	O
of	O
rna	B-PROC
interference	I-PROC
on	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
phe	B-CHED
-	O
cov	O
)	O
was	O
explored	O
.	O

Examination	O
of	O
CPE	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
four	O
siRNAs	O
were	O
capable	O
of	O
protecting	O
cells	B-COMP
against	O
PHE	B-CHED
-	O
CoV	O
invasion	B-DISO
with	O
very	O
high	O
specificity	O
and	O
efficiency	O
.	O

Transfection	B-PROC
with	O
siRNAs	O
also	O
suppressed	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
up	O
to	O
18	O
-	O
to	O
32	O
-	O
fold	O
as	O
assessed	O
by	O
a	O
HA	O
test	O
and	O
93	O
-	O
to	O
494	O
-	O
fold	O
as	O
assessed	O
by	O
TCID	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
assay	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
treatment	O
with	O
siRNAs	O
caused	O
a	O
53	O
-	O
91	O
%	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
copy	O
number	O
as	O
assessed	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
had	O
an	O
acute	O
unilateral	O
hydrops	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
a	O
monolateral	O
keratoconus	B-DISO
.	O

Many	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
interacting	O
with	O
regulatory	O
CoV	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
sequences	I-PRGE
are	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
heterogeneous	B-PRGE
nuclear	I-PRGE
ribonucleoprotein	I-PRGE
(	O
hnRNP	B-ANAT
)	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
involved	O
in	O
mRNA	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
and	O
transport	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
shuttle	O
between	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
type	O
71	O
in	O
children	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
transcription	O
and	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
regulated	O
by	O
specific	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
sequences	O
within	O
5	O
'-	O
and	O
3	O
'-	O
untranslated	O
regions	O
(	O
5	O
'-	O
UTR	O
and	O
3	O
'-	O
UTR	O
).	O

The	O
highly	O
conserved	O
pentaloop	O
of	O
SL2	B-PRGE
is	O
stacked	O
on	O
5	O
-	O
bp	O
stem	B-ANAT
and	O
adopts	O
a	O
canonical	O
CUYG	O
tetraloop	O
fold	O
with	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
(	O
U51	O
)	O
flipped	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
stack	O
.	O

17	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
tracheal	O
tissues	B-ANAT
and	O
19	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
kidney	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
were	O
identified	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
western	O
blotting	O
analysis	O
further	O
confirmed	O
the	O
changes	O
of	O
annexin	B-PRGE
A5	I-PRGE
and	O
HSPB1	B-PRGE
during	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
study	O
whether	O
the	O
TRS	B-DISO
-	O
L	O
is	O
structured	O
and	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
this	O
structure	O
has	O
a	O
functional	O
impact	O
on	O
genomic	O
and	O
subgenomic	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
we	O
have	O
used	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
nuclear	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
(	O
NMR	O
)	O
spectroscopy	O
and	O
UV	O
thermal	O
denaturation	B-PROC
approaches	O
together	O
with	O
site	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
directed	I-PROC
mutagenesis	I-PROC
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
analyses	O
.	O

TRS	B-DISO
-	O
L	O
mutations	O
altering	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
the	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
TRS	B-DISO
-	O
L	O
hairpin	O
affected	O
replication	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
indicating	O
the	O
requirement	O
of	O
a	O
functional	O
RNA	O
hairpin	O
structure	O
in	O
these	O
processes	O
.	O

Overall	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
(	O
27	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
followed	O
by	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
24	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
RSV	B-SPEC
(	O
21	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
adenovirus	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
B	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
and	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

Thus	O
,	O
we	O
conducted	O
30	O
-	O
ns	O
molecular	B-PROC
dynamics	I-PROC
(	O
MD	O
)	O
simulations	O
for	O
N214A	O
,	O
WT	O
,	O
and	O
R298A	O
which	O
we	O
previously	O
characterized	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
monomer	O
with	O
the	O
collapsed	O
catalytic	O
machinery	O
.	O

Remarkably	O
,	O
three	O
proteases	O
display	O
distinctive	O
dynamical	O
behaviors	B-PROC
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
mediating	O
the	O
dynamics	O
may	O
offer	O
a	O
potential	O
avenue	O
to	O
inhibit	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
81	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
SAP	B-PRGE
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
to	O
a	O
control	O
group	O
or	O
treatment	O
group	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
random	O
number	O
table	O
generated	O
from	O
an	O
SPSS	O
software	O
.	O

Dx	O
combined	O
with	O
DCQD	O
could	O
decrease	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
SAP	O
patients	O
with	O
SIRS	B-DISO
and	O
shorten	O
their	O
length	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Dx	O
combined	O
with	O
DCQD	O
could	O
decrease	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
SAP	O
patients	O
with	O
SIRS	B-DISO
and	O
shorten	O
their	O
length	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

Knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
ecology	O
of	O
reservoir	O
-	O
borne	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
critical	O
for	O
preventive	O
approaches	O
against	O
zoonotic	O
epidemics	O
.	O

Nsp16	O
is	O
an	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cap	I-PRGE
AdoMet	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
nucleoside	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-)-	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
that	O
is	O
only	O
active	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
nsp10	O
.	O

The	O
crystals	B-ANAT
diffracted	O
to	O
a	O
resolution	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
Å	O
resolution	O
and	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
determination	O
is	O
in	O
progress	O
.	O

Frog	O
,	O
snake	B-SPEC
,	O
hare	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
pheasant	O
were	O
the	O
wild	O
meats	O
most	O
frequently	O
eaten	O
by	O
local	O
people	O
.	O

Storage	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
strips	O
at	O
room	O
temperature	O
for	O
6	O
months	O
or	O
at	O
4	O
°	O
C	O
for	O
12	O
months	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
their	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
teschovirus	I-SPEC
polioencephalomyelitis	B-DISO
in	O
western	O
Canada	O
.	O

Necropsies	O
revealed	O
no	O
gross	O
lesions	O
,	O
but	O
microscopic	O
lesions	O
consisted	O
of	O
a	O
nonsuppurative	O
polioencephalomyelitis	B-DISO
,	O
most	O
severe	O
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
and	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
.	O

Tests	O
for	O
circovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Rabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Pseudorabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
were	O
negative	O
.	O

Using	O
immunohistochemistry	O
,	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
,	O
fluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
test	O
,	O
and	O
nested	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
,	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
teschovirus	I-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
in	O
tissues	B-ANAT
from	O
affected	O
individuals	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
Korean	O
bovine	O
kobuvirus	O
has	O
diverse	O
lineages	O
regardless	O
of	O
disease	O
status	O
and	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
general	O
shell	B-ANAT
vial	O
culture	O
using	O
a	O
pool	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
other	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
on	O
26	O
%	O
of	O
samples	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
with	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
occurred	O
in	O
20	O
/	O
128	O
(	O
16	O
%)	O
of	O
HRV	O
-	O
positive	O
children	O
and	O
in	O
26	O
/	O
92	O
(	O
28	O
%)	O
of	O
HRV	O
-	O
negative	O
samples	O
.	O

Treatment	O
is	O
mainly	O
supportive	O
combining	O
oxygen	B-CHED
supplementation	O
adequate	O
hydration	O
analgesia	B-DISO
and	O
sedation	B-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
usually	O
present	O
with	O
chronic	O
recurrent	O
rhinosinusitis	B-DISO
,	O
otitis	B-DISO
media	I-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
pseudomonal	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
How	O
I	O
treat	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

PTB	B-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
in	O
these	O
modified	O
stress	O
granules	O
in	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
swine	B-SPEC
testis	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
but	O
not	O
in	O
stress	O
granules	O
induced	O
by	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
recently	O
determined	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
NL63	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
NL63	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domains	O
(	O
RBDs	O
),	O
each	O
complexed	O
with	O
their	O
common	O
receptor	O
,	O
human	B-PRGE
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
hACE2	O
),	O
and	O
proposed	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
hot	B-DISO
spot	I-DISO
on	O
hACE2	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
Luminex	O
xTAG	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
panel	O
with	O
xTAG	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
panel	O
fast	B-FUNC
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
recently	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
initial	O
expressions	O
of	O
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
are	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
infiltrating	B-DISO
monocyte	B-ANAT
lineage	O
and	O
in	O
ependymal	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Their	O
histopathological	O
changes	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
symptoms	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
piglets	O
,	O
exhibiting	O
typical	O
changes	O
for	O
non	O
-	O
suppurative	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
assay	O
was	O
highly	O
specific	O
since	O
all	O
negative	O
controls	O
and	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
clinical	O
and	O
structural	O
relevance	O
failed	O
to	O
develop	O
any	O
positive	O
results	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
candidate	O
gene	O
approach	O
,	O
genetic	O
variants	O
associated	O
with	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
inflammatory	O
pathways	B-PROC
have	O
been	O
identified	O
and	O
implicated	O
in	O
ALI	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
previously	O
healthy	O
adults	O
is	O
rare	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
overall	O
mortality	O
rate	O
is	O
40	O
-	O
60	O
%.	O

We	O
present	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
an	O
adult	O
female	O
with	O
RSV	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
was	O
successfully	O
treated	O
with	O
inhaled	B-PROC
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
whose	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
was	O
restored	O
to	O
near	O
normal	O
.	O

Influenza	B-DISO
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
recurs	O
annually	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
modeled	O
more	O
thoroughly	O
than	O
any	O
other	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
models	O
were	O
integrated	O
into	O
preparedness	O
exercises	O
,	O
during	O
which	O
working	O
relationships	O
were	O
established	O
that	O
bore	B-CHED
fruit	O
during	O
the	O
2009	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
.	O

Accordingly	O
,	O
we	O
illustrate	O
the	O
increasingly	O
timely	O
care	O
-	O
seeking	O
by	O
which	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
increasingly	O
accurate	O
diagnoses	O
and	O
effective	O
isolation	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
controlled	O
via	O
heuristic	O
arguments	O
and	O
descriptive	O
analyses	O
of	O
familiar	O
observations	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
early	O
progression	O
of	O
air	B-ANAT
sac	B-COMP
lesions	O
in	O
birds	B-SPEC
receiving	O
a	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
a	O
more	O
virulent	O
field	O
strain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fulminant	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
in	O
an	O
adult	O
with	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
prevent	O
circuit	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
or	O
thromboembolic	O
complications	O
during	O
ECMO	O
systemic	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
is	O
recommended	O
.	O

Drawing	O
on	O
what	O
we	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
on	O
our	O
hospital	O
,	O
we	O
had	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
improve	O
our	O
organization	O
'	O
s	O
preparedness	O
for	O
the	O
pandemic	O
.	O

Ten	O
key	O
themes	O
emerged	O
from	O
our	O
qualitative	O
analysis	O
of	O
written	O
comments	O
,	O
including	O
family	B-SPEC
-	O
work	O
balance	B-PROC
,	O
antiviral	B-CHED
prophylaxis	O
,	O
and	O
mistrust	O
or	O
fear	O
towards	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
data	O
revealed	O
severe	O
renal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
and	O
positive	O
titers	O
for	O
the	O
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
neutrophil	B-ANAT
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
and	I-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
glomerular	B-ANAT
basement	I-ANAT
membrane	I-ANAT
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
deterioration	O
of	O
her	O
general	O
status	O
did	O
not	O
allow	O
us	O
to	O
perform	O
the	O
renal	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
.	O

Although	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
hemodialysis	O
,	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
exchange	O
were	O
concomitantly	O
initiated	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
occurred	O
several	O
days	O
after	O
admission	O
.	O

Mechanical	O
ventilation	O
support	O
was	O
provided	O
and	O
continuous	O
hemodiafiltration	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
,	O
following	O
which	O
the	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
improved	O
immediately	O
.	O

Thereafter	O
,	O
severe	O
and	O
serious	O
systemic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
various	O
pathogens	O
including	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
,	O
Cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Pneumocystis	B-SPEC
jiroveci	I-SPEC
,	O
Pseudomonas	B-SPEC
aeruginosa	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Bacteroides	B-SPEC
recurred	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
systemic	O
invasive	B-DISO
aspergillosis	I-DISO
(	O
IA	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
RNA	O
-	O
synthesizing	O
activity	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
structures	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
protein	O
synthesis	O
.	O

Using	O
cycloheximide	B-CHED
and	O
puromycin	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
have	O
studied	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
translation	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
on	O
the	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
MFI	O
was	O
evaluated	O
for	O
its	O
diagnostic	O
power	O
,	O
with	O
panels	O
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
classified	O
as	O
positive	O
or	O
negative	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
MHV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
using	O
MHV	B-PRGE
virion	B-COMP
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
indirect	O
fluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
assay	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
demographic	O
characteristics	O
,	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
,	O
and	O
mortality	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
(	O
H1N1	O
+)	O
and	O
without	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
H1N1	O
-).	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
medical	O
charts	O
of	O
patients	O
admitted	O
in	O
""""	O
Swine	B-DISO
Flu	I-DISO
ICU	O
""""	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
from	O
August	O
2009	O
to	O
May	O
2010	O
.	O

The	O
reduction	O
of	O
a	O
given	O
social	O
network	O
was	O
described	O
like	O
an	O
involution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
algebraic	O
complexity	O
of	O
the	O
associated	O
Tutte	O
polynomial	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
a	O
modified	O
technique	O
of	O
insertion	O
for	O
dual	O
lumen	B-ANAT
bicaval	O
cannulae	O
.	O

The	O
Global	O
Outbreak	O
Alert	O
and	O
Response	O
Network	O
was	O
activated	O
,	O
and	O
international	O
experts	O
were	O
brought	O
together	O
to	O
implement	O
enhanced	O
global	O
surveillance	O
systems	O
for	O
SARS	O
.	O
The	O
international	O
community	O
has	O
learned	B-PROC
a	O
lot	O
of	O
lessons	O
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Within	O
and	O
between	O
hospitals	O
,	O
movement	B-PROC
by	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
patients	O
and	O
visitors	O
were	O
restricted	O
,	O
as	O
was	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
hospital	O
visitors	O
.	O

They	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
all	O
outgoing	O
travellers	O
from	O
Singapore	O
,	O
were	O
monitored	O
for	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

Because	O
of	O
their	O
clinical	O
similarities	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
fibromyalgia	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
FMS	B-DISO
)	O
these	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
subjects	O
were	O
similarly	O
compared	O
to	O
21	O
drug	O
free	O
female	O
patients	O
,	O
(	O
mean	O
age	O
42	O
.	O
4	O
+/-	O

The	O
clinical	O
and	O
sleep	B-PROC
features	O
of	O
chronic	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
form	O
a	O
syndrome	B-DISO
of	O
chronic	O
fatigue	B-DISO
,	O
pain	O
,	O
weakness	B-DISO
,	O
depression	B-DISO
and	O
sleep	B-DISO
disturbance	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
overlaps	O
with	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
sleep	B-PROC
features	O
of	O
FMS	B-DISO
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
fatigue	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Afterwards	O
,	O
the	O
discrete	O
Fourier	O
transform	O
is	O
applied	O
to	O
these	O
indicator	B-CHED
sequences	O
to	O
calculate	O
spectra	O
of	O
the	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
two	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
(	O
Fusobacterium	B-SPEC
necrophorum	I-SPEC
and	O
Acinetobacter	B-SPEC
baumannii	I-SPEC
)	O
causing	O
sepsis	B-DISO
were	O
detected	O
by	O
DNA	O
-	O
probe	O
hybridization	B-PROC
and	O
a	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
by	O
antigen	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
antibody	B-COMP
interaction	I-PROC
using	O
the	O
functional	O
PCs	B-DISO
.	O

Optical	O
readout	O
with	O
the	O
integrated	O
sensor	O
detecting	O
the	O
signals	O
from	O
PCs	B-DISO
,	O
allows	O
for	O
low	O
cost	O
and	O
robust	O
readout	O
of	O
resonance	O
peak	O
shift	O
.	O

Virological	O
diagnosis	O
using	O
virus	B-SPEC
culture	O
,	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
,	O
and	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
methods	O
on	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
specimens	O
would	O
be	O
attempted	O
for	O
all	O
these	O
visits	O
irrespective	O
of	O
triggers	O
.	O

Although	O
newly	O
discovered	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
in	O
these	O
episodes	O
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
commonest	O
organism	O
associated	O
with	O
both	O
asthma	B-PATH
exacerbations	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
asthma	B-PATH
related	O
episodes	O
.	O

This	O
motif	O
is	O
conserved	O
in	O
E	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
beta	O
and	O
gamma	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
formerly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
group	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
coronaviruses	O
),	O
where	O
it	O
also	O
functions	O
as	O
a	O
Golgi	B-COMP
complex	I-COMP
-	O
targeting	B-PROC
signal	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EboV	O
)	O
and	O
Marburg	O
virus	O
(	O
MarV	O
)	O
(	O
filoviruses	O
)	O
are	O
the	O
causative	O
agents	O
of	O
severe	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
begins	O
with	O
uptake	O
of	O
particles	O
into	O
cellular	B-COMP
endosomes	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
envelope	I-COMP
glycoprotein	B-PRGE
(	O
GP	O
)	O
catalyzes	O
fusion	O
between	O
the	O
viral	O
and	O
host	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
.	O

There	O
have	O
been	O
cases	O
of	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
following	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
,	O
and	O
rash	B-DISO
and	O
acute	O
purpura	B-DISO
may	O
occur	O
in	O
certain	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
had	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
severe	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
hematuria	O
,	O
arthritis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
purpuric	O
manifestations	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
normal	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
.	O

Henoch	O
-	O
Schönlein	O
purpura	B-DISO
triggered	O
by	O
the	O
novel	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
could	O
be	O
an	O
attractive	O
pathogenetic	O
hypothesis	O
.	O

All	O
the	O
PCR	O
products	O
were	O
ligated	O
into	O
pMD19	O
-	O
T	O
vector	O
and	O
sequenced	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ORF5a	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
in	O
the	O
pMDTM9	O
plasmid	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
an	O
enhanced	B-PRGE
green	I-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
EGFP	O
)	O
gene	O
.	O

Recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
expressing	O
the	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
rescued	O
and	O
identified	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
sequencing	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Perioperative	O
use	O
of	O
metformin	B-CHED
in	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
lactic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
is	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
itself	O
can	O
cause	O
lactic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
PIKA	B-SPEC
provides	O
an	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
effect	O
to	O
induce	O
strong	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
humoral	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
against	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
deadly	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Although	O
intraperitoneal	O
immunization	O
of	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
alone	O
could	O
induce	O
a	O
certain	O
level	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
sites	O
,	O
co	O
-	O
administration	O
of	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
vaccine	O
with	O
PIKA	B-SPEC
as	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
could	O
induce	O
a	O
much	O
higher	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
.	O

At	O
each	O
visit	O
,	O
patients	O
were	O
interviewed	O
and	O
examined	O
;	O
underwent	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
-	O
function	O
tests	O
,	O
the	O
6	O
-	O
minute	O
walk	O
test	O
,	O
resting	B-ANAT
and	O
exercise	O
oximetry	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
imaging	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
quality	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
life	O
evaluation	O
;	O
and	O
reported	O
their	O
use	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
services	O
.	O

Seven	O
of	O
the	O
53	O
compounds	O
were	O
selected	O
;	O
their	O
IC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
ranged	O
from	O
38	O
.	O
57	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
41	O
to	O
101	O
.	O
38	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
27	O
μM	O
.	O
Two	O
strong	O
3CL	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
were	O
further	O
identified	O
as	O
competitive	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
with	O
K	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
values	O
of	O
9	O
.	O
11	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
and	O
9	O
.	O
93	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
44	O
μM	O
.	O
Hydrophobic	O
and	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
bond	O
interactions	O
of	O
compound	O
with	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
in	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
of	O
3CL	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
were	O
also	O
identified	O
.	O

Survival	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
was	O
analyzed	O
using	O
Cox	O
regression	O
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
administration	O
of	O
steroids	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
after	O
adjustment	O
on	O
the	O
propensity	O
for	O
receiving	O
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
survival	O
rate	O
and	O
its	O
resulting	O
pathological	O
changes	O
were	O
observed	O
and	O
patho	O
physiological	O
indexes	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
fluid	O
content	O
were	O
determined	O
at	O
sequential	O
time	O
points	O
post	O
explosion	O
.	O

In	O
an	O
airtight	O
environment	O
,	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
ARDS	B-DISO
model	O
can	O
be	O
reproduced	O
successfully	O
by	O
blast	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
1	O
917	O
.	O
3	O
mm	O
Hg	O
explosion	O
pressure	O
;	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
are	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
blast	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
tests	O
were	O
developed	O
that	O
allow	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
genotyping	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
other	O
closely	O
related	O
gammacoronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
test	O
employs	O
a	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
,	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
amplification	B-DISO
is	O
monitored	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
using	O
a	O
TaqMan	O
(®)	O
probe	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
two	O
CCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IIb	I-PRGE
strains	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
faeces	B-ANAT
and	O
internal	O
organs	B-ANAT
of	O
two	O
puppies	O
,	O
which	O
died	B-PROC
after	O
presenting	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
but	O
comparable	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
had	O
significantly	O
lower	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
pH	O
,	O
and	O
higher	O
SOFA	O
scores	O
.	O

Factors	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
were	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
on	O
day	O
3	O
,	O
pH	O
and	O
SOFA	O
score	O
;	O
and	O
SOFA	O
score	O
of	O
13	O
or	O
above	O
was	O
predictive	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

I	O
also	O
use	O
the	O
example	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
CMV	B-SPEC
to	O
illustrate	O
how	O
two	O
unrelated	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
use	O
a	O
similar	O
SCHOOL	O
mechanism	O
to	O
modulate	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
mediated	O
by	O
two	O
functionally	O
different	O
receptors	O
:	O
T	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
receptor	I-PRGE
and	O
natural	B-PRGE
killer	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
NKp30	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neuralgic	B-DISO
amyotrophy	I-DISO
(	O
brachial	B-ANAT
plexus	I-ANAT
neuropathy	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
brachial	I-DISO
plexus	I-DISO
neuritis	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
Parsonage	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Turner	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
uncommon	O
inflammatory	O
condition	B-DISO
typically	O
characterized	O
by	O
acute	O
and	O
severe	O
shoulder	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
followed	O
by	O
paresis	B-DISO
with	O
muscle	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
and	O
atrophy	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
limb	I-ANAT
or	O
shoulder	B-ANAT
girdle	I-ANAT
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
/	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
obtained	O
for	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
test	O
from	O
315	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
and	O
20	O
non	O
-	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
145	O
(	O
46	O
%)	O
and	O
15	O
(	O
75	O
%)	O
specimens	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
tested	O
positive	O
on	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
v	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Sentinel	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
and	O
SARI	O
surveillance	O
,	O
both	O
followed	O
with	O
virological	O
surveillance	O
,	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
optimal	O
method	O
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
full	O
scope	O
of	O
the	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
(	O
from	O
mild	O
to	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Vojvodina	O
.	O

using	O
selective	O
enrichment	O
faecal	B-ANAT
culture	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
enterotoxigenic	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
(	O
K99	O
)	O
and	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
using	O
a	O
commercial	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

Most	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhoea	B-DISO
in	O
dairy	O
and	O
dairy	O
beef	O
operations	O
involve	O
multiple	O
pathogens	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Most	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhoea	B-DISO
in	O
dairy	O
and	O
dairy	O
beef	O
operations	O
involve	O
multiple	O
pathogens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	B-PROC
infections	I-PROC
in	O
workers	O
in	O
hospital	O
and	O
research	O
laboratory	O
settings	O
:	O
a	O
comparative	O
review	O
of	O
infection	O
modes	O
and	O
respective	O
biosafety	O
aspects	O
.	O

For	O
airborne	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
81	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
infections	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
laboratories	O
,	O
with	O
hantavirus	B-SPEC
the	O
leading	O
causative	O
agent	O
.	O

Current	O
standard	O
precaution	O
practices	O
are	O
insufficient	O
to	O
prevent	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
unconventional	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
hospitals	O
analyzed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
recommended	O
that	O
special	O
attention	O
be	O
given	O
to	O
flaviviruses	B-SPEC
in	O
these	O
settings	O
.	O

A	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
variants	O
was	O
found	O
and	O
the	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
41	O
samples	O
revealed	O
a	O
high	O
molecular	O
similarity	O
among	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
isolates	O
(	O
from	O
90	O
.	O
2	O
to	O
100	O
%	O
and	O
from	O
85	O
.	O
3	O
to	O
100	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

The	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
gene	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
amplified	O
,	O
cloned	O
and	O
sequenced	O
from	O
three	O
samples	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fourteen	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
IBVs	O
)	O
detected	O
in	O
broiler	O
,	O
broiler	O
breeder	O
,	O
and	O
layer	B-ANAT
flocks	O
in	O
Slovenia	O
between	O
2007	O
and	O
2009	O
were	O
molecularly	O
analyzed	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
direct	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
and	O
epidemiologic	O
investigations	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
genetic	O
classification	O
correlates	O
with	O
the	O
geographic	O
origins	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Repeated	O
virus	B-SPEC
identification	O
in	O
the	O
airways	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
and	O
severe	O
asthma	B-PATH
during	O
prospective	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

All	O
subjects	O
underwent	O
spirometry	O
and	O
completed	O
a	O
written	O
questionnaire	O
on	O
asthma	B-PATH
symptoms	O
at	O
baseline	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Thirty	O
-	O
two	O
of	O
525	O
patient	O
assessments	O
(	O
6	O
%)	O
showed	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
sample	O
.	O

Bacterial	O
isolates	O
from	O
specimens	O
recovered	O
from	O
our	O
patient	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
his	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
analyzed	O
using	O
microarray	O
DNA	O
analysis	O
and	O
spa	O
typing	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
isolates	O
belonged	O
to	O
clonal	B-ANAT
complex	O
8	O
,	O
were	O
methicillin	B-CHED
-	O
susceptible	O
and	O
positive	O
for	O
Panton	O
-	O
Valentine	O
leukocidin	O
.	O

Rapid	O
identification	O
of	O
Panton	O
-	O
Valentine	O
leukocidin	O
in	O
methicillin	B-CHED
-	O
sensitive	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
isolates	O
causing	O
severe	O
infections	B-DISO
is	O
necessary	O
so	O
as	O
not	O
to	O
miss	O
their	O
potentially	O
devastating	O
consequences	O
.	O

Among	O
843	O
cases	O
,	O
90	O
were	O
HboV	O
positive	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
131	O
were	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
positive	O
(	O
15	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
117	O
were	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
positive	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
84	O
were	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
positive	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
55	O
were	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
positive	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
48	O
were	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
positive	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
and	O
33	O
were	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
positive	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

Of	O
the	O
90	O
HBoV	O
infected	O
patients	O
,	O
45	O
(	O
50	O
%)	O
showed	O
a	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
other	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
wheezing	B-DISO
between	O
HBoV	O
and	O
RSV	B-SPEC
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

HBoV	O
positive	O
rate	O
detected	O
from	O
children	O
with	O
wheezing	B-DISO
is	O
higher	O
than	O
from	O
children	O
without	O
wheezing	B-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
apart	O
from	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
HBoV	O
is	O
another	O
virus	B-SPEC
causing	O
wheezing	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Public	O
health	O
crises	O
:	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
consensus	O
document	O
on	O
their	O
management	O
in	O
Spain	O
.	O

This	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
significantly	O
decreased	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
replication	O
,	O
reducing	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
intra	O
-	O
and	O
extracellular	B-COMP
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
titers	O
.	O

Expansion	O
of	O
CXCR3	B-PRGE
-	O
expressing	O
ASC	O
in	O
draining	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
prior	O
to	O
accumulation	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
was	O
consistent	O
with	O
their	O
recruitment	B-DISO
by	O
sustained	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CXCR3	B-PRGE
ligands	O
during	O
viral	O
persistence	O
.	O

Both	O
total	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
ASC	O
were	O
reduced	O
greater	O
than	O
80	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
of	O
infected	O
CXCR3	B-PRGE
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
reduction	O
of	O
ASC	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	O
,	O
neither	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
ASC	O
trafficking	B-PROC
to	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
nor	O
antiviral	B-PRGE
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
reduced	O
relative	O
to	O
levels	O
in	O
control	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Severe	O
cases	O
of	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
v2009	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Réunion	O
Island	O
in	O
2009	O
and	O
2010	O
].	O

Our	O
data	O
may	O
contribute	O
toward	O
better	O
management	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
pandemics	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
confirmed	O
option	O
in	O
ARDS	O
management	O
improving	O
survival	O
,	O
and	O
few	O
other	O
therapies	O
have	O
translated	O
into	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
or	O
reduced	O
ventilation	O
time	O
.	O

His	O
-	O
tagged	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
purified	O
and	O
used	O
as	O
immunogen	B-CHED
to	O
produce	O
mAbs	O
.	O

The	O
availability	O
of	O
TGEV	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
mAbs	O
will	O
be	O
instrumental	O
to	O
study	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
in	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
examined	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ammonia	B-CHED
at	O
different	O
concentrations	O
and	O
temperatures	O
to	O
disinfect	O
hatchery	O
waste	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Consider	O
a	O
data	O
collection	O
setup	O
during	O
a	O
spread	O
of	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
statistical	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
spinned	O
Poisson	O
distribution	O
are	O
developed	O
and	O
illustrated	O
using	O
infectious	B-DISO
smallpox	B-DISO
incidence	O
in	O
Abakaliki	O
,	O
Nigeria	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
examining	O
the	O
clinical	O
relationship	O
between	O
viral	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
graft	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
review	O
confirms	O
a	O
causal	O
relationship	O
between	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
cannot	O
confirm	O
a	O
link	O
between	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
rejection	O
.	O

In	O
all	O
the	O
patients	O
we	O
registered	O
the	O
basic	O
demographic	O
data	O
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
severe	O
disease	O
,	O
symptoms	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
signs	I-DISO
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
67	O
(	O
68	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
patients	O
received	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
,	O
89	O
(	O
90	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
and	O
64	O
(	O
65	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
a	O
combined	O
therapy	O
.	O

Patients	O
seem	O
to	O
have	O
benefit	O
from	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
especially	O
in	O
first	O
48	O
hours	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
series	O
of	O
sialosides	O
modified	O
at	O
the	O
4	O
-	O
and	O
9	O
-	O
hydroxy	O
group	O
were	O
synthesised	O
and	O
tested	O
for	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
viral	O
haemagglutinin	O
-	O
esterase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
from	O
various	O
Orthomyxoviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
Coronaviruses	O
.	O

RSV	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
pathogen	O
(	O
41	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
(	O
27	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
hBoV	O
,	O
and	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
both	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

The	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
group	O
had	O
higher	O
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
rate	O
than	O
RSV	B-SPEC
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
envelope	B-COMP
(	O
E	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
H1N1	O
associated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
given	O
a	O
trial	O
of	O
IV	O
IgG	B-PRGE
.	O
More	O
case	O
reports	O
and	O
trials	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
ascertain	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
IV	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
the	O
best	O
dosage	O
and	O
timing	O
of	O
starting	O
IV	O
IgG	B-PRGE
in	O
relation	O
to	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

These	O
domains	O
possess	B-DISO
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
-	O
1	B-PRGE
″-	I-PRGE
phosphatase	I-PRGE
(	O
ADRP	B-PRGE
)	O
activity	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
bind	B-FUNC
poly	O
(	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
),	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
or	O
poly	O
(	O
G	O
).	O

Overall	O
,	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
producing	I-PRGE
CD8	I-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
immunodominant	O
major	B-PROC
histocompatibility	I-PROC
complex	I-PROC
(	O
MHC	B-PROC
)	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
epitope	B-CHED
.	O

Unexpectedly	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
a	O
positive	O
correlation	O
between	O
duration	O
of	O
MV	O
and	O
survival	O
although	O
two	O
patients	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
on	O
MV	O
for	O
the	O
longest	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
(	O
43	O
and	O
39	O
days	O
,	O
respectively	O
),	O
developed	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
,	O
secondary	B-DISO
bacterial	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
European	O
risk	O
assessment	O
guidance	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
transmitted	B-DISO
on	O
aircraft	O
--	O
the	O
RAGIDA	O
project	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
explore	O
whether	O
inflammation	B-DISO
induced	O
via	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
compared	O
with	O
inflammation	B-DISO
induced	O
via	O
bacterial	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
,	O
modulates	O
AD	O
-	O
like	O
pathological	O
features	O
in	O
the	O
3xTg	O
-	O
AD	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
and	O
provide	O
evidence	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
may	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
comorbidity	O
for	O
AD	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
infection	O
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
or	O
chronic	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
significantly	O
exacerbates	O
tau	B-CHED
pathological	O
characteristics	O
,	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
leading	O
to	O
impairments	O
in	O
spatial	O
memory	B-PROC
.	O

Tau	B-CHED
phosphorylation	B-PROC
was	O
increased	O
via	O
a	O
glycogen	B-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3β	I-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
mechanism	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
prominent	O
shift	O
of	O
tau	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
detergent	B-CHED
-	O
soluble	O
to	O
the	O
detergent	B-CHED
-	O
insoluble	B-ANAT
fraction	I-ANAT
.	O

Only	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
enrolled	O
in	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Network	O
trials	O
had	O
baseline	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
<	O
5	O
cm	O
H₂O	O
,	O
and	O
50	O
%	O
had	O
baseline	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
≥	O
10	O
cm	O
H₂O	O
.	O
Baseline	O
PaO₂	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio₂	O
predicted	O
mortality	O
,	O
but	O
after	O
controlling	O
for	O
PaO₂	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio₂	O
,	O
baseline	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
did	O
not	O
predict	O
mortality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
three	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
zoonotic	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
strains	O
in	O
cynomolgus	O
macaques	B-SPEC
.	O

Viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
was	O
higher	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
a	O
late	O
human	B-SPEC
phase	O
isolate	O
compared	O
to	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
isolate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Activation	O
and	O
maturation	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
main	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
after	O
a	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Combination	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
saved	O
a	O
child	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	O
after	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
resection	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
girl	O
who	O
underwent	O
a	O
right	O
middle	O
and	O
lower	O
lung	B-ANAT
lobectomy	O
for	O
congenital	B-DISO
cystic	I-DISO
adenomatoid	I-DISO
malformation	I-DISO
suffered	B-DISO
massive	B-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
and	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
during	O
the	O
operation	O
.	O

We	O
introduced	O
venovenous	O
(	O
V	O
-	O
V	O
)	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	B-PROC
)	O
to	O
rest	B-FUNC
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
V	O
-	O
V	O
ECMO	B-PROC
was	O
changed	O
to	O
right	O
and	O
left	O
atrial	B-ANAT
ECMO	B-PROC
because	O
of	O
unsatisfactory	O
oxygen	B-CHED
support	O
on	O
POD	O
23	O
.	O

The	O
collapsed	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
was	O
then	O
gradually	O
recruited	O
,	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
improved	O
(	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
ratio	O
=	O
434	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
LocaPep	O
:	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
epitopes	O
on	O
protein	B-CHED
surfaces	O
using	O
peptides	B-CHED
from	O
phage	O
display	O
libraries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
In	O
silico	O
investigations	O
of	O
possible	O
routes	O
of	O
assembly	O
of	O
ORF	B-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
ORF	O
3a	O
of	O
human	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
274	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Optimization	O
of	O
a	O
manufacturing	O
process	O
for	O
diagnostic	O
agents	O
and	O
vaccines	O
has	O
been	O
achieved	O
while	O
applying	O
a	O
roll	O
tube	O
method	O
for	O
both	O
RBT	O
cell	B-COMP
cultivation	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
reproduction	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
was	O
identified	O
in	O
2004	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
.	O

The	O
ribosomal	B-PROC
frameshifting	I-PROC
was	O
inhibited	O
by	O
the	O
PNA	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
bound	O
sequence	O
-	O
specifically	O
a	O
pseudoknot	O
structure	O
in	O
the	O
-	O
1	O
PRF	O
signal	O
,	O
in	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
as	O
assessed	O
using	O
a	O
dual	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
-	O
based	O
reporter	O
plasmid	O
containing	O
the	O
-	O
1	O
PRF	O
signal	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
undertaken	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
sampling	O
used	O
ventilation	O
filters	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
types	O
and	O
concentrations	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
aerosols	O
present	O
in	O
buildings	O
.	O

Two	O
passages	O
of	O
eluates	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
or	O
these	O
eggs	O
did	O
not	O
reveal	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
any	O
live	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
rest	B-FUNC
,	O
achieved	O
by	O
extracorporeal	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
removal	O
(	O
ECCO₂R	O
),	O
allowed	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
closure	O
of	O
BPF	O
,	O
and	O
resumption	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
Virochip	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
novel	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
novel	O
rhinovirus	O
clade	O
,	O
XMRV	O
(	O
a	O
retrovirus	B-SPEC
linked	O
to	O
prostate	B-PATH
cancer	B-SPEC
),	O
avian	B-SPEC
bornavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
a	O
wasting	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
parrots	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
a	O
novel	O
cardiovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
with	O
respiratory	O
and	O
diarrheal	O
illness	O
.	O

The	O
current	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Virochip	O
has	O
been	O
ported	O
to	O
an	O
Agilent	O
microarray	O
platform	O
and	O
consists	O
of	O
~	O
36	O
,	O
000	O
probes	O
derived	O
from	O
over	O
~	O
1	O
,	O
500	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
GenBank	O
as	O
of	O
December	O
of	O
2009	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analyses	O
revealed	O
a	O
strong	O
selection	O
for	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
83P	O
-	O
5	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
virtually	O
all	O
mutations	O
occurring	O
at	O
the	O
34th	O
and	O
61st	O
passages	O
had	O
been	O
carried	O
over	O
to	O
the	O
100th	O
-	O
passaged	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Eight	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
were	O
the	O
suspected	O
players	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Among	O
them	O
,	O
protein	B-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
localizes	O
to	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
and	O
behaves	O
as	O
an	O
interferon	B-PRGE
antagonist	B-PROC
by	O
inhibiting	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
activation	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
3b	O
on	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
other	O
common	O
host	B-COMP
transcription	B-PROC
factors	O
remains	O
unexplored	O
.	O

A	O
series	O
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
analogues	O
were	O
also	O
synthesized	O
,	O
showing	O
that	O
glutamate	B-CHED
subtitution	O
at	O
Arg	B-CHED
(	O
708	O
)	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
Arg	B-CHED
(	O
710	O
)	O
attenuated	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
process	O
,	O
while	O
alanine	B-CHED
substitution	O
at	O
Arg	B-CHED
(	O
708	O
)	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
Ser	B-COMP
(	O
709	O
)	O
did	O
not	O
inhibit	O
peptide	B-CHED
cleavage	B-PROC
by	O
recombinant	O
ADAM17	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
optic	B-DISO
neuritis	I-DISO
was	O
dependent	O
on	O
a	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
-	O
mediated	O
mechanism	O
of	O
viral	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
transport	B-PROC
along	O
retinal	B-ANAT
ganglion	B-DISO
cell	B-COMP
axons	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nuclear	O
factor	O
-	O
κB	O
(	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
)	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
many	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
genes	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
implicated	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Patients	O
homozygous	O
for	O
the	O
4	O
base	B-FUNC
pair	I-FUNC
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
promoter	O
of	O
NFKB1	B-PRGE
(	O
del	B-PRGE
/	O
del	B-PRGE
)	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
an	O
increased	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
of	O
developing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
unadjusted	O
analysis	O
but	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
develop	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
significant	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
del	O
/	O
del	O
genotype	O
and	O
age	O
(	O
OR	O
5	O
.	O
21	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
35	O
-	O
20	O
.	O
0	O
).	O

The	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
vitro	O
by	O
LiCl	B-CHED
was	O
observed	O
at	O
different	O
virus	B-SPEC
doses	O
and	O
with	O
different	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
LiCl	B-CHED
was	O
also	O
observed	O
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Together	O
with	O
other	O
reports	O
concerning	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
lithium	B-CHED
salts	I-CHED
on	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
LiCl	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
a	O
potent	O
agent	O
against	O
porcine	B-SPEC
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Regression	O
analyses	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
stressors	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
avoidant	O
coping	O
strategies	O
positively	O
predicted	O
psychological	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
both	O
groups	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
(	O
RM	O
)	O
were	O
performed	O
every	O
2	O
hours	O
,	O
increasing	O
PEEP	B-CHED
to	O
20	O
cmH2O	O
.	O

The	O
PEEP	B-CHED
levels	O
set	O
in	O
the	O
FOT	O
group	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
set	O
in	O
the	O
ARDSNet	O
group	O
during	O
the	O
whole	O
trial	O
.	O

These	O
higher	O
values	O
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
resulted	O
in	O
improved	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
,	O
reduced	O
driving	O
pressure	O
,	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
a	O
trend	O
for	O
higher	O
PaCO2	O
and	O
lower	O
systemic	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
pressure	O
.	O

After	O
12	O
hours	O
of	O
ventilation	O
,	O
histopathological	O
analysis	O
showed	O
a	O
significantly	O
lower	O
score	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
the	O
FOT	O
group	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
ARDSNet	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lack	O
of	O
peripheral	O
memory	B-ANAT
B	I-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
responses	O
in	O
recovered	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
six	O
-	O
year	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
study	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
Ab	O
may	O
eventually	O
vanish	O
and	O
peripheral	O
memory	B-ANAT
B	I-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
responses	O
are	O
undetectable	O
in	O
recovered	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
primary	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
patients	O
develop	O
refractory	O
hypoxemic	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
typical	O
computed	O
tomographic	O
findings	O
of	O
multi	O
-	O
lobar	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
opacities	B-DISO
and	O
extremely	O
reduced	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
airspace	O
.	O

Although	O
no	O
new	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
since	O
2004	O
,	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
are	O
a	O
constant	O
threat	O
;	O
therefore	O
,	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
prudent	O
preventive	O
step	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
carried	O
out	O
.	O

To	O
discover	O
ligands	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
pseudoknot	O
by	O
virtual	O
screening	O
,	O
we	O
constructed	O
a	O
3D	O
structural	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
pseudoknot	O
and	O
conducted	O
a	O
computational	O
screening	O
of	O
the	O
chemical	O
database	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
rumouring	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
2003	O
epidemic	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
number	O
of	O
different	O
modalities	O
have	O
been	O
employed	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
attachment	O
and	O
entry	O
into	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
occurred	O
15	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
pi	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
myriad	O
of	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
were	O
observed	O
both	O
extracellularly	O
and	O
intracellularly	O
after	O
48	O
h	O
pi	O
.	O

Thereafter	O
,	O
intracellular	B-COMP
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
were	O
observed	O
to	O
be	O
present	O
in	O
vacuoles	B-COMP
or	O
present	O
freely	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

Chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
then	O
challenged	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
M41	O
by	O
the	O
nasal	B-ANAT
-	O
ocular	B-PROC
route	O
3	O
weeks	O
after	O
boosting	O
.	O

Several	O
virus	B-SPEC
families	O
in	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
Nidovirales	I-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
must	O
achieve	O
these	O
objectives	O
with	O
the	O
largest	O
and	O
most	O
complex	O
replicating	O
RNA	O
genomes	O
known	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
32	O
kb	O
of	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
RNA	O
.	O

Polyclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
raised	O
against	O
expressed	B-PROC
S1	O
(	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
position	O
1	O
to	O
573	O
from	O
start	O
codon	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
),	O
4F	O
/	O
4R	O
(	O
482	O
-	O
678	O
),	O
6F	O
/	O
6R	O
(	O
830	O
-	O
1071	O
),	O
or	O
Mod4F	O
/	O
Epi4R	O
(	O
476	O
-	O
520	O
)	O
S	O
fragment	O
recognized	O
native	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
TCoV	O
in	O
the	O
intestines	B-ANAT
of	O
TCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
turkey	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
.	O

Mortality	O
,	O
(	O
multi	O
)	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
during	O
admission	O
were	O
observed	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
for	O
laboratory	O
analysis	O
were	O
drawn	O
on	O
admission	O
,	O
on	O
Days	O
3	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
14	O
of	O
the	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Intriguing	O
interplay	O
between	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
its	O
receptors	O
during	O
entry	O
in	O
primary	O
feline	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Secondly	O
,	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
co	O
-	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
FIPV	O
and	O
the	O
receptors	O
was	O
determined	O
.	O

Blocking	B-DISO
fAPN	O
reduced	O
FIPV	O
II	O
binding	B-FUNC
by	O
53	O
%	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
80	O
%.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
assessed	O
cell	B-COMP
toxicity	O
and	O
possible	O
targets	O
for	O
the	O
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
thereby	O
strengthening	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
HR2	O
is	O
an	O
attractive	O
site	O
for	O
therapeutic	O
intervention	O
.	O

Treatment	O
was	O
ineffective	O
and	O
the	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
died	B-PROC
2	O
-	O
5	O
days	O
later	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
A59	O
develop	O
autoantibodies	O
(	O
autoAb	O
)	O
to	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
fumarylacetoacetate	B-PRGE
hydrolase	I-PRGE
(	O
FAH	B-PRGE
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Crush	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
the	O
Wenchuan	O
Earthquake	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
crush	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
CS	O
)	O
and	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
AKI	O
)	O
brought	O
by	O
the	O
earthquake	O
,	O
which	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
a	O
mountainous	O
area	O
.	O

They	O
had	O
various	O
complications	O
,	O
including	O
different	O
kinds	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
or	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
AKI	B-PRGE
,	O
hematological	O
abnormality	O
,	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
congestive	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
multiple	O
organs	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
etc	O
.	O

Complication	B-DISO
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
by	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
makes	O
patients	O
very	O
ill	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Among	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
six	O
had	O
ALI	O
or	O
a	O
condition	B-DISO
that	O
was	O
clinically	O
comparable	O
to	O
ALI	O
(	O
cALI	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Circulating	O
sES	B-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
elevated	O
in	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
cALI	O
,	O
and	O
sES	O
levels	O
decreased	O
following	O
treatment	O
of	O
their	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Under	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
Vero	O
/	O
TMPRSS2	O
cells	B-COMP
treated	O
with	O
leupeptin	O
,	O
retained	O
huge	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
virions	B-COMP
on	O
their	O
surfaces	O
,	O
while	O
such	O
clusters	B-CHED
were	O
rarely	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
and	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
leupeptin	O
in	O
Vero	O
and	O
Vero	O
/	O
TMPRSS2	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

We	O
observed	O
that	O
all	O
kinds	O
of	O
splenic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
examined	O
were	O
infected	O
,	O
including	O
B220	O
(+)	O
Ly	O
-	O
6C	O
(+)	O
plasmacytoid	B-ANAT
dendritic	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	B-PATH
can	O
lead	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
which	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Substances	O
produced	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
can	O
be	O
translocated	O
into	O
the	O
systemic	O
circulation	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
injury	O
to	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
epithelium	B-ANAT
and	O
to	O
the	O
capillary	B-ANAT
endothelium	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
core	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
HBcAb	O
)-	O
positive	O
organ	B-ANAT
donors	O
have	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
transmit	O
infection	B-DISO
to	O
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

Effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
are	O
lacking	O
that	O
specifically	O
target	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
measles	B-PATH
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
H5N1	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
available	O
vaccinations	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
variable	O
efficacy	O
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
of	O
mucroporin	O
-	O
M1	O
against	O
measles	B-PATH
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
H5N1	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
notably	O
increased	O
with	O
an	O
EC₅₀	O
of	O
7	O
.	O
15	O
μg	O
/	O
ml	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
52	O
μM	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
CC₅₀	O
of	O
70	O
.	O
46	O
μg	O
/	O
ml	O
(	O
34	O
.	O
70	O
μM	O
)	O
against	O
measles	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
an	O
EC₅₀	O
of	O
14	O
.	O
46	O
μg	O
/	O
ml	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
12	O
μM	O
)	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
an	O
EC₅₀	O
of	O
2	O
.	O
10	O
μg	O
/	O
ml	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
03	O
μM	O
)	O
against	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
while	O
the	O
original	O
peptide	B-CHED
mucroporin	O
showed	O
no	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
any	O
of	O
these	O
three	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
studied	O
13	O
adults	O
with	O
early	O
-	O
phase	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
PEEP	B-CHED
was	O
then	O
progressively	O
reduced	O
until	O
the	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)	O
decreased	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
maximum	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
);	O
the	O
PEEP	B-CHED
was	O
subsequently	O
set	O
to	O
2	O
cmH	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
above	O
this	O
level	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
,	O
case	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
outcome	O
in	O
2	O
foals	O
with	O
Rhodococcus	O
equi	O
infection	O
associated	O
with	O
presumptive	O
severe	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
hemolytic	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
.	O

Following	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
,	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
became	O
critical	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
F	O
(	O
I	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
value	O
of	O
52	O
even	O
after	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
.	O

Inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
10	O
ppm	O
)	O
was	O
administered	O
to	O
the	O
patient	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
treatment	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
gradual	O
but	O
dramatic	O
improvement	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Accordingly	O
,	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
chosen	O
,	O
because	O
these	O
animals	B-SPEC
respond	O
to	O
PADRE	O
better	O
than	O
other	O
mouse	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
PADRE	O
administration	O
amplified	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
effect	O
,	O
extending	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
hypergammaglobulinemia	O
and	O
increasing	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
autoAb	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
classical	O
post	O
-	O
diarrhoeal	O
form	O
associated	O
with	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
(	O
O157	O
:	O
H7	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
seen	O
.	O

One	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Further	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
9b	O
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
Crm1	B-PRGE
and	O
gets	O
exported	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
using	O
an	O
active	O
NES	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cellular	O
and	O
viral	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
adenosylmethionine	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
methyltransferases	I-PRGE
are	O
involved	O
in	O
many	O
regulated	O
processes	O
such	O
as	O
metabolism	B-PROC
,	O
detoxification	B-PROC
,	O
signal	B-PROC
transduction	I-PROC
,	O
chromatin	B-PROC
remodeling	I-PROC
,	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
processing	O
,	O
and	O
mRNA	B-PROC
capping	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
method	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
inoculation	O
requires	O
careful	O
consideration	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
ferret	B-SPEC
experiments	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
/	I-DISO
H5N1	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
was	O
made	O
.	O

Exploration	O
of	O
the	O
retroperitoneal	B-ANAT
hematoma	B-DISO
showed	O
an	O
actively	O
bleeding	B-DISO
ligated	O
ileocolic	O
vessel	B-ANAT
.	O

Unfortunately	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
maintenance	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
any	O
pathogen	O
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
populations	O
.	O

We	O
propose	O
that	O
life	O
history	O
patterns	O
of	O
many	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
temperate	O
-	O
zone	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
coupled	O
with	O
sufficiently	O
long	O
incubation	O
periods	O
,	O
allows	O
for	O
rabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
maintenance	O
.	O

Seasonal	O
variability	O
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
mortality	O
rates	O
,	O
specifically	O
low	O
mortality	O
during	O
hibernation	B-PROC
,	O
allows	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
bat	B-ENZY
population	O
viability	O
.	O

Within	O
viable	O
bat	B-ENZY
populations	O
,	O
sufficiently	O
long	O
incubation	O
periods	B-PROC
allow	O
enough	O
infected	O
individuals	O
to	O
enter	O
hibernation	B-PROC
and	O
survive	O
until	O
the	O
following	O
year	O
,	O
and	O
hence	O
avoid	O
an	O
epizootic	O
fadeout	O
of	O
rabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Five	O
patients	O
had	O
full	O
or	O
nearly	O
complete	O
recoveries	O
;	O
one	O
still	O
requires	O
nocturnal	O
ventilation	O
;	O
and	O
one	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
14	O
%)	O
of	O
myocardial	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
while	O
still	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Our	O
hypothesis	O
is	O
that	O
antecedent	O
respiratory	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
increases	O
bacterial	O
density	O
and	O
progression	O
to	O
perforation	O
.	O

Data	O
are	O
reported	O
by	O
clinical	O
ear	B-ANAT
state	O
.	O

M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
catarrhalis	I-SPEC
(	O
96	O
%),	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
influenzae	I-SPEC
(	O
91	O
%),	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
(	O
89	O
%)	O
and	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
59	O
%)	O
were	O
common	O
;	O
including	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
HRV	O
)	O
(	O
38	O
%),	O
polyomavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
HPyV	O
)	O
(	O
14	O
%),	O
adenovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
HAdV	O
)	O
(	O
13	O
%),	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
HBoV	O
)	O
(	O
8	O
%)	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
(	O
4	O
%).	O

Children	O
infected	O
with	O
HAdV	O
were	O
3	O
times	O
more	O
likely	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
to	O
have	O
AOM	B-DISO
with	O
or	O
without	O
perforation	O
.	O

In	O
cases	O
where	O
intranuclear	B-COMP
inclusions	I-COMP
are	O
missing	O
but	O
clinical	O
and	O
histological	O
findings	O
are	O
compatible	O
with	O
FHV	O
-	O
1	O
dermatitis	B-DISO
,	O
immunohistochemistry	O
(	O
IHC	O
)	O
and	O
PCRs	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
.	O

If	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
histopathology	O
suggest	O
FHV	O
-	O
1	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
typical	O
inclusion	B-COMP
bodies	I-COMP
,	O
IHC	O
is	O
the	O
preferred	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
;	O
PCR	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
initial	O
screening	O
,	O
but	O
due	O
to	O
false	O
positives	O
is	O
not	O
sufficient	O
for	O
a	O
definitive	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

We	O
prospectively	O
describe	O
baseline	O
characteristics	O
,	O
treatment	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
consecutive	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
of	O
Sfax	O
hospital	O
.	O

We	O
prospectively	O
analysed	O
data	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
and	O
compared	O
survivors	O
and	O
dead	B-PROC
patients	O
to	O
identify	O
any	O
predictors	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
our	O
experience	O
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
can	O
remain	O
isolated	O
but	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
other	O
dysfunctions	O
or	O
complications	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
,	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
seizures	B-DISO
,	O
myasthenia	B-DISO
gravis	I-DISO
exacerbation	O
,	O
Guillan	O
-	O
Barre	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
biological	O
disturbances	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
from	O
the	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
in	O
Sfax	O
occurred	O
in	O
young	O
individuals	O
and	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
and	O
additional	O
organ	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
failure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transesophageal	O
echocardiography	O
-	O
guided	O
technique	O
for	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
dual	O
-	O
lumen	O
catheter	O
placement	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sickle	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
disease	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
commonest	O
haemoglobinopathy	B-DISO
within	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
.	O

No	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
all	O
-	O
cause	O
mortality	O
were	O
observed	O
(	O
ITT	O
patients	O
:	O
26	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
EPA	B-CHED
/	O
GLA	B-CHED
diet	O
versus	O
27	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
control	O
diet	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
72	O
;	O
evaluable	B-DISO
:	O
26	O
.	O
4	O
EPA	B-CHED
/	O
GLA	B-CHED
diet	O
versus	O
30	O
.	O
18	O
control	O
diet	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
79	O
).	O

Whereas	O
D	O
-	O
2	O
exhibited	O
high	O
cytotoxicity	O
in	O
MT	O
-	O
4	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
,	O
L	O
-	O
2	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
any	O
discernible	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
in	O
all	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
tested	O
,	O
reflecting	O
that	O
L	O
-	O
2	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
candidate	O
for	O
an	O
anti	O
-	O
AIDS	O
drug	O
.	O

L	O
-	O
2	O
also	O
showed	O
weak	O
anti	O
-	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
activity	O
without	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
.	O

Due	O
to	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
hypercarbia	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
patient	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
later	O
emergent	O
blood	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
extracorporeal	O
support	O
.	O

It	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
and	O
useful	O
ultimate	O
therapeutic	O
strategy	O
for	O
preventing	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
furthermore	O
permitting	O
near	O
-	O
full	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	B-DISO
recovery	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pericardial	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
finding	O
in	O
everyday	O
clinical	O
practice	O
.	O

Epidemiologic	O
considerations	O
are	O
very	O
important	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
developed	O
countries	O
acute	O
idiopathic	O
pericarditis	O
and	O
idiopathic	O
pericardial	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
are	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
etiologies	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
some	O
underdeveloped	O
geographic	O
areas	O
tuberculous	B-DISO
pericarditis	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
pericardial	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
.	O

Pericardial	B-ANAT
drainage	B-ANAT
is	O
mandatory	O
when	O
clinical	O
tamponade	O
is	O
present	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
is	O
facilitated	O
by	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
through	O
an	O
undefined	O
mechanism	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
mouse	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
domain	I-PRGE
complexed	O
with	O
its	O
murine	B-SPEC
receptor	O
.	O

Mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
uses	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
NTD	O
)	O
of	O
its	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
as	O
its	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
.	O

Despite	O
its	O
galectin	O
fold	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
NTD	O
does	O
not	O
bind	B-FUNC
sugars	O
,	O
but	O
instead	O
binds	B-FUNC
mCEACAM1a	O
through	O
exclusive	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
.	O

Sugar	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
assays	O
reveal	O
that	O
galectin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
NTDs	I-PRGE
of	O
some	O
coronaviruses	O
such	O
as	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
OC43	O
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
bind	B-FUNC
sugars	O
.	O

Yet	O
,	O
ACS	B-FUNC
in	O
hemoglobin	B-DISO
SC	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
not	O
well	O
characterized	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
71	O
inpatient	O
episodes	O
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
hemoglobin	B-DISO
SC	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
over	O
a	O
20	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
.	O

Neurohumoral	O
-	O
mediated	O
cardiorenal	O
dysfunction	O
and	O
congestion	B-DISO
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
these	O
high	O
event	O
rates	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Reversible	O
cerebral	O
vasoconstriction	B-PROC
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
RCVS	O
)	O
has	O
reversible	O
multifocal	O
narrowing	O
of	O
the	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
arteries	I-ANAT
.	O

Sudden	O
severe	B-DISO
headache	I-DISO
had	O
progressed	O
and	O
developed	O
bilateral	O
lower	O
visual	O
fields	O
defect	O
along	O
with	O
mild	O
weakness	B-DISO
of	O
her	O
right	B-ANAT
leg	I-ANAT
on	O
the	O
next	O
day	O
.	O

To	O
address	O
this	O
,	O
children	O
less	O
than	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
from	O
3	O
public	O
sector	O
hospitals	O
,	O
Pretoria	O
South	O
Africa	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
14	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
by	O
PCR	O
over	O
2	O
years	O
.	O

A	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
test	O
showed	O
moderate	O
obstructive	B-DISO
ventilatory	I-DISO
defect	I-DISO
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
high	O
resolution	O
CT	O
scan	O
disclosed	O
some	O
dilated	O
vessels	B-ANAT
over	O
the	O
left	O
lower	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
germicide	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
efficient	O
ATS	B-DISO
-	O
D	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
if	O
it	O
induces	O
a	O
>	O
3	O
or	O
>	O
4	O
log	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
reduction	O
(	O
American	O
and	O
European	O
regulatory	O
agency	O
requirements	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
in	O
viral	O
titers	O
in	O
a	O
defined	O
contact	O
time	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
gene	O
7	O
by	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
genome	O
most	O
likely	O
has	O
provided	O
a	O
selective	O
advantage	O
to	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Establishment	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
ovine	O
kidney	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
for	O
isolation	O
and	O
propagation	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
infecting	O
domestic	O
cloven	O
-	O
hoofed	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
attachment	O
patterns	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
correlate	O
with	O
the	O
tropisms	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenicities	O
of	O
the	O
corresponding	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
brief	O
article	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
neonatal	O
RDS	O
has	O
a	O
complex	O
and	O
multifactorial	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
an	O
injurious	O
inflammatory	O
sequence	O
in	O
the	O
immature	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
/	O
DAD	B-PRGE
is	O
extremely	O
high	O
,	O
at	O
approximately	O
60	O
%,	O
and	O
no	O
effective	O
treatment	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
/	O
DAD	O
has	O
been	O
established	O
.	O

We	O
examined	O
serial	O
pathological	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
to	O
determine	O
the	O
progress	O
from	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
/	O
DAD	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
indicates	O
that	O
DAD	B-PRGE
with	O
severe	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
collapse	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
this	O
mouse	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
model	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Safety	O
advisories	O
from	O
the	O
FDA	O
,	O
CDC	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
relevant	O
pharmaceutical	B-CHED
manufacturers	O
were	O
ambiguous	O
in	O
their	O
description	O
in	O
""""	O
black	O
box	O
""""	O
warning	O
sections	O
of	O
package	O
inserts	O
describing	O
these	O
serious	O
and	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
toxicities	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Adverse	O
event	O
reports	O
identified	O
three	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
who	O
developed	O
nevirapine	B-CHED
-	O
associated	O
Stevens	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Johnson	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
following	O
occupational	O
exposure	O
to	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
blood	B-ANAT
or	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
;	O
four	O
persons	O
with	O
localized	O
hypersensitivity	B-DISO
and	O
fatal	O
cardiac	B-DISO
events	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
rapamycin	B-CHED
-	O
or	O
paclitaxel	B-CHED
-	O
coated	O
coronary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
stent	O
placements	O
;	O
and	O
six	O
persons	O
with	O
breast	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
who	O
developed	O
severe	O
or	O
fatal	O
anaphylaxis	B-DISO
after	O
receiving	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
chemotherapy	O
with	O
Cremophor	O
-	O
EL	O
containing	O
paclitaxel	B-CHED
.	O

It	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
important	O
immune	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
in	O
neutralizing	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Of	O
these	O
,	O
the	O
region	O
encoding	O
antigenic	O
sites	O
A	O
and	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
D	O
,	O
herein	O
defined	O
as	O
S	O
-	O
AD	O
,	O
are	O
most	O
critical	O
in	O
eliciting	O
host	B-COMP
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
compared	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
and	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
on	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
wood	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
.	O

Before	O
injury	O
,	O
the	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
randomized	O
to	O
receive	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
15	O
)	O
or	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
12	O
)	O
for	O
48	O
hrs	B-DISO
after	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
.	O

At	O
other	O
time	O
points	O
,	O
PaO2	O
/	O
Fio2	O
ratio	O
was	O
not	O
different	O
between	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
recombination	O
events	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
between	O
the	O
field	O
strains	O
.	O

They	O
also	O
suggest	O
two	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
TNFR1	B-PRGE
mediates	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
-	O
driven	O
DC	O
maturation	B-PROC
,	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
a	O
direct	O
effect	O
through	O
TNFR1	B-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
immature	O
DCs	B-DISO
and	O
an	O
indirect	O
effect	O
through	O
TNFR1	B-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
naive	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
hypercapnia	O
and	O
acidosis	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
attenuation	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
,	O
reduction	O
of	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
improvement	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
and	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
effects	O
on	O
other	O
organ	B-ANAT
systems	I-ANAT
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
potentially	O
harmful	O
effects	O
of	O
these	O
strategies	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
future	O
research	O
should	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
intracellular	B-COMP
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
that	O
mediate	O
ALI	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
potentially	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
reactive	O
biological	O
species	B-SPEC
in	O
ALI	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Future	O
research	O
can	O
also	O
elucidate	O
how	O
such	O
pathways	B-PROC
may	O
be	O
targeted	B-PROC
by	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
and	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
to	O
attenuate	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
history	O
,	O
current	O
situation	O
and	O
control	O
measures	O
for	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
variants	O
are	O
reviewed	O
.	O

Six	O
adjoining	O
12	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
ha	O
pastures	O
bisected	O
by	O
a	O
stream	O
in	O
central	O
Iowa	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
treatments	O
:	O
continuous	O
stocking	O
with	O
unrestricted	O
stream	O
access	O
(	O
CSU	O
),	O
continuous	O
stocking	O
with	O
restricted	O
stream	O
access	O
(	O
CSR	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
rotational	O
stocking	O
(	O
RS	O
).	O

Bovine	B-SPEC
enterovirus	I-SPEC
was	O
shed	O
by	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
24	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
cows	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
and	O
was	O
collected	O
in	O
the	O
runoff	O
of	O
8	O
.	O
3	O
and	O
16	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
runoff	O
simulations	O
on	O
bare	O
sites	O
in	O
CSU	O
pastures	O
in	O
June	O
and	O
October	O
of	O
2008	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
from	O
8	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
runoff	O
simulations	O
on	O
vegetated	O
sites	O
in	O
CSU	O
pastures	O
in	O
April	O
2009	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
fulminant	O
blastomycosis	B-DISO
with	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
earliest	O
diagnosis	O
possible	O
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
successful	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
is	O
usually	O
considered	O
not	O
indicated	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
)	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
theoretical	O
risk	O
of	O
air	B-DISO
trapping	I-DISO
and	O
hyperinflation	B-DISO
.	O

Ventilation	O
was	O
more	O
homogeneously	O
distributed	O
during	O
HFOV	O
than	O
during	O
initial	O
CMV	B-SPEC
.	O

Higher	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
compliance	O
and	O
tidal	O
volume	O
were	O
found	O
during	O
CMV	B-SPEC
after	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
HFOV	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
5	O
'	O
140	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
5	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
(	O
5	O
'	O
UTR	O
)	O
are	O
predicted	O
to	O
contain	O
three	O
secondary	O
structures	O
,	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
1	O
(	O
SL1	B-PRGE
),	O
SL2	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
SL4	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
deletion	O
of	O
SL4	O
is	O
lethal	O
,	O
and	O
genomes	O
carrying	O
this	O
deletion	O
are	O
defective	O
in	O
directing	O
subgenomic	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
second	O
-	O
site	O
mutations	O
are	O
predicted	O
to	O
change	O
either	O
the	O
spacing	O
between	O
SL1	B-PRGE
and	O
SL2	B-PRGE
or	O
that	O
between	O
SL2	B-PRGE
and	O
SL4	O
or	O
to	O
destabilize	O
the	O
proximal	O
portion	O
of	O
SL4a	O
in	O
our	O
model	O
.	O

The	O
therapeutic	O
potential	O
of	O
P2Y	B-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
is	O
rapidly	O
expanding	O
field	O
in	O
pharmacology	O
and	O
some	O
selective	O
agonists	B-CHED
became	O
recently	O
available	O
.	O

Clinical	O
and	O
experimental	O
studies	O
point	O
to	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
immunological	O
mechanisms	O
in	O
the	O
physiopathology	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
caused	O
by	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
in	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
serious	O
manifestation	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
and	O
variable	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

During	O
a	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
,	O
this	O
protocol	O
management	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
5	O
patients	O
with	O
refractory	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
associated	O
with	O
bronchial	B-DISO
fistula	I-DISO
after	O
thoracic	B-DISO
operations	O
.	O

It	O
may	O
be	O
possible	O
that	O
viral	O
dynamics	O
from	O
both	O
hypotheses	O
are	O
at	O
play	O
in	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
Hluhluwe	O
-	O
iMfolozi	O
Park	B-DISO
(	O
HiP	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
small	O
,	O
enclosed	O
reserve	O
in	O
South	O
Africa	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
lion	B-SPEC
(	O
Panthera	B-SPEC
leo	I-SPEC
)	O
population	O
arose	O
from	O
a	O
small	O
founder	B-DISO
group	O
in	O
the	O
1960s	O
and	O
started	O
showing	O
conspicuous	O
signs	O
of	O
inbreeding	B-PROC
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
feline	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
calicivirus	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
parvovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
were	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
lion	B-SPEC
population	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
antibody	B-COMP
prevalence	O
between	O
native	O
and	O
translocated	O
lions	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
offspring	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
feline	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
clinical	O
health	O
of	O
HiP	B-ANAT
lions	B-SPEC
.	O

Early	O
recognition	O
and	O
aggressive	B-DISO
therapeutic	O
treatment	O
could	O
prevent	O
fatal	O
cardiac	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Right	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
(	O
RVD	B-PROC
)	O
is	O
common	O
in	O
critically	O
ill	O
patients	O
and	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
affects	O
patients	O
'	O
outcomes	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
was	O
25	O
.	O
0	O
+/-	O

Although	O
similar	O
proportions	O
of	O
both	O
group	O
received	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
,	O
the	O
RVD	B-PROC
patients	O
had	O
lower	O
tidal	O
volume	O
and	O
had	O
higher	O
peak	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quasi	O
-	O
life	O
self	O
-	O
organizing	O
systems	O
:	O
based	O
on	O
ensembles	O
of	O
succinylated	O
derivatives	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
.	O

pECLA	O
is	O
an	O
effective	O
and	O
manageable	O
technique	O
to	O
support	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
pECLA	O
is	O
an	O
effective	O
and	O
manageable	O
technique	O
to	O
support	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
review	O
summarizes	O
knowledge	O
and	O
evidence	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
positive	O
end	O
-	O
expiratory	O
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severely	O
hypoxemic	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

More	O
specifically	O
,	O
it	O
documents	O
the	O
current	O
evidence	O
on	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
higher	O
PEEP	B-CHED
in	O
preventing	O
(	O
or	O
attenuating	O
)	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
during	O
the	O
ventilatory	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severely	O
hypoxemic	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
those	O
variables	O
are	O
defined	O
as	O
PaO	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
F	O
(	O
I	O
)	O
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
≤	O
100	O
mm	O
Hg	O
and	O
≥	O
15	O
cm	O
H	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
O	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
primary	O
objective	O
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
is	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
aerated	O
lung	B-ANAT
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
expiration	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
WNv	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
detected	O
in	O
brain	B-ANAT
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
gonads	B-ANAT
,	O
intestine	B-ANAT
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
AER	B-COMP
/	O
AED	B-CHED
mice	B-SPEC
developed	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
displayed	O
by	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
(	O
DAD	O
)	O
resulting	O
from	O
i	O
)	O
dramatic	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
alveolar	B-ANAT
septa	O
-	O
thickening	O
with	O
mononuclear	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
ii	O
)	O
some	O
hyperplasia	B-DISO
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
type	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
II	I-ANAT
pneumocytes	I-ANAT
,	O
iii	O
)	O
copious	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
protein	B-PROC
secretion	B-ANAT
,	O
iv	O
)	O
some	O
hyaline	B-DISO
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
covered	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
walls	O
,	O
and	O
v	O
)	O
DENV	O
-	O
2	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
positive	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
.	O

These	O
results	O
imply	O
a	O
potential	O
hazard	O
of	O
DENV	B-PRGE
NS1	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
,	O
particularly	O
against	O
DENV	O
strains	O
that	O
contain	O
multiple	O
mutations	O
or	O
genetic	B-PROC
recombination	I-PROC
within	O
or	O
between	O
their	O
DENV	O
E	O
and	O
NS1	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
encoding	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Italian	O
ECMO	O
network	O
experience	O
during	O
the	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pandemic	O
:	O
preparation	O
for	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
emergency	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

Lithium	B-CHED
poisoning	O
results	O
in	O
multisystem	O
toxicity	O
,	O
and	O
characteristic	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
are	O
directly	O
correlated	O
to	O
serum	B-COMP
lithium	B-CHED
concentration	O
.	O

She	O
was	O
referred	O
for	O
generalized	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
,	O
found	O
in	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
compromise	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
laboratory	O
data	O
significant	O
for	O
a	O
lithium	B-CHED
level	O
of	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
mmole	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
needing	O
emergent	O
hemodialysis	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
she	O
developed	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
requiring	O
intubation	O
.	O

We	O
included	O
67	O
studies	O
including	O
randomised	O
controlled	O
trials	O
and	O
observational	O
studies	O
with	O
a	O
mixed	O
risk	O
of	O
bias	B-SPEC
.	O

Simple	O
and	O
low	O
-	O
cost	O
interventions	O
would	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
reducing	O
transmission	O
of	O
epidemic	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
empirical	O
rule	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
govern	O
inter	O
-	O
individual	O
transmission	O
dynamics	O
for	O
many	O
pathogens	O
in	O
several	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
individuals	O
who	O
infect	O
disproportionately	O
more	O
secondary	O
contacts	O
,	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
most	O
others	O
,	O
became	O
known	O
as	O
super	O
-	O
spreaders	O
.	O

Gag	B-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
encoded	O
by	O
retroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
orchestrate	O
the	O
assembly	O
of	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
in	O
close	O
collaboration	O
with	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
machinery	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
nuclear	O
trafficking	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
RSV	B-PRGE
Gag	B-SPEC
protein	B-CHED
is	O
required	O
for	O
efficient	O
encapsidation	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
(	O
gRNA	O
)	O
into	O
assembling	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
.	O
19	O
Recently	O
,	O
we	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
viral	O
RNA	O
itself	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
key	O
factor	O
in	O
controlling	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
/	O
cytosol	B-COMP
distribution	O
of	O
RSV	B-PRGE
Gag	B-PRGE
.	O
22	O
Our	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
RSV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
to	O
the	O
Gag	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
promotes	O
Gag	B-PRGE
-	O
CRM1	B-PRGE
-	O
RanGTP	O
binding	B-FUNC
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
export	O
of	O
the	O
retroviral	B-SPEC
RNP	B-COMP
from	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
.	O

Hospitals	O
are	O
often	O
the	O
epicentres	O
of	O
newly	O
circulating	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

HCWs	O
perceived	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
occupationally	O
acquired	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
to	O
be	O
1	O
.)	O
exposure	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
undiagnosed	O
infections	B-DISO
2	O
.)	O

Demographic	O
data	O
,	O
symptoms	O
,	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
,	O
treatments	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
were	O
collected	O
for	O
analysis	O
.	O

Sixty	O
-	O
two	O
severe	O
or	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
with	O
confirmed	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

Four	O
death	B-PROC
reports	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
were	O
filed	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
14	O
days	O
from	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
with	O
the	O
primary	O
causes	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
or	O
complications	O
,	O
secondary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
pyopneumothorax	B-DISO
and	O
stroke	B-DISO
.	O

Homozygosity	O
mapping	O
was	O
performed	O
by	O
50K	O
SNP	O
genotyping	O
and	O
candidate	O
genes	O
were	O
successively	O
analyzed	O
by	O
direct	O
sequencing	O
on	O
genomic	O
DNA	O
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
.	O

SNP	O
genotyping	O
detected	O
several	O
regions	O
of	O
homozygosity	O
in	O
which	O
we	O
focused	O
our	O
attention	O
to	O
genes	O
involved	O
in	O
mitochondrial	B-PROC
translation	B-PROC
.	O

All	O
studies	O
with	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
document	O
an	O
improvement	O
in	O
systemic	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
70	O
%	O
to	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
with	O
maximal	O
improvement	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
most	O
hypoxemic	O
patients	O
.	O

Referral	O
to	O
a	O
specialized	O
center	O
with	O
ECMO	O
experience	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
early	O
after	O
the	O
initiation	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
ventilator	O
support	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	B-DISO
interstitial	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
:	O
diagnostic	O
approach	O
and	O
management	O
].	O

The	O
onset	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
is	O
acute	O
,	O
most	O
often	O
within	O
two	O
weeks	O
.	O

Underlying	O
aetiologies	O
are	O
numerous	O
and	O
variable	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
the	O
underlying	O
immune	B-PROC
status	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
document	O
two	O
young	O
adults	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
H1N1	O
-	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
who	O
developed	O
cerebral	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
pathogen	O
epitope	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
Foxp3	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
reg	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
can	O
be	O
identified	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
H1N1	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
during	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
24	O
-	O
year	O
gravida	O
4	O
para	O
2	O
with	O
singleton	O
pregnancy	O
admitted	O
to	O
obstetrical	O
unit	O
for	O
fever	B-PROC
up	O
to	O
38	O
°	O
C	O
during	O
the	O
20th	O
week	O
of	O
a	O
so	O
far	O
uncomplicated	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

Coincidentally	O
,	O
progressive	O
pancytopenia	B-DISO
and	O
increased	O
inflammatory	O
activity	O
was	O
recorded	O
.	O

Recent	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
cytomegalic	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
classical	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
were	O
excluded	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
assay	O
to	O
identify	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU1	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
a	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipient	O
with	O
fatal	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
38	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
patient	O
with	O
systemic	B-PATH
lupus	I-PATH
erythematosus	I-PATH
presented	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
and	O
hypoxemia	O
for	O
several	O
months	O
following	O
immunodepleting	O
autologous	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

She	O
was	O
treated	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
isolated	O
repeatedly	O
from	O
oropharynx	B-ANAT
and	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
fluids	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
later	O
empirically	O
for	O
lupus	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
died	B-PROC
6	O
months	O
after	O
transplant	B-ANAT
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
more	O
severe	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
was	O
produced	O
and	O
mortality	O
rates	O
were	O
higher	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
FGL2	B-PRGE
in	O
PD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
determined	O
to	O
be	O
mediated	O
by	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
replication	O
of	O
ns2	B-DISO
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
attenuated	O
in	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
derived	I-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
(	O
BMM	B-ANAT
)	O
generated	O
from	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
wt	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
but	O
not	O
in	O
L2	O
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
,	O
primary	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
or	O
BMM	B-ANAT
generated	O
from	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
(	O
IFNAR	B-PRGE
(-/-))	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
AAV	O
vector	O
encoding	O
EC	O
-	O
SOD	B-FUNC
increased	O
lung	B-ANAT
EC	O
-	O
SOD	B-FUNC
concentrations	O
,	O
and	O
enhanced	O
the	O
antioxidant	B-CHED
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

EC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SOD	I-PRGE
attenuated	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
,	O
decreased	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
counts	O
,	O
and	O
reduced	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
and	O
CINC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
concentrations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Local	O
renin	B-PRGE
-	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
systems	O
,	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
homologue	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
:	O
their	O
potential	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	O
of	O
chronic	O
obstructive	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
data	O
from	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
that	O
implicate	O
AngII	B-PRGE
and	O
functional	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
ACE	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
that	O
increase	O
ACE	B-PRGE
activity	O
with	O
increased	O
susceptibility	O
for	O
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
for	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
review	O
introduces	O
these	O
new	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
reviews	O
their	O
clinical	O
significance	O
,	O
especially	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
elderly	O
population	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
knowlesi	I-SPEC
malaria	B-PATH
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospital	O
,	O
Sabah	O
,	O
Malaysia	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
two	O
(	O
39	O
%)	O
had	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
;	O
of	O
these	O
,	O
6	O
(	O
27	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

None	O
experienced	O
coma	B-DISO
.	O

Parasite	O
clearance	O
times	O
were	O
1	O
-	O
2	O
days	O
shorter	O
with	O
either	O
artemether	B-CHED
-	O
lumefantrine	B-CHED
or	O
artesunate	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

Artemisinin	B-CHED
derivatives	I-CHED
rapidly	O
clear	O
parasitemia	B-DISO
and	O
are	O
efficacious	O
in	O
treating	O
uncomplicated	O
and	O
severe	O
knowlesi	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

Likewise	O
,	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
VLP	B-COMP
vaccine	O
,	O
containing	O
4	O
μg	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
without	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
,	O
reduced	O
lung	B-ANAT
virus	B-SPEC
titer	O
to	O
below	O
detectable	O
level	O
,	O
protected	O
mice	B-SPEC
from	O
weight	O
loss	O
,	O
and	O
elicited	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Sf9	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
produced	I-PRGE
full	I-PRGE
length	I-PRGE
purified	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
also	O
an	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
but	O
only	O
when	O
co	O
-	O
administered	O
IM	O
with	O
aluminum	B-CHED
hydroxide	I-CHED
.	O

All	O
evidence	O
charge	O
venlafaxine	B-CHED
as	O
the	O
only	O
possible	O
causal	O
factor	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
ancestor	O
'	O
s	O
foot	B-ANAT
-	O
prints	O
in	O
South	O
-	O
East	O
Asian	O
bat	B-ENZY
colonies	O
and	O
the	O
refuge	O
theory	O
.	O

To	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
sequence	O
of	O
Coronavirinae	B-SPEC
was	O
targeted	B-PROC
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
samples	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
collected	O
in	O
Thailand	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
twenty	O
-	O
eight	O
of	O
189	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
hospital	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
prudent	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
explore	O
and	O
develop	O
antiviral	B-CHED
chemotherapies	O
to	O
treat	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
compounds	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
tested	O
in	O
various	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
and	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
reduce	O
virus	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
titers	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
were	O
protective	O
against	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
lethal	O
models	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
or	O
otherwise	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
ameliorate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
are	O
also	O
reported	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
presence	O
and	O
distribution	O
of	O
CoV	O
in	O
Iberian	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
576	O
individuals	O
of	O
26	O
different	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
were	O
captured	O
in	O
13	O
locations	O
in	O
Spain	O
.	O

We	O
detected	O
anti	O
-	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
among	O
50	O
sera	B-COMP
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
adult	O
for	O
health	O
-	O
examination	O
by	O
WBLA	O
.	O

Their	O
expression	B-PROC
location	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
and	O
level	O
were	O
characterized	O
using	O
indirect	O
immune	O
fluorescence	O
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
and	O
Western	O
-	O
Blot	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
expressions	O
of	O
four	O
segments	O
of	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
recombinant	O
vaccinia	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
showed	O
at	O
appropriate	O
level	O
and	O
with	O
posttranslational	B-PROC
modification	I-PROC
(	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
),	O
and	O
S1	O
,	O
RL	O
and	O
RS	O
were	O
mainly	O
distributed	O
in	O
the	O
cell	O
membrane	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
S2	O
was	O
mainly	O
distributed	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	O
theme	O
:	O
cellular	B-COMP
PDZ	O
proteins	B-CHED
as	O
common	O
targets	O
of	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
many	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
also	O
encode	O
PBM	O
-	O
containing	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
cellular	B-COMP
PDZ	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Examination	O
of	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
PDZ	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
are	O
targets	O
of	O
viral	O
PBMs	O
reveals	O
that	O
the	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
often	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
or	O
similar	O
types	O
of	O
PDZ	O
proteins	O
,	O
most	O
notably	O
Dlg1	B-PRGE
and	O
other	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
membrane	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
guanylate	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
protein	B-CHED
family	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Scribble	O
.	O

The	O
inhibition	B-PROC
or	O
perturbation	O
of	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
PDZ	O
proteins	B-CHED
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
widely	O
used	O
strategy	O
for	O
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
enhance	O
their	O
replication	O
,	O
disseminate	O
in	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
transmit	O
to	O
new	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Public	O
health	O
measures	O
successfully	O
contained	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surgical	O
transplantation	O
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
neural	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
into	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cords	I-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
neurotropic	O
mouse	O
hepatitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
the	O
neurotropic	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
develop	O
pathological	O
and	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
similar	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
Multiple	B-DISO
Sclerosis	I-DISO
(	O
MS	O
).	O

In	O
brief	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
a	O
procedure	O
for	O
i	O
)	O
preparation	O
of	O
NSCs	O
prior	O
to	O
transplant	B-ANAT
,	O
ii	O
)	O
pre	O
-	O
operative	O
care	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
iii	O
)	O
exposure	O
of	O
the	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
via	O
laminectomy	O
,	O
iv	O
)	O
stereotactic	O
injection	O
of	O
NSCs	O
,	O
and	O
iv	O
)	O
post	O
-	O
operative	O
care	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
From	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
Hendra	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Menangle	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
Australia	O
to	O
the	O
global	O
pandemics	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
(	O
both	O
H5N1	B-DISO
and	O
H1N1	O
),	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
surge	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
virus	B-SPEC
outbreaks	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
two	O
decades	O
.	O

Only	O
6	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
schools	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
specific	O
Web	B-DISO
sites	O
had	O
information	O
for	O
parents	O
,	O
with	O
23	O
(	O
54	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
providing	O
information	O
specifically	O
for	O
faculty	O
and	O
staff	O
,	O
and	O
24	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
providing	O
information	O
specifically	O
to	O
students	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
no	O
guidelines	O
for	O
maximizing	O
the	O
access	O
to	O
and	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
online	O
pandemic	O
communications	O
at	O
institutions	O
of	O
higher	O
learning	B-PROC
.	O

1165	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
(	O
NPA	B-CHED
)	O
specimens	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
with	O
ARTI	O
between	O
September	O
2007	O
and	O
August	O
2008	O
in	O
Changsha	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU1	O
may	O
be	O
important	O
pathogens	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	O
lower	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infection	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
rate	O
between	O
the	O
boys	O
and	O
the	O
girls	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU1	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
12	O
patients	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
03	O
%)	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
1165	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
testicles	B-ANAT
and	O
venereal	O
transmission	O
.	O

We	O
first	O
assessed	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
testes	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
,	O
crystallization	O
and	O
preliminary	O
crystallographic	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
half	O
of	O
nsp2	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
support	O
previous	O
findings	O
which	O
suggest	O
that	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
in	O
serum	B-COMP
somehow	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
and	O
pseudotype	O
virus	O
entry	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
further	O
characterized	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
by	O
investigating	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
tail	I-ANAT
and	O
19	O
residues	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
RBD	O
in	O
protein	B-CHED
accumulation	O
,	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
pseudotype	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

Base	B-PRGE
-	O
pairing	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
pseudoknot	O
-	O
forming	O
stem	B-ANAT
(	O
P1	O
(	O
pk	O
))	O
is	O
mutually	O
exclusive	O
with	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
stem	B-ANAT
P0a	O
at	O
the	O
base	O
of	O
the	O
bulged	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
;	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
the	O
two	O
structures	O
cannot	O
be	O
present	O
simultaneously	O
.	O

These	O
multiple	O
-	O
spanning	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
located	O
to	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
)	O
where	O
they	O
generated	O
Atg5	O
and	O
LC3II	O
-	O
positive	O
vesicles	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
vesicle	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
was	O
dependent	O
on	O
Atg5	B-PRGE
and	O
class	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
PI3	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
.	O

Omegasomes	O
induced	O
by	O
viral	O
nsp6	O
matured	O
into	O
autophagosomes	O
that	O
delivered	O
LC3	O
to	O
lysosomes	B-COMP
and	O
therefore	O
recruited	O
and	O
recycled	O
the	O
proteins	B-CHED
needed	O
for	O
autophagosome	B-COMP
nucleation	O
,	O
expansion	O
,	O
cellular	B-COMP
trafficking	B-PROC
and	O
delivery	O
of	O
cargo	O
to	O
lysosomes	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
global	O
spread	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
is	O
facilitated	O
by	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
infected	O
humans	B-SPEC
to	O
travel	O
thousands	O
of	O
miles	O
in	O
short	O
time	O
spans	O
,	O
rapidly	O
transporting	O
pathogens	O
to	O
distant	O
locations	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
MMP9	B-PRGE
is	O
not	O
the	O
sole	B-ANAT
mediator	O
facilitating	O
parenchymal	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
entry	O
via	O
BBB	B-CHED
disruption	O
during	O
viral	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
elucidate	O
the	O
co	O
-	O
localization	B-PROC
characteristic	O
between	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
B23	O
.	O
1	O
phosphoprotein	O
.	O

The	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
successfully	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
transfected	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
B23	O
.	O
1	O
phosphoprotein	O
showed	O
co	O
-	O
localization	O
features	O
in	O
co	O
-	O
transfected	O
cells	B-COMP
through	O
confocal	O
microscopy	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
are	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
causes	O
of	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
clinical	O
utility	O
of	O
the	O
ELISA	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
patients	O
during	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
previously	O
identified	O
as	O
positive	O
by	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
whole	O
N	O
ELISA	O
were	O
screened	O
resulting	O
in	O
100	O
%	O
diagnosis	O
agreement	O
between	O
the	O
testing	O
methods	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
XendoU	B-PRGE
endoribonucleases	I-PRGE
family	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
XendoU	O
family	O
of	O
enzymes	O
includes	O
several	O
proteins	B-CHED
displaying	O
high	O
sequence	O
homology	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
occurred	O
in	O
Mexico	O
in	O
April	O
2009	O
,	O
quickly	O
spread	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
Japan	O
in	O
May	O
.	O
Many	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
experienced	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
based	O
on	O
positive	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

No	O
patient	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
having	O
a	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
2003	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
changed	O
government	O
epidemic	O
prevention	O
policies	O
and	O
marked	O
a	O
renewed	O
focus	O
on	O
preventing	O
and	O
controlling	O
communicable	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
wheezing	B-DISO
in	O
SCD	B-DISO
may	O
occur	O
independently	O
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
is	O
a	O
marker	O
of	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

To	O
develop	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
that	O
is	O
more	O
specific	O
,	O
more	O
sensitive	O
,	O
and	O
easier	O
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
serological	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
the	O
antigenic	O
sites	O
in	O
the	O
MHV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
were	O
screened	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Sixteen	O
antigenic	O
linear	O
sequences	O
in	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
found	O
using	O
antisera	O
obtained	O
from	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
naturally	O
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
array	O
containing	O
overlapping	O
10	O
-	O
mer	O
peptides	B-CHED
covering	O
the	O
entire	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

From	O
these	O
antigenic	O
sequences	O
,	O
two	O
synthesized	O
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
ILKKTTWADQTERGL	O
and	O
RFDSTLPGFETIMKVL	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
consistent	O
with	O
positions	O
24	O
-	O
38	O
and	O
357	O
-	O
372	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
protein	O
respectively	O
,	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
antigens	B-CHED
in	O
ELISA	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
least	O
understood	O
prognosticators	O
is	O
generalised	O
status	O
myoclonus	B-DISO
(	O
GSM	B-DISO
),	O
with	O
case	O
reports	O
confusing	O
GSM	B-DISO
,	O
isolated	O
myoclonic	B-DISO
jerks	I-DISO
and	O
post	O
-	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
intention	B-DISO
myoclonus	I-DISO
(	O
Lance	B-DISO
Adams	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
[	O
LAS	O
]).	O

Although	O
FE	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
other	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
represents	O
the	O
first	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
FE	O
and	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
embolism	O
in	O
nonhuman	O
primates	B-SPEC
.	O

Histopathologic	O
findings	O
from	O
cynomolgus	O
macaques	B-SPEC
(	O
Macaca	B-SPEC
fascicularis	I-SPEC
)	O
indicated	O
that	O
in	O
all	O
5	O
cases	O
,	O
fat	O
and	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
embolization	O
occurred	O
subsequent	O
to	O
multiple	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
biopsies	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
AQP1	B-PRGE
and	O
AQP5	B-PRGE
was	O
suppressed	O
by	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
E2	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
an	O
attenuation	O
of	O
lung	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
assay	O
system	O
employs	O
a	O
novel	O
dual	O
envelope	B-COMP
strategy	O
,	O
using	O
lentiviral	O
pseudovirions	O
as	O
targets	O
whose	O
entry	O
is	O
driven	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
.	O

As	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
this	O
assay	O
a	O
class	O
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
is	O
reported	O
with	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
inhibit	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
at	O
two	O
steps	O
of	O
the	O
replication	O
cycle	O
,	O
viral	O
entry	O
and	O
particle	O
assembly	O
.	O

A	O
Cesarean	O
delivery	O
was	O
performed	O
under	O
deep	O
general	B-PROC
anesthesia	I-PROC
with	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
opioid	O
administration	O
to	O
avoid	O
tachycardia	O
and	O
hypertension	B-DISO
during	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
and	O
obstetric	O
surgery	O
.	O

Delivery	O
took	O
place	O
less	O
than	O
five	O
minutes	O
after	O
induction	O
of	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
of	O
the	O
newborn	O
was	O
required	O
due	O
to	O
opioid	O
-	O
induced	O
hypoventilation	B-DISO
.	O

Bleeding	B-DISO
because	O
of	O
absent	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
various	O
coagulation	B-PROC
factors	O
and	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
,	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
failure	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
circulatory	I-DISO
failure	O
with	O
vasopressor	O
dependence	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
neurological	O
failure	O
up	O
to	O
coma	B-DISO
because	O
of	O
hepatic	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
very	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
frequently	O
result	O
from	O
the	O
initial	O
state	O
of	O
isolated	O
liver	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

High	O
urgency	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
efficient	O
therapy	O
if	O
performed	O
in	O
time	O
.	O

A	O
prospective	O
study	O
in	O
88	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
has	O
shown	O
a	O
nonsignificant	O
trend	O
in	O
improvement	O
of	O
survival	O
after	O
acute	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
by	O
multipass	O
albumin	B-PRGE
dialysis	B-SPEC
and	O
filtering	O
.	O

With	O
regional	O
citrate	B-CHED
anticoagulation	B-PROC
for	O
multipass	O
albumin	B-PRGE
dialysis	B-SPEC
and	O
filtering	O
,	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
systemic	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
-	O
a	O
potentially	O
very	O
harmful	O
measure	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
-	O
can	O
be	O
eliminated	O
and	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
filter	O
clotting	B-PROC
can	O
extremely	O
effectively	O
be	O
reduced	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
,	O
referral	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
a	O
center	O
with	O
experience	O
on	O
ECMO	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
improved	O
survival	O
rate	O
.	O

Pharmacological	O
treatments	O
such	O
as	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
and	O
intravenous	O
β2	O
agonist	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
specific	O
times	O
and	O
subsets	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

New	O
techniques	O
and	O
drugs	O
that	O
should	O
facilitate	O
prevention	O
or	O
healing	B-PROC
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
are	O
under	O
investigation	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
warrant	O
a	O
controlled	O
trial	O
of	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
versus	O
placebo	O
in	O
AML	B-DISO
FAB	O
-	O
M5	O
patients	O
with	O
noninfectious	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
summarize	O
literature	O
describing	O
use	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
(	O
NMBAs	O
)	O
for	O
common	O
critical	O
care	O
indications	O
and	O
provide	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
NMBA	O
pharmacology	O
,	O
pharmacokinetics	B-PROC
,	O
dosing	O
,	O
drug	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
,	O
monitoring	O
,	O
complications	O
,	O
and	O
reversal	O
.	O

Clinical	O
applications	O
of	O
NMBAs	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
include	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
,	O
immobilizing	O
patients	O
for	O
procedural	O
interventions	O
,	O
decreasing	O
oxygen	O
consumption	O
,	O
facilitating	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
reducing	O
intracranial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
preventing	O
shivering	O
,	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
tetanus	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
each	O
case	O
study	O
,	O
this	O
goal	O
is	O
complicated	O
by	O
limited	O
data	O
,	O
spatiotemporal	O
variability	O
in	O
pathogen	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
and	O
impact	O
,	O
and	O
often	O
,	O
insufficient	O
biological	O
understanding	O
.	O

To	O
gain	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
),	O
herein	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
microwave	O
-	O
assisted	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
novel	O
series	O
of	O
1	O
-	O
H	O
-	O
benzylindole	O
derivatives	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
l	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
selectin	I-PRGE
,	O
CXCR2	B-PRGE
and	O
C5aR	B-PRGE
was	O
partially	O
restored	O
at	O
24	O
h	O
after	O
injury	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
several	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
having	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
,	O
over	O
the	O
winter	O
period	O
of	O
2005	O
-	O
2008	O
.	O

Simultaneous	O
presence	O
of	O
two	O
or	O
three	O
viruses	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
173	O
of	O
the	O
above	O
positive	O
cases	O
,	O
21	O
%	O
of	O
which	O
included	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
collected	O
paired	O
tracheal	O
and	O
cloacal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
283	O
birds	B-SPEC
including	O
278	O
domestic	O
and	O
five	O
wild	O
birds	B-SPEC
(	O
three	O
vultures	O
,	O
one	O
sparrowhawk	O
and	O
one	O
Western	B-SPEC
Grey	I-SPEC
Plantain	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
eater	I-SPEC
)	O
in	O
the	O
Central	O
Region	O
(	O
Ouagadougou	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Western	O
Region	O
(	O
Bobo	O
-	O
Dioulasso	O
and	O
Sokoroni	O
)	O
of	O
Burkina	O
Faso	O
.	O

Total	O
RNA	O
extracted	O
from	O
samples	O
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
and	O
resulting	O
cDNA	O
amplified	O
by	O
PCR	O
using	O
specific	O
primers	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
Avian	B-SPEC
Influenza	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AIV	O
mainly	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
H5N1	B-DISO
),	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
Newcastle	O
Disease	O
Virus	O
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
)	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
Burkina	O
Faso	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
283	O
birds	B-SPEC
were	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
by	O
AIV	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
/	O
or	O
NDV	B-SPEC
in	O
our	O
study	O
areas	O
.	O

S1	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
genes	O
of	O
these	O
strains	O
were	O
sequenced	O
and	O
analyzed	O
with	O
38	O
strains	O
published	O
in	O
GenBank	O
.	O

S1	O
genes	O
of	O
these	O
isolated	O
strains	O
and	O
the	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
showed	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
homologies	O
ranging	O
from	O
65	O
.	O
2	O
to	O
82	O
%	O
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
homologies	O
ranging	O
from	O
58	O
.	O
4	O
to	O
81	O
.	O
9	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
overview	O
of	O
available	O
literature	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
protective	O
facemasks	O
by	O
children	O
for	O
protection	O
from	O
respiratory	O
infectious	O
agents	O
reveals	O
relatively	O
few	O
articles	O
dealing	O
specifically	O
with	O
the	O
topic	O
,	O
despite	O
their	O
use	O
during	O
recent	O
outbreaks	O
(	O
eg	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
).	O

Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
physiological	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
burdens	O
imposed	O
by	O
these	O
devices	O
and	O
a	O
child	O
'	O
s	O
ability	O
to	O
correctly	O
use	O
and	O
tolerate	O
them	O
.	O

In	O
turn	O
,	O
stigmatization	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
crisis	O
facilitated	O
a	O
moral	O
panic	O
of	O
sorts	B-PROC
in	O
which	O
racism	O
at	O
a	O
cultural	O
level	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
rationalized	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
a	O
rhetoric	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
globalization	O
sentiments	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
causes	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
leading	O
to	O
enormous	O
economic	O
loss	O
in	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Houttuynia	B-SPEC
cordata	I-SPEC
(	O
Saururaceae	B-SPEC
)	O
(	O
HC	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
used	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
178	O
patients	O
with	O
diffuse	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
requiring	O
MV	O
were	O
admitted	O
.	O

Lack	O
of	O
recovery	O
of	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
and	O
persistence	O
of	O
leukocytosis	B-DISO
were	O
characteristic	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
.	O

Persistence	O
of	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
acidosis	B-DISO
and	O
leukocytosis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
high	O
LDH	B-PRGE
levels	O
found	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
might	O
be	O
novel	O
prognostic	O
findings	O
.	O

The	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
202	O
out	O
of	O
605	O
field	O
samples	O
from	O
chickens	B-SPEC
with	O
various	O
clinical	O
signs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
increasing	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
risks	O
of	O
radiation	O
exposure	O
and	O
contrast	O
-	O
induced	O
nephropathy	B-DISO
(	O
CIN	B-DISO
),	O
institutional	O
guidelines	O
and	O
patient	O
consent	O
procedures	O
for	O
contrast	O
-	O
enhanced	O
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CECT	O
)	O
imaging	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
setting	O
have	O
focused	O
primarily	O
on	O
more	O
immediate	O
complications	O
,	O
directly	O
attributable	O
to	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
intravenous	O
(	O
IV	O
)	O
iodinated	O
contrast	O
administration	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Update	O
on	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
RVIs	O
are	O
increasingly	O
recognized	O
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
recipients	O
of	O
hematopoietic	B-PRGE
stem	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
transplants	B-ANAT
(	O
HSCT	O
)	O
and	O
solid	O
organ	B-ANAT
transplants	I-ANAT
(	O
SOTs	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
mortality	O
secondary	O
to	O
neonatal	O
lung	B-ANAT
failure	O
has	O
been	O
decreased	O
substantially	O
by	O
the	O
improvements	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
field	O
of	O
perinatal	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
and	O
validation	O
of	O
consensus	O
-	O
degenerate	B-DISO
hybrid	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
primers	O
for	O
broad	O
and	O
sensitive	O
detection	O
of	O
corona	O
-	O
and	O
toroviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

They	O
were	O
evaluated	O
initially	O
on	O
RNA	O
templates	O
from	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
using	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
step	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
protocol	O
that	O
was	O
further	O
advanced	O
to	O
a	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
assay	O
.	O

Operation	O
conditions	O
were	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
rate	O
150	O
ml	O
/	O
min	O
,	O
filtration	O
rate	O
1	O
,	O
500	O
ml	O
/	O
h	O
(	O
post	O
-	O
dilution	O
),	O
and	O
dialysate	O
flow	O
rate	O
300	O
-	O
500	O
ml	O
/	O
min	O
over	O
8	O
-	O
12	O
h	O
daily	O
.	O

Nerves	B-ANAT
were	O
harvested	O
for	O
morphometric	O
analysis	O
on	O
postoperative	O
day	O
18	O
after	O
an	O
SDAV	O
outbreak	O
occurred	O
that	O
affected	O
the	O
12	O
experimental	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
bound	O
to	O
lipoplexes	O
was	O
double	O
that	O
of	O
those	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
corona	B-CHED
of	O
CLs	B-DISO
(	O
208	O
vs	O
105	O
),	O
while	O
77	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
common	O
to	O
both	O
coronas	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Safe	O
transport	B-PROC
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
adult	O
patients	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
support	O
to	O
a	O
regional	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
center	O
.	O

Fourteen	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
placed	O
on	O
venovenous	O
(	O
VV	O
)	O
ECMO	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
(	O
casp8	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
extrinsic	B-PROC
apoptosis	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
mice	B-SPEC
deficient	O
in	O
casp8	B-PRGE
fail	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
die	O
in	O
utero	B-ANAT
while	O
ultimately	O
failing	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
of	O
other	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
.	O

Paradoxically	O
,	O
these	O
failures	O
are	O
not	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
defect	O
in	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
but	O
by	O
a	O
presumed	O
proliferative	B-DISO
function	O
of	O
this	O
protease	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
RIPK1	B-PRGE
-	O
containing	O
necrosis	B-PROC
inducing	O
complexes	O
(	O
necrosomes	O
)	O
is	O
sufficient	O
to	O
prevent	O
necroptosis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
of	O
death	B-PRGE
receptor	B-PROC
signaling	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
studies	O
highlight	O
the	O
""""	O
two	O
-	O
faced	O
""""	O
nature	O
of	O
casp8	B-PRGE
activity	O
,	O
promoting	O
clonal	B-DISO
expansion	I-DISO
in	O
some	O
situations	O
and	O
apoptotic	O
demise	O
in	O
others	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
from	O
Miniopterus	B-SPEC
fuliginosus	I-SPEC
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
(	O
BtCoVs	O
)	O
were	O
detected	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
from	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
of	O
Miniopterus	B-SPEC
fuliginosus	I-SPEC
breeding	B-PROC
colonies	O
in	O
Wakayama	O
Prefecture	O
caves	O
,	O
where	O
we	O
previously	O
identified	O
bat	B-PRGE
betaherpesvirus	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
BtCoV	O
is	O
endemic	O
in	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
fuliginosus	I-SPEC
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
investigations	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
revealed	O
elevations	O
in	O
dopamine	B-CHED
,	O
metanephrines	O
,	O
and	O
epinephrines	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
trazodone	B-CHED
and	O
risperidone	B-CHED
.	O

It	O
is	O
mainly	O
characterized	O
by	O
hyperthermia	B-PROC
,	O
altered	O
mental	O
state	O
,	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
dysregulation	O
,	O
elevated	O
serum	B-PRGE
creatine	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
,	O
and	O
rigors	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
the	O
exact	O
mechanisms	O
in	O
the	O
etiology	O
of	O
FHF	B-DISO
are	O
not	O
understood	O
,	O
elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
brain	B-ANAT
ammonia	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
consistently	O
reported	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
we	O
have	O
examined	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
electron	B-PROC
transport	I-PROC
chain	I-PROC
complexes	O
,	O
including	O
complex	B-COMP
I	I-COMP
,	O
II	O
,	O
III	O
IV	O
,	O
and	O
pyruvate	B-PATH
dehydrogenase	I-PATH
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
synaptic	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
cortex	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
thioacetamide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
FHF	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
also	O
suggest	O
mitochondrial	B-PROC
swelling	B-DISO
in	O
FHF	B-DISO
induced	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

Disease	O
burden	O
caused	O
by	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
was	O
quantified	O
using	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
endorsed	O
DALY	O
model	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
protection	O
were	O
maintained	O
at	O
extremely	O
low	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
very	O
severe	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
and	O
no	O
adverse	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
effects	O
were	O
observed	O
with	O
this	O
strategy	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
reveal	O
that	O
LF	O
inhibits	O
SARS	B-DISO
pseudovirus	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

LF	O
may	O
play	O
a	O
protective	O
role	O
in	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
through	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
HSPGs	O
and	O
blocking	B-DISO
the	O
preliminary	O
interaction	O
between	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
reproductive	B-PROC
risk	O
perceptions	O
voiced	O
by	O
Canadian	O
nurses	O
generally	O
were	O
consistent	O
with	O
reported	O
case	O
reports	O
of	O
pregnant	O
women	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
or	O
emerging	O
influenza	B-DISO
strains	O
.	O

We	O
calculated	O
a	O
composite	O
neurological	B-DISO
symptom	I-DISO
score	O
(	O
lowest	O
score	O
was	O
best	O
)	O
every	O
day	O
and	O
assessed	O
changes	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
immunoadsorption	O
.	O

We	O
enrolled	O
12	O
patients	O
who	O
initially	O
presented	O
with	O
enteritis	B-DISO
and	O
subsequent	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
;	O
10	O
(	O
83	O
%)	O
of	O
12	O
patients	O
needed	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
by	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
8	O
·	O
0	O
days	O
(	O
range	O
5	O
-	O
12	O
).	O

A	O
mutation	O
in	O
tRNA	B-FUNC
(	O
Lys	B-CHED
)	O
that	O
causes	O
myoclonic	B-DISO
epilepsy	I-DISO
with	O
ragged	O
-	O
red	O
fibers	O
(	O
MERRF	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
also	O
reported	O
to	O
prevent	O
modification	O
of	O
the	O
wobble	O
U	O
.	O
Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
mitochondrial	B-PROC
translation	B-PROC
is	O
unaffected	O
in	O
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
from	O
an	O
MTU1	O
patient	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
MTU1	B-PRGE
is	O
undetectable	O
by	O
immunoblotting	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
severe	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
2	O
-	O
thiolation	O
of	O
mitochondrial	B-ANAT
tRNA	B-FUNC
(	O
Lys	B-CHED
),	O
tRNA	B-FUNC
(	O
Glu	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
tRNA	B-FUNC
(	O
Gln	B-CHED
).	O

Further	O
,	O
the	O
mitochondrial	B-PROC
translation	B-PROC
deficiencies	O
present	O
in	O
myoblasts	B-ANAT
from	O
mitochondrial	B-DISO
encephalomyopathy	I-DISO
,	O
lactic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
and	O
stroke	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
episode	O
and	O
MERRF	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
defects	O
in	O
post	O
-	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
modification	O
of	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
tRNAs	O
,	O
did	O
not	O
worsen	O
following	O
knockdown	O
of	O
MTU1	B-PRGE
in	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
diseases	O
in	O
poultry	O
and	O
it	O
causes	O
major	O
economic	O
losses	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
also	O
an	O
average	O
reduction	O
of	O
37	O
%	O
in	O
air	B-CHED
exchange	O
volume	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
N95	O
respirators	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Genetic	O
background	O
may	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
.	O

α	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
Heremans	O
-	O
Schmid	O
Glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
AHSG	O
),	O
which	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
deactivation	O
by	O
endogenous	O
cations	B-CHED
,	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
inflammatory	O
regulation	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
two	O
inflammation	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
genes	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
linkage	B-PROC
disequilibrium	B-DISO
(	O
LD	O
)	O
maps	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
genes	O
were	O
built	O
with	O
Haploview	O
using	O
data	O
on	O
CHB	O
+	O
JPT	O
(	O
version	O
2	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
HapMap	O
.	O

Several	O
different	O
methods	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
neutralizing	I-PRGE
hmAbs	I-PRGE
including	O
the	O
immunization	O
of	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
,	O
cloning	O
of	O
small	O
chain	O
variable	O
regions	O
from	O
naïve	O
and	O
convalescent	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
immortalization	O
of	O
convalescent	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Prenatal	O
exposure	O
to	O
polychlorinated	O
biphenyls	B-CHED
(	O
PCB	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
related	O
toxicants	O
results	O
in	O
cognitive	O
and	O
motor	O
deficits	O
.	O

The	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analytic	O
pooled	O
risk	O
estimate	O
for	O
SIDS	B-DISO
based	O
on	O
15	O
studies	O
is	O
2	O
.	O
94	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
:	O
2	O
.	O
43	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
57	O
).	O

Serologic	O
evidence	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
Ehrlichia	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
Feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Feline	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FeLV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
detected	O
rarely	O
,	O
and	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
FeLV	B-SPEC
,	O
Ehrlichia	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
and	O
Cytauxzoon	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O
were	O
found	O
infrequently	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Changes	O
in	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
3	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
attenuation	O
in	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
dependence	B-DISO
on	I-DISO
the	O
sialic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
for	O
an	O
efficient	O
infection	B-DISO
differs	O
in	O
the	O
analyzed	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
shown	O
previously	O
that	O
replacement	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
gene	O
of	O
the	O
apathogenic	O
IBV	O
strain	O
Beau	O
-	O
R	O
with	O
that	O
from	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
strain	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
serotype	O
,	O
M41	O
,	O
resulted	O
in	O
an	O
apathogenic	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
BeauR	O
-	O
M41	O
(	O
S	O
),	O
that	O
conferred	O
protection	O
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
M41	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Community	O
-	O
acquired	O
polymicrobial	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
:	O
aetiology	O
and	O
prognosis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
frequency	O
and	O
clinical	O
significance	O
of	O
polymicrobial	O
aetiology	O
in	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	O
(	O
CAP	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
have	O
been	O
poorly	O
studied	O
.	O

The	O
prospective	O
observational	O
study	O
included	O
362	O
consecutive	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
within	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
presentation	O
;	O
196	O
(	O
54	O
%)	O
patients	O
had	O
an	O
established	O
aetiology	O
.	O

Use	O
of	O
a	O
PAC	B-DISO
during	O
CABG	O
surgery	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
mortality	O
and	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
severe	O
end	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
complications	O
in	O
this	O
propensity	O
-	O
matched	O
observational	O
study	O
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
was	O
shown	O
to	O
induce	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
arrest	I-PROC
at	O
both	O
S	O
and	O
G	O
(	O
2	O
)/	O
M	B-PROC
phases	I-PROC
for	O
the	O
enhancement	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
progeny	O
production	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
activation	O
of	O
cellular	B-PROC
DNA	B-PATH
damage	I-PATH
response	I-PATH
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
exploited	O
by	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
to	O
induce	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
arrest	I-PROC
.	O

An	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
presenting	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
99	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
ANXA2	B-PRGE
as	O
a	O
RNA	B-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
RBP	B-PRGE
)	O
that	O
binds	B-FUNC
IBV	B-SPEC
(	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
)	O
pseudoknot	O
RNA	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
the	O
selected	O
ssDNA	O
aptamer	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
alternative	O
detection	O
probe	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
and	O
sensitive	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
envelope	B-COMP
heptad	O
repeat	O
2	O
(	O
HR2	B-PRGE
)	O
plays	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
viral	O
entry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
bioisosteric	O
alternative	O
scaffold	O
of	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
aryl	O
diketoacids	O
(	O
ADKs	O
),	O
we	O
used	O
5	O
-	O
hydroxychromone	O
on	O
which	O
two	O
arylmethyloxy	O
substituents	O
were	O
installed	O
.	O

The	O
5	O
-	O
hydroxychromones	O
(	O
5b	O
-	O
5g	O
)	O
thus	O
prepared	O
showed	O
anti	O
-	O
HCV	B-SPEC
activity	O
and	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
aromatic	O
substituents	O
on	O
the	O
2	O
-	O
arylmethyloxy	O
moiety	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
derivatives	O
(	O
5b	O
-	O
5f	O
)	O
were	O
also	O
active	O
against	O
SCV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Causes	O
,	O
complications	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
severe	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
35	O
deaths	O
from	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
Transbaikal	O
region	O
(	O
autumn	O
2009	O
)	O
is	O
reported	O
.	O

Under	O
the	O
pseudo	O
-	O
steady	O
concentration	O
environment	O
,	O
facemask	O
protection	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
45	O
per	O
cent	O
,	O
while	O
under	O
expiratory	B-PROC
emissions	B-ANAT
,	O
protection	O
varied	O
from	O
33	O
to	O
100	O
per	O
cent	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
alum	O
,	O
DIV	O
vaccine	O
performed	O
poorly	O
in	O
young	O
animals	B-SPEC
challenged	O
with	O
lethal	O
homologous	O
or	O
heterologous	O
strains	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
aged	O
animals	B-SPEC
displayed	O
increased	O
eosinophilic	O
immune	O
pathology	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
were	O
not	O
protected	O
against	O
significant	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
through	O
genetic	O
screening	O
and	O
identification	O
of	O
mutations	O
shown	O
to	O
cause	O
fast	B-FUNC
channel	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Fast	B-FUNC
channel	O
syndrome	B-DISO
contrasted	O
with	O
AChR	B-PRGE
deficiency	O
in	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
crises	O
in	O
infancy	O
and	O
childhood	O
.	O

Measured	O
carboxyhemoglobin	O
levels	O
increased	O
significantly	O
with	O
higher	O
AIS	B-DISO
grade	O
.	O

After	O
adjustment	O
for	O
age	O
,	O
%	O
TBSA	O
burn	O
,	O
and	O
full	O
-	O
thickness	O
component	O
,	O
severe	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
(	O
grades	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
)	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
at	O
24	O
and	O
72	O
hours	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
ventilator	O
days	O
>	O
21	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
trend	O
toward	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
bronchoscopic	O
grading	O
of	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
moderately	O
correlates	O
with	O
early	O
indices	O
of	O
impaired	B-DISO
gas	I-DISO
exchange	I-DISO
in	O
this	O
cohort	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
promising	O
tool	O
for	O
staging	O
lower	O
airway	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

He	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
dyspnoea	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
CT	O
scan	O
showed	O
bilateral	O
,	O
diffuse	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
shadowing	O
.	O

These	O
acids	O
have	O
a	O
double	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
:	O
a	O
direct	O
toxicity	O
with	O
severe	O
inflammation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
mucosa	B-ANAT
leading	O
to	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
haemorrhage	B-DISO
and	O
subsequently	O
the	O
acid	B-CHED
anhydrides	I-CHED
may	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
of	O
intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
haemorrhage	I-DISO
and	O
anaemia	B-DISO
described	O
in	O
occupational	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
by	O
Herbert	O
in	O
Oxford	O
in	O
1979	O
.	O

It	O
manifests	O
itself	O
by	O
haemoptysis	B-DISO
and	O
intravascular	B-DISO
haemolysis	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
draw	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
extremely	O
serious	O
potential	O
consequences	O
of	O
new	O
methods	O
of	O
using	O
cannabis	B-DISO
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
""""	O
bang	O
""""	O
in	O
homemade	O
plastic	O
materials	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barre	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
acute	O
polyradidulonevritis	O
which	O
is	O
primitive	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
demyelinisant	O
.	O

The	O
prodromic	O
infectious	B-DISO
manifestations	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
54	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

Acute	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
complication	B-DISO
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
can	O
lead	O
to	O
in	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
of	O
all	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
at	O
the	O
peak	O
of	O
the	O
pH1N1	O
season	O
in	O
whom	O
a	O
single	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
by	O
a	O
molecular	O
assay	O
targeting	B-PROC
18	O
viruses	B-SPEC
/	O
subtypes	O
(	O
RVP	O
,	O
Luminex	O
xTAG	O
).	O

No	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
or	O
B	O
was	O
detected	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
hot	O
water	B-CHED
extract	O
of	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
cordata	I-SPEC
(	O
HCWE	O
)	O
inhibits	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
infection	B-DISO
through	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activation	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
treatment	O
with	O
quercetin	B-CHED
,	O
quercitrin	B-CHED
or	O
isoquercitrin	B-CHED
,	O
major	O
water	B-CHED
extractable	O
flavonoids	B-CHED
from	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
cordata	I-SPEC
,	O
significantly	O
blocked	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
together	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
cordata	I-SPEC
blocks	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
infection	B-DISO
through	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activation	O
.	O

Fourteen	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
FCoV	O
-	O
positive	O
,	O
including	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
type	O
I	O
FCoV	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
),	O
type	O
II	O
FCoV	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
),	O
and	O
types	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
).	O

The	O
prediction	O
of	O
single	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
and	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
from	O
the	O
cytokine	O
profiles	O
was	O
evaluated	O
by	O
receiver	O
operating	O
characteristic	O
analyses	O
.	O

The	O
fact	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
cytokines	O
were	O
particularly	O
elevated	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
organ	B-ANAT
failures	O
calls	O
for	O
evaluation	O
of	O
agents	O
modifying	O
the	O
severe	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
AP	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
glial	B-PRGE
glutamate	B-CHED
transporter	I-PRGE
GLT	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
glutamate	B-PROC
homeostasis	I-PROC
,	O
was	O
downregulated	O
following	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
GYKI	O
-	O
52466	O
also	O
significantly	O
restored	O
its	O
steady	O
-	O
state	O
expression	B-PROC
level	O
.	O

A	O
51	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
a	O
five	O
-	O
year	O
history	O
of	O
alcoholic	B-DISO
cirrhosis	I-DISO
was	O
admitted	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
platypnoea	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
hypoxaemia	O
requiring	O
emergency	B-DISO
tracheal	O
intubation	O
.	O

Three	O
months	O
after	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
patient	O
recovered	O
a	O
correct	O
physical	O
autonomy	O
status	O
without	O
supplemental	O
O2	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
51	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
a	O
five	O
-	O
year	O
history	O
of	O
alcoholic	B-DISO
cirrhosis	I-DISO
was	O
admitted	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
platypnoea	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
hypoxaemia	O
requiring	O
emergency	B-DISO
tracheal	O
intubation	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
cultured	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
activated	O
the	O
p38	B-FUNC
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
MAPK	B-FUNC
)	O
pathway	B-PROC
and	O
induced	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
.	O

Feedback	O
from	O
family	B-SPEC
medicine	B-CHED
and	O
public	O
health	O
educator	O
-	O
practitioners	O
regarding	O
the	O
set	O
of	O
proposed	O
""""	O
essential	O
""""	O
competencies	O
indicated	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
more	O
limited	O
,	O
feasible	O
set	O
of	O
""""	O
priority	O
""""	O
areas	O
to	O
be	O
highlighted	O
during	O
residency	O
training	O
.	O

Costimulation	O
of	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
with	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
greatly	O
enhanced	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
or	O
synthetic	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
viral	O
mimic	O
polyinosinic	O
:	O
polycytidylic	O
acid	O
-	O
induced	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
proinflammatory	O
genes	O
without	O
affecting	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
-	O
stimulated	O
or	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
stimulated	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
.	O

Knockdown	O
of	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
known	O
mediators	O
of	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
17	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
poly	I-PRGE
(	O
I	O
:	O
C	O
)	O
synergy	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
factors	O
RelA	B-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
IκB	O
kinases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
systematically	O
reviewed	O
the	O
evidence	O
for	O
an	O
association	O
between	O
male	O
circumcision	O
and	O
Human	O
Papillomavirus	O
(	O
HPV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
genital	B-DISO
warts	I-DISO
in	O
men	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
weak	O
evidence	O
that	O
circumcision	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
decreased	O
HPV	O
incidence	O
(	O
summary	O
RR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
75	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
57	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
;	O
3	O
studies	O
)	O
and	O
increased	O
HPV	O
clearance	O
(	O
summary	O
RR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
33	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
89	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
98	O
;	O
3	O
studies	O
)	O
but	O
no	O
evidence	O
of	O
an	O
association	O
with	O
prevalent	O
genital	B-DISO
warts	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
93	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
65	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
33	O
;	O
15	O
studies	O
).	O

We	O
concluded	O
that	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
production	O
by	O
Q7R	O
is	O
not	O
simply	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
general	O
action	O
as	O
an	O
antioxidants	B-CHED
and	O
is	O
highly	O
specific	O
,	O
as	O
several	O
other	O
antioxidants	B-CHED
(	O
NAC	B-COMP
,	O
PDTC	O
,	O
trolox	O
)	O
are	O
inactive	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
reports	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
accurate	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
(	O
PC	O
)	O
volume	O
measurement	O
with	O
3	O
-	O
dimensional	O
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
in	O
predicting	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
study	O
enrolled	O
all	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
PC	O
on	O
admission	O
by	O
CT	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
chest	B-ANAT
Abbreviated	O
Injury	O
Score	O
(	O
AIS	B-DISO
)	O
exceeding	O
2	O
between	O
January	O
1	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
and	O
October	O
31	O
,	O
2010	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
26	O
patients	O
(	O
43	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
21	O
(	O
35	O
.	O
0	O
%).	O

The	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
ratio	O
,	O
the	O
needed	O
maximal	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
level	O
,	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
incidence	O
between	O
the	O
severe	O
group	O
and	O
the	O
general	O
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
different	O
(	O
p	O
<.	O
05	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
RNA	O
-	O
cleaving	O
properties	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
apurinic	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
apyrimidinic	I-PRGE
endonuclease	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
APE1	B-PRGE
).	O

APE1	B-PRGE
is	O
able	O
to	O
cleave	O
CD44	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
,	O
microRNAs	O
(	O
miR	O
-	O
21	O
,	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10b	I-PRGE
),	O
and	O
three	O
RNA	O
components	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
orf1b	O
,	O
orf3	B-PRGE
,	O
spike	O
)	O
suggesting	O
that	O
,	O
when	O
challenged	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
cleave	O
any	O
RNAs	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Gross	O
vulva	B-ANAT
odema	O
complicating	O
severe	B-DISO
pre	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
eclampsia	I-DISO
/	O
eclampsia	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
case	O
series	O
.	O

A	O
clinical	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
four	O
patients	O
with	O
Pre	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
eclampsia	I-DISO
that	O
presented	O
with	O
gross	O
vulva	B-ANAT
edema	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
gross	O
vulva	B-ANAT
oedema	B-DISO
in	O
pre	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
eclampsia	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
an	O
indicator	B-CHED
of	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
and	O
or	O
deteriorating	O
fetomaternal	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
presence	O
of	O
gross	O
vulva	O
oedema	B-DISO
in	O
pre	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
eclampsia	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
an	O
indicator	B-CHED
of	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
and	O
or	O
deteriorating	O
fetomaternal	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

For	O
patients	O
with	O
H1N1	O
-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
referral	O
and	O
transfer	O
to	O
an	O
ECMO	O
center	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
lower	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
compared	O
with	O
matched	O
non	O
-	O
ECMO	O
-	O
referred	O
patients	O
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
may	O
be	O
a	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
previously	O
unexplained	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
CH	O
/	O
S	O
is	O
a	O
virulent	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
strain	O
and	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
virulent	O
strain	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
protection	O
rates	O
of	O
vaccines	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
China	O
.	O

This	O
conference	O
illuminated	O
the	O
constantly	O
evolving	O
field	O
of	O
antiviral	O
chemotherapy	O
by	O
providing	O
a	O
forum	O
to	O
present	O
and	O
discuss	O
new	O
antiviral	B-CHED
compounds	O
,	O
new	O
uses	O
for	O
old	O
compounds	O
and	O
exciting	O
clinical	O
results	O
.	O

This	O
ICAR	O
was	O
a	O
fitting	B-DISO
testament	O
to	O
the	O
'	O
father	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
chemotherapy	O
',	O
Bill	B-ANAT
Prusoff	O
,	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
aged	O
90	O
in	O
April	O
2011	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Toxic	O
epidermal	O
necrolysis	O
(	O
TEN	O
),	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Lyell	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
drug	O
reaction	O
characterized	O
by	O
extensive	O
destruction	O
of	O
the	O
epidermis	B-ANAT
and	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
epithelia	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
serious	O
chronic	O
complication	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
significant	O
opacity	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
corneal	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
,	O
causing	O
almost	O
complete	O
loss	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
vision	I-DISO
.	O

HAT	B-PRGE
cleaved	B-ANAT
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
at	O
R667	O
,	O
as	O
determined	O
by	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
and	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
,	O
and	O
activated	O
SARS	O
-	O
S	O
for	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
in	O
cis	B-DISO
and	O
trans	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
related	B-PRGE
pulmonary	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
TMPRSS2	I-PRGE
cleaved	B-ANAT
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
at	O
multiple	O
sites	O
and	O
activated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
only	O
in	O
trans	O
.	O

All	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
genomes	O
contain	O
unique	O
tandem	O
copies	O
of	O
a	O
30	O
-	O
base	O
acidic	O
tandem	O
repeat	O
of	O
unknown	O
function	O
at	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
inside	O
the	O
acidic	O
domain	O
upstream	O
of	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	O

Similar	O
to	O
other	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
infections	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
globally	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
median	O
(	O
range	O
)	O
incidence	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
(	O
0	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
%.	O

SNPs	O
and	O
deletions	O
causing	O
a	O
truncation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
3c	O
gene	O
product	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
almost	O
all	O
isolates	O
from	O
the	O
diseased	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
eight	O
cats	B-SPEC
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
most	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
all	O
fecal	B-ANAT
isolates	O
from	O
these	O
same	O
cats	B-SPEC
had	O
intact	O
3c	O
genes	O
.	O

Compartmentalization	O
of	O
the	O
parental	O
and	O
mutant	O
forms	O
was	O
not	O
absolute	O
;	O
virus	B-SPEC
of	O
lesional	O
type	O
was	O
sometimes	O
found	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
of	O
affected	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
identical	O
to	O
fecal	B-ANAT
type	O
was	O
occasionally	O
identified	O
in	O
diseased	O
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

Laboratory	O
cats	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
with	O
a	O
mixture	B-CHED
of	O
two	O
closely	O
related	O
variants	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
FIP	B-DISO
cat	B-SPEC
developed	O
disease	O
from	O
one	O
or	O
the	O
other	O
variant	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
both	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recombination	B-PROC
in	O
avian	B-SPEC
gamma	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
extent	O
of	O
the	O
recombination	B-PROC
observed	O
,	O
suggests	O
that	O
this	O
may	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
principal	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
generating	O
genetic	O
and	O
antigenic	B-PROC
diversity	I-PROC
within	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
population	O
-	O
based	O
observational	O
cohort	O
from	O
January	O
1	O
to	O
December	O
31	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
in	O
Olmsted	O
County	O
,	O
Minnesota	O
,	O
included	O
all	O
consecutive	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
adult	O
residents	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

Main	O
outcomes	O
were	O
incidence	O
of	O
critical	O
care	O
syndromes	B-DISO
,	O
life	O
-	O
support	O
interventions	O
,	O
and	O
organ	B-ANAT
failures	O
as	O
defined	O
by	O
standard	O
criteria	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
cohort	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
330	O
patients	O
(	O
91	O
%)	O
survived	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

Short	O
-	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
survival	O
decreased	O
by	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
failing	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
compared	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
performance	O
and	O
overall	O
respiratory	O
pathogen	O
detection	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
premarket	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
FilmArray	O
Respiratory	O
Panel	O
(	O
RP	O
)	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assay	O
(	O
Idaho	O
Technology	O
,	O
Inc	O
.,	O
Salt	B-CHED
Lake	B-SPEC
City	O
,	O
UT	O
)	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
Food	O
and	O
Drug	O
Administration	O
(	O
FDA	O
)-	O
cleared	O
Prodesse	O
ProFlu	O
+,	O
ProFAST	O
+,	O
ProParaflu	O
+,	O
Pro	B-CHED
hMPV	O
+,	O
and	O
ProAdeno	O
+	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
assays	O
(	O
Gen	O
-	O
Probe	O
,	O
San	O
Diego	O
,	O
CA	O
).	O

The	O
assays	O
were	O
performed	O
on	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
192	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
-	O
secretion	B-PROC
specimens	O
collected	O
from	O
81	O
children	O
under	O
1	O
year	O
of	O
age	O
with	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
symptoms	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
GBS	B-DISO
has	O
rarely	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
neurological	B-DISO
complication	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
recent	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
the	O
authors	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
seven	O
severely	O
burned	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
surfactant	B-CHED
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

Seven	O
cases	O
were	O
reviewed	O
of	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
surfactant	B-CHED
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

Four	O
patients	O
had	O
reduced	O
oxygen	O
requirements	O
following	O
surfactant	B-CHED
administration	O
(	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
):	O
0	O
.	O
66	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
23	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
48	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
025	O
).	O

Three	O
patients	O
showed	O
no	O
reduction	O
in	O
oxygen	B-CHED
requirements	O
(	O
FiO	O
(	O
2	O
):	O
0	O
.	O
95	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
09	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
90	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
0	O
).	O

We	O
used	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
apo	B-PRGE
X	I-PRGE
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
structure	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
NL63	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PLP2	I-PRGE
catalytic	I-PRGE
site	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
,	O
an	O
important	O
disease	O
that	O
produces	O
severe	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Modification	O
of	O
a	O
high	O
frequency	O
oscillator	O
circuit	O
with	O
a	O
heated	O
expiratory	B-PROC
filter	O
to	O
prevent	O
infectious	O
pathogen	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
bench	O
study	O
.	O

Filter	O
efficacy	O
was	O
tested	O
through	O
an	O
independent	O
laboratory	O
,	O
and	O
expiratory	B-PROC
resistance	B-PROC
measurements	O
were	O
taken	O
after	O
prolonged	O
use	O
with	O
humidification	O
.	O

Frequency	O
of	O
ACE	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
genotype	I-PRGE
was	O
similar	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
control	O
groups	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
18	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
polyclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
C	O
subunit	O
of	O
porcine	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
elicited	O
by	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
pAPN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
could	O
recognize	O
the	O
native	O
pAPN	O
.	O

BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
with	O
the	O
purified	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
prepare	O
MAbs	O
by	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
technique	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mannose	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
lectin	I-PRGE
(	O
MBL	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
collectin	I-PRGE
with	O
structural	O
similarities	O
to	O
C1q	B-PRGE
,	O
is	O
an	O
innate	O
pattern	O
-	O
recognition	O
molecule	O
that	O
is	O
sequestered	O
to	O
sites	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Immediately	O
before	O
the	O
transfer	O
,	O
she	O
suffered	B-DISO
two	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
episodes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
are	O
recognized	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
reported	O
that	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
human	B-SPEC
neurons	B-ANAT
activates	O
the	O
unfolded	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
response	O
and	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	O
induces	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
and	O
that	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
is	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
design	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
low	O
molecular	O
weight	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
chymotrypsin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
inhibitors	I-PRGE
are	O
described	O
.	O

A	O
substrate	O
-	O
based	O
peptide	B-CHED
aldehyde	B-CHED
was	O
selected	O
as	O
a	O
starting	O
compound	O
,	O
and	O
optimum	O
side	O
-	O
chain	O
structures	O
were	O
determined	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
comparison	O
of	O
inhibitory	O
activities	O
with	O
Michael	O
type	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Respiratory	O
rate	O
and	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
became	O
extremely	O
variable	O
,	O
varying	O
at	O
each	O
cycle	O
,	O
while	O
children	O
were	O
breathing	B-PROC
easily	O
and	O
smoothly	O
.	O

In	O
one	O
child	O
,	O
NAVA	O
facilitated	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
extensive	O
subcutaneous	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
highlight	O
the	O
feasibility	O
and	O
benefit	O
of	O
NAVA	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
severe	O
RSV	B-SPEC
-	O
related	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
.	O

NAVA	O
provides	O
a	O
less	O
aggressive	B-DISO
ventilation	O
requiring	O
lower	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressures	O
with	O
good	O
results	O
for	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
more	O
comfort	O
for	O
the	O
children	O
.	O

Each	O
mishandling	O
treatment	O
was	O
experimentally	O
applied	O
under	O
laboratory	O
conditions	O
and	O
then	O
samples	O
were	O
assayed	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
AEV	O
and	O
CAV	B-SPEC
using	O
commercial	O
ELISA	O
kits	O
.	O

Severe	O
haemolysis	B-DISO
had	O
the	O
most	O
consistent	O
detrimental	O
effect	O
on	O
ELISA	O
performance	O
,	O
producing	O
results	O
that	O
were	O
significantly	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
reference	O
standard	O
in	O
all	O
three	O
ELISAs	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
direction	O
of	O
the	O
effect	O
varied	O
(	O
less	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
IBV	O
and	O
CAV	B-SPEC
assays	O
;	O
more	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
AEV	O
assay	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
Cal99	O
variant	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
of	O
seven	O
2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
mo	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
old	I-PRGE
game	I-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
with	O
nephritis	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
IBV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
,	O
designated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
/	O
CA99variant	O
/	O
07	O
,	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
98	O
%	O
homologous	O
to	O
the	O
Cal99	O
serotype	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

SPECIAL	O
ARTICLE	O
:	O
Five	O
case	O
scenarios	O
that	O
we	O
confronted	O
at	O
the	O
pediatric	O
ward	O
of	O
the	O
field	O
hospital	O
are	O
presented	O
:	O
two	O
children	O
with	O
respiratory	O
compromise	O
due	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
one	O
premature	O
baby	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
an	O
asphyxiated	O
neonate	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
baby	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
of	O
a	O
probable	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
origin	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Post	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
H1N1	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
:	O
role	O
of	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
CT	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
five	O
percent	O
of	O
patients	O
(	O
5	O
/	O
20	O
)	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
which	O
progressed	O
to	O
predominantly	O
peripheral	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
in	O
10	O
%	O
(	O
2	O
/	O
20	O
;	O
one	O
died	B-PROC
and	O
one	O
had	O
late	O
-	O
onset	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
,	O
documented	O
on	O
day	O
68	O
).	O

SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
encodes	O
two	O
S	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
adenosyl	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
L	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
methionine	I-CHED
(	O
SAM	B-DISO
)-	O
dependent	O
methyltransferases	O
(	O
MTase	B-PRGE
)	O
which	O
sequentially	O
methylate	O
the	O
RNA	O
cap	B-DISO
at	O
guanosine	B-CHED
-	O
N7	O
and	O
ribose	B-CHED
2	O
'-	O
O	O
positions	O
,	O
catalyzed	O
by	O
nsp14	B-PRGE
N7	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
and	O
nsp16	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

A	O
unique	O
feature	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
that	O
nsp16	O
requires	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
nsp10	O
as	O
a	O
stimulatory	O
factor	O
to	O
execute	O
its	O
MTase	B-PRGE
activity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diagnostic	O
value	O
of	O
urine	B-ANAT
sTREM	O
-	O
1	O
for	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
relevant	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injuries	O
:	O
a	O
prospective	O
study	O
.	O

We	O
enrolled	O
104	O
subjects	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
:	O
16	O
cases	O
with	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
);	O
35	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
53	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

Results	O
for	O
urine	B-ANAT
sTREM	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
WBC	B-ANAT
,	O
serum	B-PRGE
CRP	I-PRGE
and	O
serum	B-COMP
PCT	B-DISO
were	O
recorded	O
on	O
days	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
10	O
,	O
and	O
14	O
.	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
urine	B-ANAT
sTREM	O
-	O
1	O
and	O
severity	O
were	O
risk	O
factors	O
related	O
to	O
AKI	B-PRGE
occurrence	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
On	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
,	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
SIRS	B-DISO
group	O
,	O
the	O
sepsis	B-DISO
group	O
exhibited	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
urine	B-ANAT
sTREM	O
-	O
1	O
and	O
Acute	O
Physiologic	O
Assessment	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
(	O
APACHE	O
II	O
)	O
scores	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

By	O
combining	O
quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
and	O
transient	O
transfection	B-PROC
system	O
,	O
a	O
simple	O
and	O
safe	O
method	O
is	O
established	O
to	O
measure	O
ORF6	O
'	O
s	O
ability	O
to	O
suppress	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
co	O
-	O
transfected	O
myc	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
nsp8	I-PRGE
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Using	O
a	O
transient	O
transfection	B-PROC
system	O
,	O
ORF6	O
'	O
s	O
ability	O
to	O
suppress	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
co	O
-	O
transfected	O
expression	B-PROC
constructs	O
was	O
measured	O
in	O
a	O
quantitative	O
manner	O
.	O

The	O
alanine	B-CHED
substitution	O
of	O
the	O
diacidic	O
cluster	O
motif	O
also	O
altered	O
the	O
subcellular	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
ORF6	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
potential	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
subcellular	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
ORF6	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
suppress	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
co	O
-	O
transfected	O
expression	B-PROC
constructs	O
.	O

The	O
indication	O
for	O
HFOV	O
was	O
severe	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
failure	O
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
<	O
120	O
mm	O
Hg	O
)	O
while	O
receiving	O
aggressive	B-DISO
CV	O
support	O
(	O
defined	O
by	O
either	O
PaO2	O
≤	O
65	O
mm	O
Hg	O
with	O
FiO2	O
≥	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
when	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressures	O
>	O
10	O
cmH2O	O
or	O
plateau	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
≥	O
35	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
).	O

Additional	O
outcome	O
measures	O
included	O
HFOV	O
successful	O
weaning	O
rate	O
,	O
cause	O
of	O
failure	O
,	O
complications	O
,	O
survival	O
rate	O
,	O
and	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
and	O
immunoprotection	O
of	O
nephropathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
southern	O
China	O
.	O

Severe	O
AH	O
appears	O
common	O
and	O
its	O
prevalence	O
varies	O
by	O
underlying	O
clinical	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp7	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
nsp8	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
unique	O
multimeric	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
capable	O
of	O
both	O
de	O
novo	O
initiation	O
and	O
primer	O
extension	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
is	O
primer	O
-	O
dependent	O
and	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
106	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kDa	I-PRGE
non	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
structural	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp12	O
),	O
whereas	O
the	O
second	O
is	O
catalysed	O
by	O
the	O
22	O
-	O
kDa	O
nsp8	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Physiologic	O
effect	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
the	O
pumpless	O
extracorporeal	O
interventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
system	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
--	O
a	O
pilot	O
study	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
physiologic	O
effect	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
the	O
iLA	O
device	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
from	O
various	O
causes	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
summarizes	O
interdisciplinary	O
current	O
knowledge	O
in	O
regard	O
to	O
virology	O
,	O
immunology	O
,	O
pathology	B-DISO
,	O
diagnostics	O
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
options	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
multicat	O
environments	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
severe	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
resulting	O
from	O
diffuse	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
secondary	O
to	O
direct	O
and	O
indirect	O
insults	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
outcome	O
was	O
death	B-PROC
before	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
and	O
within	O
90	O
days	O
of	O
study	O
enrolment	O
.	O

Secondary	O
outcomes	O
included	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
,	O
number	O
of	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
,	O
number	O
of	O
days	O
outside	O
of	O
ICU	O
,	O
number	O
of	O
days	O
without	O
organ	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
failure	O
,	O
rate	O
of	O
barotrauma	O
,	O
and	O
rate	O
of	O
ICU	O
-	O
acquired	O
paresis	B-DISO
(	O
as	O
defined	O
by	O
a	O
Medical	O
Research	O
Council	O
[	O
MRC	O
]	O
score	O
<	O
48	O
)	O
on	O
day	O
28	O
and	O
at	O
ICU	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

Pneumonia	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
complication	B-DISO
(	O
43	O
.	O
2	O
%);	O
other	O
complications	O
include	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
,	O
hemoptysis	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
.	O

Apart	O
from	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
the	O
other	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
included	O
ceftriaxone	B-CHED
,	O
cefotaxime	B-CHED
,	O
amplicillin	O
and	O
azithromycin	B-CHED
,	O
were	O
added	O
for	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
instances	O
,	O
especially	O
if	O
syringomyelia	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
,	O
an	O
abrupt	O
clinical	O
onset	O
is	O
reported	O
and	O
is	O
accompanied	O
by	O
an	O
acknowledged	O
risk	O
of	O
potentially	O
severe	O
clinical	O
signs	O
or	O
even	O
sudden	B-DISO
death	I-DISO
.	O

All	O
3	O
patients	O
showed	O
a	O
CM	O
-	O
I	O
/	O
syringomyelia	B-DISO
complex	O
at	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
had	O
a	O
good	O
neurological	O
outcome	O
after	O
surgery	O
despite	O
the	O
ominous	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
.	O

Recombinant	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
EC	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SOD	B-FUNC
(	O
rhEC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SOD	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
produced	O
from	O
a	O
synthetic	O
cassette	O
constructed	O
in	O
the	O
methylotrophic	O
yeast	B-SPEC
Pichia	B-SPEC
pastoris	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
1969	O
,	O
electron	O
microcopy	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
show	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
responsibility	O
of	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

Noroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
particularly	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
Norwalk	O
,	O
were	O
subsequently	O
discovered	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
sapovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
pestivirus	B-SPEC
,	O
astrovirus	O
,	O
enteric	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
torovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
picobirnavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quinoline	B-CHED
tricyclic	O
derivatives	O
.	O

Title	O
compounds	O
were	O
tested	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
assays	O
for	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
representative	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
genera	O
of	O
the	O
Flaviviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
,	O
that	O
is	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
(	O
Pestivirus	B-SPEC
),	O
YFV	B-SPEC
(	O
Flavivirus	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
HCV	B-SPEC
(	O
Hepacivirus	B-SPEC
).	O

In	O
enzyme	O
assays	O
,	O
1m	O
,	O
2h	O
,	O
5m	O
and	O
5n	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
potent	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
BVDV	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	B-PATH
polymerase	I-PATH
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
),	O
while	O
only	O
2h	O
also	O
inhibited	O
the	O
recombinant	O
HCV	B-SPEC
enzyme	O
.	O

The	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
exposed	O
weaknesses	B-DISO
in	O
global	O
governance	O
that	O
caused	O
uncoordinated	B-DISO
public	O
health	O
and	O
economic	O
responses	O
.	O

Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
breakdown	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
air	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
barrier	I-ANAT
,	O
with	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
proteinaceous	O
fluid	O
and	O
influx	O
of	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
into	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
airspace	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
likely	O
mediated	O
by	O
endothelial	O
dysfunction	O
and	O
disruption	O
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
barrier	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
suggest	O
that	O
hospital	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
research	O
in	O
China	O
should	O
make	O
efforts	O
to	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
establish	O
a	O
universally	O
accepted	O
theory	O
framework	O
and	O
terminology	O
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
create	O
a	O
structure	O
for	O
further	O
studies	O
,	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
integrate	O
research	O
of	O
different	O
disciplines	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
avoid	O
or	O
minimise	O
confusion	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
chart	O
review	O
was	O
conducted	O
on	O
the	O
medical	O
records	O
of	O
400	O
intensive	O
care	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
three	O
months	O
before	O
and	O
during	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
rate	O
of	O
HAIs	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
period	O
than	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
period	O
.	O

Several	O
lymphocyte	O
subsets	O
vary	O
naturally	O
with	O
aging	B-PROC
,	O
so	O
the	O
interpretation	O
of	O
results	O
using	O
animals	B-SPEC
of	O
different	O
age	O
ranges	O
must	O
proceed	O
with	O
care	O
.	O

Nearly	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
to	O
one	O
-	O
half	O
of	O
these	O
cases	O
may	O
be	O
infectious	B-DISO
in	O
origin	O
.	O

Specific	O
recommendations	O
are	O
made	O
regarding	O
ventilator	O
capacity	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
potential	O
use	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
likely	O
stems	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
Staphylococcal	O
enterotoxins	O
to	O
elicit	O
powerful	O
episodes	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
stimulation	O
resulting	O
in	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
and	O
to	O
some	O
extent	O
malaria	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
other	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
Plasmodia	O
can	O
quickly	O
lead	O
to	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
determinants	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
in	O
young	O
and	O
aged	O
mouse	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
.	O

Since	O
young	O
and	O
aged	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
do	O
not	O
develop	O
severe	O
clinical	O
disease	O
following	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
-	O
adapted	O
strain	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
called	O
MA15	O
)	O
was	O
developed	O
and	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
cause	O
lethal	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
these	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
compounds	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
antiparasitic	O
activities	O
against	O
Leishmania	B-SPEC
major	I-SPEC
and	O
Trypanosoma	B-SPEC
brucei	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
for	O
protease	O
inhibition	B-PROC
against	O
several	O
cysteine	B-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
such	O
as	O
falcipain	O
,	O
rhodesain	O
,	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
,	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
viral	B-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
),	I-PRGE
and	O
PL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
presenting	O
manifestation	O
in	O
young	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
H1N1	O
influenza	O
virus	O
.	O

Prone	O
positioning	O
may	O
also	O
minimize	O
secondary	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
induced	O
by	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
although	O
this	O
benefit	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
investigated	O
as	O
extensively	O
,	O
despite	O
its	O
potential	O
.	O

Chickens	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
challenged	O
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
or	O
CPM	O
had	O
a	O
lower	O
ileal	B-ANAT
CP	O
digestibility	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Only	O
5	O
clusters	B-CHED
were	O
identified	O
at	O
42	O
d	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

The	O
ERIC	O
-	O
PCR	O
fingerprints	O
of	O
the	O
microbial	O
flora	O
of	O
the	O
cecal	B-ANAT
contents	O
revealed	O
the	O
potential	O
effects	O
of	O
immune	O
stress	O
on	O
the	O
microbial	O
populations	O
of	O
treated	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
experienced	O
large	O
joint	B-ANAT
arthralgia	B-DISO
,	O
although	O
this	O
was	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
part	O
,	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
any	O
abnormality	O
on	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
.	O

Prevalence	O
of	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
steroids	B-CHED
ranged	O
from	O
5	O
%	O
to	O
58	O
%.	O

Osteonecrosis	B-DISO
risk	O
was	O
<	O
1	O
%	O
in	O
patients	O
receiving	O
<	O
3	O
g	O
and	O
13	O
%	O
in	O
patients	O
receiving	O
>	O
3	O
g	O
cumulative	O
prednisolone	O
-	O
equivalent	O
dose	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
acute	O
onset	O
of	O
significant	O
hypoxaemia	O
(	O
PaO2	O
:	O
FiO2	O
<	O
200mmHg	O
)	O
with	O
diffuse	O
bilateral	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
air	B-CHED
-	O
space	O
shadowing	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
,	O
without	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
Bernard	O
et	O
al	O
,	O
1994	O
).	O

We	O
observed	O
differential	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
over	O
200	O
small	O
RNAs	O
of	O
diverse	O
classes	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

An	O
integrative	O
sequencing	O
analysis	O
of	O
both	O
small	O
RNAs	O
and	O
long	O
transcripts	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
samples	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
results	O
revealing	O
differential	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
miRNAs	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
largely	O
due	O
to	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
and	O
that	O
the	O
predicted	O
miRNA	O
-	O
mRNA	B-CHED
network	O
could	O
modulate	O
global	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
combinatorial	O
fashion	O
.	O

Most	O
studies	O
examining	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
transcriptional	B-PROC
response	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
focus	O
only	O
on	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
coding	O
genes	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
also	O
altered	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
many	O
short	O
ncRNAs	O
of	O
diverse	O
classes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
after	O
gastrointestinal	O
surgery	O
.	O

Management	O
of	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
difficult	O
and	O
effective	O
therapies	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
established	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
15	O
patients	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
after	O
gastrointestinal	O
operations	O
performed	O
in	O
our	O
institution	O
.	O

Longitudinal	O
fluctuation	B-DISO
in	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
after	O
starting	O
treatment	O
appears	O
to	O
offer	O
a	O
prognostic	O
factor	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
CCoV	O
-	O
II	O
induces	O
a	O
remarkable	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
expression	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	O
related	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
-	O
inducing	O
ligand	B-PROC
(	O
TRAIL	O
),	O
while	O
we	O
observed	O
a	O
slight	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
FasL	B-PRGE
/	O
Fas	B-DISO
at	O
36	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
increased	O
both	O
bax	B-PRGE
translocation	B-DISO
into	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
and	O
decreased	O
bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
cytosol	B-COMP
in	O
a	O
time	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
FOXO	B-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
factors	I-PRGE
mediate	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
apoptotic	O
effects	O
of	O
CCoV	O
-	O
II	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
due	O
to	O
activation	O
of	O
extrinsic	B-PROC
apoptosis	I-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
while	O
some	O
Sirtuin	B-PRGE
family	I-PRGE
members	I-PRGE
(	O
such	O
as	O
SIRT3	B-PRGE
and	O
SIRT4	B-PRGE
)	O
may	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
intrinsic	B-PROC
apoptotic	I-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
one	O
sheep	B-SPEC
(	O
37	O
±	O
2	O
kg	O
)	O
were	O
operatively	O
prepared	O
and	O
randomly	O
allocated	O
to	O
either	O
the	O
sham	O
,	O
control	O
,	O
or	O
treatment	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
7	O
each	O
).	O

The	O
animals	O
were	O
fluid	O
resuscitated	O
with	O
Ringer	O
'	O
s	O
lactate	B-CHED
to	O
maintain	O
hematocrit	O
at	O
baseline	O
.	O

Fluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
staining	O
indicated	O
that	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
could	O
readily	O
infect	O
AMs	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
no	O
evidence	O
was	O
found	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
differentiated	B-PROC
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
type	O
II	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
only	O
a	O
very	O
low	O
level	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
type	O
II	O
cells	B-COMP
transitioning	O
to	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
cell	B-COMP
phenotype	O
.	O

AMs	B-DISO
secreted	B-PROC
significant	O
amounts	O
of	O
tumour	B-DISO
necrosis	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
),	O
regulated	O
on	O
activation	O
normal	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
secreted	B-PROC
(	O
RANTES	B-PRGE
/	O
CCL5	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
macrophage	B-PRGE
inflammatory	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
1β	I-PRGE
(	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
/	O
CCL4	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
exhibited	O
no	O
detectable	O
increase	O
in	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
or	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
29	I-PRGE
in	O
mRNA	B-CHED
levels	O
.	O

AMs	B-DISO
from	O
smokers	O
had	O
reduced	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
compared	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
smokers	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
thoracic	B-DISO
CT	O
findings	O
in	O
pandemic	O
H1N1	O
were	O
patchy	O
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
lobar	O
consolidation	O
,	O
and	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
with	O
airbronchogram	O
and	O
bilateral	O
distribution	O
.	O

Only	O
one	O
patient	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
showed	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
,	O
predominant	O
radiographic	O
finding	O
in	O
the	O
previous	O
reports	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

There	O
was	O
neither	O
a	O
difference	O
in	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
(	O
day	O
7	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
892	O
),	O
in	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
effusion	B-DISO
(	O
day	O
7	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
710	O
),	O
the	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
)	O
concentration	O
(	O
day	O
7	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
355	O
),	O
nor	O
in	O
any	O
other	O
variable	O
investigated	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
complete	O
blood	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
small	O
animal	B-SPEC
biochemistry	O
profile	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comprehensive	O
systematic	O
review	O
of	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
'	O
perceptions	O
of	O
risk	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
coping	O
strategies	O
towards	O
emerging	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
'	O
perceptions	O
of	O
risk	O
from	O
exposure	O
to	O
emerging	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
perceived	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
strategies	O
used	O
to	O
facilitate	O
healthy	O
coping	O
in	O
acute	O
hospital	O
and	O
community	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
focuses	O
primarily	O
on	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
emerged	O
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
2002	O
,	O
causing	O
a	O
worldwide	O
epidemic	O
with	O
severe	O
morbidity	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
older	O
individuals	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
can	O
affect	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
cause	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
pandemic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
head	B-ANAT
the	O
list	O
,	O
with	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
H5N1	B-DISO
and	O
H1N1	O
2009	O
being	O
the	O
most	O
recently	O
identified	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
young	O
children	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
and	O
asymptomatic	O
controls	O
.	O

From	O
December	O
2003	O
to	O
April	O
2004	O
and	O
October	O
2004	O
to	O
April	O
2005	O
,	O
we	O
conducted	O
prospective	O
,	O
population	O
-	O
based	O
surveillance	O
of	O
children	O
<	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
ARI	B-CHED
/	O
fever	B-PROC
in	O
3	O
US	O
counties	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
HCoV	O
or	O
individual	O
species	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
significantly	O
higher	O
among	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
than	O
controls	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Antibody	B-COMP
repertoires	O
for	O
library	O
construction	O
are	O
conventionally	O
harvested	O
from	O
mRNAs	O
of	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Varicella	B-DISO
zoster	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
relapsing	B-DISO
remitting	I-DISO
multiple	I-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

From	O
April	O
2002	O
to	O
February	O
2011	O
,	O
14	O
patients	O
aged	O
19	O
days	O
to	O
20	O
years	O
old	O
(	O
average	O
44	O
months	O
),	O
with	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
kg	O
to	O
71	O
kg	O
(	O
median	O
14	O
.	O
1	O
kg	O
),	O
underwent	O
ECMO	O
support	O
for	O
failing	O
cardiac	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
and	O
low	B-DISO
cardiac	I-DISO
output	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
one	O
patient	O
,	O
ECMO	O
was	O
introduced	O
after	O
partial	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
resection	O
for	O
congenital	B-DISO
cystic	I-DISO
adenomatoid	I-DISO
malformation	I-DISO
because	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
ECMO	O
circuit	O
,	O
including	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
(	O
activated	O
clotting	B-PROC
time	O
:	O
150	O
-	O
250	O
),	O
was	O
conducted	O
following	O
the	O
institutional	O
practice	O
guidelines	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
difficult	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
bleeding	B-DISO
.	O

Fifty	O
-	O
three	O
wasted	B-DISO
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
seven	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
postmortem	O
examined	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Age	O
-	O
related	O
increases	O
in	O
PGD	B-CHED
(	O
2	O
)	O
expression	B-PROC
impair	O
respiratory	O
DC	O
migration	B-PROC
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
diminished	O
T	O
cell	O
responses	O
upon	O
respiratory	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
robust	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
also	O
requires	O
respiratory	O
DCs	B-DISO
(	O
rDCs	O
),	O
which	O
must	O
process	O
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
migrate	O
to	O
draining	O
LNs	B-DISO
(	O
DLNs	O
),	O
and	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
age	O
-	O
related	O
defects	O
in	O
these	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
extrinsic	O
functions	O
.	O

Decision	O
support	O
systems	O
(	O
DSS	B-DISO
)	O
may	O
support	O
clinicians	O
in	O
finding	O
the	O
correct	O
balance	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
DSS	B-DISO
was	O
retrospectively	O
evaluated	O
in	O
16	O
intensive	O
care	O
patient	O
cases	O
,	O
with	O
physiological	O
models	O
fitted	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
retrospective	O
data	O
and	O
then	O
used	O
to	O
simulate	O
patient	O
response	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
therapy	O
.	O

Changes	O
in	O
advice	O
with	O
CO	O
variation	O
of	O
about	O
20	O
%	O
were	O
negligible	O
except	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
high	O
oxygen	B-CHED
consumption	O
.	O

India	O
'	O
s	O
pandemic	O
plan	B-DISO
suffers	B-DISO
from	O
a	O
glaring	O
omission	O
in	O
this	O
aspect	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
survey	O
response	O
rate	O
was	O
relatively	O
low	O
,	O
some	O
clues	O
for	O
further	O
study	O
were	O
discovered	O
,	O
and	O
suggestions	O
to	O
the	O
health	O
authority	O
for	O
hospital	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
improvement	O
were	O
revealed	O
.	O

Clinically	O
,	O
DS	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
weight	O
gain	O
,	O
fever	B-PROC
not	O
attributable	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
involvement	O
,	O
hypotension	O
,	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

At	O
the	O
histological	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
extensive	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
and	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltration	I-DISO
by	O
maturing	O
myeloid	O
cells	B-ANAT
,	I-ANAT
endothelial	I-ANAT
cell	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
,	O
intra	O
-	O
alveolar	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
inter	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
fibrinous	O
exsudates	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
measure	O
healthcare	O
utilization	O
patterns	O
in	O
Guatemala	O
to	O
inform	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
a	O
sentinel	O
surveillance	O
system	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
allow	O
estimation	O
of	O
disease	O
burden	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potential	O
clinical	O
application	O
of	O
KGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
FGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
)	O
for	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Dysfunction	O
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
and	O
epithelial	O
barriers	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
mechanisms	O
in	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
examination	O
at	O
rest	B-FUNC
,	O
all	O
subjects	O
performed	O
a	O
maximal	O
cycling	O
exercise	O
test	O
.	O

These	O
abnormalities	O
are	O
not	O
exclusively	O
seen	O
in	O
habitual	O
users	O
or	O
cases	O
of	O
overdose	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
sometimes	O
cause	O
confusion	B-DISO
as	O
to	O
the	O
underlying	O
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

During	O
this	O
re	O
-	O
cloning	O
,	O
we	O
obtained	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
Mu	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
Mu	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
Br	O
-	O
1	O
which	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
brain	B-ANAT
infected	O
with	O
srr7	O
(	O
Mix	B-PRGE
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
cases	O
of	O
hypoxia	O
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
supplied	O
via	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
methods	O
including	O
face	B-DISO
masks	O
,	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannulae	O
,	O
hyperoxygenated	O
oxygen	B-CHED
chambers	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Treatment	O
was	O
changed	O
to	O
veno	O
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
third	O
day	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
paper	O
summarizes	O
results	O
obtained	O
by	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
screening	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
clinical	O
samples	O
for	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
corresponding	O
data	O
obtained	O
after	O
passaging	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
samples	O
in	O
MDCK	O
33016PF	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
,	O
under	O
practical	O
conditions	O
as	O
applied	O
to	O
grow	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
contaminating	O
viruses	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
effectively	O
removed	O
by	O
passages	O
in	O
MDCK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
compound	O
1	O
also	O
shows	O
high	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
activity	O
at	O
an	O
EC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
of	O
7	O
.	O
08μM	O
and	O
toxicity	O
with	O
a	O
CC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
of	O
118	O
.	O
6μM	O
against	O
MDCK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

MassTag	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
reaction	O
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
groups	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
229E	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
OC43	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
4a	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
Haemophilus	B-SPEC
influenzae	I-SPEC
,	O
Neisseria	B-SPEC
meningitidis	I-SPEC
,	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
was	O
done	O
on	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
Lc	O
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
as	O
molecular	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
or	O
immunoenhancer	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
effectively	O
facilitate	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
by	O
Lc	O
-	O
expressing	O
S1	O
region	O
.	O

Cell	B-PRGE
adhesion	B-DISO
molecules	I-PRGE
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
at	O
higher	O
levels	O
in	O
FXR	B-PRGE
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
as	O
compared	O
with	O
control	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Approximately	O
81	O
%	O
of	O
investigations	O
were	O
responses	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
investigations	O
related	O
to	O
chronic	O
and	O
other	O
noninfectious	O
conditions	O
increased	O
7	O
-	O
fold	O
(	O
6	O
%-	O
45	O
%).	O

Indirect	O
methods	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
quantify	O
inflammation	O
in	O
correlation	O
with	O
a	O
bacterial	O
or	O
not	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
received	O
a	O
single	O
dose	O
of	O
the	O
MF59	O
-	O
adjuvanted	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccine	O
(	O
Fluad	O
,	O
Siena	O
,	O
Italy	O
).	O

The	O
analysis	O
of	O
cytopathic	O
effects	O
(	O
CPE	O
)	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
shN2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
shN2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
were	O
capable	O
of	O
protecting	O
cells	B-COMP
against	O
PHEV	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
high	O
specificity	O
and	O
efficiency	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protein	B-CHED
catabolism	I-PROC
and	O
requirements	O
in	O
severe	O
illness	O
.	O

Nutritional	O
support	O
limits	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
stop	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
total	O
body	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
mass	O
occurring	O
in	O
acute	O
severe	O
illness	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
protein	B-CHED
intakes	O
between	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
g	O
/	O
kg	O
body	O
weight	O
/	O
day	O
with	O
neutral	O
energy	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
minimize	O
total	O
body	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
mass	O
loss	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Contemporary	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
adult	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
:	O
life	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
era	O
.	O

After	O
approval	O
by	O
the	O
Institutional	O
Review	O
Board	O
,	O
40	O
severely	O
brain	B-ANAT
-	O
injured	O
patients	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

On	O
cessation	O
of	O
midazolam	O
infusion	O
,	O
patients	O
were	O
given	O
clorazepate	B-CHED
for	O
3	O
days	O
.	O

Of	O
40	O
patients	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
10	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
require	O
buprenorphine	B-CHED
.	O

An	O
agitation	B-DISO
occurred	O
5	O
hours	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
21	O
)	O
after	O
cessation	O
of	O
opioid	O
,	O
associated	O
with	O
tachycardia	O
,	O
arterial	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
tachypnea	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
also	O
highlights	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
still	O
very	O
virulent	O
and	O
will	O
pose	O
a	O
major	O
annual	O
health	O
risk	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
for	O
at	O
least	O
the	O
next	O
few	O
years	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
and	O
inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
iNO	O
)	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
decreased	O
mortality	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
use	O
.	O

Induction	O
of	O
the	O
slow	O
-	O
growth	B-PROC
phenotype	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
take	O
place	O
over	O
a	O
60	O
-	O
hour	O
time	O
course	O
,	O
providing	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
conducting	B-PROC
a	O
screen	O
for	O
small	O
molecules	O
that	O
restore	O
growth	B-PROC
by	O
inhibiting	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
PLP	B-PRGE
.	O

One	O
of	O
these	O
,	O
NSC158362	O
,	O
potently	O
inhibited	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
without	O
toxic	O
effects	O
on	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
it	O
specifically	O
inhibited	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
but	O
not	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
torovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
BToV	O
)	O
is	O
recognized	O
as	O
an	O
enteric	O
pathogen	O
of	O
calves	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
etiological	O
role	O
in	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
epidemiological	O
characterization	O
in	O
adult	O
cows	B-SPEC
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

Nucleotide	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
BToV	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
,	O
spike	O
,	O
and	O
hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
(	O
HE	O
)	O
genes	O
revealed	O
a	O
close	O
relatedness	O
among	O
the	O
detected	O
BToV	O
strains	O
from	O
each	O
outbreak	O
and	O
those	O
of	O
Japanese	O
BToV	O
strain	O
Aichi	O
/	O
2004	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
this	O
isolate	O
and	O
Aichi	O
/	O
2004	O
indicated	O
that	O
both	O
strains	O
have	O
truncated	O
HE	O
genes	O
with	O
deletions	O
in	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
region	O
that	O
occurred	O
through	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
-	O
adaptation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
short	O
projections	O
that	O
are	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
formed	O
by	O
the	O
HE	O
protein	B-CHED
on	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
were	O
not	O
observed	O
in	O
these	O
cultured	O
strains	O
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

Despite	O
being	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
predominant	O
IB	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
serotype	O
in	O
several	O
European	O
countries	O
,	O
slightly	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
Italy	O
02	O
serotype	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
new	O
data	O
about	O
IBV	B-SPEC
pathogenesis	B-DISO
essential	O
in	O
field	O
control	O
is	O
afforded	O
.	O

The	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
RNA	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
template	O
mRNAs	O
exhibited	O
no	O
apparent	O
preference	O
for	O
a	O
specific	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
at	O
the	O
RNA	O
cleavage	B-PROC
sites	O
.	O

RSV	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
main	O
pathogen	O
of	O
ARI	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
new	O
-	O
found	O
virus	B-SPEC
MPV	B-SPEC
was	O
also	O
another	O
crucial	O
pathogen	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
rate	O
of	O
HPIV	O
and	O
HRV	O
showed	O
no	O
obvious	O
seasonal	O
features	O
;	O
while	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
FluA	O
,	O
FluB	O
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
ADV	O
,	O
MPV	B-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	O
changed	O
significantly	O
in	O
different	O
seasons	O
.	O
22	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
227	O
/	O
1024	O
)	O
ARI	B-CHED
patients	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
other	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O
90	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
163	O
/	O
181	O
)	O
FluA	O
patients	O
,	O
88	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
88	O
/	O
99	O
)	O
FluB	O
patients	O
and	O
92	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
51	O
/	O
55	O
)	O
ADV	O
patients	O
had	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
symptoms	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
consequence	O
attenuated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
mutations	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
virulence	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
will	O
differ	O
between	O
vaccines	O
affecting	O
virulence	B-PROC
and	O
/	O
or	O
immunogenicity	O
and	O
can	O
revert	O
to	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
new	O
generation	O
of	O
vaccines	O
is	O
called	O
for	O
and	O
one	O
means	O
of	O
controlling	O
IBV	B-SPEC
involves	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
and	O
safer	O
vaccines	O
by	O
precisely	O
modifying	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
using	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
for	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
rationally	O
attenuated	O
IBVs	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
obtain	O
an	O
optimum	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
loss	O
of	O
virulence	B-PROC
and	O
capacity	O
to	O
induce	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
emergent	O
coronaviruses	O
:	O
viral	O
determinants	O
of	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
dependence	B-DISO
of	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
on	O
co	O
-	O
opted	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transfer	O
of	O
severely	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
patients	O
is	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
procedure	O
.	O

New	B-PRGE
cluster	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
represented	O
recombinants	O
between	O
Korean	O
nephropathogenic	O
strain	O
KM91	O
and	O
the	O
QXIBV	O
strain	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
appearance	O
of	O
eight	O
new	O
respiratory	O
viruses	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
2003	O
and	O
swine	B-SPEC
-	O
origin	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
in	O
2009	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
nine	O
years	O
has	O
tested	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
virology	O
laboratories	O
to	O
develop	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
to	O
identify	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
resistance	B-PROC
assays	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
viral	O
load	O
assays	O
,	O
will	O
enable	O
clinical	O
laboratories	O
to	O
provide	O
physicians	O
with	O
new	O
and	O
important	O
information	O
for	O
optimal	O
treatment	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Dr	O
.	O
Yin	O
started	O
his	O
research	O
on	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
prevention	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
.	O

Led	O
by	O
Dr	O
.	O
Yin	O
,	O
Sinovac	O
successfully	O
developed	O
the	O
vaccine	O
prducts	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
H1N1	O
,	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
and	O
B	O
and	O
infleunza	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
Sinovac	O
is	O
working	O
on	O
the	O
R	O
&	O
D	O
of	O
EV71	O
vaccine	O
against	O
hand	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
foot	I-DISO
and	I-DISO
mouth	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
pneumococcal	O
conjugate	O
vaccine	O
.	O

The	O
encouraging	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
efficacy	O
and	O
economic	O
assessment	O
of	O
conventional	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
versus	O
ECMO	O
for	O
severe	O
adult	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
CESAR	O
)	O
trial	O
performed	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
and	O
good	O
outcomes	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
ECMO	O
as	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
during	O
the	O
recent	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
pandemic	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
latest	O
generation	O
of	O
ECMO	O
technology	O
was	O
used	O
,	O
reignited	O
interest	O
in	O
ECMO	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Frequencies	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
are	O
only	O
known	O
for	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
seroconversion	O
was	O
absent	O
after	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
masks	O
and	O
respirators	O
to	O
prevent	O
transmission	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
scientific	O
evidence	O
.	O

A	O
systematic	O
review	O
was	O
undertaken	O
to	O
help	O
inform	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
guidance	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
.	O

From	O
a	O
compendium	O
of	O
12	O
studies	O
that	O
included	O
responses	O
to	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
subtype	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
reconstructed	O
1918	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
used	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
to	O
derive	O
multiple	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
signatures	O
.	O

Highly	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
elicit	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
key	O
genes	O
as	O
lower	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
but	O
to	O
a	O
higher	O
degree	O
.	O

After	O
the	O
Hajj	O
,	O
participants	O
reported	O
high	O
rates	O
of	O
maintaining	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
(	O
98	O
%),	O
cough	O
etiquette	O
(	O
89	O
%),	O
and	O
wearing	O
a	O
face	B-DISO
mask	O
(	O
90	O
%).	O

Since	O
no	O
specific	O
pharmacologic	O
intervention	O
exists	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
our	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
treatment	O
with	O
ergothioneine	B-CHED
-	O
a	O
safe	O
agent	O
with	O
multiple	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
antioxidant	B-CHED
properties	O
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
insufflated	O
with	O
cytokines	O
found	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
lavages	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
Sprague	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Dawley	I-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
(	O
3	O
-	O
10	O
/	O
group	O
)	O
were	O
given	O
15	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
or	O
150	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
l	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
ergothioneine	I-CHED
intravenously	O
1h	O
before	O
or	O
18	O
h	O
after	O
cytokine	O
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1	I-FUNC
and	O
IFNγ	O
)	O
insufflation	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
lavage	O
LDH	B-PRGE
levels	O
)	O
and	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
(	O
lavage	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
numbers	O
)	O
were	O
measured	O
24h	O
after	O
cytokine	O
insufflation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Overview	O
of	O
plant	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
vaccine	O
antigens	B-CHED
:	O
Dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
these	O
issues	O
were	O
addressed	O
by	O
showing	O
a	O
very	O
good	O
response	O
to	O
inducing	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
by	O
plant	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
dengue	B-DISO
vaccine	O
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
indicates	O
the	O
feasibility	O
of	O
using	O
plant	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
vaccine	O
antigens	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
low	O
-	O
cost	O
method	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
dengue	B-DISO
and	O
other	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

CD4	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
depletion	O
subsequent	O
to	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	O
CNS	B-CHED
migration	B-PROC
restored	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	O
activity	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
control	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
also	O
increase	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
structures	O
and	O
functions	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
S1	O
domains	O
whose	O
tertiary	O
structures	O
are	O
currently	O
unknown	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spatial	O
dynamics	O
of	O
airborne	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
IgA	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG2	B-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
and	O
SLE	B-DISO
was	O
made	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
severe	O
proteinuria	O
,	O
hematuria	O
,	O
hypocomplementemia	B-DISO
,	O
high	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DNA	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
and	O
antinuclear	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
ANA	O
)	O
titers	O
,	O
and	O
malar	B-ANAT
rash	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
these	O
clinical	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
laboratory	O
features	O
disappeared	O
after	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
pulse	B-PROC
therapy	O
and	O
prednisolone	B-CHED
.	O

Lesions	O
indicative	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
pig	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
at	O
slaughter	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
pleuritis	B-DISO
are	O
frequently	O
recorded	O
to	O
assess	O
herd	O
health	O
or	O
provide	O
data	O
for	O
epidemiological	O
studies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
investigated	O
bovine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
both	O
beef	O
calves	O
direct	O
from	O
the	O
ranch	O
and	O
commingled	O
,	O
mixed	O
-	O
source	O
calves	O
obtained	O
from	O
an	O
auction	O
market	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Contribution	O
of	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
fulminant	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
)-	O
α	O
,	O
plenty	O
of	O
keratinocyte	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
chemokines	O
(	O
KC	O
),	O
macrophage	B-PRGE
inflammatory	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
2	I-PRGE
(	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
),	O
regulated	O
on	O
activation	O
normal	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
secreted	B-PROC
(	O
RANTES	O
),	O
and	O
monocyte	B-PRGE
chemotactic	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
1	I-PRGE
(	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
released	O
into	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
BALF	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
model	O
.	O

MPO	B-FUNC
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
also	O
suppressed	O
viral	O
load	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
suggests	O
that	O
MPO	B-FUNC
-	O
mediated	O
OCl	B-CHED
(-)	O
generation	O
affects	O
claudin	O
molecules	O
and	O
leads	O
to	O
protein	B-CHED
leakage	B-DISO
and	O
viral	O
spread	O
as	O
a	O
damage	O
factor	O
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
x	O
-	O
rays	B-SPEC
with	O
suggestive	O
signs	O
,	O
and	O
receiving	O
supplemental	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
were	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
(>	O
95	O
%),	O
while	O
elevated	O
hematocrit	O
was	O
highly	O
specific	O
(	O
83	O
%)	O
in	O
detecting	O
HPS	B-DISO
.	O

Combining	O
increased	O
EVLW	O
and	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ALI	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
or	O
sLI	B-PRGE
increases	O
the	O
posttest	O
odds	O
of	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
.	O

EVLW	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
degree	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
index	O
used	O
,	O
confirming	O
that	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
bedside	O
indicator	B-CHED
of	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
EVLW	O
as	O
a	O
bedside	O
test	O
conferred	O
added	O
diagnostic	O
value	O
for	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
course	O
of	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
fatal	O
in	O
rare	O
cases	O
of	O
leukemic	O
children	O
receiving	O
chemotherapy	O
.	O

We	O
discussed	O
the	O
potential	O
advantages	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
as	O
the	O
main	O
support	O
in	O
this	O
particular	O
clinical	O
setting	O
.	O

Pyruvate	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
liver	B-ANAT
)	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
in	O
this	O
experiment	O
.	O

PK	B-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
in	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
is	O
known	O
to	O
result	O
in	O
human	O
hereditary	O
non	O
-	O
spherocytic	B-DISO
hemolytic	I-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
three	O
immunizations	O
,	O
rS1	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
induced	O
40	O
%	O
protection	O
,	O
while	O
vaccination	O
with	O
rN	O
provided	O
no	O
protection	O
.	O

Vaccination	O
with	O
H120	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
rS1	O
,	O
induced	O
HI	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
production	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
recombinant	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
administered	O
through	O
the	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
route	O
can	O
evoke	O
an	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
without	O
the	O
assistance	O
of	O
a	O
vector	O
.	O

Non	O
-	O
aerated	O
parenchyma	B-ANAT
decreased	O
significantly	O
from	O
53	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
(	O
IQR	O
):	O
42	O
.	O
5	O
to	O
62	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
to	O
12	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
IQR	O
:	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
to	O
24	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
after	O
MRS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
germline	O
antibody	B-COMP
libraries	O
from	O
human	B-SPEC
umbilical	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
and	O
selection	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	O
to	O
viral	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
glycoproteins	B-CHED
:	O
Implications	O
for	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
immune	B-PROC
evasion	I-PROC
and	O
design	O
of	O
vaccine	O
immunogens	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
advances	O
and	O
clinical	O
applications	O
of	O
adjunctive	O
techniques	O
in	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
their	O
overall	O
impact	O
on	O
mortality	O
and	O
their	O
potential	O
indications	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enveloped	O
virus	B-SPEC
but	O
not	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
block	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
13	I-FUNC
responses	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
cord	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Instead	O
,	O
Th1	O
responses	O
were	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
induce	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
secretion	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
in	O
cord	B-DISO
cells	B-COMP
were	O
induced	O
by	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
alone	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
resurgence	O
of	O
the	O
malaria	O
eradication	O
agenda	O
and	O
the	O
increasing	O
number	O
of	O
severe	O
manifestation	O
reports	O
has	O
contributed	O
to	O
a	O
renewed	O
interested	O
in	O
the	O
Plasmodium	B-DISO
vivax	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
a	O
swine	B-SPEC
2009	O
H1N1	O
variant	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
induced	O
by	O
pandemic	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	O
has	O
been	O
widely	O
reported	O
and	O
was	O
considered	O
the	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Depalmitylation	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
abolished	O
this	O
interaction	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
failure	O
of	O
S	O
incorporation	O
into	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Distress	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
constitutes	O
a	O
spectrum	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
inciting	O
stimuli	O
that	O
is	O
the	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
disability	O
in	O
the	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
pathogen	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
within	O
threatened	O
host	B-COMP
populations	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
important	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
controllable	O
by	O
managing	O
another	O
host	B-COMP
species	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
are	O
denoted	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
NTD	O
)	O
and	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
and	O
are	O
joined	O
by	O
a	O
charged	O
linker	O
region	O
rich	O
in	O
serine	B-CHED
and	O
arginine	B-CHED
residues	O
(	O
SR	O
linker	O
).	O

We	O
reviewed	O
all	O
patients	O
with	O
osteolysis	B-DISO
of	O
lymphatic	B-ANAT
origin	O
and	O
treated	O
in	O
our	O
department	O
who	O
had	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
last	O
15	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
reviewed	O
all	O
published	O
cases	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
with	O
this	O
disease	O
since	O
the	O
1950	O
'	O
s	O
.	O

The	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
(	O
nasal	B-ANAT
or	O
pharyngeal	B-ANAT
exudate	B-ANAT
or	O
deeper	O
sample	O
in	O
intubated	O
patients	O
)	O
should	O
be	O
obtained	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
immediate	O
start	O
of	O
empirical	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
centralization	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
referral	O
hospitals	O
is	O
recommended	O
.	O

Clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
show	O
50	O
-	O
60	O
%	O
survival	O
rates	O
in	O
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
this	O
technique	O
.	O

Early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
adequate	O
monitoring	O
allow	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
effective	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
help	O
decide	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
circulatory	B-PROC
support	O
systems	O
.	O

Fourteen	O
to	O
16	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
ACE2	O
knockout	O
mice	B-SPEC
-	O
male	O
(	O
ACE2	O
(-/	O
y	O
))	O
and	O
female	O
(	O
ACE2	O
(-/-))-	O
and	O
age	O
-	O
matched	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
WT	O
)	O
male	O
mice	B-SPEC
received	O
intratracheal	O
BLM	B-DISO
(	O
1	O
.	O
5U	O
/	O
kg	O
).	O

Male	O
ACE2	O
(-/	O
y	O
)	O
BLM	B-DISO
injured	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
poorer	O
exercise	O
capacity	O
,	O
worse	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
exacerbated	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
collagen	B-COMP
deposition	O
compared	O
with	O
WT	O
.	O

In	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
high	O
viral	O
load	O
,	O
the	O
lung	O
specimens	O
from	O
this	O
patient	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
other	O
three	O
patients	O
,	O
showed	O
a	O
high	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
α	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
linked	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
by	O
lectin	B-PRGE
staining	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
indicated	O
overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
potential	O
mechanism	O
for	O
severe	O
disease	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
,	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
PCV2	O
,	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
PRCV	O
was	O
lower	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serosurvey	O
of	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
Amur	B-SPEC
tigers	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Russian	O
Far	O
East	O
.	O

No	O
differences	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
antibody	B-COMP
prevalence	O
estimates	O
between	O
tigers	B-SPEC
captured	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
research	O
program	O
and	O
those	O
captured	O
to	O
mitigate	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
tiger	B-SPEC
conflicts	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
not	O
clearly	O
understood	O
how	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
replicated	O
within	O
and	O
released	O
from	O
the	O
sensory	B-ANAT
neurons	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
it	O
remains	O
to	O
know	O
how	O
satellite	O
cells	B-COMP
response	O
to	O
the	O
HEV	B-SPEC
invasion	B-DISO
.	O

Released	O
HEV	B-SPEC
particles	O
were	O
subsequently	O
taken	O
up	O
by	O
the	O
adjacent	O
satellite	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
First	O
experience	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
portable	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
system	O
Cardiohelp	O
for	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
in	O
adults	O
.	O

Cardiohelp	O
support	O
resulted	O
in	O
immediate	O
improvement	O
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
highly	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Phosphatidylinositol	B-CHED
4	I-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
IIIβ	I-PRGE
is	O
required	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
-	O
mediated	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
we	O
believe	O
that	O
3b	O
might	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
therefore	O
is	O
of	O
considerable	O
interest	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
were	O
further	O
confirmed	O
both	O
in	O
vivo	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
embryonated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
,	O
chicken	B-SPEC
fibroblast	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
and	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
at	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
and	O
translational	B-PROC
levels	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

A	O
""""	O
2	O
-	O
hit	O
""""	O
injury	O
was	O
induced	O
:	O
(	O
a	O
)	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
by	O
placement	O
of	O
a	O
fecal	B-ANAT
clot	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
peritoneum	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
(	O
b	O
)	O
ischemia	B-DISO
/	O
reperfusion	O
-	O
by	O
clamping	O
the	O
superior	B-ANAT
mesenteric	I-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
for	O
30	O
min	O
.	O

Animals	B-SPEC
were	O
randomized	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
:	O
CMT	O
-	O
3	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
7	O
)	O
received	O
CMT	O
-	O
3	O
(	O
200	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
);	O
placebo	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
)	O
received	O
the	O
same	O
dose	O
of	O
a	O
CMT	O
-	O
3	O
vehicle	O
(	O
carboxymethylcellulose	O
).	O

It	O
improved	O
all	O
histological	O
lesions	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
vs	O
.	O
placebo	O
).	O

Chemically	O
modified	O
tetracycline	B-CHED
3	O
treatment	O
prevented	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
and	O
protected	O
against	O
bowel	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
CMT	O
-	O
3	O
could	O
significantly	O
reduce	O
progression	O
from	O
sepsis	B-DISO
into	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Global	O
travel	O
and	O
transport	O
play	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
see	O
this	O
clearly	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
pandemics	O
of	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
H1N1	O
-	O
2009	O
.	O

Seasonal	O
,	O
pandemic	O
,	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
have	O
some	O
important	O
differences	O
with	O
regards	O
to	O
exposure	O
risks	O
,	O
infectivity	O
,	O
and	O
severity	O
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
has	O
low	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
;	O
infection	B-DISO
typically	O
requires	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
poultry	O
,	O
but	O
presents	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
and	O
a	O
high	O
fatality	O
rate	O
.	O

Environmental	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
remain	O
infectious	B-DISO
in	O
water	B-CHED
and	O
sewage	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
a	O
year	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
temperature	O
and	O
humidity	O
.	O

UV	O
and	O
confocal	O
microscopic	O
observation	O
indicated	O
attachment	O
of	O
residual	O
labeled	O
virions	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
lettuce	O
surface	O
after	O
the	O
elution	O
procedure	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
rates	O
of	O
inactivation	B-DISO
or	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
underestimated	O
.	O

For	O
BCV	B-SPEC
,	O
this	O
association	O
was	O
significant	O
also	O
when	O
accounting	O
for	O
herd	O
size	O
and	O
regional	O
cattle	O
density	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
for	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
hexapeptide	O
of	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
blocks	O
viral	O
entry	O
into	O
host	O
cells	B-COMP
via	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
:	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
review	O
of	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
vaccines	O
.	O

The	O
economic	O
impacts	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
are	O
substantial	O
,	O
given	O
that	O
it	O
results	O
in	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
costs	O
related	O
to	O
vaccination	O
and	O
disinfection	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Public	O
and	O
political	O
awareness	O
of	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
is	O
growing	O
,	O
as	O
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
specialists	O
work	O
closer	O
together	O
to	O
avert	O
potential	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Incidence	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
during	O
three	O
influenza	B-DISO
seasons	O
in	O
Bangladesh	O
,	O
2008	O
-	O
2010	O
.	O

No	O
specific	O
therapies	O
are	O
currently	O
available	O
to	O
treat	O
or	O
decrease	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
alcoholism	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
demonstrated	O
worsening	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
detected	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
.	O

Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
two	O
of	O
seven	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
,	O
namely	O
Myotis	B-SPEC
nattereri	I-SPEC
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
daubentonii	I-SPEC
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
prevalence	O
was	O
particularly	O
high	O
in	O
the	O
previously	O
unrecognized	O
host	B-COMP
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
nattereri	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
can	O
live	O
in	O
close	O
proximity	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
we	O
reported	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
three	O
novel	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
bulbul	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU11	O
,	O
thrush	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU12	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
munia	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU13	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
representatives	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
genus	B-SPEC
,	O
Deltacoronavirus	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
subfamily	B-SPEC
Coronavirinae	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
:	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
feline	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
3c	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
in	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenicity	O
based	O
upon	O
isolates	O
from	O
resident	O
and	O
adopted	O
shelter	O
cats	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
recent	O
study	O
found	O
that	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
FIPV	O
isolates	O
have	O
an	O
intact	O
3c	O
and	O
suggested	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
solely	O
involved	O
in	O
FIP	B-DISO
but	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
replication	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
an	O
intact	O
3c	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
essential	O
for	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
replication	O
.	O

The	O
underlying	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
involve	O
canonical	O
inflammatory	O
pathways	B-PROC
such	O
as	O
MAP	B-PRGE
kinases	I-PRGE
,	O
CXCR2	B-PRGE
chemokines	I-PRGE
,	O
PAF	B-DISO
,	O
leukotrienes	B-CHED
,	O
adhesions	B-DISO
molecules	O
(	O
CD18	B-PRGE
,	O
ICAM	O
-	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
elastase	O
have	O
been	O
defined	O
relatively	O
well	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
between	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	O
variables	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
procedure	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Many	O
chronic	B-DISO
rhinosinusitis	I-DISO
(	O
CRS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
recall	O
an	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
as	O
the	O
inciting	O
event	O
of	O
their	O
chronic	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

Viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
cause	O
obstruction	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
osteomeatal	O
complex	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
critical	O
step	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
CRS	B-DISO
.	O

Viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
established	O
asthmatics	B-DISO
are	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
exacerbations	O
.	O

PCR	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
3	O
;	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
[	O
RSV	B-SPEC
];	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
[	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
];	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
[	O
ADV	O
];	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
;	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
;	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
[	O
BoV	O
];	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
[	O
CMV	B-SPEC
];	O
and	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
from	O
palm	B-ANAT
civets	B-SPEC
has	O
twice	O
evolved	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
by	O
gaining	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinity	O
for	O
human	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
angiotensin	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
murine	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
hemagglutinin	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
site	I-PRGE
:	O
a	O
major	O
shift	O
in	O
ligand	B-PROC
specificity	O
through	O
modest	O
changes	O
in	O
architecture	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
hemagglutinin	O
-	O
esterases	O
(	O
HEs	B-DISO
),	O
envelope	B-COMP
glycoproteins	B-CHED
of	O
corona	B-CHED
-,	O
toro	O
-	O
and	O
orthomyxoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
mediate	O
reversible	O
virion	B-COMP
attachment	O
to	O
O	O
-	O
acetylated	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
O	O
-	O
Ac	O
-	O
Sias	O
).	O

They	O
do	O
so	O
through	O
concerted	O
action	O
of	O
distinct	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
"("""	O
lectin	B-PRGE
""")"	I-PRGE
and	O
receptor	O
-	O
destroying	O
sialate	B-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
acetylesterase	I-PRGE
"("""	O
esterase	B-PRGE
""")"	I-PRGE
domains	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
present	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
lectin	B-PRGE
domain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
strain	O
S	O
HE	O
,	O
resolved	O
both	O
in	O
its	O
native	O
state	O
and	O
in	O
complex	O
with	O
a	O
receptor	O
analogue	O
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CRCoV	O
,	O
CPIV	O
,	O
or	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
on	O
arrival	O
were	O
not	O
significantly	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
associated	O
with	O
disease	O
-	O
sparing	O
after	O
entry	O
into	O
the	O
shelter	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
abnormality	O
in	O
11	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
patients	O
,	O
7	O
%	O
had	O
bilateral	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
,	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
had	O
inflammatory	O
patch	O
and	O
3	O
%	O
had	O
findings	O
suggestive	O
of	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
had	O
poor	O
disease	O
outcome	O
.	O

A	O
natural	O
flavonoid	B-CHED
quercetin	B-CHED
has	O
a	O
3	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
dihydroxychromone	O
pharmacophore	O
which	O
is	O
in	O
bioisosteric	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
diketoacid	O
moiety	O
of	O
the	O
ADK	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
of	O
our	O
interest	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
the	O
quercetin	B-CHED
derivatives	O
with	O
an	O
arylmethyl	O
group	O
attached	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
prepared	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
the	O
7	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
arylmethylquercetin	O
derivatives	O
with	O
various	O
aromatic	O
substituents	O
and	O
evaluated	O
their	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
SCV	B-SPEC
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCV	B-SPEC
).	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
sNsp15	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
resulted	O
in	O
an	O
increased	O
abundance	O
of	O
pRb	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
,	O
decreased	O
overall	O
levels	O
of	O
pRb	B-PRGE
,	O
an	O
increased	O
proportion	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
S	B-PROC
phase	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
cell	B-PATH
cycle	I-PATH
,	O
and	O
an	O
enhanced	O
expression	B-PROC
from	O
a	O
promoter	O
normally	O
repressed	O
by	O
pRb	O
.	O

Oral	B-ANAT
vaccination	O
of	O
an	O
attenuated	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
typhimurium	O
strain	O
transformed	O
with	O
plasmids	O
encoding	O
CEA	B-PRGE
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
fusion	O
gene	O
into	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
elicited	O
significant	O
increases	O
in	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

Paediatric	O
cases	O
of	O
survival	O
after	O
H2S	B-CHED
intoxication	O
have	O
been	O
rarely	O
reported	O
.	O

Hypothermia	O
and	O
other	O
metabolic	B-PROC
abnormalities	O
are	O
now	O
better	O
explained	O
thanks	O
to	O
actual	O
knowledge	O
about	O
endogenous	O
H2S	B-CHED
function	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
HTS	B-DISO
results	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
choice	O
of	O
reducing	B-CHED
agent	I-CHED
used	O
and	O
potency	O
comparisons	O
of	O
selected	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
has	O
not	O
been	O
done	O
with	O
the	O
physiological	O
reducing	B-CHED
agent	I-CHED
reduced	B-CHED
glutathione	I-CHED
(	O
GSH	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
rapid	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
:	O
a	O
prospective	O
study	O
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
detected	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
CoVHKU1	O
,	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

Complete	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
formed	O
a	O
distinct	O
cluster	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
as	O
group	O
2b	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
distantly	O
related	O
to	O
known	O
group	O
2	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Most	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genomes	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
a29	O
-	O
bp	O
insertion	O
in	O
ORF	O
8	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
,	O
not	O
in	O
most	O
human	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genomes	O
,	O
suggests	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
common	O
ancestor	O
with	O
civet	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
4	O
.	O

Antibody	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
enhancement	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Spike	I-PRGE
immune	O
-	O
serum	B-COMP
was	O
observed	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

The	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
enhancement	O
phenomenon	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
mandatory	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
elicited	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccines	O
,	O
as	O
pure	B-FUNC
neutralising	O
antibody	B-COMP
only	O
could	O
be	O
obtained	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
and	O
canine	O
coronaviruses	O
:	O
common	O
genetic	O
and	O
pathobiological	O
features	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
responsible	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
which	O
raised	O
concern	O
about	O
coronaviruses	O
as	O
agents	O
of	O
serious	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
at	O
different	O
temperatures	O
and	O
relative	O
humidity	O
on	O
smooth	O
surfaces	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

The	O
approach	O
and	O
methods	O
developed	O
can	O
easily	O
be	O
implemented	O
in	O
other	O
enclosed	O
spaces	O
such	O
as	O
buildings	O
,	O
trains	O
,	O
and	O
buses	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
risk	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
causes	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
FCoV	O
/	O
FIP	O
-	O
free	O
status	O
of	O
the	O
Falkland	O
Islands	O
cats	B-SPEC
should	O
be	O
maintained	O
by	O
FCoV	O
testing	O
incoming	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infections	B-DISO
with	O
persistent	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
a	O
frequent	O
cause	O
of	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
,	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
sequelae	O
,	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
neoplastic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
profound	O
impact	O
of	O
pDC	B-DISO
deficiency	O
on	O
innate	O
antiviral	B-CHED
responses	O
was	O
revealed	O
by	O
the	O
failure	O
to	O
control	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
the	O
cytopathic	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
pDC	B-DISO
-	O
deficient	O
animals	B-SPEC
failed	O
to	O
clear	O
lymphocytic	B-SPEC
choriomeningitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
LCMV	B-SPEC
)	O
from	O
hematopoietic	O
organs	B-ANAT
during	O
persistent	O
LCMV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
failure	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
reduced	O
numbers	O
and	O
functionality	O
of	O
LCMV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
helper	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
impaired	B-DISO
antiviral	B-CHED
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
.	O

Adoptive	O
transfer	O
of	O
LCMV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
revealed	O
that	O
both	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
required	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
for	O
expansion	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
required	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
pDCs	O
.	O

Thus	O
pDCs	O
provide	O
an	O
essential	O
link	O
between	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	O
immunity	B-PROC
to	O
chronic	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
likely	O
through	O
the	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	O
other	O
cytokines	O
.	O

Considering	O
the	O
widespread	O
nature	O
of	O
CCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
among	O
dog	B-SPEC
populations	O
,	O
several	O
studies	O
have	O
been	O
carried	O
out	O
,	O
focusing	O
upon	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
relevance	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
underlining	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
further	O
investigation	O
into	O
the	O
biology	O
of	O
CCoVs	O
and	O
into	O
the	O
pathogenetic	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
and	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
combined	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
to	O
improve	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
optimal	O
way	O
to	O
achieve	O
and	O
maintain	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
is	O
still	O
under	O
debate	O
.	O

ECMO	O
could	O
improve	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
partially	O
replace	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
early	O
if	O
artificial	O
ventilation	O
treatment	O
was	O
unresponsive	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Use	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
adults	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
].	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
evidence	O
to	O
prove	O
that	O
ECMO	O
is	O
beneficial	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
therefore	O
further	O
investigation	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
sample	O
of	O
high	O
quality	O
RCT	O
is	O
warranted	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
There	O
is	O
no	O
evidence	O
to	O
prove	O
that	O
ECMO	O
is	O
beneficial	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
therefore	O
further	O
investigation	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
sample	O
of	O
high	O
quality	O
RCT	O
is	O
warranted	O
.	O

The	O
setting	O
of	O
ventilator	O
support	O
were	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
,	O
and	O
arterial	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	I-PROC
[	O
SaO	O
(	O
2	O
)],	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
partial	O
pressure	O
[	O
PaCO	O
(	O
2	O
)]	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
pH	O
value	O
were	O
improved	O
significantly	O
after	O
the	O
V	O
-	O
V	O
mode	O
ECMO	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
and	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
therapy	O
on	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
severe	O
triphosgene	O
poisoning	O
].	O

We	O
assessed	O
the	O
characteristics	O
and	O
predictors	O
of	O
outcome	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
ARF	B-DISO
treated	O
with	O
NIV	O
.	O

If	O
predictors	O
for	O
NIV	O
failure	O
are	O
present	O
,	O
avoiding	O
delayed	O
intubation	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
""""	O
de	O
novo	O
""""	O
ARF	B-DISO
would	O
potentially	O
minimise	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
male	O
ferret	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
was	O
purchased	O
from	O
abroad	O
at	O
9	O
months	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
had	O
shown	O
significant	O
weight	O
loss	O
starting	O
at	O
13	O
months	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

At	O
necropsy	O
,	O
a	O
white	O
,	O
quail	O
egg	B-ANAT
-	O
sized	O
mass	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
mesentery	B-ANAT
.	O

Electron	O
microscopically	O
,	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
contained	O
viral	B-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
histopathological	O
features	O
in	O
this	O
ferret	B-SPEC
were	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

This	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
in	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

These	O
patients	O
were	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
in	O
department	O
of	O
internal	O
medicine	B-CHED
or	O
outpatients	O
in	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
in	O
Beijing	O
Children	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
.	O

The	O
top	O
three	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
HRV	O
and	O
PIV	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
positive	O
rates	O
were	O
50	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
36	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
and	O
12	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
respectively	O
in	O
group	O
of	O
<	O
1	O
year	O
old	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
study	O
evaluated	O
which	O
viruses	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
acute	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
and	O
compared	O
signalment	O
,	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
and	O
laboratory	O
abnormalities	O
among	O
groups	O
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
those	O
that	O
tested	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
negative	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
A	O
-	O
secomethylenamino	O
-	O
and	O
substituted	O
amidoximotriterpenoids	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
functionalization	O
of	O
triterpenoids	B-CHED
to	O
A	O
-	O
secoamidoximes	O
,	O
A	O
-	O
secomethylenamines	O
and	O
branched	B-ANAT
3	O
-(	O
3	O
-	O
aminopropylamino	O
)-	O
3	O
-(	O
3	O
-	O
aminopropoxy	O
)	O
amidoximes	B-CHED
is	O
illustrated	O
by	O
the	O
betulonic	O
acid	O
ketoxime	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
novel	O
2009	O
influenza	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
].	O

Eight	O
were	O
complicated	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
barotraumas	O
(	O
6	O
of	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
).	O

One	O
patient	O
stayed	O
in	O
ICU	O
and	O
2	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
ICU	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diagnostics	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
nucleocapsid	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
using	O
chicken	B-PRGE
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
Y	I-PRGE
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
immunoassay	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
NP	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
developed	O
could	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
and	O
sensitive	O
method	O
of	O
diagnosing	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
suspected	O
individuals	O
during	O
a	O
future	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
VP3	O
/	O
VP1	B-PRGE
region	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
the	O
positive	O
samples	O
.	O

pH	O
,	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
O2	O
(	O
PaO2	O
),	O
PaO2	O
/	O
inspired	B-PROC
O2	O
fraction	O
(	O
FiO2	O
)	O
and	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
decreased	O
,	O
while	O
PaCO2	O
and	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
increased	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
baseline	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
are	O
still	O
unclear	O
.	O

ECMO	O
was	O
initiated	O
when	O
ARDS	B-DISO
proved	O
refractory	O
to	O
standard	O
treatment	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
When	O
pandemics	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
higher	O
workload	O
in	O
the	O
healthcare	O
sector	O
,	O
the	O
attitude	O
of	O
healthcare	O
staff	O
and	O
,	O
more	O
importantly	O
,	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
predict	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
absence	O
due	O
to	O
sickness	O
are	O
crucial	O
factors	O
in	O
emergency	B-DISO
preparedness	O
and	O
resource	O
allocation	O
.	O

Also	O
,	O
the	O
linear	O
relation	O
between	O
the	O
tested	O
subject	O
'	O
s	O
height	O
and	O
their	O
coughing	B-DISO
and	O
speaking	O
velocity	O
was	O
shown	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Using	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
CoV	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
nsp5	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
a	O
new	O
temperature	O
-	O
sensitive	O
(	O
ts	O
)	O
mutation	O
in	O
D2	O
of	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
(	O
Ser133Ala	O
)	O
and	O
confirmed	O
a	O
ts	O
residue	O
in	O
D3	O
(	O
Phe219Leu	O
).	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
the	O
30	O
-	O
nt	O
inter	O
-	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loop	O
domain	O
in	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
genome	O
can	O
be	O
deleted	O
and	O
viral	O
progeny	O
,	O
although	O
debilitated	O
,	O
are	O
still	O
produced	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
an	O
African	B-SPEC
green	I-SPEC
monkey	I-SPEC
(	O
AGM	O
)	O
model	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
elucidate	O
immune	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
facilitate	O
viral	O
clearance	O
but	O
may	O
also	O
contribute	O
to	O
persistent	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
following	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

During	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replicated	O
in	O
the	O
AGM	O
lung	B-ANAT
for	O
up	O
to	O
10	O
days	O
.	O

Among	O
these	O
reads	O
,	O
13	O
,	O
541	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
15	O
%)	O
had	O
similarity	O
to	O
phage	O
sequences	O
and	O
9	O
,	O
170	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
had	O
similarity	O
to	O
eukaryotic	O
virus	B-SPEC
sequences	O
.	O

Some	O
of	O
these	O
also	O
had	O
strong	O
antibacterial	O
and	O
antifungal	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

The	O
peptides	B-CHED
strongly	O
increased	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
and	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
uptake	O
of	O
IAV	O
,	O
while	O
inhibiting	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
cytokine	O
generation	O
.	O

At	O
onset	O
,	O
sensory	O
symptoms	O
(	O
pain	O
and	O
paresthesia	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
noted	O
in	O
59	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
and	O
limb	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
in	O
77	O
%.	O

NIV	O
may	O
reduce	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
endotracheal	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
improve	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
lung	B-ANAT
resection	O
,	O
avoiding	O
complications	O
related	O
to	O
intubation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
research	O
has	O
shown	O
that	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
replication	O
depends	O
on	O
active	O
immunophilin	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

As	O
shown	O
by	O
plaque	B-DISO
titration	O
,	O
qPCR	O
,	O
Luciferase	B-ENZY
-	O
and	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
GFP	O
)	O
reporter	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
,	O
replication	O
was	O
diminished	O
by	O
several	O
orders	O
of	O
magnitude	O
.	O

This	O
technology	O
was	O
chosen	O
since	O
PriProET	O
is	O
very	O
robust	O
to	O
tolerate	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
substitutions	O
in	O
the	O
target	O
area	O
.	O

Purified	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
was	O
used	O
for	O
inhibition	B-PROC
and	O
kinetic	O
assays	O
with	O
seven	O
flavonoid	B-CHED
compounds	O
.	O

Bronchial	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
on	O
day	O
10	O
showed	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
tinged	O
fluid	O
and	O
hemosiderin	O
-	O
laden	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
but	O
no	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
or	O
fungi	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
believed	O
that	O
this	O
clinical	O
exacerbation	O
might	O
have	O
occurred	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
re	O
-	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
the	O
cessation	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
for	O
severe	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
is	O
controversial	O
,	O
but	O
even	O
the	O
late	O
administration	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
may	O
be	O
effective	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
this	O
case	O
also	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
early	O
administration	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
as	O
immunomodulation	B-PROC
might	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
selected	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
cessation	O
of	O
such	O
therapy	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
may	O
cause	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
.	O

In	O
rare	O
cases	O
,	O
some	O
patients	O
develop	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failures	I-DISO
,	O
requiring	O
rescue	O
therapies	O
such	O
as	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
or	O
continuous	O
venovenous	O
hemodiafiltration	O
(	O
CVVHDF	O
).	O

OC	O
,	O
the	O
active	O
form	O
of	O
oseltamivir	O
,	O
was	O
quantified	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
main	O
pharmacokinetic	O
parameters	O
were	O
determined	O
.	O

PEDVs	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
samples	O
(	O
feces	B-ANAT
or	O
small	B-ANAT
intestines	I-ANAT
)	O
from	O
most	O
farms	O
.	O

The	O
induction	O
of	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
at	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
challenge	O
for	O
vaccine	O
design	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
designed	O
a	O
strategy	O
for	O
noninvasive	O
receptor	O
mediated	O
gene	B-PROC
delivery	I-PROC
to	O
nasal	B-ANAT
resident	O
DCs	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
targeted	B-PROC
pDNA	O
delivery	O
through	O
a	O
noninvasive	O
intranasal	O
route	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
strategy	O
for	O
designing	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
vaccines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Trends	O
in	O
notifiable	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
:	O
implications	O
for	O
surveillance	O
and	O
population	O
health	O
policy	O
.	O

Zoonotic	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
rabies	B-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
pose	O
constant	O
threats	O
to	O
Chinese	O
residents	O
and	O
remain	O
the	O
most	O
deadly	O
disease	O
type	O
among	O
the	O
infected	O
individuals	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Experience	O
with	O
empirical	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
genotype	O
IV	O
].	O

In	O
a	O
screen	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
yeast	B-SPEC
three	O
-	O
hybrid	O
system	O
using	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
untranslated	O
region	O
(	O
5	O
'-	O
UTR	O
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
RNA	O
as	O
bait	O
against	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
cDNA	O
library	O
derived	O
from	O
HeLa	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
we	O
found	O
a	O
positive	O
candidate	O
cellular	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
,	O
zinc	B-PRGE
finger	B-ANAT
CCHC	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
motif	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
MADP1	B-PRGE
),	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
this	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
.	O

The	O
primers	O
were	O
designed	O
to	O
target	O
the	O
highly	O
conserved	O
fragment	O
of	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

She	O
was	O
successfully	O
treated	O
with	O
extraordinary	O
life	O
support	O
measures	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
double	O
lumen	B-ANAT
lung	B-ANAT
ventilation	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
hemoptysis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
membrane	B-COMP
ventilation	O
.	O

In	O
each	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
a	O
PD	O
catheter	O
was	O
placed	O
for	O
severe	O
abdominal	O
distension	B-DISO
and	O
proven	O
/	O
suspected	O
ACS	B-FUNC
.	O

There	O
was	O
dramatic	O
improvement	O
in	O
venous	B-ANAT
return	O
after	O
drainage	B-ANAT
of	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
decade	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
screenings	O
for	O
intraviral	O
and	O
virus	O
-	O
host	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
data	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
theories	O
on	O
laws	O
governing	O
interactome	O
organization	O
for	O
many	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

During	O
a	O
one	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
370	O
previously	O
healthy	O
children	O
,	O
aged	O
14	O
days	O
to	O
13	O
years	O
,	O
admitted	O
to	O
two	O
different	O
paediatric	O
wards	O
because	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
(	O
MP	O
),	O
the	O
smallest	O
self	O
-	O
replicating	O
biological	O
system	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infections	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
extra	O
-	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
manifestations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
:	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
,	O
demonstration	O
of	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
prognostication	O
.	O

The	O
average	O
duration	O
of	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
was	O
10	O
.	O
53	O
±	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
days	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
;	O
Pathophysiology	O
;	O
Treatment	O
.	O

Among	O
176	O
pediatric	O
HSCT	O
recipients	O
,	O
84	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
within	O
one	O
yr	O
after	O
HSCT	O
were	O
tested	O
by	O
viral	O
culture	O
or	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
one	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
AdV	O
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
;	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
RV	O
infection	B-DISO
within	O
28	O
d	O
after	O
HSCT	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
57	O
%.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
a	O
referral	O
ECMO	O
center	O
using	O
portable	O
miniaturized	O
ECMO	O
systems	O
for	O
H1N1	O
-	O
related	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
our	O
experience	O
,	O
ECMO	O
support	O
was	O
a	O
valuable	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
for	O
H1N1	O
-	O
related	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
portable	O
miniaturized	O
systems	O
allowed	O
urgent	O
rescue	O
of	O
patients	O
from	O
referring	O
hospitals	O
and	O
safe	O
interhospital	O
and	O
intrahospital	O
transport	B-PROC
during	O
ECMO	O
support	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Ten	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
Pao	B-PROC
(	O
2	O
)/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
,	O
69	O
mm	O
Hg	O
[	O
56	O
-	O
84	O
];	O
Murray	O
score	O
,	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
[	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
])	O
were	O
included	O
,	O
and	O
60	O
%	O
survived	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

Of	O
the	O
4	O
deaths	B-PROC
,	O
2	O
were	O
caused	O
by	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
;	O
1	O
,	O
by	O
irreversible	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
;	O
and	O
1	O
,	O
by	O
refractory	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ARTIs	O
)	O
represent	O
a	O
serious	O
global	O
health	O
burden	O
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
few	O
reports	O
have	O
addressed	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
RVs	O
)	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
ARTIs	O
attending	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
).	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
potential	O
impact	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
on	O
such	O
patients	O
remains	O
unknown	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
profiles	O
of	O
common	O
and	O
recently	O
discovered	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
adults	O
with	O
ARTIs	O
attending	O
an	O
ED	O
in	O
Beijing	O
,	O
a	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
consecutive	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
from	O
May	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
to	O
April	O
,	O
2011	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
domain	O
structure	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
papain	O
-	O
like	O
protease	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
PLpro	O
to	O
denaturant	O
urea	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
signalment	O
between	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
confirmed	O
FIP	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
general	O
cat	B-SPEC
population	O
was	O
designed	O
.	O

Domestic	O
crossbred	O
,	O
Persian	O
and	O
Himalayan	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
significantly	O
under	O
-	O
represented	O
in	O
the	O
FIP	B-DISO
cohort	O
,	O
while	O
several	O
breeds	B-PROC
were	O
over	O
-	O
represented	O
,	O
including	O
British	O
Shorthair	O
,	O
Devon	O
Rex	B-FUNC
and	O
Abyssinian	O
.	O

An	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
prevalence	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
disorder	O
,	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
are	O
presented	O
.	O

People	O
might	O
not	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
because	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
a	O
more	O
common	O
disease	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2009	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
influenza	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
epidemic	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
many	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
that	O
was	O
refractory	O
to	O
the	O
ventilatory	O
strategies	O
and	O
rescue	O
therapies	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
detection	O
limit	O
of	O
the	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
multiplex	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
GAR	B-FUNC
,	O
GCR	O
,	O
BCV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
BToV	O
was	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
10	O
(	O
0	O
),	O
10	O
(	O
1	O
),	O
and	O
10	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
TCID	O
(	O
50	O
)/	O
ml	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
for	O
GBR	O
was	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
copies	O
/	O
ml	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
multiplex	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
developed	O
here	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
GAR	B-FUNC
,	O
GBR	O
,	O
GCR	B-PRGE
,	O
BCV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
BToV	O
can	O
be	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
and	O
cost	O
-	O
effective	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
surveillance	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
adult	O
cattle	B-SPEC
.	O

During	O
viral	B-DISO
CNS	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
however	O
,	O
an	O
indiscriminate	O
maintenance	O
of	O
CNS	B-CHED
immune	O
privilege	O
through	O
Treg	O
-	O
mediated	O
negative	O
regulation	B-PROC
could	O
prevent	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
sequelae	O
but	O
impair	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
Treg	O
depletion	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
more	O
severe	O
CNS	O
inflammation	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
neuronal	O
damage	O
.	O

Loss	O
of	O
cardiolipin	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
inner	B-COMP
mitochondrial	I-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
results	O
in	O
respiratory	B-COMP
chain	I-COMP
dysfunction	O
.	O

Initial	O
metabolic	B-PROC
screening	O
was	O
normal	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
a	O
cyclic	B-DISO
neutropenia	I-DISO
.	O

Respiratory	B-COMP
chain	I-COMP
analysis	O
performed	O
on	O
skin	B-ANAT
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
revealed	O
a	O
decreased	B-DISO
activity	I-DISO
of	O
complexes	O
I	O
,	O
III	O
and	O
IV	O
.	O

This	O
support	O
should	O
alleviate	O
the	O
catabolic	B-PROC
effects	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
avoid	O
calorie	B-DISO
overload	I-DISO
and	O
,	O
in	O
selected	O
patients	O
,	O
to	O
use	O
omega	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
fatty	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
antioxidant	B-CHED
-	O
enriched	O
diets	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
improve	O
outcome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
that	O
emerged	O
in	O
2002	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
global	O
health	O
concern	O
.	O

Even	O
in	O
severe	O
bleeding	B-DISO
DAH	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
respond	O
promptly	O
without	O
thromboembolic	O
complication	B-DISO
when	O
FVIIa	O
was	O
administered	O
locally	O
via	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
side	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
FVIIa	O
does	O
not	O
penetrate	O
the	O
alveolo	O
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
membrane	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
side	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
DAH	O
(	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
and	O
Europe	O
is	O
100	O
,	O
000	O
-	O
150	O
,	O
000	O
,	O
and	O
50	O
,	O
000	O
patients	O
annually	O
are	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
DAH	O
following	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
(	O
HSCT	O
)	O
and	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
DAH	O
is	O
simple	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
broncho	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
alveolar	I-ANAT
washes	O
which	O
become	O
increasingly	O
bloody	O
.	O

Intrapulmonary	O
administration	O
of	O
rFVIIa	O
is	O
recommended	O
as	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
choice	O
for	O
DAH	O
and	O
blast	B-ANAT
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
BLI	O
)	O
because	O
the	O
treatment	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
successful	O
and	O
uncomplicated	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
only	O
a	O
small	O
series	O
of	O
DAH	O
has	O
been	O
documented	O
.	O

Levels	O
of	O
MMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
MMP	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
9	I-PROC
activity	I-PROC
,	O
T1	O
-	O
α	O
and	O
thrombomodulin	B-PRGE
were	O
also	O
diminished	O
in	O
the	O
DOX	O
-	O
treated	O
group	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
were	O
corroborated	O
by	O
histopathologic	O
analyses	O
,	O
which	O
demonstrated	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
expand	O
the	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
molecular	O
features	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
have	O
sequenced	O
and	O
characterized	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
of	O
European	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
CK	O
/	O
SWE	O
/	O
0658946	O
/	O
10	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
isolated	O
in	O
2010	O
in	O
Sweden	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
experience	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

Application	O
of	O
ECMO	O
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
seems	O
effective	O
in	O
improving	O
survival	O
,	O
even	O
under	O
the	O
conditions	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Application	O
of	O
ECMO	O
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
seems	O
effective	O
in	O
improving	O
survival	O
,	O
even	O
under	O
the	O
conditions	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Replication	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
requires	O
multiple	O
cysteines	O
in	O
the	O
endodomain	O
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
in	O
natural	O
areas	O
a	O
survey	O
was	O
conducted	O
on	O
an	O
opportunistic	O
sample	O
of	O
fifty	O
eight	O
wild	O
(	O
Felis	O
silvestris	O
silvestris	O
)	O
and	O
feral	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
F	O
.	O
s	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
catus	I-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
and	O
injury	O
after	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
are	O
more	O
severe	O
in	O
postpartum	O
rabbits	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
may	O
complicate	O
postpartum	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
resuscitation	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
mechanisms	O
are	O
not	O
yet	O
well	O
defined	O
.	O

We	O
studied	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
to	O
postpartum	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
resuscitation	O
in	O
a	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
model	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
nuclear	O
factor	O
-	O
κB	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Is	O
benign	B-DISO
tertian	I-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
actually	O
benign	O
?	O

The	O
availability	O
of	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
genomic	O
datasets	O
focused	O
on	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
pathogen	O
interactions	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
discover	O
novel	O
drug	O
targets	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
potential	O
opportunities	O
for	O
drug	O
repositioning	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
analysis	O
of	O
microarray	O
datasets	O
involving	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
infections	B-DISO
by	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
metapneumonia	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
coxsackievirus	B-SPEC
and	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
KCTD9	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
novel	O
potassium	B-CHED
channel	O
related	O
gene	O
,	O
was	O
highly	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
T	O
cells	O
of	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
induced	O
by	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
].	O

75	O
C3H	O
/	O
HeJ	O
female	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
done	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
,	O
39	O
for	O
model	O
group	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
MHV3	O
,	O
36	O
for	O
control	O
.	O

Basal	O
expression	B-PROC
was	O
also	O
investigated	O
and	O
showed	O
constitutive	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
KCTD9	B-PRGE
in	O
brain	B-ANAT
,	O
thymus	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
organs	B-ANAT
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
cJ	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Increased	O
expressions	O
of	O
KCTD9	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
was	O
observed	O
in	O
livers	B-ANAT
of	O
both	O
model	O
mice	B-SPEC
of	O
fulminant	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

Another	O
significant	O
finding	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
'	O
s	O
,	O
organizations	O
'	O
and	O
nurses	O
'	O
perceptions	O
of	O
new	O
emerging	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
were	O
influenced	O
by	O
their	O
previous	O
experience	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
a	O
common	O
complication	B-DISO
among	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
[	O
pH1N1	O
]	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
two	O
patients	O
,	O
both	O
with	O
H1N1	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
invasive	B-DISO
Aspergillosis	I-DISO
,	O
who	O
required	O
ECMO	O
support	O
significantly	O
longer	O
at	O
45	O
and	O
52	O
days	O
,	O
but	O
eventually	O
made	O
a	O
full	O
recovery	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
as	O
pores	O
connecting	O
the	O
DMV	O
interior	O
with	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
have	O
not	O
been	O
detected	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
unclear	O
whether	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
occurs	O
at	O
these	O
same	O
sites	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
feasibility	O
of	O
detecting	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
by	O
using	O
click	O
chemistry	O
and	O
indicate	O
that	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
dots	O
do	O
not	O
necessarily	O
correspond	O
with	O
sites	O
of	O
active	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
enter	O
the	O
host	O
cell	O
by	O
binding	B-FUNC
cellular	B-COMP
receptors	O
that	O
allow	O
appropriate	O
delivery	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Animals	B-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
with	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
conjugated	O
with	O
gold	B-CHED
nanoparticles	B-CHED
.	O

Transplantation	O
of	O
Olig1	B-PRGE
-/-	O
and	O
Olig1	O
+/+	O
NPCs	O
into	O
JHMV	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	O
resulted	O
in	O
similar	O
cell	B-PROC
survival	I-PROC
,	O
proliferation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
selective	O
migration	B-PROC
to	O
areas	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

Further	O
,	O
these	O
findings	O
reveal	O
that	O
Olig1function	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
remyelination	B-PROC
potential	O
of	O
NPCs	O
after	O
transplant	B-ANAT
,	O
through	O
specification	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
maintenance	O
of	O
oligodendroglial	O
identity	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
aggressively	O
introduced	O
for	O
such	O
patients	O
,	O
although	O
in	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
institutions	O
.	O

Outcomes	O
such	O
as	O
need	O
for	O
ventilation	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
intermediate	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
IMS	O
)	O
were	O
noted	O
.	O

They	O
had	O
no	O
electrophysiological	O
abnormalities	O
at	O
median	O
and	O
ulnar	B-ANAT
nerves	I-ANAT
before	O
intubation	O
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
quantify	O
CNS	B-CHED
and	O
muscarinic	O
dysfunction	O
to	O
assist	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
better	O
treatments	O
for	O
the	O
severe	O
and	O
early	O
OP	O
poisoning	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
investigated	O
the	O
clinical	O
impact	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
coronaviruses	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
OC43	O
,	O
229E	O
,	O
HKU1	O
and	O
NL63	O
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
cystic	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
(	O
CF	O
)	O
during	O
routine	O
and	O
exacerbation	O
visits	O
.	O

The	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
local	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
markers	O
was	O
compared	O
to	O
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
of	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	O
markers	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lesions	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
receiving	O
the	O
high	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
concentration	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
severity	O
of	O
lesions	O
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
inoculum	O
concentration	O
rather	O
than	O
total	O
numbers	O
of	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
local	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
magnitude	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
destruction	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
confine	O
the	O
lesions	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
dynamic	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
alterations	O
of	O
12	O
selected	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
the	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
and	O
western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
confirmed	O
the	O
change	O
in	O
abundance	O
of	O
heat	B-PROC
shock	I-PROC
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
HSP	B-DISO
)	O
beta	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
annexin	B-PRGE
A2	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
annexin	B-PRGE
A5	I-PRGE
.	O

Anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
inflammatory	I-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
cannot	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
for	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vitamin	B-CHED
D	I-CHED
deficiency	I-DISO
and	O
comorbidities	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
anemia	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Vitamin	B-CHED
D	I-CHED
deficiency	I-DISO
is	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
common	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
anemia	B-SPEC
(	O
SCA	B-ANAT
).	O

This	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
noncardiogenic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
diffuse	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
hypoxemia	O
refractory	O
to	O
oxygen	B-CHED
delivery	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
in	O
our	O
laboratory	O
and	O
others	O
have	O
revealed	O
a	O
hitherto	O
unknown	O
correlation	O
between	O
chemokine	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
/	O
CXCR3	B-PRGE
,	O
Heme	B-PRGE
/	O
HO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
and	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
severity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Then	O
,	O
we	O
further	O
determined	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
how	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
regulates	O
HO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
as	O
well	O
as	O
mutual	O
regulation	B-PROC
among	O
them	O
in	O
CRL	O
-	O
2581	O
,	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
is	O
activated	O
by	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
berghei	I-SPEC
ANKA	O
(	O
PBA	B-CHED
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
vivo	O
and	O
Heme	B-CHED
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Our	O
ultimate	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
develop	O
novel	O
therapies	O
targeting	B-PROC
Heme	B-CHED
or	O
CXCL10	O
-	O
related	O
biological	B-PROC
signaling	I-PROC
molecules	O
associated	O
with	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
fatal	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

(	O
4	O
)	O
HO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
regulates	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
support	O
in	O
adult	O
recipients	O
facing	O
acute	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
refractory	O
to	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
concurrent	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
gas	B-ENZY
inhalation	B-PROC
.	O

Eight	O
patients	O
(	O
44	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
were	O
successfully	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
ECMO	O
upon	O
the	O
first	O
attempt	O
after	O
a	O
mean	O
support	O
of	O
11	O
.	O
9	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
1	O
days	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
other	O
10	O
died	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
overwhelming	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Univariate	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
no	O
significant	O
pre	O
-	O
ECMO	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
treatment	O
failure	O
but	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
concentration	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
ECMO	O
differed	O
significantly	O
among	O
patients	O
who	O
did	O
versus	O
did	O
not	O
survive	O
after	O
ECMO	O
.	O

ECMO	O
as	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
final	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
for	O
OLT	O
recipients	O
with	O
refractory	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
who	O
would	O
otherwise	O
die	O
due	O
to	O
hypoxemia	O
from	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
or	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
the	O
mean	O
IBV	B-SPEC
ELISA	O
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
in	O
the	O
toxin	O
fed	O
groups	O
were	O
significantly	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
reduced	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
ELISA	O
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infected	O
but	O
not	O
toxin	O
fed	O
group	O
,	O
at	O
all	O
intervals	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Wound	O
control	O
in	O
laparostomy	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
remains	O
challenging	O
and	O
numerous	O
techniques	O
have	O
been	O
described	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
successfully	O
managed	O
by	O
performing	O
a	O
laparostomy	O
and	O
using	O
an	O
ABThera	O
™	O
Open	O
Abdomen	B-ANAT
Negative	O
Pressure	O
Therapy	O
System	O
(	O
KCI	O
,	O
San	O
Antonio	O
,	O
TX	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
more	O
severe	O
form	O
,	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
are	O
common	O
complications	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
AP	O
).	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
persistent	O
threat	O
from	O
the	O
A	O
/	O
H5N1	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
since	O
1997	O
and	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
2003	O
,	O
medical	O
and	O
scientific	O
communities	O
have	O
been	O
more	O
prepared	O
in	O
mindset	O
and	O
infrastructure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Simultaneous	O
treatment	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
with	O
serine	B-CHED
and	O
cysteine	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
inhibitors	I-CHED
prevents	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
veno	O
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
(	O
VA	O
)	O
ECMO	O
support	O
was	O
reserved	O
for	O
cases	O
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
shock	O
refractory	O
to	O
standard	O
treatment	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
arrests	O
not	O
responding	O
to	O
conventional	O
resuscitation	O
.	O

Eight	O
of	O
these	O
received	O
VV	O
ECMO	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
of	O
various	O
etiologies	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
survival	O
rate	O
of	O
63	O
%.	O

Typical	O
complications	O
include	O
coagulation	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
infections	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
central	I-DISO
nervous	I-DISO
system	I-DISO
symptoms	O
,	O
hepatic	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
premature	O
ablation	O
of	O
the	O
placenta	B-ANAT
.	O

After	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
the	O
pressure	O
in	O
Shenzhen	O
to	O
contain	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
considerable	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
in	O
farmed	O
European	O
wild	B-SPEC
boar	I-SPEC
.	O

Serological	O
screening	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
on	O
303	O
samples	O
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
slaughtered	O
between	O
2005	O
and	O
2008	O
,	O
and	O
random	O
-	O
effect	O
logistic	O
regression	O
models	O
were	O
developed	O
for	O
pathogens	O
with	O
a	O
'	O
non	O
-	O
zero	O
'	O
prevalence	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
use	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
model	O
for	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
by	O
inactivated	O
and	O
PHE	B-CHED
-	O
CoV	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
define	O
the	O
immune	O
correlates	O
for	O
protection	O
against	O
PHE	B-CHED
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
was	O
composed	O
of	O
purified	O
PHE	B-CHED
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
aluminum	B-CHED
hydroxide	I-CHED
gel	O
(	O
alum	O
),	O
which	O
was	O
chosen	O
as	O
an	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
because	O
of	O
its	O
long	O
history	O
of	O
safety	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
use	O
.	O

This	O
response	O
may	O
activate	O
both	O
B	O
and	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
mount	O
a	O
specific	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
that	O
could	O
,	O
in	O
turn	O
,	O
elicit	O
a	O
phagocyte	B-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
defense	O
against	O
PHE	B-CHED
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
to	O
achieve	O
viral	O
clearance	O
.	O

The	O
fecal	B-ANAT
score	O
regarded	O
as	O
pathological	O
was	O
the	O
highest	O
score	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
average	O
daily	O
gain	O
(	O
ADG	O
).	O

The	O
quality	O
of	O
feces	B-ANAT
was	O
affected	O
by	O
both	O
age	O
and	O
breed	B-PROC
size	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fifty	O
-	O
seven	O
derivatives	O
of	O
glycyrrhetinic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
GA	O
)	O
were	O
synthesized	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
anti	O
-	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBV	B-DISO
)	O
activity	O
was	O
evaluated	O
in	O
HepG	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O
15	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
GA	O
derivatives	O
were	O
discussed	O
for	O
exploring	O
novel	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
HBV	I-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

Ninety	O
-	O
eight	O
(	O
28	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
patients	O
had	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
episode	O
of	O
microbiologically	O
documented	O
bacterial	O
VAP	O
,	O
including	O
41	O
(	O
41	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
74	O
(	O
30	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
241	O
patients	O
without	O
VAP	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Tracheostomy	O
,	O
enteral	O
nutrition	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
subglottic	B-ANAT
secretion	B-PROC
-	O
drainage	B-ANAT
device	O
were	O
protective	O
.	O

After	O
adjustment	O
,	O
age	O
and	O
severity	O
at	O
baseline	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
VAP	O
,	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
ICU	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
findings	O
allow	O
adaption	B-PROC
of	O
treatment	O
to	O
milder	O
forms	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
severe	O
forms	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
complete	O
M	O
gene	O
showed	O
that	O
all	O
south	O
China	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
have	O
a	O
close	O
relationship	O
with	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
strains	O
in	O
Korea	O
and	O
Thailand	O
,	O
but	O
differ	O
genetically	O
from	O
the	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
(	O
CV777	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
a	O
commercial	O
antigen	O
-	O
capture	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
kit	B-FUNC
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
dipstick	O
(	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
Enterichek	O
,	O
Biovet	O
Inc	O
.)	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
to	O
bovine	B-SPEC
practitioners	O
and	O
producers	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
),	O
Rotavirus	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
(	O
RV	O
-	O
A	O
),	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
K99	O
(+),	O
and	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
from	O
diarrheic	O
calves	O
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
sigma	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
σ	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
reovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
ARV	O
),	O
a	O
functional	O
homolog	O
of	O
mammalian	B-PRGE
reovirus	B-SPEC
σ1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
responsible	O
for	O
M	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
targeting	B-PROC
,	O
was	O
administered	O
together	O
with	O
a	O
subfragment	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

IN	O
immunization	O
produced	O
antigen	O
specific	O
IgA	B-PRGE
both	O
systemically	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

Our	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
ARV	B-PRGE
σC	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
delivered	O
by	O
LAB	O
via	O
the	O
IN	O
route	O
elicits	O
strong	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

Evaluations	O
of	O
an	O
inactivated	O
whole	O
virus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
in	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
and	O
nonhuman	O
primates	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
like	O
-	O
particle	O
vaccine	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
induced	O
protection	O
against	O
infection	B-DISO
but	O
challenged	O
animals	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
an	O
immunopathologic	O
-	O
type	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

on	O
day	O
0	O
and	O
28	O
and	O
sacrificed	O
for	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
measurements	O
or	O
challenged	O
with	O
live	O
virus	B-SPEC
on	O
day	O
56	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
vaccines	O
induced	O
serum	B-COMP
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
with	O
increasing	O
dosages	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
alum	O
significantly	O
increasing	O
responses	O
.	O

The	O
pathologic	O
changes	O
seen	O
in	O
all	O
control	O
groups	O
lacked	O
the	O
eosinophil	B-ANAT
prominence	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Prior	O
to	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
the	O
specific	O
pandemic	O
vaccine	O
,	O
strategies	O
to	O
mitigate	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
typically	O
involved	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
and	O
""""	O
non	O
-	O
pharmaceutical	B-CHED
""""	O
community	O
interventions	O
.	O

While	O
avian	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
or	O
SARS	B-DISO
were	O
mistaken	O
as	O
examples	O
of	O
past	O
pandemics	O
,	O
almost	O
all	O
participants	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
associate	O
the	O
recent	O
""""	O
swine	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
""""	O
situation	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
pandemic	O
event	O
.	O

It	O
may	O
be	O
necessary	O
to	O
emphasize	O
that	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
could	O
pose	O
a	O
real	O
threat	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
protect	O
oneself	O
from	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
that	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
can	O
be	O
effective	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
genetic	O
level	O
,	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
strictly	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
prototype	O
strain	O
CB	O
/	O
05	O
,	O
but	O
displayed	O
some	O
unique	O
features	O
.	O

After	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
new	O
pantropic	O
isolate	O
,	O
most	O
inoculated	O
dogs	B-SPEC
showed	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
and	O
acute	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
.	O

Gross	O
lesions	O
and	O
histological	O
changes	O
were	O
mainly	O
evident	O
in	O
the	O
gut	B-ANAT
and	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
,	O
although	O
some	O
animals	B-SPEC
showed	O
remarkable	O
changed	O
also	O
in	O
parenchymatous	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fifty	O
-	O
six	O
isolates	O
of	O
avian	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
different	O
field	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
2010	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
genotyped	O
by	O
comparison	O
with	O
19	O
reference	O
strains	O
in	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
LX4	O
-	O
type	O
isolates	O
are	O
still	O
the	O
predominant	O
IBVs	O
circulating	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
these	O
isolates	O
could	O
be	O
grouped	O
further	O
into	O
two	O
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
case	O
of	O
transient	O
right	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

Over	O
the	O
next	O
6	O
days	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
improved	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
repeat	O
echocardiogram	O
demonstrated	O
complete	O
normalization	O
of	O
RV	O
function	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
functional	O
consequences	O
of	O
palmitoylation	B-PROC
are	O
discussed	O
regarding	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
membranes	B-ANAT
or	O
membrane	B-COMP
rafts	O
,	O
entry	O
of	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
into	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
by	O
spike	O
-	O
mediated	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
as	O
well	O
as	O
assembly	O
and	O
release	O
of	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
from	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
type	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
transmembrane	I-PRGE
serine	B-CHED
proteases	I-PRGE
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
and	O
HAT	B-PRGE
activate	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TMPRSS2	O
)	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
and	O
may	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
viral	O
spread	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
infected	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

A	O
recombinant	O
Marek	B-SPEC
'	I-SPEC
s	I-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
MDV	B-SPEC
),	O
rMDV	O
-	O
S1	O
,	O
that	O
expresses	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
constructed	O
by	O
inserting	O
the	O
IBV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
into	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
CVI988	O
/	O
Rispens	O
strain	O
of	O
MDV	B-SPEC
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
15	O
-	O
16kb	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
encoding	O
complete	O
RNA	B-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
,	O
spike	O
,	O
envelope	B-COMP
,	O
membrane	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
plus	O
other	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
(	O
ORFs	O
)	O
were	O
generated	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
CoVs	O
BtKY22	O
,	O
BtKY41	O
,	O
and	O
BtKY43	O
in	O
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
and	O
BtKY24	O
in	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
are	O
likely	O
representatives	O
of	O
4	O
novel	O
CoV	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Aerosol	O
generating	O
procedures	O
and	O
risk	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
to	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
:	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
.	O

Other	O
intubation	O
associated	O
procedures	O
,	O
endotracheal	O
aspiration	B-DISO
,	O
suction	O
of	O
body	B-ANAT
fluids	I-ANAT
,	O
bronchoscopy	O
,	O
nebulizer	O
treatment	O
,	O
administration	O
of	O
O2	O
,	O
high	O
flow	O
O2	O
,	O
manipulation	O
of	O
O2	B-PRGE
mask	I-PRGE
or	O
BiPAP	O
mask	O
,	O
defibrillation	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
compressions	O
,	O
insertion	O
of	O
nasogastric	B-ANAT
tube	O
,	O
and	O
collection	O
of	O
sputum	B-ANAT
were	O
not	O
significant	O
.	O

The	O
samples	O
from	O
various	O
tissues	B-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
at1	B-DISO
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
11	O
,	O
13	O
,	O
15	O
,	O
and	O
20	O
days	O
postinoculation	O
.	O

Chickens	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
mild	O
respiratory	O
signs	O
and	O
depression	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
most	O
remarkable	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
appeared	O
on	O
day	O
1	O
PI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
studies	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
entry	O
of	O
virions	B-COMP
:	O
one	O
kind	O
of	O
natural	O
nanobiomaterial	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Virions	O
are	O
one	O
kind	O
of	O
nanoscale	O
pathogen	O
and	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
infect	O
living	O
cells	B-COMP
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
plants	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
an	O
intrinsic	O
property	O
of	O
the	O
virions	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
the	O
biological	B-PROC
process	I-PROC
provides	O
a	O
good	O
model	O
for	O
studying	O
how	O
these	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
enter	O
into	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

For	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
chose	O
Bombyx	B-SPEC
mori	I-SPEC
cypovirus	B-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
BmCPV	O
-	O
1	O
)	O
interactions	O
with	O
midgut	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
from	O
silkworm	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
interactions	O
with	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
as	O
examples	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
response	O
of	O
eukaryotic	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
two	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
our	O
previous	O
studies	O
.	O

With	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
complicate	O
sigmoid	B-DISO
volvulus	I-DISO
she	O
was	O
underwent	O
to	O
the	O
laparotomy	O
where	O
we	O
found	O
necrosis	B-PROC
of	O
all	O
descending	B-ANAT
colon	I-ANAT
due	O
to	O
double	O
twist	B-PROC
volvulus	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
sigmoid	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
case	O
suggests	O
that	O
severe	O
pericardial	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
and	O
pericardial	B-DISO
tamponade	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
complications	O
of	O
transient	O
leukemia	B-DISO
of	O
Down	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
also	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
managed	O
successfully	O
with	O
appropriate	O
treatments	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
E	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
small	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
with	O
a	O
single	O
predicted	O
hydrophobic	O
domain	O
(	O
HD	O
),	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
poorly	O
defined	O
role	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
first	O
described	O
in	O
1946	O
by	O
Mendelson	O
,	O
aspiration	O
of	O
gastric	B-ANAT
content	I-ANAT
resulting	O
in	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
known	O
hazard	O
of	O
general	O
anaesthesia	B-DISO
.	O

Gene	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
signatures	O
unique	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
disease	O
states	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
,	O
but	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
that	O
regulate	O
exacerbated	O
disease	O
phenotypes	O
still	O
remain	O
largely	O
undetermined	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
selected	O
naturally	O
-	O
occurring	O
flavonoids	B-CHED
,	O
including	O
myricetin	B-CHED
and	O
scultellarein	O
might	O
serve	O
as	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
chemical	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Weaning	B-PROC
from	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
without	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
:	O
is	O
it	O
possible	O
?	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
19	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	O
affected	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
that	O
was	O
unresponsive	O
to	O
medical	O
treatment	O
was	O
successfully	O
weaned	B-PROC
without	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
therapy	O
from	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
because	O
of	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
bleeding	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
discontinued	O
from	O
ECMO	O
and	O
extubated	O
after	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
improved	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
this	O
single	O
experience	O
,	O
management	O
and	O
weaning	B-PROC
without	O
any	O
anticoagulant	B-CHED
agent	O
might	O
be	O
possible	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
NOX	O
enzymes	O
:	O
potential	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Inoculation	O
of	O
the	O
neurotropic	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	O
hepatitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
JHMV	O
)	O
into	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
susceptible	O
strains	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
results	O
in	O
wide	O
-	O
spread	O
replication	O
within	O
glial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
accompanied	O
by	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
that	O
control	O
virus	B-SPEC
through	O
cytokine	B-PROC
secretion	I-PROC
and	O
cytolytic	O
activity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
late	O
2010	O
,	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
been	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
in	O
immunized	O
swine	B-SPEC
herds	O
with	O
devastating	O
impact	O
in	O
the	O
Hebei	O
province	O
of	O
China	O
.	O

ILI	O
could	O
not	O
distinguish	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1p	O
infection	B-DISO
from	O
that	O
due	O
to	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
in	O
vivo	O
activity	O
of	O
pharmacological	O
drugs	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
TOPC	O
virus	B-SPEC
are	O
rather	O
scanty	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
predetermine	O
their	O
efficacy	O
.	O

The	O
lesser	O
degree	O
of	O
anxiety	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
phase	O
II	O
senior	O
students	O
may	O
be	O
due	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
more	O
realistic	O
assessment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
risk	O
brought	O
about	O
by	O
maturity	O
,	O
time	O
spent	O
in	O
hospital	O
and	O
interaction	O
with	O
clinical	O
lecturers	O
and	O
medical	O
staff	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
:	O
assembly	O
and	O
beyond	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Co	O
-	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
four	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
in	O
Queensland	O
children	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illnesses	O
in	O
2004	O
.	O

Screening	O
of	O
888	O
inpatient	O
and	O
outpatient	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
spanning	O
late	O
autumn	O
through	O
to	O
early	O
spring	O
,	O
2004	O
,	O
identified	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
on	O
74	O
occasions	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
specimens	O
and	O
26	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
detections	O
).	O

HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
comprised	O
82	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
HCoVs	O
detected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acquired	B-DISO
haemophilia	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
ivabradine	O
presenting	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
showed	O
bilateral	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
mainly	O
in	O
the	O
lower	O
lobes	B-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
activated	O
partial	O
thromboplastin	B-PRGE
time	O
showed	O
a	O
prolongation	O
that	O
was	O
not	O
reversed	O
on	O
a	O
correction	O
study	O
.	O

He	O
presented	O
with	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
week	O
history	O
of	O
increasing	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
nausea	B-DISO
,	O
diminished	O
appetite	B-PROC
and	O
longstanding	O
encopresis	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
ACS	B-FUNC
secondary	O
to	O
constipation	B-DISO
is	O
extremely	O
unusual	O
,	O
this	O
case	O
illustrates	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
actively	O
treat	O
constipation	B-DISO
and	O
what	O
can	O
happen	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
.	O

Most	O
compounds	O
presented	O
selective	O
inhibitory	O
properties	O
in	O
the	O
10	O
-	O
20	O
μM	O
range	O
against	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
associated	O
ribonuclease	B-FUNC
H	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
,	O
without	O
affecting	O
the	O
integrase	B-PRGE
and	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
DNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
activities	O
.	O

Unfortunately	O
all	O
tested	O
compounds	O
exhibited	O
high	O
cellular	B-PROC
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
which	O
limited	O
their	O
applications	O
as	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
1128	O
CSF	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
tested	O
using	O
the	O
Parechovirus	B-SPEC
-	O
Rgene	O
™	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
.	O

Over	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
,	O
33	O
/	O
1128	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
CSF	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
HPeV	O
-	O
positive	O
.	O

Routine	O
screening	O
for	O
HPeV	B-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
should	O
thus	O
be	O
performed	O
more	O
extensively	O
and	O
could	O
improve	O
clinical	O
management	O
.	O

Some	O
of	O
them	O
developed	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
or	O
severe	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
on	O
6	O
days	O
after	O
disease	O
onset	O
.	O

The	O
gammacoronaviruses	O
primarily	O
infect	O
avian	B-SPEC
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

Recombination	B-PROC
also	O
generates	O
new	O
haplotype	O
diversity	O
by	O
recombining	O
existing	O
variants	O
.	O

Efficient	O
replication	O
of	O
CCoV	O
-	O
A76	O
is	O
restricted	O
to	O
canine	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
prototypical	O
type	O
II	O
strain	O
CCoV	O
-	O
1	O
-	O
71	O
that	O
more	O
efficiently	O
replicates	O
in	O
feline	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
approach	O
uses	O
a	O
right	O
lateral	O
mini	O
-	O
thoracotomy	O
and	O
femoral	B-ANAT
cannulation	O
for	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
bypass	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
reasons	O
for	O
conversion	O
were	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
major	O
bleeding	B-DISO
in	O
18	O
patients	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
9	O
%);	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
adhesions	B-DISO
in	O
six	O
patients	O
(	O
17	O
.	O
6	O
%);	O
and	O
aortic	B-DISO
dissection	I-DISO
in	O
five	O
patients	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

In	O
the	O
discipline	O
of	O
medical	O
microbiology	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
definitive	O
theoretical	O
answer	O
to	O
this	O
question	O
:	O
there	O
,	O
the	O
conditions	O
of	O
aetiological	O
possibility	O
exist	O
in	O
a	O
curious	O
tension	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
studied	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
CD200	B-PRGE
-	O
CD200R	B-PRGE
axis	B-SPEC
on	O
clearance	O
and	O
pathology	B-DISO
in	O
two	O
different	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
models	O
.	O

We	O
therefore	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
CD200R	B-PRGE
ligation	O
suppresses	O
TLR7	B-PRGE
responses	O
and	O
that	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
this	O
inhibition	B-PROC
enlarges	O
sex	O
differences	O
in	O
TLR7	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
13	O
(	O
nsp13	O
)	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
helicase	B-PRGE
that	O
separates	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
(	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
)	O
or	O
DNA	O
(	O
dsDNA	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
5	O
'	O
→	O
3	O
'	O
polarity	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
energy	O
of	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
hydrolysis	O
.	O

To	O
elucidate	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
intermediates	O
we	O
carried	O
out	O
transient	O
kinetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
nsp13	B-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
activity	O
.	O

This	O
effect	O
is	O
specific	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp12	I-PRGE
,	O
as	O
no	O
change	O
in	O
nsp13	O
activity	O
was	O
observed	O
when	O
foot	B-ANAT
-	O
and	O
-	O
mouth	B-ANAT
-	O
disease	O
virus	B-SPEC
RdRp	B-FUNC
was	O
used	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
nsp12	O
.	O

With	O
a	O
few	O
vaccine	O
antigens	B-CHED
,	O
it	O
also	O
promoted	O
a	O
Th1	O
-	O
biased	O
response	O
based	O
on	O
pronounced	O
induction	O
of	O
Th1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
IgG2a	I-PRGE
and	O
IgG2b	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
responses	O
and	O
the	O
upregulated	O
production	O
of	O
Th1	B-PRGE
cytokines	I-PRGE
,	O
including	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
established	O
rOv	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ASP	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
'	O
s	O
adjuvanticity	B-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
two	O
sequential	O
vaccinations	O
using	O
two	O
vaccine	O
model	O
systems	O
:	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
commercial	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
hemagglutinin	O
(	O
HA	O
)	O
vaccine	O
comprised	O
of	O
three	O
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
facile	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
screening	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
using	O
nanoparticle	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
RNA	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Application	O
of	O
purified	O
recombinant	O
antigenic	O
spike	O
fragments	O
to	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	O
infection	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
containing	O
two	O
subunits	O
,	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
major	O
immunity	B-PROC
-	O
eliciting	O
antigen	B-CHED
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

Nonetheless	O
,	O
these	O
immune	O
-	O
dominant	O
regions	O
were	O
defined	O
using	O
selected	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
or	O
using	O
a	O
short	O
peptide	B-CHED
approach	O
that	O
involves	O
only	O
certain	O
limited	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
indicated	O
that	O
,	O
among	O
the	O
five	O
antigenic	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
region	O
S	O
-	O
E	O
showed	O
the	O
highest	O
specificity	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
namely	O
95	O
.	O
38	O
%	O
and	O
96	O
.	O
29	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
κ	O
value	O
for	O
the	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
ELISA	O
using	O
the	O
S	O
-	O
E	O
fragment	O
compared	O
to	O
a	O
commercial	O
kit	B-FUNC
was	O
0	O
.	O
9172	O
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
high	O
agreement	O
between	O
these	O
two	O
methods	O
.	O

This	O
raises	O
ERAD	B-PROC
activity	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
UPR	O
-	O
induction	O
.	O

The	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
subverts	O
ERAD	B-PROC
tuning	O
for	O
replication	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
30	O
samples	O
collected	O
between	O
2009	O
and	O
2011	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
PCR	O
amplification	B-DISO
and	O
direct	O
sequencing	O
of	O
partial	O
or	O
full	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

It	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
verified	O
whether	O
being	O
overweight	B-DISO
was	O
a	O
factor	O
of	O
higher	O
mortality	O
due	O
to	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
amongst	O
pregnant	O
women	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Mexico	O
.	O

The	O
nsp14	O
ExoN	O
activity	O
ensures	O
a	O
yet	O
-	O
uncharacterized	O
function	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
life	O
cycle	O
and	O
must	O
be	O
regulated	O
to	O
avoid	O
nonspecific	O
RNA	B-PATH
degradation	I-PATH
.	O

In	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
nsp10	O
with	O
nsp14	O
stimulates	O
>	O
35	O
-	O
fold	O
the	O
ExoN	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
latter	O
while	O
playing	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
N7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
activity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
B	O
and	O
T	B-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
attenuator	O
(	O
BTLA	O
)	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
-	O
3	O
.	O

BTLA	B-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
(	O
BTLA	B-PRGE
-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
littermates	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
-	O
3	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
cell	B-COMP
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
serum	B-COMP
liver	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
,	O
fibrinogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
2	I-PRGE
(	O
FGL2	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
were	O
measured	O
and	O
compared	O
.	O

Survival	O
rate	O
was	O
studied	O
after	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
or	O
without	O
adoptive	O
transferring	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

This	O
effect	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
rapid	O
,	O
TRAIL	B-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	O
related	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
-	O
inducing	O
ligand	B-PROC
)-	O
dependent	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
-	O
infected	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
in	O
BTLA	O
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
early	O
loss	O
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
resulted	O
in	O
reduced	O
pathogenic	O
tumour	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
factor	O
α	O
(	O
TNFα	O
)	O
and	O
FGL2	B-PRGE
levels	O
and	O
lower	O
viral	O
titres	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
interplay	O
between	O
IFN	O
-	O
γ	O
,	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
and	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
during	O
CNS	B-CHED
inflammatory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
complex	O
due	O
to	O
cross	O
-	O
regulatory	O
factors	O
affecting	O
both	O
positive	O
and	O
negative	O
feedback	O
loops	O
.	O

Kunming	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
injected	O
separately	O
with	O
each	O
of	O
these	O
constructs	O
or	O
with	O
a	O
pVAX1	O
-(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
S1	O
)/	O
pVAX1	O
-(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
)	O
combination	O
,	O
an	O
attenuated	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
,	O
or	O
vector	O
only	O
control	O
.	O

Animals	B-SPEC
were	O
examined	O
for	O
T	O
lymphocyte	O
proliferation	B-DISO
,	O
anti	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
,	O
and	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
function	O
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
and	O
spleen	B-ANAT
.	O

ECLS	O
may	O
have	O
a	O
role	O
to	O
play	O
in	O
the	O
acute	O
support	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
cardiorespiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
malignancy	B-DISO
or	O
the	O
required	O
treatment	O
.	O

Drugs	O
can	O
induce	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
immunological	O
reactions	O
described	O
by	O
Gell	O
and	O
Coombs	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
most	O
reactions	O
in	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
DILD	O
may	O
be	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
.	O

Identifying	O
the	O
causative	O
drug	O
that	O
induces	O
an	O
allergy	B-DISO
or	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
is	O
essential	O
for	O
preventing	O
secondary	O
reactions	O
.	O

Numerous	O
studies	O
have	O
been	O
carried	O
out	O
to	O
identify	O
new	O
bat	B-ENZY
viruses	B-SPEC
related	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
CoVs	O
)	O
using	O
a	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcribed	O
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
case	O
is	O
presented	O
of	O
a	O
38	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
patient	O
who	O
was	O
admitted	O
in	O
the	O
Emergency	O
Department	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
who	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
Critical	O
Care	O
Unit	O
with	O
a	O
suspected	O
initial	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
community	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
an	O
atypical	O
microorganism	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
complicated	O
with	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
interaction	O
between	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
nsp	O
)	O
10	O
and	O
nsp16	O
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
and	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp16	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
revealed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
metoclopramide	B-CHED
for	O
methemoglobinemia	B-DISO
-	O
a	O
rare	O
and	O
potentially	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
side	O
effect	O
].	O

On	O
physical	O
exam	O
the	O
patient	O
showed	O
tachycardia	O
,	O
dyspnoea	B-DISO
and	O
progressive	O
somnolence	O
.	O

Blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
analysis	O
(	O
BGA	O
)	O
however	O
showed	O
a	O
massive	O
increase	O
in	O
methemoglobinemia	B-DISO
from	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
just	O
prior	O
to	O
MCP	B-FUNC
injection	O
to	O
53	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
after	O
MCP	B-FUNC
injection	O
;	O
simultaneously	O
the	O
pO2	B-PROC
decreased	O
from	O
74	O
auf	O
54	O
mmHg	O
and	O
the	O
pCO2	O
from	O
37	O
.	O
7	O
to	O
34	O
.	O
1	O
mmHg	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
severe	O
and	O
acute	O
methemoglobinemia	B-DISO
following	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
MCP	B-FUNC
is	O
described	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
patient	O
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
invasive	O
fungal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
included	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
severe	O
and	O
prolonged	O
H1N1	O
-	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
authors	O
suggest	O
that	O
deeper	O
excision	O
of	O
necrotic	B-PROC
tissue	B-ANAT
and	O
skin	B-ANAT
grafting	I-ANAT
as	O
well	O
as	O
appropriate	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
are	O
principal	O
measures	O
to	O
counteract	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

VIGOR	O
accurately	O
detects	O
the	O
complex	O
gene	O
features	O
like	O
ribonucleicacid	O
editing	O
,	O
stop	O
codon	O
leakage	B-DISO
and	O
ribosomal	B-COMP
shunting	O
.	O

To	O
describe	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
ICU	O
patients	O
with	O
pH1N1	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
during	O
the	O
spring	O
and	O
fall	O
of	O
2009	O
and	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
complications	O
including	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
majority	O
(	O
77	O
%)	O
of	O
154	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
an	O
ICU	O
were	O
<	O
50	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
and	O
65	O
%	O
had	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
underlying	O
medical	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
morbidly	O
obese	B-DISO
(	O
36	O
%	O
versus	O
19	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
and	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
were	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
asthma	B-PATH
(	O
11	O
%	O
versus	O
28	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Compared	O
with	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
treatment	O
≥	O
6	O
days	O
after	O
illness	O
onset	O
,	O
patients	O
treated	O
≤	O
2	O
days	O
after	O
illness	O
onset	O
were	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
develop	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
17	O
%	O
versus	O
37	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
or	O
die	O
(	O
7	O
%	O
versus	O
35	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
systemic	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
during	O
ECMO	O
is	O
recommended	O
and	O
thus	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
TBI	O
)	O
and	O
intracranial	B-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
are	O
well	O
-	O
accepted	O
contraindications	O
for	O
ECMO	O
therapy	O
.	O

We	O
compared	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	O
isolates	O
with	O
the	O
ATCC	O
-	O
VR740	O
strain	O
by	O
using	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
neutralizing	O
assays	O
consisting	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
particles	O
and	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
VSV	O
)-	O
pseudotyped	O
virus	B-SPEC
carrying	O
the	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Organ	B-ANAT
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
does	O
not	O
correlate	O
with	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
of	O
the	O
membrane	B-ANAT
-	O
anchored	O
or	O
secreted	B-PROC
isoforms	O
of	O
the	O
carcinoembryonic	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
complicating	O
dengue	B-DISO
haemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	B-PROC
.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
reported	O
case	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
haemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

All	O
patients	O
underwent	O
MDCT	O
of	O
the	O
thorax	B-ANAT
due	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

Adverse	O
outcome	O
measures	O
were	O
defined	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
or	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
ability	O
of	O
A77	O
-	O
1726	O
to	O
improve	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
function	O
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
ongoing	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
late	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
suggests	O
that	O
pyrimidine	B-CHED
synthesis	I-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
are	O
promising	O
therapeutic	O
candidates	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Purification	O
,	O
crystallization	O
and	O
preliminary	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
analysis	O
of	O
nonstructural	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
)	O
from	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
group	O
III	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
which	O
differ	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
groups	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
encode	O
the	O
essential	O
pathogenic	O
factor	O
nonstructural	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
instead	O
start	O
with	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
structural	O
details	O
and	O
functional	O
mechanism	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
nsp2	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
cloned	O
,	O
overexpressed	O
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	O
purified	O
and	O
crystallized	O
.	O

The	O
crystals	B-ANAT
diffracted	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
Å	O
resolution	O
and	O
belonged	O
to	O
space	O
group	O
P2	O
(	O
1	O
),	O
with	O
unit	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
parameters	O
a	O
=	O
57	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
b	O
=	O
192	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
c	O
=	O
105	O
.	O
7	O
Å	O
,	O
β	O
=	O
90	O
.	O
8	O
°.	O

Bone	B-ANAT
fractures	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
1	O
,	O
431	O
(	O
55	O
.	O
08	O
%)	O
patients	O
and	O
crush	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
23	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
89	O
%).	O

PP	O
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
was	O
safely	O
implemented	O
in	O
a	O
burn	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
14	O
survived	O
48	O
hours	O
(	O
78	O
%),	O
12	O
survived	O
28	O
days	O
(	O
67	O
%),	O
and	O
six	O
survived	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
(	O
33	O
%).	O

During	O
the	O
2010s	O
,	O
the	O
military	O
surgeons	O
promoted	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
hemostatic	B-PROC
regimen	O
which	O
consists	O
of	O
platelets	B-ANAT
,	O
RBC	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
FFP	O
in	O
a	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
ratio	O
.	O

This	O
syndrome	B-DISO
was	O
typically	O
seen	O
after	O
treatment	O
of	O
HS	O
and	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
abnormal	B-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
plus	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
thought	O
to	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
micro	O
-	O
and	O
macrothromboses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Even	O
though	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
affinity	O
on	O
neutralization	O
potency	O
is	O
well	O
documented	O
,	O
surprisingly	O
,	O
its	O
impact	O
on	O
neutralization	O
breadth	O
and	O
escape	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
systematically	O
determined	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
random	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
and	O
DNA	O
shuffling	O
of	O
the	O
single	O
-	O
chain	O
variable	O
fragment	O
of	O
the	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
80R	O
followed	O
by	O
bacterial	O
display	O
screening	O
using	O
anchored	O
periplasmic	B-COMP
expression	B-PROC
(	O
APEx	O
)	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
higher	O
-	O
affinity	O
variants	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)-	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
80R	O
with	O
equilibrium	B-PROC
dissociation	B-DISO
constants	O
(	O
K	O
(	O
D	O
))	O
as	O
low	O
as	O
37	O
pM	O
,	O
a	O
>	O
270	O
-	O
fold	O
improvement	O
relative	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
parental	O
80R	O
single	O
-	O
chain	O
variable	O
fragment	O
(	O
scFv	O
).	O

Escape	O
from	O
the	O
highest	O
-	O
affinity	O
variant	O
required	O
reduced	O
selective	O
pressure	O
and	O
multiple	O
substitutions	O
in	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
epitope	B-CHED
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
engineered	O
antibodies	B-COMP
with	O
picomolar	O
dissociation	B-DISO
constants	O
for	O
a	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	B-CHED
can	O
confer	O
escape	O
-	O
resistant	O
protection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
long	O
view	O
:	O
40	O
years	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
research	O
.	O

The	O
remit	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
is	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
specialist	O
reader	O
of	O
Avian	O
Pathology	B-DISO
with	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
research	O
carried	O
out	O
on	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
over	O
the	O
40	O
years	O
since	O
the	O
journal	O
was	O
first	O
published	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
quantitative	O
and	O
qualitative	O
measures	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
intrinsic	O
disorder	O
in	O
species	B-SPEC
with	O
known	O
genomes	O
are	O
still	O
not	O
available	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
correlation	O
between	O
high	O
fraction	O
of	O
disordered	O
residues	O
and	O
advanced	O
species	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
reported	O
,	O
the	O
details	O
of	O
this	O
correlation	O
and	O
the	O
connection	O
between	O
the	O
disorder	O
content	O
and	O
proteome	O
complexity	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
reported	O
as	O
of	O
yet	O
.	O

We	O
are	O
showing	O
here	O
that	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
widest	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
proteome	O
disorder	O
content	O
(	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
disordered	O
residues	O
ranges	O
from	O
7	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
in	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
NL63	O
to	O
77	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
in	O
Avian	B-SPEC
carcinoma	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
).	O

This	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
increased	O
disorder	O
content	O
in	O
eukaryotic	O
proteomes	O
might	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
nature	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
increased	O
cell	B-COMP
complexity	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
cellular	B-COMP
compartments	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
),	O
causes	O
acute	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
in	O
its	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
provides	O
a	O
useful	O
model	O
for	O
understanding	O
virus	B-SPEC
interaction	O
with	O
liver	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Without	O
concrete	O
metrics	O
,	O
IHR	O
may	O
waste	O
its	O
considerable	O
promise	O
as	O
an	O
instrument	O
for	O
global	O
health	O
security	O
against	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
National	O
survey	O
of	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
-	O
associated	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
in	O
Japanese	O
children	O
.	O

Febrile	B-DISO
convulsion	I-DISO
was	O
noted	O
at	O
a	O
higher	O
rate	O
in	O
medical	O
past	O
-	O
history	O
in	O
cases	O
without	O
sequelae	O
(	O
40	O
of	O
the	O
149	O
cases	O
;	O
27	O
%)	O
than	O
in	O
serious	O
cases	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
epilepsy	O
and	O
mental	B-DISO
retardation	I-DISO
were	O
observed	O
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
serious	O
cases	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
causes	O
robust	O
downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
cellular	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
effect	O
on	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
is	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

This	O
deletion	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
observed	O
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PRCoV	O
)	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
correlates	O
with	O
reduced	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

All	O
specimens	O
were	O
also	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
other	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
newly	O
identified	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBoV	O
).	O

All	O
4	O
non	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
HCoVs	O
were	O
more	O
frequently	O
detected	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
URTI	B-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
led	O
to	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
DNA	O
block	B-CHED
copolymers	I-CHED
:	O
functional	O
materials	O
for	O
nanoscience	O
and	O
biomedicine	O
.	O

Synthetic	O
macromolecules	B-CHED
have	O
changed	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
currently	O
play	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
all	O
aspects	O
of	O
daily	O
life	O
.	O

To	O
fulfill	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
modern	O
life	O
,	O
polymers	B-CHED
and	O
their	O
composites	O
have	O
become	O
increasingly	O
complex	O
.	O

The	O
microphase	O
separation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
individual	O
polymer	B-CHED
components	O
and	O
the	O
resulting	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
well	O
defined	O
nanosized	O
domains	O
provide	O
a	O
broad	O
range	O
of	O
new	O
materials	O
with	O
various	O
properties	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chinese	B-SPEC
hamster	I-SPEC
ovary	I-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
lines	O
selected	O
for	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
ebolavirus	B-SPEC
glycoprotein	B-CHED
mediated	O
infection	O
are	O
defective	O
for	O
NPC1	B-DISO
expression	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ebolavirus	B-SPEC
causes	O
severe	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
non	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
primates	B-SPEC
.	O

Susceptibility	O
to	O
vectors	O
carrying	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
S	I-PRGE
or	O
VSV	O
-	O
G	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
suggests	O
that	O
endocytic	O
and	O
processing	O
pathways	B-PROC
utilized	O
by	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
intact	O
in	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
paper	O
describes	O
the	O
molecular	O
detection	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
flocked	O
swabs	O
(	O
flocked	O
swabs	O
)	O
and	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
washes	O
(	O
washes	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
clinical	O
setting	O
.	O

A	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
,	O
function	O
,	O
and	O
relevance	O
of	O
MPs	O
may	O
give	O
rise	O
to	O
new	O
promising	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
to	O
modulate	O
coagulation	B-PROC
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
function	O
,	O
and	O
permeability	O
either	O
through	O
removal	O
or	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
""""	O
detrimental	O
""""	O
MPs	O
or	O
through	O
administration	O
or	O
stimulation	O
of	O
""""	O
favorable	O
""""	O
MPs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
NL63	O
,	O
a	O
newly	O
discovered	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ALRTI	O
).	O

The	O
underlying	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
are	O
still	O
largely	O
undefined	O
.	O

Effects	O
of	O
PTX3	B-PRGE
on	O
viral	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
infectivity	O
were	O
determined	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

PTX3	B-PRGE
deficiency	O
enhanced	O
early	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
that	O
interferes	O
with	O
the	O
nucleic	O
acid	O
unwinding	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
.	O

SSYA10	O
-	O
001	O
did	O
not	O
inhibit	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCV	B-SPEC
)	O
helicase	O
,	O
other	O
bacterial	O
and	O
viral	O
RNA	O
-	O
dependent	O
RNA	B-PRGE
polymerases	I-PRGE
,	O
or	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
SSYA10	O
-	O
001	O
specifically	O
blocks	O
nsp13	O
through	O
a	O
novel	O
mechanism	O
and	O
is	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
interfere	O
with	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
enzymes	O
that	O
process	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
or	O
ATP	B-CHED
.	O

Hence	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
SSYA10	O
-	O
001	O
inhibits	O
unwinding	O
by	O
nsp13	O
by	O
affecting	O
conformational	O
changes	O
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
reaction	O
or	O
translocation	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
.	O

In	O
all	O
patients	O
,	O
foam	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
target	O
vessels	B-ANAT
at	O
C	O
-	O
arm	B-ANAT
CT	O
.	O

Although	O
being	O
extremely	O
rare	O
,	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
in	O
an	O
infant	O
;	O
therefore	O
,	O
physicians	O
in	O
endemic	O
countries	O
should	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
necessity	O
for	O
early	O
recognition	O
and	O
prompt	O
treatment	O
of	O
suspected	O
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Type	O
I	O
interferons	O
(	O
IFNα	O
/	O
β	O
)	O
provide	O
a	O
primary	O
defense	O
against	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
microglia	B-ANAT
,	O
oligodendroglia	B-ANAT
were	O
characterized	O
by	O
low	O
basal	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
mRNA	B-CHED
encoding	O
viral	O
RNA	O
sensing	O
pattern	O
recognition	O
receptors	O
(	O
PRRs	B-DISO
),	O
IFNα	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
chains	I-PRGE
,	O
interferon	B-PRGE
sensitive	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
(	O
ISG	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
kinases	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
factors	O
critical	O
in	O
IFNα	O
/	O
β	O
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

Although	O
PRRs	B-DISO
and	O
ISGs	O
were	O
upregulated	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
both	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
,	O
the	O
repertoire	O
and	O
absolute	O
mRNA	B-CHED
levels	O
were	O
more	O
limited	O
in	O
oligodendroglia	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
leptospirosis	O
,	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
hemorrhagic	O
syndrome	B-DISO
has	O
replaced	O
Weil	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
as	O
the	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
mortality	O
,	O
with	O
rates	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
75	O
%.	O

Four	O
men	O
,	O
all	O
farmers	O
,	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
between	O
August	O
2009	O
and	O
July	O
2010	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Data	O
of	O
20	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
serum	B-COMP
proteomic	O
features	O
and	O
ten	O
serological	O
variables	O
from	O
38	O
SARS	B-DISO
adult	O
patients	O
before	O
treatment	O
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
.	O

After	O
purification	O
by	O
cation	B-CHED
-	O
exchange	O
chromatography	O
and	O
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
,	O
proteomic	O
features	O
of	O
m	O
/	O
z	O
7769	O
and	O
m	O
/	O
z	O
8865	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
platelet	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
PF4	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
beta	O
-	O
thromboglobulin	O
(	O
beta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TG	I-PRGE
)	O
by	O
tandem	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
TCRγδ	O
(+)	O
DN	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
liver	B-ANAT
CD3	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
was	O
markedly	O
increased	O
after	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Adoptive	O
transfer	O
of	O
TCRγδ	O
(+)	O
DN	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
led	O
to	O
dramatically	O
decreased	O
survival	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
accompanied	O
by	O
deteriorated	O
histopathology	O
and	O
elevated	O
ALT	B-FUNC
and	O
AST	B-PRGE
levels	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
liver	B-ANAT
TCRγδ	O
(+)	O
DN	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
play	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
-	O
induced	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
,	O
via	O
a	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
dependent	O
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Tracing	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
herds	O
based	O
on	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
diversity	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
BCoV	O
,	O
27	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
positive	O
samples	O
from	O
25	O
cattle	B-SPEC
herds	O
in	O
different	O
parts	O
of	O
Sweden	O
were	O
analysed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
a	O
poor	O
inducer	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
but	O
also	O
inhibits	O
the	O
efficient	O
induction	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
by	O
porcine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
synthetic	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
molecules	O
,	O
Poly	O
I	O
:	O
C	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
the	O
mechanistic	O
basis	O
by	O
which	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
interferes	O
with	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
in	O
its	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
remains	O
less	O
well	O
defined	O
.	O

Atypical	O
T	O
(	O
regs	O
)	O
express	O
FoxP3	B-PRGE
and	O
CD4	B-PRGE
but	O
have	O
no	O
surface	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CD25	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
function	O
of	O
inducible	O
T	O
(	O
regs	O
)	O
is	O
presumably	O
to	O
maintain	O
immune	O
homeostasis	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
chronic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
or	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Nineteen	O
deaths	B-PROC
occurred	O
,	O
13	O
of	O
which	O
had	O
a	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
viral	O
load	O
≥	O
log	O
4	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
HFNC	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
SARI	O
by	O
confirmed	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1v	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
testing	O
).	O

Many	O
,	O
if	O
not	O
most	O
,	O
of	O
all	O
important	O
zoonoses	O
relate	O
in	O
some	O
way	O
to	O
animals	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
food	O
production	O
chain	O
.	O

Examples	O
range	O
from	O
BSE	B-DISO
and	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
outbreaks	O
over	O
dioxin	B-CHED
crises	O
to	O
intentional	O
melamine	B-CHED
contamination	O
.	O

Food	O
related	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
separated	O
in	O
three	O
major	O
classes	O
:	O
parasites	O
,	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

While	O
parasites	O
often	O
relate	O
to	O
very	O
specific	O
animal	B-SPEC
hosts	B-COMP
and	O
contribute	O
significantly	O
to	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
burden	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
have	O
often	O
been	O
related	O
to	O
major	O
,	O
well	O
-	O
published	O
global	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
-	O
and	O
swine	B-SPEC
-	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Due	O
to	O
the	O
progress	O
of	O
targeted	O
recombination	B-PROC
and	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
technique	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
express	O
foreign	O
genes	O
using	O
coronaviruses	O
as	O
a	O
vector	O
via	O
its	O
unique	O
transcription	B-PROC
mechanism	O
.	O

By	O
modification	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNA	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
coronaviruse	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
efficient	O
(>	O
50	O
microg	O
/	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
)	O
and	O
stable	O
(>	O
30	O
passages	O
)	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
foreign	O
gene	O
.	O

Of	O
17	O
autopsies	O
,	O
13	O
revealed	O
that	O
death	B-PROC
could	O
be	O
attributed	O
to	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
;	O
in	O
the	O
remaining	O
4	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
other	O
than	O
malaria	B-PATH
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
primary	O
complication	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
in	O
which	O
malaria	B-PATH
contributed	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
interalveolar	O
space	O
(	O
6	O
cases	O
).	O

Experts	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
""""	O
species	B-SPEC
jumps	O
""""	O
is	O
bound	O
to	O
increase	O
as	O
populations	O
increase	O
and	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
travel	O
between	O
continents	O
accelerates	O
.	O

Typical	O
pandemic	O
timelines	O
no	O
longer	O
apply	O
.(	O
1	O
)	O
Pandemic	O
H1N1	O
traveled	O
the	O
world	O
in	O
just	O
weeks	O
,	O
as	O
did	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
despite	O
major	O
efforts	O
to	O
contain	O
both	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pleural	B-ANAT
effusion	I-ANAT
following	O
ovarian	B-DISO
hyperstimulation	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cleistanthus	B-SPEC
collinus	O
poisoning	O
.	O

MEDLINE	O
(	O
PUBMED	O
)	O
and	O
Google	O
were	O
searched	O
for	O
published	O
papers	O
using	O
the	O
search	O
/	O
MeSH	O
terms	O
""""	O
Cleistanthus	B-SPEC
collinus	O
","""	O
""""	O
Euphorbiaceae	B-SPEC
","""	O
""""	O
Diphyllin	O
","""	O
""""	O
Cleistanthin	O
A	O
","""	O
Cleistanthin	O
B	O
""""	O
and	O
""""	O
Oduvanthalai	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
toxicity	O
results	O
in	O
renal	B-DISO
tubular	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
,	O
commonly	O
dRTA	O
,	O
with	O
resultant	O
hypokalemia	O
and	O
normal	O
anion	B-CHED
gap	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
seen	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
few	O
months	O
into	O
the	O
2009	O
influenza	O
pandemic	O
,	O
nine	O
European	O
countries	O
implemented	O
case	O
-	O
based	O
surveillance	O
of	O
hospitalised	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
assess	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
patient	O
characteristics	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
underlying	O
conditions	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
severity	O
level	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
infection	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
2010	O
-	O
2011	O
season	O
.	O

The	O
nsp12	O
preferentially	O
copied	O
homopolymeric	O
pyrimidine	B-CHED
RNA	O
templates	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
an	O
added	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
primer	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
fibrotic	O
cell	B-COMP
model	O
with	O
transforming	B-PRGE
growth	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
induction	O
,	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
A549	O
acquired	O
a	O
mesenchymal	O
phenotype	O
and	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
vimentin	B-COMP
expression	B-PROC
with	O
a	O
concomitant	O
decrease	O
of	O
E	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cadherin	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
measures	O
included	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
at	O
28th	O
day	O
,	O
respiratory	O
index	O
(	O
FiO2	O
/	O
PO2	B-PROC
),	O
dynamic	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
(	O
Cdyn	O
),	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
(	O
PaO2	O
),	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
(	O
PaCO2	O
),	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
parameters	O
,	O
vasoactive	O
drug	O
dose	O
and	O
lung	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
changes	O
.	O

Death	B-PROC
occurred	O
in	O
54	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
total	O
mortality	O
was	O
36	O
.	O
7	O
%.	O

PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
and	O
Cdyn	O
were	O
improved	O
after	O
2	O
hours	O
CBP	O
treatment	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
before	O
CBP	O
treatment	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
parameters	O
including	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
FiO2	O
),	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PiP	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
positive	O
end	O
expiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
were	O
reduced	O
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
on	O
CBP	B-PRGE
treatment	O
group	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
treatment	O
group	O
were	O
37	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
and	O
36	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
the	O
difference	O
was	O
not	O
significant	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Twenty	O
-	O
three	O
infants	O
with	O
ventricular	B-DISO
septal	I-DISO
defect	I-DISO
(	O
VSD	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

Ten	O
infant	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
group	O
were	O
given	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
by	O
tracheal	O
instillation	O
during	O
mechanical	O
ventilating	O
postoperatively	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
first	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
heart	B-ANAT
surgery	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
a	O
more	O
increased	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
from	O
89	O
.	O
36	O
±	O
12	O
.	O
69	O
to	O
285	O
±	O
16	O
.	O
51	O
)	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
treatment	O
group	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
from	O
93	O
.	O
71	O
±	O
11	O
.	O
82	O
to	O
133	O
±	O
19	O
.	O
62	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

ICU	O
stay	O
time	O
of	O
treatment	O
group	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
90	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
34	O
)	O
d	O
was	O
shorter	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
control	O
group	O
[(	O
6	O
.	O
18	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
90	O
)	O
d	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
].	O
Two	O
infants	O
of	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
none	O
in	O
treatment	O
group	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
satisfactory	O
curative	O
effect	O
was	O
observed	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
PS	O
intratracheal	O
instillation	O
after	O
heart	B-ANAT
surgery	O
under	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
bypass	O
in	O
infant	O
patients	O
.	O

Improved	O
outcome	O
from	O
using	O
ECMO	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
reported	O
worldwide	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
15	O
%	O
to	O
over	O
50	O
%	O
in	O
recent	O
reviews	O
.(	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
)	O
The	O
rationale	O
of	O
this	O
therapy	O
is	O
to	O
allow	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
to	O
heal	B-PROC
,	O
minimizing	O
further	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
from	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
.(	O
3	O
,	O
4	O
)	O
We	O
describe	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
extensive	O
barotrauma	O
supported	O
by	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
for	O
96	O
days	O
in	O
a	O
resource	O
-	O
limited	O
center	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
is	O
low	O
,	O
the	O
A	O
:	O
G	O
ratio	O
is	O
useful	O
to	O
rule	O
out	O
FIP	B-DISO
but	O
is	O
not	O
helpful	O
in	O
making	O
a	O
positive	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

Timely	O
intervention	O
and	O
administration	O
of	O
Oseltamivir	B-CHED
may	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
modified	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
and	O
malignant	O
involvement	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
or	O
MDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enteropathogens	O
identified	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
entering	O
a	O
Florida	O
animal	B-SPEC
shelter	O
with	O
normal	O
feces	B-ANAT
or	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
enteropathogens	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
entering	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
shelter	O
with	O
normal	O
feces	B-ANAT
or	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
cats	B-SPEC
entered	O
the	O
shelter	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
enteropathogens	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
pathogenic	O
or	O
zoonotic	O
.	O

Dogs	B-SPEC
entered	O
the	O
shelter	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
enteropathogens	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
pathogenic	O
or	O
zoonotic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
virus	O
infections	B-DISO
cause	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
discusses	O
recent	O
progress	O
in	O
studies	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
during	O
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
arterivirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
emphasis	O
on	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
interactions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
are	O
enveloped	O
positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	O
that	O
replicate	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiologic	O
features	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
who	O
survived	O
and	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
because	O
of	O
pandemic	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
reported	O
in	O
Santa	O
Fe	O
,	O
Argentina	B-SPEC
,	O
from	O
May	O
to	O
July	O
2009	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
242	O
cases	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
mean	O
age	O
was	O
27	O
·	O
8	O
years	O
for	O
surviving	O
and	O
39	O
·	O
6	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Of	O
the	O
242	O
patients	O
,	O
68	O
%	O
had	O
findings	O
consistent	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
zinc	B-CHED
salts	B-CHED
against	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Shortly	O
after	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
and	O
the	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
the	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
caused	O
significant	O
vibrations	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
authorities	O
and	O
stressed	O
the	O
health	O
systems	O
worldwide	O
.	O

To	O
further	O
analyze	O
this	O
functions	O
,	O
the	O
interaction	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
6	I-PRGE
with	O
other	O
viral	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
cellular	B-COMP
factors	O
has	O
been	O
analyzed	O
during	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infective	O
cycle	O
.	O

Risk	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
vivax	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
was	O
highest	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
followed	O
by	O
MODS	B-DISO
and	O
shock	O
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
A	O
retrospective	O
chart	O
review	O
of	O
patients	O
admitted	O
with	O
parasitologically	O
confirmed	O
malaria	B-PATH
between	O
January	O
and	O
December	O
2010	O
.	O

Our	O
outcome	O
measures	O
for	O
this	O
study	O
included	O
survival	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
length	O
of	O
ECLS	O
run	O
,	O
days	O
undergoing	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
days	O
in	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
,	O
total	O
length	O
of	O
hospital	O
stay	O
,	O
adjunct	O
therapies	O
and	O
procedures	O
,	O
and	O
complications	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
controls	O
,	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
positive	O
granulocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
was	O
higher	O
among	O
sick	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
especially	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
diseases	O
other	O
than	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
high	O
serum	B-COMP
AGP	O
concentration	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
leucocytosis	B-DISO
or	O
that	O
were	O
FCoV	O
-	O
seropositive	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
AGP	O
-	O
positive	O
leucocytes	B-ANAT
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
feline	B-SPEC
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
especially	O
during	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
three	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assays	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
:	O
evaluation	O
of	O
xTAG	O
respiratory	O
virus	O
panel	O
fast	B-FUNC
assay	O
,	O
RespiFinder	O
19	O
assay	O
and	O
RespiFinder	O
SMART	O
22	O
assay	O
.	O

Multiple	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
detected	O
in	O
16	O
TS	O
samples	O
(	O
32	O
%)	O
by	O
RespiFinder	O
-	O
19	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
To	O
compare	O
the	O
analytical	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
multiplex	O
assays	O
,	O
samples	O
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
13	O
different	O
quantified	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
10	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
to	O
10	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
copies	O
/	O
ml	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genomic	O
and	O
serological	O
detection	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Philippines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
disorders	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
nucleoprotein	O
specific	O
CTL	B-ANAT
response	O
is	O
generated	O
prior	O
to	O
serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-PRGE
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
acute	O
and	O
highly	O
contagious	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
serum	B-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
dramatically	O
increased	O
after	O
M41	O
challenge	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
H52	O
did	O
not	O
demonstrate	O
clinical	O
signs	O
or	O
histological	O
changes	O
post	O
challenge	O
with	O
M41	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clinicians	O
often	O
do	O
not	O
consider	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
viral	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
in	O
respiratory	O
infection	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
they	O
order	B-SPEC
diagnostics	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
or	O
recently	O
even	O
only	O
for	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
substantial	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
various	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
has	O
been	O
confirmed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
compared	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
16	O
NL63	O
strain	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
hCoVs	O
)	O
from	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
of	O
paediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
Colorado	O
,	O
USA	O
,	O
and	O
characterized	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
associated	O
with	O
circulating	O
NL63	O
viruses	B-SPEC
over	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
.	O

Perinatal	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
ROP	B-DISO
were	O
assessed	O
using	O
univariate	O
and	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
.	O

Infants	O
who	O
progressed	O
to	O
stage	O
3	O
ROP	B-DISO
were	O
given	O
laser	B-SPEC
therapy	O
.	O

Univariate	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
ROP	B-DISO
and	O
gestational	O
age	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
),	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
018	O
),	O
and	O
frequency	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusions	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
030	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protective	O
ventilation	O
in	O
experimental	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
after	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	O
injury	O
:	O
a	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
.	O

The	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
of	O
adequate	O
pH	O
or	O
PaCO2	O
with	O
minimal	O
V	O
(	O
T	O
),	O
and	O
high	O
/	O
safe	O
P	O
(	O
PLAT	O
)	O
resulting	O
in	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
avoidance	O
of	O
known	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
damaging	O
phenomena	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
new	O
hosts	B-COMP
in	O
paediatric	O
-	O
very	O
low	O
birthweight	O
infants	O
,	O
immunosuppressed	O
patients	O
-	O
is	O
evaluated	O
.	O

The	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
40S	I-PRGE
ribosome	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
further	O
induces	O
an	O
endonucleolytic	O
cleavage	B-PROC
near	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
UTR	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
mRNA	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Implications	O
of	O
altered	O
replication	O
fidelity	O
on	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
fidelity	O
may	O
result	O
from	O
a	O
multi	O
-	O
protein	B-COMP
complex	I-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
multiple	O
pathways	B-PROC
to	O
disrupt	O
or	O
alter	O
virus	B-SPEC
fidelity	O
and	O
diversity	O
,	O
and	O
attenuate	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Impaired	B-DISO
gas	I-DISO
exchange	I-DISO
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
accompanied	O
by	O
progressive	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
desaturation	O
,	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
,	O
uncompensated	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
hyperkalemia	O
,	O
and	O
polycythemia	B-DISO
.	O

Postnatal	O
period	O
is	O
critical	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
neuro	O
--	O
hypothalamic	B-ANAT
circuits	O
involved	O
in	O
appetite	B-PROC
control	I-PROC
--	O
nutritional	O
programming	O
--	O
in	O
which	O
leptin	B-PRGE
,	O
present	O
in	O
breast	B-ANAT
milk	I-ANAT
,	O
appears	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
decisive	O
role	O
.	O

An	O
indirect	O
ELISA	O
using	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
as	O
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
established	O
to	O
screen	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
producing	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
those	O
patients	O
tracheobronchial	O
toilette	O
is	O
crucial	O
in	O
preventing	O
or	O
treating	O
airways	O
obstructed	O
by	O
secretions	B-ANAT
and	O
deterioration	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Bacteremia	B-DISO
and	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
can	O
complicate	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
and	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Two	O
British	O
siblings	O
in	O
the	O
mid	O
-	O
1980s	O
showed	O
nearly	O
constant	O
fecal	B-ANAT
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
subset	O
of	O
CoVs	O
uses	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
aminopeptidase	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
(	O
APN	B-PRGE
),	O
a	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
bound	O
metalloprotease	B-PRGE
,	O
as	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
receptor	O
.	O

In	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
envelope	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
mediates	O
the	O
attachment	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
to	O
APN	O
and	O
subsequent	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
blocked	O
by	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Our	O
results	O
provide	O
a	O
compelling	O
view	O
on	O
CoV	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
and	O
immune	O
neutralization	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
aid	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
antivirals	B-CHED
or	O
CoV	O
vaccines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Origin	O
,	O
diversity	O
,	O
and	O
maturation	B-PROC
of	O
human	B-PRGE
antiviral	B-CHED
antibodies	B-COMP
analyzed	O
by	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
sequencing	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Toxic	B-DISO
megacolon	I-DISO
from	O
fulminant	O
Clostridium	B-DISO
difficile	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
topical	O
silver	B-CHED
sulphadiazine	I-CHED
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
an	O
unusual	O
case	O
of	O
TM	O
from	O
C	O
difficile	O
infection	B-DISO
induced	I-DISO
by	O
topical	O
silver	B-CHED
sulphadiazine	I-CHED
in	O
a	O
60	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
immune	O
-	O
bullous	O
pemphigus	B-DISO
vulgaris	I-DISO
.	O

Influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
treated	O
worldwide	O
mainly	O
by	O
neuraminidase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
(	O
NAIs	B-SPEC
).	O

Mouse	B-SPEC
survival	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
and	O
general	O
condition	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
20	O
days	O
after	O
inoculation	O
.	O

Viral	O
titer	O
and	O
cytokine	O
/	O
chemokine	O
levels	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
weight	O
,	O
pathological	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
O	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
CO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
pressures	O
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
titer	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
weight	O
and	O
cytokine	O
/	O
chemokine	O
responses	O
were	O
not	O
different	O
between	O
the	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
response	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
medicine	B-CHED
in	O
situations	O
of	O
multiple	O
victims	O
and	O
catastrophe	O
].	O

A	O
literature	O
search	O
for	O
studies	O
involving	O
the	O
seven	O
isolated	O
tanshinone	O
hits	O
showed	O
that	O
at	O
present	O
,	O
none	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
coronaviral	O
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
.	O

All	O
isolated	O
compounds	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
7	O
)	O
act	O
as	O
time	O
dependent	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
PL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
),	O
but	O
no	O
improved	O
inhibition	B-PROC
was	O
observed	O
following	O
preincubation	O
with	O
the	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
).	O

These	O
findings	O
provide	O
potential	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
replication	O
.	O

Th17	O
associated	O
cytokines	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
21	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
22	I-FUNC
,	O
were	O
also	O
increased	O
significantly	O
at	O
72	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
introduce	O
a	O
constraint	O
in	O
Richards	O
model	O
to	O
address	O
over	O
fitting	B-DISO
problem	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
existing	O
studies	O
and	O
then	O
apply	O
our	O
method	O
with	O
constraint	O
to	O
conduct	B-PROC
some	O
validation	O
analysis	O
using	O
the	O
data	O
of	O
recent	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
prototype	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
Canada	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
outbreak	O
,	O
GTA	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
Singapore	O
2005	O
dengue	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
and	O
Taiwan	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sequence	O
alignment	O
of	O
viral	O
channel	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
cellular	B-COMP
ion	B-FUNC
channels	I-FUNC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
anaemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
infectious	B-SPEC
bursal	I-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
on	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
genotypic	O
drift	O
.	O

The	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
Ark	O
vaccine	O
was	O
applied	O
ocularly	O
and	O
tears	B-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
from	O
infected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
for	O
subsequent	O
ocular	B-PROC
inoculation	O
in	O
later	O
passages	O
.	O

The	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
receiver	O
operating	O
characteristic	O
curve	O
for	O
serum	B-COMP
CC16	O
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
0	O
.	O
79	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
97	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0011	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emergence	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
genotype	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Egypt	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
One	O
health	O
:	O
the	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
experience	O
with	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

Surveillance	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
has	O
provided	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
the	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
reverse	O
zoonosis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
pandemic	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
humans	B-SPEC
to	O
swine	B-SPEC
and	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
novel	O
reassortant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
within	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
in	O
breath	B-ANAT
-	O
hold	O
divers	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
After	O
repetitive	O
deep	O
dives	O
,	O
breath	B-ANAT
-	O
hold	O
divers	O
are	O
often	O
affected	O
by	O
a	O
syndrome	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
typical	O
symptoms	O
such	O
as	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
sensation	B-PROC
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
constriction	B-COMP
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
striated	O
expectorate	B-PROC
(	O
hemoptysis	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
,	O
rarely	O
,	O
an	O
overt	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
often	O
together	O
with	O
various	O
degrees	O
of	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Epidemiological	O
profile	O
of	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
cases	O
in	O
the	O
south	O
of	O
Santa	O
Catarina	O
state	O
,	O
Brazil	O
,	O
in	O
2009	O
].	O

H1N1	O
cases	O
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
laboratory	O
testing	O
(	O
positive	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
or	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
characteristic	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

H1N1	O
cases	O
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
laboratory	O
testing	O
(	O
positive	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
or	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
characteristic	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diagnostic	O
accuracy	O
of	O
the	O
Rivalta	O
test	O
for	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
population	O
was	O
determined	O
,	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
specificity	O
,	O
and	O
PPV	B-CHED
and	O
NPV	O
of	O
the	O
Rivalta	O
test	O
were	O
calculated	O
.	O

Of	O
851	O
cats	O
with	O
effusions	B-DISO
,	O
782	O
had	O
conclusively	O
positive	O
or	O
negative	O
results	O
for	O
the	O
Rivalta	O
test	O
.	O

Increased	O
effusion	B-DISO
cholesterol	B-CHED
concentration	O
and	O
specific	O
gravity	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
decreased	O
serum	B-PRGE
albumin	I-PRGE
:	I-PRGE
globulin	I-PRGE
ratio	O
and	O
hyperbilirubinemia	B-DISO
were	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
positive	O
Rivalta	O
test	O
results	O
.	O

Sensitivity	O
,	O
specificity	O
,	O
and	O
PPV	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
Rivalta	O
test	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
were	O
lower	O
than	O
previously	O
reported	O
except	O
when	O
used	O
in	O
young	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Increased	O
effusion	B-DISO
cholesterol	B-CHED
concentration	O
and	O
specific	O
gravity	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
decreased	O
serum	B-PRGE
albumin	I-PRGE
:	I-PRGE
globulin	I-PRGE
ratio	O
and	O
hyperbilirubinemia	B-DISO
were	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
positive	O
Rivalta	O
test	O
results	O
.	O

A	O
workflow	O
was	O
developed	O
consisting	O
of	O
an	O
optimized	O
fecal	B-ANAT
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
purification	O
and	O
multiplex	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
quantitative	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
)	O
for	O
single	O
tube	O
concurrent	O
detection	O
of	O
BCV	O
,	O
BRV	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
and	O
an	O
internal	O
control	O
to	O
monitor	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
purification	O
efficacy	O
and	O
PCR	O
reagent	B-CHED
functionality	O
.	O

Analytical	O
specificity	O
was	O
confirmed	O
using	O
Canine	O
and	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Giardia	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
and	O
noninfected	O
bovine	B-SPEC
purified	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
.	O

We	O
report	O
herein	O
the	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
of	O
three	O
compounds	O
possessing	O
a	O
common	O
dipeptidyl	O
residue	O
with	O
different	O
warheads	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
an	O
aldehyde	B-CHED
(	O
GC373	O
),	O
a	O
bisulfite	O
adduct	O
(	O
GC376	O
),	O
and	O
an	O
α	O
-	O
ketoamide	O
(	O
GC375	O
),	O
against	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
supercluster	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Monitoring	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
maturation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
by	O
calnexin	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
spike	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
(	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
),	O
a	O
key	O
molecule	O
for	O
viral	O
entry	O
,	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
calnexin	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
molecular	O
chaperone	O
in	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
),	O
but	O
not	O
to	O
calreticulin	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
homolog	O
of	O
calnexin	B-PRGE
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
N	O
-	O
glycosidase	O
F	O
(	O
PNGase	B-FUNC
F	I-FUNC
),	O
which	O
removes	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
glycan	I-CHED
side	O
chains	O
from	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
,	O
eliminated	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
S	O
-	O
pseudovirus	O
.	O

Greater	O
than	O
90	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
deaths	B-PROC
from	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
IAV	O
)	O
occur	O
in	O
the	O
elderly	O
(>	O
65	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
).	O

We	O
also	O
identified	O
a	O
potential	O
cellular	B-COMP
target	O
for	O
poly	O
(	O
I	O
·	O
C	O
)	O
by	O
showing	O
that	O
treatment	O
inhibited	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

30	O
kb	O
as	O
a	O
genome	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
wrapped	O
by	O
the	O
envelope	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
constitute	O
Nidovirales	B-SPEC
together	O
with	O
Arteriviridae	B-SPEC
.	O

Those	O
proteins	B-CHED
exhibit	O
different	O
functions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
,	O
helicase	B-PRGE
,	O
proteases	O
and	O
proteins	O
that	O
regulate	O
cellular	B-COMP
functions	O
,	O
mRNAs	O
smaller	O
than	O
mRNA	B-CHED
-	O
2	O
translate	O
in	O
general	O
the	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
integrated	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
envelope	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Truncated	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
PN185	I-PRGE
and	O
PN155b	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
E	O
.	O
Coli	O
are	O
better	O
antigen	B-CHED
candidates	O
used	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
immunochromatographic	O
strip	O
was	O
capable	O
of	O
specifically	O
detecting	O
PHE	B-CHED
-	O
CoV	O
with	O
a	O
HA	O
unit	O
of	O
2	O
within	O
10	O
min	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
its	O
high	O
specificity	O
,	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
and	O
stability	O
,	O
the	O
immunochromatographic	O
strip	O
would	O
be	O
suitable	O
for	O
on	O
-	O
site	O
detection	O
of	O
PHE	B-CHED
-	O
CoV	O
for	O
surveillance	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
purposes	O
.	O

Lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
in	O
rat	B-SPEC
models	O
is	O
considered	O
similar	O
to	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
No	O
serologic	O
evidence	O
for	O
zoonotic	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
among	O
immunocompetent	O
adults	O
.	O

The	O
objectives	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
people	O
with	O
occupational	O
contact	O
with	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CRCoV	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
persons	O
with	O
no	O
dog	B-SPEC
exposure	O
.	O

We	O
enrolled	O
1006	O
children	O
less	O
than	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
of	O
whom	O
423	O
(	O
42	O
%),	O
428	O
(	O
42	O
%)	O
and	O
155	O
(	O
16	O
%)	O
had	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
and	O
unclassified	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Our	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
revise	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
using	O
a	O
conceptual	O
model	O
incorporating	O
reliability	O
and	O
validity	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
novel	O
iterative	O
approach	O
with	O
formal	B-CHED
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
definition	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Four	O
theoretically	O
effective	O
sequences	O
of	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
ORF	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
were	O
designed	O
and	O
selected	O
for	O
construction	O
of	O
shRNA	O
expression	B-PROC
plasmids	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
characterized	O
by	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
noninfluenza	O
group	O
tended	O
to	O
have	O
higher	O
overall	O
charges	O
,	O
including	O
significantly	O
higher	O
cost	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
herpes	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
negative	O
patients	O
with	O
Pneumocystis	B-DISO
jirovecii	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
levels	O
of	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
CK	B-ENZY
),	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MB	I-PRGE
(	O
CK	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
MB	I-FUNC
)	O
and	O
cardiac	B-PRGE
troponin	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
(	O
cTnI	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
milder	O
,	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
poisoning	O
groups	O
were	O
significantly	O
elevated	O
compared	O
by	O
the	O
healthy	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Notably	O
,	O
the	O
rapid	O
adaptive	O
genetic	B-DISO
change	I-DISO
in	O
BatCoV	B-PRGE
HKU10	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
by	O
~	O
40	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
divergence	O
after	O
recent	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
was	O
even	O
greater	O
than	O
the	O
~	O
20	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
divergence	O
between	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O

We	O
also	O
discuss	O
the	O
recent	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
novel	O
chemical	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
nsP13	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
our	O
recent	O
discovery	O
of	O
the	O
strong	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
by	O
natural	O
flavonoids	B-CHED
,	O
myricetin	B-CHED
and	O
scutellarein	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
compounds	O
will	O
serve	O
as	O
important	O
resources	O
for	O
the	O
future	O
development	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
medications	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
)	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PLpro	O
),	O
a	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
enzyme	I-PROC
,	O
demonstrates	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
)	O
regulatory	O
factor	O
3	O
and	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
,	O
reduction	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
induction	O
,	O
and	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Zoonoses	B-DISO
represent	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
risk	O
recently	O
pointed	O
out	O
by	O
the	O
spreading	O
of	O
previously	O
unknown	O
human	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
emerging	O
from	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoirs	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
H5N1	B-DISO
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

An	O
early	O
extensive	O
clinical	O
,	O
laboratory	O
,	O
and	O
imaging	O
evaluation	O
of	O
""""	O
at	O
risk	O
patients	O
""""	O
allows	O
a	O
correct	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
assessment	O
of	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
and	O
calculation	O
of	O
prognostic	O
indices	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
a	O
careful	O
treatment	O
can	O
be	O
planned	O
.	O

Revaluation	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
on	O
the	O
third	O
day	O
of	O
evolution	B-PROC
(	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
(	O
SOFA	O
),	O
biomarkers	O
and	O
response	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
therapy	O
)	O
allows	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
initial	O
treatment	O
plans	O
and	O
can	O
help	O
decrease	O
ARDS	B-DISO
mortality	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
treated	O
with	O
infusions	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CD20	I-PRGE
therapy	O
(	O
rituximab	O
):	O
his	O
clinical	O
conditions	O
improved	O
very	O
rapidly	O
and	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
was	O
detected	O
using	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
computerized	O
tomography	O
(	O
HRCT	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
thorax	B-ANAT
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
tests	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
a	O
hospital	O
-	O
wide	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
promotion	O
strategy	O
on	O
healthcare	O
-	O
associated	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
period	O
confirmed	O
that	O
this	O
practice	O
was	O
not	O
sustainable	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
whey	O
acidic	O
protein	B-CHED
family	B-SPEC
member	O
,	O
WFDC1	B-PRGE
/	O
ps20	B-PRGE
is	O
a	O
permissivity	O
factor	O
in	O
HIV	B-PATH
infection	I-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
viral	O
RNA	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
of	O
ultra	O
-	O
low	O
copy	O
samples	O
by	O
sequence	O
-	O
independent	O
amplification	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
N50	O
could	O
induce	O
significant	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
response	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
DNA	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
splenocytes	O
by	O
the	O
means	O
of	O
ELISA	O
,	O
ELISPOT	O
and	O
FACS	O
.	O

This	O
allows	O
a	O
target	O
tidal	O
volume	O
to	O
be	O
set	O
based	O
on	O
automatic	O
changes	O
in	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
.	O

In	O
cases	O
such	O
as	O
this	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
requiring	O
full	O
-	O
time	O
noninvasive	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
therapy	O
also	O
show	O
sleep	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
disordered	I-DISO
breathing	B-PROC
,	O
different	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
must	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
waking	B-PROC
and	O
sleeping	B-PROC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Henoch	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Schonlein	I-DISO
purpura	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
mild	O
disease	O
in	O
the	O
eastern	O
province	O
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
and	O
with	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
epidemic	O
and	O
clinical	O
profile	O
than	O
that	O
reported	O
elsewhere	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
disease	O
emergence	O
from	O
wildlife	O
,	O
wildlife	O
and	O
habitat	O
should	O
be	O
conserved	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
will	O
preserve	O
vital	O
ecosystem	O
structure	O
and	O
function	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
broader	O
implications	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
wellbeing	O
and	O
environmental	O
sustainability	O
,	O
while	O
simultaneously	O
minimizing	O
the	O
spillover	O
of	O
pathogens	O
from	O
wild	O
animals	O
into	O
human	B-SPEC
beings	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
AJ1102	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
suckling	O
piglet	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
will	O
help	O
toward	O
understanding	O
the	O
molecular	O
and	O
evolutionary	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
whole	O
genome	O
revealed	O
that	O
CHGD	O
-	O
01	O
shared	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
identities	O
of	O
98	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
98	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
with	O
two	O
other	O
Chinese	O
isolates	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
thus	O
constituting	O
a	O
new	O
cluster	O
.	O

Its	O
ORF3	O
and	O
nucleoprotein	O
genes	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
were	O
divergent	O
from	O
all	O
other	O
sequenced	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
clusters	B-CHED
and	O
therefore	O
formed	O
a	O
new	O
group	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
new	O
variant	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Daily	O
fluid	O
intake	O
of	O
patients	O
showed	O
a	O
tendency	O
of	O
decrease	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
from	O
PBD	B-DISO
3	O
to	O
10	O
.	O

Daily	O
fluid	O
output	O
of	O
patients	O
showed	O
a	O
tendency	O
of	O
increase	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
from	O
PBD	B-DISO
3	O
to	O
10	O
.	O

Fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
was	O
lower	O
in	O
treatment	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
control	O
group	O
from	O
PBD	B-DISO
3	O
to	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
showed	O
statistically	O
significant	O
differences	O
on	O
PBD	B-DISO
4	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
and	O
6	O
(	O
with	O
F	O
values	O
from	O
4	O
.	O
799	O
to	O
8	O
.	O
031	O
,	O
P	O
values	O
below	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Lung	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
stream	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
respectively	O
observed	O
in	O
1	O
and	O
4	O
patient	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
in	O
treatment	O
group	O
,	O
and	O
9	O
and	O
11	O
patients	O
in	O
control	O
group	O
from	O
PBD	B-DISO
7	O
to	O
14	O
.	O

This	O
strategy	O
may	O
be	O
also	O
beneficial	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
complications	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
better	O
prognosis	O
in	O
severely	O
burned	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transplantation	O
of	O
syngeneic	O
neural	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
NPCs	O
)	O
into	O
mice	B-SPEC
persistently	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
JHMV	O
)	O
results	O
in	O
enhanced	O
differentiation	B-PROC
into	O
oligodendrocyte	B-ANAT
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
that	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
remyelination	B-PROC
,	O
axonal	O
sparing	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
improvement	O
.	O

Cultured	O
NPCs	O
constitutively	O
expressed	B-PROC
the	O
costimulatory	O
molecules	O
CD80	B-PRGE
/	O
CD86	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
treatment	O
induced	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
MHC	B-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
I	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
strongly	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
PGRN	O
could	O
effectively	O
ameliorate	O
the	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
potential	O
application	O
for	O
PGRN	O
-	O
based	O
therapy	O
to	O
treat	O
clinical	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Upper	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infection	O
(	O
URTI	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
reason	O
for	O
hospitalization	O
in	O
childhood	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
84	O
(	O
51	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
patients	O
by	O
VRDAL	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
,	O
and	O
8	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
of	O
cases	O
were	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
84	O
(	O
51	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
patients	O
by	O
VRDAL	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
,	O
and	O
8	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
of	O
cases	O
were	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
multiplex	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
mRT	B-ANAT
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
was	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CDV	B-CHED
),	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CRCoV	O
)	O
and	O
canine	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CIV	B-SPEC
).	O

Therefore	O
,	O
this	O
assay	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
better	O
alternative	O
for	O
the	O
definitive	O
and	O
simultaneous	O
ante	O
-	O
mortem	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
that	O
cause	O
CIRD	O
by	O
using	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)),	O
which	O
controls	O
replication	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
drug	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
diarylheptanoids	O
1	O
-	O
9	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
Alnus	B-SPEC
japonica	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
activities	O
of	O
these	O
compounds	O
against	O
PL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
were	O
determined	O
.	O

Animals	B-SPEC
were	O
divided	O
into	O
eight	O
groups	O
:	O
sham	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
);	O
model	O
(	O
injury	O
only	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
);	O
normal	O
saline	O
(	O
NS	O
)	O
aerosol	O
driven	O
by	O
compressed	O
air	B-CHED
(	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
NS	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
13	O
);	O
PS	O
aerosol	O
driven	O
by	O
compressed	O
air	B-CHED
(	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
PS	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
13	O
);	O
NS	O
aerosol	O
driven	O
by	O
O2	O
(	O
O2	O
-	O
NS	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
13	O
);	O
PS	O
aerosol	O
driven	O
by	O
O2	O
(	O
O2	O
-	O
PS	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
13	O
);	O
Dex	O
aerosol	O
driven	O
by	O
O2	O
(	O
O2	O
-	O
Dex	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
13	O
);	O
and	O
PS	O
and	O
Dex	O
aerosol	O
driven	O
by	O
O2	O
(	O
O2	O
-	O
PS	O
-	O
Dex	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
13	O
).	O

Animals	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
PS	O
for	O
20	O
minutes	O
had	O
significantly	O
improved	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
reduced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
decreased	O
concentration	O
of	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
in	O
BALF	O
,	O
ameliorated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
improved	O
animal	B-SPEC
survival	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
aerosolized	O
PS	O
generated	O
by	O
the	O
noninvasive	O
apparatus	B-ANAT
could	O
significantly	O
reduce	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
while	O
using	O
oxygen	B-CHED
line	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
clinical	O
wards	O
to	O
generate	O
PS	O
aerosol	O
is	O
more	O
convenient	O
and	O
adds	O
further	O
benefits	O
.	O

These	O
steroids	B-CHED
may	O
cause	O
increased	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
promote	O
parenchymal	O
involvement	O
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
for	O
studies	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
light	O
of	O
viral	O
emergence	O
,	O
assessment	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
transmission	O
risks	O
,	O
and	O
regulatory	O
decision	O
making	O
.	O

the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
cloned	O
into	O
pQE	O
-	O
80L	O
vector	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
constructs	O
were	O
transformed	O
into	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
BL21	B-ANAT
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
the	O
specificity	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
IgG	B-PRGE
ELISA	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
IDUs	O
with	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
positive	O
is	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
questionable	O
.	O

All	O
urinary	O
samples	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
FCV	B-CHED
and	O
FCoV	O
.	O
One	O
(	O
1	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
FLUTD	O
cats	B-SPEC
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
positive	O
for	O
FHV	O
-	O
1	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
did	O
not	O
indicate	O
an	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
examined	O
and	O
signs	O
of	O
FLUTD	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
sample	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
genetic	O
variation	O
of	O
HBoV	O
in	O
Guangzhou	O
,	O
South	O
China	O
,	O
we	O
screened	O
3460	O
throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
1686	O
children	O
and	O
1774	O
adults	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
symptoms	O
for	O
HBoV	O
between	O
March	O
2010	O
and	O
February	O
2011	O
,	O
and	O
analyzed	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
2	O
HBoV	O
strains	O
.	O

Recombination	B-PROC
analysis	O
confirmed	O
that	O
HBoV	O
strain	O
GZ9081	O
was	O
an	O
intra	O
-	O
genotype	O
recombinant	O
strain	O
among	O
HBoV1	O
variants	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
pilot	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
disaster	O
medicine	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
required	O
course	O
work	O
of	O
medical	O
students	O
at	O
AAMC	O
schools	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
content	O
areas	O
addressed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Programmed	O
-	O
1	O
frameshifting	O
efficiency	O
correlates	O
with	O
RNA	O
pseudoknot	O
conformational	O
plasticity	O
,	O
not	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
mechanical	O
unfolding	O
.	O

Previous	O
work	O
has	O
suggested	O
that	O
frameshifting	O
efficiency	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
resistance	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
pseudoknot	O
against	O
mechanical	O
unfolding	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
neither	O
the	O
average	O
unfolding	O
force	O
,	O
nor	O
the	O
unfolding	O
kinetics	O
,	O
nor	O
the	O
parameters	O
describing	O
the	O
energy	O
landscape	O
for	O
mechanical	O
unfolding	O
of	O
the	O
pseudoknot	O
(	O
energy	O
barrier	O
height	O
and	O
distance	O
to	O
the	O
transition	B-DISO
state	O
)	O
could	O
be	O
correlated	O
to	O
frameshifting	O
efficiency	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Incidence	O
of	O
viral	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
causing	O
exacerbations	O
in	O
adult	O
cystic	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
is	O
essential	O
for	O
host	O
cell	B-COMP
attachment	I-COMP
,	O
neutralization	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

On	O
analysis	O
of	O
potential	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
sites	O
,	O
the	O
Ser542	O
and	O
Ser563	O
sites	O
were	O
not	O
present	O
in	O
Massachusetts	O
strains	O
,	O
while	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
isolates	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
Ser534	O
site	O
.	O

Massachusetts	O
and	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
strains	O
showed	O
different	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
motifs	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
very	O
few	O
bat	B-ENZY
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
or	O
reagents	B-CHED
available	O
for	O
investigating	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
cells	B-COMP
or	O
for	O
isolating	O
bat	B-ENZY
CoVs	O
adapted	O
to	O
specific	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
.	O

immunization	O
with	O
rADV	O
-	O
S	O
is	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
in	O
induction	O
of	O
a	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
of	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
presumably	O
protection	O
against	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
s	O
.	O
l	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
known	O
to	O
mediate	O
receptor	O
interaction	O
and	O
immune	O
recognition	O
and	O
thus	O
it	O
is	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
target	O
for	O
vaccine	O
design	O
.	O

The	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
receptor	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
method	O
described	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
allows	O
sensitive	O
detection	O
of	O
a	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
by	O
sandwich	O
ELISA	O
with	O
bi	O
-	O
specific	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
patients	O
suspected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
literature	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
multifaceted	O
clinical	O
picture	O
of	O
this	O
disease	O
attributable	O
to	O
genetic	O
variability	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Peculiarities	O
of	O
clinical	O
and	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
picture	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)].	O

The	O
final	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
examination	O
revealed	O
normalization	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
structure	I-ANAT
only	O
in	O
15	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
mostly	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
CT	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
informative	O
method	O
for	O
diagnostics	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
its	O
complications	O
during	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
).	O

At	O
48	O
h	O
post	O
transfection	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
medium	O
to	O
culture	O
the	O
transfected	O
BHK	O
-	O
21	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
harvested	O
and	O
inoculated	O
into	O
10	O
-	O
days	O
old	O
SPF	O
embryonated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
(	O
ECE	O
)	O
to	O
replicate	O
the	O
rescued	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
expanding	O
size	O
and	O
density	O
of	O
its	O
population	O
and	O
the	O
frequent	O
interaction	O
of	O
people	O
with	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
China	O
is	O
a	O
hotspot	O
for	O
the	O
emergence	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
new	O
microbial	O
threats	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
contributor	O
to	O
the	O
worldwide	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
burden	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
examines	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
misuse	O
and	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
resistance	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
Chinese	O
healthcare	O
system	O
.	O

Tuberculosis	B-DISO
remains	O
a	O
serious	O
problem	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
multidrug	O
-	O
resistant	O
and	O
extensively	O
drug	O
-	O
resistant	O
strains	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
effective	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
measures	O
and	O
strict	O
use	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
in	O
China	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
rise	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
resistance	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
(	O
NPA	B-CHED
)	O
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
1185	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
with	O
ALRTI	O
at	O
the	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Hunan	O
province	O
,	O
between	O
September	O
2008	O
and	O
October	O
2010	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
frequency	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
6	O
(	O
60	O
%)	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	O
positive	O
patients	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
summer	O
,	O
2	O
in	O
autumn	O
,	O
1	O
in	O
spring	O
and	O
winter	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Four	O
of	O
the	O
10	O
cases	O
had	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
,	O
4	O
cases	O
had	O
underlying	O
diseases	O
,	O
and	O
7	O
cases	O
had	O
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
NL63	O
infections	B-DISO
are	O
common	O
in	O
children	O
under	O
3	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
serological	O
evidence	O
of	O
previous	O
exposure	O
to	O
bovine	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
,	O
but	O
not	O
to	O
bovine	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
report	O
three	O
cases	O
of	O
sigmoid	B-ANAT
perforation	O
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
appearing	O
late	O
during	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

The	O
common	O
aetiological	O
factor	O
was	O
a	O
state	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
infusion	O
of	O
vasopressors	O
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
also	O
received	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
as	O
treatment	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
cases	O
underline	O
the	O
necessity	O
to	O
maintain	O
adequate	O
organ	B-ANAT
perfusion	O
and	O
to	O
prevent	O
intestinal	B-DISO
ischaemia	I-DISO
in	O
severe	O
burns	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
ICU	O
admission	O
,	O
the	O
sepsis	B-DISO
group	O
exhibited	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
urine	B-ANAT
sCD163	O
(	O
74	O
.	O
8	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
;	O
range	O
:	O
47	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
148	O
.	O
3	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
SIRS	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
31	O
.	O
9	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
;	O
16	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
48	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
On	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
ICU	O
admission	O
,	O
the	O
sepsis	B-DISO
group	O
exhibited	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
urine	B-ANAT
sCD163	O
(	O
74	O
.	O
8	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
;	O
range	O
:	O
47	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
148	O
.	O
3	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
SIRS	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
31	O
.	O
9	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
;	O
16	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
48	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
causes	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
that	O
often	O
leads	O
to	O
severe	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
lacking	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
have	O
greater	O
weight	O
loss	O
,	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
with	O
pre	O
-	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
-	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
lesions	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
altered	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
following	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
polarization	O
of	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
specifically	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
worsened	O
outcome	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
epoprostenol	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
less	O
expensive	O
alternative	O
to	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
in	O
ventilated	O
surgical	O
intensive	O
care	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

One	O
-	O
way	O
repeated	O
-	O
measures	O
analysis	O
of	O
variance	O
compared	O
improvements	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fourth	O
European	O
Conference	O
on	O
Infections	B-DISO
in	O
Leukaemia	B-DISO
(	O
ECIL	O
-	O
4	O
):	O
guidelines	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
human	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Identification	O
of	O
epitopes	O
on	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
will	O
be	O
helpful	O
in	O
the	O
elucidation	O
of	O
the	O
antigenic	O
properties	O
of	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
decade	O
of	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
has	O
witnessed	O
three	O
major	O
influenza	B-DISO
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
of	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
;	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
the	O
avian	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
of	O
2006	O
;	O
and	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
the	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

Use	O
of	O
corticosteroids	O
to	O
attenuate	O
inflammation	B-DISO
remains	O
controversial	O
.	O

We	O
provide	O
evidence	O
for	O
a	O
novel	O
mode	O
of	O
action	O
of	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
.	O

nsp1	B-PRGE
inhibited	O
the	O
translation	B-PROC
initiation	I-PROC
step	O
by	O
targeting	B-PROC
at	O
least	O
two	O
separate	O
stages	O
:	O
48S	O
initiation	O
complex	O
formation	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
steps	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
80S	B-PRGE
initiation	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
from	O
the	O
48S	B-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
.	O

nsp1	B-PRGE
had	O
a	O
differential	O
,	O
mRNA	B-CHED
template	O
-	O
dependent	O
,	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
on	O
48S	O
and	O
80S	O
initiation	O
complex	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
120	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
from	O
113	O
children	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
multi	O
-	O
epitope	B-CHED
based	O
peptide	B-CHED
EpiC	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
inducing	O
strong	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
EpiC	O
was	O
successfully	O
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
had	O
good	O
immunoreactivity	B-PROC
with	O
chicken	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IBV	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
.	O

Fusion	O
of	O
the	O
signal	O
pepitide	O
gene	O
SPusp45	O
and	O
the	O
nine	O
-	O
peptide	B-CHED
LEISSTCDA	O
encoding	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
to	O
EpiC	O
increased	O
the	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
EpiC	O
,	O
but	O
reduced	O
the	O
total	O
yields	O
of	O
EpiC	O
.	O
Oral	B-ANAT
immunization	O
to	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
chickens	B-SPEC
with	O
recombinant	O
strains	O
induced	O
significantly	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
provided	O
protection	O
against	O
lethal	O
dose	O
challenge	O
by	O
the	O
IBV	O
SAIBk	O
strain	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
feasible	O
to	O
use	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
lactis	I-SPEC
as	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
delivery	O
vehicle	O
in	O
developing	O
oral	B-ANAT
vaccines	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Conventional	O
and	O
molecular	O
epidemiologic	O
studies	O
have	O
confirmed	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
to	O
rapidly	O
evolve	O
and	O
successfully	O
circumvent	O
extensive	O
vaccination	O
programs	O
implemented	O
since	O
the	O
early	O
1950s	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
regulating	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
include	O
both	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
and	O
the	O
selection	O
process	O
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
generation	O
of	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
has	O
been	O
extensively	O
investigated	O
and	O
ultimately	O
involves	O
mutations	O
and	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
occurring	O
during	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
relevance	O
of	O
the	O
selection	O
process	O
has	O
been	O
further	O
understood	O
more	O
recently	O
by	O
identifying	O
genetic	O
and	O
phenotypic	O
differences	O
between	O
IBV	B-SPEC
populations	O
prior	O
to	O
,	O
and	O
during	O
,	O
replication	O
in	O
the	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

Some	O
scientists	O
have	O
used	O
or	O
adopted	O
the	O
related	O
quasispecies	O
frame	O
to	O
explain	O
IBV	B-SPEC
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

Understanding	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
is	O
of	O
basic	O
relevance	O
and	O
,	O
without	O
doubt	O
,	O
essential	O
to	O
appropriately	O
control	O
and	O
prevent	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
patient	O
,	O
a	O
man	B-CHED
aged	O
60	O
years	O
from	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
was	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
June	O
2012	O
and	O
died	B-PROC
;	O
the	O
second	O
patient	O
,	O
a	O
man	B-CHED
aged	O
49	O
years	O
from	O
Qatar	O
with	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
in	O
September	O
2012	O
was	O
transported	O
to	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
for	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

He	O
remains	O
hospitalized	O
on	O
life	O
support	O
with	O
both	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Updates	O
on	O
the	O
investigation	O
and	O
the	O
WHO	O
case	O
definition	O
are	O
available	O
at	O
http	O
://	O
www	O
.	O
who	O
.	O
int	O
/	O
csr	B-DISO
/	O
don	B-PRGE
/	O
en	O
/	O
index	O
.	O
html	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
this	O
genotype	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
several	O
other	O
European	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
France	O
,	O
Italy	O
,	O
Germany	O
,	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
,	O
Slovenia	O
,	O
and	O
Sweden	O
.	O

In	O
such	O
potentially	O
dangerous	O
situations	O
,	O
we	O
advocate	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
clamping	O
and	O
severing	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lobar	O
root	B-ANAT
structure	O
en	O
masse	O
.	O

Seven	O
patients	O
had	O
inflammatory	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
four	O
had	O
primary	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
carcinoma	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
one	O
had	O
suffered	B-DISO
blunt	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
.	O

They	O
are	O
most	O
well	O
studied	O
in	O
their	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
and	O
their	O
integral	O
role	O
in	O
mediating	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
and	O
otitis	B-DISO
media	I-DISO
are	O
two	O
such	O
disease	O
states	O
,	O
and	O
much	O
has	O
been	O
learned	B-PROC
about	O
the	O
various	O
effects	O
of	O
cytokines	O
in	O
each	O
disease	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
nine	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
having	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
43	O
cases	O
from	O
larynx	B-DISO
swabs	O
(	O
43	O
/	O
109	O
,	O
39	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

Specificity	O
of	O
the	O
PCR	O
and	O
DFA	B-CHED
methods	O
for	O
RSV	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
detected	O
as	O
97	O
%	O
and	O
100	O
%	O
respectively	O
.	O

Metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
was	O
also	O
frequent	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
was	O
not	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
common	O
agent	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Long	O
-	O
distance	O
RNA	O
-	O
RNA	O
interactions	O
in	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genome	O
form	O
high	O
-	O
order	B-SPEC
structures	O
promoting	O
discontinuous	O
RNA	O
synthesis	O
during	O
transcription	B-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
template	O
switch	O
requires	O
the	O
physical	O
proximity	O
of	O
RNA	O
genome	O
domains	O
located	O
between	O
20	O
,	O
000	O
and	O
30	O
,	O
000	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
apart	O
.	O

The	O
same	O
could	O
be	O
observed	O
comparing	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
non	O
-	O
COPD	B-DISO
healthy	O
smokers	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
).	O

Tissue	B-ANAT
detection	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
showed	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
significantly	O
overexpressed	O
in	O
COPD	B-DISO
smokers	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
COPD	B-DISO
nonsmokers	O
and	O
was	O
only	O
slightly	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
age	O
-	O
related	O
emphysema	B-DISO
.	O

As	O
αB	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
crystallin	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
regulator	O
of	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
and	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
inflammatory	I-CHED
agent	I-CHED
,	O
its	O
exact	O
role	O
in	O
COPD	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
therapy	O
should	O
be	O
explored	O
further	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
αB	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
crystallin	I-PRGE
is	O
increased	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
inflammatory	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Because	O
of	O
increased	O
overlap	O
and	O
potential	O
contact	O
with	O
domestic	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
conducted	O
a	O
retrospective	O
serosurvey	O
for	O
11	O
common	O
carnivore	O
pathogens	O
in	O
40	O
Geoffroy	B-SPEC
'	I-SPEC
s	I-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
(	O
Leopardus	B-SPEC
geoffroyi	I-SPEC
)	O
sampled	O
between	O
2000	O
and	O
2008	O
within	O
or	O
near	O
two	O
protected	O
areas	O
in	O
central	O
Argentina	B-SPEC
(	O
Lihué	O
Calel	O
National	O
Park	B-DISO
,	O
La	O
Pampa	O
,	O
and	O
Campos	O
del	O
Tuyú	O
National	O
Park	B-DISO
,	O
Buenos	O
Aires	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
five	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
and	O
11	O
domestic	O
dogs	B-SPEC
from	O
catde	O
ranches	O
adjacent	O
to	O
Lihué	O
Calel	O
Park	B-DISO
.	O

Domestic	O
dogs	B-SPEC
had	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CDV	B-CHED
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogens	O
of	O
wild	O
maned	O
wolves	O
(	O
Chrysocyon	B-SPEC
brachyurus	I-SPEC
)	O
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
following	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
commercial	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
,	O
we	O
sequenced	O
the	O
S1	O
and	O
N	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
of	O
thirteen	O
IBV	B-SPEC
field	O
isolates	O
collected	O
in	O
the	O
1960s	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
Mass	O
-	O
type	O
isolates	O
had	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
sequence	O
identity	O
in	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
compared	O
with	O
widely	O
used	O
modified	O
live	O
vaccines	O
(	O
Mass41	O
,	O
Ma5	B-PRGE
and	O
H120	O
)	O
and	O
modern	O
field	O
strains	O
from	O
the	O
USA	O
and	O
other	O
countries	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
common	O
ancestor	O
.	O

The	O
active	O
site	O
anchors	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
neutral	O
residue	O
of	O
peptides	B-CHED
/	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
channel	O
binds	B-FUNC
the	O
remainder	O
of	O
the	O
peptides	O
/	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
a	O
sequence	O
-	O
independent	O
fashion	O
.	O

For	O
decades	O
,	O
this	O
method	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
support	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
application	O
of	O
these	O
technologies	O
in	O
primary	B-DISO
graft	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
(	O
PGD	B-CHED
)	O
after	O
LTx	O
is	O
beyond	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
and	O
is	O
not	O
discussed	O
.	O

CLINICAL	O
APPLICATIONS	O
OF	O
EXTRACORPOREAL	O
LUNG	B-ANAT
SUPPORT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
support	O
technologies	O
[	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
Interventional	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Assist	O
(	O
ILA	O
)	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)]	O
have	O
been	O
advocated	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

As	O
a	O
bridge	O
to	O
LTx	O
-	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
irreversible	O
end	O
stage	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
requiring	O
LTx	O
.	O

EX	O
-	O
VIVO	O
LUNG	B-ANAT
PERFUSION	O
AND	O
ASSESSMENT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
the	O
evaluation	O
and	O
reconditioning	O
of	O
donor	B-CHED
lungs	B-ANAT
ex	O
-	O
vivo	O
has	O
been	O
introduced	O
into	O
clinical	O
practice	O
as	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
improving	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
donor	B-CHED
lung	B-ANAT
utilization	O
.	O

Problems	O
associated	O
with	O
cannulation	O
during	O
the	O
procedure	O
include	O
bleeding	B-DISO
around	O
the	O
cannulation	O
site	O
and	O
limb	B-ANAT
ischemia	B-DISO
distal	O
to	O
the	O
cannulation	O
site	O
.	O

In	O
their	O
study	O
,	O
12	O
patients	O
at	O
high	O
urgency	O
status	O
for	O
LTx	O
,	O
who	O
also	O
had	O
severe	O
ventilation	O
refractory	O
hypercapnea	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
were	O
connected	O
to	O
ILA	B-PRGE
prior	O
to	O
LTx	O
.	O

Airborne	O
transmission	O
is	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
pathogens	O
over	O
large	O
distances	O
through	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
room	O
air	B-CHED
cleaner	O
to	O
remove	O
airborne	O
pathogens	O
from	O
room	O
air	B-CHED
depends	O
on	O
several	O
factors	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
airflow	B-PROC
rate	O
through	O
the	O
unit	O
'	O
s	O
filter	O
and	O
the	O
airflow	B-PROC
patterns	O
in	O
the	O
room	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
room	O
air	B-CHED
cleaner	O
does	O
not	O
preclude	O
either	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
and	O
visitors	O
to	O
use	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
(	O
N95	O
mask	O
or	O
equivalent	O
)	O
when	O
entering	O
AII	O
rooms	O
or	O
health	O
care	O
facilities	O
from	O
meeting	O
current	O
regulatory	O
requirements	O
for	O
airflow	B-PROC
rates	O
(	O
ventilation	O
rates	O
)	O
in	O
buildings	O
and	O
airflow	B-PROC
differentials	O
for	O
effective	O
negative	O
-	O
pressure	O
rooms	O
.	O

The	O
cluster	O
ion	O
surrounds	O
the	O
airborne	O
particle	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
positive	O
and	O
negative	O
ions	B-CHED
react	O
to	O
form	O
hydroxyls	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
systematic	O
review	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
in	O
-	O
room	O
air	B-CHED
cleaners	O
with	O
built	O
in	O
UVGI	O
lights	O
and	O
HEPA	O
filtration	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
using	O
HEPA	O
filtration	O
only	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
existing	O
health	O
technology	O
assessments	O
on	O
air	B-CHED
cleaning	O
technology	O
located	O
during	O
the	O
literature	O
review	O
.	O

At	O
least	O
one	O
underlying	O
medical	O
condition	B-DISO
was	O
reported	O
in	O
70	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
for	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
strain	O
)	O
and	O
96	O
%	O
(	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
type	O
B	O
)	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

Predominating	O
preexisting	O
condition	B-DISO
was	O
coronary	B-DISO
heart	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
in	O
pregnancy	O
:	O
indications	O
for	O
delivery	O
and	O
maternal	O
and	O
perinatal	O
outcomes	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
were	O
delivered	O
during	O
hospitalization	O
vs	O
.	O
40	O
%	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
frequently	O
found	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
obstetric	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
/	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
emergent	O
cesarean	O
delivery	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Pyelonephritis	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
etiology	O
overall	O
(	O
37	O
%)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
organ	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
both	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
(	O
50	O
%)	O
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
80	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
On	O
22	O
September	O
2012	O
,	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
very	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
that	O
from	O
a	O
fatal	O
case	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
three	O
months	O
previously	O
,	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
a	O
previously	O
well	O
adult	O
transferred	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
in	O
London	O
from	O
Qatar	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

The	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
was	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
10	O
of	O
10	O
symptomatic	O
contacts	O
tested	O
.	O

We	O
recently	O
determined	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
NTD	O
complexed	O
with	O
its	O
protein	B-CHED
receptor	O
murine	B-SPEC
carcinoembryonic	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	O
1	O
(	O
CEACAM1	B-PRGE
),	O
which	O
surprisingly	O
revealed	O
a	O
human	B-PRGE
galectin	I-PRGE
(	O
galactose	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
lectin	I-PRGE
)	O
fold	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
NTD	O
.	O

So	O
far	O
,	O
no	O
drugs	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
RT	B-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
ribonuclease	I-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
function	O
(	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
),	O
which	O
plays	O
an	O
essential	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
HIV	B-DISO
replication	O
cycle	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Steroid	B-CHED
modulation	O
of	O
cytokine	O
release	B-PATH
and	O
desmosine	B-CHED
levels	O
in	O
bilateral	O
total	O
knee	B-ANAT
replacement	O
:	O
a	O
prospective	O
,	O
double	O
-	O
blind	O
,	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
.	O

We	O
had	O
found	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
in	O
patients	O
having	O
bilateral	O
total	O
knee	B-ANAT
replacement	O
who	O
received	O
two	O
doses	O
of	O
100	O
mg	O
of	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
eight	O
hours	O
apart	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
by	O
twenty	O
-	O
four	O
hours	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
levels	O
were	O
equal	O
to	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
that	O
received	O
a	O
placebo	O
.	O

Pain	O
scores	O
at	O
twenty	O
-	O
four	O
hours	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
group	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
versus	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
as	O
was	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
11	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
versus	O
47	O
.	O
1	O
%;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

The	O
significantly	O
lower	O
values	O
of	O
desmosine	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
study	O
group	O
suggest	O
that	O
this	O
treatment	O
may	O
be	O
protective	O
against	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Nowadays	O
the	O
ECMO	O
-	O
systems	O
are	O
heparin	B-CHED
-	O
coated	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
need	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
systemic	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
thus	O
bleeding	B-DISO
complications	O
are	O
less	O
frequent	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Highly	O
virulent	O
pantropic	O
canine	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
CCoV	O
)	O
strains	O
belonging	O
to	O
subtype	O
IIa	O
were	O
recently	O
identified	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
humans	B-SPEC
the	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
infected	O
with	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
few	O
but	O
the	O
mortality	O
has	O
been	O
about	O
60	O
%.	O

In	O
October	O
2011	O
,	O
Xigris	O
(	O
drotrecogin	O
alfa	O
,	O
a	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
withdrawn	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
market	O
following	O
the	O
failure	O
of	O
its	O
worldwide	O
trial	O
that	O
had	O
attempted	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
improved	O
outcome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
morbidity	O
in	O
children	O
both	O
in	O
developed	O
and	O
developing	O
countries	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Epstein	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Barr	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
gene	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
EBI3	B-COMP
)	O
associates	O
with	O
p28	B-COMP
and	O
p35	B-COMP
to	O
form	O
the	O
immunomodulatory	O
cytokines	B-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
27	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
35	I-FUNC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
heptide	O
repeat	O
2	O
and	O
upstream	O
region	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
induces	O
potent	O
cross	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
group	O
I	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
provides	O
evidence	O
that	O
malaria	B-PATH
-	O
induced	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
impair	O
host	B-COMP
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
Mycobacterium	B-SPEC
tuberculosis	I-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
some	O
patients	O
developed	O
severe	O
illness	O
and	O
some	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mortality	O
,	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
in	O
Argentina	B-SPEC
,	O
2009	O
.	O

During	O
April	O
to	O
December	O
2009	O
,	O
we	O
actively	O
searched	O
for	O
persons	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
ILI	O
)	O
in	O
three	O
sentinel	O
cities	O
.	O

Sixteen	O
naturally	O
infected	O
FIV	B-SPEC
/	O
FeLV	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
followed	O
during	O
rFeIFNω	O
therapy	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
monitor	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
to	O
correlate	O
with	O
excretion	B-PROC
of	O
concomitant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
FCV	B-CHED
,	O
FHV	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
and	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
(	O
FPV	B-SPEC
)).	O

Of	O
the	O
11	O
FCoV	O
positive	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
9	O
reduced	O
viral	O
loads	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
rFeIFNω	O
improves	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
reduces	O
concurrent	O
viral	O
excretion	B-PROC
in	O
naturally	O
infected	O
retroviral	B-SPEC
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
assays	O
would	O
be	O
suitable	O
for	O
monitoring	O
active	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
colonies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	O
outbreaks	O
associated	O
with	O
equine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
adult	O
horses	B-SPEC
.	O

Following	O
the	O
molecular	O
detection	O
of	O
ECoV	O
in	O
the	O
feces	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
initial	O
index	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
remaining	O
herdmates	O
were	O
closely	O
observed	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
.	O

Fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
sick	O
and	O
healthy	O
horses	B-SPEC
for	O
the	O
PCR	O
detection	O
of	O
ECoV	O
.	O
All	O
four	O
outbreaks	O
involved	O
primarily	O
adult	O
horses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
two	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
mAbs	O
),	O
designated	O
as	O
6D10	O
and	O
4F10	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
directed	O
against	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
using	O
the	O
whole	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
as	O
immunogens	O
.	O

After	O
screening	O
a	O
phage	O
display	O
peptide	B-CHED
library	O
and	O
peptide	B-CHED
scanning	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
two	O
linear	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
that	O
were	O
recognized	O
by	O
the	O
mAbs	O
6D10	O
and	O
4F10	O
,	O
which	O
corresponded	O
to	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
(	O
242	O
)	O
FGPRTK	O
(	O
247	O
)	O
and	O
(	O
195	O
)	O
DLIARAAKI	O
(	O
203	O
),	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
ssRNA	I-PRGE
was	O
able	O
to	O
cause	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
vivo	O
experiment	O
.	O

It	O
suggests	O
that	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
specific	O
GU	O
-	O
rich	O
ssRNA	O
plays	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
a	O
dysregulation	O
of	O
the	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

Stricture	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
hematemesis	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
melena	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
highlights	O
the	O
magnitude	O
and	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
effects	O
of	O
self	O
-	O
harm	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
strong	O
corrosive	O
,	O
readily	O
available	O
due	O
to	O
very	O
few	O
restrictions	O
in	O
its	O
distribution	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
degradative	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
)	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
(	O
RT	O
),	O
termed	O
ribonuclease	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
(	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
),	O
which	O
hydrolyzes	O
the	O
RNA	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
heteroduplex	O
RNA	O
:	O
DNA	B-PATH
replication	I-PATH
intermediate	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
excellent	O
target	O
for	O
drug	O
discovery	O
.	O

Anthraquinones	B-CHED
(	O
AQs	O
)	O
and	O
their	O
derivatives	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
common	O
secondary	B-CHED
metabolites	I-CHED
occurring	O
in	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
fungi	B-SPEC
,	O
lichens	O
and	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
families	O
in	O
higher	B-SPEC
plants	I-SPEC
,	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
have	O
several	O
biological	O
activities	O
including	O
that	O
of	O
inhibiting	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RT	O
activities	O
in	O
biochemical	O
assays	O
.	O

She	O
was	O
brought	O
to	O
our	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
by	O
air	B-CHED
ambulance	O
for	O
assessment	O
.	O

Prevention	O
strategies	O
and	O
current	O
and	O
future	O
therapies	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
implemented	O
to	O
avoid	O
and	O
treat	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
medical	O
complications	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bortezomib	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
obliterans	I-DISO
organizing	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Systemic	O
corticotherapy	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
rapid	O
improvement	O
in	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

Faced	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
other	O
etiologies	O
,	O
complications	O
due	O
to	O
bortezomid	O
treatment	O
should	O
be	O
evoked	O
and	O
corticotherapy	O
considered	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
predictors	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
critically	O
ill	O
patients	O
receiving	O
initial	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
(	O
IAT	O
;	O
<	O
48	O
h	O
after	O
admission	O
).	O

Patients	O
with	O
IAT	O
were	O
significantly	O
older	O
(	O
67	O
±	O
14	O
vs	O
.	O
64	O
±	O
14	O
years	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
)	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
prevalence	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
33	O
vs	O
.	O
23	O
%;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
015	O
),	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
;	O
27	O
vs	O
.	O
16	O
%;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
),	O
malignoma	O
(	O
17	O
vs	O
.	O
9	O
%;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
),	O
acute	O
renal	O
failure	O
(	O
11	O
vs	O
.	O
4	O
%;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
22	O
vs	O
.	O
7	O
%;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
a	O
shock	O
index	O
<	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
(	O
21	O
vs	O
.	O
8	O
%;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

We	O
show	O
here	O
that	O
both	O
proteins	B-CHED
can	O
associate	O
with	O
membranes	B-ANAT
co	O
-	O
but	O
not	O
posttranslationally	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
perform	O
a	O
structure	O
function	O
analysis	O
of	O
A14	O
and	O
A17	O
using	O
inducible	O
recombinants	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
A14	O
,	O
electron	O
-	O
dense	O
virosomes	O
and	O
distinct	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
small	O
vesicles	B-COMP
accumulate	O
;	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
A17	O
,	O
small	O
vesicles	B-COMP
form	O
a	O
corona	B-CHED
around	O
the	O
virosomes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
¹H	O
,	O
¹³C	O
,	O
¹⁵N	O
resonance	O
assignments	O
of	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
3a	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
severe	O
intoxication	O
was	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
with	O
axillary	B-ANAT
brachial	B-ANAT
plexus	I-ANAT
block	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
with	O
modified	O
interscalene	O
brachial	B-ANAT
plexus	I-ANAT
block	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
nerve	B-ANAT
injury	O
related	O
complication	B-DISO
after	O
withdrawing	O
the	O
external	O
indwelling	O
catheter	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Live	O
,	O
attenuated	O
RNA	O
virus	O
vaccines	O
are	O
efficacious	O
but	O
subject	O
to	O
reversion	O
to	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
-	O
CXCR3	B-PRGE
enhances	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
fulminant	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
nonviral	O
origin	O
.	O

CXCL10	B-PRGE
-	O
CXCR3	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
critical	O
factor	O
for	O
the	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
the	O
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Construction	O
of	O
recombinant	O
lactobacilli	O
expressing	O
the	O
core	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	B-CHED
(	O
COE	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
a	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
consisting	O
of	O
COE	B-CHED
and	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
heat	O
-	O
labile	O
enterotoxin	O
B	O
,	O
and	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
by	O
orogastric	O
immunization	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
and	O
gamma	B-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
were	O
also	O
exhibited	O
compared	O
with	O
negative	O
control	O
.	O

Ochroconis	B-SPEC
gallopavum	O
is	O
a	O
neurotropic	O
dematiaceous	O
mold	B-CHED
responsible	O
for	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
respiratory	O
and	O
central	B-DISO
nervous	I-DISO
system	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
domestic	O
poultry	O
and	O
in	O
immunologically	O
compromised	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

No	O
brain	B-ANAT
involvement	O
was	O
observed	O
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
five	O
participants	O
enrolled	O
and	O
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
into	O
either	O
a	O
treatment	O
condition	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
17	O
,	O
treated	O
with	O
CQCQD	O
)	O
or	O
a	O
control	O
condition	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
18	O
,	O
treated	O
with	O
placebo	O
)	O
24	O
hours	O
following	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
duration	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
hepatitis	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
blood	B-PROC
coagulation	I-PROC
dysfunction	O
were	O
shorter	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
a	O
novel	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
characteristic	O
variant	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
recent	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
clinical	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
piglets	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
IBV	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
directly	O
in	O
muscle	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Many	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
receive	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
participants	O
self	O
-	O
collected	O
an	O
anterior	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
from	O
one	O
nostril	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
trained	O
study	O
personnel	O
collected	O
one	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
nostril	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
amount	O
of	O
β	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
actin	I-PRGE
DNA	O
per	O
swab	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
self	O
-	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
staff	O
-	O
collected	O
swabs	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
).	O

It	O
is	O
also	O
connected	O
to	O
damages	O
of	O
different	O
organic	O
systems	O
and	O
it	O
often	O
leads	O
to	O
appearance	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Initial	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
revealed	O
swelling	B-DISO
and	O
paleness	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
lower	I-ANAT
leg	I-ANAT
,	O
signs	O
of	O
gangrene	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
foot	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
1st	O
and	O
the	O
4th	O
toes	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
foot	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
patient	O
refused	O
the	O
suggested	O
surgical	O
treatment	O
(	O
fasciotomy	O
,	O
foot	B-ANAT
amputation	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Case	O
report	O
of	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
with	O
veno	O
-	O
veno	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
V	O
-	O
V	O
ECMO	O
)	O
during	O
one	O
-	O
lung	O
ventilation	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
complicated	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
spontaneous	O
esophageal	O
rupture	O
].	O

Infection	B-DISO
was	O
documented	O
in	O
3	O
cases	O
,	O
hyperbilirubinemia	B-DISO
in	O
2	O
cases	O
,	O
lower	B-DISO
limb	I-DISO
ischemia	I-DISO
in	O
1	O
case	O
,	O
hyperglycemia	B-DISO
in	O
3	O
cases	O
,	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
in	O
1	O
case	O
,	O
membrane	B-COMP
lung	B-ANAT
leakage	B-DISO
in	O
2	O
cases	O
,	O
systemic	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
in	O
3	O
cases	O
,	O
oxygenator	O
failure	O
in	O
2	O
cases	O
and	O
oxygenator	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
in	O
one	O
case	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evolution	B-PROC
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Taiwan	O
:	O
positively	O
selected	O
sites	O
in	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
and	O
their	O
effects	O
on	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
can	O
give	O
rise	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
viral	O
population	O
,	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
finding	O
that	O
most	O
isolated	O
Taiwanese	O
(	O
TW	O
)	O
IBVs	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
Chinese	O
(	O
CH	O
)	O
IBVs	O
,	O
exhibit	O
a	O
genetic	O
rearrangement	B-PROC
with	O
the	O
American	O
(	O
US	O
)	O
IBV	B-SPEC
at	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
gene	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
NTD	O
,	O
the	O
stereographic	O
positions	O
of	O
both	O
predicted	O
selected	O
sites	O
do	O
not	O
fall	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
groove	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
Authors	O
reviewed	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
(	O
Table	O
I	O
,	O
II	O
)	O
clinical	O
,	O
laboratory	O
,	O
radiological	O
and	O
pathologic	O
findings	O
,	O
surgical	O
procedure	O
,	O
and	O
early	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
results	O
in	O
5	O
children	O
,	O
2	O
males	O
and	O
3	O
females	O
,	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
sacrococcygeal	O
teratomas	B-DISO
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
were	O
also	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
Currarino	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
Hirschsprung	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
other	O
,	O
multiple	O
malformations	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
cloacal	B-ANAT
anomaly	O
with	O
anal	B-ANAT
imperforation	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
underwent	O
emergency	B-DISO
surgical	O
management	O
,	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
recommended	O
practice	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
complete	O
exeresis	O
of	O
the	O
tumor	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
coccygectomy	O
,	O
in	O
3	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
children	O
.	O

Being	O
congenital	O
tumors	B-DISO
,	O
prenatal	O
diagnosis	O
by	O
US	O
scan	O
is	O
extremely	O
important	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
decide	O
either	O
for	O
an	O
anticipated	O
delivery	O
or	O
to	O
perform	O
,	O
in	O
critical	O
fetuses	B-ANAT
,	O
prenatal	O
treatment	O
within	O
highly	O
specialized	O
facilities	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
organize	O
proper	O
perinatal	O
care	O
,	O
always	O
in	O
appropriate	O
facilities	O
where	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
carry	O
out	O
emergency	B-DISO
surgery	O
.	O

Some	O
sacrococcygeal	O
teratomas	B-DISO
can	O
hide	B-ANAT
more	O
or	O
less	O
extensive	O
islands	O
of	O
immaturity	O
or	O
signs	O
of	O
malignant	B-DISO
transformation	I-DISO
that	O
are	O
clinically	O
evident	O
.	O

The	O
UKCCSG	O
II	O
(	O
Children	O
UK	O
Cancer	B-DISO
Study	O
Group	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
SFOP	O
(	O
Société	O
Française	O
d	O
'	O
Oncologie	O
Pédiatrique	O
)	O
indicated	O
AFP	O
values	O
exceeding	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
as	O
the	O
threshold	O
identifying	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
prognosis	O
.	O

In	O
newborns	O
or	O
infants	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
congenital	B-DISO
malformations	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
teratomas	B-DISO
,	O
definitive	O
surgical	O
correction	O
,	O
if	O
indicated	O
,	O
must	O
obviously	O
be	O
postponed	O
to	O
a	O
proper	O
time	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
multiple	O
malformations	B-DISO
or	O
needing	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
chemotherapy	O
,	O
unless	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
arises	O
or	O
the	O
repair	B-PROC
cannot	O
be	O
delayed	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
5	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
female	O
newborn	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
Currarino	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
associated	O
with	O
persistence	O
of	O
the	O
common	O
cloacal	B-ANAT
canal	B-ANAT
and	O
anal	B-ANAT
imperforation	O
,	O
died	B-PROC
two	O
days	O
after	O
surgery	O
,	O
of	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
predictive	O
values	O
of	O
ΔPP	O
and	O
static	O
variables	O
[	O
right	O
atrial	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
RAP	O
)	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
occlusion	O
pressure	O
(	O
PAOP	O
)]	O
were	O
evaluated	O
through	O
a	O
receiver	O
operating	O
characteristic	O
(	O
ROC	O
)	O
curve	O
analysis	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Thirty	O
-	O
four	O
patients	O
had	O
characteristics	O
consistent	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
were	O
ventilated	O
with	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
[	O
median	O
(	O
inter	O
-	O
quartile	O
range	O
)	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
13	O
.	O
5	O
)].	O

Both	O
genotypes	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
were	O
detected	O
but	O
no	O
recombination	B-PROC
between	O
them	O
was	O
found	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
nephropathogenic	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
outbreaks	O
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
commercial	O
broiler	O
flocks	O
and	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
incidence	O
and	O
morbidity	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
virulent	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
,	O
GD	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
was	O
obtained	O
from	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
that	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
2011	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
a	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
adapted	O
isolate	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
eastern	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
date	O
,	O
multiple	O
serotypes	O
and	O
genotypes	O
of	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
have	O
been	O
isolated	O
and	O
identified	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
57	O
)	O
of	O
specimens	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
specimens	O
were	O
tested	O
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
and	O
multiplex	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
methods	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
15	O
RNA	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genomic	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
newly	O
discovered	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
/	O
2012	O
may	O
be	O
most	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
detected	O
in	O
Pipistrellus	B-SPEC
pipistrellus	I-SPEC
in	O
The	O
Netherlands	O
,	O
but	O
because	O
only	O
a	O
short	O
sequence	O
from	O
the	O
most	O
conserved	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
-	O
encoding	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
was	O
reported	O
for	O
this	O
bat	B-ENZY
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
its	O
genetic	O
distance	O
from	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
remains	O
uncertain	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
of	O
severe	O
malaria	O
are	O
several	O
and	O
occur	O
in	O
different	O
anatomical	B-ANAT
sites	I-ANAT
.	O

Cytoadherence	O
of	O
infected	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
the	O
vascular	B-ANAT
endothelium	I-ANAT
of	O
different	O
organs	B-ANAT
and	O
rosetting	B-PROC
are	O
unique	O
features	O
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
parasites	O
which	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
vascular	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
the	O
consequent	O
excessive	O
inflammatory	O
/	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
or	O
severe	O
anaemia	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
are	O
quite	O
common	O
manifestation	O
of	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
clinical	O
evidences	O
of	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
kidney	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
are	O
reported	O
.	O

Surfactant	B-CHED
dysfunction	O
with	O
quantitative	O
and	O
qualitative	O
abnormalities	O
of	O
both	O
phospholipids	B-CHED
and	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
characteristic	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
YN	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
previously	O
characterized	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
found	O
in	O
China	O
were	O
phylogenetically	O
classified	O
into	O
2	O
main	O
genetic	O
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
YN	O
isolate	O
caused	O
severe	O
lesions	O
and	O
resulted	O
in	O
deaths	B-PROC
of	O
65	O
%	O
in	O
experimental	O
infections	B-DISO
of	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
and	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
and	O
type	O
II	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Malaysia	O
.	O

Differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
FCoV	O
biotypes	O
using	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
revealed	O
that	O
,	O
97	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
local	O
isolates	O
were	O
type	O
I	O
and	O
type	O
II	O
FCoV	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
vWD	B-PRGE
are	O
exposed	O
to	O
Transfuse	O
Related	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
(	O
TRALI	B-DISO
)	O
when	O
they	O
become	O
recipients	O
of	O
multiple	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
and	O
repeated	O
transfusions	O
.	O

Concluding	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
vWd	O
who	O
received	O
recurrent	O
transfusions	O
have	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
TRALI	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
identify	O
the	O
immunoreactivities	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
structural	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
NP	O
that	O
are	O
recognised	O
by	O
the	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
polyclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
human	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
antigenicities	O
of	O
three	O
protein	B-CHED
fragments	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
aa	O
1	O
-	O
173	O
),	O
the	O
central	O
-	O
linker	O
region	O
(	O
aa	O
174	O
-	O
300	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
aa	O
301	O
-	O
448	O
),	O
were	O
evaluated	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
.	O

The	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
polyclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
demonstrated	O
greater	O
immunoreactivity	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
central	O
-	O
linker	O
region	O
and	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
than	O
to	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
molecular	O
markers	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
that	O
distinguish	O
between	O
field	O
and	O
vaccine	O
(	O
or	O
vaccine	O
-	O
like	O
)	O
Mass	O
-	O
type	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
differentiate	O
between	O
field	O
and	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
for	O
diagnostic	O
purposes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
viruses	O
induce	O
asthma	B-PATH
exacerbations	O
are	O
not	O
well	O
understood	O
.	O

mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
for	O
selected	O
markers	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
measured	O
using	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
detected	O
in	O
3	O
of	O
the	O
'	O
well	O
'	O
weeks	O
and	O
17	O
of	O
the	O
'	O
sick	O
'	O
weeks	O
(	O
10	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
three	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
two	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
two	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
,	O
two	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
one	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
).	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
confirmed	O
that	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LZJ	O
/	O
111113	O
is	O
of	O
the	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
type	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
further	O
extensive	O
analyses	O
of	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genomes	O
identified	O
occurrence	O
of	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
.	O

This	O
recombination	B-PROC
event	O
took	O
place	O
at	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
may	O
account	O
for	O
differences	O
in	O
replication	O
efficiency	O
in	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
inoculated	O
by	O
the	O
two	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
have	O
been	O
speculated	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
prominent	O
role	O
in	O
virulence	B-PROC
as	O
deletions	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
attenuated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
investigate	O
if	O
the	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
FIPV	O
are	O
important	O
for	O
sustaining	O
its	O
replication	O
in	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
replication	O
kinetics	O
were	O
determined	O
for	O
FIPV	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
and	O
its	O
deletion	O
mutants	O
,	O
lacking	O
either	O
accessory	O
protein	B-CHED
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
3abc	O
(	O
FIPV	O
-	O
Δ3	O
),	O
7ab	O
(	O
FIPV	O
-	O
Δ7	O
)	O
or	O
both	O
(	O
FIPV	O
-	O
Δ3Δ7	O
).	O

Genome	O
replication	O
of	O
EAV	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
modified	O
intracellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
that	O
are	O
shaped	O
into	O
double	O
-	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
(	O
DMVs	O
).	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
colocalization	O
of	O
DMVs	O
and	O
LC3	O
was	O
still	O
observed	O
in	O
these	O
knockout	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
only	O
contain	O
the	O
nonlipidated	O
form	O
of	O
LC3	O
.	O

EAV	B-SPEC
replication	O
could	O
be	O
fully	O
restored	O
in	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
nonlipidated	O
form	O
of	O
LC3	O
.	O

Expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
ezrin	B-PRGE
dominant	B-DISO
negative	I-DISO
FERM	B-DISO
domain	O
enhanced	O
cell	B-COMP
susceptibility	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
S	O
-	O
pseudotyped	O
particles	O
and	O
potentiated	O
S	O
-	O
dependent	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

Ezrin	B-PRGE
interacts	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
endodomain	I-PRGE
and	O
limits	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
and	O
fusion	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
highly	O
conserved	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
domains	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
are	O
more	O
broadly	O
neutralizing	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
enteropathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
severe	O
disease	O
in	O
young	O
piglets	O
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
yields	O
of	O
the	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
faecium	I-SPEC
-	O
treated	O
cultures	O
were	O
reduced	O
by	O
up	O
to	O
three	O
log10	O
units	O
.	O

Increased	O
production	O
of	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
in	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
treated	O
with	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
faecium	I-SPEC
and	O
elevated	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
and	O
8	O
pointed	O
to	O
stimulated	O
cellular	B-COMP
defense	O
as	O
a	O
mechanism	O
to	O
fight	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
193	O
(	O
76	O
%)	O
patients	O
;	O
156	O
(	O
81	O
%)	O
patients	O
had	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Leukemia	B-DISO
or	O
lymphoma	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
underlying	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
95	O
(	O
49	O
%)	O
patients	O
followed	O
by	O
solid	B-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
47	O
(	O
24	O
%),	O
posthematopoietic	B-PRGE
stem	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
transplant	I-PRGE
28	I-PRGE
(	O
15	O
%)	O
and	O
brain	B-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
in	O
23	O
(	O
12	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

Coinfection	B-DISO
with	O
>	O
1	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
present	O
in	O
47	O
(	O
24	O
%)	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
increase	O
the	O
risk	O
for	O
LRTI	B-DISO
.	O

C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
4	O
and	O
3	O
patients	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
detected	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
cancer	B-DISO
and	O
posthematopoietic	O
stem	O
cell	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
hospitalized	O
with	O
an	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
morbidity	O
.	O

C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
4	O
and	O
3	O
patients	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

We	O
randomly	O
tested	O
(	O
30	O
min	O
)	O
while	O
recording	O
EAdi	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
PSV30	O
(	O
PSV	B-PRGE
with	I-PRGE
an	O
expiratory	B-PROC
trigger	O
at	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
flow	O
peak	O
value	O
);	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
PSV1	O
(	O
PSV	O
with	O
expiratory	B-PROC
trigger	O
at	O
1	O
%);	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
NAVA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Communicable	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
control	O
in	O
China	O
:	O
From	O
Mao	B-PROC
to	O
now	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
China	O
'	O
s	O
progress	O
on	O
communicable	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
control	O
(	O
CDC	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
30	O
years	O
after	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Republic	O
in	O
1949	O
is	O
widely	O
regarded	O
as	O
remarkable	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
entry	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
targeting	B-PROC
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
chart	O
review	O
was	O
conducted	O
on	O
8	O
patients	O
with	O
H5N1	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
(	O
aged	O
2	O
-	O
30	O
years	O
;	O
3	O
fatal	O
)	O
who	O
were	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
Bach	O
Mai	B-SPEC
Hospital	O
(	O
BMH	B-DISO
),	O
Vietnam	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
affiliated	O
hospitals	O
with	O
consultation	O
by	O
physicians	O
in	O
BMH	B-DISO
between	O
2007	O
and	O
2010	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prediction	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
the	O
next	O
pandemic	O
zoonosis	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
lay	O
out	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
research	O
and	O
surveillance	O
opportunities	O
and	O
goals	O
that	O
could	O
help	O
to	O
overcome	O
these	O
challenges	O
and	O
move	B-PROC
the	O
global	O
pandemic	O
strategy	O
from	O
response	O
to	O
pre	O
-	O
emption	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
is	O
generally	O
classified	O
as	O
a	O
common	O
cold	O
pathogen	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
may	O
also	O
result	O
in	O
severe	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
diseases	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
children	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
underlying	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
elderly	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
current	O
manuscript	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
polymer	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
compounds	O
showing	O
prominent	O
anticoronaviral	O
activity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
K	O
-	O
I	O
and	O
nephropathogenic	O
K	O
-	O
II	O
genotypes	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
have	O
been	O
isolated	O
since	O
1995	O
and	O
1990	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
Korea	O
and	O
commercial	O
inactivated	O
oil	O
-	O
emulsion	O
vaccines	O
containing	O
KM91	O
(	O
K	O
-	O
II	O
type	O
)	O
and	O
Massachusetts	O
41	O
strains	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
comparative	O
genomics	O
of	O
SNU8067	O
(	O
K	O
-	O
I	O
type	O
)	O
and	O
KM91	O
IBVs	O
was	O
performed	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
SNU8067	O
was	O
established	O
and	O
applied	O
to	O
vaccine	O
efficacy	O
test	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
Data	O
Integration	B-PROC
for	O
Alberta	B-SPEC
Laboratories	O
(	O
DIAL	O
)	O
platform	O
,	O
26	O
,	O
226	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
at	O
ProvLab	O
between	O
1	O
July	O
2009	O
and	O
30	O
June	O
2012	O
were	O
selected	O
and	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

hMPV	B-SPEC
was	O
significantly	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
in	O
mono	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
as	O
compared	O
with	O
ADV	O
,	O
CRV	B-DISO
,	O
PIV	O
,	O
and	O
RSV	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
ERV	B-PROC
[	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
].	O

This	O
review	O
will	O
summarize	O
current	O
knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
to	O
survive	O
in	O
the	O
environment	O
and	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
antiseptic	O
-	O
disinfectants	B-CHED
against	O
them	O
,	O
with	O
particular	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
methodologies	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
new	O
antiseptic	O
-	O
disinfectants	B-CHED
on	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
pathogen	O
database	O
and	O
analysis	O
resource	O
(	O
ViPR	O
):	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
bioinformatics	O
database	O
and	O
analysis	O
resource	O
for	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
research	O
community	O
.	O

Records	O
returned	O
from	O
these	O
queries	O
can	O
then	O
be	O
subjected	O
to	O
web	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
analyses	O
including	O
:	O
multiple	O
sequence	O
alignment	O
,	O
phylogenetic	O
inference	O
,	O
sequence	O
variation	O
determination	O
,	O
BLAST	B-ANAT
comparison	O
,	O
and	O
metadata	O
-	O
driven	O
comparative	O
genomics	O
statistical	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
are	O
positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
viruses	O
that	O
are	O
important	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
of	O
both	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Upon	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
coronaviruses	O
extensively	O
rearrange	O
cellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
into	O
organelle	B-COMP
-	O
like	O
replicative	O
structures	O
that	O
consist	O
of	O
double	O
-	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
and	O
convoluted	O
membranes	B-ANAT
to	O
which	O
the	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
involved	O
in	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
localize	O
.	O

By	O
nature	O
of	O
their	O
double	O
membrane	B-COMP
,	O
these	O
vesicles	B-COMP
resemble	O
cellular	B-COMP
autophagosomes	O
,	O
generated	O
during	O
the	O
cellular	B-PROC
autophagy	I-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sequencing	O
,	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
potential	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
isolated	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
S2	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
and	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
and	O
S1	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
genes	O
of	O
11	O
Korean	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
isolates	O
were	O
amplified	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
cloned	O
,	O
and	O
sequenced	O
.	O

The	O
determination	O
of	O
patient	O
subgroups	O
should	O
be	O
explored	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
case	O
illustrates	O
that	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
specifically	O
AFOP	O
,	O
should	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
diffuse	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
or	O
without	O
shock	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characteristics	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
infection	O
in	O
Syria	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
epidemiologic	O
characteristics	O
,	O
clinical	O
features	O
,	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
influenza	O
A	O
infections	B-DISO
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICUs	O
)	O
in	O
Damascus	O
,	O
Syria	O
.	O

Anon	O
-	O
cardiogenic	O
pulmonar	O
edema	B-DISO
progressing	O
to	O
clinico	O
-	O
physiological	O
ARDS	B-DISO
criteria	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Knowledge	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
wild	O
carnivores	B-SPEC
is	O
limited	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genetic	O
diversity	O
,	O
species	B-SPEC
specificity	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
prevalence	O
in	O
three	O
wild	O
African	O
carnivores	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
common	O
among	O
domestic	O
and	O
exotic	O
felid	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
and	O
usually	O
associated	O
with	O
mild	O
or	O
asymptomatic	O
enteritis	B-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
fatal	O
disease	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
systemic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
),	O
a	O
variant	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FECV	B-SPEC
).	O

During	O
the	O
replication	B-PROC
process	I-PROC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
produces	O
viral	O
polyproteins	O
that	O
are	O
processed	O
into	O
mature	O
proteins	B-CHED
by	O
viral	O
proteases	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
protease	O
(	O
3C	O
-	O
like	O
[	O
3CL	O
]	O
protease	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
recognition	O
of	O
the	O
target	O
sequence	O
by	O
the	O
oligonucleotides	B-CHED
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
short	O
(	O
6	O
-	O
8	O
nt	O
)	O
conserved	O
regions	O
,	O
which	O
facilitates	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
assays	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
five	O
samples	O
were	O
negative	O
by	O
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PCR	I-PRGE
,	O
so	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
alone	O
may	O
not	O
explain	O
all	O
cases	O
of	O
false	O
-	O
negative	O
FCoV	O
antibody	O
tests	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
possible	O
explanation	O
in	O
71	O
%	O
of	O
discordant	O
samples	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Circulating	O
histones	O
are	O
mediators	O
of	O
trauma	O
-	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Circulating	O
histone	B-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
trauma	O
were	O
determined	O
and	O
correlated	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
(	O
SOFA	O
)	O
scores	O
.	O

Pathological	O
examinations	O
showed	O
that	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
the	O
predominantly	O
affected	O
organ	B-ANAT
with	O
edema	B-DISO
,	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
microvascular	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
congestion	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
has	O
resolved	O
an	O
issue	O
concerning	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
ORFs	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Gammacoronavirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
and	O
proposes	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
a	O
fifth	O
IBV	B-SPEC
accessory	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
hereby	O
report	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
child	O
who	O
had	O
successfully	O
undergone	O
gastric	B-ANAT
pull	O
-	O
up	O
approximately	O
18	O
months	O
before	O
and	O
presented	O
with	O
gradually	O
progressing	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
aerophagia	B-DISO
from	O
excessive	O
crying	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characteristics	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
in	O
ICUs	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
.	O

Specific	O
primers	O
were	O
carefully	O
selected	O
from	O
articles	O
published	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
three	O
viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
porcine	B-SPEC
circovirus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
II	I-SPEC
(	O
PCV2	O
),	O
porcine	B-SPEC
teschovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
PTV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
porcine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
).	O

Outcome	O
was	O
better	O
when	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
severe	O
deoxygenation	O
(	O
Pao2	O
<	O
70	O
mm	O
Hg	O
)	O
despite	O
maximally	O
invasive	O
respiratory	O
support	O
to	O
ECMO	O
implantation	B-PROC
was	O
less	O
than	O
6	O
hours	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
:	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

ARDS	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
H1N1	O
remains	O
a	O
devastating	O
clinical	O
picture	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Successful	O
ECMO	O
weaning	B-PROC
was	O
possible	O
in	O
44	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
)	O
of	O
patients	O
and	O
overall	O
mortality	O
was	O
61	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
11	O
).	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
successfully	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
ventilator	O
after	O
the	O
percutaneous	O
closure	O
of	O
PFO	B-CHED
through	O
a	O
catheter	O
-	O
deployed	O
double	O
-	O
umbrella	O
device	O
,	O
presenting	O
a	O
full	O
recovery	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
screen	O
of	O
the	O
NIH	O
molecular	O
libraries	O
sample	O
collection	O
and	O
subsequent	O
optimization	O
of	O
a	O
lead	O
dipeptide	B-CHED
-	O
like	O
series	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
main	O
protease	O
(	O
3CLpro	O
)	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
led	O
to	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
probe	O
compound	O
ML188	O
(	O
16	O
-(	O
R	O
),	O
(	O
R	O
)-	O
N	O
-(	O
4	O
-(	O
tert	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
butyl	I-CHED
)	O
phenyl	B-CHED
)-	O
N	O
-(	O
2	O
-(	O
tert	O
-	O
butylamino	O
)-	O
2	O
-	O
oxo	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
-(	O
pyridin	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
yl	I-CHED
)	O
ethyl	B-CHED
)	O
furan	B-CHED
-	O
2	O
-	O
carboxamide	B-CHED
,	O
Pubchem	O
CID	O
:	O
46897844	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Assays	O
for	O
laboratory	O
confirmation	O
of	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
)	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Laboratory	O
capability	O
for	O
molecular	O
detection	O
and	O
confirmation	O
of	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
November	O
2012	O
.	O

HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EMC	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
virus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
but	O
constitutes	O
a	O
sister	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
investigated	O
whether	O
it	O
might	O
utilize	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Myasthenic	B-DISO
crisis	I-DISO
and	O
Takotsubo	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
chance	O
relationship	O
].	O

Takotsubo	O
syndrome	O
(	O
TTS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
condition	B-DISO
that	O
mimics	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
myocardial	I-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
antiviral	B-CHED
efficacy	O
of	O
amantadine	B-CHED
congeners	O
can	O
be	O
chemically	O
modified	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
re	O
-	O
constitution	O
,	O
improvement	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
extension	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
mediated	O
by	O
amino	O
-	O
adamantyls	O
.	O

One	O
N	O
-	O
phenacyl	O
amantadine	B-CHED
derivative	O
was	O
investigated	O
for	O
inhibiting	O
the	O
in	O
vitro	O
replication	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
).	O

Their	O
structure	O
was	O
proved	O
by	O
determining	O
the	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
single	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
one	O
hydrolytic	O
elaboration	O
product	O
.	O

Clinical	O
judgment	O
for	O
characterizing	O
hydrostatic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
suffices	O
,	O
unless	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
apparent	O
ARDS	B-DISO
risk	O
factor	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
case	O
an	O
objective	O
evaluation	O
is	O
required	O
;	O
the	O
category	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
removed	O
,	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
categories	O
of	O
severity	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
ratio	O
-	O
mild	O
(	O
from	O
201	O
to	O
300	O
),	O
moderate	O
(	O
from	O
101	O
to	O
200	O
),	O
and	O
severe	O
(≤	O
100	O
mmHg	O
).	O

The	O
results	O
highlight	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
strengthen	O
,	O
amongst	O
the	O
health	O
staff	O
,	O
the	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
guidelines	O
for	O
the	O
clinical	O
care	O
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
patients	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
make	O
a	O
correct	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
provide	O
appropriate	O
treatment	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
biogenesis	B-PROC
and	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
MW	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enhanced	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
function	O
and	O
clinical	O
disease	O
in	O
B7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H1	I-PRGE
-	O
deficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
requires	O
CD4	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
during	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
relative	O
contribution	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
to	O
CD8	B-PRGE
function	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
B7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H1	I-PRGE
,	O
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

Wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
WT	O
)	O
and	O
B7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H1	I-PRGE
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
gliatropic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
depleted	O
to	O
specifically	O
block	O
T	O
helper	O
function	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

Increased	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
activity	O
by	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
of	O
B7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H1	I-PRGE
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
lost	B-CHED
upon	O
depletion	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
despite	O
concomitant	O
loss	O
of	O
viral	O
control	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
disease	O
was	O
less	O
severe	O
.	O

High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
little	O
research	O
that	O
has	O
rigorously	O
evaluated	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
domain	O
swapping	O
and	O
protein	B-PROC
folding	I-PROC
/	O
unfolding	O
.	O

With	O
an	O
exchange	O
of	O
nearly	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
with	O
other	O
members	O
of	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
emerging	O
virus	B-SPEC
could	O
gain	O
new	O
antigenicity	O
,	O
posing	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
either	O
have	O
been	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
type	O
I	O
virus	B-SPEC
before	O
or	O
never	O
have	O
been	O
infected	O
with	O
FCoV	O
.	O

hMPV	B-SPEC
can	O
cause	O
morbidity	O
in	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
and	O
recent	O
research	O
has	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
suspected	O
of	O
having	O
pandemic	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1pdm09	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
infections	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
in	O
two	O
groups	O
of	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
:	O
Immunocompromized	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
potential	O
risk	O
of	O
severe	O
outcomes	O
and	O
immunocompetent	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Amplification	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
genes	O
was	O
performed	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
production	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
was	O
highest	O
at	O
1	O
dpi	O
and	O
decreased	O
over	O
time	O
down	O
to	O
levels	O
comparable	O
to	O
uninfected	O
birds	B-SPEC
at	O
4	O
dpi	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
and	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
tripeptide	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
containing	O
an	O
electrophilic	O
arylketone	O
moiety	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
from	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
:	O
antigenic	O
and	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
one	O
percent	O
were	O
viral	O
coinfections	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
were	O
significantly	O
younger	O
than	O
virus	B-SPEC
negative	O
patients	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
and	O
were	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
a	O
longer	O
time	O
.	O

This	O
vaccine	O
is	O
comprised	O
of	O
a	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
formulated	O
on	O
alum	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
a	O
synthetic	O
glucopyranosyl	O
lipid	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
.	O
The	O
vaccine	O
would	O
induce	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
without	O
causing	O
Th2	O
-	O
type	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
step	O
-	O
wise	O
RM	O
and	O
decremental	O
PEEP	B-CHED
trial	O
were	O
performed	O
.	O

A	O
>	O
25	O
%	O
improvement	O
in	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
(	O
Cdyn	O
or	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
)	O
was	O
observed	O
after	O
90	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
RM	O
procedures	O
.	O

Gas	B-PRGE
exchange	O
worsening	O
over	O
the	O
next	O
24	O
hr	O
resulted	O
in	O
HFOV	O
use	O
in	O
36	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
remaining	O
subjects	O
sustained	O
improvements	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
at	O
12	O
and	O
24	O
hr	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
:	O
'	O
Beyond	O
Good	O
and	O
Evil	O
'.	O

In	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
capillary	B-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
which	O
occurs	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
promotes	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
edema	B-DISO
,	O
impedes	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lymphatic	B-ANAT
drainage	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
increases	O
intra	O
-	O
thoracic	B-DISO
pressures	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
,	O
airway	B-ANAT
closure	O
,	O
and	O
deterioration	O
of	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
and	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
analysis	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
genomes	O
provides	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
flight	B-PROC
and	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

KIOM	O
198	O
and	O
KIOM	O
124	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
Epimedium	B-SPEC
koreanum	I-SPEC
Nakai	I-SPEC
and	O
Lonicera	B-SPEC
japonica	I-SPEC
Thunberg	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multiplex	O
nested	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
detecting	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
Newcastle	O
disease	O
virus	O
.	O

The	O
delicate	O
balance	B-PROC
of	O
multiple	O
effects	O
of	O
DN	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
may	O
lead	O
to	O
viral	O
persistence	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
induced	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
short	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
identified	O
DN	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
contributing	O
to	O
viral	O
persistence	O
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
induced	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
in	O
C3H	O
/	O
HeJ	O
mice	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
a	O
rationale	O
for	O
modulating	O
DN	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
searched	O
PubMed	O
for	O
references	O
to	O
""""	O
permissive	O
hypoxemia	O
/	O
hypoxaemia	O
""""	O
and	O
""""	O
precise	O
control	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
""""	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
reference	O
to	O
""""	O
profound	O
hypoxemia	O
/	O
hypoxaemia	O
/	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
","""	O
""""	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
/	O
hypoxaemia	O
/	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

Incorporation	O
of	O
in	O
situ	O
soft	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
irradiation	O
at	O
low	O
-	O
intensity	O
corona	B-CHED
conditions	O
resulted	O
in	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
2	O
-	O
fold	O
to	O
9	O
-	O
fold	O
increase	O
in	O
capture	O
efficiency	O
of	O
200	O
-	O
to	O
600	O
-	O
nm	O
particles	O
and	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
a	O
considerable	O
delay	O
in	O
the	O
mean	O
day	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
as	O
well	O
as	O
lower	O
overall	O
mortality	O
rates	O
in	O
ectromelia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
ECTV	O
)	O
cohorts	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
virome	O
:	O
an	O
important	O
source	O
of	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
capable	O
of	O
infecting	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

C	O
(	O
57	O
)	O
BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
to	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
fat	O
diet	O
group	O
,	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
)	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
group	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
fat	O
diet	O
plus	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
group	O
.	O

This	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
constitutes	O
a	O
neutralization	O
epitope	B-CHED
of	O
BCoV	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
distinct	O
from	O
aa	O
528	O
of	O
the	O
Quebec	O
strain	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
exhibits	O
rapid	O
variation	O
and	O
genetic	O
evolution	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
currently	O
prevailing	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
in	O
central	O
China	O
are	O
a	O
new	O
genotype	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
rJ2	O
.	O
2	O
results	O
in	O
mild	O
acute	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
,	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
nonlethal	O
,	O
chronic	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Proinflammatory	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
mediate	O
virus	B-SPEC
clearance	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
of	O
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
nsp1	B-PRGE
has	O
implications	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp1	B-PRGE
function	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
present	O
the	O
first	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
structure	I-PRGE
from	O
an	O
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
.	O

Contrary	O
to	O
previous	O
speculation	O
,	O
the	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
nsp1	I-PRGE
structure	O
suggests	O
that	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp1s	O
have	O
a	O
common	O
origin	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
sequence	O
homology	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
comparisons	O
of	O
surface	O
electrostatics	O
,	O
shape	O
,	O
and	O
amino	O
acid	O
conservation	O
between	O
the	O
alpha	O
-	O
and	O
betacoronaviruses	O
lead	O
us	O
to	O
speculate	O
that	O
the	O
mechanism	O
for	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
host	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
might	O
be	O
different	O
in	O
these	O
two	O
genera	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
FilmArray	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
panel	O
detects	O
15	O
viral	O
agents	O
in	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
using	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

By	O
the	O
early	O
1970s	O
P	O
(	O
aO	O
(	O
2	O
))	O
had	O
become	O
the	O
gold	B-CHED
standard	O
for	O
clinically	O
assessing	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
non	O
—	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
13	O
(	O
nsp13	O
)	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	O
—	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
helicase	B-PRGE
that	O
separates	O
double	O
—	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
or	O
DNA	O
with	O
a	O
5	O
'—	O
3	O
'	O
polarity	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
energy	O
of	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
hydrolysis	O
.	O

GST	B-PRGE
—	I-PRGE
nsp13	I-PRGE
showed	O
much	O
more	O
efficient	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
unwinding	O
than	O
the	O
H6	O
—	O
tagged	O
counterpart	O
.	O

We	O
uncovered	O
RNA	O
dimerization	O
through	O
a	O
palindromic	O
sequence	O
embedded	O
in	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Stem	B-ANAT
3	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
median	O
duration	O
of	O
the	O
ECMO	O
runs	O
was	O
215	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
578	O
)	O
h	O
.	O
Ninety	O
-	O
seven	O
(	O
78	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
could	O
be	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
ECMO	O
.	O

High	O
SAPS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
,	O
SOFA	O
and	O
Murray	O
scores	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
five	O
geographically	O
unrelated	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CRCoV	O
)	O
isolates	O
was	O
investigated	O
.	O

Following	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
all	O
five	O
CRCoV	O
isolates	O
gave	O
rise	O
to	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
consistent	O
with	O
that	O
observed	O
during	O
natural	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Conditional	O
ligands	O
have	O
enabled	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
production	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
(	O
HLA	B-PRGE
)	O
libraries	O
that	O
present	O
defined	O
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

Unique	O
ligands	O
for	O
all	O
16	B-PRGE
HLA	I-PRGE
types	O
were	O
constructed	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
desired	O
soluble	O
HLA	B-PRGE
product	I-PRGE
in	O
sufficient	O
yield	O
.	O

Main	O
risk	O
factors	O
are	O
represented	O
by	O
tobacco	B-SPEC
smoking	O
and	O
exposure	O
to	O
biomass	O
fuel	B-CHED
.	O

Smoking	O
prevention	O
and	O
standardized	O
management	O
programs	O
for	O
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
COPD	B-DISO
are	O
now	O
available	O
but	O
prompt	O
actions	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
make	O
them	O
more	O
effective	O
in	O
this	O
region	O
and	O
thus	O
avoid	O
an	O
adverse	O
impact	O
on	O
national	O
economic	O
development	O
.	O

Indeed	O
,	O
after	O
transfecting	O
BHK	O
-	O
21	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
various	O
cDNA	O
infectious	B-DISO
clones	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
either	O
lacking	O
the	O
HE	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
or	O
bearing	O
an	O
HE	O
protein	O
with	O
a	O
nonfunctional	O
acetyl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
,	O
we	O
were	O
reproducibly	O
unable	O
to	O
detect	O
recombinant	O
infectious	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
the	O
reference	O
infectious	B-DISO
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
clone	O
pBAC	O
-	O
OC43	O
(	O
FL	O
).	O

Complementation	O
experiments	O
,	O
using	O
BHK	O
-	O
21	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
HE	O
,	O
either	O
transiently	O
or	O
in	O
a	O
stable	O
ectopic	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
,	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
plays	O
a	O
very	O
significant	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
recombinant	O
coronaviral	O
particles	O
that	O
can	O
subsequently	O
more	O
efficiently	O
infect	O
susceptible	O
epithelial	O
and	O
neuronal	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
subject	O
swabs	O
with	O
multiple	O
viruses	B-SPEC
detected	O
changed	O
as	O
respiratory	O
illnesses	O
progressed	O
from	O
week	O
to	O
week	O
,	O
as	O
did	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
individual	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Children	O
with	O
multiple	O
viruses	B-SPEC
detected	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
illness	O
onset	O
had	O
less	O
frequent	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
],	O
0	O
.	O
56	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
0	O
.	O
35	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
90	O
),	O
however	O
,	O
these	O
children	O
more	O
often	O
had	O
illness	O
symptoms	O
lasting	O
over	O
7	O
days	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
94	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
20	O
,	O
3	O
.	O
14	O
).	O

Children	O
with	O
multiple	O
viruses	B-SPEC
detected	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
illness	O
onset	O
had	O
less	O
frequent	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
],	O
0	O
.	O
56	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
0	O
.	O
35	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
90	O
),	O
however	O
,	O
these	O
children	O
more	O
often	O
had	O
illness	O
symptoms	O
lasting	O
over	O
7	O
days	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
94	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
20	O
,	O
3	O
.	O
14	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
summarize	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
and	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
data	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
supported	O
with	O
ECMO	O
in	O
respiratory	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
of	O
Beijing	O
Chaoyang	O
Hospital	O
from	O
November	O
2009	O
to	O
December	O
2011	O
were	O
prospectively	O
collected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
five	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
received	O
ECMO	O
treatment	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
16	O
patients	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
PaO2	O
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
FiO2	O
)	O
ratio	O
was	O
(	O
54	O
±	O
18	O
)	O
mm	O
Hg	O
(	O
1	O
mm	O
Hg	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
133	O
kPa	O
),	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
(	O
11	O
±	O
6	O
)	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
(	O
1	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
=	O
0	O
.	O
098	O
kPa	O
),	O
Murray	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
was	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
lactate	B-CHED
was	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
was	O
(	O
16	O
±	O
6	O
)×	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)/	O
L	O
,	O
and	O
APACHEII	O
score	O
was	O
17	O
±	O
8	O
.	O

PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
and	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
pre	O
-	O
ECMO	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
poor	O
outcome	O
.	O

Patients	O
had	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
despite	O
advanced	O
mechanical	O
ventilator	O
support	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
five	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
of	O
Wuxi	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
from	O
January	O
2008	O
to	O
June	O
2011	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
studied	O
.	O

All	O
the	O
cases	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
ECMO	O
criteria	O
.	O

In	O
survivor	O
group	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
lactate	B-CHED
levels	O
and	O
norepinephrin	O
doses	O
decreased	O
significantly	O
(	O
t	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
679	O
-	O
23	O
.	O
397	O
,	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
while	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
lactate	B-CHED
levels	O
and	O
norepinephrin	O
doses	O
increased	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
survivor	O
group	O
(	O
t	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
325	O
-	O
29	O
.	O
729	O
,	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Mean	O
artery	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
mAP	O
)	O
increased	O
gradually	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
hemofiltration	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

It	O
may	O
become	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
important	O
therapies	O
for	O
SAP	B-PRGE
.	O

We	O
also	O
noted	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
(	O
3	O
/	O
10	O
),	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrhythmia	I-DISO
(	O
4	O
/	O
10	O
),	O
hyperkaleamia	O
,	O
impaired	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
function	I-DISO
(	O
2	O
/	O
10	O
),	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
toxicity	O
(	O
1	O
/	O
10	O
)	O
and	O
altered	B-DISO
consciousness	I-DISO
(	O
3	O
/	O
10	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
optimize	O
the	O
latest	O
generation	O
venovenous	O
(	O
vv	O
)-	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)-	O
circuit	O
configuration	O
and	O
settings	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
CO2	B-CHED
removal	O
determinants	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
on	O
ultraprotective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
new	O
age	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
discovery	O
:	O
genomic	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
fatal	O
case	O
of	O
pneumonia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
lineage	O
c	O
,	O
tentatively	O
called	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
,	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
from	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
acute	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
positive	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
currently	O
epidemic	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
should	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
evidence	O
against	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
KD	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
few	O
ASC	O
recruited	O
to	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
in	O
CXCL10	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
confined	O
to	O
the	O
vasculature	B-ANAT
,	O
distinct	O
from	O
the	O
parenchymal	O
localization	B-PROC
in	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
and	O
CXCL9	O
(-/-)	O
mice	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Solution	O
structure	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
nsp3a	O
and	O
determinants	O
of	O
the	O
interaction	O
with	O
MHV	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
are	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
,	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
,	O
enveloped	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
infect	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
vertebrate	B-SPEC
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

Seventy	O
-	O
nine	O
patients	O
were	O
enrolled	O
after	O
a	O
'	O
stabilization	O
period	O
'	O
(	O
24	O
h	O
with	O
optimized	O
therapy	O
and	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
).	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
very	O
low	O
V	O
(	O
T	O
)	O
combined	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
CO2	B-CHED
removal	O
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
further	O
reduce	O
VILI	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
'	O
normal	O
'	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
management	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
viral	O
population	O
diversity	O
in	O
adaptation	B-PROC
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
to	O
new	O
host	B-COMP
environments	O
.	O

Multiple	O
new	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
including	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
samples	O
just	O
within	O
the	O
last	O
ten	O
years	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
as	O
emergent	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
.	O

Deep	O
sequencing	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
characterize	O
genomic	O
changes	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
quasispecies	O
during	O
simulated	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
switching	O
.	O

Three	O
bovine	B-SPEC
nasal	B-ANAT
samples	O
infected	O
with	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
were	O
used	O
to	O
infect	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
macrophage	B-ANAT
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
insert	O
coded	O
for	O
three	O
arginine	B-CHED
residues	O
,	O
occurred	O
in	O
a	O
region	O
associated	O
with	O
fusion	O
entry	B-PROC
into	I-PROC
host	I-PROC
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
may	O
allow	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
new	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
via	O
heparin	B-CHED
sulfate	I-CHED
binding	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
By	O
using	O
a	O
fragment	O
-	O
assembly	O
strategy	O
and	O
bioisosteric	O
-	O
replacement	O
principle	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
novel	O
piperazine	O
derivatives	O
were	O
designed	O
,	O
synthesized	O
,	O
and	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
cellular	B-COMP
target	O
-	O
effector	B-CHED
fusion	O
activities	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
against	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
.	O

Preliminary	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
target	O
compounds	O
were	O
concluded	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
and	O
five	O
compounds	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
exhibited	O
medium	O
to	O
potent	O
CCR5	B-PRGE
fusion	O
activities	O
with	O
IC	O
(	O
50	O
)	O
values	O
in	O
low	O
micromolar	O
level	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
refeeding	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
commenced	O
on	O
artificial	O
nutrition	B-PROC
support	O
.	O

Tertiary	O
outcome	O
:	O
mortality	O
due	O
to	O
refeeding	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
all	O
-	O
cause	O
mortality	O
.	O

This	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
included	O
children	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
SARI	O
(	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
definition	O
)	O
and	O
whose	O
laboratory	O
results	O
proved	O
RSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
period	O
from	O
February	O
2010	O
to	O
May	O
2011	O
.	O

Early	O
recognition	O
of	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
complicated	O
RSV	B-SPEC
disease	O
on	O
admission	O
prompts	O
early	O
interventions	O
and	O
early	O
ICU	O
admissions	O
for	O
these	O
children	O
.	O

After	O
a	O
long	O
period	O
of	O
very	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
impairment	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
was	O
progressively	O
favourable	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
discharged	O
from	O
ICU	O
with	O
full	O
respiratory	O
recovery	O
43	O
days	O
after	O
admission	O
.	O

Polymorphonuclear	O
leucocytes	B-ANAT
(	O
PMNs	O
)	O
are	O
activated	O
after	O
trauma	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
substantial	O
evidence	O
of	O
their	O
involvement	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
found	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
a	O
correlation	O
between	O
HBP	B-DISO
levels	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
026	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
47	O
),	O
but	O
not	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

HBP	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
potential	O
biomarker	B-CHED
candidate	O
for	O
early	O
detection	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
after	O
trauma	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
HBP	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
potential	O
biomarker	B-CHED
candidate	O
for	O
early	O
detection	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
after	O
trauma	O
.	O

Identification	O
of	O
the	O
receptor	O
will	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
pathogenesis	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
renal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
may	O
also	O
suggest	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
interventions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Activation	O
of	O
the	O
heat	B-PROC
shock	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
attenuates	O
the	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
amiloride	O
-	O
sensitive	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
ion	B-PROC
transport	I-PROC
.	O

Further	O
analysis	O
demonstrates	O
prolonged	O
preservation	O
of	O
αENaC	O
expression	B-PROC
by	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
heat	B-PROC
shock	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
that	O
involves	O
inducible	O
Hsp70	B-PRGE
.	O

We	O
did	O
this	O
study	O
to	O
find	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
included	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
40	O
(	O
89	O
%)	O
patients	O
,	O
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
5	O
(	O
11	O
%),	O
and	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
in	O
7	O
(	O
16	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
nitric	B-PRGE
oxide	I-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
(	O
NOS	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
not	O
well	O
understood	O
.	O

Accumulating	O
evidence	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
has	O
a	O
protective	O
role	O
in	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Loss	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
can	O
be	O
detrimental	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
leads	O
to	O
functional	O
deterioration	O
of	O
the	O
heart	B-ANAT
and	O
progression	O
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
,	O
renal	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
vascular	B-ANAT
pathologies	O
.	O

ACE2	B-PRGE
is	O
a	O
multifunctional	O
enzyme	O
and	O
thus	O
potentially	O
acts	O
on	O
other	O
vasoactive	O
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
such	O
as	O
Apelin	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
vital	O
regulator	O
of	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
and	O
myocardium	B-ANAT
contractility	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Visualizing	O
the	O
autophagy	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
in	O
avian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
and	O
its	O
application	O
to	O
studying	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
cloning	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
LC3	O
paralogs	O
A	O
,	O
B	O
and	O
C	O
from	O
the	O
domestic	O
chicken	B-SPEC
,	O
Gallus	B-PRGE
gallus	I-PRGE
domesticus	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
replication	O
-	O
deficient	O
,	O
recombinant	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
vectors	O
expressing	O
these	O
avian	B-SPEC
LC3s	O
tagged	O
with	O
EGFP	O
and	O
FLAG	B-PRGE
-	O
mCherry	O
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
process	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
able	O
to	O
up	O
-	O
regulate	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
and	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interferon	B-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
-	O
armed	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
trigger	O
rapid	O
and	O
sustained	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
cellular	B-ANAT
responses	O
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
comprehensive	O
experimental	O
approaches	O
ensure	O
that	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
IFNα	O
NP	O
-	O
corona	B-CHED
does	O
not	O
affect	O
the	O
biological	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
cytokine	O
,	O
as	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
was	O
efficiently	O
activated	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
sequence	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
primary	O
cause	O
of	O
altered	O
genomic	O
and	O
subgenomic	O
RNA	O
production	O
.	O

In	O
adults	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
early	O
application	O
of	O
HFOV	O
,	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
of	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
and	O
high	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
,	O
does	O
not	O
reduce	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
increase	O
,	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Systemic	O
hantavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
comatose	B-DISO
HIV	B-DISO
patient	O
].	O

Laboratory	O
analyses	O
showed	O
elevated	O
infection	B-DISO
parameters	O
,	O
azotemia	B-DISO
,	O
proteinuria	O
and	O
thrombopenia	O
.	O

An	O
early	O
-	O
goal	O
-	O
directed	O
therapy	O
and	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
with	O
Piperacillin	B-CHED
and	O
Tazobactam	O
was	O
initiated	O
.	O

Multiplex	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reactions	O
were	O
performed	O
for	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
PIVs	O
),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hCoV	O
),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
who	O
have	O
undergone	O
HSCT	O
are	O
common	O
and	O
are	O
frequently	O
acquired	O
during	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

Continuous	O
monitoring	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
immunocompromised	O
children	O
and	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
preventive	O
strategies	O
.	O

Alcohol	O
-	O
induced	O
GSH	B-DISO
depletion	O
or	O
oxidation	B-PROC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
impaired	B-DISO
functions	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
type	O
II	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
but	O
could	O
be	O
reversed	O
by	O
restoring	O
GSH	B-DISO
pools	O
in	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
lining	O
fluid	O
.	O

This	O
technique	O
is	O
also	O
proposed	O
for	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
more	O
various	O
results	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
represent	O
the	O
most	O
complete	O
description	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
diversity	O
in	O
any	O
wastewater	O
sample	O
to	O
date	O
,	O
provide	O
engineers	O
and	O
environmental	O
scientists	O
with	O
critical	O
information	O
on	O
important	O
viral	O
agents	O
and	O
routes	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
from	O
exposure	O
to	O
wastewater	O
and	O
sewage	O
sludge	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
represent	O
a	O
significant	O
leap	O
forward	O
in	O
understanding	O
the	O
pathogen	O
content	O
of	O
class	B-SPEC
B	O
biosolids	O
.	O

Supplemental	O
oxygen	B-CHED
is	O
often	O
necessary	O
in	O
both	O
mild	O
and	O
severe	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
determined	O
the	O
specific	O
effects	O
of	O
myeloid	O
ADORA2A	O
,	O
using	O
chimera	B-DISO
experiments	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
revealed	O
diffuse	O
reticulonodular	O
shadows	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
computed	O
tomography	O
showed	O
randomly	O
distributed	O
small	O
nodules	B-DISO
.	O

Recommendations	O
specific	O
to	O
pediatric	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
include	O
:	O
therapy	O
with	O
face	B-DISO
mask	O
oxygen	B-CHED
,	O
high	O
flow	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
oxygen	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
continuous	O
PEEP	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
hypoxemia	O
(	O
2C	O
),	O
use	O
of	O
physical	O
examination	O
therapeutic	O
endpoints	O
such	O
as	O
capillary	B-PROC
refill	I-PROC
(	O
2C	O
);	O
for	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
hypovolemia	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
crystalloids	O
or	O
albumin	B-PRGE
to	O
deliver	O
a	O
bolus	O
of	O
20	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
of	O
crystalloids	O
(	O
or	O
albumin	B-PRGE
equivalent	O
)	O
over	O
5	O
to	O
10	O
mins	O
(	O
2C	O
);	O
more	O
common	O
use	O
of	O
inotropes	O
and	O
vasodilators	O
for	O
low	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
elevated	O
systemic	B-PROC
vascular	I-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
(	O
2C	O
);	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
only	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
suspected	O
or	O
proven	O
""""	O
absolute	O
"""'"	O
adrenal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
(	O
2C	O
).	O

Sequence	O
comparisons	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
Sczy3	O
genome	O
had	O
the	O
highest	O
nt	O
sequence	O
identity	O
with	O
QX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
IBVs	I-PRGE
and	O
was	O
most	O
dissimilar	O
to	O
the	O
Massachusetts	O
type	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Of	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
or	O
aspirates	B-ANAT
and	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
samples	O
submitted	O
for	O
RV15	O
testing	O
,	O
199	O
retrospectively	O
collected	O
positive	O
specimens	O
and	O
283	O
prospectively	O
collected	O
specimens	O
were	O
further	O
tested	O
with	O
RV16	O
and	O
xTAG	O
.	O

RV16	O
was	O
more	O
sensitive	O
than	O
xTAG	O
for	O
coronavirus	O
OC43	O
/	O
HKU1	O
(	O
100	O
%	O
versus	O
26	O
.	O
1	O
%;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
100	O
%	O
versus	O
79	O
.	O
5	O
%;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
but	O
was	O
less	O
sensitive	O
than	O
xTAG	O
for	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
89	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
versus	O
97	O
.	O
9	O
%;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
improvement	O
of	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
for	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
is	O
required	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
candidate	O
gene	O
polymorphisms	O
and	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

Results	O
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
proteomic	O
and	O
chromatin	B-COMP
immunoprecipitation	O
assay	O
analyses	O
and	O
in	O
parallel	O
microarray	O
studies	O
using	O
infected	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
cultures	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Monovalent	O
antisera	O
of	O
3	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
and	O
7	O
representative	O
field	O
isolates	O
were	O
prepared	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
comparison	O
of	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
the	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
I	O
of	O
S1	O
gene	O
(	O
HVR	O
I	O
from	O
3	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	B-DISO
)	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
(	O
H120	O
,	O
Ma5	O
and	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
)	O
,	O
one	O
reference	O
strain	O
M41	O
and	O
26	O
IB	B-DISO
field	O
isolates	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
characteristics	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
pH1N1	O
patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
assess	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
severity	O
among	O
asthma	B-PATH
patients	O
.	O

Influenza	B-DISO
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
should	O
be	O
started	O
early	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
those	O
with	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

Using	O
this	O
ventilatory	O
setting	O
,	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
validation	O
cohort	O
were	O
reclassified	O
as	O
having	O
mild	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
47	O
,	O
mortality	O
17	O
%),	O
moderate	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
149	O
,	O
mortality	O
40	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
86	O
,	O
mortality	O
58	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
00001	O
).	O

There	O
is	O
consistent	O
evidence	O
that	O
downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
systemic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
with	O
prolonged	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
treatment	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
improves	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
organ	B-ANAT
physiology	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
HCoVs	O
in	O
the	O
etiology	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
(	O
AGE	O
)	O
in	O
children	O
<	O
6	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

All	O
four	O
HCoVs	O
species	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
stool	B-ANAT
and	O
NP	O
samples	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
potential	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
sites	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
varied	O
from	O
5	O
to	O
12	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Corticosteroids	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
widely	O
administered	O
in	O
critically	O
ill	O
patients	O
for	O
various	O
indications	O
.	O

But	O
use	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
carries	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
severe	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
,	O
partly	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
anti	O
-	O
infammatory	O
effects	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protection	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
multivalent	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
and	O
boosting	O
with	O
an	O
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
.	O

A	O
prime	O
-	O
boost	O
immunization	O
protocol	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
was	O
developed	O
.	O

The	O
serum	B-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
in	O
the	O
prime	O
-	O
boost	O
birds	B-SPEC
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
multivalent	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
but	O
not	O
significantly	O
different	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
group	O
at	O
49	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

Since	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
highly	O
conserved	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
candidate	O
protein	B-CHED
for	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
Chinese	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
consist	O
of	O
1326	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
and	O
encode	O
a	O
441	O
-	O
aa	O
-	O
long	O
peptide	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
obtain	O
data	O
that	O
would	O
facilitate	O
this	O
estimation	O
,	O
a	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
the	O
data	O
from	O
18	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
vaccination	O
-	O
challenge	O
experiments	O
performed	O
at	O
the	O
Dutch	O
Animal	B-SPEC
Health	O
Service	O
Deventer	O
,	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
(	O
GD	O
)	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
determine	O
and	O
quantify	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
variation	O
in	O
the	O
mean	O
level	O
of	O
protection	O
of	O
different	O
groups	O
.	O

Angiogenic	B-PROC
factors	O
and	O
their	O
receptors	O
,	O
including	O
vascular	B-PROC
endothelial	B-ANAT
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PROC
(	O
VEGF	B-PROC
)/	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
VEGFR	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
the	O
angiopoietin	O
(	O
Ang	O
)/	O
Tie2	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
play	O
pivotal	O
roles	O
in	O
both	O
angiogenesis	B-PROC
and	O
microvascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Plasma	B-ANAT
kallistatin	I-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Plasma	B-PRGE
kallistatin	I-PRGE
,	O
kallikrein	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
other	O
biomarkers	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
(	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
),	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
CRP	B-PRGE
)),	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
coagulation	B-PROC
(	O
protein	B-CHED
C	O
,	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
thrombin	I-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
)	O
were	O
measured	O
on	O
days	O
1	O
and	O
4	O
of	O
ICU	O
admission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Atrial	B-ANAT
chaotic	O
tachycardia	O
during	O
a	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
NL63	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Review	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
is	O
to	O
give	O
an	O
update	O
on	O
the	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
currently	O
circulating	O
in	O
commercial	O
chickens	B-SPEC
worldwide	O
and	O
hopefully	O
to	O
present	O
a	O
clear	O
picture	O
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Protein	B-PROC
ubiquitination	B-PROC
regulates	O
important	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
enzyme	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
by	O
cleaving	O
a	O
site	O
within	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
polyproteins	I-PRGE
and	O
also	O
removes	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
from	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
dissect	O
this	O
dual	O
specificity	O
,	O
which	O
relies	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
catalytic	O
site	O
,	O
we	O
determined	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
equine	B-SPEC
arteritis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
PLP2	B-PRGE
in	O
complex	O
with	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
(	O
1	O
.	O
45	O
Å	O
).	O

PLP2	B-PRGE
binds	B-FUNC
ubiquitin	B-PROC
using	O
a	O
zinc	B-CHED
finger	B-ANAT
that	O
is	O
uniquely	O
integrated	O
into	O
an	O
exceptionally	O
compact	O
OTU	O
-	O
domain	O
fold	O
that	O
represents	O
a	O
new	O
subclass	O
of	O
zinc	B-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
OTU	B-PRGE
DUBs	I-PRGE
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
the	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
surface	O
is	O
distant	O
from	O
the	O
catalytic	O
site	O
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
us	O
to	O
mutate	B-PROC
this	O
surface	O
to	O
significantly	O
reduce	O
DUB	O
activity	O
without	O
affecting	O
polyprotein	O
cleavage	B-PROC
.	O

Fluid	O
accumulation	O
into	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
is	O
a	O
general	O
finding	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
normal	B-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
levels	O
,	O
the	O
HBP	B-DISO
concentrations	O
were	O
highly	O
elevated	O
at	O
baseline	O
and	O
at	O
day	O
2	O
:	O
98	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
(	O
62	O
-	O
183	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
)	O
and	O
93	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
(	O
62	O
-	O
271	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
0	O
.	O
876	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Postpneumonectomy	O
syndrome	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
condition	B-DISO
that	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
resulting	O
from	O
an	O
extreme	O
mediastinal	B-ANAT
shift	O
and	O
bronchial	B-DISO
compression	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
residual	O
lung	B-ANAT
following	O
surgical	O
pneumonectomy	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
developed	O
cor	B-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
his	O
extensive	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
suitable	O
candidate	O
for	O
surgical	O
intervention	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
a	O
rare	O
case	O
of	O
postpneumonectomy	O
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
as	O
sequelae	O
of	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
parenchymal	O
tuberculosis	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
along	O
with	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
literature	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
hopes	O
of	O
aiding	O
clinicians	O
to	O
include	O
the	O
differential	O
of	O
postpneumonectomy	O
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
worsening	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
without	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
surgical	O
lung	B-ANAT
resection	O
.	O

The	O
sporadic	O
nature	O
of	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
hampers	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
these	O
diseases	O
and	O
limits	O
the	O
opportunities	O
to	O
design	O
appropriate	O
medical	O
countermeasures	O
against	O
them	O
.	O

SF	O
-	O
aero	O
induced	O
less	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Its	O
genome	O
was	O
analyzed	O
by	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequencing	O
and	O
was	O
determined	O
to	O
have	O
31	O
,	O
029	O
bp	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
(	O
IAH	O
)	O
contributes	O
to	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
and	O
leads	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
abdominal	B-DISO
compartment	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ACS	B-FUNC
).	O

There	O
is	O
an	O
accumulating	O
evidence	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
studies	O
that	O
changes	O
of	O
perfusion	O
,	O
particularly	O
to	O
the	O
microvasculature	B-PROC
,	O
are	O
crucial	O
events	O
in	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
AP	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Greece	O
.	O

Mild	O
disease	O
or	O
asymptomatic	O
carriage	O
are	O
probably	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
common	O
outcomes	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Of	O
the	O
5	O
,	O
318	O
submitted	O
clinical	O
samples	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
350	O
(	O
63	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
specimens	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
under	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
over	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Osteonecrosis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
:	O
seven	O
years	O
later	O
.	O

The	O
structure	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
discussed	O
and	O
rationalized	O
by	O
docking	B-PROC
simulations	O
.	O

Beginning	O
in	O
April	O
2010	O
,	O
we	O
conducted	O
an	O
observational	O
cohort	O
study	O
at	O
five	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Mexico	O
City	O
,	O
enrolling	O
subjects	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
criteria	O
for	O
ILI	O
.	O

Six	O
percent	O
of	O
subjects	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
of	O
those	O
,	O
54	O
%	O
had	O
no	O
pathogen	O
identified	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
to	O
be	O
infected	O
is	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
type	I-ANAT
II	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
series	O
of	O
trans	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
aryl	O
acrylic	O
acids	O
1	O
-	O
27	O
and	O
their	O
derivatives	O
28	O
-	O
34	O
were	O
prepared	O
and	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
tobacco	B-SPEC
mosaic	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
TMV	B-SPEC
)	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O

Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
believed	O
to	O
result	O
from	O
an	O
aberrant	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
that	O
attacks	O
nerve	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

Supportive	O
therapy	O
includes	O
controlling	O
pain	O
with	O
nonsteroidal	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
inflammatory	I-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
,	O
carbamazepine	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
gabapentin	B-CHED
;	O
monitoring	O
for	O
respiratory	O
and	O
autonomic	B-ANAT
complications	O
;	O
and	O
preventing	O
venous	B-DISO
thrombosis	I-DISO
,	O
skin	B-ANAT
breakdown	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
deconditioning	O
.	O

For	O
future	O
pandemics	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
identified	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
all	O
staff	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
basic	O
understanding	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
;	O
strengthen	O
inter	O
-	O
professional	O
collaboration	O
and	O
communication	O
;	O
provision	O
for	O
more	O
support	O
and	O
recognition	O
of	O
these	O
highly	O
specialized	O
nurses	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
providing	O
regular	O
pandemic	O
updates	O
and	O
offering	O
counselling	O
services	O
.	O

Like	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EMC	I-PRGE
is	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
origin	O
and	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
.	O

AKI	O
occurred	O
in	O
63	O
patients	O
(	O
32	O
%),	O
with	O
maximum	O
RIFLE	O
class	B-SPEC
R	O
(	O
Risk	O
),	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
(	O
Injury	O
)	O
and	O
class	B-SPEC
F	O
(	O
Failure	O
)	O
in	O
27	O
(	O
43	O
%),	O
23	O
(	O
37	O
%)	O
and	O
13	O
(	O
21	O
%)	O
patients	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Poor	O
prognostic	O
factors	O
were	O
delayed	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
anaemia	B-DISO
,	O
severe	O
AKI	O
,	O
shock	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
need	O
for	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
,	O
raised	O
serum	B-PRGE
transaminases	I-PRGE
and	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bronchiolitis	B-DISO
obliterans	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
restrictive	O
allograft	O
syndrome	B-DISO
:	O
do	O
risk	O
factors	O
differ	O
?	O

Once	O
cultured	O
in	O
Transwells	O
,	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
LCC	B-DISO
must	O
be	O
handled	O
with	O
care	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelium	B-ANAT
(	O
HAE	O
)	O
represents	O
the	O
entry	O
port	O
of	O
many	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
).	O

TCoV	O
viral	O
RNA	O
loads	O
measured	O
by	O
quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
were	O
lower	O
in	O
vaccinated	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
than	O
those	O
in	O
challenge	O
control	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
defined	O
as	O
acute	O
-	O
onset	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
bilateral	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
and	O
an	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
OI	O
)	O
higher	O
than	O
13	O
despite	O
maximal	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
.	O

Nearly	O
10	O
,	O
843	O
patients	O
underwent	O
surgery	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
incidence	O
rate	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
76	O
%	O
(	O
83	O
/	O
10	O
,	O
843	O
),	O
with	O
64	O
patients	O
(	O
77	O
%,	O
64	O
/	O
83	O
)	O
receiving	O
HFOV	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
and	O
RRTIs	O
before	O
surgery	O
were	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

Phenotypic	O
analysis	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
FIP	B-DISO
cats	B-SPEC
revealed	O
an	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
activation	O
markers	O
(	O
CD16	O
and	O
CD25	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
migration	B-PROC
markers	O
(	O
CD11b	B-PRGE
and	O
CD62L	B-PRGE
)	O
while	O
LN	O
-	O
derived	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
showed	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
only	O
CD16	B-PRGE
and	O
CD62L	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
nucleotide	O
sequences	O
of	O
a	O
region	O
including	O
S1	O
,	O
S2	O
,	O
3a	O
,	O
3b	O
and	O
E	O
genes	O
of	O
twenty	O
-	O
seven	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
isolates	O
in	O
Korea	O
between	O
1990	O
-	O
2011	O
were	O
determined	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
and	O
computational	O
recombination	B-PROC
analyses	O
were	O
conducted	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
multiple	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotypes	O
have	O
co	O
-	O
circulated	O
;	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
recurred	O
and	O
new	O
recombinants	O
have	O
emerged	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

Immunoreactivity	B-PROC
was	O
only	O
completely	O
lost	B-CHED
in	O
light	O
-	O
exposed	O
sections	O
and	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
1	O
month	O
for	O
CD45	B-PRGE
.	O

Other	O
markers	O
with	O
complete	O
loss	O
of	O
immunoreactivity	B-PROC
were	O
bovine	B-PRGE
viral	I-PRGE
diarrhea	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
CD18	I-PRGE
(	O
only	O
with	O
fluorescent	O
light	O
),	O
CD31	B-PRGE
,	O
CD68	B-PRGE
,	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
,	O
chromogranins	O
,	O
and	O
thyroid	B-ANAT
transcription	B-PROC
factor	O
-	O
1	O
.	O

A	O
repeat	O
CXR	O
confirmed	O
correct	O
positioning	O
of	O
the	O
chest	O
tube	O
and	O
reexpansion	O
of	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
first	O
9	O
cases	O
were	O
in	O
individuals	O
resident	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
3	O
cases	O
were	O
in	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
resident	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Heterogeneity	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
secondary	O
cases	O
caused	O
per	O
infectious	B-DISO
individual	O
is	O
a	O
plausible	O
explanation	O
for	O
the	O
observed	O
skewness	O
in	O
genotypic	O
cluster	O
size	O
distribution	O
of	O
TB	O
.	O

Results	O
of	O
a	O
skin	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
were	O
compatible	O
with	O
TEN	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
exposure	O
to	O
high	O
-	O
concentration	O
mixture	B-CHED
of	O
ethenone	B-CHED
and	O
crotonaldehyde	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
report	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
one	O
to	O
present	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
relation	O
to	O
long	O
-	O
standing	B-PROC
exposure	O
to	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
concentration	O
mixture	B-CHED
of	O
ethenone	B-CHED
and	O
crotonaldehyde	B-CHED
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Exposure	O
to	O
mixtures	O
of	O
ethenone	B-CHED
and	O
crotonaldehyde	B-CHED
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
leading	O
to	O
delayed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
selectively	O
package	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
into	O
assembled	O
virions	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
great	O
molar	B-ANAT
excess	O
of	O
subgenomic	O
RNA	O
species	B-SPEC
that	O
is	O
present	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
resembles	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
productively	O
infecting	O
primary	O
and	O
continuous	O
cells	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
airways	O
and	O
in	O
preventing	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
)-	O
mediated	O
antiviral	B-CHED
alpha	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
)	O
responses	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
can	O
utilize	O
a	O
broad	O
range	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
substrates	O
and	O
suppress	O
IFN	B-PRGE
induction	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
reach	B-PROC
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
resistance	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
this	O
updated	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
searched	O
the	O
Cochrane	O
Central	O
Register	O
of	O
Controlled	O
Trials	O
(	O
CENTRAL	O
)	O
(	O
The	O
Cochrane	O
Library	O
2011	O
,	O
Issue	O
11	O
);	O
CINAHL	O
(	O
Cumulative	O
Index	O
to	O
Nursing	B-PROC
&	O
Allied	O
Health	O
Literature	O
)	O
via	O
Ovid	O
(	O
1982	O
to	O
November	O
2011	O
);	O
Ovid	O
MEDLINE	O
(	O
1950	O
to	O
November	O
2011	O
);	O
and	O
Ovid	O
EMBASE	O
(	O
1982	O
to	O
November	O
2011	O
).	O

Clinically	O
relevant	O
outcome	O
measures	O
should	O
be	O
assessed	O
(	O
mortality	O
at	O
discharge	B-ANAT
and	O
later	O
,	O
duration	O
of	O
both	O
respiratory	O
support	O
and	O
hospital	O
stay	O
,	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
neurodevelopmental	O
outcomes	O
).	O

It	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
autoprocessing	O
mechanism	O
of	O
these	O
proteases	O
from	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
drug	O
design	O
.	O

Such	O
cleavage	B-PROC
mainly	O
occurs	O
in	O
a	O
trans	O
manner	O
;	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
the	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
form	O
dimer	O
cleaves	O
the	O
monomeric	O
form	O
.	O

The	O
stimulation	O
by	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
sequence	O
removal	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
cis	B-DISO
(	O
intra	O
-	O
dimer	O
and	O
inter	O
-	O
protomer	O
)	O
effect	O
of	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
new	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
,	O
whereas	O
that	O
by	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
cleavage	B-PROC
is	O
due	O
to	O
removal	O
of	O
its	O
trans	O
(	O
inter	O
-	O
dimer	O
)	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
target	O
damage	O
during	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
endothelium	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
low	O
levels	O
of	O
endocan	O
may	O
result	O
from	O
proteolysis	B-PROC
was	O
tested	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infections	O
among	O
different	O
subsets	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
recent	O
prevalent	O
Korean	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
field	O
isolates	O
are	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
Chinese	O
field	O
strains	O
and	O
differ	O
genetically	O
from	O
the	O
European	O
strains	O
and	O
the	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
used	O
in	O
Korea	O
,	O
which	O
raises	O
questions	O
of	O
whether	O
a	O
new	O
-	O
type	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
may	O
be	O
necessary	O
for	O
preventing	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
more	O
effectively	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Granulomatous	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
diseases	O
].	O

Granulomatous	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
often	O
accompanied	O
by	O
severe	O
,	O
systemic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Sarcoidosis	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
granulomatous	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
granuloma	I-DISO
also	O
evolve	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
rheumatoid	B-PATH
arthritis	I-PATH
,	O
granulomatosis	B-DISO
with	O
polyangiitis	O
(	O
GBA	O
,	O
Wegener	O
'	O
s	O
)	O
and	O
eosinophilic	O
granulomatosis	B-DISO
with	O
polyangiitis	O
(	O
EGPA	O
,	O
Churg	O
-	O
Strauss	O
syndrome	O
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
immunodeficiencies	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
common	B-DISO
variable	I-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
(	O
CVID	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
immune	B-DISO
reconstitution	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
systemic	O
granulomatous	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
agalactiae	I-SPEC
(	O
Group	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
streptococcus	I-SPEC
,	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
emerged	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
pathogen	O
that	O
affects	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
aquatic	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
on	O
S	O
.	O
agalactiae	O
natural	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
domestic	B-SPEC
rabbits	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
hCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
(	O
EMC	B-COMP
-	O
S	O
)	O
is	O
incorporated	O
into	O
lentiviral	O
particles	O
and	O
mediates	O
transduction	B-PROC
of	O
human	B-SPEC
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
derived	O
from	O
different	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
including	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
colon	B-ANAT
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

Intestinal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
76	O
turkey	B-SPEC
flocks	O
from	O
different	O
Brazilian	O
states	O
affected	O
or	O
not	O
with	O
intestinal	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
groups	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
(	O
TAV	B-SPEC
),	O
astrovirus	O
types	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
(	O
TAstV	O
-	O
1	O
and	O
TAstV	O
-	O
2	O
),	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCoV	O
),	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
nephritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
ANV	O
)	O
using	O
PCR	O
.	O

An	O
increase	O
in	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
percentage	O
coincided	O
with	O
a	O
decreased	O
heterophil	B-ANAT
percentage	O
and	O
heterophil	B-ANAT
to	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
ratio	O
(	O
d	O
14	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
HYPER	O
group	O
.	O

Independent	O
of	O
T4	O
treatment	O
,	O
cold	B-DISO
exposure	O
was	O
generally	O
associated	O
with	O
decreased	O
immune	O
functions	O
at	O
early	O
stages	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
suggested	O
that	O
oral	B-ANAT
exposure	O
of	O
broiler	O
breeder	O
hens	O
to	O
1	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
of	O
T4	O
not	O
only	O
had	O
no	O
adverse	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
on	O
immune	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
but	O
also	O
modulated	O
early	O
adaptive	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
progeny	O
chicks	O
for	O
which	O
the	O
causal	O
mechanisms	O
remain	O
to	O
be	O
unraveled	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
seroprevalence	O
of	O
T	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
gondii	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

Studies	O
with	O
hamsters	B-SPEC
demonstrated	O
that	O
in	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
a	O
noncardiogenic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
occurs	O
consequently	O
to	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
clearance	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
fluid	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
sodium	O
transporter	O
in	O
the	O
luminal	B-ANAT
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
ENaC	O
)	O
and	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
NKCC1	B-PRGE
basolateral	I-PRGE
membrane	I-PRGE
transporter	I-PRGE
.	O

Clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
revealed	O
severe	O
cardiac	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
need	O
for	O
adrenergic	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
therapy	O
for	O
circulatory	B-PROC
support	O
.	O

The	O
immediate	O
initiation	O
of	O
a	O
mechanical	O
circulatory	B-PROC
support	O
by	O
an	O
Extracorporal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenator	O
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
facilitated	O
rapid	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
stabilization	O
and	O
recovery	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
function	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
nonphysiological	O
concentration	O
of	O
Ca	O
-	O
ions	B-CHED
the	O
channel	O
develops	O
channel	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
.	O

However	O
,	O
this	O
can	O
be	O
similar	O
to	O
other	O
diseases	O
causing	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
or	O
severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
so	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
can	O
be	O
delayed	O
.	O

The	O
cause	O
of	O
this	O
disease	O
in	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
is	O
unknown	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
some	O
cases	O
may	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
smoke	O
,	O
other	O
patients	O
inhaled	B-PROC
dust	O
or	O
drugs	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
shows	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
dramatic	O
positive	O
response	O
without	O
recurrence	B-DISO
.	O

DPP4	B-PRGE
specifically	O
co	O
-	O
purified	O
with	O
the	O
receptor	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
hCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EMC	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
from	O
lysates	O
of	O
susceptible	O
Huh	O
-	O
7	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Update	O
:	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
--	O
worldwide	O
,	O
2012	O
-	O
2013	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
will	O
give	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
strengths	O
and	O
weaknesses	B-DISO
of	O
imaging	O
modalities	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
and	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
occurred	O
earlier	O
(	O
median	O
day	O
1	O
)	O
than	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
median	O
day	O
3	O
).	O

Patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
succumbed	O
to	O
complications	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
prolonged	O
stay	O
on	O
ICU	O
rather	O
than	O
malaria	B-PATH
per	O
se	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
transfected	O
with	O
plasmids	O
that	O
encoded	O
the	O
mutant	B-DISO
(	O
R106A	O
)	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
infected	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
matrix	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
decreased	O
by	O
7	O
-	O
fold	O
compared	O
to	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
were	O
transfected	O
with	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
finding	O
suggests	O
that	O
R106	O
,	O
by	O
enhancing	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
viral	O
RNA	O
plays	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

If	O
these	O
complications	O
occur	O
even	O
with	O
initial	O
treatment	O
with	O
dantrolene	B-CHED
,	O
our	O
experiences	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
adjunctive	O
treatments	O
to	O
consider	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Natural	O
disasters	O
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
epidemics	O
,	O
terrorism	O
,	O
and	O
major	O
events	O
like	O
the	O
nuclear	O
incident	O
at	O
Fukushima	O
all	O
pose	O
major	O
potential	O
challenges	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
security	O
.	O

Events	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
anthrax	B-DISO
letters	O
of	O
2001	O
,	O
Hurricanes	O
Katrina	O
,	O
Irene	O
,	O
and	O
Sandy	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
pandemic	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
,	O
and	O
national	O
security	O
efforts	O
are	O
interconnected	O
.	O

All	O
cases	O
of	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
are	O
potentially	O
severe	O
and	O
life	O
threatening	O
,	O
especially	O
when	O
managed	O
inappropriately	O
.	O

Total	O
29	O
(	O
61	O
.	O
70	O
%)	O
patients	O
had	O
jaundice	B-DISO
of	O
which	O
20	O
were	O
with	O
anemia	B-DISO
.	O

Total	O
22	O
(	O
46	O
.	O
80	O
%)	O
had	O
anemia	B-DISO
of	O
which	O
20	O
were	O
with	O
jaundice	B-DISO
.	O

One	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
12	O
%)	O
patient	O
had	O
four	O
complications	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
with	O
ARF	B-DISO
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
thrombocytopenia	O
with	O
100	O
%	O
mortality	O
.	O

No	O
plague	B-DISO
cases	O
occurred	O
among	O
family	B-SPEC
and	O
village	O
contacts	O
and	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
.	O

Principles	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
include	O
:	O
a	O
)	O
prevention	O
of	O
volutrauma	O
(	O
tidal	O
volume	O
4	O
to	O
8	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
with	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
<	O
30	O
cmH2O	O
);	O
b	O
)	O
prevention	O
of	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
(	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
≥	O
5	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
as	O
needed	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
);	O
c	O
)	O
adequate	O
ventilation	O
(	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
20	O
to	O
35	O
breaths	O
per	O
minute	O
);	O
and	O
d	O
)	O
prevention	O
of	O
hyperoxia	B-DISO
(	O
titrate	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
concentration	O
to	O
peripheral	B-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
saturation	I-PROC
(	O
SpO2	O
)	O
levels	O
of	O
88	O
to	O
95	O
%).	O

Most	O
patients	O
tolerate	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
well	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
excessive	O
sedation	O
.	O

We	O
prospectively	O
followed	O
patients	O
with	O
femoral	B-ANAT
midshaft	O
fracture	O
,	O
Injury	O
Severity	O
Score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
)	O
>	O
16	O
points	O
,	O
or	O
three	O
fractures	O
and	O
Abbreviated	O
Injury	O
Scale	O
(	O
AIS	B-DISO
)	O
≥	O
2	O
points	O
and	O
another	O
injury	O
(	O
AIS	B-DISO
≥	O
2	O
points	O
),	O
and	O
age	O
18	O
to	O
65	O
years	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
reports	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
occurred	O
in	O
Mexico	O
:	O
a	O
39	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
diabetes	B-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
type	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
and	O
obesity	B-DISO
grade	O
II	O
,	O
which	O
suffered	B-DISO
atypical	O
and	O
aggressive	B-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
positive	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Its	O
behavior	O
in	O
pregnancy	O
,	O
reported	O
by	O
Assistant	O
General	O
Direction	O
of	O
Epidemiology	O
in	O
Mexico	O
,	O
has	O
placed	O
this	O
infection	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
women	O
.	O

The	O
incidences	O
of	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
were	O
lower	O
in	O
the	O
somatostatin	B-PRGE
,	O
somatostatin	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
ulinastatin	I-PRGE
,	O
somatostatin	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
miltiorrhiza	I-PRGE
and	O
somatostatin	B-PRGE
+	O
ulinastatin	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
miltiorrhiza	O
subgroups	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
basic	O
treatment	O
subgroup	O
.	O

FCoV	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
all	O
4	O
FIP	O
cat	B-SPEC
postmortem	O
samples	O
and	O
in	O
9	O
of	O
the	O
16	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
contemporary	O
-	O
asymptomatic	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
FCoV	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
all	O
4	O
FIP	B-DISO
cat	B-SPEC
postmortem	O
samples	O
and	O
in	O
9	O
of	O
the	O
16	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
contemporary	O
-	O
asymptomatic	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
continues	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
major	O
healthcare	O
problem	O
,	O
affecting	O
>	O
190	O
,	O
000	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
USA	O
annually	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
mortality	O
of	O
27	O
-	O
45	O
%,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
and	O
comorbidities	O
.	O

The	O
primers	O
were	O
designed	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
highly	O
conserved	O
regions	O
of	O
several	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
sequences	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
analysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
synthetic	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
transmembrane	B-COMP
serine	B-CHED
protease	I-PRGE
TMPRSS2	I-PRGE
suitable	O
for	O
inhibition	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
first	O
series	O
comprises	O
substrate	O
analogue	O
inhibitors	O
containing	O
a	O
4	O
-	O
amidinobenzylamide	O
moiety	O
at	O
the	O
P1	O
position	O
,	O
whereby	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
analogues	O
possess	B-DISO
inhibition	B-PROC
constants	O
of	O
approximately	O
20	O
nM	O
.	O
An	O
improved	O
potency	O
was	O
found	O
for	O
a	O
second	O
type	O
derived	O
from	O
sulfonylated	O
3	O
-	O
amindinophenylalanylamide	O
derivatives	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
studies	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
new	O
fluorogenic	O
substrates	O
containing	O
a	O
D	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
arginine	I-CHED
residue	I-CHED
at	O
the	O
P3	O
position	O
was	O
synthesized	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
efficiently	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
by	O
TMPRSS2	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
treated	O
aggressively	O
with	O
a	O
standard	O
detoxification	B-PROC
protocol	O
consisting	O
of	O
gastric	B-ANAT
lavage	O
,	O
active	O
charcoal	O
,	O
charcoal	O
hemoperfusion	O
,	O
and	O
cyclophosphamide	B-CHED
and	O
steroid	B-CHED
pulse	B-PROC
therapies	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
2	O
patients	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
multiple	O
-	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
despite	O
intensive	O
resuscitation	O
.	O

Evidently	O
,	O
a	O
prompt	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
paraquat	B-CHED
poisoning	O
and	O
an	O
immediate	O
institution	O
of	O
a	O
detoxification	B-PROC
protocol	O
is	O
a	O
prerequisite	O
for	O
a	O
favorable	O
outcome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
clearance	O
in	O
critical	O
care	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
aims	O
at	O
defining	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
and	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
pros	O
and	O
cons	O
of	O
clearing	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
and	O
the	O
modalities	O
that	O
may	O
enhance	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
clearance	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
transmembrane	I-PRGE
serine	B-CHED
proteases	I-PRGE
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
and	O
HAT	B-PRGE
cleave	O
the	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
229E	O
-	O
S	O
)	O
and	O
augment	O
229E	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
driven	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
and	O
HAT	B-PRGE
can	O
activate	O
229E	O
-	O
S	O
.	O
Indeed	O
,	O
engineered	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
and	O
HAT	B-PRGE
rendered	O
229E	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
driven	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
insensitive	O
to	O
an	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
,	O
a	O
protease	O
previously	O
shown	O
to	O
facilitate	O
HCoV	O
-	O
229E	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
evidence	O
was	O
obtained	O
that	O
activation	O
by	O
TMPRSS2	O
rescues	O
229E	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
dependent	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
from	O
inhibition	B-PROC
by	O
IFITM	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
sum	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
can	O
employ	O
redundant	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
to	O
ensure	O
its	O
activation	O
in	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Two	O
of	O
the	O
12	O
critical	O
residues	O
identified	O
to	O
be	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
N7	O
-	O
MTase	O
were	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
N	O
terminus	O
of	O
the	O
core	O
ExoN	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
,	O
reinforcing	O
a	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
ExoN	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
N7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
activity	O
of	O
nsp14	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
provide	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
functional	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
coronaviral	O
nsp14	B-PRGE
N7	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
.	O

Coinfections	B-DISO
were	O
present	O
in	O
21	O
samples	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
discharge	B-ANAT
diagnoses	O
were	O
""""	O
URTI	B-DISO
""""	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
LRTI	B-DISO
/	O
asthma	B-PATH
(	O
n	O
=	O
58	O
).	O

Coinfections	B-DISO
were	O
detected	O
in	O
21	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
.	O

Approximately	O
40	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
32	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
2	O
-(	O
3	O
-	O
amino	O
-	O
4	O
-	O
piperazinylphenyl	O
)	O
chromone	B-CHED
derivatives	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Amiodarone	B-CHED
pulmonary	B-DISO
toxicity	I-DISO
(	O
APT	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
serious	O
side	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
of	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
has	O
done	O
well	O
without	O
recurrence	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
AAC	O
remains	O
challenging	O
to	O
make	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
generally	O
occurs	O
as	O
a	O
secondary	O
event	O
in	O
acutely	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
another	O
disease	O
.	O

Ultrasonography	O
revealed	O
gallbladder	B-ANAT
with	O
wall	O
thickening	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
,	O
plus	O
other	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
major	O
criteria	O
.	O

During	O
this	O
process	O
,	O
gene	O
recombinations	B-PROC
often	O
occur	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
novel	O
subtype	O
or	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
emerge	O
constantly	O
.	O

This	O
minireview	O
summarized	O
major	O
advances	O
of	O
recently	O
identified	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
genome	O
structures	O
and	O
interspecies	O
jumping	O
mechanism	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chronic	O
Obstructive	O
Pulmonary	O
Disease	O
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
especially	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
,	O
that	O
have	O
a	O
heavy	O
burden	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

For	O
each	O
patient	O
we	O
recorded	O
anthropometric	O
and	O
anamnestic	O
data	O
,	O
smoking	O
habits	O
,	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
GOLD	B-CHED
(	O
Global	O
initiative	O
for	O
chronic	B-DISO
Obstructive	I-DISO
Lung	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
)	O
severity	O
stage	O
,	O
Body	B-ANAT
Mass	O
Index	O
(	O
BMI	O
),	O
number	O
of	O
acute	O
COPD	B-DISO
exacerbations	O
in	O
previous	O
years	O
,	O
presence	O
and	O
type	O
of	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Charlson	O
Comorbidity	O
Index	O
(	O
CCI	O
).	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
arterial	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
(	O
52	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
metabolic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
20	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
cancers	B-DISO
(	O
13	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
and	O
diabetes	B-DISO
(	O
11	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
study	O
group	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
anxiety	O
-	O
depression	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
females	O
(	O
13	O
%).	O

Exacerbation	O
frequency	O
was	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
score	O
and	O
negatively	O
with	O
BMI	O
.	O

Use	O
of	O
combination	O
of	O
bronchodilators	O
and	O
inhaled	B-PROC
corticosteroids	B-CHED
was	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
younger	O
patients	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
airways	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
and	O
lower	O
CCI	O
.	O

All	O
interactions	O
between	O
TIM1	B-PRGE
and	O
pseudoviruses	O
or	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
were	O
PS	O
-	O
mediated	O
,	O
as	O
demonstrated	O
with	O
liposome	O
blocking	B-DISO
and	O
TIM1	B-PRGE
mutagenesis	B-PROC
experiments	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
most	O
epidemiological	O
studies	O
on	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
were	O
carried	O
out	O
before	O
significant	O
developments	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
or	O
broader	O
application	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Progress	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
20	O
years	O
includes	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
for	O
CO2	B-CHED
removal	O
and	O
the	O
widespread	O
use	O
of	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilatory	O
strategies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mast	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
Canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
-	O
2	O
-	O
associated	O
enteritis	B-DISO
with	O
crypt	B-DISO
abscess	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
investigation	O
is	O
made	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
MCs	B-COMP
are	O
associated	O
with	O
Canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
-	O
2	O
(	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
)-	O
induced	O
enteritis	B-DISO
with	O
crypt	B-DISO
abscess	I-DISO
(	O
ECA	O
).	O

These	O
included	O
16	O
dogs	B-SPEC
exhibiting	O
ECA	O
positive	O
for	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
and	O
negative	O
for	O
Canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
and	O
fluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
test	O
,	O
12	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
bowel	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
IBD	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
6	O
non	O
-	O
ECA	O
/	O
non	O
-	O
IBD	B-DISO
(	O
control	O
)	O
dogs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
average	O
total	O
MCC	B-COMP
per	O
high	O
-	O
power	O
field	O
in	O
ECA	O
(	O
40	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
IBD	B-DISO
(	O
24	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
)	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
4	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
).	O

In	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
=	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
<	O
100	O
with	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
≥	O
5	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
),	O
current	O
recommendations	O
are	O
to	O
intubate	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
patient	O
and	O
use	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
prone	O
positioning	O
and	O
possibly	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
in	O
association	O
with	O
intravenous	O
sedation	B-DISO
.	O

Firstly	O
,	O
spontaneous	O
ventilation	O
(	O
SV	O
)	O
coupled	O
with	O
pressure	O
support	O
(	O
PS	O
)	O
ventilation	O
and	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
is	O
possible	O
from	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
onwards	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
possible	O
exception	O
of	O
the	O
short	O
period	O
following	O
immediately	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
localizes	O
in	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
),	O
inhibits	O
the	O
IEC	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
prolongs	O
S	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
phase	I-PROC
cell	B-PATH
cycle	I-PATH
.	O

These	O
findings	O
provide	O
novel	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
useful	O
in	O
understanding	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
responsible	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
two	O
cases	O
of	O
young	O
female	O
patients	O
afflicted	O
by	O
Lemierre	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
additional	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
present	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
literature	O
.	O

In	O
May	O
2010	O
,	O
a	O
malnourished	B-DISO
young	O
adult	O
male	O
mountain	O
lion	B-SPEC
(	O
Puma	B-SPEC
concolor	I-SPEC
)	O
from	O
Kern	B-CHED
County	O
,	O
California	B-SPEC
,	O
USA	O
was	O
euthanized	O
because	O
of	O
concern	O
for	O
public	O
safety	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
postmortem	O
examination	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

Congenital	B-DISO
CMV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
should	O
also	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
newborns	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
refractory	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
progression	O
to	O
early	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
association	O
between	O
breast	B-ANAT
milk	I-ANAT
-	O
transmitted	B-DISO
CMV	B-SPEC
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
cystic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
Wilson	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Mikity	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
has	O
also	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

Data	O
analysis	O
was	O
performed	O
by	O
a	O
multidisciplinary	O
team	O
using	O
a	O
grounded	O
theory	O
approach	O
to	O
generate	O
themes	O
inductively	O
from	O
respondents	O
'	O
expressed	B-PROC
perspectives	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Unusual	O
presentation	O
of	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
following	O
traumatic	O
bone	B-ANAT
injuries	O
:	O
report	O
of	O
two	O
cases	O
.	O

An	O
oxygenator	O
used	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
a	O
VAD	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
saving	O
therapy	O
,	O
allowing	O
adequate	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
ventilation	O
in	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
and	O
cardiac	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
),	O
has	O
recently	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Further	O
characterization	O
of	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EMC	I-PRGE
suggests	O
that	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
different	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
because	O
it	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
replicate	O
in	O
multiple	O
mammalian	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
lines	O
and	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
use	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
to	O
achieve	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
Guatemala	O
(	O
2011	O
population	O
14	O
.	O
7	O
million	O
persons	O
),	O
the	O
annual	O
number	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
cases	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
ranged	O
from	O
1	O
,	O
065	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
259	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
per	O
1	O
,	O
000	O
persons	O
)	O
among	O
children	O
<	O
5	O
years	O
old	O
and	O
779	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
252	O
cases	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
per	O
1	O
,	O
000	O
persons	O
)	O
for	O
persons	O
≥	O
5	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
year	O
and	O
base	O
rate	O
used	O
.	O

In	O
both	O
countries	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
hospitalized	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
cases	O
was	O
several	O
-	O
fold	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
hospitalized	O
cases	O
.	O

A	O
novel	O
reassortant	O
avian	B-SPEC
-	O
origin	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	B-PATH
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
obtained	O
from	O
all	O
three	O
patients	O
and	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
H7N9	B-PATH
.	O

A	O
T160A	O
mutation	O
was	O
identified	O
at	O
the	O
150	O
-	O
loop	O
in	O
the	O
HA	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
all	O
three	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Importantly	O
soluble	O
fibrinogen	B-COMP
in	O
acute	O
-	O
phase	O
concentrations	O
(	O
4	O
-	O
10	O
mg	O
mL	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
)	O
dose	O
-	O
dependently	O
reduced	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
firm	O
adhesion	B-DISO
to	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
-	O
activated	O
endothelium	B-ANAT
to	O
40	O
%	O
under	O
flow	O
conditions	O
.	O

The	O
histopathological	O
findings	O
in	O
the	O
affected	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
granulomatous	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Exposure	O
to	O
other	O
intercurrent	O
factors	O
,	O
including	O
adverse	O
weather	O
conditions	O
and	O
internal	O
parasitism	B-PROC
,	O
may	O
also	O
have	O
exacerbated	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reactive	I-PROC
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
'	O
sera	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
emerging	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
EMC	B-COMP
(	O
2012	O
)	O
by	O
both	O
immunofluorescent	O
and	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
tests	O
.	O

No	O
blood	B-ANAT
donor	B-CHED
had	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
either	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alcoholic	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
addition	O
to	O
its	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
association	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
infection	I-DISO
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
pneumonia	O
),	O
alcohol	B-DISO
abuse	I-DISO
now	O
is	O
recognized	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
factor	O
that	O
increases	O
by	O
three	O
-	O
to	O
four	O
-	O
fold	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
40	O
to	O
50	O
percent	O
.	O

This	O
translates	O
to	O
tens	O
of	O
thousands	O
of	O
excess	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
each	O
year	O
from	O
alcohol	O
-	O
mediated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
comparable	O
to	O
scarring	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
alcohol	O
-	O
related	O
mortality	O
.	O

Functional	O
signs	O
were	O
limited	O
to	O
respiratory	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
it	O
was	O
associated	O
to	O
dysphagia	B-DISO
in	O
six	O
cases	O
,	O
dry	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
five	O
cases	O
and	O
Raynaud	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
phenomenon	I-DISO
in	O
four	O
cases	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
by	O
steroids	B-CHED
with	O
improvement	O
of	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
and	O
stabilization	O
of	O
radiographs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
metapneumoviruses	B-SPEC
expressing	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
genes	O
are	O
stable	O
and	O
induce	O
protection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Relationship	O
between	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
and	O
PAI	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
4G	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
5G	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
polymorphisms	O
.	O

Empty	O
stomach	B-ANAT
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
from	O
cubital	O
veins	B-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
from	O
both	O
groups	O
.	O

In	O
one	O
cat	B-SPEC
,	O
two	O
different	O
lineages	O
of	O
FCoV	O
,	O
one	O
enteric	O
and	O
one	O
systemic	O
,	O
were	O
found	O
that	O
segregated	O
apart	O
in	O
the	O
M	O
gene	O
tree	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
multiple	O
etiologies	O
was	O
managed	O
with	O
ECMO	O
in	O
36	O
adults	O
.	O

ECMO	O
was	O
successfully	O
weaned	O
in	O
67	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
60	O
%	O
survived	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

ECMO	O
provides	O
support	O
that	O
prevents	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
while	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
heal	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
investigators	O
present	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
36	O
adults	O
with	O
refractory	O
hypoxemic	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
ratio	O
of	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
to	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
<	O
50	O
)	O
from	O
17	O
different	O
facilities	O
who	O
,	O
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
at	O
a	O
single	O
referral	O
center	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
60	O
%	O
survival	O
rate	O
.	O

This	O
relatively	O
young	O
age	O
is	O
in	O
sharp	O
contrast	O
to	O
the	O
ancient	O
evolutionary	O
history	O
of	O
their	O
putative	O
natural	O
hosts	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
began	O
diversifying	O
tens	O
of	O
millions	O
of	O
years	O
ago	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ultra	O
-	O
fast	B-FUNC
separation	B-DISO
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
small	O
DNA	O
molecules	O
by	O
single	O
-	O
and	O
multi	O
-	O
channel	O
microchip	O
electrophoresis	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
small	O
DNA	O
molecules	O
,	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
gene	O
of	O
the	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
amplified	O
using	O
reverse	O
transcript	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

These	O
two	O
model	O
solutions	O
correspond	O
to	O
significantly	O
different	O
mechanical	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
tissue	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
we	O
discuss	O
the	O
implications	O
of	O
these	O
different	O
properties	O
and	O
the	O
requirements	O
for	O
new	O
experimental	O
data	O
to	O
discriminate	O
between	O
the	O
hypotheses	O
.	O

A	O
tracheostomy	O
tube	O
was	O
placed	O
,	O
and	O
choanal	B-DISO
atresia	I-DISO
repair	B-PROC
was	O
eventually	O
performed	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
MAb	O
)	O
designated	O
7G7	O
,	O
against	O
the	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
generated	O
by	O
inoculating	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
followed	O
by	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
technique	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
variable	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
heavy	O
chain	O
(	O
VH	O
)	O
and	O
light	O
chain	O
(	O
VL	O
)	O
were	O
amplified	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
from	O
the	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
6E6	O
,	O
which	O
secretes	O
the	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
MAb	O
1H4	O
distinguished	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
from	O
other	O
control	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Transmission	O
tracking	O
technique	O
is	O
practicable	O
and	O
efficient	O
to	O
trace	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
analyze	O
the	O
transmission	O
tracks	O
,	O
establish	O
the	O
isolation	O
buffer	B-CHED
area	O
and	O
explore	O
the	O
important	O
geographic	O
positions	O
in	O
epidemiological	O
investigation	O
.	O

A	O
majority	O
of	O
respondents	O
reported	O
almost	O
always	O
prescribing	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
significant	O
bronchospasm	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patient	O
(	O
94	O
%),	O
recent	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
use	O
and	O
low	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
93	O
%),	O
and	O
vasopressor	O
-	O
refractory	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
52	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
experimental	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
survival	O
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
at	O
room	O
temperature	O
and	O
+	O
4	O
°	O
C	O
.	O

High	B-PRGE
mobility	I-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
box	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
),	O
which	O
was	O
identified	O
originally	O
as	O
a	O
DNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
,	O
has	O
been	O
proposed	O
as	O
a	O
mediator	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
its	O
anti	O
-	O
coagulant	O
activity	O
,	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
thrombomodulin	I-PRGE
(	O
rTM	O
)	O
possesses	B-DISO
an	O
ability	O
to	O
suppress	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
through	O
neutralizing	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
.	O

T	O
(	O
reg	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
reduced	O
significantly	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
those	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
LPS	B-DISO
alone	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
is	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
rTM	O
shows	O
therapeutic	O
effects	O
through	O
promoting	O
the	O
accumulation	O
of	O
T	O
(	O
reg	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
at	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
sites	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
,	O
fatal	O
,	O
systemic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
treatment	O
shown	O
to	O
increase	O
survival	O
rate	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
supportive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
using	O
low	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
therapy	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
when	O
patients	O
fail	O
to	O
improve	O
with	O
traditional	O
management	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
treated	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
protocol	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
.	O

Difficulties	O
in	O
doing	O
GWAS	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
interrogating	O
complex	O
genetic	O
traits	O
were	O
discussed	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
highlight	O
relevant	O
differences	O
between	O
these	O
distantly	O
related	O
zoonotic	O
CoVs	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
their	O
interaction	O
with	O
and	O
evasion	O
of	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

Most	O
often	O
seen	O
in	O
females	O
,	O
it	O
usually	O
begins	O
with	O
a	O
prodromal	O
phase	O
suggestive	O
of	O
an	O
acute	O
or	O
subclinical	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
that	O
lasts	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
2	O
weeks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
screened	O
fecal	O
specimens	O
of	O
4	O
,	O
758	O
bats	B-SPEC
from	O
Ghana	O
and	O
272	O
bats	B-SPEC
from	O
4	O
European	O
countries	O
for	O
betacoronaviruses	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
essential	O
immune	O
functions	O
of	O
FRCs	B-PROC
,	O
including	O
homeostatic	B-PRGE
chemokine	I-PRGE
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
,	O
were	O
impaired	B-DISO
.	O

Structure	O
analysis	O
of	O
new	O
compounds	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
5	O
)	O
by	O
NMR	O
showed	O
that	O
they	O
all	O
contain	O
a	O
3	O
,	O
4	O
-	O
dihydro	O
-	O
2H	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
pyran	I-CHED
moiety	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
208	O
base	B-FUNC
pair	I-FUNC
(	O
bp	O
)	O
sequence	O
of	O
novel	O
HCoV	O
reported	O
by	O
HPA	B-CHED
of	O
UK	O
,	O
we	O
designed	O
and	O
obtained	O
several	O
pairs	O
of	O
primer	O
(	O
F	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
R	O
-	O
1	O
;	O
F	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
R	O
-	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
Taqman	O
probes	O
(	O
TZ1	O
,	O
TZ2	O
)	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
novel	O
HCoV	O
.	O
Two	O
of	O
probes	O
were	O
modified	O
with	O
LNA	B-CHED
(	O
LNA	B-CHED
-	O
TZ1	O
,	O
LNA	B-CHED
-	O
TZ2	O
).	O

The	O
upE	O
or	O
LNA	B-CHED
-	O
TZ1	O
based	O
real	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
was	O
recommend	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
novel	O
HCoV	O
.	O
This	O
study	O
laid	O
a	O
foundation	O
for	O
improving	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
novel	O
HCoV	O
detection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
detection	O
and	O
clinical	O
feature	O
of	O
HcoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nL63	I-SPEC
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Lanzhou	O
city	O
].	O

From	O
November	O
2006	O
to	O
October	O
2009	O
,	O
1169	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
(	O
NPA	B-CHED
)	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
children	O
under	O
14	O
years	O
old	O
with	O
ARTIs	O
.	O

Samples	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
NL63	O
using	O
a	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
sequencing	O
.	O

25	O
(	O
25	O
/	O
35	O
,	O
71	O
.	O
43	O
%)	O
were	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
with	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
human	O
rhinovirus	O
(	O
HRV	O
)	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
additional	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
S	O
assembly	O
could	O
also	O
be	O
rescued	O
by	O
the	O
acidic	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	O
lower	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
:	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
and	O
meta	O
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
)	O
was	O
recently	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
a	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
resembling	O
the	O
illness	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Later	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
induced	O
a	O
massive	O
dysregulation	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
transcriptome	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
much	O
greater	O
extent	O
than	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
induced	O
a	O
similar	O
activation	O
of	O
pattern	O
recognition	O
receptors	O
and	O
the	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
17	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
)	O
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EMC	I-PRGE
specifically	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
several	O
genes	O
within	O
the	O
antigen	B-PROC
presentation	I-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
,	O
including	O
both	O
type	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
major	B-PROC
histocompatibility	I-PROC
complex	I-PROC
(	O
MHC	B-PROC
)	O
genes	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
elicit	O
distinct	O
host	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
responses	O
,	O
which	O
might	O
impact	O
in	O
vivo	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
could	O
orient	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
against	O
that	O
emergent	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Identification	O
of	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
causing	O
fatal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
raises	O
concerns	O
about	O
a	O
possible	O
widespread	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
similar	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Using	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
and	O
global	O
transcriptomic	O
profiling	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
between	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EMC	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
This	O
enables	O
rapid	O
assessment	O
of	O
viral	O
properties	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
anticipate	O
possible	O
differences	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
clinical	O
responses	O
to	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EMC	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
.	O
We	O
used	O
this	O
information	O
to	O
predict	O
potential	O
effective	O
drugs	O
against	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
,	O
a	O
method	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
more	O
generally	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
candidate	O
therapeutics	O
in	O
future	O
disease	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
will	O
help	O
to	O
generate	O
hypotheses	O
and	O
make	O
rapid	O
advancements	O
in	O
characterizing	O
this	O
new	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
new	O
definition	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
differentiates	O
three	O
levels	O
of	O
severity	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
hypoxaemia	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
complete	O
substrate	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
pocket	O
and	O
oxyanion	O
hole	O
in	O
both	O
protomers	O
suggests	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
both	O
catalytically	O
active	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
two	O
domain	O
IIIs	O
show	O
minor	O
reorganization	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
plays	O
a	O
multifunctional	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
life	O
cycle	O
,	O
from	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
replication	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
and	O
genome	O
packaging	O
to	O
modulation	O
of	O
host	O
cell	B-COMP
processes	I-COMP
.	O

Advances	O
in	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
virology	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
detection	O
of	O
other	O
lapine	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
are	O
now	O
recognized	O
as	O
agents	O
of	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
fourth	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
virus	B-SPEC
designated	O
leporid	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
4	I-SPEC
has	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
Canada	O
and	O
Alaska	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
:	O
10	O
year	O
experience	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
dieckol	B-CHED
(	O
8	O
)	O
exhibited	O
a	O
high	O
association	O
rate	O
in	O
the	O
SPR	O
sensorgram	O
and	O
formed	O
extremely	O
strong	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
bonds	O
to	O
the	O
catalytic	O
dyad	O
(	O
Cys145	O
and	O
His41	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Equine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
ECoV	O
)	O
outbreaks	O
have	O
occurred	O
three	O
times	O
at	O
Obihiro	O
Racecourse	O
in	O
Hokkaido	O
,	O
Japan	O
.	O

Several	O
studies	O
have	O
investigated	O
potential	O
treatments	O
for	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
has	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
against	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
FIPV	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
effect	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
indexes	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
were	O
improved	O
after	O
treatment	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emergence	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
causing	O
severe	O
human	B-SPEC
illness	O
-	O
China	O
,	O
February	O
-	O
April	O
2013	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
On	O
March	O
29	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	O
Center	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
completed	O
laboratory	O
confirmation	O
of	O
three	O
human	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
an	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
not	O
previously	O
reported	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
gain	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
mode	O
of	O
action	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
and	O
analyzed	O
38	O
mutants	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp1	I-PRGE
,	O
targeting	B-PROC
62	O
solvent	B-CHED
exposed	O
residues	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
180	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Dengue	O
is	O
a	O
mosquito	B-SPEC
-	O
borne	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
endemic	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
tropics	O
and	O
sub	O
-	O
tropics	O
.	O

Seven	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
thrombocytopenia	O
and	O
hypoalbuminemia	O
,	O
five	O
of	O
which	O
had	O
hemoconcentration	O
and	O
increased	O
ALT	B-FUNC
and	O
AST	B-PRGE
indicative	O
of	O
liver	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
uncommon	O
presentations	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
are	O
likely	O
a	O
reflection	O
of	O
the	O
changing	O
demographics	O
where	O
adults	O
are	O
now	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
contract	O
dengue	B-DISO
in	O
dengue	B-DISO
endemic	O
regions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Probe	O
Reports	O
from	O
the	O
NIH	O
Molecular	O
Libraries	O
Program	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
report	O
describes	O
the	O
high	O
throughput	O
screening	O
(	O
HTS	B-DISO
)	O
screening	O
and	O
optimization	O
of	O
a	O
lead	O
series	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
main	O
proteinase	B-PROC
3CLpro	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
leading	O
to	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
ML188	O
,	O
((	O

In	O
comparisons	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
subjects	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
18	O
)	O
and	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
without	O
PTSD	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
26	O
),	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
PTSD	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
18	O
)	O
had	O
significantly	O
lower	O
N	O
-	O
acetylaspartate	O
/	O
creatine	B-CHED
(	O
NAA	B-CHED
/	O
Cr	O
)	O
in	O
4	O
regions	O
of	O
interest	O
while	O
the	O
NAA	B-CHED
/	O
Cr	O
of	O
the	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
controls	O
in	O
3	O
regions	O
of	O
interest	O
(	O
ACG	O
,	O
PCG	O
and	O
LAPWM	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
comparisons	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
subjects	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
18	O
)	O
and	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
without	O
PTSD	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
26	O
),	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
PTSD	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
18	O
)	O
had	O
significantly	O
lower	O
N	O
-	O
acetylaspartate	O
/	O
creatine	B-CHED
(	O
NAA	B-CHED
/	O
Cr	O
)	O
in	O
4	O
regions	O
of	O
interest	O
while	O
the	O
NAA	B-CHED
/	O
Cr	O
of	O
the	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
controls	O
in	O
3	O
regions	O
of	O
interest	O
(	O
ACG	O
,	O
PCG	O
and	O
LAPWM	O
).	O

The	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
two	O
major	O
groups	O
of	O
Chinese	O
PEDVs	O
,	O
a	O
Japanese	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
group	O
and	O
a	O
Korean	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
group	O
.	O

The	O
immunoreactivity	B-PROC
between	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
particles	O
or	O
the	O
bacterially	O
expressed	B-PROC
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
anti	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
assays	O
and	O
Western	O
blot	O
.	O

After	O
four	O
rounds	O
of	O
biopanning	O
,	O
10	O
monoclonal	O
phages	O
with	O
specific	O
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
to	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RBD	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
obtained	O
and	O
subjected	O
to	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
diagnostic	O
assays	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
silico	O
identification	O
of	O
T	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
is	O
emerging	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
methodology	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
epitope	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
against	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
cancer	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
56	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
paraplegia	O
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
neuromyelitis	B-DISO
optica	I-DISO
(	O
Devic	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
injury	O
unit	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
a	O
sacral	B-ANAT
decubitus	B-DISO
ulcer	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
reason	O
that	O
the	O
recalcitrant	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
hypokalemia	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
several	O
mechanisms	O
including	O
total	O
body	B-ANAT
potassium	B-DISO
depletion	I-DISO
(	O
chronic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
),	O
a	O
shift	O
of	O
potassium	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
extracellular	B-COMP
to	O
intracellular	B-COMP
space	O
(	O
rapid	O
correction	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
),	O
increased	O
sodium	O
delivery	O
to	O
the	O
distal	O
nephron	B-ANAT
(	O
normal	O
saline	O
resuscitation	O
),	O
hyperaldosteronism	B-DISO
(	O
secondary	O
to	O
hypotension	O
plus	O
administration	O
of	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
hypomagnesemia	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
potassium	B-CHED
levels	O
must	O
be	O
monitored	O
closely	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
as	O
failure	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
potentially	O
lethal	O
consequences	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
generated	O
a	O
new	O
predictive	O
model	O
of	O
mortality	O
applicable	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
24h	O
after	O
ICU	O
admission	O
and	O
comprising	O
5	O
main	O
factors	O
:	O
age	O
,	O
CURB	B-DISO
severity	O
score	O
3	O
-	O
4	O
,	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Another	O
case	O
of	O
""""	O
European	O
hantavirus	B-DISO
pulmonary	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
""""	O
with	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
prior	O
to	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
involvement	O
,	O
and	O
diagnosed	O
by	O
viral	O
inclusions	O
in	O
lung	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
review	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
clinical	O
ventilator	O
management	O
and	O
adjunct	O
therapy	O
.	O

Adjunctive	O
therapies	O
discussed	O
include	O
pharmacologic	O
techniques	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
vasodilators	O
,	O
diuretics	O
,	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
nonpharmacologic	O
techniques	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
prone	O
position	O
,	O
alternative	O
modes	O
of	O
ventilation	O
).	O

Current	O
treatment	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
primarily	O
supportive	O
,	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
and	O
fluid	O
conserving	O
strategies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
and	O
prognosis	O
of	O
cor	B-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
during	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Two	O
hundred	O
and	O
twenty	O
-	O
six	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
)	O
ventilated	O
with	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
limited	O
at	O
30	O
cmH₂O	O
(	O
mean	O
PEEP	B-CHED
of	O
8	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
cmH₂O	O
)	O
underwent	O
transesophageal	O
echocardiography	O
(	O
TEE	O
)	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
3	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
identified	O
infectious	B-DISO
causes	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
higher	O
driving	O
pressures	O
as	O
independent	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
cor	B-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
.	O

Cor	B-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
higher	O
values	O
of	O
driving	O
pressure	O
and	O
was	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
in	O
our	O
series	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Seroepidemiological	O
Study	O
on	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
Antibodies	B-COMP
of	O
Different	O
Populations	O
from	O
Several	O
Areas	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
all	O
specimens	O
still	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
48th	O
month	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
promoted	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
p38	B-PRGE
MAPK	B-FUNC
and	O
p53	B-PRGE
signalling	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
p53	B-PRGE
signalling	B-PROC
might	O
play	O
a	O
dominant	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
cell	B-COMP
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

He	O
became	O
ill	B-DISO
36	O
hours	O
into	O
the	O
infusion	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
circulatory	B-DISO
collapse	I-DISO
.	O

He	O
developed	O
hyperferritinemia	O
,	O
cytopenias	B-DISO
,	O
hypofibrinogenemia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
cytokine	O
profile	O
diagnostic	O
for	O
HLH	O
.	O

Patients	O
treated	O
with	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
activating	O
therapies	O
,	O
including	O
blinatumomab	O
,	O
should	O
be	O
monitored	O
for	O
HLH	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
cytokine	O
-	O
directed	O
therapy	O
may	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
CRS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
entry	O
that	O
act	O
by	O
three	O
distinct	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

Studies	O
on	O
their	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
action	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
compounds	O
act	O
by	O
three	O
distinct	O
mechanisms	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
SSAA09E2	O
{	O
N	O
-[[	O
4	O
-(	O
4	O
-	O
methylpiperazin	O
-	O
1	O
-	O
yl	O
)	O
phenyl	B-CHED
]	O
methyl	B-CHED
]-	O
1	B-CHED
,	I-CHED
2	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
oxazole	I-CHED
-	O
5	O
-	O
carboxamide	B-CHED
}	O
acts	O
through	O
a	O
novel	O
mechanism	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
action	I-PROC
,	O
by	O
blocking	B-DISO
early	O
interactions	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
with	O
the	O
receptor	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
);	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
SSAA09E1	O
{[(	O
Z	O
)-	O
1	O
-	O
thiophen	B-CHED
-	O
2	O
-	O
ylethylideneamino	O
]	O
thiourea	B-CHED
}	O
acts	O
later	O
,	O
by	O
blocking	B-DISO
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
a	I-PRGE
host	B-COMP
protease	I-PRGE
required	O
for	O
processing	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
during	O
viral	O
entry	O
;	O
and	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
SSAA09E3	O
[	O
N	O
-(	O
9	O
,	O
10	O
-	O
dioxo	O
-	O
9	O
,	O
10	O
-	O
dihydroanthracen	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
yl	O
)	O
benzamide	B-CHED
]	O
also	O
acts	O
later	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
affect	O
interactions	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
with	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
or	O
the	O
enzymatic	O
functions	O
of	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
but	O
prevents	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
with	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cellular	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
.	O

Our	O
work	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
at	O
least	O
three	O
independent	O
strategies	O
for	O
blocking	B-DISO
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
entry	O
,	O
validates	O
these	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
inhibition	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
introduces	O
promising	O
leads	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
therapeutics	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
under	O
severe	O
and	O
persistent	O
ER	O
stress	O
,	O
prolonged	O
UPR	O
may	O
activate	O
unique	O
pathways	B-PROC
that	O
lead	O
to	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
nephropathogenic	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
DMV	O
/	O
1639	O
/	O
11	O
recovered	O
from	O
Delmarva	O
broiler	O
chickens	O
in	O
2011	O
.	O

Isolates	O
of	O
NIB	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
NIBV	O
)--	O
DMV	O
/	O
1639	O
/	O
11	O
,	O
DMV	O
/	O
3432	O
/	O
11	O
,	O
and	O
DMV	O
/	O
3902	O
/	O
11	O
--	O
were	O
characterized	O
by	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
subunit	O
(	O
S1	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
gene	O
.	O

Although	O
numerically	O
fewer	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
Mass	O
+	O
Conn	O
had	O
interstitial	B-DISO
nephritis	I-DISO
compared	O
with	O
those	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
Mass	O
+	O
Ark	O
,	O
neither	O
vaccine	O
combination	O
offered	O
greater	O
protection	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
than	O
observed	O
in	O
unvaccinated	O
chickens	B-SPEC
challenged	O
with	O
DMV	O
/	O
1639	O
/	O
11	O
.	O

Patients	O
died	B-PROC
rather	O
late	O
when	O
severe	O
cholinergic	B-DISO
crisis	I-DISO
had	O
mostly	O
been	O
overcome	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
therefore	O
related	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
poison	B-CHED
specific	O
complications	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
infections	O
with	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
are	O
characterized	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
disorder	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
alveolocapillary	B-ANAT
membrane	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
becomes	O
leaky	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
evidence	O
that	O
lung	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
activation	O
and	O
vascular	B-ANAT
leak	O
are	O
a	O
""""	O
final	O
common	O
pathway	B-PROC
""""	O
in	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
bacterial	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
that	O
enhancing	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
barrier	O
function	O
may	O
improve	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
experimental	O
therapies	O
that	O
have	O
shown	O
promise	O
in	O
preventing	O
or	O
reversing	O
increased	O
vascular	O
leak	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
or	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

At	O
present	O
time	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
7	O
,	O
he	O
shows	O
normal	B-PROC
growth	I-PROC
and	O
cognitive	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
multicenter	O
,	O
prospective	O
,	O
randomized	O
,	O
controlled	O
trial	O
,	O
we	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
466	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
to	O
undergo	O
prone	O
-	O
positioning	O
sessions	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
16	O
hours	O
or	O
to	O
be	O
left	O
in	O
the	O
supine	O
position	O
.	O

Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
ratio	O
of	O
the	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
FiO2	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
150	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
FiO2	B-CHED
of	O
at	O
least	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
,	O
a	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
5	O
cm	O
of	O
water	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
a	O
tidal	O
volume	O
close	O
to	O
6	O
ml	O
per	O
kilogram	O
of	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
complications	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
significantly	O
between	O
the	O
groups	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
arrests	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
supine	O
group	O
.	O

Third	O
,	O
by	O
measuring	O
channel	O
conductance	O
in	O
mixtures	O
of	O
neutral	O
diphytanoyl	O
phosphatidylcholine	O
(	O
DPhPC	O
)	O
lipids	B-CHED
and	O
negatively	O
charged	O
DPhPS	O
lipids	B-CHED
in	O
low	O
and	O
high	O
salt	B-CHED
concentrations	O
we	O
conclude	O
that	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
lipid	B-CHED
conformation	O
in	O
the	O
channel	O
is	O
likely	O
the	O
same	O
in	O
charged	O
and	O
neutral	O
lipids	B-CHED
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
agents	O
causing	O
ARIs	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
pathogen	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
36	O
/	O
136	O
),	O
followed	O
by	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
)	O
1	O
-	O
3	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
30	O
/	O
136	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HRV	O
)	O
(	O
21	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
29	O
/	O
136	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
14	O
/	O
136	O
)	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
HAdV	O
)	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
13	O
/	O
136	O
).	O

Our	O
study	O
suggests	O
the	O
protective	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
apoA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
mimetic	I-PRGE
peptide	I-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4F	I-PRGE
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
gram	O
-	O
negative	O
endotoxemia	O
and	O
warrant	O
further	O
clinical	O
evaluation	O
.	O

The	O
sequestration	O
of	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
vasculature	B-ANAT
with	O
parasitized	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

Cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
should	O
be	O
suspected	O
in	O
any	O
febrile	B-PROC
patient	O
from	O
a	O
malaria	B-PATH
-	O
endemic	O
region	O
with	O
loss	O
of	O
consciousness	O
.	O

Concentrated	O
ascites	O
reinfusion	O
therapy	O
(	O
CART	O
)	O
involves	O
the	O
filtration	O
,	O
concentration	O
,	O
and	O
reinfusion	O
of	O
drained	O
ascites	O
,	O
which	O
contributes	O
to	O
reuse	O
of	O
autologous	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

CART	B-PRGE
has	O
been	O
reported	O
as	O
supportive	O
therapy	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
liver	B-DISO
cirrhosis	I-DISO
and	O
cancer	B-DISO
.	O

CART	O
after	O
paracentesis	O
reduces	O
protein	B-CHED
loss	O
in	O
ascites	O
by	O
reinfusion	O
of	O
autologous	O
protein	B-CHED
instead	O
of	O
exogenous	O
albumin	B-PRGE
preparations	O
.	O

This	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
enrolled	O
previously	O
healthy	O
term	O
infants	O
during	O
inpatient	O
or	O
outpatient	O
visits	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
URI	I-DISO
or	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
during	O
September	O
to	O
May	O
2004	O
to	O
2008	O
.	O

ECMO	O
should	O
be	O
reserved	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
severely	O
ill	B-DISO
poisoned	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

There	O
are	O
no	O
randomised	O
trials	O
of	O
ECMO	O
in	O
poisoned	O
patients	O
with	O
refractory	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
or	O
who	O
have	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
an	O
intoxication	O
.	O

Using	O
medical	O
charts	O
,	O
we	O
collected	O
data	O
on	O
111	O
patients	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
avian	B-SPEC
-	O
origin	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
through	O
May	O
10	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O

On	O
admission	O
,	O
108	O
patients	O
(	O
97	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
had	O
findings	O
consistent	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Bilateral	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
and	O
consolidation	O
were	O
the	O
typical	O
radiologic	O
findings	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
times	O
from	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
illness	O
and	O
from	O
the	O
initiation	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
to	O
a	O
negative	O
viral	O
test	O
result	O
on	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
-	O
chain	O
-	O
reaction	O
assay	O
were	O
11	O
days	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
9	O
to	O
16	O
)	O
and	O
6	O
days	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
4	O
to	O
7	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
111	O
patients	O
we	O
studied	O
,	O
76	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
),	O
and	O
27	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
was	O
initiated	O
in	O
108	O
patients	O
(	O
97	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
at	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
7	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cell	B-ANAT
-	O
type	O
-	O
specific	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
oligoadenylate	B-PRGE
synthetase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RNase	I-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
by	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
replication	O
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
(	O
A59	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
mutant	B-DISO
with	O
an	O
inactive	O
phosphodiesterase	B-PROC
(	O
ns2	B-DISO
-	O
H126R	O
)	O
was	O
assessed	O
in	O
primary	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
primary	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
-	O
neurons	B-ANAT
,	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

To	O
identify	O
important	O
M	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
for	O
VLP	B-COMP
assembly	O
,	O
we	O
coexpressed	O
N	O
with	O
multiple	O
M	O
mutants	O
containing	O
substitution	O
mutations	O
at	O
the	O
amino	O
-	O
terminal	O
ectodomain	O
,	O
carboxyl	O
-	O
terminal	O
endodomain	O
,	O
or	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
segments	O
.	O

Results	O
from	O
cross	O
-	O
linking	O
VLP	B-COMP
analyses	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
cysteine	B-CHED
residues	O
63	O
,	O
85	O
and	O
158	O
are	O
not	O
in	O
close	O
proximity	O
to	O
the	O
M	O
dimer	O
interface	O
.	O

He	O
is	O
known	O
across	O
the	O
globe	B-ANAT
for	O
his	O
research	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
honored	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
prestigious	O
awards	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
EWR	O
Steacie	O
Prize	O
,	O
the	O
Canadian	O
Society	O
of	O
Microbiology	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
Scientific	O
Award	O
,	O
a	O
Medical	O
Research	O
Council	O
scientist	O
award	O
,	O
five	O
Howard	O
Hughes	O
International	O
Research	O
Scholar	O
Awards	O
,	O
a	O
Canadian	O
Institute	O
of	O
Health	O
Research	O
Distinguished	O
Investigator	O
award	O
,	O
British	O
Columbia	O
Biotech	O
Innovation	O
Award	O
,	O
the	O
Michael	O
Smith	O
Health	O
Research	O
Prize	O
,	O
the	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
Society	O
of	O
America	O
Squibb	O
award	O
and	O
the	O
Jacob	O
Biely	O
Prize	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
three	O
cases	O
of	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
thrombocytopenia	O
-	O
associated	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
evidence	O
for	O
providing	O
extracorporeal	O
organ	B-ANAT
support	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
previous	O
work	O
,	O
the	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
nsp	O
)	O
14	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
cap	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
guanine	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
N7	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
methyltransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
N7	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
GTP	B-CHED
,	O
dGTP	B-CHED
as	O
well	O
as	O
cap	B-DISO
analogs	O
GpppG	O
,	O
GpppA	O
and	O
m7GpppG	O
could	O
be	O
methylated	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp14	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
the	O
nsp14	O
could	O
not	O
modify	O
ATP	B-CHED
,	O
CTP	B-CHED
,	O
UTP	B-CHED
,	O
dATP	B-CHED
,	O
dCTP	B-CHED
,	O
dUTP	B-CHED
or	O
cap	B-DISO
analog	O
m7GpppA	O
.	O
Critical	O
residues	O
of	O
nsp14	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
methyltransferase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
on	O
GTP	B-CHED
were	O
identified	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
F73	O
,	O
R84	O
,	O
W86	O
,	O
R310	O
,	O
D331	O
,	O
G333	O
,	O
P335	O
,	O
Y368	O
,	O
C414	O
,	O
and	O
C416	O
.	O

Subsequent	O
to	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
in	O
France	O
in	O
2005	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
17	O
facial	B-ANAT
allograft	O
transplantations	O
performed	O
worldwide	O
.	O

This	O
negative	O
correlation	O
was	O
also	O
observed	O
for	O
cortex	B-ANAT
layers	B-ANAT
IV	O
-	O
VI	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
new	O
Transcriptomic	O
Atlas	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
Mouse	B-SPEC
Neocortical	O
Layers	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Laboratory	O
surveillance	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
in	O
seven	O
teaching	O
hospitals	O
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
:	O
2011	O
-	O
2012	O
season	O
.	O

Influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
the	O
dominant	O
agent	O
(	O
677	O
,	O
61	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
in	O
all	O
age	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
was	O
higher	O
in	O
patients	O
more	O
than	O
50	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
while	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
was	O
detected	O
only	O
in	O
younger	O
adults	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
is	O
valuable	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
extensive	O
laboratory	O
surveillance	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
ILI	O
patients	O
through	O
a	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
-	O
based	O
influenza	B-DISO
surveillance	O
system	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
may	O
cause	O
a	O
spectrum	O
of	O
clinical	O
illness	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
10	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
domestic	O
short	O
hair	O
cat	B-SPEC
was	O
referred	O
for	O
investigation	O
of	O
anorexia	B-DISO
and	O
polydipsia	B-DISO
of	O
3	O
days	O
'	O
duration	O
.	O

Ultrasonographic	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
did	O
not	O
identify	O
any	O
abnormalities	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
tests	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FIV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
leukaemia	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FeLV	O
)	O
were	O
negative	O
.	O

Long	O
bone	B-ANAT
shaft	I-ANAT
marrow	O
was	O
hyperplastic	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
predominance	O
of	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
precursors	O
and	O
megakaryocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
splenic	B-ANAT
red	I-ANAT
pulp	I-ANAT
showed	O
mild	O
extramedullary	B-DISO
haemopoiesis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
is	O
contraindicated	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
not	O
recommended	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
altered	O
consciousness	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
ACS	B-FUNC
)	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
poor	O
compliance	O
of	O
confused	B-DISO
/	O
agitated	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
difficult	O
management	O
of	O
accumulated	O
secretion	B-PROC
in	O
depressed	O
cough	B-DISO
reflex	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
risk	O
of	O
aspirative	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
absence	O
of	O
airways	O
protection	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
avoiding	O
ETI	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
complications	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
NIV	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
fragile	O
,	O
older	O
patients	O
with	O
multiple	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
is	O
an	O
appealing	O
option	O
.	O

The	O
available	O
published	O
data	O
dealing	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
NIV	O
in	O
ACS	B-FUNC
were	O
obtained	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
complicating	O
severe	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
COPD	B-DISO
.	O

Among	O
purebreds	O
,	O
the	O
positivities	O
in	O
the	O
Norwegian	O
forest	O
cat	B-SPEC
(	O
92	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
and	O
Scottish	O
fold	O
(	O
77	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
average	O
of	O
purebreds	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0274	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
0251	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

The	O
positivity	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
males	O
(	O
51	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
than	O
in	O
females	O
(	O
35	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
whereas	O
no	O
gender	O
difference	O
has	O
generally	O
been	O
noted	O
in	O
FCoV	O
antibody	B-COMP
prevalence	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
FIP	B-DISO
more	O
frequently	O
develops	O
in	O
males	O
among	O
FCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Understanding	O
of	O
fundamental	O
mechanisms	O
involved	O
in	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
permeability	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
barrier	O
protective	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
understanding	O
of	O
basic	O
barrier	O
protective	O
mechanisms	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelium	B-ANAT
is	O
essential	O
for	O
selection	O
of	O
optimal	O
treatment	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
of	O
different	O
etiology	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
characterization	O
of	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
lineage	O
C	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
reveals	O
marked	O
sequence	O
divergence	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	O
of	O
pipistrellus	B-PRGE
bat	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
HKU5	I-PRGE
in	O
Japanese	O
pipistrelle	O
:	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
the	O
novel	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
may	O
have	O
diverged	O
from	O
potential	O
lineage	O
C	O
betacoronaviruses	O
in	O
European	O
bats	B-SPEC
more	O
recently	O
,	O
these	O
bat	B-ENZY
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
unlikely	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
direct	O
ancestor	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Intensive	O
surveillance	O
for	O
lineage	O
C	O
betaCoVs	O
in	O
Pipistrellus	B-SPEC
and	O
related	O
bats	B-SPEC
with	O
diverse	O
habitats	O
and	O
other	O
animals	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
may	O
fill	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
gap	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
α1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
(	O
fAGP	O
)	O
modifies	O
both	O
its	O
serum	B-COMP
concentration	O
and	O
its	O
glycan	B-CHED
moiety	O
during	O
diseases	O
.	O

The	O
flow	O
cytometric	O
method	O
provided	O
repeatable	O
results	O
for	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
(	O
coefficients	O
of	O
variations	O
,	O
CVs	B-DISO
<	O
15	O
%)	O
but	O
not	O
for	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
(	O
CVs	B-DISO
>	O
20	O
%)	O
which	O
had	O
also	O
a	O
high	O
individual	O
variability	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
detailed	O
clinical	O
and	O
virological	O
data	O
for	O
two	O
related	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
disease	O
,	O
after	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
one	O
patient	O
to	O
another	O
in	O
a	O
French	O
hospital	O
.	O

Immunosuppression	B-PROC
should	O
also	O
be	O
taken	O
into	O
account	O
as	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
several	O
events	O
in	O
which	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
and	O
identification	O
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
were	O
critical	O
to	O
initial	O
recognition	O
of	O
the	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
further	O
analyzed	O
by	O
additional	O
laboratory	O
diagnostic	O
assays	O
.	O

Lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
global	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
highlight	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
avoid	O
complacency	O
,	O
strengthen	O
efforts	O
to	O
improve	O
global	O
capacity	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
next	O
pandemic	O
using	O
all	O
available	O
21st	O
century	O
tools	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
research	O
to	O
develop	O
new	O
treatment	O
options	O
,	O
countermeasures	O
,	O
and	O
insights	O
while	O
striving	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
global	O
inequities	O
that	O
are	O
the	O
root	O
cause	O
of	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
challenges	O
.	O

Oxidants	B-CHED
modify	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
lipids	B-CHED
,	O
carbohydrates	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
DNA	O
to	O
cause	O
their	O
aberrant	O
function	O
.	O

To	O
counteract	O
the	O
oxidants	B-CHED
an	O
arsenal	O
of	O
antioxidants	B-CHED
exists	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
redox	B-PROC
status	O
,	O
but	O
when	O
overwhelmed	O
tissue	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
occurs	O
.	O

It	O
also	O
exposed	O
major	O
weaknesses	B-DISO
in	O
several	O
of	O
these	O
countries	O
in	O
coping	O
with	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
a	O
newly	O
emerged	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
10	O
years	O
since	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
biology	O
and	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
this	O
disease	O
,	O
a	O
major	O
lesson	O
learned	B-PROC
is	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
having	O
a	O
national	O
public	O
health	O
institute	O
that	O
is	O
prepared	O
to	O
control	O
disease	O
outbreaks	O
and	O
designed	O
to	O
coordinate	O
a	O
national	O
response	O
and	O
assist	O
localities	O
in	O
their	O
responses	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
GC	O
.	O

The	O
indices	O
analyzed	O
included	O
sepsis	B-DISO
/	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
encephalopathy	B-DISO
,	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
renal	B-ANAT
failure	O
,	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Seven	O
hundred	O
and	O
thirty	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
tested	O
by	O
modified	O
shell	B-ANAT
vial	O
culture	O
method	O
,	O
RV16	O
,	O
and	O
RV15	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunocytochemical	O
demonstration	O
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
within	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

If	O
this	O
test	O
proves	O
highly	O
specific	O
,	O
as	O
for	O
identification	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
within	O
tissue	B-ANAT
or	O
effusion	B-DISO
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
strongly	O
supportive	O
of	O
an	O
ante	O
-	O
mortem	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
involvement	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
biopsy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
ofmyositis	O
ranges	O
from	O
a	O
painless	O
muscle	O
weakness	O
to	O
significant	O
myalgia	B-DISO
with	O
muscle	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
and	O
constitutional	O
symptoms	O
.	O

Along	O
with	O
muscle	B-ANAT
and	O
skin	B-ANAT
affection	O
and	O
constitutional	O
symptoms	O
,	O
the	O
disease	O
can	O
affect	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
joints	B-ANAT
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
and	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

Severe	O
forms	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
with	O
affection	O
of	O
the	O
throat	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
muscles	I-ANAT
can	O
vitally	O
endan	O
-	O
ger	B-COMP
patients	O
.	O

Pathognomonic	O
cutaneous	O
manifestations	O
of	O
dermatomyositis	B-DISO
are	O
Gottron	O
'	O
s	O
papules	O
and	O
heliotrope	O
erythema	B-DISO
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
polymyositis	B-DISO
/	O
dermatomyositis	B-DISO
includes	O
immunosuppressive	O
/	O
immunomodulatory	O
therapy	O
and	O
supportive	O
,	O
symptomatic	O
treatment	O
.	O

Immunosuppressants	O
/	O
immunomodulators	O
are	O
added	O
in	O
the	O
therapy	O
along	O
with	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
for	O
better	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
required	O
dose	O
of	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
(	O
side	O
effects	O
of	O
longterm	O
high	O
doses	O
glucocorticoide	O
use	O
).	O

Docking	B-PROC
studies	O
were	O
performed	O
to	O
model	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
interaction	O
of	O
the	O
compound	O
26m	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Management	O
of	O
autism	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
adult	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
dexmedetomidine	B-CHED
to	O
wean	B-PROC
high	O
-	O
dose	O
benzodiazepines	B-CHED
and	O
opiates	B-DISO
also	O
permitted	O
successful	O
liberation	O
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

We	O
confirmed	O
the	O
chylomicronemia	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
triglyceride	B-CHED
assay	O
.	O

A	O
49	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
developed	O
acute	O
hypercapneic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
during	O
an	O
episode	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
49	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
developed	O
acute	O
hypercapneic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
during	O
an	O
episode	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Recombinant	O
human	B-SPEC
activated	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
(	O
APC	B-COMP
)	O
reportedly	O
improves	O
circulation	B-PROC
and	O
respiration	B-PROC
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
is	O
contraindicated	O
after	O
head	B-ANAT
injury	O
because	O
of	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
intracranial	B-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
expressed	B-PROC
products	O
were	O
purified	O
by	O
affinity	O
chromatography	O
then	O
analyzed	O
by	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
and	O
Western	O
blotting	O
.	O

Recent	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
mild	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
might	O
be	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
spectrum	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
presentations	O
might	O
not	O
initially	O
include	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

Results	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
suggest	O
that	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
control	O
practitioners	O
should	O
re	O
-	O
evaluate	O
their	O
strategy	O
of	O
screening	O
patients	O
at	O
admission	O
for	O
contagious	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
using	O
symptom	B-DISO
-	O
and	O
sign	O
-	O
based	O
tests	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
induces	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
via	O
caspase	O
-	O
dependent	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
is	O
an	O
acute	O
,	O
highly	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
piglets	O
that	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PHEV	O
).	O

Apoptotic	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
is	O
detrimental	O
to	O
animals	B-SPEC
because	O
it	O
causes	O
cell	B-COMP
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
destruction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Current	O
concepts	O
and	O
trends	O
in	O
management	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
preface	O
and	O
comments	O
].	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
no	O
pharmacological	O
therapy	O
has	O
yet	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
despite	O
substantial	O
effort	B-PROC
devoted	O
to	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
research	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
a	O
randomized	O
trial	O
and	O
clinical	O
experience	O
in	O
treating	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
have	O
demonstrated	O
favorable	O
outcome	O
of	O
ECMO	O
therapy	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
9	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
in	O
gastrointestinal	O
(	O
GI	O
)-	O
diseased	O
and	O
healthy	O
foals	O
with	O
ages	O
ranging	O
from	O
1	O
to	O
20	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
and	O
to	O
what	O
degree	O
coinfections	B-DISO
are	O
associated	O
with	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
GI	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
prevalence	O
for	O
any	O
infectious	B-DISO
agent	O
was	O
63	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
GI	O
-	O
diseased	O
group	O
and	O
43	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
healthy	O
group	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
,	O
proteins	B-CHED
expression	B-PROC
in	O
DEV	O
infected	O
duck	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
(	O
DEFs	O
)	O
within	O
24	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.)	O
was	O
also	O
effectively	O
suppressed	O
by	O
resveratrol	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
malaria	O
due	O
to	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
is	O
increasingly	O
observed	O
now	O
a	O
days	O
.	O

Organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
vivax	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
is	O
caused	O
by	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
sequestration	O
.	O

The	O
complications	O
seen	O
in	O
vivax	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
were	O
:	O
thrombocytopenia	O
(	O
68	O
%),	O
leukopenia	B-DISO
(	O
19	O
%),	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
3	O
%),	O
high	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
(	O
5	O
%),	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
anemia	B-DISO
(	O
3	O
%),	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
bleeding	B-DISO
(	O
8	O
%),	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
(	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
hypotension	O
(	O
5	O
%),	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
(	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
1	O
.	O
77	O
%).	O

We	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
HRR	B-PROC
patients	O
will	O
have	O
worse	O
outcomes	O
from	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
use	O
.	O

Ratios	O
of	O
fresh	B-ANAT
frozen	I-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
-	O
packed	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
(	O
PRBC	O
)	O
were	O
calculated	O
and	O
divided	O
in	O
two	O
groups	O
:	O
HRR	B-PROC
(	O
1	O
-	O
1	O
:	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
low	O
-	O
ratio	O
resuscitation	O
(	O
LRR	O
<	O
1	O
:	O
2	O
).	O

Major	O
outcome	O
of	O
interest	O
was	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
direct	O
impact	O
of	O
24	O
-	O
hour	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
volume	O
on	O
HRR	B-PROC
MTP	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
10	O
or	O
more	O
units	O
of	O
PRBC	O
.	O

Statistical	O
analysis	O
included	O
analysis	O
of	O
variance	O
,	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
exact	O
,	O
Kaplan	O
-	O
Meier	O
(	O
KM	O
)	O
survival	O
curves	O
,	O
and	O
multiple	O
logistic	O
regression	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Total	O
of	O
five	O
Level	O
I	O
trauma	O
centers	O
participated	O
with	O
451	O
patients	O
who	O
received	O
MTP	O
with	O
10	O
or	O
more	O
units	O
of	O
PRBC	O
(	O
fresh	B-ANAT
frozen	I-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
/	O
PRBC	O
ratios	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
365	O
(	O
80	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
HRR	B-PROC
vs	O
.	O
n	O
=	O
86	O
(	O
19	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
LRR	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
models	O
were	O
developed	O
controlling	O
for	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
injury	O
,	O
arrival	O
physiology	O
,	O
individual	O
Abbreviated	O
Injury	O
Scale	O
(	O
AIS	O
)	O
scores	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusions	O
,	O
and	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
administration	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
patients	O
58	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
731	O
of	O
1	O
,	O
245	O
)	O
met	B-CHED
inclusion	O
criteria	O
.	O

During	O
early	O
resuscitation	O
(	O
0	O
-	O
6	O
h	O
),	O
logistic	O
regression	O
revealed	O
age	O
(	O
odd	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
04	O
),	O
chest	B-ANAT
AIS	B-DISO
score	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
31	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
10	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
57	O
),	O
and	O
intravenously	O
administered	O
crystalloid	B-COMP
fluids	B-ANAT
given	O
in	O
500	O
mL	O
increments	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
12	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
01	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
25	O
)	O
as	O
predictive	O
of	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

Red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
,	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
platelet	B-ANAT
transfusions	O
(	O
whether	O
received	O
during	O
early	O
or	O
late	O
resuscitation	O
)	O
failed	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
moderate	O
/	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Between	O
April	O
1	O
and	O
May	O
23	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
23	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
eastern	O
province	O
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Viral	O
loads	O
were	O
highest	O
in	O
samples	O
from	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
(	O
up	O
to	O
1	O
·	O
2	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
copies	O
per	O
mL	O
).	O

The	O
full	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
was	O
combined	O
with	O
four	O
other	O
available	O
full	O
genome	O
sequences	O
in	O
a	O
maximum	O
likelihood	O
phylogeny	O
,	O
correlating	O
branch	B-ANAT
lengths	O
with	O
dates	O
of	O
isolation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
Chile	O
:	O
the	O
clinical	O
relevance	O
in	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
atypical	O
bacteria	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
First	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
France	O
,	O
investigations	O
and	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
human	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
,	O
France	O
,	O
May	O
2013	O
.	O

Rigorous	O
risk	O
assessment	O
is	O
particularly	O
challenging	O
in	O
a	O
context	O
where	O
surveillance	O
may	O
be	O
subject	O
to	O
under	O
-	O
ascertainment	O
and	O
a	O
selection	O
bias	B-SPEC
towards	O
more	O
severe	O
cases	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
utilized	O
solution	O
-	O
state	O
nuclear	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
spectroscopy	O
to	O
investigate	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGNR	O
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
herein	O
report	O
the	O
first	O
backbone	B-ANAT
assignment	O
of	O
its	O
active	O
,	O
calcium	B-CHED
-	O
bound	O
carbohydrate	O
recognition	O
domain	O
.	O

This	O
suggests	O
that	O
using	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
mode	O
of	O
Man9GlcNAc	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
those	O
of	O
small	O
glycans	B-CHED
,	O
may	O
provide	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGNR	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
selective	O
for	O
high	O
mannose	B-CHED
glycans	B-CHED
(	O
like	O
those	O
on	O
HIV	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
serum	B-ANAT
albumin	I-PRGE
(	O
HSA	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
abundant	O
circulating	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
accounts	O
for	O
about	O
70	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
colloid	B-ANAT
osmotic	O
pressure	O
.	O

HSA	B-DISO
prescription	O
should	O
be	O
not	O
uncritically	O
restricted	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
a	O
more	O
appropriate	O
HSA	B-DISO
use	O
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
maintaining	O
the	O
health	O
care	O
expenditure	O
under	O
control	O
.	O

Pediatric	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
earthquakes	O
are	O
mainly	O
due	O
to	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
craniocerebral	O
injury	O
,	O
shock	O
,	O
crush	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
a	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
caused	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
illness	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
,	O
is	O
now	O
considered	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
):	O
Update	O
2013	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
properties	O
of	O
endemic	O
Chinese	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
isolated	O
since	O
2010	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
diarrhea	O
outbreaks	O
caused	O
by	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
have	O
been	O
observed	O
in	O
various	O
pig	B-SPEC
-	O
breeding	B-PROC
provinces	O
of	O
China	O
since	O
December	O
2010	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
period	O
August	O
13	O
to	O
September	O
27	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
case	O
records	O
of	O
106	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
ILI	O
)	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
who	O
underwent	O
diagnostic	O
testing	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
for	O
confirmation	O
of	O
pH1N1	O
-	O
2009	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
studied	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
toxic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
severe	O
illness	O
caused	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
toxin	O
producing	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
poor	O
outcome	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
TSS	B-DISO
presenting	O
with	O
cough	B-DISO
and	O
expectoration	B-ANAT
along	O
with	O
multiple	O
pneumatoceles	B-DISO
visible	O
on	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
that	O
progressed	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
eventual	O
foci	O
in	O
brain	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
clinical	O
course	O
of	O
late	O
diagnosed	O
fatal	O
cases	O
of	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
influenza	B-DISO
in	O
Poland	O
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
6	O
fatal	O
cases	O
of	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
aged	O
23	O
-	O
41	O
,	O
including	O
3	O
women	O
,	O
hospitalised	O
between	O
November	O
2009	O
and	O
February	O
2011	O
in	O
different	O
Polish	O
medical	O
centres	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
the	O
clinical	O
course	O
of	O
6	O
late	O
diagnosed	O
cases	O
of	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

Autopsies	O
were	O
performed	O
in	O
5	O
cases	O
and	O
revealed	O
haemorrhagic	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
2	O
patients	O
.	O

A	O
previously	O
published	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
of	O
8	O
comparative	O
studies	O
found	O
no	O
significant	O
survival	O
differences	O
.	O

Despite	O
rapid	O
parasite	O
clearance	O
times	O
resulting	O
from	O
ET	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
evidence	O
for	O
efficacy	O
of	O
ET	O
as	O
adjunctive	O
therapy	O
in	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

We	O
found	O
87	O
articles	O
,	O
mostly	O
case	O
reports	O
or	O
series	O
,	O
showing	O
successful	O
use	O
of	O
ET	O
,	O
likely	O
reporting	O
bias	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evolutionary	O
dynamics	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
:	O
natural	O
selection	O
pattern	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
implies	O
adaptive	O
evolution	O
of	O
the	O
strains	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
previous	O
work	O
,	O
we	O
designed	O
peptides	B-CHED
that	O
showed	O
potent	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
.	O

Cytomegalovirus	O
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
some	O
RPTEC	O
by	O
cytology	O
,	O
an	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
,	O
and	O
PCR	O
.	O

Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
was	O
isolated	O
and	O
identified	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
sequencing	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
replication	O
in	O
a	O
fresh	B-ANAT
batch	O
of	O
RPTEC	O
and	O
another	O
type	O
of	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
was	O
confirmed	O
.	O

By	O
molecular	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
genome	O
,	O
CaKV	O
that	O
appeared	O
genetically	O
closest	O
to	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
kobuvirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MuKV	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
Aichi	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AiV	O
),	O
may	O
be	O
classified	O
in	O
the	O
Kobuvirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
as	O
new	O
genotype	O
(	O
CaKV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
within	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
Aichivirus	O
A	O
.	O
To	O
date	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
these	O
novel	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
other	O
continents	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previous	O
reports	O
suggest	O
that	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
underdiagnosed	O
in	O
both	O
adult	O
and	O
pediatric	O
clinical	O
practice	O
.	O

This	O
retrospective	O
study	O
included	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
and	O
underwent	O
postmortem	O
examination	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
those	O
with	O
a	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
cause	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
recorded	O
.	O

Significant	O
barriers	O
remain	O
to	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
application	O
of	O
an	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
ventilator	O
strategy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
caused	O
by	O
high	O
-	O
path	O
fluenza	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
),	O
so	O
called	O
""""	O
swine	O
""""	O
flu	B-DISO
was	O
registered	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

Aphylaxis	O
to	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
lead	O
to	O
pandemic	O
.	O

It	O
led	O
to	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
RT	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RPA	I-PRGE
was	O
rapid	O
(	O
10	O
-	O
20	O
min	O
)	O
and	O
has	O
an	O
analytical	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
19	O
molecules	O
.	O

The	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
RT	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RPA	I-PRGE
constitutes	O
a	O
suitable	O
accurate	O
,	O
sensitive	O
and	O
rapid	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
common	O
measures	O
used	O
for	O
BCoV	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
90	O
homozygous	O
sickle	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
children	O
with	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
pallor	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
jaundice	B-DISO
were	O
the	O
commonly	O
-	O
found	O
symptoms	O
.	O

No	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
observed	O
in	O
this	O
series	O
.	O

No	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
observed	O
in	O
this	O
series	O
.	O

This	O
prospective	O
observational	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
among	O
children	O
admitted	O
with	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
at	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
referral	O
hospital	O
of	O
northern	O
India	O
from	O
January	O
2012	O
to	O
December	O
2012	O
.	O

Children	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
'	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
'	O
(	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
,	O
2000	O
),	O
were	O
started	O
on	O
intravenous	O
artesunate	B-CHED
followed	O
by	O
artemether	B-CHED
-	O
lumefantrine	B-CHED
combination	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
severe	O
vivax	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
similar	O
to	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
caused	O
by	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
and	O
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
except	O
for	O
higher	O
chances	O
of	O
severe	O
anaemia	B-DISO
among	O
the	O
children	O
infected	O
with	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
·	O
04	O
).	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
repeated	O
the	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
urinary	O
antigen	B-CHED
test	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
positive	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
these	O
results	O
,	O
sputum	B-ANAT
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
findings	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
four	O
-	O
fold	O
elevation	O
of	O
paired	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
having	O
Legionella	O
pneumonia	O
accompanied	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
also	O
administered	O
a	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
for	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
expectation	O
of	O
clinical	O
improvement	O
and	O
to	O
avoid	O
intubation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
respiratory	O
syndromes	B-DISO
:	O
travel	O
history	O
matters	O
.	O

In	O
2012	O
,	O
another	O
outbreak	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
pneumonitis	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
-	O
East	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
tested	O
the	O
ethanolic	O
extracts	O
obtained	O
by	O
the	O
Hypericum	B-SPEC
hircinum	I-SPEC
L	O
.	O
(	O
Hypericaceae	B-SPEC
)	O
growing	O
in	O
Sardinia	O
(	O
Italy	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RT	O
-	O
associated	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
function	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
.	O

Betulinic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
5	B-CHED
,	I-CHED
7	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
',	I-CHED
5	I-CHED
'-	I-CHED
tetrahydroxyflavanone	I-CHED
7	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
glucoside	B-CHED
were	O
active	O
on	O
both	O
RT	O
-	O
associated	O
activities	O
,	O
and	O
betulinic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
was	O
also	O
active	O
on	O
HIV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
mutant	B-DISO
RTs	B-DISO
resistant	O
to	O
efavirenz	B-CHED
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
compounds	O
inhibit	O
the	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RT	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
an	O
allosteric	O
site	O
previously	O
described	O
for	O
other	O
natural	O
compounds	O
and	O
are	O
potential	O
leads	O
for	O
further	O
drug	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
single	O
molecules	O
having	O
dual	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
sometimes	O
important	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
can	O
occur	O
shortly	O
after	O
starting	O
administration	O
.	O

At	O
present	O
,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
treatment	O
does	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
justified	O
for	O
limitation	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
morbidity	I-DISO
.	O

Aerosolized	O
β2	O
-	O
agonists	B-CHED
do	O
not	O
improve	O
outcome	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
one	O
study	O
strongly	O
suggests	O
that	O
intravenous	O
salbutamol	B-CHED
may	O
worsen	O
outcome	O
in	O
those	O
patients	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
27	O
,	O
276	O
admissions	O
,	O
819	O
(	O
3	O
%)	O
eligible	O
nonsurvivors	O
were	O
identified	O
for	O
the	O
cause	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
death	B-PROC
analyses	O
.	O

It	O
can	O
invade	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
type	O
II	O
pneumonocytes	O
in	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
replicated	O
efficiently	O
in	O
ex	O
vivo	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
trachea	B-DISO
explant	O
culture	O
and	O
several	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
lines	O
.	O

In	O
acute	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
of	O
H7N9	O
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
,	O
increased	O
levels	O
of	O
the	O
chemokines	O
and	O
cytokines	O
IP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
,	O
MIG	B-PRGE
,	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
,	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
were	O
detected	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
H5N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
,	O
we	O
first	O
immunized	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaques	I-SPEC
with	O
recombinant	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
carrying	O
a	O
synthetic	O
gene	O
encoding	O
hemagglutinin	O
(	O
HA	O
).	O

Following	O
screening	O
an	O
antibody	O
phage	O
display	O
library	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
immunized	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
cloned	O
selected	O
macaque	B-PRGE
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
heavy	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
and	O
light	O
chain	O
variable	O
regions	O
into	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
constant	I-PRGE
region	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
generated	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
macaque	B-SPEC
chimeric	O
mAbs	O
exhibiting	O
over	O
97	O
%	O
homology	O
to	O
human	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
three	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
Food	O
and	O
Drug	O
Administration	O
-	O
approved	O
molecular	O
multiplex	O
platforms	O
(	O
Prodesse	O
ProFLU	O
+/	O
FAST	B-PRGE
+,	I-PRGE
FilmArray	B-PRGE
RP	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
Verigene	I-PRGE
RV	I-PRGE
+)	I-PRGE
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
detection	O
in	O
171	O
clinical	O
samples	O
collected	O
during	O
the	O
Belgian	O
2011	O
-	O
2012	O
influenza	B-DISO
season	O
.	O

An	O
increase	O
in	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
and	O
activation	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
infected	O
with	O
rTGEV	O
-	O
Δ7	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
observed	O
compared	O
to	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
the	O
parental	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
immunologically	O
similar	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
present	O
a	O
novel	O
example	O
of	O
how	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
counteract	O
host	B-COMP
antiviral	B-CHED
pathways	B-PROC
to	O
determine	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
outcome	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bilateral	O
entry	O
and	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
induces	O
profound	O
apoptosis	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
newly	O
emerged	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infects	O
human	B-SPEC
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Adalimumab	O
is	O
a	O
recombinant	O
human	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
that	O
blocks	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
.	O

He	O
was	O
successfully	O
treated	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
and	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

Economic	O
impacts	O
of	O
ILI	O
(	O
temperature	O
≥	O
37	O
·	O
8	O
°	O
C	O
or	O
parental	O
report	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
plus	O
≥	O
1	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
)	O
were	O
collected	O
at	O
2	O
and	O
4	O
weeks	O
after	O
ILI	O
onset	O
by	O
telephone	O
interview	O
.	O

In	O
multivariate	O
analyses	O
,	O
four	O
variables	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
number	O
of	O
healthcare	O
visits	O
per	O
ILI	O
:	O
non	O
-	O
Caucasian	O
child	O
,	O
living	O
in	O
a	O
detached	O
house	O
,	O
both	O
parents	O
in	O
employed	O
work	O
and	O
having	O
an	O
ILI	O
with	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
viruses	B-SPEC
identified	O
.	O

Healthcare	O
visits	O
were	O
increased	O
if	O
the	O
child	O
was	O
non	O
-	O
Caucasian	O
,	O
lived	O
in	O
a	O
detached	O
house	O
,	O
had	O
working	O
parents	O
or	O
had	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
ILI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Obstetric	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Group	O
A	O
streptococcal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
may	O
produce	O
necrotizing	B-DISO
fasciitis	I-DISO
and	O
toxic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

Malaria	B-PATH
may	O
be	O
more	O
severe	O
in	O
the	O
pregnant	O
woman	O
,	O
and	O
carries	O
significant	O
risk	O
to	O
both	O
mother	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
fetus	I-ANAT
.	O

Three	O
phages	O
expressing	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
peptides	B-CHED
were	O
identified	O
and	O
characterized	O
in	O
more	O
depth	O
.	O

A	O
chemically	O
synthesized	O
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
M7	O
peptide	B-CHED
(	O
pepTGEV	O
-	O
M7	O
;	O
HALTPIKYIPPG	O
)	O
was	O
evaluated	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

Agence	O
Nationale	O
de	O
la	O
Recherche	O
(	O
Labex	O
Integrative	O
Biology	O
of	O
Emerging	B-DISO
Infectious	I-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
),	O
and	O
the	O
European	O
Community	O
'	O
s	O
Seventh	O
Framework	O
Programme	O
project	O
PREDEMICS	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
:	O
are	O
they	O
ready	O
for	O
translational	B-PROC
medicine	B-CHED
?	O

MSCs	B-FUNC
could	O
reduce	O
the	O
over	O
-	O
production	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
,	O
leucocyte	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
tissue	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
produce	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
benefit	O
factors	O
through	O
interaction	O
with	O
other	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
repair	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RBD	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
core	O
and	O
a	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
subdomain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenesis	B-PROC
and	O
transmission	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
and	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Both	O
H7N9	O
viruses	B-SPEC
replicated	O
to	O
higher	O
titre	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
of	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
a	O
seasonal	O
H3N2	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
lack	O
of	O
efficient	O
respiratory	O
droplet	O
transmission	O
was	O
corroborated	O
by	O
low	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
specificity	O
for	O
human	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
α2	I-PRGE
,	O
6	O
-	O
linked	O
sialosides	O
.	O

Several	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
were	O
likely	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

The	O
relationship	O
between	O
these	O
categories	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
microvascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
as	O
well	O
as	O
extravascular	O
lung	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
content	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
hallmark	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathophysiology	O
,	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
elucidated	O
.	O

Severity	O
categories	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
described	O
by	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
have	O
good	O
predictive	O
validity	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
extravascular	O
lung	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
.	O

Patients	O
had	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
<	O
100	O
mm	O
Hg	O
at	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
≥	O
10	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
.	O

During	O
HFO	O
-	O
TGI	O
,	O
systemic	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
remained	O
unchanged	O
.	O

The	O
authors	O
analyzed	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
distribution	O
of	O
radiolabeled	O
microspheres	O
in	O
normal	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
)	O
and	O
injured	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
12	O
)	O
anesthetized	O
rat	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
using	O
positron	B-CHED
emission	B-ANAT
tomography	O
,	O
computed	O
tomography	O
,	O
and	O
histological	O
examination	O
.	O

The	O
acid	O
was	O
instilled	O
into	O
the	O
middle	O
and	O
basal	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Injured	O
regions	O
demonstrate	O
increased	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
in	O
association	O
with	O
reduced	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
and	O
the	O
deterioration	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
commonly	O
known	O
as	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
[	O
IBV	B-SPEC
])	O
is	O
of	O
major	O
economic	O
importance	O
to	O
commercial	O
chicken	B-SPEC
producers	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
multiple	O
serotypes	O
and	O
variants	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
do	O
not	O
cross	O
-	O
protect	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
diagnose	O
circulating	O
serotypes	O
and	O
choose	O
the	O
right	O
vaccine	O
type	O
for	O
successful	O
protection	O
.	O

Arterial	B-ANAT
CO2	B-CHED
partial	O
pressure	O
[	O
54	O
(	O
45	O
-	O
74	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
48	O
(	O
39	O
-	O
58	O
)	O
mmHg	O
]	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
identified	O
Ser190	O
,	O
Ser192	O
,	O
Thr378	O
and	O
Ser379	O
as	O
the	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
sites	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
study	O
reveals	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
kinase	O
responsible	O
for	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
at	O
two	O
positions	O
and	O
the	O
functional	O
consequence	O
of	O
this	O
modification	O
on	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
/	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
HRV	O
/	O
EV	O
)	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
were	O
frequently	O
detected	O
in	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
(	O
48	O
.	O
81	O
%	O
and	O
11	O
.	O
74	O
%	O
of	O
infected	O
samples	O
,	O
respectively	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
detection	O
frequencies	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	O
were	O
further	O
increased	O
in	O
immunosuppressed	O
patients	O
.	O

Outcomes	O
were	O
favourable	O
after	O
drug	B-DISO
withdrawal	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
symptomatic	O
and	O
topical	O
steroid	B-CHED
treatments	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteome	O
using	O
two	O
-	O
dimensional	O
difference	O
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
in	O
ST	O
cells	O
infected	O
with	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Information	O
remains	O
limited	O
about	O
the	O
comparative	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
in	O
response	O
to	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
cellular	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
response	O
to	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
testes	B-ANAT
(	O
ST	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
analyzed	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
proteomic	O
method	O
of	O
two	O
-	O
dimensional	O
difference	O
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
(	O
2D	O
DIGE	O
)	O
coupled	O
with	O
MALDI	O
-	O
TOF	B-DISO
-	O
TOF	B-DISO
/	O
MS	O
identification	O
.	O

All	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
spots	B-DISO
were	O
successfully	O
identified	O
.	O

17	O
altered	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
were	O
identified	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
these	O
disease	O
models	O
highlight	O
the	O
plasticity	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	O
control	O
system	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
progression	O
of	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Syndromic	O
surveillance	O
application	O
for	O
public	O
health	O
purposes	O
has	O
changed	O
over	O
time	O
and	O
reflects	O
a	O
dynamic	O
evolution	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
collection	O
,	O
interpretation	O
of	O
data	O
with	O
dissemination	O
of	O
data	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
need	O
to	O
act	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
more	O
holistic	O
approach	O
that	O
incorporates	O
response	O
as	O
a	O
core	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
surveillance	O
system	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
dose	O
acetylsalicylic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
is	O
superior	O
to	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
clopidogrel	B-CHED
in	O
preventing	O
lipopolysaccharide	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Also	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
on	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
of	O
inhibiting	O
platelet	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
by	O
clopidogrel	B-CHED
was	O
investigated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hemorrhage	O
coupled	O
with	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
remains	O
the	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
preventable	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
deaths	B-PROC
among	O
trauma	O
patients	O
.	O

A	O
ratio	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
(	O
RBC	B-ANAT
:	O
FP	O
)	O
was	O
achieved	O
in	O
73	O
%	O
(	O
27	O
/	O
37	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
fixed	B-ANAT
-	O
ratio	O
group	O
and	O
22	O
%	O
(	O
7	O
/	O
32	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
wastage	O
was	O
higher	O
with	O
the	O
intervention	O
protocol	O
(	O
22	O
%	O
[	O
86	O
/	O
390	O
]	O
of	O
FP	O
units	O
v	O
.	O
10	O
%	O
[	O
30	O
/	O
289	O
]	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Overall	O
,	O
a	O
transfusion	O
ratio	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
was	O
achieved	O
in	O
57	O
%	O
(	O
21	O
/	O
37	O
)	O
of	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
fixed	B-ANAT
-	O
ratio	O
group	O
,	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
2	O
/	O
32	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

No	O
factor	O
was	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
PFO	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
only	O
a	O
trend	O
for	O
age	O
(	O
OR	O
2	O
.	O
07	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
91	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
72	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
).	O

TEE	O
screening	O
allowed	O
identification	O
of	O
ACP	B-DISO
in	O
one	O
-	O
fourth	O
of	O
patients	O
submitted	O
to	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
for	O
early	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
who	O
developed	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
failed	O
to	O
improve	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
alone	O
and	O
required	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
(	O
ECLS	O
).	O

Experiments	O
performed	O
in	O
ex	O
vivo	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
slice	O
culture	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
neonatal	O
microglial	B-ANAT
culture	O
confirmed	O
direct	O
microglial	B-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
an	O
FIP	B-DISO
outbreak	O
from	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
shelter	O
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Two	O
of	O
the	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
succumbed	O
to	O
FIP	B-DISO
were	O
found	O
to	O
harbor	O
an	O
identical	O
nonsense	B-DISO
mutation	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
3c	O
gene	O
.	O

Significantly	O
reduced	O
tracheal	O
pathologic	O
effects	O
,	O
measured	O
according	O
to	O
ciliostasis	O
and	O
histology	O
lesions	O
,	O
and	O
reduced	O
viral	O
load	O
were	O
observed	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
dose	O
vaccinated	O
group	O
at	O
5	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
dpi	O
),	O
while	O
incomplete	O
protection	O
was	O
observed	O
for	O
the	O
subdose	O
vaccinated	O
groups	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
established	O
by	O
intravenous	O
infusion	O
of	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
plasma	B-PRGE
stromal	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	I-PRGE
derived	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
vascular	B-PROC
endothelial	B-ANAT
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PROC
concentrations	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
than	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
at	O
24	O
hours	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
25	O
-	O
kDa	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
an	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
terminal	I-CHED
amino	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
homologous	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
xylanase	B-PROC
inhibitor	B-CHED
and	O
designated	O
as	O
xylanase	B-PRGE
inbibitor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
XILP	O
)	O
was	O
purified	O
from	O
sorghum	B-SPEC
seeds	O
.	O

The	O
isolation	O
protocol	O
consisted	O
of	O
affinity	O
chromatography	O
,	O
ion	B-PROC
exchange	I-PROC
chromatography	O
,	O
and	O
gel	O
filtration	O
.	O

XILP	O
reduced	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
with	O
an	O
IC50	O
of	O
11	O
.	O
1μM	O
,	O
but	O
lacked	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
toward	O
HIV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
integrase	I-PRGE
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
proteinase	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
viruses	B-SPEC
include	O
important	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
mumps	B-DISO
,	O
corona	B-CHED
,	O
noro	O
,	O
rota	O
,	O
and	O
DNA	O
tumor	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Variations	O
in	O
the	O
receptor	O
specificity	O
are	O
important	O
determinants	O
for	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
,	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
pathogenicity	O
,	O
and	O
transmissibility	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Ages	O
greater	O
than	O
55	O
years	O
,	O
severity	O
at	O
admission	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
injured	O
cranial	B-ANAT
nerves	I-ANAT
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
needing	O
of	O
ventilator	O
support	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
)	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
greater	O
sequels	O
at	O
the	O
discharge	B-ANAT
and	O
at	O
the	O
posterior	O
reviews	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
months	O
.	O

There	O
exists	O
an	O
endemic	O
equilibrium	B-PROC
which	O
is	O
locally	O
asymptotically	O
stable	O
if	O
the	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
is	O
larger	O
than	O
unity	O
.	O

Oliguria	B-DISO
and	O
some	O
degree	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
commonly	O
develop	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
OHSS	B-DISO
and	O
are	O
usually	O
due	O
to	O
prerenal	O
causes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
have	O
been	O
thrust	O
into	O
the	O
spotlight	O
by	O
the	O
recurring	O
novel	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
infections	O
following	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
pandemic	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
years	O
since	O
the	O
initial	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
,	O
the	O
arsenal	O
to	O
fight	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
significantly	O
increased	O
by	O
the	O
rapid	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
research	O
.	O

A	O
number	O
of	O
patented	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
with	O
promising	O
clinical	O
potential	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
via	O
different	O
methods	O
of	O
drug	O
discovery	O
,	O
including	O
virtual	O
screening	O
,	O
natural	B-CHED
product	I-CHED
isolation	O
and	O
structure	O
assisted	O
rational	O
drug	O
design	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
RTIs	O
)	O
are	O
a	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
.	O

Artifical	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
is	O
commonly	O
required	O
and	O
may	O
exacerbate	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
whether	O
PLV	O
reduced	O
mortality	O
(	O
at	O
28	O
d	O
,	O
at	O
discharge	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
),	O
at	O
discharge	B-ANAT
from	O
hospital	O
and	O
at	O
one	O
,	O
two	O
and	O
five	O
years	O
)	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
ALI	O
or	O
ARDS	B-DISO
when	O
compared	O
with	O
conventional	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

Clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
research	O
data	O
generated	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
months	O
have	O
provided	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
possible	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoirs	O
,	O
transmissibility	O
,	O
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
optimal	O
laboratory	O
diagnostic	O
options	O
and	O
potential	O
antiviral	B-CHED
targets	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
associated	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
method	O
is	O
general	O
to	O
any	O
enveloped	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
pair	O
,	O
but	O
demonstrated	O
here	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
).	O

The	O
most	O
commonly	O
encountered	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
of	O
frequency	O
,	O
include	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
.	O

Current	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
major	O
mode	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
ARls	O
is	O
through	O
large	O
droplets	O
,	O
but	O
transmission	O
through	O
contact	O
(	O
including	O
hand	O
contamination	O
with	O
subsequent	O
self	O
-	O
inoculation	O
)	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	O
aerosols	O
of	O
various	O
sizes	O
and	O
at	O
short	O
range	O
(	O
coined	O
as	O
""""	O
opportunistic	O
""""	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
)	O
may	O
also	O
occur	O
for	O
some	O
pathogens	O
.	O

The	O
potential	O
acute	O
risks	O
to	O
individual	O
and	O
population	O
health	O
include	O
communicable	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
transmission	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
a	O
low	O
risk	O
of	O
onward	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
,	O
with	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
remaining	O
severe	O
for	O
the	O
majority	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
strain	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
raised	O
a	O
global	O
health	O
concern	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
partly	O
because	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
were	O
fatal	O
and	O
partly	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
presumed	O
animal	B-SPEC
origin	O
.	O

An	O
urgent	O
meeting	O
of	O
scientific	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
experts	O
was	O
convened	O
by	O
WHO	O
in	O
January	O
2013	O
in	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
limited	O
knowledge	O
available	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
natural	O
history	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
this	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
a	O
small	O
subset	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
co	O
-	O
inherited	O
cystic	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
other	B-DISO
hemoglobinopathies	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
,	O
this	O
patient	O
developed	O
early	O
hematologic	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
that	O
were	O
more	O
severe	O
than	O
the	O
previous	O
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
).	O

Major	O
gaps	O
in	O
our	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
community	O
prevalence	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
spectrum	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
disease	O
need	O
urgent	O
definition	O
.	O

Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
HKU1	I-PRGE
,	O
first	O
discovered	O
in	O
2005	O
,	O
has	O
a	O
worldwide	O
prevalence	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
both	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
disease	O
in	O
both	O
children	O
and	O
adults	O
.	O

Type	O
II	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
demonstrated	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
large	O
syncytium	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
studies	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
type	O
II	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
a	O
target	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
for	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
that	O
type	O
II	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
are	O
immune	O
-	O
competent	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
exhibiting	O
a	O
type	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
and	O
proinflammatory	O
chemokine	O
response	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
cell	B-COMP
to	O
cell	B-COMP
spread	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
major	O
factor	O
for	O
spread	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
four	O
children	O
with	O
acute	O
surgical	O
presentation	O
and	O
prolonged	O
unexplained	O
postoperative	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
who	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
HLH	B-DISO
.	O

Eventually	O
,	O
HLH	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
aspiration	B-DISO
after	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
23	O
days	O
(	O
range	O
17	O
-	O
40	O
),	O
following	O
the	O
finding	O
of	O
significantly	O
elevated	O
ferritin	B-PRGE
(	O
up	O
to	O
293150	O
ng	O
/	O
ml	O
)	O
and	O
triglyceride	B-CHED
levels	O
.	O

HLH	B-DISO
can	O
prove	O
rapidly	O
fatal	O
without	O
appropriate	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Scoping	O
review	O
on	O
search	O
queries	O
and	O
social	O
media	B-ANAT
for	O
disease	O
surveillance	O
:	O
a	O
chronology	O
of	O
innovation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
threat	O
of	O
a	O
global	O
pandemic	O
posed	O
by	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
influenza	O
H5N1	B-DISO
(	O
1997	O
)	O
and	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
2002	O
),	O
both	O
diseases	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
origin	O
,	O
provoked	O
interest	O
in	O
improving	O
early	O
warning	O
systems	O
and	O
reinforced	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
combining	O
data	O
from	O
different	O
sources	O
.	O

Most	O
authors	O
(	O
24	O
/	O
32	O
,	O
75	O
%)	O
recommended	O
that	O
social	O
media	B-ANAT
programs	O
should	O
primarily	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
support	O
existing	O
surveillance	O
programs	O
.	O

Further	O
developments	O
in	O
digital	B-ANAT
disease	O
surveillance	O
have	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
improve	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
,	O
passively	O
through	O
advances	O
in	O
machine	O
learning	B-PROC
and	O
actively	O
through	O
engagement	O
of	O
users	O
.	O

Most	O
authors	O
(	O
24	O
/	O
32	O
,	O
75	O
%)	O
recommended	O
that	O
social	O
media	B-ANAT
programs	O
should	O
primarily	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
support	O
existing	O
surveillance	O
programs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
binding	I-FUNC
properties	O
of	O
soluble	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
(	O
S1	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
:	O
differences	O
between	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
present	O
on	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
possible	O
interference	O
after	O
Marek	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
MD	O
)	O
vaccination	O
using	O
an	O
experimental	O
bivalent	O
vaccine	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
a	O
redesigned	O
CVI	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
988	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
Rispens	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
MDV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
strain	O
and	O
herpesvirus	B-SPEC
of	I-SPEC
turkeys	I-SPEC
,	O
with	O
vaccination	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
or	O
Newcastle	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
ND	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
examined	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
vaccines	O
can	O
be	O
administered	O
concomitantly	O
on	O
chickens	B-SPEC
'	O
first	O
day	O
of	O
life	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
patients	O
with	O
highly	O
contagious	O
diseases	O
that	O
are	O
spread	O
by	O
respiratory	O
droplets	O
or	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
borne	O
particles	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
flow	O
oxygen	B-CHED
may	O
carry	O
a	O
significant	O
risk	O
of	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
no	O
study	O
has	O
directly	O
examined	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
from	O
the	O
earliest	O
presentation	O
to	O
the	O
health	O
care	O
system	O
,	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
).	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
defined	O
using	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
6	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
48	O
/	O
778	O
patients	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
cohort	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
developed	O
rapidly	O
and	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
significant	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CD107a	B-PRGE
and	O
NKG2D	B-PRGE
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
9	I-FUNC
in	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
CD69	B-ANAT
+	I-ANAT
NK	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
was	O
all	O
significantly	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
during	O
48	O
-	O
72	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Rather	O
than	O
being	O
complacent	O
about	O
the	O
results	O
,	O
we	O
should	O
envisage	O
how	O
to	O
transform	O
them	O
into	O
drug	O
candidates	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
in	O
combating	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
related	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

Previously	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
this	O
locus	O
,	O
which	O
contains	O
the	O
gene	O
for	O
accessory	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
encodes	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
that	O
forms	O
ion	B-FUNC
channels	I-FUNC
and	O
regulates	O
virus	B-SPEC
release	B-PATH
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
ORF4a	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
localized	O
at	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
/	O
Golgi	B-COMP
intermediate	O
compartment	B-ANAT
(	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Laboratory	O
capacity	O
is	O
needed	O
in	O
central	O
Viet	O
Nam	O
to	O
provide	O
early	O
warning	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
authorities	O
of	O
respiratory	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
importance	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pandemic	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O

Polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
procedures	O
established	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
capacity	O
-	O
building	O
process	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
conduct	B-PROC
prospective	O
respiratory	O
surveillance	O
in	O
a	O
region	O
where	O
few	O
previous	O
studies	O
have	O
been	O
undertaken	O
.	O

Although	O
aqueous	B-DISO
humor	I-DISO
contained	O
predominantly	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
and	O
large	O
reactive	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
appeared	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
idiopathic	O
uveitis	B-DISO
,	O
neither	O
clinical	O
nor	O
cytologic	O
assessment	O
of	O
anterior	B-ANAT
chamber	I-ANAT
contents	O
differed	O
significantly	O
between	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
idiopathic	O
or	O
FIP	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
uveitis	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
cytologic	O
cell	B-COMP
grades	O
and	O
clinical	O
grade	O
of	O
flare	B-DISO
or	O
cell	B-COMP
numbers	O
within	O
the	O
anterior	B-ANAT
chamber	I-ANAT
were	O
not	O
correlated	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
work	O
,	O
efficiently	O
transfectable	O
mouse	B-SPEC
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
stably	O
expressing	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
receptor	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
have	O
been	O
generated	O
.	O

These	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
are	O
valuable	O
tools	O
to	O
perform	O
in	O
vitro	O
studies	O
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
system	O
that	O
reflects	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
used	O
for	O
in	O
vivo	O
studies	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MA15	I-PRGE
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
family	B-SPEC
cluster	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
related	O
to	O
a	O
likely	O
unrecognized	O
asymptomatic	O
or	O
mild	O
case	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ninety	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
details	O
of	O
a	O
second	O
family	B-SPEC
cluster	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
from	O
Riyadh	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

The	O
values	O
for	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
-	O
induced	O
recruitment	B-DISO
,	O
cyclic	O
recruitment	B-DISO
and	O
derecruitment	O
and	O
strain	O
were	O
then	O
calculated	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
explains	O
the	O
viral	O
metagenomics	O
strategy	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
discovery	O
and	O
describes	O
viruses	B-SPEC
discovered	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
feces	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
past	O
10	O
years	O
using	O
this	O
approach	O
.	O

A	O
White	O
man	B-CHED
was	O
found	O
dead	B-PROC
with	O
signs	O
of	O
nausea	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
vomiting	I-DISO
after	O
repeatedly	O
abusing	O
bath	O
salts	B-CHED
during	O
a	O
weekend	O
binge	B-DISO
.	O

Femoral	B-ANAT
venous	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
had	O
MDPV	O
concentrations	O
of	O
130	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
and	O
3800	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
.	O
The	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
MDPV	O
concentrations	O
are	O
within	O
the	O
reported	O
recreational	O
concentration	O
ranges	O
(	O
blood	B-ANAT
24	O
-	O
241	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
34	O
-	O
3900	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Systems	O
biology	O
offers	O
considerable	O
promise	O
in	O
uncovering	O
novel	O
pathways	O
by	O
which	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
microbial	O
pathogens	O
interact	O
with	O
host	B-COMP
signaling	B-PROC
and	O
expression	B-PROC
networks	O
to	O
mediate	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

We	O
validated	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
the	O
urokinase	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
disease	O
severity	O
using	O
genetically	O
defined	O
knockout	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
proteomic	O
correlates	O
of	O
pathway	B-PROC
activation	O
,	O
and	O
pathological	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

Similar	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
signatures	O
were	O
noted	O
in	O
1918	O
and	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
common	O
,	O
potentially	O
treatable	O
mechanism	O
in	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
.	O

Functional	O
analyses	O
of	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tail	O
length	O
on	O
specific	O
viral	O
RNA	O
species	O
,	O
furthermore	O
,	O
revealed	O
that	O
translation	B-PROC
,	O
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
of	O
RNAs	O
with	O
the	O
longer	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tail	O
was	O
enhanced	O
over	O
those	O
with	O
the	O
shorter	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
).	O

Despite	O
continued	O
improvements	O
in	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
),	O
refractory	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
and	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
continue	O
to	O
prevent	O
its	O
successful	O
use	O
in	O
many	O
patients	O
.	O

By	O
HA	O
-	O
RBS	B-DISO
direct	O
sequencing	O
of	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
,	O
D222G	O
and	O
D222N	O
viral	O
variants	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
a	O
higher	O
proportion	O
in	O
ICU	O
patients	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
/	O
24	O
,	O
33	O
·	O
3	O
%)	O
than	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
disease	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
/	O
34	O
,	O
6	O
%)	O
or	O
in	O
outpatients	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
0	O
/	O
44	O
)	O
(	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
exact	O
test	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
·	O
0001	O
;	O
OR	O
38	O
·	O
5	O
;	O
CI	O
95	O
%	O
4	O
·	O
494	O
-	O
329	O
·	O
9	O
).	O

D222G	O
and	O
D222N	O
mutants	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
frequencies	O
of	O
detection	O
of	O
various	O
viruses	B-SPEC
among	O
in	O
-	O
and	O
outpatients	O
were	O
different	O
.	O

Simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
found	O
in	O
377	O
cases	O
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
coinfections	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
with	O
ARI	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mice	O
that	O
are	O
transgenic	O
(	O
Tg	O
)	O
for	O
T	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
TCR	B-COMP
)	O
expression	B-PROC
are	O
used	O
extensively	O
to	O
analyze	O
longitudinal	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
during	O
effector	B-CHED
and	O
memory	B-PROC
phases	O
of	O
the	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
.	O

We	O
generated	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
transgenic	O
for	O
a	O
TCR	B-COMP
responding	O
to	O
a	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
epitope	B-CHED
(	O
epitope	B-CHED
M133	O
)	O
that	O
is	O
immunodominant	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
a	O
neurotropic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	O
response	O
to	O
epitope	B-CHED
M133	O
is	O
of	O
particular	O
interest	O
because	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
pathogenic	O
,	O
protective	O
or	O
regulatory	O
,	O
depending	O
upon	O
the	O
physiological	O
setting	O
.	O

We	O
applied	O
an	O
iterative	O
process	O
in	O
which	O
we	O
identified	O
a	O
TCR	O
-	O
β	O
chain	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
all	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
examined	O
('	O
public	O
sequence	O
').	O

This	O
TCR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
was	O
introduced	O
into	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
with	O
a	O
lentivirus	B-SPEC
vector	O
,	O
generating	O
TCR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
retrogenic	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)-	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
related	O
viruses	B-SPEC
infect	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
molecular	O
clock	O
analyses	O
have	O
been	O
unable	O
to	O
identify	O
direct	O
ancestors	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Anecdotal	O
exposure	O
histories	O
suggest	O
that	O
patients	O
had	O
been	O
in	O
contact	O
with	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
or	O
goats	B-SPEC
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
neutralising	O
antibody	B-COMP
titres	O
varied	O
between	O
1	O
/	O
320	O
and	O
1	O
/	O
2560	O
for	O
the	O
Omani	O
camel	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
and	O
between	O
1	O
/	O
20	O
and	O
1	O
/	O
320	O
for	O
the	O
Spanish	O
camel	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
evidence	O
for	O
cross	O
-	O
neutralisation	O
by	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
epidemic	O
and	O
the	O
2009	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
pandemic	O
provided	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
how	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
mediate	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
little	O
evidence	O
that	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
are	O
beneficial	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
might	O
be	O
harmful	O
.	O

We	O
predicted	O
a	O
small	O
set	O
of	O
regulatory	O
factors	O
with	O
conserved	O
behavior	O
for	O
consideration	O
as	O
important	O
components	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
that	O
might	O
also	O
serve	O
as	O
therapeutic	O
targets	O
for	O
intervention	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
established	O
a	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
system	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
based	O
on	O
targeted	B-PROC
RNA	O
recombination	B-PROC
that	O
allows	O
the	O
modification	O
of	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
,	O
which	O
encodes	O
the	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
ORF3	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
both	O
GFP	O
and	O
Renilla	B-SPEC
luciferase	B-ENZY
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
establishing	O
a	O
convenient	O
and	O
rapid	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
assay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoV	O
),	O
like	O
other	O
positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
redirect	O
and	O
rearrange	O
host	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
for	O
use	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
genome	I-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
machinery	O
.	O

Increased	O
interferon	B-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
)	O
expression	B-PROC
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
immune	O
compartment	B-ANAT
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
HALT	O
,	O
after	O
primary	O
vaccination	O
,	O
but	O
shifted	O
to	O
the	O
systemic	O
immune	O
compartment	B-ANAT
after	O
boosting	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	O
indications	O
for	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
adults	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
:	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
and	O
meta	O
-	O
analysis	O
of	O
current	O
evidence	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
benefit	O
on	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
is	O
unclear	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characterization	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
new	O
variants	O
of	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
Gansu	O
,	O
China	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
these	O
new	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
variant	O
strains	O
in	O
Gansu	O
Province	O
might	O
be	O
from	O
South	O
Korean	O
or	O
South	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
CV777	O
-	O
based	O
vaccine	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
evaluated	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
an	O
excessive	O
innate	O
response	O
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
scale	O
of	O
the	O
pathophysiologic	O
effect	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
-	O
from	O
the	O
renin	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-PATH
to	O
gut	B-ANAT
microbiota	B-SPEC
and	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
renin	B-ENZY
-	I-ANAT
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-ANAT
(	O
RAS	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
complex	O
network	O
that	O
regulates	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
electrolyte	O
and	O
fluid	O
homeostasis	B-PROC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
several	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
has	O
functions	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
RAS	B-PRGE
:	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
is	O
the	O
receptor	O
for	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
is	O
essential	O
for	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
neutral	O
amino	B-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
transporters	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
gut	B-ANAT
.	O

Here	O
we	O
review	O
and	O
discuss	O
the	O
diverse	O
functions	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
and	O
its	O
relevance	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
pathologies	O
.	O

Histology	O
revealed	O
severe	O
atrophy	B-DISO
of	O
villi	O
in	O
all	O
segments	O
of	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestines	I-ANAT
with	O
occasional	O
villus	B-ANAT
-	O
epithelial	O
syncytial	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
testing	O
for	O
rotaviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
)	O
were	O
negative	O
.	O

The	O
2013	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
had	O
96	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
identity	O
with	O
all	O
known	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
and	O
the	O
highest	O
identity	O
(>	O
99	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
to	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
2011	O
-	O
2012	O
Chinese	O
strains	O
.	O

Infection	O
with	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
so	O
far	O
resulted	O
in	O
only	O
91	O
cases	O
and	O
46	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
as	O
of	O
29	O
July	O
2013	O
),	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
nonetheless	O
setting	O
off	O
alarm	O
bells	O
among	O
public	O
health	O
officials	O
,	O
including	O
Margaret	O
Chan	O
,	O
Director	O
-	O
General	O
of	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
,	O
who	O
called	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
""""	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
entire	O
world	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
lacking	O
exoribonuclease	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
are	O
susceptible	O
to	O
lethal	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
:	O
evidence	O
for	O
proofreading	O
and	O
potential	O
therapeutics	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
resistance	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
(	O
RBV	B-CHED
)	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
define	O
new	O
targets	O
for	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
CoV	O
replication	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
show	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
ExoN	O
as	O
a	O
target	O
for	O
inhibition	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
suggest	O
that	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
ExoN	O
activity	O
could	O
be	O
potential	O
pan	B-COMP
-	O
CoV	O
therapeutics	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
RBV	B-CHED
or	O
RNA	O
mutagens	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
integrity	O
of	O
epithelial	O
and	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
barriers	O
in	O
the	O
lower	O
airspaces	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
has	O
to	O
be	O
tightly	O
regulated	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
prevent	O
leakage	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
assure	O
efficient	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
between	O
the	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
and	O
capillaries	B-ANAT
.	O

Toxin	O
-	O
induced	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
hyperpermeability	O
can	O
involve	O
myosin	B-PRGE
light	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
phosphorylation	B-PROC
and	O
/	O
or	O
microtubule	B-COMP
rearrangement	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
enzyme	O
arginase	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
regulated	O
by	O
the	O
redox	B-PROC
status	O
of	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
,	O
exists	O
in	O
two	O
isoforms	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
arginase	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
cytosolic	B-COMP
)	O
and	O
arginase	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
)	O
-	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
microvascular	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Upon	O
activation	O
,	O
arginase	B-PRGE
competes	O
with	O
eNOS	B-PRGE
for	O
the	O
substrate	O
l	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
arginine	I-CHED
,	O
as	O
such	O
impairing	O
eNOS	O
-	O
dependent	O
NO	O
generation	O
and	O
promoting	O
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
generation	O
by	O
the	O
enzyme	O
.	O

Clinical	O
hallmarks	O
of	O
von	B-DISO
Hippel	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
Lindau	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
are	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
hemangioblastomas	B-DISO
,	O
renal	B-PATH
cell	I-PATH
carcinoma	I-PATH
,	O
pheochromocytoma	B-DISO
,	O
neuroendocrine	B-DISO
tumors	I-DISO
and	O
endolymphatic	B-ANAT
sac	I-ANAT
tumors	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
evidence	O
of	O
relationship	O
between	O
VHL	B-DISO
disease	O
and	O
blood	B-DISO
cancers	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
so	O
far	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
cancer	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
in	O
hemodialyzed	O
patients	O
,	O
cancer	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
relatively	O
rare	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
dialysed	O
population	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
malignancies	B-DISO
are	O
genitourinary	B-DISO
cancers	I-DISO
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
duration	O
and	O
the	O
highest	O
level	O
of	O
IgY	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
bovine	B-SPEC
alimentary	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
pathogens	O
C	O
vaccine	O
was	O
further	O
used	O
in	O
next	O
two	O
trials	O
for	O
vaccination	O
of	O
1000	O
hens	O
each	O
time	O
.	O

Spatial	O
models	O
tend	O
to	O
predict	O
infection	B-DISO
probability	O
reasonably	O
well	O
when	O
disease	O
spread	O
is	O
propagated	O
through	O
contact	O
networks	O
in	O
which	O
contacts	O
are	O
only	O
within	O
a	O
certain	O
distance	O
of	O
each	O
other	O
.	O

Identification	O
and	O
characterisation	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
genes	O
from	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
PRCoV	O
,	O
detected	O
in	O
such	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
were	O
performed	O
in	O
Hungary	O
.	O

Novel	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
families	O
Picorna	O
-,	O
Papilloma	B-DISO
-,	O
and	O
Anelloviridae	B-SPEC
as	O
well	O
as	O
known	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
families	O
Astro	O
-,	O
Corona	B-CHED
-,	O
Parvo	O
-,	O
and	O
Hepeviridae	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
in	O
different	O
ferret	B-SPEC
cohorts	O
.	O

Firstly	O
,	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
and	O
rapidly	O
spreading	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
also	O
have	O
close	O
relationships	O
with	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Studies	O
based	O
on	O
laser	B-SPEC
visualization	O
technique	O
with	O
smoke	O
particles	O
as	O
smokers	O
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
patient	O
simulator	O
has	O
shown	O
that	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
via	O
Hudson	O
mask	O
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
could	O
disperse	O
exhaled	B-ANAT
air	B-CHED
of	O
patients	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
and	O
1	O
m	O
respectively	O
whereas	O
jet	B-PRGE
nebulizer	I-PRGE
could	O
disperse	O
exhaled	B-PROC
air	B-CHED
>	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
m	O
from	O
the	O
patient	O
.	O

Carefully	O
designed	O
clinical	O
trials	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
optimal	O
timing	O
and	O
dosage	O
of	O
any	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
,	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
immuno	O
-	O
modulating	O
agents	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
possibly	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
newly	O
emerged	O
infection	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
as	O
a	O
target	O
for	O
developing	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccines	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
and	O
safe	O
SARS	B-DISO
vaccines	O
is	O
still	O
needed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alarm	O
bells	O
over	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
produced	O
a	O
pseudovirus	O
bearing	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
the	O
Env	B-PRGE
-	O
defective	O
,	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
-	O
expressing	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
backbone	B-ANAT
.	O

Microglial	B-ANAT
activation	O
and	O
phagocytosis	B-PROC
are	O
recognized	O
to	O
be	O
critically	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mechanical	O
circulatory	O
support	O
(	O
MCS	B-COMP
)	O
is	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
for	O
infants	O
and	O
children	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
severe	O
cardiorespiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
specific	O
system	O
-	O
related	O
complications	O
like	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
thromboembolism	B-DISO
and	O
device	O
failure	O
.	O

Novel	O
circuit	O
components	O
for	O
temporary	O
MCS	B-COMP
with	O
improved	O
haemodynamic	O
properties	O
may	O
improve	O
patients	O
'	O
outcome	O
and	O
reduce	O
system	O
-	O
related	O
morbidities	O
.	O

We	O
examined	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
receipt	O
of	O
a	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agent	O
and	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
among	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
received	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
were	O
younger	O
(	O
mean	O
age	O
,	O
62	O
vs	O
68	O
),	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
treated	O
with	O
vasopressors	O
(	O
69	O
%	O
vs	O
65	O
%)	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
lower	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
rate	O
(	O
31	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
vs	O
38	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Among	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
extraalveolar	O
air	B-CHED
leak	O
complications	O
occurred	O
in	O
4	O
cases	O
.	O

Five	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
all	O
of	O
whom	O
were	O
severely	O
immunocompromised	O
.	O

On	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
1	O
patient	O
had	O
severe	O
chronic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
related	O
to	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
2	O
patients	O
had	O
mild	O
lower	B-ANAT
limb	I-ANAT
paraparesis	B-DISO
along	O
with	O
bladder	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
ascribable	O
to	O
measles	B-PATH
-	O
induced	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
and	O
myelitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	O
flaccid	O
paralysis	O
in	O
the	O
developed	O
world	O
.	O

Awareness	O
of	O
these	O
complications	O
,	O
their	O
detection	O
and	O
management	O
,	O
may	O
help	O
limit	O
the	O
morbidity	O
of	O
GBS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
article	O
reviews	O
the	O
recent	O
progress	O
in	O
research	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
,	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
at	O
home	O
and	O
abroad	O
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
models	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
,	O
liquid	O
ventilation	O
,	O
high	O
frequency	O
ventilation	O
,	O
on	O
respiratory	O
support	O
in	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
case	O
series	O
was	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
feasibility	O
and	O
pitfalls	O
of	O
combining	O
positioning	O
therapy	O
and	O
vvECMO	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
improved	O
from	O
20	O
(	O
17	O
-	O
28	O
)	O
to	O
42	O
(	O
27	O
-	O
43	O
)	O
ml	O
/	O
cmH2O	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
delivered	O
by	O
modified	O
vaccinia	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
Ankara	O
efficiently	O
induces	O
virus	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
genetic	O
stability	O
and	O
growth	B-PROC
characteristics	O
of	O
MVA	B-CHED
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
S	O
make	O
it	O
a	O
suitable	O
candidate	O
vaccine	O
for	O
clinical	O
testing	O
.	O

We	O
collected	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
from	O
fatal	O
BPD	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
performed	O
histology	O
,	O
immunohistochemistry	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
precision	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
reconstruction	O
techniques	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
report	O
of	O
a	O
clinical	O
adverse	O
reaction	O
of	O
AEP	B-PRGE
from	O
an	O
atypical	B-CHED
antipsychotic	I-CHED
agent	I-CHED
(	O
risperidone	B-CHED
).	O

Among	O
patients	O
receiving	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
57	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
;	O
those	O
having	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
lesions	O
(	O
22	O
of	O
56	O
)	O
required	O
intubation	O
earlier	O
than	O
others	O
(	O
1	O
[	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
]	O
vs	O
4	O
[	O
1	O
-	O
6	O
]	O
d	O
after	O
hospital	O
admission	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
027	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
CPV2	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
gastrointestinal	O
pathogen	O
associated	O
with	O
abnormal	O
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
potent	O
dipeptide	B-CHED
-	O
type	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
3CL	O
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
with	O
novel	O
P3	O
scaffolds	O
:	O
design	O
,	O
synthesis	O
,	O
biological	O
evaluation	O
,	O
and	O
docking	B-PROC
studies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Adenovirus	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
:	O
serotype	O
-	O
clinical	O
syndrome	B-DISO
association	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
LRTI	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
severe	O
with	O
resultant	O
chronic	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
sequelae	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
picture	O
mimicked	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
for	O
its	O
prolonged	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
neutrophilic	B-PROC
blood	B-ANAT
picture	O
.	O

Children	O
aged	O
1	O
to	O
2	O
years	O
old	O
were	O
most	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
LRTI	B-DISO
(	O
adjusted	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0165	O
).	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
(	O
71	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
serotype	O
2	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
this	O
association	O
was	O
statistically	O
significant	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

Twenty	O
-	O
one	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
differences	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
polyprotein	O
1a	O
/	O
ab	O
between	O
the	O
different	O
passages	O
.	O

The	O
mutation	O
rate	O
was	O
calculated	O
to	O
be	O
5	O
.	O
08	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
×	O
10	O
(-	O
6	O
)	O
nucleotides	O
/	O
site	O
/	O
passage	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
suggesting	O
a	O
relatively	O
stable	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
degree	O
of	O
influence	O
of	O
vaccination	O
on	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
number	O
and	O
structure	O
of	O
complications	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
vaccination	O
and	O
their	O
impact	O
on	O
efficiency	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
a	O
significant	O
amount	O
of	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
,	O
global	O
infectious	O
disease	O
surveillance	O
still	O
often	O
falters	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
emerging	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
has	O
killed	O
at	O
least	O
17	O
people	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

It	O
takes	O
stock	O
of	O
problems	O
in	O
various	O
countries	O
'	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
surveillance	O
systems	O
and	O
offers	O
recommendations	O
for	O
how	O
to	O
improve	O
surveillance	O
and	O
ensure	O
more	O
rapid	O
reporting	O
.	O

Suggestions	O
are	O
also	O
offered	O
for	O
ways	O
to	O
improve	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
surveillance	O
strategies	O
in	O
resource	O
-	O
limited	O
settings	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Plasmodium	O
vivax	O
(	O
p	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
)	O
malaria	B-PATH
was	O
traditionally	O
considered	O
as	O
benign	B-DISO
tertian	I-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
,	O
however	O
,	O
recent	O
studies	O
have	O
pointed	O
out	O
that	O
p	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
have	O
potential	O
to	O
cause	O
all	O
severe	O
complications	O
previously	O
attributed	O
to	O
p	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
only	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
ventilation	O
strategies	O
and	O
regional	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
group	O
reports	O
that	O
a	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
may	O
attenuate	O
neutrophil	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
in	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
during	O
early	O
experimental	O
ALI	O
.	O

These	O
drug	O
repurposing	O
techniques	O
have	O
been	O
successful	O
in	O
identifying	O
new	O
drug	O
candidates	O
for	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
cancers	B-DISO
and	O
were	O
recently	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
potential	O
therapeutics	O
against	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
newly	O
discovered	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
several	O
parasitic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
From	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
MERS	O
:	O
10	O
years	O
of	O
research	O
on	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
these	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
treatment	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaques	I-SPEC
with	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α2b	I-PRGE
and	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
reduces	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
moderates	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
improves	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
.	O

As	O
their	O
conditions	O
became	O
better	O
,	O
patients	O
'	O
EVLWI	O
decreased	O
to	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
and	O
7	O
.	O
0	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
respectively	O
at	O
weaning	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
constitutes	O
a	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
that	O
may	O
represent	O
a	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
for	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
prevent	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
timely	O
identification	O
of	O
novel	O
viruses	B-SPEC
using	O
NGS	O
technologies	O
is	O
also	O
important	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
control	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
novel	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

By	O
contrast	O
,	O
viral	O
pseudotypes	O
containing	O
the	O
surface	O
protein	B-CHED
GP	O
of	O
Marburg	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
from	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Filoviridae	I-SPEC
infected	O
all	O
six	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
though	O
at	O
different	O
efficiency	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
bat	B-ENZY
cells	B-COMP
are	O
more	O
resistant	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
coronaviruses	O
than	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
paramyxoviruses	O
,	O
filoviruses	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
.	O

All	O
specimens	O
underwent	O
testing	O
with	O
a	O
wide	O
panel	O
of	O
molecular	O
assays	O
targeting	B-PROC
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
1991	O
we	O
published	O
a	O
report	O
showing	O
that	O
,	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
shifting	O
from	O
supine	O
to	O
prone	O
position	O
led	O
immediately	O
to	O
the	O
inversion	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
inflation	O
gradient	O
and	O
to	O
a	O
redistribution	O
of	O
densities	O
from	O
dorsal	O
to	O
ventral	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
.	O

This	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
""""	O
sponge	B-SPEC
model	O
""""	O
as	O
a	O
wet	O
sponge	B-SPEC
,	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
heavy	O
edematous	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
squeezes	O
out	O
the	O
gas	B-ENZY
in	O
the	O
most	O
dependent	O
regions	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
weight	O
-	O
related	O
increase	O
of	O
the	O
compressive	O
forces	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
analyzed	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
3	O
,	O
4a	O
,	O
4b	O
,	O
and	O
5	O
for	O
their	O
abilities	O
to	O
inhibit	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
response	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
camostat	O
treatment	O
suppressed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
entry	O
into	O
human	B-SPEC
bronchial	B-ANAT
submucosal	O
gland	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
10	O
-	O
fold	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
growth	B-PROC
by	O
270	O
-	O
fold	O
,	O
although	O
treatment	O
with	O
both	O
camostat	O
and	O
(	O
23	O
,	O
25	O
)-	O
trans	O
-	O
epoxysuccinyl	O
-	O
L	O
-	O
leucylamindo	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
methylbutane	O
ethyl	B-CHED
ester	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
treatment	O
with	O
leupeptin	O
,	O
an	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
cysteine	B-CHED
,	O
serine	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
threonine	B-CHED
peptidases	O
,	O
was	O
no	O
more	O
efficacious	O
than	O
treatment	O
with	O
camostat	O
alone	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
a	O
single	O
treatment	O
with	O
camostat	O
is	O
sufficient	O
to	O
block	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
entry	O
into	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
differentiated	B-PROC
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
intra	O
-	O
and	O
intermolecular	O
determinants	O
of	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
activity	O
and	O
their	O
conservation	O
across	O
divergent	O
CoVs	O
are	O
unknown	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
due	O
to	O
challenges	O
in	O
cultivating	O
many	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
zoonotic	O
CoVs	O
.	O

To	O
test	O
for	O
conservation	O
of	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
structure	O
-	O
function	O
determinants	O
,	O
we	O
engineered	O
chimeric	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
murine	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
genomes	O
encoding	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
of	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
bat	B-ENZY
alphacoronaviruses	O
and	O
betacoronaviruses	O
.	O

Exchange	O
of	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
from	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
genogroup	O
,	O
genogroup	O
2a	O
,	O
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
,	O
allowed	O
for	O
immediate	O
viral	O
recovery	O
with	O
efficient	O
replication	O
albeit	O
with	O
impaired	B-DISO
fitness	O
in	O
direct	O
competition	O
with	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

Median	O
plasma	B-ANAT
SP	O
-	O
D	O
levels	O
were	O
significantly	O
increased	O
during	O
episodes	O
of	O
microbial	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
pathologic	O
respiratory	O
findings	O
,	O
during	O
microbial	B-DISO
colonization	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
during	O
ACR	O
up	O
to	O
grade	O
A2	O
-	O
A3	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

By	O
comparing	O
our	O
results	O
with	O
published	O
expression	B-PROC
profiling	O
studies	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
aquaporin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
to	O
be	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
across	O
all	O
studies	O
.	O

Aquaporin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
is	O
induced	O
in	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ICU	O
-	O
acquired	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
exhibits	O
higher	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
Beta	O
-	O
Agonist	B-CHED
Lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
TrIal	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
BALTI	O
-	O
2	O
)	O
was	O
initiated	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
this	O
intervention	O
on	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Intravenous	O
infusion	O
of	O
salbutamol	B-CHED
(	O
15	O
μg	O
/	O
kg	O
IBW	O
/	O
hour	O
)	O
or	O
placebo	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
saline	O
)	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
7	O
days	O
.	O

Recruitment	B-DISO
was	O
stopped	O
after	O
the	O
second	O
interim	O
analysis	O
because	O
of	O
safety	O
concerns	O
.	O

Further	O
trials	O
of	O
β	O
-	O
agonists	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
unlikely	O
to	O
be	O
conducted	O
.	O

Salbutamol	B-CHED
increased	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
:	O
55	O
(	O
34	O
%)	O
of	O
161	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
salbutamol	B-CHED
group	O
compared	O
with	O
38	O
(	O
23	O
%)	O
of	O
163	O
in	O
the	O
placebo	O
group	O
(	O
risk	O
ratio	O
1	O
.	O
47	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
1	O
.	O
03	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
08	O
).	O

It	O
was	O
concluded	O
that	O
this	O
assay	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
rapid	O
tool	O
for	O
BCoV	O
genotypes	O
differentiation	B-PROC
.	O

His	O
Model	O
for	O
End	O
-	O
Stage	O
Liver	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
was	O
25	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
summarises	O
a	O
recent	O
systematic	O
review	O
,	O
which	O
aimed	O
to	O
assess	O
evidence	O
that	O
influenza	B-DISO
or	O
pneumococcal	O
vaccination	O
of	O
HCWs	O
provides	O
indirect	O
protection	O
for	O
those	O
patients	O
most	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
severe	O
or	O
complicated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiological	O
and	O
genetic	O
characteristics	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
by	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Polymorphisms	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
TLRs	O
,	O
RANTES	B-PRGE
,	O
JUN	B-PRGE
,	O
IFNA5	B-PRGE
,	O
NOS2	B-PRGE
,	O
CX3CR1	B-PRGE
,	O
ILs	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
VDR	B-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
AVB	O
by	O
RSV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Thrombin	B-ENZY
selectively	O
engages	O
LIM	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
slingshot	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1L	I-PRGE
phosphatase	I-PRGE
to	O
regulate	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activation	O
and	O
endothelial	O
cell	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
LIMK1	B-PRGE
or	O
SSH	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1L	I-PRGE
depletion	O
failed	O
to	O
inhibit	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
RelA	B-PRGE
/	O
p65	B-PRGE
nuclear	B-PROC
translocation	I-PROC
and	O
proinflammatory	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
.	O

To	O
overcome	O
this	O
problem	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
new	O
duplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
two	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Four	O
-	O
weeks	O
-	O
old	O
SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
were	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
with	O
both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
-	O
LaSota	O
and	O
AIV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H7N1	I-PRGE
).	O

However	O
,	O
no	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
in	O
healthy	O
adults	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
previously	O
shown	O
that	O
this	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
embryo	B-ANAT
-	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
adapted	O
Beaudette	O
strain	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
virulent	O
M41	O
strain	O
,	O
is	O
not	O
sufficient	O
for	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
chicken	B-SPEC
trachea	B-DISO
(	O
Wickramasinghe	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
2011	O
).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
Beaudette	O
spike	O
ectodomain	O
had	O
relatively	O
weak	O
ability	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
chicken	B-SPEC
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
displayed	O
marked	O
extended	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
to	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
ablated	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
accessory	O
protein	B-CHED
ORF5	O
(	O
rMERS	O
•	O
ORF5	O
)	O
and	O
replaced	O
it	O
with	O
tomato	B-SPEC
red	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
rMERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RFP	I-PRGE
)	O
or	O
deleted	O
the	O
entire	O
ORF3	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
5	O
accessory	O
cluster	O
(	O
rMERS	O
-	O
ΔORF3	O
-	O
5	O
).	O

LOH	B-PROC
is	O
frequently	O
associated	O
with	O
chronic	O
conditions	O
including	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
CVD	B-DISO
),	O
obesity	B-DISO
,	O
osteoporosis	B-DISO
,	O
HIV	B-PATH
infection	I-PATH
,	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
obstructive	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
critically	O
reviewed	O
the	O
available	O
evidence	O
on	O
LOH	B-PROC
treatment	O
focusing	O
on	O
possible	O
risks	O
and	O
benefits	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
TRT	B-PRGE
in	O
healthy	O
older	O
men	O
in	O
near	O
physiological	O
doses	O
does	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
incur	O
serious	O
adverse	O
events	O
,	O
although	O
regular	O
monitoring	O
of	O
prostate	O
-	O
specific	O
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
hematocrit	O
levels	O
is	O
required	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Factors	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
effects	O
following	O
acute	O
glufosinate	B-CHED
poisoning	O
.	O

They	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
a	O
group	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
or	O
convulsion	B-DISO
during	O
hospitalization	O
(	O
severe	O
group	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
group	O
without	O
(	O
non	O
-	O
severe	O
group	O
).	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
was	O
performed	O
with	O
a	O
backward	O
elimination	B-PROC
procedure	O
.	O

Deletion	O
of	O
the	O
3c	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
could	O
therefore	O
cause	O
more	O
efficient	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
fatal	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitope	B-CHED
mapping	O
strategies	O
increasingly	O
rely	O
on	O
algorithms	O
that	O
predict	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
peptides	B-CHED
to	O
MHC	B-PRGE
molecules	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
evaluate	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
NetMHCpan	O
to	O
predict	O
antiviral	B-CHED
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
that	O
we	O
identified	O
with	O
a	O
traditional	O
approach	O
in	O
patients	O
of	O
Asian	O
ethnicity	O
infected	O
with	O
Dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
or	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
33	I-FUNC
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
a	O
Toll	B-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
TLR3	B-PRGE
)	O
viral	O
mimetic	O
,	O
poly	O
(	O
I	O
:	O
C	O
)	O
or	O
by	O
pathogenic	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
L2	O
-	O
MHV3	O
).	O

The	O
CD1d	B-PRGE
KO	I-PRGE
(	O
NKT	B-PRGE
deficient	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
showed	O
hepatoprotection	O
against	O
poly	O
(	O
I	O
:	O
C	O
)-	O
induced	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
in	O
association	O
with	O
increased	O
number	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
33	I-FUNC
expressing	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
CD1d	B-PRGE
KO	I-PRGE
mice	B-SPEC
than	O
WT	O
controls	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
alarmin	B-PRGE
cytokine	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
33	I-PRGE
was	O
over	O
-	O
expressed	B-PROC
during	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
LSEC	O
,	O
VEC	O
and	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
as	O
potential	O
sources	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
33	I-FUNC
.	O

There	O
is	O
little	O
information	O
regarding	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
that	O
correlate	O
with	O
and	O
contribute	O
to	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
found	O
evidence	O
that	O
a	O
Th1	O
-	O
biased	O
cytokine	O
/	O
chemokine	O
response	O
and	O
eicosanoid	B-CHED
-	O
derived	O
inflammation	B-DISO
accompany	O
persistent	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
that	O
antigen	B-PROC
presentation	I-PROC
is	O
ongoing	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
causes	O
transient	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
infection	I-DISO
in	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaques	I-SPEC
.	O

This	O
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
for	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
may	O
explain	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
observed	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
now	O
,	O
limited	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Active	O
replication	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
aberrant	O
induction	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
in	O
human	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
:	O
implications	O
for	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
conclusively	O
showed	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
establish	O
a	O
productive	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
human	B-SPEC
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

Astrovirus	O
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
alone	O
or	O
in	O
various	O
combinations	O
in	O
both	O
LTS	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
LTS	O
flocks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
effects	O
of	O
low	O
dietary	O
vitamin	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
content	O
on	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
feedlot	O
calves	O
inoculated	O
with	O
an	O
inactivated	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
vaccine	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
retinol	B-CHED
concentrations	O
were	O
evaluated	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
obtained	O
throughout	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

A	O
low	O
vitamin	B-CHED
A	I-CHED
diet	O
compromised	O
the	O
serum	B-PRGE
IgG1	B-COMP
responses	O
against	O
inactivated	O
BCoV	O
vaccine	O
,	O
which	O
suggested	O
suppressed	O
T	O
-	O
helper	O
2	O
-	O
associated	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
IgG1	B-COMP
)	O
responses	O
.	O

In	O
July	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
International	O
Health	O
Regulations	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Committee	O
determined	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
did	O
not	O
meet	O
criteria	O
for	O
a	O
""""	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
of	O
international	O
concern	O
","""	O
but	O
was	O
nevertheless	O
of	O
""""	O
serious	O
and	O
great	O
concern	O
"""."	O

This	O
report	O
summarizes	O
epidemiologic	O
information	O
and	O
provides	O
updates	O
to	O
CDC	O
guidance	O
about	O
patient	O
evaluation	O
,	O
case	O
definitions	O
,	O
travel	O
,	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
as	O
of	O
September	O
20	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O

The	O
humanized	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CD26	I-PRGE
MAb	I-PRGE
YS110	I-PRGE
also	O
significantly	O
inhibited	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
both	O
2F9	O
and	O
YS110	O
are	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
of	O
the	O
fusion	O
core	O
and	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
fusion	O
by	O
a	O
heptad	O
repeat	O
peptide	B-CHED
derived	O
from	O
the	O
S	O
protein	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

One	O
of	O
these	O
trimers	O
was	O
successfully	O
crystallized	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
structure	O
was	O
solved	O
at	O
a	O
resolution	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
Å	O
.	O
A	O
canonical	O
6	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
,	O
like	O
those	O
reported	O
for	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
was	O
revealed	O
,	O
with	O
three	O
HR1	O
helices	B-SPEC
forming	O
the	O
central	O
coiled	O
-	O
coil	O
core	O
and	O
three	O
HR2	O
chains	O
surrounding	O
the	O
core	O
in	O
the	O
HR1	O
side	O
grooves	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
was	O
higher	O
among	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
an	O
accompanying	O
malignancy	B-DISO
or	O
immune	B-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
(	O
72	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

Among	O
the	O
124	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
cases	O
,	O
~	O
50	O
%	O
(	O
58	O
)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
WHO	O
-	O
CDC	O
molecular	O
assay	O
,	O
including	O
subtyping	O
.	O

HA1	B-COMP
region	O
characterization	O
showed	O
an	O
overall	O
protein	B-CHED
identity	O
of	O
98	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
4	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
rare	O
cause	O
of	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
in	O
emergency	B-DISO
medicine	B-CHED
:	O
transfusion	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
related	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	I-DISO
.	O

She	O
was	O
managed	O
as	O
TRALI	B-DISO
after	O
diagnostic	O
workup	O
and	O
transported	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
was	O
analyzed	O
for	O
glucose	B-CHED
and	O
insulin	B-PRGE
levels	O
.	O

Pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
on	O
the	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
L	O
:	O
21	O
%,	O
H	O
:	O
32	O
%)	O
and	O
off	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
L	O
:	O
5	O
%,	O
H	O
:	O
15	O
%),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
high	O
group	O
(	O
L	O
:	O
3	O
%,	O
H	O
:	O
19	O
%),	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
while	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
different	O
.	O

Upon	O
enrollment	O
and	O
exit	O
,	O
calves	O
were	O
weighed	O
,	O
and	O
blood	O
,	O
feces	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
biopsies	O
were	O
collected	O
for	O
trace	O
mineral	B-CHED
analysis	O
.	O

Although	O
statistically	O
non	O
-	O
significant	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
clinically	O
important	O
findings	O
identified	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
zinc	B-PRGE
Met	B-CHED
and	I-PRGE
ZO	I-PRGE
treatments	O
.	O

at	O
enrollment	O
and	O
treated	O
with	O
zinc	B-CHED
Met	B-CHED
had	O
higher	O
odds	O
of	O
testing	O
negative	O
at	O
exit	O
compared	O
to	O
placebo	O
calves	O
(	O
Odds	O
Ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)=	O
16	O
.	O
0	O
).	O

Among	O
the	O
eight	O
cytokine	O
genes	O
,	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
induced	O
by	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
markedly	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
induced	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
at	O
30	O
h	O
,	O
whilst	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
and	O
IP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
induced	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
were	O
markedly	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
induced	O
by	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
at	O
24	O
and	O
30	O
h	O
in	O
infected	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Discovery	O
of	O
N	O
-(	O
benzo	O
[	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
]	O
triazol	O
-	O
1	O
-	O
yl	O
)-	O
N	O
-(	O
benzyl	B-CHED
)	O
acetamido	B-CHED
)	O
phenyl	B-CHED
)	O
carboxamides	B-CHED
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
3CLpro	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
:	O
identification	O
of	O
ML300	O
and	O
noncovalent	O
nanomolar	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
with	O
an	O
induced	O
-	O
fit	B-DISO
binding	B-FUNC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Herein	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
discovery	O
and	O
SAR	B-CHED
of	O
a	O
novel	O
series	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
identified	O
through	O
the	O
NIH	O
Molecular	O
Libraries	O
Probe	O
Production	O
Centers	O
Network	O
(	O
MLPCN	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
12	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
,	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
kg	O
spayed	O
female	O
domestic	O
shorthair	O
cat	O
had	O
a	O
tracheal	O
mass	O
identified	O
as	O
malignant	O
B	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
cell	I-DISO
lymphoma	I-DISO
.	O

Computed	O
tomography	O
imaging	O
and	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
analysis	O
supported	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Different	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
induced	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
-	O
mediated	O
models	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
in	O
C57BL6	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
collected	O
Fujian	O
strains	O
were	O
very	O
distant	O
from	O
the	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
strain	O
CV777	O
,	O
which	O
might	O
be	O
the	O
reason	O
why	O
the	O
vaccine	O
was	O
inefficient	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Stability	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
under	O
different	O
environmental	O
conditions	O
.	O

Ninety	O
-	O
two	O
of	O
467	O
patients	O
who	O
underwent	O
ECMO	O
between	O
2005	O
and	O
2009	O
had	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
30	O
consecutive	O
adult	O
patients	O
of	O
these	O
92	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
MODS	B-DISO
were	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
inclusion	O
criteria	O
of	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
with	O
high	O
catecholamine	B-CHED
infusion	O
requirement	O
and	O
100	O
%	O
oxygen	B-CHED
demand	O
in	O
ventilation	O
and	O
ECMO	O
flow	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
codon	O
usage	O
in	O
structural	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
viral	O
genes	O
:	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
Avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
its	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
Gallus	B-SPEC
gallus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
spike	O
gene	O
showed	O
only	O
one	O
100	O
%	O
conserved	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
position	O
coded	O
by	O
an	O
A	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
preferred	O
codon	O
,	O
a	O
significantly	O
low	O
number	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
three	O
other	O
genes	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
arterial	B-ANAT
hypertension	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Following	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
nitric	O
oxide	O
(	O
NO	O
)	O
as	O
the	O
""""	O
endothelium	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
derived	I-CHED
relaxing	I-CHED
factor	I-CHED
","""	O
an	O
explosion	O
of	O
laboratory	O
and	O
clinical	O
research	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
NO	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
therapy	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
arterial	B-ANAT
hypertension	I-DISO
(	O
PAH	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Taking	O
stock	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
133	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
cases	O
globally	O
--	O
Is	O
the	O
epidemic	O
changing	O
?	O

Men	B-PRGE
have	O
a	O
higher	O
CFR	O
(	O
52	O
%)	O
and	O
are	O
over	O
-	O
represented	O
among	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Other	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonias	I-DISO
:	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
hantavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antivirals	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
emerging	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Only	O
mycophenolic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
exhibited	O
low	O
EC50	O
and	O
high	O
selectivity	O
index	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
interferons	O
also	O
exhibited	O
in	O
-	O
vitro	O
anti	O
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
activity	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
,	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
symptomatic	O
and	O
asymptomatic	O
VRTI	O
in	O
HSCT	O
outpatient	O
unit	O
were	O
prospectively	O
evaluated	O
during	O
a	O
single	O
influenza	B-DISO
season	O
(	O
January	O
-	O
March	O
2011	O
).	O

After	O
highly	O
active	O
antiretroviral	O
treatment	O
(	O
HAART	O
)	O
was	O
introduced	O
at	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
35	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
level	O
of	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
not	O
detected	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
was	O
still	O
less	O
than	O
200	O
/	O
μl	O
.	O

We	O
speculated	O
that	O
VZV	B-SPEC
vasculopathy	O
caused	O
by	O
VZV	B-SPEC
reactivation	O
in	O
CNS	B-CHED
was	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
pathomechanism	O
of	O
cerebral	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
rather	O
than	O
HIV	B-DISO
vasculopathy	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
.	O

Exacerbation	O
of	O
both	O
COPD	B-DISO
and	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
which	O
are	O
basically	O
defined	O
and	O
diagnosed	O
by	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
,	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
rapid	O
decline	O
in	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
increased	O
mortality	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
whether	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
enters	O
cells	B-COMP
within	O
endosomes	O
or	O
at	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
depends	O
upon	O
the	O
host	O
cell	B-COMP
type	I-COMP
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
proteases	O
that	O
cleave	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
and	O
activate	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
etiology	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
illnesses	O
during	O
the	O
influenza	B-DISO
season	O
between	O
December	O
2011	O
and	O
April	O
2012	O
.	O

Although	O
AEP	O
was	O
self	O
-	O
limiting	O
,	O
consecutively	O
experienced	O
recurrent	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
atopic	B-DISO
dermatitis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
vulnerability	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
prompted	O
us	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
DOCK8	B-PRGE
deficiency	O
.	O

Investigation	O
of	O
genomic	O
DNA	O
by	O
multiplex	O
ligation	O
-	O
dependent	O
probe	O
amplification	B-DISO
(	O
MLPA	O
)	O
revealed	O
a	O
heterozygous	O
large	O
deletion	O
of	O
77	O
kb	O
spanning	O
from	O
intron	O
5	O
to	O
exon	O
22	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
screening	O
system	O
for	O
entry	O
inspection	O
at	O
airport	O
quarantine	O
stations	O
using	O
ear	O
temperature	O
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
and	O
respiration	B-PROC
rates	O
.	O

This	O
work	O
suggests	O
that	O
5E12	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
as	O
a	O
specific	O
diagnostic	O
reagent	B-CHED
for	O
detecting	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Children	O
with	O
multiple	O
viral	O
findings	O
in	O
their	O
respiratory	O
secretions	B-ANAT
were	O
older	O
than	O
those	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
detected	O
virus	O
.	O

No	O
differences	O
were	O
found	O
regarding	O
duration	O
of	O
hospitalisation	O
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
treatment	O
or	O
admittance	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Faeces	B-ANAT
were	O
non	O
-	O
haemorrhagic	O
.	O

Macroscopically	O
,	O
the	O
diarrhoeic	O
piglets	O
were	O
characterized	O
by	O
filled	O
stomachs	B-ANAT
and	O
flaccid	O
intestines	B-ANAT
without	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
changes	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
findings	O
in	O
the	O
four	O
herds	O
the	O
following	O
case	O
-	O
definition	O
of	O
NNPDS	O
was	O
suggested	O
:	O
Non	O
-	O
haemorrhagic	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
without	O
detection	O
of	O
known	O
infectious	B-DISO
pathogens	O
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
milk	O
-	O
filled	O
stomachs	B-ANAT
and	O
flaccid	O
intestines	B-ANAT
at	O
necropsy	O
.	O

Results	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
characteristics	O
of	O
health	O
/	O
medical	O
institutions	O
spokespersons	O
are	O
professional	O
competence	O
and	O
good	O
interaction	O
with	O
the	O
media	B-ANAT
.	O

From	O
2003	O
to	O
2009	O
,	O
we	O
collected	O
88	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
11	O
ascitic	B-ANAT
fluids	I-ANAT
from	O
FIP	B-DISO
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Six	O
divergent	O
strains	O
were	O
identified	O
with	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
clustering	O
with	O
CCoV	O
-	O
I	O
whereas	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
S	O
was	O
related	O
to	O
FCoV	O
-	O
I	O
.	O
Further	O
analysis	O
on	O
those	O
six	O
samples	O
was	O
attempted	O
by	O
researching	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
ORF3	O
gene	O
,	O
the	O
latter	O
being	O
peculiar	O
to	O
CCoV	O
-	O
I	O
to	O
date	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
pandemic	O
revealed	O
that	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
poses	O
a	O
significant	O
threat	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
and	O
warrants	O
surveillance	O
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
countermeasures	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
wash	O
specimens	O
were	O
prospectively	O
collected	O
from	O
60	O
children	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
,	O
over	O
a	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
.	O

A	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
47	O
(	O
78	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
47	O
(	O
78	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
class	O
of	O
tripeptidyl	O
transition	B-DISO
state	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
containing	O
a	O
P1	O
glutamine	B-CHED
surrogate	O
,	O
a	O
P2	O
leucine	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
a	O
P3	O
arylalanines	O
,	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
potently	O
inhibit	O
Norwalk	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
enzyme	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
based	O
assays	O
.	O

An	O
array	O
of	O
warheads	O
,	O
including	O
aldehyde	B-CHED
,	O
α	O
-	O
ketoamide	O
,	O
bisulfite	B-CHED
adduct	O
,	O
and	O
α	O
-	O
hydroxyphosphonate	O
transition	B-DISO
state	O
mimic	O
,	O
was	O
also	O
investigated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Rivalta	O
'	O
s	O
test	O
as	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
variable	O
in	O
feline	B-SPEC
effusions	B-DISO
--	O
evaluation	O
of	O
optimum	O
reaction	O
and	O
storage	O
conditions	O
.	O

ECMO	O
support	O
allowed	O
adequate	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
correction	O
of	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
under	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
,	O
therefore	O
reducing	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sex	O
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
clinical	O
viewpoint	O
.	O

Given	O
that	O
estrogens	B-CHED
or	O
androgens	B-CHED
are	O
known	O
to	O
modulate	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
their	O
different	O
levels	O
in	O
males	O
and	O
females	O
cannot	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
sexual	B-PROC
dimorphism	I-PROC
observed	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
from	O
birth	B-PROC
to	O
death	B-PROC
with	O
regard	O
to	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
10	O
%	O
to	O
15	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
genes	O
from	O
silenced	O
X	B-COMP
chromosome	I-COMP
may	O
escape	O
inhibition	B-PROC
.	O

High	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
levels	O
in	O
males	O
correlated	O
with	O
poorer	O
prognosis	O
and	O
shorter	O
longevity	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
,	O
recognition	O
of	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
viral	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
signature	O
of	O
""""	O
non	O
-	O
self	O
""""	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
is	O
carried	O
out	O
by	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
(	O
RLRs	O
),	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
dedicated	O
helicases	B-PRGE
whose	O
activation	O
leads	O
to	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
/	O
β	O
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
).	O

To	O
overcome	O
the	O
innate	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
encode	O
suppressors	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
induction	O
,	O
which	O
block	O
RLRs	O
recognition	O
of	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
by	O
means	O
of	O
different	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
categorized	O
into	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
dsRNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
and	O
/	O
or	O
shielding	O
"("""	O
hide	B-ANAT
"""),"	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
termini	O
processing	O
"("""	O
mask	O
""")"	O
and	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
direct	O
interaction	O
with	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
RLRs	O
pathway	B-PROC
"("""	O
hit	O
""")."	O

Genetic	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
strains	O
revealed	O
a	O
close	O
relationship	O
with	O
Chinese	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
and	O
their	O
likely	O
Chinese	O
origin	O
.	O

The	O
three	O
emergent	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
strains	O
are	O
most	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
strain	O
isolated	O
in	O
2012	O
from	O
Anhui	O
Province	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
which	O
might	O
be	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
multiple	O
recombination	O
events	O
between	O
different	O
genetic	O
lineages	O
or	O
sublineages	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
data	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
have	O
important	O
implications	O
for	O
understanding	O
the	O
ongoing	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
outbreaks	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
will	O
guide	O
future	O
efforts	O
to	O
develop	O
effective	O
preventive	O
and	O
control	O
measures	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Since	O
its	O
recognition	O
in	O
May	O
2013	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
has	O
rapidly	O
spread	O
across	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
high	O
mortality	O
in	O
piglets	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
17	O
States	O
now	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
environmental	O
,	O
social	O
and	O
ecological	O
dependencies	O
,	O
emergence	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
is	O
clearly	O
also	O
affected	O
by	O
genetic	O
factors	O
which	O
determine	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
potential	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
209	O
samples	O
(	O
59	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
349	O
NPA	B-CHED
specimens	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
included	O
117	O
cases	O
positive	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HRV	O
),	O
60	O
for	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
20	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
(	O
Inf	O
A	O
),	O
10	O
for	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
ADV	O
),	O
6	O
for	O
parainfluenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
-	O
3	O
),	O
6	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
Boca	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
HBoV	O
),	O
5	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
C	O
(	O
Inf	O
C	O
),	O
4	O
for	O
parainfluenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
4	I-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
-	O
4	O
),	O
4	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
HKU1	O
/	O
OC43	O
,	O
3	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
B	O
(	O
Inf	O
B	O
),	O
3	O
for	O
WU	B-SPEC
Polyomavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
WUPyV	O
),	O
2	O
parainfluenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
-	O
1	O
),	O
2	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
1	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
NL63	O
/	O
229E	O
.	O

The	O
numbers	O
of	O
none	O
serious	O
cases	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
positive	O
group	O
were	O
less	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
negative	O
group	O
while	O
the	O
numbers	O
of	O
extremely	O
serious	O
cases	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
positive	O
group	O
were	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
negative	O
group	O
.	O

Viral	O
pathogen	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
pediatric	O
critical	B-DISO
illnesses	I-DISO
and	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
may	O
lead	O
to	O
severe	O
illness	O
.	O

As	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
may	O
coevolve	O
with	O
their	O
hosts	B-COMP
,	O
we	O
sought	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
closest	O
sister	O
taxon	O
to	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
Eulipotyphla	O
,	O
and	O
screened	O
European	O
hedgehogs	B-SPEC
(	O
Erinaceus	B-SPEC
europaeus	I-SPEC
)	O
from	O
Germany	O
for	O
CoV	O
by	O
nested	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
PCR	O
.	O

A	O
novel	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
phylogenetic	O
sister	O
relationship	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
clade	B-PRGE
c	I-PRGE
bat	I-PRGE
CoVs	I-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
and	O
characterized	O
on	O
the	O
whole	O
-	O
genome	O
level	O
.	O

Thirteen	O
of	O
27	O
(	O
48	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
hedgehog	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
contained	O
non	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
animal	B-SPEC
origins	O
of	O
this	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
clade	O
that	O
includes	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
may	O
thus	O
include	O
both	O
bat	B-ENZY
and	O
nonbat	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hajj	O
pilgrims	O
knowledge	O
about	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
August	O
to	O
September	O
2013	O
.	O

Gasp	B-DISO
latency	O
and	O
the	O
time	O
required	O
for	O
respiratory	O
,	O
HR	O
,	O
and	O
MAP	O
recovery	O
following	O
each	O
episode	O
were	O
determined	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Broncho	O
-	O
pulmonary	O
dysplasia	B-DISO
(	O
BPD	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
chronic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
that	O
follows	O
premature	B-DISO
birth	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
preceded	O
by	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
RDS	O
),	O
characterized	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
deficiency	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
at	O
birth	B-PROC
.	O

To	O
build	O
up	O
new	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
for	O
BPD	B-DISO
babies	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
complicated	O
by	O
environmental	O
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
genetic	O
predisposition	O
.	O

The	O
38	O
identified	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
IAH	B-FUNC
and	O
24	O
for	O
ACS	B-FUNC
could	O
be	O
clustered	O
into	O
three	O
themes	O
and	O
eight	O
subthemes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Activity	O
of	O
and	O
effect	O
of	O
subcutaneous	O
treatment	O
with	O
the	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
lectin	B-PRGE
griffithsin	I-PRGE
in	O
two	O
laboratory	O
rodent	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

Further	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
serum	B-COMP
from	O
GRFT	O
-	O
treated	O
animals	B-SPEC
retained	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
-	O
enveloped	O
pseudoviruses	O
in	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
neutralization	O
assay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
emerging	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
high	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
among	O
identified	O
cases	O
.	O

For	O
some	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
origin	O
has	O
been	O
confirmed	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
lyssaviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
henipaviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
coronaviruses	O
),	O
for	O
other	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
(	O
filoviruses	O
).	O

The	O
RSV	B-SPEC
and	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
epidemics	O
of	O
2009	O
/	O
2010	O
erupted	O
several	O
weeks	O
later	O
than	O
expected	O
based	O
on	O
data	O
collected	O
in	O
the	O
PID	B-DISO
-	O
ARI	B-CHED
-	O
Network	O
during	O
the	O
past	O
10	O
years	O
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
the	O
2010	O
/	O
2011	O
influenza	B-DISO
season	O
they	O
occurred	O
as	O
expected	O
.	O

Overall	O
presence	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
appeared	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
limited	O
impact	O
on	O
outcome	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
is	O
relatively	O
low	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
where	O
21	O
%	O
fulfilled	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
criteria	O
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
has	O
a	O
high	O
detection	O
rate	O
in	O
pig	B-SPEC
herds	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

In	O
June	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
Food	O
and	O
Drug	O
Administration	O
authorized	O
emergency	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
panel	O
as	O
an	O
in	O
vitro	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
A	O
kit	B-FUNC
consisting	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
assay	O
signatures	O
and	O
a	O
positive	O
control	O
was	O
assembled	O
and	O
distributed	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
laboratories	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
internationally	O
to	O
support	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
surveillance	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
responses	O
.	O

CD4	B-PRGE
⁺	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
⁺	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
essential	O
to	O
control	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
but	O
at	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

A	O
panel	O
that	O
included	O
11	O
biomarkers	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
fibroblast	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
,	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
injury	O
,	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
injury	O
was	O
measured	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
morning	O
of	O
ICU	O
day	O
two	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
five	O
best	O
-	O
performing	O
biomarkers	O
(	O
surfactant	B-CHED
protein	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
(	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
),	O
receptor	O
for	O
advanced	O
glycation	O
end	O
-	O
products	O
(	O
RAGE	O
),	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
),	O
club	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
secretory	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
(	O
CC	O
-	O
16	O
),	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
))	O
the	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
receiver	O
operator	O
characteristic	O
curve	O
(	O
AUC	O
)	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
75	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Brain	B-ANAT
-	O
type	O
natriuretic	O
peptide	B-CHED
and	O
right	O
ventricular	B-PROC
end	I-PROC
-	I-PROC
diastolic	I-PROC
volume	I-PROC
index	O
measurements	O
are	O
imprecise	O
estimates	O
of	O
circulating	O
blood	O
volume	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
subjects	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
retrospectively	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
HCoVs	O
in	O
different	O
populations	O
of	O
São	O
Paulo	O
presenting	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ARIs	O
)	O
during	O
the	O
years	O
of	O
2001	O
-	O
2010	O
.	O

Perfusion	O
computed	O
tomography	O
allows	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
pancreatic	B-DISO
necrosis	B-PROC
.	O

Factors	O
associated	O
with	O
greater	O
fluid	O
sequestration	O
in	O
AP	O
are	O
alcoholic	O
etiology	O
,	O
an	O
elevated	O
hematocrit	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
criteria	O
of	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
fluid	O
sequestration	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
worse	O
outcome	O
.	O

True	O
pseudocysts	B-DISO
(	O
fluid	O
collections	O
without	O
necrosis	B-PROC
for	O
more	O
than	O
4	O
weeks	O
)	O
are	O
a	O
highly	O
infrequent	O
complication	B-DISO
in	O
AP	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pertussis	B-PATH
is	O
an	O
illness	O
that	O
causes	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
infants	O
younger	O
than	O
3	O
months	O
old	O
.	O

Because	O
bronchiolar	B-ANAT
obstruction	B-DISO
from	O
inflammatory	O
,	O
mucous	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
debris	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
severe	O
pertussis	B-PATH
,	O
a	O
regimen	O
of	O
repeated	O
therapeutic	O
bronchoscopy	O
was	O
initiated	O
,	O
and	O
thick	O
,	O
inspissated	O
secretions	B-ANAT
were	O
retrieved	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
conducted	O
global	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
profiling	O
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
after	O
nephropathogenic	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
to	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
interactions	O
between	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
contributed	O
to	O
differential	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
1777	O
genes	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
876	O
were	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
and	O
901	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
in	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
compared	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
control	O
chickens	B-SPEC
and	O
103	O
associated	O
with	O
immune	O
and	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
may	O
play	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
defense	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
during	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Data	O
from	O
85	O
consecutive	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
equipped	O
with	O
ECMO	O
by	O
our	O
mobile	O
team	O
and	O
consequently	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
ICU	O
were	O
prospectively	O
collected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Age	O
,	O
SOFA	O
score	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
accurately	O
evaluate	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
considered	O
for	O
retrieval	O
under	O
ECMO	O
from	O
distant	O
hospitals	O
.	O

Ophtalmoplegia	O
,	O
autonomic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
botulism	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prolonged	O
duration	O
ECMO	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
futility	O
,	O
native	O
lung	B-ANAT
recovery	O
,	O
or	O
transplantation	O
?	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
recommended	O
as	O
a	O
treatment	O
modality	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
≤	O
100	O
mm	O
Hg	O
with	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
≥	O
5	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
)	O
as	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
.	O

At	O
present	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
established	O
national	O
criteria	O
for	O
when	O
to	O
consider	O
futility	O
or	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
requiring	O
ECMO	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
lung	O
may	O
have	O
unexpected	O
regenerative	O
capacity	O
with	O
native	O
lung	B-ANAT
recovery	O
after	O
prolonged	O
mechanical	O
support	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
native	O
renal	B-ANAT
recovery	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
features	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
at	O
seven	O
hospitals	O
on	O
the	O
East	O
Coast	O
of	O
Australia	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
other	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
males	O
are	O
more	O
frequently	O
affected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
2002	O
-	O
3	O
pandemic	O
caused	O
by	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
public	O
health	O
events	O
in	O
recent	O
history	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
together	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
uORF	O
represses	O
ORF1	O
translation	B-PROC
yet	O
plays	O
a	O
beneficial	O
but	O
nonessential	O
role	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Architecture	O
and	O
biogenesis	B-PROC
of	O
plus	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
factories	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Plus	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
virus	O
replication	O
occurs	O
in	O
tight	O
association	O
with	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
host	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
.	O

Electron	O
tomography	O
studies	O
conducted	O
during	O
the	O
last	O
couple	O
of	O
years	O
revealed	O
the	O
three	O
dimensional	O
structure	O
of	O
numerous	O
plus	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
compartments	B-ANAT
and	O
highlight	O
morphological	O
analogies	O
between	O
different	O
virus	B-SPEC
families	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
morphology	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
membrane	B-COMP
rearrangements	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
two	O
separate	O
subclasses	O
:	O
the	O
invaginated	B-DISO
vesicle	B-COMP
/	O
spherule	O
type	O
and	O
the	O
double	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicle	B-COMP
type	O
.	O

New	O
and	O
emerging	O
drugs	O
address	O
unique	O
aspects	O
of	O
airway	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
biology	O
but	O
at	O
a	O
significant	O
financial	O
cost	O
.	O

There	O
have	O
been	O
case	O
reports	O
of	O
complications	O
like	O
thrombocytopaenia	O
,	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
a	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
hepatic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
and	O
renal	B-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

Besides	O
hepatomegaly	B-DISO
and	O
splenomegaly	O
which	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
symptoms	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
seen	O
in	O
81	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
and	O
72	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
children	O
respectively	O
,	O
the	O
various	O
unusual	O
manifestations	O
seen	O
were	O
severe	O
thrombocytopaenia	O
(	O
37	O
%),	O
jaundice	B-DISO
with	O
deranged	O
LFT	O
values	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
abnormal	B-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
(	O
18	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
impaired	B-DISO
consciousness	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
GCS	O
of	O
<	O
9	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
severe	O
anaemia	B-DISO
(	O
14	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
hypotension	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
repeated	O
convulsions	B-DISO
(	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
and	O
ascites	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

One	O
of	O
them	O
was	O
successfully	O
treated	O
with	O
no	O
incident	O
of	O
relapse	B-DISO
within	O
12	O
-	O
month	O
medical	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

He	O
succumbed	O
to	O
multiple	O
complications	O
including	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Aquaporin	B-FUNC
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
CNS	B-CHED
acidosis	B-DISO
and	O
neuromyelitis	B-DISO
optica	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
potential	O
link	O
.	O

In	O
around	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
NMO	B-CHED
is	O
caused	O
by	O
autoantibodies	O
to	O
astrocytic	B-ANAT
aquaporin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
AQP4	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
most	O
abundant	O
water	B-CHED
channel	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Should	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreak	O
or	O
an	O
environmental	O
disaster	O
occur	O
,	O
the	O
collection	O
of	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
must	O
start	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
after	O
the	O
event	O
'	O
s	O
onset	O
.	O

The	O
catalogue	O
of	O
questions	O
was	O
initiated	O
from	O
a	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
KAP	O
studies	O
conducted	O
during	O
or	O
after	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
termed	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
origin	O
from	O
rhinolophid	O
bats	B-SPEC
in	O
2005	O
.	O

We	O
next	O
discuss	O
preliminary	O
evidence	O
for	O
phylogenetic	O
co	O
-	O
segregation	O
of	O
CoVs	O
and	O
bat	B-ENZY
hosts	B-COMP
encompassing	O
the	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
clades	O
b	O
and	O
d	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
emphasis	O
on	O
the	O
sampling	O
bias	B-SPEC
that	O
exists	O
among	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
mammals	B-SPEC
,	O
then	O
present	O
examples	O
of	O
CoVs	O
infecting	O
different	O
hosts	B-COMP
on	O
the	O
one	O
hand	O
and	O
viruses	B-SPEC
apparently	O
confined	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
genera	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
our	O
strategy	O
of	O
platform	O
technology	O
against	O
various	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
introduced	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
is	O
the	O
first	O
line	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
defence	O
.	O

Deletion	O
of	O
ORF7	O
from	O
FIPV	O
strain	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
(	O
FIPV	O
-	O
Δ7	O
)	O
rendered	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
more	O
susceptible	O
to	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Over	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
synthetic	O
gene	O
encoding	O
interferon	B-PRGE
lambda	I-PRGE
using	O
relative	O
synonymous	O
codon	O
usage	O
bias	O
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
describes	O
a	O
computational	O
approach	O
known	O
as	O
relative	O
synonymous	O
codon	O
usage	O
(	O
RSCU	O
);	O
used	O
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
λ	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
a	O
eukaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
system	O
.	O

Higher	O
concentrations	O
of	O
IPTG	B-CHED
had	O
no	O
or	O
negative	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
λ	I-PRGE
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
classified	O
in	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

When	O
patients	O
were	O
classified	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
Berlin	O
definition	O
,	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
open	O
ventilation	O
method	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
one	O
which	O
gave	O
lower	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
levels	O
in	O
mild	O
and	O
moderate	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
compared	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
8	O
±	O
2	O
and	O
11	O
±	O
3	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
vs	O
15	O
±	O
3	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
whereas	O
ExPress	O
,	O
stress	O
index	O
,	O
and	O
esophageal	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
methods	O
gave	O
similar	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
values	O
in	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
39	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
presented	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
room	O
with	O
nausea	B-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
9	O
hours	O
after	O
ingestion	O
of	O
wild	B-SPEC
garlic	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
small	O
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
to	O
aid	O
in	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
countermeasures	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
We	O
found	O
that	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
,	O
129	O
/	O
SvEv	O
and	O
129	O
/	O
SvEv	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
knockout	O
mice	B-SPEC
are	O
not	O
permissive	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
the	O
2013	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
among	O
swine	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
two	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
(	O
ISU13	O
-	O
19338E	O
and	O
ISU13	O
-	O
22038	O
)	O
successfully	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestines	I-ANAT
of	O
piglets	O
from	O
sow	O
farms	O
in	O
Indiana	O
and	O
Iowa	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Further	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
ΔE	O
resulted	O
in	O
decreased	O
activation	O
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
compared	O
to	O
levels	O
for	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Contrasting	O
the	O
mild	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
and	O
100	O
%	O
survival	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
-	O
infected	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
wt	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
nearly	O
60	O
%	O
of	O
infected	O
Ifit2	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
severe	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
and	O
succumbed	O
between	O
6	O
and	O
8	O
days	O
postinfection	O
.	O

Massive	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
complicated	O
6	O
of	O
every	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
deliveries	O
with	O
cases	O
observed	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
smallest	O
facilities	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Massive	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
complicated	O
6	O
of	O
every	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
deliveries	O
with	O
cases	O
observed	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
smallest	O
facilities	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
known	O
risk	O
for	O
receipt	O
of	O
massive	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
,	O
women	O
should	O
be	O
informed	O
of	O
this	O
possibility	O
,	O
should	O
deliver	O
in	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
resourced	O
facility	O
if	O
possible	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
receive	O
appropriate	O
blood	B-ANAT
product	O
preparation	O
and	O
venous	B-ANAT
access	O
in	O
advance	O
of	O
delivery	O
.	O

Bioinformatic	O
'	O
s	O
analysis	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
Felis	B-SPEC
catus	I-SPEC
2X	O
annotated	O
shotgun	O
reference	O
genome	O
,	O
using	O
CLC	O
bio	O
Genome	O
Workbench	O
mapped	O
both	O
control	O
and	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
reads	O
to	O
18899	O
genes	O
out	O
of	O
19046	O
annotated	O
genes	O
.	O

Most	O
genes	O
were	O
closely	O
clustered	O
together	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
homogeneous	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neurally	O
adjusted	O
ventilatory	O
assist	O
vs	O
pressure	O
support	O
ventilation	O
in	O
infants	O
recovering	O
from	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
nested	O
study	O
.	O

Infants	O
affected	O
by	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
requiring	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
ventilation	O
and	O
weaned	B-PROC
with	O
NAVA	O
during	O
2010	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
Pao2	B-PRGE
/	O
Fio2	O
ratio	O
decreased	O
less	O
in	O
NAVA	O
than	O
in	O
PSV	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
influence	O
of	O
CD25	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD4	I-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
regulatory	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
Treg	O
)	O
on	O
acute	O
and	O
chronic	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
examined	O
using	O
a	O
glial	B-ANAT
tropic	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Treg	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
were	O
highest	O
during	O
initial	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
mediated	O
virus	B-SPEC
control	O
,	O
decreased	O
and	O
then	O
remained	O
relatively	O
stable	O
during	O
persistence	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
their	O
absence	O
during	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
alters	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
to	O
limit	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
vein	B-ANAT
,	O
we	O
propose	O
the	O
term	O
""""	O
critical	O
asthma	B-PATH
syndrome	B-DISO
""""	O
(	O
CAS	B-DISO
)	O
to	O
describe	O
any	O
child	O
or	O
adult	O
who	O
is	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
for	O
fatal	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

CAS	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
severe	B-DISO
persistent	I-DISO
asthma	B-PATH
where	O
control	O
of	O
symptoms	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
exacerbations	O
are	O
targets	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
management	O
in	O
the	O
outpatient	O
setting	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ventilatory	O
strategies	O
and	O
supportive	O
care	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
usually	O
receive	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
supplemental	O
oxygen	B-CHED
to	O
counteract	O
the	O
hypoxemia	O
resulting	O
from	O
severe	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
abnormalities	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
value	O
of	O
adjunctive	O
immunomodulatory	O
therapies	O
in	O
treating	O
severe	O
influenza	O
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
remains	O
uncertain	O
.	O

In	O
-	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
rates	O
were	O
13	O
%	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
19	O
%,	O
32	O
%	O
and	O
32	O
%	O
in	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
22	O
).	O

With	O
intubation	O
rates	O
below	O
35	O
%	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
mild	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
NIV	O
stands	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
-	O
line	O
approach	O
;	O
NIV	O
may	O
be	O
attempted	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
a	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
>	O
150	O
.	O

For	O
17	O
/	O
25	O
samples	O
,	O
single	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
detected	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
six	O
CCoV	O
-	O
I	O
,	O
nine	B-PRGE
CCoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IIa	I-PRGE
and	O
two	O
CCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IIb	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
novel	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
emerged	O
in	O
humans	O
in	O
the	O
twenty	O
-	O
first	O
century	O
:	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
cause	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
114	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
,	O
with	O
54	O
fatalities	O
.	O

The	O
lung	B-ANAT
expression	B-PROC
of	O
adhesion	B-DISO
molecules	O
(	O
intercellular	B-PRGE
adhesion	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
platelet	B-PRGE
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
adhesion	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
vascular	B-PRGE
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	I-PRGE
[	O
VCAM	O
])	O
was	O
evaluated	O
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
acute	O
estradiol	B-CHED
treatment	O
could	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
agent	O
in	O
ischemic	O
events	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
raises	O
an	O
important	O
issue	O
of	O
clinically	O
considering	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
heart	B-ANAT
in	O
cases	O
of	O
disseminated	B-DISO
blastomycosis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
type	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
transmembrane	I-PRGE
serine	B-CHED
proteases	I-PRGE
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
and	O
HAT	B-PRGE
can	O
cleave	O
and	O
activate	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
for	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
no	O
mechanistic	O
insights	O
into	O
this	O
process	O
were	O
obtained	O
and	O
the	O
relevance	O
of	O
ACE2	O
cleavage	B-PROC
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	O
activation	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
determined	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
arginine	B-CHED
and	O
lysine	B-CHED
residues	O
within	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
697	O
to	O
716	O
are	O
essential	O
for	O
cleavage	B-PROC
by	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
and	O
HAT	B-PRGE
and	O
that	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
processing	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
augmentation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
S	O
-	O
driven	O
entry	O
by	O
these	O
proteases	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
was	O
dispensable	O
for	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
S	O
protein	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
discovered	O
a	O
novel	O
gammacoronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
three	O
Indo	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Pacific	I-SPEC
bottlenose	I-SPEC
dolphins	I-SPEC
(	O
Tursiops	B-SPEC
aduncus	I-SPEC
),	O
which	O
we	O
named	O
bottlenose	O
dolphin	O
CoV	O
(	O
BdCoV	O
)	O
HKU22	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
are	O
recognized	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
with	O
neuroinvasive	O
and	O
neurotropic	O
properties	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
glutamate	B-PROC
recycling	I-PROC
via	O
the	O
glial	B-PRGE
transporter	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
transporter	I-PRGE
and	O
glutamine	B-PRGE
synthetase	I-PRGE
are	O
central	O
to	O
the	O
dysregulation	O
of	O
glutamate	B-PROC
homeostasis	I-PROC
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
motor	O
dysfunctions	O
and	O
paralytic	O
disease	O
in	O
HCoV	O
-	O
OC43	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
memantine	B-CHED
attenuated	O
mortality	O
rates	O
and	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
loss	O
and	O
reduced	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
in	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

Mutations	O
in	O
the	O
surface	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
appear	O
after	O
persistent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
a	O
possible	O
viral	O
adaptation	B-PROC
to	O
this	O
environment	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
chronic	O
MSE	O
appearing	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
after	O
CPR	B-ENZY
is	O
called	O
Lance	O
-	O
Adams	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
LAS	O
),	O
which	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
preserved	O
intellect	O
and	O
a	O
favorable	O
prognosis	O
.	O

Differential	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
also	O
challenging	O
as	O
LAS	O
was	O
developed	O
8	O
hours	O
after	O
the	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
event	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Pharmacological	O
treatment	O
of	O
hemorheological	O
disorders	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
viral	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
].	O

The	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
enzyme	O
poly	O
(	O
adenosine	B-CHED
diphosphate	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
)	O
polymerase	O
(	O
PARP	B-PRGE
)	O
enhances	O
the	O
nuclear	O
factor	O
(	O
NF	O
)-	O
κB	O
-	O
dependent	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
elucidate	O
two	O
questions	O
:	O
first	O
,	O
whether	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
PARP	B-PRGE
and	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
mediates	O
the	O
renal	B-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
the	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
;	O
second	O
,	O
whether	O
a	O
PARP	B-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
3	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
aminobenzamide	I-CHED
(	O
3	O
-	O
AB	O
),	O
attenuates	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
kidney	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
by	O
inhibiting	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
κB	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
proinflammatory	I-PRGE
cytokines	I-PRGE
.	O

LPS	B-DISO
induced	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
hypotension	O
,	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
increased	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
wet	O
/	O
dry	O
ratio	O
,	O
increased	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
creatinine	B-CHED
and	O
potassium	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
increased	O
the	O
cytokine	O
mRNA	B-CHED
expressions	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
PARP	B-PRGE
inhibition	B-PROC
attenuated	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
kidney	B-ANAT
crosstalk	B-PROC
induced	O
by	O
intratracheal	O
LPS	B-DISO
instillation	O
,	O
partly	O
via	O
an	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
κB	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
proinflammatory	I-PRGE
cytokines	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
New	O
and	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
in	O
canine	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Etiology	O
,	O
clinical	O
disease	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
epidemiology	O
are	O
described	O
for	O
each	O
pathogen	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
emphasis	O
on	O
recent	O
discoveries	O
or	O
novel	O
findings	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2009	O
,	O
severe	O
fever	B-PROC
with	O
thrombocytopenia	O
syndrome	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SFTSV	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
phlebovirus	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Bunyaviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

Clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
features	O
of	O
115	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
SFTSV	O
infection	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
period	O
from	O
June	O
2010	O
to	O
December	O
2011	O
in	O
Northeast	O
China	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
novel	O
bunyavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
patients	O
may	O
sufferer	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
and	O
die	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
novel	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
had	O
,	O
as	O
of	O
Aug	O
8	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
caused	O
111	O
virologically	O
confirmed	O
or	O
probable	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
worldwide	O
.	O

By	O
showing	O
that	O
a	O
slowly	O
growing	O
epidemic	O
is	O
underway	O
either	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
beings	O
or	O
in	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoir	O
,	O
quantification	O
of	O
uncertainty	O
in	O
transmissibility	O
estimates	O
,	O
and	O
provision	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
estimates	O
of	O
the	O
scale	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
and	O
extent	O
of	O
case	O
detection	O
biases	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
valuable	O
information	O
for	O
more	O
informed	O
risk	O
assessment	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
emerged	O
,	O
causing	O
serious	O
respiratory	O
cases	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
authors	O
discuss	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
Hungary	O
in	O
2005	O
and	O
highlight	O
its	O
significance	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
IgG	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
positivity	O
of	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
having	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alpha	O
and	O
lineage	O
C	O
betaCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
Italian	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

After	O
controlling	O
for	O
institutional	O
setting	O
,	O
reading	O
the	O
national	O
preparedness	O
plan	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
establishment	O
of	O
a	O
BCP	O
(	O
OR	O
5	O
.	O
86	O
),	O
and	O
with	O
knowledge	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
transfer	O
a	O
swab	O
specimen	O
to	O
a	O
local	O
medical	O
laboratory	O
(	O
OR	O
5	O
.	O
60	O
).	O

After	O
controlling	O
for	O
institutional	O
setting	O
,	O
reading	O
the	O
national	O
preparedness	O
plan	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
establishment	O
of	O
a	O
BCP	O
(	O
OR	O
5	O
.	O
86	O
),	O
and	O
with	O
knowledge	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
transfer	O
a	O
swab	O
specimen	O
to	O
a	O
local	O
medical	O
laboratory	O
(	O
OR	O
5	O
.	O
60	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
causing	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
44	O
%	O
mortality	O
among	O
136	O
cases	O
to	O
date	O
.	O

No	O
complication	B-DISO
related	O
to	O
PP	O
was	O
detected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
describes	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
spatio	O
-	O
temporal	O
disease	O
model	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
episodes	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
that	O
took	O
place	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
:	O
beyond	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
RSV	B-SPEC
into	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
becoming	O
increasingly	O
evident	O
that	O
the	O
two	O
-	O
subunit	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RT	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
versatile	O
enzyme	O
,	O
undergoing	O
major	O
structural	O
alterations	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
interact	O
with	O
,	O
position	O
and	O
ultimately	O
hydrolyze	O
the	O
RNA	O
component	O
of	O
an	O
RNA	O
/	O
DNA	O
hybrid	O
.	O

The	O
CT	O
appearance	O
of	O
the	O
lesions	O
corresponded	O
to	O
a	O
spread	O
of	O
bilateral	O
micro	O
-	O
connected	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
nodules	B-DISO
(	O
a	O
""""	O
tree	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
bud	B-ANAT
""""	O
pattern	O
)	O
associated	O
with	O
obstructive	O
ventilatory	O
disorder	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
adjunct	O
by	O
their	O
action	O
on	O
the	O
small	O
airways	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
may	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
Proteus	B-SPEC
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
very	O
rare	O
cause	O
of	O
pulmonary	O
emphysema	O
.	O

The	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
emphysema	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

It	O
can	O
be	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
cysts	B-DISO
leading	O
to	O
emphysema	B-DISO
may	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
AKT1	B-PRGE
activation	O
pathway	B-PROC
with	O
lymphangioleiomyomatosis	B-DISO
.	O

For	O
many	O
years	O
the	O
traditional	O
teaching	O
has	O
been	O
that	O
SCD	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
restrictive	O
lung	B-ANAT
defect	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
ORF1b	I-PRGE
-	O
encoded	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
12	O
-	O
16	O
:	O
replicative	O
enzymes	O
as	O
antiviral	B-CHED
targets	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cell	B-ANAT
-	O
based	O
antiviral	B-CHED
screening	O
against	O
coronaviruses	O
:	O
developing	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
and	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
inhibitors	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
we	O
review	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
assays	O
using	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
BSL	O
-	O
3	O
)	O
and	O
surrogate	O
assays	O
(	O
BSL	O
-	O
2	O
)	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
to	O
accelerate	O
antiviral	B-CHED
development	B-PROC
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
future	O
emergent	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
age	O
of	O
patients	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
161	O
)	O
was	O
50	O
years	O
(	O
range	O
14	O
months	O
to	O
94	O
years	O
),	O
64	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
were	O
male	O
and	O
63	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
experienced	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
median	O
age	O
of	O
patients	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
161	O
)	O
was	O
50	O
years	O
(	O
range	O
14	O
months	O
to	O
94	O
years	O
),	O
64	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
were	O
male	O
and	O
63	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
experienced	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Akt2	B-PRGE
deficiency	O
protects	O
from	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
via	O
alternative	O
macrophage	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
and	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
146a	I-PRGE
induction	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
146a	I-PRGE
,	O
an	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
microRNA	O
targeting	B-PROC
TLR4	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
,	O
was	O
induced	O
during	O
the	O
late	O
phase	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
WT	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
whereas	O
it	O
was	O
increased	O
early	O
in	O
Akt2	B-PRGE
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
detail	O
outcomes	O
of	O
clinical	O
examination	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
testing	O
,	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
assessment	O
and	O
radiographic	O
appearance	O
on	O
CT	O
Thorax	B-ANAT
at	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
at	O
6	O
months	O
.	O

Further	O
clinical	O
assessment	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
testing	O
were	O
performed	O
at	O
median	O
19	O
months	O
(	O
range	O
18	O
-	O
21	O
months	O
)	O
post	O
-	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

At	O
initial	O
review	O
all	O
patients	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
reduced	O
gas	B-ENZY
transfer	O
(	O
median	O
predicted	O
DLCO	O
74	O
%)	O
with	O
preservation	O
of	O
lung	B-PROC
volumes	I-PROC
and	O
normal	O
spirometrical	O
values	O
at	O
6	O
months	O
(	O
median	O
FVC	B-PROC
5	O
.	O
42L	O
[	O
101	O
%	O
predicted	O
]	O
and	O
FEV14	O
.	O
5L	O
[	O
101	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
predicted	O
]	O
respectively	O
),	O
with	O
improvements	O
in	O
gas	O
transfer	O
(	O
median	O
predicted	O
DLCO	O
83	O
%)	O
at	O
subsequent	O
testing	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
cloacal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
,	O
TCoV	O
was	O
detected	O
consistently	O
at	O
3	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
12	O
days	O
postinoculation	O
(	O
DPI	O
)	O
with	O
higher	O
rates	O
of	O
detection	O
after	O
5	O
DPI	O
(>	O
90	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cross	O
-	O
protective	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
elicited	O
by	O
a	O
Korean	O
variant	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

IBVs	O
continuously	O
evolve	O
by	O
developing	O
mutations	O
in	O
antigenic	O
sites	O
;	O
therefore	O
,	O
an	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
that	O
provides	O
broad	O
cross	O
-	O
protection	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
highly	O
relevant	O
and	O
practical	O
method	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
control	O
strategies	O
.	O

Although	O
some	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
strains	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
provide	O
protection	O
against	O
multiple	O
IBV	B-SPEC
serotypes	O
,	O
in	O
general	O
commercially	O
available	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
strains	O
provide	O
protection	O
against	O
antigenically	O
related	O
viruses	B-SPEC
but	O
not	O
distinct	O
heterologous	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Activation	O
and	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
to	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
is	O
mostly	O
attributable	O
to	O
local	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
chemokines	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
sought	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
extended	O
temporal	O
relationship	O
between	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
chemotactic	O
factor	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
influx	O
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
into	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
after	O
intratracheal	O
administration	O
of	O
either	O
LPS	B-DISO
or	O
bleomycin	B-CHED
.	O

AVPdb	O
contains	O
detailed	O
information	O
of	O
2683	O
peptides	B-CHED
,	O
including	O
624	O
modified	O
peptides	B-CHED
experimentally	O
tested	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Tumor	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
factor	I-FUNC
α	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
)	O
receptor	O
-	O
I	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
fulminant	O
virus	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
murine	O
hepatitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
-	O
3	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
rather	O
than	O
Foxp3	O
(+)	O
regulatory	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
produce	O
proinflammatory	O
factors	O
and	O
FGL2	B-PRGE
directly	O
,	O
into	O
the	O
infected	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
spleen	I-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
was	O
also	O
decreased	O
in	O
TNFR1	B-PRGE
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
reviewed	O
available	O
data	O
from	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
case	O
reports	O
,	O
and	O
compared	O
this	O
with	O
data	O
on	O
kinetics	O
of	O
shedding	O
and	O
immune	O
response	O
from	O
published	O
literature	O
on	O
other	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
hCoVs	O
).	O

Additionally	O
,	O
aptamers	O
can	O
potentially	O
bind	B-FUNC
any	O
targets	O
and	O
any	O
pathogen	O
that	O
is	O
theoretically	O
amenable	O
to	O
rapid	O
targeting	B-PROC
,	O
making	O
aptamers	O
invaluable	O
tools	O
for	O
treating	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
diseases	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
although	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
levels	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
are	O
safe	O
,	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
of	O
the	O
mortality	O
rates	O
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
some	O
metaanalyses	O
have	O
revealed	O
2	O
situations	O
in	O
which	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
may	O
decrease	O
mortality	O
:	O
When	O
used	O
in	O
severe	O
distress	O
and	O
when	O
PEEP	B-CHED
is	O
set	O
following	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
.	O

Unfortunately	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
have	O
small	O
sample	O
sizes	O
and	O
have	O
used	O
different	O
means	O
to	O
determine	O
optimum	O
PEEP	B-CHED
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
partial	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
Thai	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
clustered	O
into	O
2	O
groups	O
related	O
to	O
Korean	O
and	O
Chinese	O
field	O
isolates	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
epidemic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
complete	O
ORF3	O
genes	O
of	O
14	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
field	O
strains	O
from	O
central	O
China	O
during	O
2012	O
to	O
2013	O
were	O
cloned	O
,	O
sequenced	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
reference	O
strains	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
reason	O
for	O
recent	O
vaccination	O
failures	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
studied	O
variations	O
in	O
antigenicity	O
of	O
field	O
strains	O
by	O
analyzing	O
the	O
three	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	O
regions	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
clarithromycin	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
Gram	O
-	O
negative	O
sepsis	B-DISO
:	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
previous	O
randomized	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
clarithromycin	O
decreases	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
ventilator	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
shortens	O
the	O
time	O
until	O
infection	B-DISO
resolution	O
.	O

Overall	O
28	O
day	O
mortality	O
was	O
17	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
51	O
deaths	B-PROC
)	O
in	O
the	O
placebo	O
arm	B-ANAT
and	O
18	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
56	O
deaths	B-PROC
)	O
in	O
the	O
clarithromycin	B-CHED
arm	B-ANAT
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
671	O
).	O

Even	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
pharmaceuticals	B-CHED
to	O
treat	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
indication	O
that	O
the	O
disease	O
will	O
be	O
eradicated	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
classification	O
showed	O
that	O
63	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
isolates	O
belonged	O
to	O
groups	O
B1	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
A	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
B2	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
R	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
equi	I-SPEC
,	O
Toxocara	B-SPEC
sp	O
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
virulent	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
isolates	O
in	O
the	O
environment	O
of	O
parks	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
sanitary	O
conditions	O
of	O
the	O
sand	O
should	O
be	O
improved	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
risks	O
of	O
fecal	B-ANAT
transmission	O
of	O
pathogens	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
potential	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
in	O
these	O
places	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mice	B-SPEC
immunogenicity	O
after	O
vaccination	O
by	O
DNA	O
vaccines	O
containing	O
individual	O
genes	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
type	O
of	O
reovirus	O
.	O

The	O
Surviving	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
Campaign	O
(	O
SSC	O
)	O
guidelines	O
released	O
in	O
2012	O
emphasize	O
early	O
recognition	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
an	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
burden	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
worldwide	O
.	O

Scoring	O
systems	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
in	O
an	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
being	O
the	O
Berlin	O
Definition	O
.	O

This	O
system	O
attempts	O
to	O
define	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
more	O
precision	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
timing	O
of	O
disease	O
onset	O
,	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
findings	O
.	O

Sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
has	O
a	O
generally	O
higher	O
disease	O
severity	O
and	O
poorer	O
recovery	O
period	O
from	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

Prevention	O
of	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
VILI	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
positive	O
impact	O
on	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
2006	O
Pandemic	O
Influenza	B-DISO
Preparedness	O
and	O
Response	O
Plan	B-DISO
according	O
to	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
'	O
s	O
recommendation	O
,	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
has	O
prepared	O
and	O
periodically	O
evaluated	O
the	O
plan	B-DISO
to	O
respond	O
to	O
various	O
public	O
health	O
crises	O
including	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
6069	O
patients	O
who	O
underwent	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
37	O
patients	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
postoperative	O
period	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
gain	O
comprehensive	O
genetic	O
information	O
of	O
circulating	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
isolates	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
,	O
entropy	O
of	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
positive	O
selection	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
computational	O
recombinations	B-PROC
of	O
S1	O
,	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
of	O
23	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
phylogenetic	O
trees	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
S1	O
,	O
M	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
exhibited	O
considerably	O
different	O
topology	O
and	O
the	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LSC	B-PRGE
/	O
99I	O
-	O
type	O
isolates	O
were	O
the	O
predominant	O
IBVs	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

All	O
patients	O
were	O
middle	O
to	O
old	O
aged	O
(	O
mean	O
age	O
62	O
years	O
)	O
and	O
overweight	B-DISO
(	O
mean	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
31	O
)	O
patients	O
.	O

Time	O
between	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
and	O
onset	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
days	O
)	O
were	O
7	O
-	O
11	O
days	O
.	O

Cross	O
species	B-SPEC
poultry	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
person	O
transmission	O
of	O
this	O
new	O
reassortant	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
H7N9	O
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
result	O
in	O
severe	O
and	O
fatal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
like	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dendritic	B-COMP
cell	B-COMP
-	O
specific	O
delivery	O
of	O
Flt3L	O
by	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
vectors	O
secures	O
induction	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
antitumor	O
immunity	O
.	O

Tracking	O
of	O
in	O
vivo	O
transduced	O
DCs	B-DISO
revealed	O
that	O
vectors	O
encoding	O
for	O
Fms	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
tyrosine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
ligand	B-PROC
(	O
Flt3L	B-PRGE
)	O
exhibited	O
a	O
higher	O
capacity	O
to	O
induce	O
DC	O
maturation	B-PROC
compared	O
to	O
vectors	O
delivering	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
2	I-FUNC
or	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
15	I-FUNC
.	O

Peptides	B-CHED
were	O
selected	O
using	O
a	O
plaque	B-DISO
reduction	O
assay	O
to	O
inhibit	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
synthetic	O
peptide	B-CHED
FP5	O
could	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
valuable	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
FIP	B-DISO
prevention	O
methods	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
synthetic	O
peptide	B-CHED
FP5	O
could	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
valuable	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
FIP	B-DISO
prevention	O
methods	O
.	O

This	O
result	O
indicates	O
that	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
strategy	O
should	O
be	O
improved	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
ambitious	O
WHO	O
coverage	O
goals	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
these	O
inhibitors	O
could	O
be	O
potentially	O
developed	O
into	O
anti	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
drugs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
structural	O
and	O
accessory	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
ORF	I-PRGE
4a	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
ORF	I-PRGE
4b	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
ORF	O
5	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
are	O
potent	O
interferon	B-PRGE
antagonists	B-CHED
.	O

Further	O
examination	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
ORF	B-PRGE
4a	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
the	O
most	O
potential	O
to	O
counteract	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
via	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
both	O
the	O
interferon	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
activity	O
,	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
and	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activation	O
)	O
and	O
ISRE	O
promoter	O
element	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Of	O
all	O
the	O
IFNs	O
tested	O
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
showed	O
the	O
strongst	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
IC₅₀	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
37	O
U	O
ml	O
(-	O
1	O
),	O
41	O
times	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
previously	O
reported	O
IC₅₀	O
(	O
56	O
.	O
08	O
U	O
ml	O
(-	O
1	O
))	O
of	O
IFN	O
-	O
α2b	O
.	O

IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
inhibition	B-PROC
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
yield	O
reduction	O
assay	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
IC90	O
of	O
38	O
.	O
8	O
U	O
ml	O
(-	O
1	O
).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
MPA	B-PRGE
showed	O
strong	O
inhibition	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
an	O
IC₅₀	O
of	O
2	O
.	O
87	O
µM	O
.	O
This	O
drug	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
previously	O
tested	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
may	O
provide	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
,	O
MPA	B-PRGE
or	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
may	O
be	O
beneficial	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
or	O
as	O
a	O
post	O
-	O
exposure	O
intervention	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
patients	O
with	O
known	O
exposures	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neutrophils	B-ANAT
are	O
needed	O
for	O
an	O
effective	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
rat	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
also	O
contribute	O
to	O
pathology	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
evaluated	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
PMN	B-PROC
during	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
fatal	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

Combined	O
with	O
in	O
vitro	O
experiments	O
showing	O
that	O
PMN	B-PROC
express	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
RCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
these	O
findings	O
support	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
PMN	B-PROC
in	O
eliciting	O
an	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
to	O
RCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pathogen	O
-	O
host	O
interaction	O
studies	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

During	O
10	O
-	O
fold	O
cross	O
validation	O
on	O
T1380	O
using	O
hybrid	O
approach	O
,	O
we	O
achieved	O
a	O
maximum	O
Pearson	O
Correlation	O
Coefficient	O
(	O
PCC	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
55	O
between	O
predicted	O
and	O
actual	O
efficacy	O
of	O
viral	O
siRNAs	O
.	O

SVM	O
performed	O
better	O
than	O
other	O
machine	O
learning	B-PROC
techniques	O
used	O
like	O
ANN	O
,	O
KNN	O
and	O
REP	B-FUNC
Tree	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
are	O
a	O
hot	O
research	O
topic	O
because	O
they	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
diseases	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Unfortunately	O
,	O
the	O
genetic	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
is	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
major	O
loci	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
level	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
on	O
GGA1	B-PRGE
and	O
GGA5	O
could	O
explain	O
about	O
12	O
%	O
and	O
13	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
phenotypic	O
variation	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
genome	O
has	O
several	O
important	O
loci	O
affecting	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
increases	O
our	O
knowledge	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
control	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
second	O
case	O
(	O
an	O
85	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
),	O
abnormally	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
pneumoniae	I-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
were	O
detected	O
on	O
admission	O
.	O

Neither	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
displayed	O
other	O
pathogen	O
-	O
specific	O
antigens	B-CHED
or	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Chlamydophila	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
is	O
usually	O
mild	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
interstitial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
reinfected	O
patients	O
and	O
the	O
elderly	O
.	O

New	O
modes	O
of	O
assisted	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
with	O
improved	O
patient	O
ventilator	O
interaction	O
and	O
enhanced	O
variability	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	O
pattern	O
offer	O
additional	O
benefit	O
on	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
damage	O
.	O

PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
-	O
ratio	O
increased	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
first	O
and	O
second	O
PrP	B-CHED
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
)	O
and	O
lasted	O
after	O
PrP	B-CHED
in	O
58	O
%	O
of	O
these	O
turning	O
procedures	O
"("""	O
responders	O
""")"	O
without	O
changes	O
in	O
ECMO	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
,	O
respiratory	O
pressures	O
,	O
minute	O
ventilation	O
,	O
portion	O
of	O
spontaneously	O
triggered	O
breathing	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
compliance	O
.	O

Hemodynamics	B-PROC
did	O
not	O
change	O
with	O
exception	O
of	O
increased	O
mean	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
during	O
PrP	B-CHED
and	O
decrease	O
after	O
PrP	B-CHED
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
while	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
dosage	O
decreased	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
)	O
(	O
MANOVA	O
).	O

68	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
inhomogeneous	O
lung	B-ANAT
injure	O
(	O
severe	O
concomitant	O
trauma	O
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
pancreonecrosis	O
)	O
were	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

Gas	B-PRGE
status	O
data	O
improved	O
both	O
to	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
efficacy	O
in	O
patients	O
of	O
basic	O
group	O
.	O

Thus	O
multilevel	O
ventilation	O
improves	O
alveolar	O
ventilation	O
and	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
decreases	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
shunt	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
improves	O
respiratory	O
lung	B-ANAT
functions	O
.	O

BV	O
-	O
Dual	O
-	O
S1	O
elicited	O
stronger	O
humoral	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
showed	O
greater	O
capacity	O
for	O
induction	O
of	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
responses	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
Ac	O
-	O
CMV	B-SPEC
-	O
S1	O
in	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Between	O
June	O
and	O
September	O
2013	O
,	O
sera	O
from	O
11	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
150	O
goats	B-SPEC
,	O
126	O
sheep	B-SPEC
and	O
91	O
cows	B-SPEC
were	O
collected	O
in	O
Jordan	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
first	O
human	B-SPEC
Middle	O
-	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
cluster	O
appeared	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O

All	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
tested	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
by	O
protein	B-CHED
microarray	O
with	O
confirmation	O
by	O
virus	B-SPEC
neutralisation	O
.	O

Although	O
six	O
sheep	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
reacted	O
with	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
neutralising	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
not	O
detected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
How	O
the	O
double	O
spherules	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
impact	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
replicative	O
organelles	B-COMP
.	O

It	O
is	O
clear	O
from	O
these	O
studies	O
that	O
whatever	O
their	O
purpose	O
,	O
organelle	B-COMP
structure	I-COMP
is	O
dynamic	O
(	O
M	O
.	O
Ulasli	O
,	O
M	O
.	O
H	O
.	O
Verheije	O
,	O
C	O
.	O
A	O
.	O
de	O
Haan	O
,	O
and	O
F	O
.	O
Reggiori	O
,	O
Cell	B-COMP
.	O

Endpoints	O
were	O
duration	O
of	O
MV	O
and	O
LOS	O
in	O
the	O
PICU	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
could	O
be	O
concluded	O
that	O
the	O
enteric	O
BCoV	O
genealogy	O
from	O
newborn	O
and	O
adult	O
cattle	B-SPEC
is	O
directly	O
associated	O
with	O
geographic	O
distribution	O
patterns	O
,	O
when	O
S	O
and	O
HE	O
genes	O
are	O
taken	O
into	O
account	O
.	O

Pressure	B-DISO
ulcers	I-DISO
were	O
assessed	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
randomisation	O
,	O
7	O
days	O
later	O
and	O
on	O
discharge	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
),	O
using	O
the	O
four	O
-	O
stage	O
Pressure	B-DISO
Ulcers	I-DISO
Advisory	O
Panel	O
system	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
:	O
an	O
outbreak	O
investigation	O
.	O

We	O
detected	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
nose	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
three	O
camels	B-SPEC
by	O
three	O
independent	O
RT	O
-	O
PCRs	O
and	O
sequencing	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
for	O
preventing	O
a	O
future	O
pandemic	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
for	O
biodefense	O
preparedness	O
is	O
urgently	O
needed	O
.	O

All	O
constructs	O
were	O
expressed	O
as	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
yeast	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
purified	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
these	O
constructs	O
were	O
compared	O
for	O
their	O
antigenicity	O
,	O
functionality	O
and	O
immunogenicity	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
using	O
alum	O
as	O
the	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
RBD219	O
-	O
N1	O
exhibited	O
high	O
expression	B-PROC
yield	O
,	O
and	O
maintained	O
its	O
antigenicity	O
and	O
functionality	O
.	O

These	O
trials	O
suggested	O
no	O
benefit	O
or	O
even	O
harm	O
with	O
HFOV	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
early	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
characterised	O
by	O
alveolar	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
and	O
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
,	O
in	O
part	O
due	O
to	O
disruption	O
of	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
capillary	B-ANAT
membrane	B-COMP
integrity	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
of	O
studies	O
reporting	O
organ	B-ANAT
-	O
specific	O
outcomes	O
at	O
28	O
days	O
or	O
greater	O
in	O
survivors	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
.	O

Future	O
studies	O
should	O
attempt	O
to	O
characterize	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
at	O
greater	O
than	O
1	O
month	O
after	O
an	O
acute	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
episode	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
true	O
prevalence	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
and	O
treatments	O
for	O
prevention	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
identified	O
1	O
,	O
173	O
articles	O
and	O
five	O
met	B-CHED
our	O
inclusion	O
criteria	O
.	O

For	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
resolution	O
the	O
rates	O
were	O
highly	O
variable	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diagnostic	O
and	O
clinical	O
observation	O
on	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
Q1	O
in	O
Italy	O
.	O

This	O
IBV	B-SPEC
variant	O
was	O
described	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
1998	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Genomic	O
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
two	O
viral	O
proteases	O
,	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PLpro	O
)	O
and	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CLpro	O
),	O
process	O
the	O
polyproteins	O
encoded	O
by	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Influenza	O
is	O
a	O
contagious	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
viruses	B-SPEC
belonging	O
to	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Ortomyxoviridae	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
type	O
A	O
,	O
B	O
and	O
C	O
,	O
the	O
A	O
type	O
virus	B-SPEC
shows	O
the	O
most	O
pathogenic	O
potential	O
.	O

HE	O
proteins	B-CHED
mediate	O
reversible	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
sialic	B-PRGE
acid	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
determinants	I-PRGE
,	O
very	O
abundant	O
glycan	B-CHED
residues	O
in	O
the	O
enteric	O
and	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tracts	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
HE	O
coding	O
sequences	O
from	O
porcine	B-SPEC
torovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
PToV	O
)	O
field	O
strains	O
revealed	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
two	O
distinct	O
HE	O
lineages	O
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
kidney	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
MERS	O
is	O
not	O
understood	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
with	O
hydroxyethyl	O
starch	B-CHED
130	O
/	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
(	O
6	O
%)	O
in	O
severe	O
burn	O
injury	O
:	O
a	O
randomized	O
,	O
controlled	O
,	O
double	O
-	O
blind	O
clinical	O
trial	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
limited	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
early	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
with	O
third	O
-	O
generation	O
hydroxyethyl	O
starch	B-CHED
(	O
HES	B-DISO
130	O
)	O
in	O
burn	O
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
unique	O
avian	B-SPEC
-	O
origin	O
A	O
/	O
H7N9	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
has	O
so	O
far	O
caused	O
134	O
cases	O
with	O
44	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
samples	O
showed	O
up	O
to	O
1	O
,	O
000	O
-	O
fold	O
greater	O
cytokine	O
/	O
chemokine	O
levels	O
relative	O
to	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
performed	O
an	O
up	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
date	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
on	O
this	O
topic	O
and	O
elucidated	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
on	O
overall	O
mortality	O
and	O
associated	O
complications	O
.	O

Ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
overall	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

An	O
in	O
vitro	O
HNE	B-CHED
inhibition	B-PROC
assay	O
was	O
employed	O
to	O
screen	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
triterpenes	B-CHED
.	O

Of	O
these	O
pentacyclic	O
triterpenes	B-CHED
,	O
ursolic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
exhibited	O
the	O
highest	O
inhibitory	O
potency	O
(	O
IC50	O
=	O
5	O
.	O
51	O
µM	O
).	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
newly	O
synthesized	O
2	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
pyridone	I-CHED
compound	O
(	O
FJU	O
-	O
C4	O
)	O
can	O
suppress	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
late	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
such	O
as	O
iNOS	B-PRGE
and	O
COX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
chimeric	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
elicited	O
significantly	O
higher	O
S1	O
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
intramuscularly	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
chickens	B-SPEC
than	O
inactivated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
novel	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
caused	O
an	O
epidemic	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
some	O
patients	O
developed	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
severe	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
despite	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
conventional	O
management	O
.	O

A	O
normal	O
left	B-PROC
ventricular	I-PROC
ejection	I-PROC
fraction	O
was	O
documented	O
on	O
a	O
2D	O
echocardiography	O
on	O
day	O
2	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Catastrophic	O
antiphospholipid	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
thrombotic	B-DISO
microangiopathy	I-DISO
and	O
hemorrhagic	O
complications	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
developed	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
diffuse	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

General	O
linear	O
models	O
and	O
bootstrapped	O
Spearman	O
correlations	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
examine	O
changes	O
in	O
metabolic	B-PROC
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
training	O
primary	O
and	O
secondary	O
outcome	O
variables	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
observed	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
metabolic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
scores	O
(	O
P	O
for	O
trend	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
)	O
for	O
AER	B-COMP
(-	O
0	O
.	O
59	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
to	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
21	O
)	O
and	O
AER	B-COMP
+	O
RES	O
(-	O
0	O
.	O
79	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
40	O
to	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
35	O
),	O
both	O
being	O
significant	O
(	O
P	O
≤	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
)	O
versus	O
control	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
26	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
58	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
40	O
)	O
and	O
RES	O
(-	O
0	O
.	O
13	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
24	O
).	O

This	O
paper	O
examined	O
the	O
current	O
status	O
of	O
and	O
developments	O
in	O
China	O
'	O
s	O
response	O
to	O
emerging	B-DISO
communicable	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
from	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
2003	O
to	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
H7N9	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
2013	O
.	O

This	O
mechanism	O
for	O
responding	O
to	O
emerging	B-DISO
communicable	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
allowed	O
China	O
to	O
successfully	O
deal	O
with	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
the	O
H5N1	O
bird	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
,	O
H1N1	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
H7N9	B-PRGE
bird	I-PRGE
flu	I-PRGE
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
79	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
prevalence	O
)	O
specimens	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
human	B-PRGE
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU1	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
whether	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
certain	O
cytokines	O
,	O
measured	O
immediately	O
after	O
initial	O
injury	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
potential	O
biomarkers	O
for	O
predicting	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
systemic	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
trauma	O
.	O

Thirty	O
cc	O
of	O
heparinized	O
blood	B-ANAT
were	O
drawn	O
from	O
each	O
individual	O
within	O
a	O
few	O
hours	O
after	O
the	O
injury	O
.	O

High	O
levels	O
of	O
pro	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
,-	O
6	O
,-	O
8	O
,-	O
12	O
,	O
tumour	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
were	O
found	O
in	O
all	O
injured	O
patients	O
compared	O
to	O
healthy	O
controls	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anaphylactic	B-DISO
Shock	I-DISO
:	O

All	O
patients	O
were	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
adjunctive	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
and	O
were	O
on	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
initiation	O
of	O
therapy	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
patients	O
were	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
adjunctive	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
and	O
were	O
on	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
initiation	O
of	O
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Probabilistic	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
using	O
the	O
time	O
from	O
immigration	O
to	O
illness	O
onset	O
among	O
imported	O
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
efficacy	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NPPV	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
following	O
esophagectomy	O
for	O
esophageal	B-DISO
cancer	I-DISO
.	O

IL	O
-	O
1β	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
21	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
PTX3	B-PRGE
concentrations	O
were	O
similar	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
only	O
significant	O
correlation	O
between	O
clinical	O
periodontal	O
parameters	O
and	O
salivary	O
cytokines	O
was	O
found	O
between	O
clinical	O
attachment	O
level	O
(	O
CAL	O
)	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
21	I-FUNC
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Whereas	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
)	O
commonly	O
circulates	O
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
causing	O
generally	O
milder	O
illness	O
.	O

A	O
central	O
region	O
(	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
201	O
-	O
400	O
)	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
was	O
required	O
for	O
this	O
activity	O
.	O

Prevalence	O
of	O
Co	O
,	O
Gi	O
and	O
Tr	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
pedigree	O
cats	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
pedigree	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
DSH	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
prevalence	O
decreased	O
with	O
increasing	O
age	O
for	O
Co	O
,	O
Pa	O
,	O
Gi	O
,	O
Cr	O
and	O
Tr	O
.	O

The	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
performed	O
12hours	O
later	O
showed	O
complete	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
.	O

Ventilation	O
in	O
prone	O
position	O
rescued	O
this	O
patient	O
by	O
maintaining	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
sustaining	O
improvement	O
thereafter	O
.	O

Although	O
all	O
the	O
extract	O
treatments	O
had	O
an	O
effect	O
on	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
8	I-PROC
secretion	B-ANAT
,	O
TRP	B-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
load	O
after	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
Ah	O
extract	O
treatment	O
that	O
showed	O
the	O
biggest	O
difference	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
load	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
NPCs	O
support	O
replication	O
following	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
neurotropic	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
JHMV	O
).	O

Importantly	O
,	O
cytokines	O
secreted	B-PROC
by	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
inhibit	O
JHMV	O
replication	O
in	O
NPCs	O
,	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
specifically	O
target	O
viral	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
pulsed	O
NPCs	O
for	O
lysis	B-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
treatment	O
with	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
inhibits	O
JHMV	O
replication	O
in	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
N	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
at	O
multiple	O
sites	O
with	O
a	O
coupled	O
-	O
allostery	O
manner	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
pathogens	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
BRD	O
)	O
complex	O
.	O

When	O
serology	O
indicated	O
that	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
/	O
or	O
bovine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
were	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
positive	O
animals	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
herd	O
was	O
always	O
higher	O
,	O
supporting	O
the	O
view	O
of	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
as	O
the	O
main	O
pathogen	O
.	O

The	O
sequence	O
variations	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
strains	O
were	O
in	O
an	O
antigenic	O
important	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
G	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	O
livestock	O
in	O
the	O
developing	O
world	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Choice	O
of	O
optimal	O
time	O
and	O
type	O
of	O
orthopedic	O
surgery	O
in	O
multiple	O
injured	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
depending	O
on	O
age	O
:	O
retrospective	O
study	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
MOFS	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
neither	O
age	O
nor	O
severity	O
of	O
injury	O
to	O
the	O
anatomical	O
segments	O
is	O
a	O
reliable	O
criterion	O
for	O
assessing	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

Feces	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
),	O
Clostridium	B-SPEC
perfringens	I-SPEC
alpha	I-PRGE
toxin	I-PRGE
(	O
CPA	O
),	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
Giardia	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
.,	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
Salmonella	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

Cells	B-COMP
and	O
supernatants	O
were	O
harvested	O
separately	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
titers	O
were	O
quantified	O
by	O
plaque	B-DISO
assay	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Complicated	O
form	O
of	O
A	O
/	O
HINI	O
(	O
2009	O
)	O
influenza	B-DISO
in	O
pregnant	O
women	O
].	O

Control	O
groups	O
were	O
comprised	O
of	O
100	O
pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
uncomplicated	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
100	O
ones	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
fall	O
ill	B-DISO
during	O
flu	B-DISO
pandemic	O
.	O

Most	O
women	O
developed	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
3d	O
trimester	O
Risk	O
factors	O
offlu	O
complications	O
included	O
smoking	O
,	O
obesity	B-DISO
,	O
underlying	O
respiratory	O
and	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
diseases	O
,	O
sexually	B-DISO
transmitted	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Peritoneal	B-ANAT
ventilation	O
has	O
long	O
been	O
desired	O
for	O
extrapulmonary	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
owing	O
to	O
easy	O
access	O
of	O
the	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
for	O
catheterization	O
and	O
the	O
relative	O
safety	O
compared	O
to	O
an	O
extracorporeal	O
circuit	O
.	O

Peritoneal	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
OMBs	O
was	O
therefore	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
method	O
requires	O
less	O
equipment	O
and	O
technical	O
expertise	O
than	O
initiating	O
and	O
maintaining	O
an	O
extracorporeal	O
circuit	O
.	O

The	O
environmental	O
origin	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
as	O
yet	O
unknown	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
its	O
genome	O
sequence	O
is	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
two	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
,	O
named	O
BtCoV	O
-	O
HKU4	O
and	O
BtCoV	O
-	O
HKU5	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
derived	O
from	O
Chinese	O
bat	B-ENZY
samples	O
.	O

A	O
hallmark	O
of	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
evade	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
inhibit	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
induction	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
ORF4b	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
encoded	I-PRGE
accessory	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
p4b	O
)	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
BtCoV	O
-	O
HKU4	O
and	O
BtCoV	O
-	O
HKU5	O
may	O
indeed	O
facilitate	O
innate	O
immune	B-PROC
evasion	I-PROC
by	O
inhibiting	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
and	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signalling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
reason	O
for	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
admissions	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
hematologic	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
(	O
HMs	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Successful	O
treatment	O
of	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
with	O
an	O
intraaortic	O
balloon	O
pump	O
following	O
aluminium	B-CHED
phosphide	I-CHED
poisoning	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
intra	O
-	O
aortic	B-ANAT
balloon	O
pump	O
(	O
IABP	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
24	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
brought	O
to	O
our	O
hospital	O
after	O
an	O
intentional	O
ingestion	O
of	O
a	O
tablet	O
of	O
AlP	B-CHED
(	O
3	O
g	O
),	O
which	O
caused	O
refractory	O
AlP	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

IABP	O
was	O
successfully	O
used	O
and	O
may	O
improve	O
future	O
prognoses	O
for	O
severely	O
poisoned	O
AlP	O
patients	O
with	O
refractory	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

Multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
underlying	O
disease	O
scores	O
[	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)=	O
1	O
.	O
874	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
)	O
1	O
.	O
138	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
084	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
014	O
],	O
whether	O
patients	O
occurrence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
/	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
167	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
064	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
435	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
)	O
and	O
SOFA	O
scores	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
498	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
283	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
750	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
)	O
were	O
independent	O
factors	O
for	O
predicting	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
.	O

AUC	O
for	O
PCT	B-DISO
was	O
0	O
.	O
636	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
548	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
724	O
),	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
detected	O
ferret	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
44	O
(	O
55	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
of	O
79	O
pet	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
tested	O
in	O
Japan	O
and	O
classified	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
into	O
2	O
genotypes	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
genotype	O
-	O
specific	O
PCR	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
in	O
cl	O
-	O
2	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
10	O
-	O
20	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
the	O
hippocampus	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
was	O
primarily	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
CA1	B-ANAT
subregion	O
.	O

The	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
lipid	B-CHED
charges	O
configure	O
a	O
polarized	O
interface	O
that	O
yields	O
local	O
ionic	O
concentrations	O
and	O
electric	O
potentials	O
that	O
are	O
very	O
different	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
bulk	O
electrolyte	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
diseases	O
represents	O
a	O
potential	O
threat	O
for	O
worldwide	O
spread	O
and	O
requires	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
revealed	O
a	O
novel	O
positive	O
function	O
of	O
an	O
exchange	O
protein	B-CHED
directly	O
activated	O
by	O
cyclic	B-PRGE
AMP	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
cAMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
;	O
Epac	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
on	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Replicative	O
capacity	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
assessed	O
in	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
derived	O
from	O
livestock	O
and	O
peridomestic	O
small	O
mammals	B-SPEC
on	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

Prevention	O
against	O
type	O
II	O
FIPV	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
strain	O
-	O
induced	O
FIP	B-DISO
was	O
slightly	O
better	O
in	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
cats	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
NP7	O
and	O
NP8	O
with	O
fCpG	O
-	O
ODNs	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
immune	B-DISO
tolerance	I-DISO
was	O
suggested	O
to	O
be	O
induced	O
by	O
the	O
high	O
dose	O
and	O
frequency	O
of	O
NP7	O
and	O
NP8	O
with	O
fCpG	O
-	O
ODNs	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
immune	B-DISO
tolerance	I-DISO
was	O
suggested	O
to	O
be	O
induced	O
by	O
the	O
high	O
dose	O
and	O
frequency	O
of	O
NP7	O
and	O
NP8	O
with	O
fCpG	O
-	O
ODNs	O
.	O

The	O
National	O
Trauma	O
Data	O
Bank	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
a	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
injury	O
patterns	O
,	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
associated	O
with	O
flail	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
injuries	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
a	O
flail	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
injury	O
admitted	O
from	O
2007	O
to	O
2009	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
analysis	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Flail	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
injury	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
3	O
,	O
467	O
patients	O
;	O
the	O
mean	O
age	O
was	O
52	O
.	O
5	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
77	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
male	O
.	O

Kaempferol	B-CHED
derivatives	O
with	O
rhamnose	B-CHED
residue	O
also	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
quite	O
effective	O
.	O

Early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
surgical	O
intervention	O
of	O
the	O
compartment	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
can	O
lead	O
to	O
full	O
recovery	O
while	O
any	O
delay	O
in	O
management	O
can	O
be	O
devastating	O
and	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
permanent	O
disability	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
injuries	O
may	O
portend	O
a	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
and	O
can	O
also	O
lead	O
to	O
long	O
term	O
disability	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
recombinase	O
polymerase	O
amplification	B-DISO
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
rapid	O
point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
care	O
test	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
allow	O
more	O
widespread	O
mobile	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
directly	O
from	O
patient	O
material	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
G	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
-	O
producing	O
lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
with	O
marked	O
leukocytosis	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
rapidly	O
led	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
after	O
the	O
patient	O
developed	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
data	O
from	O
5065	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
individuals	O
who	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
over	O
a	O
12	O
-	O
month	O
period	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
common	O
and	O
cats	O
can	O
be	O
presented	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
.	O

International	O
consensus	O
defines	O
AMS	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
constellation	O
of	O
subjective	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
symptoms	O
.	O

Hence	O
,	O
these	O
symptoms	O
may	O
not	O
belong	O
together	O
as	O
a	O
single	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Sleep	B-DISO
disturbance	I-DISO
correlates	O
poorly	O
with	O
other	O
symptoms	O
of	O
AMS	B-DISO
(	O
Mean	O
Spearman	O
correlation	O
0	O
.	O
25	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
,	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
,	O
and	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
structurally	O
novel	O
phenanthroindo	O
/	O
quinolizidine	O
analogues	O
.	O

Her	O
colloid	B-ANAT
osmotic	O
pressure	O
was	O
4	O
.	O
6mmHg	O
.	O

Following	O
a	O
bolus	O
dose	O
of	O
prednisolone	B-CHED
(	O
500mg	O
),	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
was	O
initiated	O
.	O

During	O
volume	O
loading	O
,	O
anasarca	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
rapidly	O
developed	O
.	O

A	O
laboratory	O
analysis	O
of	O
her	O
complement	O
system	O
suggested	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
C1	B-DISO
inhibitor	I-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
as	O
the	O
cause	O
for	O
systemic	B-ANAT
capillary	I-ANAT
leakage	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Validation	O
of	O
respiratory	O
inductive	O
plethysmography	O
(	O
LifeShirt	O
)	O
in	O
obesity	B-DISO
hypoventilation	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Among	O
13	O
OHS	B-DISO
participants	O
(	O
162	O
paired	O
measures	O
),	O
RIPLS	O
-	O
spirometer	O
agreement	O
was	O
unacceptable	O
for	O
VT	O
:	O
mean	O
difference	O
(	O
MD	O
)	O
3	O
mL	O
(	O
1	O
%);	O
limits	O
of	O
agreement	O
(	O
LOA	B-SPEC
)	O
-	O
216	O
to	O
220	O
mL	O
(±	O
36	O
%);	O
V	O
˙	O
E	O
MD	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
L	O
min	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
(	O
2	O
%);	O
LOA	B-SPEC
-	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
L	O
min	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
(±	O
36	O
%);	O
and	O
fB	O
:	O
MD	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
br	O
min	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
(	O
2	O
%);	O
LOA	B-SPEC
-	O
4	O
.	O
6	O
to	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
br	O
min	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
(±	O
27	O
%).	O

Reanalysis	O
of	O
all	O
available	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
5327	O
probable	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
of	O
whom	O
343	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
interventions	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
strong	O
political	O
commitment	O
and	O
a	O
centrally	O
coordinated	O
response	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
factor	O
to	O
control	O
SARS	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
most	O
stringent	O
control	O
measures	O
were	O
all	O
initiated	O
when	O
the	O
epidemic	O
was	O
already	O
dying	B-PROC
down	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
based	O
discovery	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
fusion	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
.	O

Here	O
we	O
characterize	O
the	O
six	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
fusion	O
core	O
structure	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
by	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystallography	O
and	O
biophysical	O
analysis	O
.	O

Pathological	O
specimens	O
(	O
11	O
/	O
17	O
)	O
showed	O
a	O
bronchiolocentric	O
,	O
temporally	O
homogenous	O
,	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
pattern	O
with	O
sparing	O
of	O
the	O
subpleural	O
and	O
peripheral	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
areas	O
.	O

Data	O
on	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
are	O
limited	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
causes	O
severe	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
considerable	O
extrapulmonary	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
health	O
care	O
-	O
associated	O
cluster	O
suggests	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
does	O
occur	O
with	O
unprotected	O
exposure	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
occurrence	O
of	O
stillbirth	B-DISO
during	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
may	O
have	O
bearing	O
upon	O
the	O
surveillance	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
pregnant	O
women	O
in	O
settings	O
of	O
unexplained	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
potentially	O
due	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Future	O
prospective	O
investigations	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
should	O
ascertain	O
pregnancy	O
status	O
and	O
obtain	O
further	O
pregnancy	O
-	O
related	O
data	O
,	O
including	O
biological	O
specimens	O
for	O
confirmatory	O
testing	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
new	O
threats	O
such	O
as	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
present	O
continued	O
challenges	O
,	O
reinforcing	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
global	O
capacity	O
to	O
prevent	O
,	O
detect	O
,	O
and	O
respond	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
threats	O
.	O

During	O
March	O
-	O
September	O
2013	O
,	O
CDC	O
and	O
the	O
Vietnamese	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
(	O
MoH	O
)	O
collaborated	O
on	O
a	O
GHS	O
demonstration	O
project	O
to	O
improve	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
detection	O
and	O
response	O
capacity	O
.	O

Lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
included	O
awareness	O
that	O
integrated	O
functions	O
within	O
the	O
health	O
system	O
for	O
GHS	O
require	O
careful	O
planning	O
,	O
stakeholder	O
buy	O
-	O
in	O
,	O
and	O
intradepartmental	O
and	O
interdepartmental	O
coordination	B-PROC
and	O
communication	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
sudden	O
emergence	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
2002	O
and	O
,	O
more	O
recently	O
,	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
underscores	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
understanding	O
critical	O
aspects	O
of	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
either	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
or	O
IFIT1	B-PRGE
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
responsive	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
that	O
recognize	O
unmethylated	O
2	O
'-	O
O	O
RNA	O
,	O
resulted	O
in	O
restored	O
replication	O
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
dNSP16	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Preventing	O
recognition	O
by	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
represents	O
a	O
critical	O
aspect	O
necessary	O
for	O
successful	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Several	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
utilize	O
virally	O
encoded	O
2	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
MTases	O
to	O
camouflage	O
and	O
obscure	O
their	O
viral	O
RNA	O
from	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
sensing	O
machinery	O
,	O
thus	O
preventing	O
recognition	O
and	O
activation	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
intrinsic	O
defense	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Few	O
studies	O
have	O
prospectively	O
assessed	O
viral	O
etiologies	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
community	O
-	O
based	O
elderly	O
individuals	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Persistent	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
arterial	B-ANAT
hypertension	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
newborn	O
(	O
PPHN	O
):	O
a	O
frequent	O
manifestation	O
of	O
TMEM70	O
defective	O
patients	O
.	O

Six	O
were	O
homozygous	O
for	O
the	O
c	O
.	O
317	O
-	O
2A	O
>	O
G	O
mutation	O
,	O
2	O
were	O
compound	O
heterozygous	O
for	B-PRGE
mutations	I-PRGE
c	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
317	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2A	I-PRGE
>	O
G	O
and	O
c	O
.	O
628A	O
>	O
C	O
and	O
1	O
was	O
homozygous	O
for	O
the	O
novel	O
c	O
.	O
701A	O
>	O
C	O
mutation	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
has	O
rarely	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
mitochondrial	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
and	O
,	O
so	O
far	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
TMEM70	B-PRGE
deficiency	O
only	O
in	O
one	O
patient	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
biological	O
evaluation	O
of	O
2	O
-	O
oxonicotinonitriles	O
and	O
2	O
-	O
oxonicotinonitrile	O
based	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
analogues	I-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Drug	B-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
and	O
emergence	O
of	O
new	O
pathogens	O
highlight	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
developing	O
new	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
.	O

The	O
findings	O
obtained	O
with	O
flavivirus	B-SPEC
should	O
be	O
applicable	O
to	O
other	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
intravenous	O
infusion	O
of	O
PFC	O
emulsion	O
on	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)	O
induced	O
ALI	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
and	O
elucidate	O
its	O
mechanism	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
action	I-PROC
.	O

Forty	O
two	O
Wistar	B-SPEC
rats	I-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
:	O
6	O
rats	B-SPEC
were	O
treated	O
with	O
saline	O
solution	O
by	O
intratracheal	O
instillation	O
(	O
control	O
group	O
),	O
18	O
rats	B-SPEC
were	O
treated	O
with	O
LPS	B-DISO
by	O
intratracheal	O
instillation	O
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
group	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
18	O
rats	B-SPEC
received	O
PFC	O
through	O
femoral	O
vein	O
prior	O
to	O
LPS	B-DISO
instillation	O
(	O
LPS	O
+	O
PFC	O
group	O
).	O

The	O
rats	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
were	O
sacrificed	O
6	O
hours	O
later	O
after	O
saline	O
instillation	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
intravenous	O
infusion	O
of	O
PFC	O
inhibits	O
the	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
PMNs	O
into	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
as	O
the	O
core	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
Manifestations	O
,	O
Treatment	O
,	O
and	O
Outcome	O
of	O
Hospitalized	O
Patients	O
with	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
Malaria	B-PATH
in	O
Two	O
Indian	O
States	O
:	O
A	O
Retrospective	O
Study	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
there	O
is	O
limited	O
evidence	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
prolonged	O
pain	O
in	O
infants	O
.	O

Results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
nursing	B-PROC
documentation	O
related	O
to	O
pain	O
assessment	O
is	O
not	O
systematic	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
highlighted	O
the	O
difficulty	O
in	O
managing	O
pain	O
in	O
neonates	O
who	O
are	O
exposed	O
to	O
numerous	O
painful	B-DISO
procedures	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mesenchymal	O
stem	B-ANAT
/	O
stromal	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
)	O
offer	O
considerable	O
promise	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
strategy	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

MSCs	B-FUNC
have	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
decrease	O
injury	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
restore	O
function	O
in	O
other	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
including	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
and	O
heart	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
ultimate	O
success	O
of	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
as	O
a	O
therapy	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
will	O
likely	O
be	O
dependent	O
on	O
a	O
greater	O
knowledge	O
of	O
their	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
action	O
and	O
the	O
determination	O
of	O
the	O
optimal	O
strategies	O
for	O
their	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
clinical	O
setting	O
.	O

Between	O
March	O
and	O
July	O
2003	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
539	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
five	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
steroid	B-CHED
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
We	O
found	O
that	O
some	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
KD	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
two	O
polyomaviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
four	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
HIV	O
-	O
infected	O
and	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
uninfected	O
South	O
African	O
children	O
.	O

Combined	O
with	O
previously	O
-	O
tested	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
in	O
60	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
and	O
78	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
uninfected	O
children	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
265	O
patients	O
included	O
,	O
150	O
(	O
56	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
reported	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptom	I-DISO
of	O
which	O
13	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
had	O
positive	O
swabs	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
115	O
patients	O
reported	O
any	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptom	I-DISO
of	O
which	O
10	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
had	O
positive	O
swabs	O
for	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
viruses	B-SPEC
depend	O
on	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
for	O
entry	O
into	O
their	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
small	O
molecule	O
can	O
be	O
further	O
optimized	O
and	O
developed	O
into	O
a	O
potent	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
.	O

Besides	O
these	O
structural	O
roles	O
,	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
associates	O
with	O
a	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
complex	O
,	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
3	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
critical	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Mapping	O
of	O
revertants	O
of	O
the	O
resulting	O
chimeric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
provided	O
evidence	O
for	O
extensive	O
intramolecular	O
interactions	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domains	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
more	O
clearly	O
delineate	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
establish	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
further	O
exploration	O
of	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
packaging	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
papain	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
has	O
deISGylating	O
and	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
activities	O
.	O

This	O
initial	O
down	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
followed	O
by	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
appears	O
to	O
be	O
inadequate	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genome	O
accumulation	O
and	O
consequent	O
histopathological	O
changes	O
in	O
these	O
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
for	O
adults	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	B-PATH
)	O
vs	O
non	O
-	O
H1N1	B-PATH
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
analysis	O
of	O
clinical	O
course	O
.	O

Clinical	O
course	O
of	O
H1N1	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
substantially	O
different	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
H1N1	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Only	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
Related	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
score	O
could	O
be	O
identified	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
support	O
.	O

HCPS	O
starts	O
as	O
a	O
dengue	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
acute	O
febrile	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
but	O
after	O
about	O
3	O
days	O
progresses	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
high	O
fatality	O
rate	O
that	O
reaches	O
50	O
%	O
for	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
ARQV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
bcoV	O
)	O
in	O
vero	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
and	O
its	O
confirmation	O
by	O
direct	O
FAT	B-PRGE
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Studies	O
regarding	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
and	O
molecular	O
detection	O
from	O
India	O
are	O
very	O
few	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
BCoV	O
got	O
adapted	O
to	O
the	O
vero	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
upto	O
three	O
passages	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
confirmed	O
both	O
at	O
genomic	O
and	O
antigenic	O
levels	O
by	O
dFAT	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
testing	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
2002	O
/	O
2003	O
and	O
the	O
recent	O
disease	O
cases	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
originally	O
designated	O
EMC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
recently	O
renamed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
have	O
put	O
the	O
focus	O
onto	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
.	O

Bats	B-SPEC
are	O
considered	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
natural	O
reservoir	O
for	O
coronaviruses	O
infecting	O
mammals	B-SPEC
.	O

Structural	O
and	O
enzymatic	O
studies	O
revealed	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
PLpro	I-PRGE
can	O
act	O
as	O
both	O
a	O
protease	O
to	O
cleave	O
peptide	B-CHED
bonds	O
and	O
also	O
as	O
a	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
(	O
DUB	O
)	O
enzyme	O
to	O
cleave	O
the	O
isopeptide	O
bonds	O
found	O
in	O
polyubiquitin	B-PRGE
chains	I-PRGE
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
mutations	O
that	O
alter	O
DUB	B-PRGE
activity	O
but	O
not	O
viral	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
activity	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
and	O
arteriviruses	B-SPEC
expressing	O
DUB	B-PRGE
mutants	I-PRGE
stimulated	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
acute	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
studies	O
describing	O
the	O
PLPs	O
'	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
and	O
their	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
postoperative	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
is	O
related	O
to	O
various	O
perioperative	O
factors	O
.	O

The	O
application	O
of	O
protective	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
,	O
with	O
low	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
reduce	O
lung	O
injury	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
or	O
healthy	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
recombinant	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
for	O
serological	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
by	O
three	O
immunochromatographic	O
tests	O
.	O

Recombinant	B-PRGE
FCoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
rNP	B-COMP
)	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
conjugate	O
or	O
test	O
line	O
in	O
all	O
3	O
ICA	B-CHED
kits	O
(	O
CJIgG	O
/	O
TNP	B-PRGE
,	O
CJNP	O
/	O
TNP	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
CJNP	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
TPA	I-PRGE
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Monocytes	B-ANAT
infected	O
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
express	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
their	O
plasma	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
site	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
directed	I-PROC
mutagenesis	I-PROC
and	O
thermal	O
stability	O
experiments	O
on	O
electrostatic	O
,	O
hydrophobic	O
,	O
and	O
polar	O
residues	O
to	O
dissect	O
their	O
roles	O
in	O
stabilizing	O
the	O
S2	O
postfusion	O
conformation	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Anti	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
research	O
of	O
triterpenoids	B-CHED
in	O
licorice	B-SPEC
].	O

It	O
is	O
a	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
herbal	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
review	O
provided	O
a	O
summary	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
anti	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
research	O
progress	O
on	O
several	O
triterpenoids	B-CHED
in	O
licorice	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
glycyrrhizic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
glycyrrhizin	B-CHED
,	O
glycyrrhetinic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
its	O
derivatives	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
characterized	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
4a	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
novel	O
immunosuppressive	O
factor	O
that	O
antagonizes	O
type	B-PROC
I	I-PROC
interferon	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

RNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
4a	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
required	O
for	O
IFN	B-PRGE
antagonism	O
,	O
a	O
property	O
shared	O
by	O
4a	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	I-SPEC
HKU5	I-SPEC
but	O
not	O
by	O
the	O
counterpart	O
in	O
bat	O
coronavirus	O
HKU4	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
silver	B-CHED
nanomaterials	O
on	O
transmissible	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
infections	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
primarily	O
cause	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
upper	O
respiratory	O
and	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
of	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
also	O
identified	O
peptides	B-CHED
that	O
strongly	O
induce	O
Th1	B-PRGE
activity	O
from	O
those	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
and	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
FIPV	O
based	O
on	O
this	O
and	O
previous	O
studies	O
(	O
Satoh	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
[	O
19	O
]).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
IgG	B-PRGE
Fc	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
in	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
treated	O
with	O
immunoglobulins	O
.	O

The	O
working	O
mechanism	O
of	O
IVIg	O
in	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
has	O
not	O
been	O
elucidated	O
,	O
but	O
previous	O
studies	O
indicate	O
that	O
some	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
effects	O
may	O
be	O
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
Fc	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
portion	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
.	O
GBS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
model	O
disease	O
to	O
investigate	O
these	O
effects	O
because	O
GBS	B-DISO
is	O
an	O
acute	O
and	O
monophasic	O
disorder	O
usually	O
affecting	O
healthy	O
persons	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
treated	O
with	O
a	O
standard	O
course	O
of	O
IVIg	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
clinical	O
response	O
is	O
highly	O
variable	O
.	O

Treatment	O
-	O
naive	O
GBS	B-DISO
patients	O
compared	O
with	O
age	O
-	O
and	O
sex	O
-	O
matched	O
controls	O
had	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
galactosylation	O
of	O
IgG1	B-COMP
and	O
IgG2	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
observation	O
of	O
phylogenetically	O
related	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
geographically	O
diverse	O
locations	O
must	O
be	O
taken	O
into	O
account	O
in	O
efforts	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
source	O
and	O
transmission	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

BAL	B-ENZY
supernatants	O
and	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
used	O
to	O
assess	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
secretion	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
rapidly	O
after	O
3	O
weeks	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
,	O
the	O
second	O
patient	O
still	O
recovers	O
from	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
wartime	O
military	O
burns	O
:	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
Berlin	O
criteria	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
prevalence	O
and	O
related	O
outcomes	O
in	O
burned	O
military	O
casualties	O
from	O
Iraq	O
and	O
Afghanistan	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
described	O
previously	O
.	O

Size	O
of	O
burn	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
by	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
but	O
was	O
not	O
an	O
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
by	O
multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
(	O
p	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
cohort	O
of	O
military	O
casualties	O
with	O
thermal	O
injuries	O
,	O
nearly	O
a	O
third	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
;	O
of	O
those	O
,	O
nearly	O
one	O
third	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
nearly	O
one	O
third	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
did	O
not	O
survive	O
.	O

Moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
increased	O
the	O
odds	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
by	O
more	O
than	O
fourfold	O
and	O
ninefold	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Prevalence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
cohort	O
was	O
32	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
with	O
a	O
crude	O
overall	O
mortality	O
of	O
16	O
.	O
5	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
carry	O
highly	O
specialized	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
that	O
catalyze	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
under	O
strict	O
spatial	O
and	O
temporal	O
control	O
.	O

We	O
constructed	O
chimeric	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
that	O
have	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domains	O
of	O
indigenous	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
assessed	O
the	O
activities	O
of	O
these	O
receptors	O
in	O
supporting	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
binding	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
susceptibility	O
correlated	O
with	O
affinities	O
of	O
the	O
receptors	O
for	O
viral	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
From	O
September	O
2012	O
to	O
July	O
2013	O
,	O
81	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
including	O
45	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
a	O
case	O
fatality	O
ratio	O
of	O
55	O
%)	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
from	O
eight	O
countries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
suis	I-SPEC
antigens	B-CHED
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
multiplex	O
microbead	O
immunoassay	O
.	O

Selected	O
antigens	B-CHED
were	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
MIA	O
.	O

Assay	O
specificity	O
was	O
tested	O
using	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
pigs	B-SPEC
seropositive	O
for	O
other	O
pathogens	O
(	O
2	O
different	O
pigs	B-SPEC
seropositive	O
for	O
each	O
pathogen	O
).	O

Samples	O
from	O
51	O
field	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
2	O
pigs	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
acute	O
(	O
pig	B-SPEC
1	O
)	O
and	O
chronic	O
(	O
pig	B-SPEC
2	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
tested	O
using	O
MIA	O
,	O
indirect	O
hemagglutination	O
assay	O
(	O
IHA	O
),	O
and	O
quantitative	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
qPCR	O
).	O

Fecal	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
seems	O
so	O
far	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
effective	O
treatment	O
of	O
recurrent	O
C	O
.	O
dificile	O
.	O

25	O
-	O
OHD	O
levels	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
between	O
cases	O
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
controls	O
in	O
either	O
the	O
sepsis	B-DISO
or	O
trauma	O
cohorts	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
conditional	O
logistic	O
regression	O
model	O
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
patients	O
during	O
the	O
winter	O
season	O
with	O
higher	O
25	O
-	O
OHD	B-DISO
levels	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
develop	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
1	O
.	O
68	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
05	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
69	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

Serum	B-COMP
25	O
-	O
OHD	B-DISO
measured	O
early	O
after	O
admission	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
is	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
hospital	O
or	O
one	O
-	O
year	O
mortality	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
although	O
lower	O
25	O
-	O
OHD	B-DISO
levels	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
one	O
-	O
year	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
trauma	O
.	O

Higher	O
one	O
-	O
year	O
mortality	O
after	O
trauma	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
lower	O
25	O
-	O
OHD	B-DISO
levels	O
(	O
HR	O
0	O
.	O
50	O
,	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
35	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
72	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

immunization	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

Symptoms	O
usually	O
resolve	O
spontaneously	O
during	O
the	O
following	O
weeks	O
,	O
but	O
frequent	O
relapse	B-DISO
can	O
occur	O
and	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
swelling	B-DISO
may	O
lead	O
to	O
compartment	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
discovery	O
of	O
asunaprevir	O
(	O
BMS	O
-	O
650032	O
),	O
an	O
orally	B-ANAT
efficacious	O
NS3	B-PRGE
protease	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
hepatitis	O
C	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
compare	O
viral	O
qPCR	O
findings	O
from	O
children	O
with	O
ARI	B-CHED
versus	O
asymptomatic	O
control	O
subjects	O
.	O

Bocavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
ARI	B-CHED
even	O
after	O
adjustment	O
for	O
coinfections	B-DISO
with	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Assessing	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
studies	O
supporting	O
genetic	O
susceptibility	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
genes	O
that	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
patient	O
susceptibility	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Methodological	O
flaws	O
are	O
still	O
abundant	O
among	O
genetic	O
association	O
studies	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
here	O
,	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
highlight	O
the	O
quality	O
criteria	O
where	O
the	O
standards	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
reached	O
,	O
to	O
expose	O
the	O
associated	O
genes	O
to	O
facilitate	O
replication	O
attempts	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
quick	O
-	O
reference	O
guidance	O
for	O
future	O
studies	O
.	O

Studies	O
were	O
considered	O
if	O
a	O
statistically	O
significant	O
association	O
was	O
declared	O
with	O
either	O
susceptibility	O
or	O
outcomes	O
of	O
all	O
-	O
cause	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

and	O
Eimeria	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

The	O
mean	O
age	O
was	O
46	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
and	O
the	O
odds	O
of	O
being	O
infected	O
with	O
Giardia	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

and	O
Eimeria	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O
could	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
646	O
/	O
1564	O
samples	O
(	O
41	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
and	O
208	O
/	O
1564	O
samples	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
respectively	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
age	O
of	O
11	O
.	O
3	O
and	O
55	O
.	O
0	O
days	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
less	O
lipophilic	O
bis	B-FUNC
(	O
amide	B-CHED
)	O
3e	O
and	O
methoxypyridine	O
5c	O
exhibit	O
significantly	O
improved	O
metabolic	B-PROC
stability	O
and	O
are	O
viable	O
candidates	O
for	O
advancing	O
to	O
in	O
vivo	O
studies	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
key	O
events	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
are	O
systemic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
FIPV	O
,	O
effective	O
and	O
sustainable	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
activation	O
of	O
infected	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

IMPORTANCE	O
This	O
study	O
was	O
undertaken	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
historical	O
and	O
current	O
prevalence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
livestock	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
and	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

Twelve	O
(	O
63	O
.	O
15	O
%)	O
patients	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
weaned	B-PROC
off	O
and	O
died	B-PROC
while	O
still	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenator	O
support	O
.	O

Our	O
institutional	O
experience	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenator	O
support	O
for	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
indications	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
indicates	O
poor	O
survival	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outcome	O
of	O
acute	O
East	O
African	B-PATH
trypanosomiasis	I-PATH
in	O
a	O
Polish	O
traveller	O
treated	O
with	O
pentamidine	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
present	O
the	O
first	O
and	O
an	O
unusual	O
case	O
of	O
East	O
African	B-PATH
trypanosomiasis	I-PATH
imported	O
to	O
Poland	O
by	O
a	O
patient	O
returning	O
from	O
a	O
tourist	O
trip	O
to	O
Uganda	O
and	O
Rwanda	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
successfully	O
treated	O
with	O
pentamidine	B-CHED
.	O

T	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
brucei	I-SPEC
rhodesiense	I-SPEC
subspecies	O
was	O
finally	O
identified	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
characteristic	O
serum	B-PRGE
resistance	B-PROC
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
using	O
a	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
seroconversion	O
of	O
specific	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
and	O
G	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

Sleeping	B-DISO
sickness	I-DISO
should	O
always	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
in	O
people	O
returning	O
from	O
safari	O
trips	O
to	O
the	O
national	O
parks	O
or	O
nature	O
reserves	O
of	O
sub	O
-	O
Saharan	O
Africa	O
.	O

Tonsillar	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
from	O
patients	O
with	O
OSA	B-DISO
and	O
RI	O
was	O
subjected	O
to	O
multiplex	O
quantitative	O
real	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
(	O
mqRTPCR	O
),	O
analyzed	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
'	O
genetic	O
material	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
24	O
detections	O
)	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
17	O
(	O
50	O
%)	O
OSA	B-DISO
samples	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
data	O
from	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
-	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
received	O
HFPV	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
42	O
patients	O
(	O
20	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
22	O
non	O
-	O
septic	O
ARDS	B-DISO
cases	O
)	O
were	O
evaluable	B-DISO
.	O

Baseline	O
demographic	O
characteristics	O
,	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
;	O
pH	O
and	O
respiratory	O
variables	O
were	O
comparable	O
between	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
non	O
-	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Oxygenation	B-PROC
improved	O
more	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
septic	O
than	O
in	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	O
infections	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
re	O
-	O
emerged	O
in	O
late	O
2013	O
.	O

The	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
/	O
470129	O
/	O
2013	O
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
deranged	O
liver	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
coagulation	B-PROC
profile	O
,	O
cytopenia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
patient	O
required	O
salvage	O
by	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
unique	O
mutation	O
PA	O
L336M	O
may	O
enhance	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
therefore	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

Lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
33	O
%	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
25	O
%	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
a	O
substantial	O
burden	O
of	O
disease	O
associated	O
with	O
both	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
was	O
observed	O
for	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
<	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
late	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
in	O
China	O
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
deaths	B-PROC
of	O
millions	O
of	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

Examples	O
are	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
novel	O
variants	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
H5N1	B-DISO
and	O
pandemic	O
H1N1	O
.	O

Reporting	O
rates	O
of	O
syncope	B-DISO
or	O
loss	O
of	O
consciousness	O
and	O
seizures	B-DISO
with	O
qHPV	O
vaccine	O
were	O
17	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
per	O
100	O
,	O
000	O
doses	O
administered	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
15	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
for	O
syncope	B-DISO
or	O
loss	O
of	O
consciousness	O
and	O
syncopal	O
seizures	B-DISO
occurred	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
vaccination	O
.	O

The	O
reporting	O
rates	O
of	O
syncope	B-DISO
or	O
loss	O
of	O
consciousness	O
and	O
seizures	B-DISO
were	O
6	O
.	O
4	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
other	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Four	O
hundred	O
thirty	O
-	O
seven	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
tested	O
by	O
modified	O
shell	B-ANAT
vial	O
culture	O
method	O
,	O
RV	O
15	O
ACE	B-ENZY
,	O
and	O
AdvanSure	O
.	O

Sensitivities	O
of	O
culture	O
,	O
RV15	O
,	O
and	O
AdvanSure	O
for	O
each	O
virus	O
tested	O
were	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
91	O
/	O
100	O
/	O
96	O
%	O
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
60	O
/	O
0	O
/	O
100	O
%	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
,	O
63	O
/	O
95	O
/	O
97	O
%	O
for	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
69	O
/	O
81	O
/	O
89	O
%	O
for	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
87	O
/	O
93	O
/	O
93	O
%	O
for	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

For	O
viruses	B-SPEC
not	O
covered	O
by	O
culture	O
,	O
sensitivities	O
of	O
RV15	O
and	O
AdvanSure	O
were	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
77	O
/	O
88	O
%	O
for	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
100	O
/	O
100	O
%	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
,	O
40	O
/	O
100	O
%	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
229E	O
/	O
NL63	O
,	O
13	O
/	O
100	O
%	O
for	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
44	O
/	O
100	O
%	O
for	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
potential	O
efficacy	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
with	O
administration	O
of	O
a	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
elastase	I-ENZY
inhibitor	I-CHED
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
-	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
NIV	O
and	O
a	O
neutrophil	B-CHED
elastase	I-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
if	O
the	O
exposure	O
to	O
Avian	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
aMPV	O
)	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
to	O
Turkey	B-DISO
hemorrhagic	I-DISO
enteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
THEV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
significant	O
for	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
episodes	O
of	O
colibacillosis	B-DISO
in	O
aMPV	O
and	O
THEV	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
.	O

Field	O
subtype	O
B	O
aMPVs	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
all	O
flocks	O
at	O
different	O
ages	O
of	O
life	O
always	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	O
signs	O
and	O
increase	O
of	O
colibacillosis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
mortality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

While	O
parent	O
virus	B-SPEC
FIPV	O
DF	O
-	O
2	O
developed	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
in	O
all	O
the	O
infected	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
its	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
PBFIPV	O
-	O
DF	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
differing	O
only	O
in	O
seven	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
,	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
surprisingly	O
low	O
virulent	O
,	O
although	O
caused	O
an	O
acute	O
febrile	B-PROC
episode	O
similarly	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
FIPV	O
DF	O
-	O
2	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	O
(	O
CAP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prolonged	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
without	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
:	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
Goodpasture	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
haemorrhage	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Comparing	O
sequences	O
of	O
archived	O
viruses	O
collected	O
over	O
many	O
years	O
to	O
the	O
present	O
allows	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
viral	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
new	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Use	O
of	O
these	O
sequencing	O
technologies	O
would	O
be	O
advantageous	O
in	O
examining	O
viral	O
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
conferred	O
sequence	O
independence	O
by	O
random	O
priming	O
both	O
first	O
and	O
second	O
strand	O
cDNA	O
synthesis	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
want	O
to	O
present	O
a	O
newborn	O
case	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
near	O
drowning	O
.	O

Antibiotics	B-CHED
were	O
given	O
to	O
prevent	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Four	O
hours	O
later	O
,	O
poractant	O
alfa	O
(	O
Curosurf	O
)	O
administered	O
repeatedly	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
dosage	O
because	O
of	O
hypoxemia	O
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
ratio	O
,	O
124	O
;	O
SaO2	B-PROC
,	O
88	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
respiratory	O
and	O
facial	B-ANAT
protection	O
.	O

Three	O
groups	O
of	O
patients	O
were	O
identified	O
:	O
those	O
with	O
neither	O
ARF	B-DISO
nor	O
SS	O
(	O
Group	O
A	O
),	O
those	O
with	O
only	O
ARF	B-DISO
(	O
Group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
both	O
ARF	B-DISO
and	O
SS	O
(	O
Group	O
C	O
)	O
on	O
admission	O
.	O

The	O
contemporary	O
occurrence	O
of	O
ARF	B-DISO
and	O
SS	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
age	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
),	O
residency	O
in	O
nursing	B-PROC
home	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
),	O
COPD	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
multilobar	O
involvement	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
renal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

4	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
in	O
Group	O
A	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
9	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
in	O
Group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
and	O
26	O
%	O
in	O
Group	O
C	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
.	O

After	O
adjustment	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
only	O
ARF	B-DISO
had	O
an	O
OR	O
for	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
85	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
both	O
ARF	B-DISO
and	O
SS	O
had	O
an	O
OR	O
of	O
6	O
.	O
32	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

A	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
of	O
FHMNV	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
correlation	O
coefficient	O
(	O
r	O
(	O
2	O
)=	O
0	O
.	O
9926	O
)	O
was	O
also	O
developed	O
and	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
quantitation	O
of	O
viral	O
copies	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
infected	O
fish	B-SPEC
showed	O
that	O
the	O
viral	O
loads	O
of	O
the	O
infected	O
fish	B-SPEC
tissue	B-ANAT
samples	O
reached	O
up	O
to	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
10	O
)	O
copies	O
per	O
mg	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
host	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
TMPRSS2	I-PRGE
plays	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
in	O
vivo	O
replication	O
of	O
emerging	O
H7N9	O
and	O
seasonal	O
influenza	O
viruses	O
.	O

In	O
TMPRSS2	O
KO	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
LP	O
IAVs	O
,	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
HA	O
was	O
severely	O
impaired	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
consequently	O
,	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
LP	O
IAV	O
progeny	O
particles	O
failed	O
to	O
gain	O
infectivity	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
viruses	O
were	O
fully	O
activated	O
proteolytically	O
in	O
TMPRSS2	O
+/+	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
WT	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Autopsy	O
findings	O
in	O
fatal	O
dengue	B-DISO
haemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
-	O
06	O
Cases	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
,	O
a	O
68	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
a	O
4	O
-	O
years	O
history	O
of	O
Parkinson	B-PATH
'	I-PATH
s	I-PATH
disease	I-PATH
,	O
presented	O
with	O
hyperthermia	B-PROC
and	O
severe	O
muscular	B-ANAT
rigidity	I-DISO
.	O

Stridor	B-DISO
was	O
auscultated	O
but	O
breathing	B-PROC
was	O
not	O
labored	O
.	O

During	O
surgery	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
was	O
maintained	O
with	O
sevoflurane	B-CHED
,	O
remifentanil	B-CHED
and	O
rocuronium	B-CHED
.	O

Four	O
main	O
mechanisms	O
leading	O
to	O
VALI	O
are	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
increased	O
stress	O
and	O
strain	O
,	O
induced	O
by	O
high	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
VT	O
);	O
2	O
)	O
increased	O
shear	O
stress	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
opening	O
and	O
closing	O
,	O
of	O
previously	O
atelectatic	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
units	O
;	O
3	O
)	O
distribution	O
of	O
perfusion	O
and	O
4	O
)	O
biotrauma	O
.	O

In	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
,	O
low	O
VT	O
,	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
positive	O
end	O
expiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
,	O
long	O
duration	O
prone	O
position	O
and	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
within	O
the	O
first	O
48	O
hours	O
are	O
associated	O
to	O
a	O
better	O
outcome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Imported	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
among	O
adults	O
requiring	O
intensive	O
care	O
:	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
a	O
continuation	O
of	O
our	O
efforts	O
to	O
discover	O
and	O
develop	O
back	O
-	O
up	O
analogs	O
of	O
DAPYs	O
,	O
novel	O
substituted	O
nitropyridine	O
derivatives	O
were	O
designed	O
via	O
a	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
core	O
refining	O
approach	O
,	O
synthesized	O
and	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
in	O
vitro	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
activity	O
in	O
MT	O
-	O
4	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Most	O
notably	O
,	O
the	O
compound	O
7b	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
promising	O
candidate	O
in	O
inhibiting	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
replication	O
with	O
an	O
EC50	O
value	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
056	O
μM	O
and	O
a	O
selective	O
index	O
(	O
SI	O
)	O
of	O
1251	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
much	O
better	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
NVP	B-CHED
(	O
EC₅₀	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
23	O
μM	O
)	O
and	O
DLV	O
(	O
EC₅₀	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
51	O
μM	O
).	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
chimeric	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
containing	O
the	O
six	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
of	O
the	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
G	O
of	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
VSV	O
)	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
retained	O
intracellularly	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
tyrosine	B-CHED
tetrapeptide	B-CHED
motif	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
mutant	O
proteins	B-CHED
generated	O
by	O
site	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
directed	I-PROC
mutagenesis	I-PROC
revealed	O
that	O
a	O
single	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
exchange	O
(	O
1445K	O
/	O
M	O
,	O
position	O
:	O
+	O
2	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
tyrosine	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
motif	O
)	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
altered	O
sorting	B-PROC
behavior	O
.	O

Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
C5a	B-PRGE
/	O
C5aR	B-PRGE
interactions	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
be	O
beneficial	O
in	O
the	O
clinical	O
treatment	O
of	O
FH	O
patients	O
.	O

Of	O
etiotropic	O
treatment	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
ARVI	O
include	O
a	O
wide	O
spectrum	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
,	O
among	O
which	O
are	O
the	O
drugs	O
with	O
a	O
restricted	O
spectrum	O
,	O
basically	O
used	O
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
general	O
spectrum	O
used	O
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
ARVI	O
as	O
a	O
prophylactic	O
or	O
therapeutic	O
intention	O
.	O

The	O
expressed	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
,	O
used	O
in	O
ELISA	O
,	O
effectively	O
detected	O
chicken	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IBV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
with	O
high	O
specificity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
cause	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
that	O
can	O
range	O
from	O
mild	O
to	O
severe	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enhanced	O
innate	O
antiviral	B-CHED
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
cytolytic	O
responses	O
are	O
predictive	O
of	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
immune	O
recovery	O
during	O
simian	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
an	O
abundance	O
of	O
memory	B-PROC
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
at	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
sites	O
render	O
them	O
highly	O
susceptible	O
to	O
HIV	B-PATH
infection	I-PATH
,	O
the	O
gut	B-ANAT
and	O
not	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
experiences	O
severe	O
and	O
sustained	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
depletion	O
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
disruption	O
.	O

Pyrrolidine	B-CHED
dithiocarbamate	O
,	O
a	O
STAT	B-PRGE
/	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
and	O
free	O
radical	B-CHED
scavenger	I-CHED
,	O
was	O
administered	O
systemically	O
to	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
this	O
altered	O
the	O
muscle	B-PROC
contraction	B-DISO
response	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AIV	O
)	O
H9	O
subtype	O
are	O
major	O
pathogens	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
causing	O
serious	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
heavy	O
economic	O
losses	O
.	O

Gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
of	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
and	O
IL	O
-	O
6receptors	O
in	O
the	O
tubular	O
gland	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
isthmus	O
and	O
uterus	B-ANAT
was	O
analyzed	O
by	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
but	O
not	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
tubular	O
gland	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
isthmus	O
and	O
uterus	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
patient	O
also	O
received	O
pralidoxime	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Abstract	O
Acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
severe	O
syndromes	B-DISO
resulting	O
from	O
the	O
diffuse	O
damage	O
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
parenchyma	B-ANAT
.	O

Although	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
have	O
pointed	O
out	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
new	O
ideas	O
for	O
study	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
still	O
limited	O
data	O
regarding	O
the	O
initiating	O
factors	O
,	O
the	O
critical	O
steps	O
in	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
central	O
mechanisms	O
dictating	O
its	O
resolution	O
or	O
progression	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
scarring	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
developed	O
an	O
inferential	O
transmission	O
model	O
capable	O
of	O
distinguishing	O
the	O
signal	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
from	O
the	O
background	O
noise	O
of	O
direct	O
spillover	O
transmission	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
from	O
markets	O
or	O
farms	O
).	O

Applying	O
our	O
method	O
to	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
three	O
largest	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H7N9	O
outbreak	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
2013	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
evidence	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
accounted	O
for	O
13	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
credible	O
interval	O
1	O
%-	O
32	O
%)	O
of	O
cases	O
overall	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
for	O
almost	O
three	O
decades	O
now	O
,	O
the	O
scientific	O
literature	O
has	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
HCoV	O
are	O
neuroinvasive	O
and	O
neurotropic	O
and	O
could	O
induce	O
an	O
overactivation	O
of	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
in	O
part	O
by	O
participating	O
in	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
autoreactive	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
could	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
autoimmunity	B-DISO
in	O
susceptible	O
individuals	O
.	O

Given	O
all	O
these	O
properties	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
suggested	O
that	O
these	O
recognized	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
could	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
triggering	O
or	O
the	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
neurological	O
diseases	O
for	O
which	O
the	O
etiology	O
remains	O
unknown	O
or	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
PLpro	O
-	O
TM	O
physically	O
interacts	O
with	O
TRAF3	B-PRGE
,	O
TBK1	B-ENZY
,	O
IKKε	O
,	O
STING	O
,	O
and	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
,	O
the	O
key	O
components	O
that	O
assemble	O
the	O
STING	O
-	O
TRAF3	B-PRGE
-	O
TBK1	B-FUNC
complex	O
for	O
activation	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
fusion	O
of	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
firefly	B-ENZY
luciferase	I-ENZY
with	O
either	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
2	O
or	O
3	O
is	O
tolerated	O
and	O
that	O
these	O
reporter	O
-	O
replicase	B-PRGE
fusions	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
quantitate	O
replication	O
complex	O
formation	B-PROC
and	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
vs	O
.	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

More	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
understand	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
guide	O
public	O
health	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
and	O
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	O
Enterococcus	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
perfringens	I-SPEC
and	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
difficile	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
neonatal	O
porcine	B-SPEC
diarrhea	B-DISO
with	O
no	O
established	O
casual	O
agents	O
.	O

Fluorescence	O
in	O
situ	O
hybridization	B-PROC
with	O
oligonucleotide	B-CHED
probes	O
was	O
applied	O
on	O
the	O
fixed	B-ANAT
intestinal	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
51	O
diarrheic	O
and	O
50	O
non	O
-	O
diarrheic	O
piglets	O
collected	O
from	O
four	O
Danish	O
farms	O
during	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
neonatal	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
not	O
caused	O
by	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
enteric	O
pathogens	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
Enterococcus	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O
was	O
primarily	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
diarrheic	O
piglets	O
.	O

These	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
as	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
Enterococcus	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

A	O
triple	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
with	O
ceftriaxone	B-CHED
,	O
amikacin	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
josamycin	O
was	O
started	O
.	O

The	O
appropriate	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
associated	O
with	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
and	O
immunoglobulins	O
led	O
to	O
clinical	O
improvement	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
progressed	O
toward	O
complete	O
recovery	O
.	O

Early	O
treatment	O
with	O
neuraminidase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
improved	O
survival	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
antivirals	B-CHED
was	O
hampered	O
by	O
resistant	O
mutants	O
.	O

The	O
emergence	O
of	O
A	O
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
represents	O
a	O
significant	O
health	O
threat	O
.	O

Likewise	O
,	O
advanced	O
age	O
correlated	O
with	O
more	O
adverse	O
disease	O
outcomes	O
following	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
PKR	B-PRGE
deficiency	O
selectively	O
reduced	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
10	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
in	O
CD4	B-PRGE
,	O
but	O
not	O
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
,	O
without	O
affecting	O
CNS	B-CHED
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
How	O
change	O
of	O
public	O
transportation	O
usage	O
reveals	O
fear	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
city	O
.	O

Instead	O
,	O
delayed	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
replication	O
coincided	O
with	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
ISGylation	O
.	O

Activation	O
of	O
the	O
pathway	B-PROC
is	O
very	O
good	O
at	O
suppressing	O
viral	O
production	O
,	O
but	O
over	O
time	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
overwhelms	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
for	O
all	O
age	O
groups	O
was	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
New	O
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Mystacina	B-SPEC
tuberculata	I-SPEC
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
New	O
Zealand	O
.	O

The	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
dried	B-ANAT
on	O
stainless	O
steel	O
discs	O
in	O
20	O
-	O
or	O
40	O
-	O
μL	O
aliquots	O
and	O
exposed	O
to	O
HPV	O
produced	O
by	O
a	O
Clarus	O
L	O
generator	O
(	O
Bioquell	O
,	O
Horsham	O
,	O
PA	O
,	O
USA	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
m	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
environmental	O
chamber	B-ANAT
.	O

Nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
collected	O
using	O
FTA	O
Cards	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
cold	B-DISO
-	O
chain	O
or	O
special	O
liquid	O
media	B-ANAT
handling	O
provided	O
realtime	O
PCR	O
results	O
consistent	O
(	O
96	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
agreement	O
,	O
kappa	B-PRGE
0	I-PRGE
.	O
923	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
89	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
96	O
])	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
specimens	O
collected	O
using	O
traditional	O
viral	O
transport	B-PROC
media	B-ANAT
and	O
shipped	O
on	O
ice	O
using	O
the	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
Department	O
of	O
Transportation	O
mandated	O
liquid	O
handling	O
requirements	O
.	O

Deceased	B-PROC
donors	O
with	O
previous	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
C	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
may	O
represent	O
a	O
safe	O
resource	O
to	O
expand	O
the	O
donor	B-CHED
pool	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
time	O
course	O
experiments	O
in	O
which	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
C	O
.	O
pecorum	O
/	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infected	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
cycloheximide	B-CHED
(	O
CHX	O
),	O
which	O
inhibits	O
viral	O
but	O
not	O
chlamydial	O
protein	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
-	O
induced	O
chlamydial	O
persistence	O
/	O
stress	O
is	O
reversible	O
and	O
suggest	O
that	O
this	O
induction	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
;	O
and	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
de	O
novo	O
host	B-COMP
or	O
viral	B-PROC
protein	I-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

Reovirus	B-SPEC
pathogenicity	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
investigated	O
BYD1	O
caused	O
systemic	O
complications	O
in	O
suckling	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
BYD1	O
μ1	O
-	O
and	O
σ1	O
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
is	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
multi	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
lesions	O
in	O
a	O
suckling	O
mouse	B-SPEC
BYD1	O
infection	B-DISO
model	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Role	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
after	O
trauma	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
low	O
OCT	O
results	O
at	O
T24	O
exhibited	O
more	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

We	O
excluded	O
trials	O
of	O
newborns	O
and	O
children	O
;	O
and	O
those	O
on	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
interventions	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
prevention	O
,	O
or	O
post	O
-	O
traumatic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
reviewed	O
all	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
of	O
RCTs	O
in	O
this	O
field	O
that	O
addressed	O
mortality	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
limited	O
supportive	O
evidence	O
that	O
specific	O
interventions	O
can	O
decrease	O
mortality	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	O
envelope	B-COMP
(	O
CoV	O
E	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
∼	O
100	O
-	O
residue	O
polypeptides	B-CHED
with	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
channel	O
-	O
forming	O
α	O
-	O
helical	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
(	O
TM	O
)	O
domain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mounier	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Kuhn	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
masquerading	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
thromboembolism	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
elderly	O
male	O
.	O

It	O
results	O
in	O
recurrent	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
severe	O
cases	O
,	O
patients	O
may	O
present	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
requiring	O
hospital	O
admission	O
and	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

Clinical	O
examination	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
may	O
be	O
misleading	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
as	O
tracheobronchomegaly	B-DISO
is	O
easily	O
overlooked	O
on	O
radiographs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
adult	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
stem	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
decrease	O
severity	O
of	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
sheep	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
improve	O
preparedness	O
and	O
responsiveness	O
during	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
novel	O
CoVs	O
,	O
information	O
and	O
problems	O
regarding	O
serological	O
diagnosis	O
that	O
occurred	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
should	O
be	O
acknowledged	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
we	O
summarize	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
different	O
serological	O
assays	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
applicability	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
main	O
applied	O
antigens	B-CHED
(	O
spike	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
)	O
used	O
during	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
outbreak	O
.	O

We	O
highlight	O
challenges	O
and	O
potential	O
pitfalls	O
that	O
occur	O
when	O
dealing	O
with	O
a	O
novel	O
emerging	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
like	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
we	O
describe	O
problems	O
that	O
might	O
occur	O
when	O
animal	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
are	O
tested	O
in	O
serological	O
assays	O
for	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
putative	O
reservoirs	O
.	O

Cloacal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
20	O
chickens	B-SPEC
in	O
each	O
flock	O
approximately	O
every	O
6	O
weeks	O
.	O

Oral	B-ANAT
challenge	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
was	O
performed	O
when	O
the	O
pigs	B-SPEC
had	O
been	O
fed	O
for	O
1	O
week	O
with	O
the	O
respective	O
diet	O
.	O

Excepting	O
state	B-DISO
anxiety	I-DISO
,	O
other	O
affective	O
measures	O
including	O
""""	O
anticipated	O
worry	O
""","	O
""""	O
experienced	O
worry	O
""""	O
and	O
""""	O
current	O
worry	O
""""	O
specific	O
to	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1	O
risk	O
were	O
consistently	O
and	O
strongly	O
associated	O
with	O
adoption	O
of	O
protective	O
behaviors	B-PROC
across	O
different	O
survey	O
periods	B-PROC
.	O

Perceived	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1	O
severity	O
relative	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
had	O
stronger	O
associations	O
with	O
adoption	O
of	O
protective	O
behaviors	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
late	O
epidemic	O
periods	B-PROC
than	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
epidemic	O
periods	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-DISO
activity	O
of	O
4	O
-(	O
naphthalen	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
1	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
yl	I-CHED
)-	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
thiadiazol	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
hydroxyl	B-CHED
derivatives	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
series	O
of	O
4	O
-(	O
naphthalen	O
-	O
1	O
-	O
yl	O
)-	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
thiadiazol	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
hydroxyl	B-CHED
derivatives	O
(	O
Ia	O
-	O
Im	O
and	O
IIa	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IIe	I-PRGE
)	O
designed	O
as	O
novel	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
non	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
nucleoside	I-PROC
reverse	B-CHED
transcriptase	I-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
(	O
NNRTIs	O
)	O
was	O
synthesized	O
via	O
an	O
expeditious	O
route	O
and	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-DISO
activities	O
in	O
MT	O
-	O
4	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
.	O

Broilers	O
were	O
more	O
susceptible	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
than	O
SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
seroconversion	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
chicks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Triggering	O
unfolded	O
protein	B-CHED
response	O
by	O
2	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
Deoxy	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
D	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
glucose	I-CHED
inhibits	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
propagation	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
studies	O
,	O
we	O
first	O
evaluated	O
if	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
activated	O
the	O
UPR	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

Western	O
blot	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
identified	O
the	O
differences	O
of	O
UPR	O
genes	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
induced	I-DISO
UPR	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

All	O
these	O
results	O
support	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
potential	O
of	O
using	O
2	O
-	O
DG	O
or	O
glucose	B-CHED
/	O
mannose	B-CHED
analogs	O
to	O
induce	O
the	O
UPR	O
to	O
block	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Fifty	O
percentage	O
of	O
subjects	O
reported	O
allergy	B-DISO
,	O
59	O
%	O
had	O
≥	O
1	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
24	O
%	O
had	O
≥	O
1	O
intratonsillar	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
two	O
clusters	B-CHED
became	O
more	O
distinctive	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
or	O
allergy	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
negative	O
correlation	O
between	O
antiviral	B-CHED
cytokines	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
,	O
IL	O
-	O
37	O
,	O
FOXP3	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
RORC2	O
was	O
observed	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
interestingly	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
13	I-FUNC
strongly	O
correlated	O
with	O
antiviral	B-CHED
cytokines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
with	O
the	O
American	O
European	O
consensus	O
definition	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
.	O

Smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
process	I-DISO
are	O
the	O
major	O
causes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
.	O

This	O
definition	O
may	O
facilitate	O
prompt	O
recognition	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
promote	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
to	O
a	O
larger	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
toddler	O
presented	O
with	O
poor	O
appetite	O
,	O
weight	O
loss	O
and	O
frequent	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
for	O
the	O
past	O
6	O
months	O
,	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
increasing	O
paleness	B-DISO
for	O
the	O
past	O
2	O
months	O
and	O
bilateral	O
pedal	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
for	O
the	O
past	O
1	O
month	O
.	O

The	O
mechanisms	O
how	O
viral	O
agents	O
affect	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
of	O
CF	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emergence	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
genotype	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O

This	O
research	O
analyzed	O
IBV	B-SPEC
positive	O
poultry	O
flocks	O
from	O
different	O
rearing	O
regions	O
to	O
verify	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
variability	O
and	O
geographic	O
distribution	O
of	O
variant	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
(	O
2010	O
and	O
2011	O
).	O

They	O
also	O
elucidated	O
factors	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
persistence	O
of	O
Ark	B-PRGE
vaccine	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Juvenile	B-DISO
myelomonocytic	I-DISO
leukemias	I-DISO
].	O

The	O
only	O
curative	O
treatment	O
is	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
but	O
approximately	O
35	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
relapse	B-DISO
.	O

JMML	B-DISO
clinical	O
course	O
is	O
highly	O
heterogeneous	O
and	O
unpredictable	O
.	O

Several	O
research	O
directions	O
are	O
currently	O
being	O
explored	O
to	O
improve	O
prognosis	O
prediction	O
and	O
provide	O
more	O
effective	O
targeted	B-PROC
treatments	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
looked	O
at	O
thousands	O
of	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
identified	O
two	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mutants	O
that	O
made	O
half	O
as	O
many	O
organelles	B-COMP
as	O
normal	O
and	O
two	O
others	O
that	O
made	O
typical	O
numbers	O
but	O
smaller	O
organelles	B-COMP
.	O

None	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
significantly	O
less	O
fit	B-DISO
than	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
were	O
actually	O
fitter	O
in	O
tests	O
in	O
two	O
kinds	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

As	O
determined	O
by	O
commercial	O
multi	O
-	O
PCR	O
kit	B-FUNC
and	O
conventional	O
PCR	O
(	O
for	O
HBoV	O
and	O
WUPyV	O
),	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
Respiratory	O
Panel	O
for	O
each	O
viral	O
targets	O
ranged	O
from	O
50	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
to	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
specificity	O
was	O
96	O
.	O
2	O
%-	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
and	O
accordance	O
rate	O
was	O
93	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
-	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
the	O
kappa	O
correlation	O
of	O
eight	O
viral	O
targets	O
was	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
75	O
.	O

Two	O
liquid	O
chip	O
assay	O
panels	O
,	O
developed	O
based	O
on	O
xMAP	O
technology	O
,	O
can	O
detect	O
5	O
types	O
/	O
subtypes	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
and	O
14	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
simultaneously	O
in	O
one	O
reaction	O
in	O
6	O
hours	O
.	O

They	O
are	O
potentially	O
rapid	O
,	O
sensitive	O
,	O
specific	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
throughput	O
diagnostic	O
tools	O
for	O
major	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
Influenza	B-DISO
Panel	O
returned	O
the	O
analytical	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
4	O
-	O
10	O
copies	O
vRNA	O
/	O
microL	O
of	O
sample	O
for	O
seasonal	O
H1N1	O
,	O
H3N2	B-CHED
,	O
pandemic	O
H1N1	O
,	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
and	O
200	O
copies	O
vRNA	O
/	O
microL	O
of	O
sample	O
for	O
H5	O
.	O

He	O
was	O
placed	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
to	O
stabilise	O
his	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
different	O
regional	O
camel	B-SPEC
festivals	O
in	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
,	O
Hafr	O
Al	O
-	O
Batin	O
has	O
the	O
biggest	O
camel	B-SPEC
market	O
in	O
the	O
entire	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
and	O
hosts	B-COMP
an	O
annual	O
camel	B-SPEC
festival	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
localized	O
and	O
encapsulated	O
infections	B-DISO
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
abscess	B-DISO
,	O
endocarditis	B-DISO
and	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
)	O
can	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
lowered	O
PCT	B-DISO
values	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2003	O
,	O
China	O
'	O
s	O
handling	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
heavily	O
criticized	O
and	O
generally	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
suboptimal	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
pediatric	B-DISO
cancer	I-DISO
patients	O
undergoing	O
chemotherapy	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
50	O
samples	O
:	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
23	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
AB	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
%).	O

Fever	B-PROC
in	O
neutropenic	O
patients	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
13	O
%,	O
of	O
which	O
four	O
(	O
30	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Poxviruses	B-SPEC
are	O
important	O
pathogens	O
of	O
man	B-CHED
and	O
numerous	O
domestic	O
and	O
wild	O
animal	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
natural	O
history	O
of	O
poxviruses	B-SPEC
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
highlight	O
the	O
relationship	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
each	O
other	O
and	O
their	O
context	O
in	O
the	O
Poxviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
mean	O
CT	O
score	O
of	O
the	O
affected	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
at	O
discharge	B-ANAT
was	O
30	O
%	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
initial	O
CT	O
examination	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
retention	B-PROC
of	O
primed	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
:	O
a	O
novel	O
protective	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
is	O
impaired	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
demonstrated	O
minimal	O
delay	O
and	O
retention	B-PROC
of	O
unprimed	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
transiting	O
the	O
healthy	O
human	B-SPEC
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vasculature	I-ANAT
,	O
but	O
marked	O
retention	B-PROC
of	O
primed	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
;	O
these	O
latter	O
cells	B-COMP
then	O
'	O
deprime	O
'	O
and	O
are	O
re	O
-	O
released	O
into	O
the	O
systemic	O
circulation	B-PROC
.	O

Further	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
this	O
physiological	O
depriming	O
mechanism	O
may	O
fail	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
increased	O
numbers	O
of	O
primed	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
within	O
the	O
systemic	O
circulation	B-PROC
.	O

Not	O
only	O
did	O
B2	O
-	O
derived	O
peripheral	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
differentiate	O
into	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
more	O
readily	O
than	O
the	O
B19	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
but	O
as	O
determined	O
by	O
NO	O
production	O
,	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
from	O
B2	O
and	O
B2	O
on	O
B19	O
genetic	O
background	O
chicks	O
were	O
also	O
significantly	O
more	O
responsive	O
to	O
either	O
stimulant	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
by	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
herbs	O
.	O

Many	O
commercial	O
herbal	O
medicines	O
containing	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
compounds	O
have	O
been	O
successfully	O
applied	O
to	O
prevent	O
and	O
treat	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
clinically	O
.	O

Prospectively	O
collected	O
data	O
of	O
879	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
elective	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
resection	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Adjusted	O
for	O
age	O
,	O
independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
OS	O
were	O
comorbidities	O
(	O
HR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
51	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
major	O
hepatectomy	O
(	O
HR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
33	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
025	O
),	O
increased	O
EBL	O
(	O
HR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
32	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
031	O
),	O
and	O
postoperative	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
(	O
HR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
64	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
hospitalized	O
due	O
to	O
an	O
acute	O
confusional	B-DISO
state	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
hemolytic	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
.	O

One	O
day	O
prior	O
to	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
involved	O
in	O
a	O
minor	O
motor	O
vehicle	O
accident	O
,	O
yet	O
she	O
and	O
her	O
family	B-SPEC
denied	O
any	O
injuries	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
accident	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
did	O
not	O
complain	O
of	O
pain	O
.	O

A	O
mean	O
of	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
shed	O
in	O
diarrhoeic	O
piglets	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
piglet	O
was	O
in	O
fact	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
with	O
11	O
different	O
viruses	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
neutralizing	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
MAb	O
),	O
designated	O
Mersmab1	O
,	O
which	O
potently	O
blocks	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
entry	O
into	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
produced	O
a	O
neutralizing	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
with	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
effectively	O
block	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
entry	O
into	O
permissive	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

If	O
humanized	O
,	O
this	O
antibody	B-COMP
may	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
prophylactic	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
agent	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
conserved	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
revealed	O
that	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
had	O
diversities	O
with	O
some	O
obvious	O
differences	O
from	O
those	O
reported	O
previously	O
.	O

Further	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
alpha	O
-	O
and	O
betacoronaviruses	O
have	O
different	O
circulation	B-PROC
and	O
transmission	O
dynamics	O
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
populations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
(	O
MP	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
childhood	O
pathogen	O
associated	O
with	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
AP	O
).	O

In	O
2003	O
,	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
coined	O
the	O
word	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
(	O
sars	B-DISO
)	O
for	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
AP	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
was	O
not	O
isolated	O
in	O
this	O
girl	O
with	O
'	O
typical	O
'	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
by	O
symptomatology	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
,	O
but	O
tracheal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
identified	O
MP	O
instead	O
.	O

Experimental	O
and	O
clinical	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injuries	O
in	O
MP	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
cell	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
mediated	I-DISO
immune	I-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
high	O
responsiveness	O
to	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
especially	O
for	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
case	O
patients	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
overweight	B-DISO
than	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
mean	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
,	O
32	O
vs	O
27	O
.	O
8	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
035	O
),	O
to	O
have	O
diabetes	B-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
(	O
87	O
%	O
vs	O
47	O
%;	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
],	O
7	O
.	O
24	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
015	O
),	O
and	O
to	O
have	O
end	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
stage	I-DISO
renal	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
33	O
%	O
vs	O
7	O
%;	O
OR	O
,	O
7	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
012	O
).	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
patients	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
normal	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
than	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
82	O
%	O
vs	O
52	O
%;	O
OR	O
,	O
4	O
.	O
33	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
029	O
).	O

We	O
determined	O
that	O
the	O
initial	O
appropriate	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
use	O
was	O
an	O
independent	O
clinical	O
factor	O
and	O
day	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
high	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
mobility	I-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
B1	I-PRGE
(	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
)	O
concentration	O
was	O
an	O
independent	O
biomarker	B-CHED
for	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
.	O

Intravenous	O
peramivir	O
,	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
and	O
continuous	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
hemofiltration	O
were	O
given	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
day	O
of	O
lab	O
diagnosis	O
because	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Performance	O
and	O
clinical	O
validation	O
of	O
the	O
RealStar	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Kit	B-FUNC
for	O
detection	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
.	O

In	O
-	O
house	O
molecular	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
for	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
termed	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
allowed	O
sensitive	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
detection	O
in	O
patient	O
samples	O
.	O

An	O
internal	O
amplification	B-DISO
control	O
was	O
included	O
into	O
the	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
genomic	O
region	O
upstream	B-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
the	I-PRGE
Envelope	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
upE	O
)	O
and	O
within	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
(	O
ORF	O
)	O
1A	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
55	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
were	O
enrolled	O
into	O
the	O
prospective	O
study	O
between	O
February	O
2010	O
and	O
December	O
2010	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
mean	O
age	O
,	O
immune	B-PROC
status	I-PROC
,	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
CRP	B-PRGE
)	O
values	O
,	O
hospitalization	O
duration	O
and	O
CURB	B-DISO
-	O
65	O
score	O
between	O
bacterial	O
and	O
mixed	O
viral	O
-	O
bacterial	O
detections	O
.	O

Concomitance	O
of	O
bacterial	O
and	O
viral	O
agents	O
is	O
frequent	O
and	O
resemble	O
with	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
alone	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Concomitance	O
of	O
bacterial	O
and	O
viral	O
agents	O
is	O
frequent	O
and	O
resemble	O
with	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
alone	O
.	O

Newly	O
emerging	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
especially	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
hantavirus	B-SPEC
post	O
considerable	O
medical	O
problems	O
.	O

It	O
provides	O
the	O
compelling	O
evidence	O
that	O
illuminates	O
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
clear	O
findings	O
that	O
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
is	O
chemically	O
tractable	O
by	O
therapy	O
directed	O
toward	O
sphingosine	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
phosphate	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
S1PR	O
)	O
modulation	O
,	O
specifically	O
S1P1R	O
agonist	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
mechanism	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
of	O
how	O
S1P1R	O
signaling	B-PROC
works	O
and	O
the	O
pathways	O
involved	O
are	O
subjects	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
.	O

Mechanical	O
stretch	O
-	O
augmented	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
also	O
attenuated	O
through	O
pharmacological	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activity	O
by	O
SN50	O
and	O
NRF	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
by	O
NRF	O
short	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
.	O

Understanding	O
the	O
protective	O
effects	O
of	O
neutrophil	B-CHED
elastase	I-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
associated	O
with	O
the	O
reduction	O
of	O
MIP	B-DISO
-	O
2	O
allow	O
clarification	O
of	O
the	O
pathophysiological	O
mechanisms	O
regulating	O
severe	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
possible	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
involved	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transnational	O
quarantine	O
rhetorics	O
:	O
public	O
mobilization	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
in	O
H1N1	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
.	O

SimPlot	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
kb	O
3	O
'	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
N1	O
/	O
08	O
genome	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
region	O
for	O
other	O
Australian	O
reference	O
strains	O
identified	O
the	O
sites	O
of	O
recombination	B-PROC
as	O
immediately	O
upstream	O
and	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

A	O
pathogenicity	O
study	O
in	O
2	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
chickens	B-SPEC
found	O
that	O
N1	O
/	O
08	O
had	O
similar	O
pathogenicity	O
for	O
chicken	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
tissues	B-ANAT
to	O
that	O
reported	O
for	O
subgroup	O
2	O
strains	O
rather	O
than	O
subgroup	O
3	O
strains	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
previous	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
endogenous	O
peptide	B-CHED
adrenomedullin	O
(	O
AM	O
)	O
protected	O
murine	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
from	O
VILI	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
MV	O
)	O
contributes	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
in	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
that	O
AM	O
may	O
reduce	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
ventilated	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
pneumococcal	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

MV	O
dramatically	O
increased	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
cytokines	O
but	O
not	O
lung	B-ANAT
leukocyte	B-ANAT
counts	O
in	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
compound	O
4e	O
could	O
inhibit	O
not	O
only	O
HBsAg	O
and	O
HBeAg	O
secretions	B-ANAT
but	O
also	O
HBV	B-DISO
DNA	B-PATH
replication	I-PATH
with	O
SI	O
values	O
of	O
20	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
125	O
.	O
0	O
and	O
104	O
.	O
9	O
.	O

Adjunctive	O
therapies	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
include	O
a	O
conservative	O
fluid	O
management	O
strategy	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
and	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

Results	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
were	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
and	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
another	O
.	O

Conclusion	O
:	O
The	O
results	O
did	O
not	O
demonstrate	O
a	O
statistically	O
significant	O
relationship	O
between	O
nasal	O
polyposis	O
and	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
spike	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
of	O
coronaviruses	O
reside	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
virion	B-COMP
and	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
these	O
strategies	O
has	O
progressed	O
to	O
an	O
approved	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
vaccine	O
in	O
the	O
ten	O
years	O
since	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
emerged	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
a	O
novel	O
method	O
for	O
generating	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
full	O
-	O
length	O
spike	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
adjuvants	B-CHED
are	O
able	O
to	O
produce	O
high	O
titer	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
most	O
coronaviruses	O
exit	O
through	O
the	O
apical	O
surface	O
,	O
several	O
through	O
the	O
basolateral	O
one	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
appears	O
to	O
use	O
both	O
sides	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
strain	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
SHXB	O
,	O
was	O
isolated	O
in	O
Shanghai	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2011	O
,	O
autochthonous	O
Plasmodium	O
vivax	O
malaria	B-PATH
emerged	O
in	O
a	O
focal	O
geographical	O
area	O
in	O
Greece	O
after	O
importation	O
by	O
immigrants	O
from	O
the	O
Indian	O
subcontinent	O
.	O

Understanding	O
the	O
molecular	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
mechanisms	O
governing	O
muted	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
humoral	O
responses	O
that	O
occur	O
post	O
-	O
injury	O
resulting	O
in	O
impaired	B-DISO
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
following	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
critical	O
for	O
improving	O
the	O
overall	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
of	O
individuals	O
with	O
SCI	O
.	O

Data	O
from	O
two	O
American	O
College	O
of	O
Surgeons	O
-	O
verified	O
Level	O
1	O
trauma	O
centers	O
,	O
which	O
maintain	O
detailed	O
records	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
AHRF	O
),	O
were	O
evaluated	O
retrospectively	O
.	O

ECLS	O
patients	O
received	O
more	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusions	O
and	O
had	O
more	O
bleeding	B-DISO
complications	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
CONV	O
patients	O
had	O
more	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
flight	B-PROC
,	O
a	O
factor	O
common	O
to	O
all	O
bats	B-SPEC
but	O
to	O
no	O
other	O
mammals	B-SPEC
,	O
provides	O
an	O
intensive	O
selective	O
force	O
for	O
coexistence	O
with	O
viral	O
parasites	O
through	O
a	O
daily	O
cycle	O
that	O
elevates	O
metabolism	B-PROC
and	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
analogous	O
to	O
the	O
febrile	B-PROC
response	O
in	O
other	O
mammals	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
series	O
of	O
7	O
-	O
methoxycryptopleurine	O
derivatives	O
2	O
-	O
23	O
were	O
prepared	O
and	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
antiviral	O
activity	O
against	O
tobacco	B-SPEC
mosaic	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
TMV	B-SPEC
)	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
restricted	O
to	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
birth	B-PROC
did	O
not	O
affect	O
ADG	O
and	O
suggested	O
this	O
phenomenon	O
to	O
be	O
unrelated	O
to	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
these	O
animals	B-SPEC
can	O
act	O
as	O
disease	O
reservoirs	O
for	O
wild	O
animal	B-SPEC
populations	O
by	O
occasional	O
contact	O
.	O

Porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PHEV	O
)	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
suckling	O
and	O
weaning	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
may	O
provide	O
some	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
genotype	O
of	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
outbreak	O
and	O
could	O
also	O
provide	O
a	O
comparative	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
genomics	O
of	O
the	O
five	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
PHEV	O
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
heterotypic	O
protection	O
was	O
assessed	O
using	O
a	O
prime	O
-	O
boost	O
approach	O
with	O
a	O
commercially	O
available	O
attenuated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Massachusetts	O
(	O
Mass	O
)-	O
type	O
vaccine	O
.	O

A	O
significant	O
difference	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
was	O
determined	O
between	O
these	O
groups	O
regarding	O
incidence	O
of	O
detection	O
of	O
challenge	O
IBV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
in	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
;	O
viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
rLS	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
IBV	B-SPEC
.	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
Mass	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
vaccinated	I-PRGE
chickens	B-SPEC
while	I-PRGE
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
Mass	O
+	O
Mass	O
and	O
unvaccinated	O
challenged	O
controls	O
showed	O
84	O
and	O
90	O
%	O
incidence	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
detection	O
in	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
higher	O
vaccine	O
virus	B-SPEC
heterogeneity	O
observed	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
vaccine	O
B	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
vaccine	O
A	O
may	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
these	O
differences	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
HCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
Kawasaki	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
immunofluorescence	O
assays	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
tests	O
were	O
performed	O
.	O

Immunofluorescence	O
assays	O
detected	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
positivity	O
between	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
Kawasaki	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
controls	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
positivity	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
Kawasaki	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
than	O
that	O
in	O
controls	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
YXXΦ	O
motif	O
within	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
its	O
intracellular	B-PROC
transport	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Six	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
recently	O
identified	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
target	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
causing	O
mild	O
to	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

Their	O
interaction	O
with	O
receptors	O
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
cells	B-COMP
located	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
is	O
an	O
essential	O
first	O
step	O
in	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
11	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
.	O

Whether	O
E	O
can	O
release	B-PATH
from	O
cells	B-COMP
or	O
E	O
/	O
N	O
interaction	O
exists	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
contribute	O
to	O
enhanced	O
VLP	B-COMP
production	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
a	O
mutation	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
),	O
which	O
results	O
in	O
an	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
change	O
from	O
methionine	B-CHED
to	O
leucine	B-CHED
at	O
position	O
1058	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

At	O
admission	O
,	O
the	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
failure	O
group	O
had	O
significantly	O
higher	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
values	O
(	O
36	O
.	O
9	O
±	O
7	O
.	O
8	O
vs	O
30	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
breaths	O
/	O
min	O
;	O
P	O
=.	O
036	O
),	O
plasma	B-ANAT
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
fragment	O
of	O
the	O
prohormone	B-CHED
of	O
B	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
natriuretic	I-PRGE
peptide	I-PRGE
(	O
NT	O
-	O
proBNP	O
)	O
levels	O
(	O
4528	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
4012	O
.	O
8	O
vs	O
634	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
808	O
.	O
0	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
;	O
P	O
=.	O
023	O
)	O
and	O
serum	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
values	O
(	O
72	O
.	O
0	O
±	O
50	O
.	O
0	O
vs	O
20	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
24	O
.	O
0	O
μg	O
/	O
mL	O
;	O
P	O
=.	O
0289	O
)	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
success	O
group	O
.	O

Noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
failure	O
was	O
correlated	O
to	O
the	O
plasma	B-PRGE
NT	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
proBNP	I-PRGE
levels	O
at	O
RICU	O
admission	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
0326	O
)	O
with	O
an	O
odds	O
ratio	O
of	O
12	O
.	O
2	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
to	O
infinity	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
abnormally	O
high	O
values	O
(>	O
900	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
).	O

Lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
with	O
high	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
and	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
and	O
early	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
improve	O
survival	O
rate	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Guided	O
by	O
crystal	O
structures	O
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RT	O
/	O
DAPY	O
complex	O
and	O
molecular	O
modeling	O
studies	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
novel	O
DAPY	O
derivatives	O
were	O
rationally	O
designed	O
,	O
synthesized	O
and	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-DISO
activities	O
.	O

Preliminary	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
molecular	O
modeling	O
of	O
these	O
new	O
analogues	O
were	O
also	O
discussed	O
in	O
detail	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Th2	O
-	O
type	O
inflammation	B-DISO
under	O
conditions	O
of	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
liver	B-ANAT
damage	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
H7N9	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Most	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
avian	B-SPEC
H7N9	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
develop	O
severe	O
disease	O
,	O
including	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
their	O
fatal	B-DISO
outcomes	I-DISO
and	O
critically	O
severe	O
illness	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
TNF	O
)-	O
α	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
2C	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
clade	O
and	O
is	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
Tylonycteris	B-PRGE
bat	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
HKU4	I-PRGE
and	O
Pipistrellus	B-PRGE
bat	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
HKU5	I-PRGE
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
reports	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
cases	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
,	O
seven	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
also	O
isolated	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
by	O
other	O
laboratories	O
.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
provide	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
on	O
human	B-SPEC
nAbs	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
that	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
clearance	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

Despite	O
establishing	O
a	O
systemic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
SNV	O
differentially	O
activated	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
exclusively	O
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelium	B-ANAT
,	O
potentially	O
the	O
mechanism	O
leading	O
to	O
acute	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
4	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
27	O
inhibited	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
both	O
pseudotyped	O
and	O
live	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
with	O
IC50	O
(	O
half	O
-	O
maximal	O
inhibitory	O
concentration	O
)	O
at	O
nanomolar	O
concentrations	O
.	O

Consensus	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
sequences	O
were	O
the	O
same	O
with	O
either	O
template	O
source	O
and	O
identical	O
to	O
published	O
human	B-PRGE
MERS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
sequences	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
IC	O
activity	O
represents	O
a	O
new	O
determinant	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recently	O
discovered	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
continues	O
to	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
exceptionally	O
high	O
neutralization	O
activity	O
of	O
these	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
especially	O
m336	O
suggests	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
great	O
potential	O
for	O
prophylaxis	O
and	O
therapy	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccine	O
immunogens	O
.	O

It	O
therefore	O
may	O
have	O
great	O
potential	O
as	O
a	O
candidate	O
therapeutic	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
reagent	B-CHED
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
rate	O
was	O
53	O
%	O
(	O
81	O
/	O
154	O
)	O
for	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
68	O
%	O
(	O
105	O
/	O
154	O
)	O
for	O
sputum	B-ANAT
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

To	O
address	O
this	O
deficiency	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
real	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
TaqMan	O
assays	O
were	O
developed	O
to	O
measure	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
fifteen	O
immune	O
mediators	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
(	O
IFNα	O
,	O
IFNβ	O
,	O
IFNγ	O
,	O
IL1α	O
,	O
IL1β	O
,	O
IL2	B-PRGE
,	O
IL4	B-PRGE
,	O
IL6	B-PRGE
,	O
IL8	B-PRGE
,	O
IL10	B-PRGE
,	O
IL12p40	B-PRGE
,	O
IL17	B-PRGE
,	O
Granzyme	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
,	O
MCP1	B-PRGE
,	O
TNFα	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
four	O
endogenous	O
housekeeping	O
genes	O
(	O
ATF4	B-PRGE
,	O
HPRT	B-FUNC
,	O
GAPDH	B-PRGE
,	O
L32	B-PRGE
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
in	O
Guangzhou	O
:	O
a	O
three	O
-	O
year	O
study	O
.	O

Structural	O
overlays	O
were	O
performed	O
with	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
and	O
PFV	B-CHED
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
to	O
propose	O
the	O
RDS1643	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
in	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
.	O
Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
this	O
approach	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
establish	O
PFV	B-CHED
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
model	O
system	O
for	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
identify	O
putative	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
binding	B-FUNC
sites	O
in	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
T	O
-	O
tube	O
drainage	B-ANAT
and	O
intercostals	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
flap	B-ANAT
reinforcement	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
intrathoracic	O
esophago	O
-	O
gastric	O
anastomotic	B-DISO
leakage	I-DISO
with	O
pyothorax	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Isolation	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
from	O
clinical	O
material	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
requires	O
supplementation	O
of	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
.	O

This	O
may	O
relate	O
to	O
the	O
confinement	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
natural	O
infection	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
protease	O
-	O
rich	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
new	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
protease	O
-	O
dependent	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
study	O
of	O
early	O
use	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
observe	O
the	O
clinical	O
effects	O
of	O
early	O
use	O
of	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
(	O
NMBA	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

96	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
admitted	O
from	O
July	O
2012	O
to	O
September	O
2013	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
of	O
Liuzhou	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
in	O
Guangxi	O
Zhuang	O
Autonomous	O
Region	O
were	O
enrolled	O
and	O
divided	O
into	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
48	O
)	O
and	O
moderate	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
48	O
)	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
statistically	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
APACHEII	O
score	O
,	O
SOFA	O
score	O
,	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
,	O
ScvO2	O
,	O
Lac	B-PRGE
and	O
CRP	B-PRGE
before	O
treatment	O
between	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
OI	O
),	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PIP	B-CHED
),	O
plat	O
pressure	O
(	O
Pplat	O
)	O
and	O
central	O
venous	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
CVP	B-PROC
)	O
were	O
markedly	O
elevated	O
(	O
OI	O
:	O
324	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
117	O
.	O
2	O
mmHg	O
vs	O
.	O
173	O
.	O
4	O
±	O
95	O
.	O
8	O
mmHg	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
5	O
.	O
913	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
;	O
PIP	B-CHED
:	O
34	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
9	O
.	O
1	O
cmH2O	O
vs	O
.	O
26	O
.	O
1	O
±	O
7	O
.	O
9	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
222	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
;	O
Pplat	O
:	O
30	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
8	O
.	O
4	O
cmH2O	O
vs	O
.	O
22	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
7	O
.	O
1	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
465	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
;	O
CVP	B-PROC
:	O
12	O
.	O
1	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
mmHg	O
vs	O
.	O
8	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
mmHg	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
723	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
)	O
when	O
PEEP	B-CHED
was	O
increased	O
from	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
4	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
cmH2O	O
to	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
cmH2O	O
(	O
1	O
cmH2O	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
098	O
kPa	O
).	O

18	O
patients	O
with	O
BHI	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
at	O
baseline	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
vasomotor	O
reactivity	O
was	O
poor	O
.	O

BHI	O
was	O
slightly	O
decreased	O
with	O
increase	O
in	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
0	O
.	O
78	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
16	O
vs	O
.	O
0	O
.	O
86	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
19	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
905	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
061	O
).	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
The	O
areas	O
under	O
the	O
ROC	O
curve	O
of	O
0	O
h	O
blood	B-ANAT
lactate	B-CHED
,	O
6	O
h	O
lactate	B-CHED
clearance	O
rate	O
and	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
for	O
predicting	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
0	O
.	O
699	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
083	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
567	O
∼	O
0	O
.	O
892	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
871	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
119	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
724	O
∼	O
0	O
.	O
980	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
836	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
063	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
713	O
∼	O
0	O
.	O
958	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
.	O

In	O
multivariable	O
analysis	O
,	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
independently	O
associated	O
only	O
with	O
length	O
of	O
ICU	O
admission	O
[	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
intervals	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
)	O
1	O
.	O
36	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
14	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
61	O
)].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
Malaria	B-PATH
Complicated	O
by	O
Symmetrical	O
Peripheral	B-DISO
Gangrene	I-DISO
,	O
Bowel	B-DISO
Ischemia	I-DISO
,	O
Repeated	O
Candidemia	O
,	O
and	O
Bacteraemia	B-DISO
.	O

Predictors	O
of	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
varied	O
between	O
GA	O
groups	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
communication	O
describes	O
the	O
coinfection	B-DISO
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
panleukopenia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FPV	B-SPEC
),	O
feline	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
FeHV	O
-	O
1	O
),	O
feline	B-SPEC
calicivirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FCV	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
1	O
year	O
‑	O
old	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cat	I-SPEC
living	O
in	O
a	O
feline	B-SPEC
shelter	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Twenty	O
-	O
two	O
flocks	O
of	O
turkeys	O
affected	O
by	O
enteric	O
problems	O
,	O
with	O
ages	O
between	O
10	O
and	O
104	O
days	O
and	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
Southern	O
region	O
of	O
Brazil	O
,	O
were	O
surveyed	O
for	O
turkey	B-SPEC
by	O
PCR	O
for	O
turkey	B-SPEC
astrovirus	I-SPEC
type	O
2	O
(	O
TAstV	O
-	O
2	O
),	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TCoV	O
),	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
enteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
HEV	B-SPEC
),	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
spp	B-ENZY
.,	O
and	O
Lawsonia	B-SPEC
intracellularis	I-SPEC
(	O
Li	B-SPEC
)	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Six	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
Salmonella	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
49	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Japanese	O
man	B-CHED
,	O
who	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
hospital	O
because	O
of	O
severe	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
was	O
assumed	O
that	O
severely	O
low	O
serum	B-COMP
folate	B-CHED
might	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
his	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
,	O
probably	O
caused	O
by	O
habitual	O
alcohol	O
consumption	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
a	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
variant	O
,	O
strain	O
SHQP	O
/	O
YM	O
/	O
2013	O
,	O
from	O
China	O
was	O
determined	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
other	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genome	O
was	O
28	O
,	O
038	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
(	O
nt	O
)	O
in	O
length	O
without	O
the	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tail	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
other	O
reported	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
characteristic	O
gene	O
order	B-SPEC
5	O
'-	O
replicase	B-PRGE
(	O
1a	O
/	O
1b	O
)	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
ORF3	O
-	O
E	O
-	O
M	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
3	O
'.	O

Nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
analysis	O
based	O
on	O
individual	O
virus	B-SPEC
genes	O
indicated	O
a	O
close	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
S	O
gene	O
of	O
SHQP	O
/	O
YM	O
/	O
2013	O
and	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
Korean	O
field	O
strains	O
from	O
2008	O
-	O
2009	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
NIV	O
success	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
63	O
),	O
33	O
patients	O
(	O
53	O
%)	O
experienced	O
a	O
delayed	O
response	O
to	O
NIV	O
(	O
with	O
persistent	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
first	O
6	O
hours	O
).	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
a	O
broad	O
panel	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
including	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBoV	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
children	O
under	O
24	O
months	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

Including	O
the	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
RV	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
;	O
30	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
[	O
H1N1	O
]	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
;	O
18	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
AdV	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
;	O
18	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
RSV	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
;	O
12	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
and	O
PIV	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
;	O
9	O
%),	O
however	O
HBoV	O
and	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
were	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
concluded	O
that	O
viral	O
etiology	O
should	O
be	O
investigated	O
in	O
selected	O
cases	O
to	O
prevent	O
unnecessary	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
and	O
to	O
initiate	O
appropriate	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
when	O
necessary	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
cystic	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viral	O
infections	O
precipitate	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
chronic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
though	O
similar	O
data	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
cystic	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
(	O
CF	O
)	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
are	O
missing	O
.	O

Time	O
-	O
sequenced	O
cohort	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
viral	O
-	O
bacterial	O
interactions	O
in	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
stabilize	O
the	O
segment	O
of	O
paradoxical	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
movement	B-PROC
we	O
performed	O
the	O
Nuss	O
operation	O
on	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
myeloma	I-DISO
who	O
sustained	O
blunt	O
thoracic	B-DISO
trauma	O
.	O

The	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
spine	B-COMP
is	O
common	O
,	O
with	O
clinical	O
features	O
ranging	O
from	O
simple	O
changes	O
in	O
spinal	O
morphology	O
"("""	O
fish	B-SPEC
-	O
mouth	B-ANAT
""""	O
appearance	O
)	O
up	O
to	O
vertebral	B-ANAT
bodies	O
fractures	O
with	O
kyphotic	O
deformity	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
young	O
man	B-CHED
affected	O
by	O
multiple	O
pathological	O
symptomatic	O
vertebral	B-ANAT
fractures	O
at	O
the	O
thoraco	O
-	O
lumbar	B-ANAT
junction	O
,	O
secondary	O
to	O
a	O
well	O
controlled	O
but	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hospital	O
-	O
associated	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
a	O
serologic	O
,	O
epidemiologic	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
description	O
.	O

Novel	O
serologic	O
tests	O
allowed	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
otherwise	O
unrecognized	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
among	O
contacts	O
in	O
a	O
Jordanian	O
hospital	O
-	O
associated	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
outbreak	O
in	O
April	O
2012	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
9	O
test	O
-	O
positive	O
cases	O
.	O

We	O
infected	O
importin	O
-	O
α7	O
gene	O
-	O
deficient	O
(	O
α7	O
(-/-))	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
recombinant	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	O
and	O
compared	O
the	O
in	O
vivo	O
viral	O
kinetics	O
with	O
those	O
in	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
WT	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
these	O
data	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
factor	O
,	O
importin	O
-	O
α7	O
,	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
enhanced	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
elevated	O
cytokine	O
and	O
chemokine	O
levels	O
,	O
extensive	O
mononuclear	O
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
thus	O
,	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
enhanced	O
virulence	B-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

SIRS	B-DISO
was	O
considered	O
positive	O
if	O
patients	O
had	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
temperature	O
of	O
>	O
38ºC	O
or	O
<	O
36ºC	O
;	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
>	O
90	O
beats	O
/	O
min	O
;	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
>	O
20	O
/	O
min	O
or	O
PaCO2	O
<	O
32	O
mmHg	O
or	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
;	O
WBC	B-ANAT
>	O
12000	O
/	O
mm	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
or	O
<	O
4000	O
/	O
mm	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
or	O
more	O
than	O
10	O
%	O
immature	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
count	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Toxic	O
epidermal	O
necrolysis	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
TEN	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
severe	O
cutaneous	O
adverse	O
drug	O
reaction	O
that	O
involves	O
skin	B-ANAT
and	O
mucous	B-ANAT
membranes	I-ANAT
.	O

Especially	O
,	O
for	O
inactivation	B-DISO
effect	O
and	O
curative	O
effect	O
,	O
compounds	O
4a	O
,	O
6a	O
,	O
7a	O
,	O
11a	O
,	O
14a	O
,	O
and	O
14b	O
showed	O
higher	O
activity	O
at	O
both	O
concentrations	O
(	O
500	O
μg	O
mL	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
100	O
μg	O
mL	O
(-	O
1	O
))	O
than	O
commercial	O
Ningnanmycin	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
confirmed	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
were	O
investigated	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
load	O
and	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
.	O

The	O
genome	O
yield	O
from	O
tracheal	O
aspirates	B-ANAT
and	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
samples	O
were	O
similar	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
1174	O
).	O

The	O
genome	O
yield	O
from	O
tracheal	O
aspirates	B-ANAT
and	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
samples	O
were	O
similar	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
1174	O
).	O

After	O
a	O
half	O
century	O
,	O
FIP	B-DISO
remains	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
last	O
important	O
infections	B-DISO
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
for	O
which	O
we	O
have	O
no	O
single	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
,	O
no	O
vaccine	O
and	O
no	O
definitive	O
explanations	O
for	O
how	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
host	B-COMP
interact	O
to	O
cause	O
disease	O
.	O

Although	O
much	O
has	O
been	O
learned	B-PROC
about	O
FIP	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
last	O
5	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
ultimate	O
answers	O
remain	O
for	O
yet	O
more	O
studies	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
these	O
compounds	O
also	O
inhibit	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Outbreaks	O
of	O
emerging	O
infections	B-DISO
present	O
health	O
professionals	O
with	O
the	O
unique	O
challenge	O
of	O
trying	O
to	O
select	O
appropriate	O
pharmacologic	O
treatments	O
in	O
the	O
clinic	O
with	O
little	O
time	O
available	O
for	O
drug	O
testing	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

Selection	O
of	O
compounds	O
for	O
inclusion	O
in	O
the	O
library	O
was	O
dependent	O
on	O
current	O
or	O
previous	O
FDA	O
approval	O
or	O
advanced	O
clinical	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
comprise	O
a	O
large	O
group	O
of	O
emergent	O
human	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
strains	O
that	O
cause	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
infected	O
individuals	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
elderly	O
.	O

Using	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
model	O
,	O
dynamic	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
network	I-PROC
changes	O
and	O
disease	O
-	O
associated	O
phenotypes	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
different	O
genetic	O
backgrounds	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
promise	O
of	O
population	O
-	O
wide	O
discovery	O
of	O
the	O
underpinnings	O
of	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
dynamics	O
that	O
underlie	O
transplanted	B-ANAT
NPC	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
remyelination	B-PROC
have	O
not	O
been	O
described	O
.	O

A	O
strong	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
generated	O
against	O
the	O
spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
completely	O
protective	O
in	O
the	O
susceptible	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
severe	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
.	O

While	O
successful	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
overcome	O
individual	O
ISG	O
effectors	O
,	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
ISG	O
response	O
and	O
subsequent	O
viral	O
antagonism	O
has	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
examined	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
revealed	O
that	O
highly	O
virulent	O
HPAI	B-FUNC
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
induce	O
repressive	O
histone	O
modifications	O
,	O
which	O
downregulate	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
ISG	O
subsets	O
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
influenza	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
NS1	B-DISO
appears	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
central	O
role	O
in	O
this	O
histone	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
downregulation	B-PROC
in	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
influenza	B-DISO
strains	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
were	O
subsequently	O
confirmed	O
and	O
explored	O
,	O
revealing	O
both	O
a	O
common	O
pathway	B-PROC
of	O
antagonism	O
via	O
type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
delay	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
avenue	O
for	O
control	O
by	O
altered	O
histone	B-PROC
modification	I-PROC
.	O

Tailoring	O
tidal	O
volume	O
on	O
residual	B-PROC
functional	I-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
preferable	O
.	O

In	O
case	O
of	O
unchanged	O
conditions	O
or	O
increased	O
ARDS	B-DISO
severity	O
a	O
referral	O
center	O
should	O
be	O
contacted	O
.	O

The	O
injury	O
severity	O
score	O
was	O
51	O
for	O
his	O
pattern	O
of	O
injuries	O
(	O
hemopneumothorax	B-DISO
left	O
,	O
sternum	B-ANAT
fracture	O
,	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
right	O
,	O
pneumomediastinum	B-DISO
,	O
intracerebral	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
scalping	B-ANAT
injury	O
occipital	B-ANAT
,	O
fracture	O
of	O
the	O
ninth	B-ANAT
thoracic	I-ANAT
vertebral	I-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
complete	O
paraplegia	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
related	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
pathogen	O
that	O
causes	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
RT	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
binding	B-FUNC
pocket	O
strongly	O
affected	O
RNase	O
H	O
inhibition	B-PROC
by	O
the	O
propenone	O
derivatives	O
without	O
decreasing	O
their	O
capacity	O
to	O
inhibit	O
DP	O
activity	O
,	O
which	O
suggests	O
long	O
-	O
range	O
RT	O
structural	O
effects	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
aforementioned	O
techniques	O
along	O
with	O
Northern	O
blot	O
assay	O
,	O
we	O
specifically	O
defined	O
the	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
RNA	O
elements	O
within	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
terminal	O
55	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
(	O
nts	B-ANAT
)	O
which	O
function	O
in	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
(-)-	O
or	O
(+)-	O
strand	O
BCoV	O
DI	O
RNA	O
.	O

The	O
major	O
findings	O
are	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
nts	B-ANAT
from	O
-	O
5	O
to	O
-	O
39	O
within	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
terminal	O
55	O
nts	B-ANAT
are	O
the	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
elements	O
responsible	O
for	O
(-)-	O
strand	O
BCoV	O
DI	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
nts	B-ANAT
from	O
-	O
3	O
to	O
-	O
34	O
within	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
terminal	O
55	O
nts	B-ANAT
are	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
elements	O
required	O
for	O
(+)-	O
strand	O
BCoV	O
DI	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
species	B-SPEC
at	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
most	O
position	O
(-	O
1	O
)	O
is	O
important	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
critical	O
,	O
for	O
both	O
(-)-	O
and	O
(+)-	O
strand	O
BCoV	O
DI	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
terminal	O
55	O
nts	B-ANAT
in	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
DI	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
harbor	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
RNA	O
elements	O
required	O
for	O
both	O
(-)-	O
and	O
(+)-	O
strand	O
DI	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
extend	O
our	O
knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

We	O
applied	O
latent	O
class	B-SPEC
modelling	O
to	O
identify	O
subphenotypes	O
using	O
clinical	O
and	O
biological	O
data	O
.	O

In	O
both	O
cohorts	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
a	O
hyperinflammatory	O
subphenotype	O
(	O
phenotype	O
2	O
)	O
that	O
was	O
characterised	O
by	O
higher	O
plasma	B-ANAT
concentrations	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
biomarkers	O
,	O
a	O
higher	O
prevalence	O
of	O
vasopressor	O
use	O
,	O
lower	O
serum	B-COMP
bicarbonate	B-CHED
concentrations	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
higher	O
prevalence	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
than	O
phenotype	O
1	O
.	O

Mutagenesis	B-PROC
of	O
residues	O
within	O
this	O
ridge	O
region	O
revealed	O
that	O
these	O
mutants	O
retain	O
viral	O
protease	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
catalyze	O
hydrolysis	O
of	O
mono	B-DISO
-	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
identification	O
of	O
key	O
and	O
unique	O
sites	O
in	O
PLpro	O
required	O
for	O
recognition	O
and	O
processing	O
of	O
diubiquitin	B-PRGE
and	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
versus	O
mono	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ubiquitin	B-PROC
and	O
protease	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
provides	O
new	O
insight	O
into	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
-	O
chain	O
and	O
ISG15	O
recognition	O
and	O
highlights	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
PLpro	B-PRGE
DUB	I-PRGE
and	O
deISGylase	O
activity	O
in	O
antagonism	O
of	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

With	O
this	O
in	O
mind	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
need	O
to	O
incorporate	O
better	O
and	O
more	O
suitable	O
adjuvants	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
vaccines	O
to	O
elicit	O
the	O
elevated	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
with	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
after	O
exposure	O
to	O
infected	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
whole	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
15	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
camel	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
virus	B-SPEC
sequence	O
yielded	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphism	B-PROC
signatures	O
suggestive	O
of	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

Camels	B-SPEC
may	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
direct	O
source	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Salvage	O
of	O
severe	O
ischemic	O
lower	B-ANAT
limb	I-ANAT
having	O
peak	O
creatine	B-CHED
phosphokinase	O
level	O
exceeding	O
200	O
,	O
000	O
IU	O
/	O
L	O
treated	O
by	O
continuous	O
hemodiafiltration	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
performed	O
revascularization	O
by	O
an	O
anti	O
-	O
anatomical	O
bypass	O
in	O
a	O
40	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	O
with	O
extended	O
ischemia	B-DISO
of	O
both	O
legs	B-ANAT
beyond	O
12	O
hr	O
after	O
onset	O
because	O
of	O
traumatic	O
aortic	B-DISO
dissection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fever	B-PROC
screening	O
of	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
patients	O
using	O
a	O
cost	O
-	O
effective	O
thermopile	O
array	O
with	O
small	O
pixels	O
for	O
close	O
-	O
range	O
thermometry	O
.	O

Retinal	B-DISO
degeneration	I-DISO
resistant	O
CD	O
-	O
1	O
mice	B-SPEC
do	O
not	O
develop	O
either	O
the	O
late	O
phase	O
or	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
reactivity	O
.	O

Two	O
clones	O
were	O
identified	O
,	O
villin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
α	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
fodrin	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
rhinolophid	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
Japan	O
.	O

We	O
then	O
used	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
PCR	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
-	O
dependent	O
RNA	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
in	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
27	O
little	B-SPEC
Japanese	I-SPEC
horseshoe	I-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
and	O
found	O
eight	O
were	O
provisionally	O
positive	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
these	O
six	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
they	O
belonged	O
to	O
the	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
Betacornavirus	O
by	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
.	O

We	O
postulate	O
that	O
the	O
higher	O
-	O
order	B-SPEC
structure	O
promotes	O
(+)-	O
strand	O
synthesis	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
suggest	O
that	O
these	O
results	O
have	O
implications	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
genome	I-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
explain	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
why	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
sgmRNAs	O
fail	O
to	O
replicate	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
enteropathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
causes	O
lethal	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
piglets	O
and	O
results	O
in	O
large	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
many	O
Asian	O
and	O
European	O
countries	O
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
inhibits	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
viral	B-PRGE
papain	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
an	O
IFN	B-PRGE
antagonist	B-PROC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
screened	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
16671	O
diverse	O
compounds	O
for	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
activity	O
and	O
identified	O
an	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
designated	O
K22	O
,	O
that	O
specifically	O
targets	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
bound	O
coronaviral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
initiate	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
many	O
coronaviruses	O
use	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
,	O
either	O
as	O
receptor	O
determinants	O
or	O
as	O
attachment	O
factors	O
helping	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
find	O
its	O
receptor	O
underneath	O
the	O
heavily	O
glycosylated	O
mucus	B-COMP
layer	I-COMP
.	O

Among	O
patients	O
with	O
normal	O
daytime	O
SpO2	O
,	O
35	O
%	O
had	O
nocturnal	O
and	O
42	O
%	O
postexercise	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

Median	O
percentage	O
of	O
the	O
predicted	O
distance	O
covered	O
during	O
a	O
6	O
-	O
minute	O
walk	O
test	O
was	O
86	O
%	O
[	O
46	O
-	O
120	O
];	O
the	O
distance	O
was	O
negatively	O
associated	O
with	O
LDH	B-PRGE
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
044	O
)	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
past	O
history	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
009	O
).	O

She	O
developed	O
obstructive	B-DISO
uropathy	I-DISO
and	O
bilateral	B-DISO
hydronephrosis	I-DISO
from	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
debris	O
and	O
sludge	B-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
ureteral	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
and	O
perforation	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
described	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
several	O
investigators	O
provided	O
novel	O
evidence	O
that	O
the	O
primary	O
mechanism	O
for	O
removal	O
of	O
alveolar	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
fluid	O
depended	O
on	O
active	B-PROC
ion	I-PROC
transport	I-PROC
across	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
.	O

Compounds	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
6	O
)	O
displayed	O
significant	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
with	O
IC50	O
values	O
in	O
the	O
range	O
15	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
70	O
.	O
1	O
µM	O
.	O
The	O
new	O
cinnamic	O
amide	B-CHED
6	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
most	O
potent	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
with	O
an	O
IC50	O
of	O
15	O
.	O
8	O
µM	O
.	O
In	O
kinetic	O
studies	O
,	O
all	O
inhibitors	O
exhibited	O
mixed	O
type	O
inhibition	B-PROC
.	O

Multiple	O
sequence	O
alignment	O
(	O
MSA	B-DISO
)	O
approach	O
was	O
employed	O
among	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
),	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
),	O
enveloped	O
(	O
E	O
)	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	O
1ab	O
to	O
identify	O
which	O
one	O
is	O
highly	O
conserve	O
in	O
all	O
coronaviruses	O
strains	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
conserved	O
region	O
is	O
present	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
RNA	O
directed	O
RNA	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
activin	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
causes	O
similar	O
histopathological	O
changes	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Interleukin	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
),	O
which	O
in	O
experimental	O
studies	O
increases	O
after	O
activin	B-PROC
A	O
release	B-PATH
,	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
have	O
used	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
evaluate	O
their	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
Spike	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Fluorescence	O
microscopy	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
were	O
utilized	O
to	O
assess	O
occurrence	O
and	O
consequences	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
show	O
here	O
that	O
anti	O
-	O
Spike	O
immune	O
serum	B-COMP
increased	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
human	B-SPEC
monocyte	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
derived	I-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
by	O
replication	O
-	O
competent	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Spike	O
-	O
pseudotyped	O
lentiviral	O
particles	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoVpp	O
).	O

Among	O
these	O
SNP	O
,	O
the	O
fFING	O
+	O
428	O
T	O
allele	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
FIP	B-DISO
-	O
resistant	O
allele	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
heterozygous	O
genotypes	O
01C	O
/	O
T	O
and	O
+	O
408C	O
/	O
T	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
FIP	O
-	O
susceptible	O
factors	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
).	O

Publications	O
describing	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
(	O
RCTs	O
)	O
in	O
which	O
investigators	O
have	O
compared	O
prone	O
and	O
supine	O
ventilation	O
were	O
retrieved	O
by	O
searching	O
the	O
following	O
electronic	O
databases	O
:	O
PubMed	O
/	O
MEDLINE	O
,	O
the	O
Cochrane	O
Library	O
,	O
the	O
Web	B-DISO
of	O
Science	O
and	O
Elsevier	O
Science	O
(	O
inception	O
to	O
May	O
2013	O
).	O

PP	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
reduce	O
both	O
60	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
518	O
,	O
RR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
82	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
68	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
and	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
516	O
,	O
RR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
57	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
43	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
75	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
ventilated	O
with	O
PEEP	B-CHED
≥	O
10	O
cmH2O	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
is	O
caused	O
by	O
an	O
unchecked	O
proinflammatory	O
response	O
that	O
results	O
in	O
diffuse	O
and	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
35	O
to	O
45	O
%.	O

Mesenchymal	O
stromal	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
;	O
'	O
adult	O
stem	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
')	O
could	O
represent	O
a	O
promising	O
new	O
therapy	O
for	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
since	O
preclinical	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
may	O
ameliorate	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
outcome	O
will	O
be	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Secondary	O
outcomes	O
will	O
include	O
the	O
four	O
key	O
features	O
of	O
preclinical	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
as	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
American	O
Thoracic	B-DISO
Society	O
consensus	O
conference	O
(	O
histologic	O
evidence	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
altered	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
capillary	B-ANAT
barrier	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
physiological	O
dysfunction	O
)	O
and	O
pathogen	O
clearance	O
for	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
models	O
that	O
are	O
caused	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
will	O
help	O
translational	B-PROC
scientists	O
and	O
clinical	O
trialists	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
sufficient	O
evidence	O
exists	O
to	O
perform	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
clinical	O
trial	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
flucloxacillin	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
generalized	I-DISO
exanthematous	I-DISO
pustulosis	I-DISO
(	O
AGEP	B-DISO
),	O
with	O
toxic	B-DISO
epidermal	B-ANAT
necrolysis	I-DISO
(	O
TEN	B-DISO
)-	O
like	O
features	O
:	O
does	O
overlap	O
between	O
AGEP	B-DISO
and	O
TEN	B-DISO
exist	O
?	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
of	O
Fut9	B-PRGE
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
examined	O
using	O
the	O
highly	O
neurovirulent	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
JHMV	O
srr7	O
strain	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
Fut9	B-PRGE
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
refractory	O
to	O
the	O
in	O
vivo	O
inoculation	O
of	O
endotoxin	O
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)	O
compared	O
with	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
same	O
peptides	B-CHED
had	O
no	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
on	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
by	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

Immunofluoresence	O
assays	O
indicated	O
that	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
by	O
peptide	B-CHED
H	O
was	O
independent	O
of	O
pAPN	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
27	I-FUNC
is	O
a	O
pleiotropic	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
cytokine	I-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
composed	O
of	O
the	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
27p28	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
EBV	O
-	O
induced	O
gene	O
3	O
.	O

Rather	O
,	O
it	O
limits	O
CNS	B-CHED
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
impairs	O
control	O
of	O
CNS	B-CHED
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
via	O
induction	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
hypothesised	O
that	O
clinical	O
grade	O
hMSCs	O
would	O
reduce	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
would	O
be	O
safe	O
in	O
a	O
sheep	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
MSCs	B-FUNC
were	O
well	O
tolerated	O
and	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
decreased	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
sheep	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
currently	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
leading	O
causes	O
of	O
severe	O
posttransfusion	O
morbidity	O
and	O
acute	O
mortality	O
in	O
countries	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
development	B-PROC
index	O
.	O

Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
by	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
similar	O
frequencies	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
flocks	O
in	O
farms	O
from	O
different	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
,	O
most	O
often	O
in	O
broilers	O
(	O
average	O
54	O
%)	O
compared	O
with	O
breeders	O
(	O
average	O
30	O
.	O
8	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
describe	O
the	O
isolation	O
and	O
sequencing	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
obtained	O
from	O
a	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camel	B-SPEC
and	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
after	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
camels	B-SPEC
that	O
had	O
rhinorrhea	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
US	O
-	O
like	O
strain	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
outbreaks	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
2013	O
-	O
2014	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
transplantation	O
of	O
differentiated	B-PROC
RAE	O
-	O
1	O
(-)	O
allogeneic	O
NPCs	O
into	O
JHMV	O
-	O
infected	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
resulted	O
in	O
enhanced	O
survival	O
,	O
highlighting	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
the	O
NKG2D	B-PRGE
/	O
RAE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
axis	B-SPEC
in	O
allograft	B-PATH
rejection	I-PATH
.	O

Viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
cultured	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
increased	O
RAE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
enhanced	O
NK	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
killing	O
through	O
NKG2D	B-PRGE
recognition	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
and	O
functional	O
characterization	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
papain	B-ENZY
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
malignancies	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Little	O
attention	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
to	O
ARDS	O
in	O
cancer	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
despite	O
their	O
high	O
risk	O
for	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
cancer	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
90	O
%	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
cases	O
are	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
,	O
including	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
due	O
to	O
invasive	O
fungal	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
1	O
,	O
004	O
included	O
patients	O
(	O
86	O
%	O
with	O
hematological	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
and	O
14	O
%	O
with	O
solid	B-DISO
tumors	I-DISO
),	O
444	O
(	O
44	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
had	O
neutropenia	O
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
higher	O
mortality	O
were	O
allogeneic	O
bone	B-ANAT
-	O
marrow	O
transplantation	O
,	O
modified	O
SOFA	O
,	O
NIV	O
failure	O
,	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
invasive	O
fungal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
receptor	O
dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
)	O
was	O
identified	O
and	O
the	O
specific	O
interaction	O
of	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
was	O
determined	O
by	O
crystallography	O
.	O

Modeling	O
of	O
the	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RBD	O
interaction	O
predicted	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
the	O
DPP4s	O
of	O
camel	B-SPEC
,	O
goat	B-SPEC
,	O
cow	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
sheep	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
inability	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
infect	O
commonly	O
used	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
hamster	B-SPEC
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
,	O
indicates	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Strongyloides	B-SPEC
stercoralis	I-SPEC
hyperinfection	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
rare	O
,	O
yet	O
highly	O
fatal	O
disorder	O
.	O

Some	O
in	O
vitro	O
studies	O
have	O
indicated	O
immunological	O
aspects	O
of	O
GAPDH	B-PRGE
function	O
,	O
although	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
definite	O
study	O
discussing	O
the	O
advantage	O
of	O
GAPDH	B-PRGE
as	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
target	O
.	O

In	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
injury	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
accumulation	O
were	O
strongly	O
inhibited	O
by	O
GAPDH	B-PRGE
pre	O
-	O
injection	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
potential	O
of	O
GAPDH	B-PRGE
for	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
triangular	O
framework	O
with	O
a	O
terpyridine	O
and	O
shielded	O
phenanthroline	B-CHED
at	O
its	O
termini	O
constitutes	O
an	O
open	O
/	O
close	O
nanoswitch	O
that	O
is	O
toggled	O
by	O
chemical	O
inputs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
two	O
returning	O
travellers	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
,	O
May	O
2014	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
patients	O
,	O
returning	O
to	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
from	O
pilgrimage	O
in	O
Medina	O
and	O
Mecca	O
,	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
May	O
2014	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
after	O
major	O
and	O
minor	O
surgical	O
operations	O
has	O
been	O
increasingly	O
debated	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
tests	O
revealed	O
hyponatremia	O
linked	O
to	O
syndrome	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
inappropriate	I-DISO
antidiuretic	I-DISO
hormone	I-DISO
secretion	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
fluids	B-ANAT
were	O
restricted	O
,	O
and	O
furosemide	B-CHED
and	O
3	O
%	O
NaCl	B-CHED
treatment	O
was	O
initiated	O
.	O

Cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
examination	O
showed	O
320	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
acute	O
motor	O
-	O
sensorial	O
axonal	B-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
was	O
identified	O
by	O
electromyelography	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
essential	O
function	O
of	O
innate	O
immunity	O
is	O
to	O
distinguish	O
self	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
self	O
and	O
receptors	O
have	O
evolved	O
to	O
specifically	O
recognize	O
viral	B-ANAT
components	I-ANAT
and	O
initiate	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
restrict	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
New	O
viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
myth	O
,	O
fantasy	O
or	O
reality	O
?].	O

The	O
MHV	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
virulence	B-PROC
determinant	O
which	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptors	O
to	O
mediate	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
and	O
facilitate	O
virus	B-SPEC
spread	O
to	O
adjacent	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
also	O
is	O
a	O
molecular	O
mimic	O
of	O
the	O
FcγRII	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

Mutation	O
of	O
the	O
cysteine	O
in	O
position	O
547	O
to	O
alanine	B-CHED
and	O
alanine	B-CHED
replacements	O
at	O
residues	O
581	O
-	O
586	O
was	O
lethal	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
and	O
microbiological	O
investigations	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
admitted	O
at	O
the	O
emergency	O
department	O
of	O
a	O
university	O
hospital	O
.	O

Mean	O
age	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
documented	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
complication	I-DISO
related	O
with	O
IPEX	B-DISO
has	O
not	O
been	O
elucidated	O
exactly	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
4	O
IPEX	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
3	O
of	O
which	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
FOXP3	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
sequenced	O
and	O
RNA	O
analysis	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Previous	O
trials	O
of	O
higher	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
failed	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
mortality	O
benefit	O
,	O
possibly	O
because	O
of	O
differences	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitability	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Changes	O
in	O
compliance	O
and	O
dead	B-PROC
space	O
were	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Annotation	B-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
long	I-PRGE
non	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coding	I-PRGE
RNAs	I-PRGE
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
collaborative	O
cross	O
founder	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
in	O
response	O
to	O
respiratory	O
virus	O
infection	O
reveals	O
a	O
new	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
stimulated	O
transcripts	O
.	O

Sixteen	O
patients	O
(	O
88	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
were	O
discharged	O
and	O
another	O
2	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
remained	O
comatose	B-DISO
in	O
hospital	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Membrane	B-ANAT
rearrangements	O
mediated	O
by	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
3	O
and	O
4	O
.	O

These	O
structures	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
recruit	O
other	O
nsps	O
,	O
were	O
only	O
detected	O
when	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
and	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
were	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
propose	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
and	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
mutants	I-PRGE
,	O
that	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
large	O
luminal	B-CHED
loops	O
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
drives	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
membrane	B-COMP
rearrangements	O
,	O
onto	O
which	O
the	O
coronavirus	O
replication	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
complexes	O
assemble	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Reasons	O
for	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenicity	O
between	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
a	O
predilection	O
for	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
or	O
the	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
are	O
still	O
an	O
open	O
question	O
.	O

As	O
most	O
IBV	O
strains	O
do	O
not	O
infect	O
permanent	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
and	O
show	O
infection	B-DISO
only	O
in	O
primary	O
chicken	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
target	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
culture	O
system	O
for	O
chicken	B-SPEC
oviduct	B-ANAT
explants	O
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
were	O
alive	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
good	O
immunovirological	O
profile	O
and	O
they	O
went	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
their	O
previous	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
.	O

The	O
seroprevalence	O
of	O
FeLV	O
and	O
FIV	B-SPEC
were	O
8	O
%	O
and	O
8	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Case	O
responders	O
should	O
be	O
prepared	O
for	O
mass	O
treatment	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
should	O
implement	O
protocols	O
to	O
prevent	O
transmission	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
or	O
zoonotic	O
infections	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
and	O
when	O
transferring	O
the	O
rescued	O
cats	B-SPEC
to	O
other	O
shelters	O
or	O
to	O
adopters	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
influenza	O
H1N1	O
epidemics	O
in	O
2009	O
led	O
a	O
substantial	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
to	O
develop	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

We	O
included	O
RCTs	O
of	O
pharmacologic	O
therapies	O
compared	O
with	O
placebo	O
or	O
no	O
therapy	O
for	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
using	O
authors	O
'	O
definitions	O
,	O
which	O
reported	O
on	O
mortality	O
(≤	O
3	O
months	O
after	O
randomization	O
).	O

Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
of	O
older	O
trials	O
of	O
prostaglandin	B-CHED
E1	I-CHED
also	O
showed	O
no	O
effect	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
a	O
time	O
course	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
SOCS3	B-PRGE
level	O
was	O
increased	O
remarkably	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
of	O
BALB	O
/	O
cJ	O
mice	B-SPEC
at	O
72	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
Pneumocystis	B-SPEC
jirovecii	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
2010	O
-	O
2013	O
):	O
the	O
first	O
Croatian	O
report	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
herpesvirus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
an	O
Indonesian	O
pteropodid	O
bat	B-ENZY
.	O

Genome	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Simplexvirus	I-SPEC
within	O
the	O
subfamily	B-SPEC
Alphaherpesvirinae	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
also	O
includes	O
common	O
human	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
and	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
study	O
on	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
across	O
multiple	O
provinces	O
and	O
seasons	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
previously	O
reported	O
from	O
China	O
.	O

Influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
were	O
the	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
ALRIs	O
in	O
adults	O
and	O
elderly	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
present	O
the	O
3	O
-	O
year	O
experience	O
of	O
using	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
single	O
centre	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Overall	O
,	O
31	O
patients	O
(	O
mean	O
age	O
,	O
42	O
.	O
2	O
years	O
,	O
standard	O
deviation	O
,	O
14	O
.	O
1	O
years	O
;	O
21	O
males	O
)	O
received	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
imaging	O
and	O
findings	O
in	O
two	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
from	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
imaging	O
may	O
assist	O
in	O
the	O
efficient	O
allocation	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
from	O
viral	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
especially	O
in	O
resource	O
scarce	O
settings	O
or	O
situations	O
such	O
as	O
future	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
outbreaks	O
or	O
pandemics	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
IN	O
BOTH	B-PRGE
PATIENTS	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
CHARACTERISTIC	I-PRGE
LUNG	I-PRGE
ULTRASOUND	I-PRGE
FINDINGS	I-PRGE
HAVE	I-PRGE
BEEN	I-PRGE
OBSERVED	I-PRGE
AS	I-PRGE
PREVIOUSLY	I-PRGE
DESCRIBED	I-PRGE
IN	I-PRGE
VIRAL	I-PRGE
PULMONARY	B-DISO
INFECTIONS	I-DISO
:	O
subpleural	O
consolidations	O
associated	O
or	O
not	O
with	O
local	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Programmed	O
-	O
1	O
ribosomal	O
frameshifting	O
(-	O
1PRF	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
mRNA	B-CHED
recoding	O
event	O
utilized	O
by	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
information	O
content	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
and	O
to	O
regulate	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
mechanism	O
of	O
-	O
1PRF	O
and	O
its	O
timing	O
during	O
translation	B-PROC
elongation	I-PROC
are	O
unclear	O
.	O

Frameshifting	O
occurs	O
at	O
a	O
late	O
stage	O
of	O
translocation	B-DISO
when	O
the	O
two	O
tRNAs	O
are	O
bound	O
to	O
adjacent	O
slippery	O
sequence	O
codons	O
of	O
the	O
mRNA	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
downstream	O
pseudoknot	O
in	O
the	O
mRNA	B-CHED
impairs	O
the	O
closing	O
movement	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
30S	B-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
head	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
dissociation	B-DISO
of	O
EF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
tRNA	B-FUNC
from	O
the	O
ribosome	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
with	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Shenzhen	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
epimers	O
,	O
4	O
-[(	O
1S	O
,	O
3R	O
,	O
4R	O
,	O
7R	O
)-	O
7	O
-	O
hydroxy	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
-(	O
hydroxymethyl	B-CHED
)-	O
2	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
dioxabicyclo	O
[	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
]	O
heptan	B-CHED
-	O
3	O
-	O
yl	O
]-	O
3	O
-	O
oxo	B-CHED
-	O
3	O
,	O
4	O
-	O
dihydropyrazine	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
carboxamide	B-CHED
8a	O
,	O
with	O
high	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
(	O
IC50	O
=	O
7	O
.	O
41	O
,	O
5	O
.	O
63	O
μm	O
for	O
H3N2	B-CHED
and	O
H1N1	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
and	O
remarkable	O
low	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
(	O
TC50	O
>	O
200	O
μm	O
),	O
has	O
great	O
potential	O
for	O
further	O
development	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
novel	O
anti	O
-	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
agent	O
.	O

The	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
strains	O
were	O
identical	O
or	O
almost	O
identical	O
(	O
one	O
synonymous	O
single	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphism	B-PROC
(	O
SNP	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
ORF1a	O
/	O
1b	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
).	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
comparative	O
genome	O
analysis	O
of	O
recent	O
Korean	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
and	O
other	O
strains	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
recent	O
Korean	O
strains	O
were	O
almost	O
identical	O
(	O
99	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
US	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
isolated	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O

Other	O
stages	O
including	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
initiation	O
in	O
retroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
nuclear	B-PROC
export	I-PROC
and	O
viral	B-PROC
packaging	I-PROC
are	O
specifically	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
proper	O
3	O
-	O
dimensional	O
folding	O
of	O
multiple	O
RNA	O
domains	O
to	O
recruit	O
necessary	O
viral	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
required	O
for	O
activity	O
.	O

Preliminary	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
feral	O
Australian	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
free	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
but	O
larger	O
confirmatory	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
milk	O
collected	O
according	O
to	O
local	O
customs	O
from	O
33	O
camels	B-SPEC
in	O
Qatar	O
,	O
April	O
2014	O
.	O

Analyses	O
of	O
flight	B-PROC
passenger	O
data	O
from	O
ME	O
countries	O
indicate	O
areas	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
importation	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
regional	O
ventilation	O
was	O
monitored	O
by	O
EIT	O
for	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
ventilation	O
in	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
at	O
bedside	O
with	O
one	O
prominent	O
case	O
of	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
48	O
cases	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
686	O
enrolled	O
patients	O
;	O
12	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
381	O
in	O
whom	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
)	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
demonstrated	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
mainly	O
affect	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
male	O
smokers	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
often	O
affected	O
by	O
previous	O
diseases	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
clinical	O
picture	O
has	O
been	O
nonspecific	O
influenza	B-DISO
symptoms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
Ohio	O
,	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
in	O
early	O
2014	O
,	O
a	O
deltacoronavirus	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
feces	O
and	O
intestine	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrheal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

All	O
tests	O
worked	O
with	O
effusions	B-DISO
,	O
even	O
when	O
only	O
blood	B-ANAT
products	O
were	O
stipulated	O
in	O
the	O
instruction	O
manual	O
.	O

For	O
FCoV	O
screening	O
,	O
speed	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
are	O
important	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
FCoV	O
elimination	B-PROC
antibody	B-COMP
titre	O
is	O
essential	O
.	O

While	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
not	O
yet	O
as	O
contagious	O
as	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
or	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
that	O
started	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
then	O
swept	O
around	O
the	O
globe	B-ANAT
in	O
2003	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
more	O
deadly	O
.	O

The	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
reports	O
that	O
roughly	O
one	O
-	O
quarter	O
of	O
514	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
have	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
and	O
characterized	O
the	O
molecular	O
viral	O
genetics	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Etiology	O
of	O
severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
2013	O
Hajj	O
-	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
surveillance	O
program	O
.	O

Haemophilus	B-SPEC
influenzae	I-SPEC
and	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
were	O
the	O
predominant	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
detected	O
in	O
57	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
53	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
positive	O
samples	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
Moraxella	B-SPEC
catarrhalis	I-SPEC
(	O
36	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

We	O
pause	O
ventilation	O
for	O
20	O
min	O
and	O
determine	O
T	O
at	O
the	O
meniscus	B-SPEC
that	O
is	O
present	O
at	O
the	O
flooded	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
mouth	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Gene	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
patterns	O
in	O
the	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
cortex	I-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
haemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
detected	O
using	O
microarray	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
EF1A	B-PRGE
interacting	O
with	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
virus	O
replication	O
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
interaction	O
was	O
then	O
confirmed	O
by	O
co	O
-	O
precipitation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
thus	O
provides	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
information	O
that	O
should	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
underlying	O
mechanism	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
babesiosis	B-DISO
presenting	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
framework	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
review	O
the	O
recent	O
findings	O
on	O
fluid	O
strategy	O
and	O
edema	B-DISO
clearance	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
possible	O
drawback	O
associated	O
with	O
conservative	O
strategy	O
is	O
the	O
impaired	B-DISO
cognitive	O
function	O
.	O

Beta	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
agonist	B-CHED
therapy	O
does	O
not	O
accelerate	O
edema	B-DISO
clearance	O
and	O
is	O
potentially	O
dangerous	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Techniques	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
compounds	O
:	O
The	O
case	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Sixty	O
-	O
one	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
CIRD	O
and	O
90	O
clinically	O
healthy	O
dogs	B-SPEC
from	O
Southern	O
Germany	O
were	O
prospectively	O
enrolled	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
diffuse	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
opacities	B-DISO
is	O
an	O
unusual	O
manifestation	O
following	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
.	O

No	O
disease	O
recurrence	B-DISO
was	O
observed	O
at	O
the	O
6	O
-	O
month	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

A	O
tidal	O
volume	O
of	O
6	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
or	O
less	O
was	O
targeted	B-PROC
by	O
76	O
%	O
of	O
respondents	O
,	O
and	O
58	O
%	O
targeted	B-PROC
a	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
of	O
6	O
-	O
10	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
while	O
ventilating	O
patients	O
on	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
.	O

Although	O
ventilation	O
practices	O
in	O
patients	O
supported	O
by	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
vary	O
across	O
ELSO	O
centers	O
internationally	O
,	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
centers	O
used	O
a	O
strategy	O
that	O
targeted	B-PROC
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
thresholds	O
and	O
prioritized	O
weaning	B-PROC
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
over	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
in	O
severe	O
asthma	B-PATH
exacerbations	O
and	O
critical	O
asthma	B-PATH
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Samples	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
preserved	O
in	O
our	O
lab	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
specificity	O
of	O
this	O
assay	O
.	O

No	O
cross	B-PROC
reaction	I-PROC
was	O
observed	O
with	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
inflammasome	O
has	O
evolved	O
for	O
this	O
purpose	O
and	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
surveillance	O
system	O
that	O
,	O
when	O
triggered	O
,	O
fights	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
eliminates	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
mouse	B-SPEC
AKAP7	B-PRGE
rapidly	O
degrades	O
2	O
-	O
5A	O
with	O
kinetics	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
[	O
MHV	B-SPEC
])	O
strain	O
A59	B-PRGE
ns2	I-PRGE
and	O
human	B-PRGE
rotavirus	B-SPEC
strain	I-PRGE
WA	I-PRGE
VP3	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

ns2	B-DISO
confers	O
virulence	B-PROC
by	O
cleaving	O
2	O
',	O
5	O
'-	O
oligoadenylate	O
(	O
2	O
-	O
5A	O
)	O
activators	O
of	O
RNase	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

INO	B-PRGE
was	O
given	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
coincidentally	O
it	O
also	O
improved	O
the	O
raised	B-DISO
intracranial	I-DISO
pressure	I-DISO
(	O
ICP	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
neurological	O
outcome	O
.	O

The	O
case	O
report	O
will	O
be	O
followed	O
by	O
literature	O
review	O
on	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
INO	B-PRGE
in	O
raised	O
ICP	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
,	O
ER	O
stress	O
,	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

Activation	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
branches	O
of	O
UPR	O
modulates	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
such	O
as	O
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	I-PRGE
MAP	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
activation	O
,	O
autophagy	B-PROC
,	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
some	O
novel	O
unique	O
clusters	B-CHED
(	O
UNT	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
were	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
S	O
-	O
and	O
N	O
-	O
based	O
phylogenetic	O
trees	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
of	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
reveals	O
unusual	O
,	O
potentially	O
druggable	O
active	O
-	O
site	O
features	O
.	O

To	O
address	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
different	O
repetitive	O
peptides	B-CHED
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
casei	I-SPEC
,	O
specifically	O
the	O
MDP	B-PRGE
and	O
tuftsin	B-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
MT	O
)	O
repeated	O
20	O
and	O
40	O
times	O
(	O
20MT	O
and	O
40MT	O
),	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
also	O
expressing	O
the	O
D	O
antigenic	O
site	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
on	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
confirmed	O
the	O
immunoregulation	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
structural	O
information	O
on	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
is	O
also	O
limited	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
two	O
(	O
p7a	O
and	O
p9b	O
)	O
having	O
their	O
structures	O
determined	O
by	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystallography	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
From	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
2003	O
to	O
H1N1	O
in	O
2009	O
:	O
lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
Taiwan	O
in	O
preparation	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
pandemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
febrile	B-DISO
neutropenia	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
receiving	O
docetaxel	B-CHED
chemotherapy	O
for	O
castration	O
-	O
resistant	O
prostate	O
cancer	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Docetaxel	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
standard	O
therapy	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
castration	O
-	O
resistant	O
prostate	B-PATH
cancer	B-SPEC
(	O
CRPC	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
docetaxel	B-CHED
-	O
associated	O
adverse	O
events	O
(	O
AEs	O
)	O
such	O
as	O
febrile	B-DISO
neutropenia	I-DISO
(	O
FN	O
)	O
can	O
impair	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
and	O
may	O
become	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
.	O

A	O
62	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Caucasian	O
female	O
was	O
admitted	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
and	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
after	O
suffering	B-DISO
two	O
small	O
bites	O
from	O
her	O
dog	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sixty	O
-	O
two	O
strains	O
of	O
avian	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
diseased	O
chickens	B-SPEC
at	O
different	O
farms	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
during	O
2011	O
-	O
2012	O
,	O
and	O
66	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
isolated	O
strains	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
typical	O
nephritis	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
report	O
highlights	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
combining	O
MAT	B-FUNC
and	O
PCR	O
methods	O
in	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
analysis	O
was	O
suggestive	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
pulmonary	B-ANAT
edema	I-DISO
in	O
view	O
of	O
bilateral	O
fluffy	O
opacity	B-DISO
without	O
cardiomegaly	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
(	O
CIE	B-DISO
)	O
develop	O
neurogenic	O
bladder	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
that	O
is	O
comparable	O
with	O
the	O
neurogenic	O
detrusor	B-ANAT
overactivity	O
observed	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

One	O
week	O
after	O
inoculation	O
with	O
the	O
A59	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
became	O
increasingly	O
sensitive	O
to	O
von	O
Frey	O
filament	B-ANAT
testing	O
with	O
responses	O
enhanced	O
by	O
45	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
,	O
P	O
≤	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
vs	O
.	O
baseline	O
at	O
4	O
g	O
);	O
however	O
,	O
this	O
initial	O
increase	O
in	O
sensitivity	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
gradual	O
and	O
significant	O
diminution	O
of	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
sensitivity	O
to	O
mechanical	O
stimulation	O
by	O
4	O
wk	O
postinoculation	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
codon	O
-	O
optimized	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
containing	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
25	O
-	O
738	O
was	O
synthesized	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
multiple	O
alignment	O
of	O
the	O
S	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
field	O
isolates	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
stable	O
porcine	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
constitutively	O
expressing	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
then	O
tested	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
vaccination	O
with	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
to	O
protect	O
piglets	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
direct	O
inhibition	O
of	O
AIF	O
strongly	O
impaired	B-DISO
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

Alteration	O
of	O
cytokines	O
profiles	O
through	O
manipulation	O
of	O
the	O
innate	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
by	O
innate	O
immune	O
stimulants	O
may	O
be	O
helpful	O
in	O
inhibiting	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
otherwise	O
permissive	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
present	O
studies	O
was	O
to	O
characterize	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
capable	O
of	O
inhibiting	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
replication	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
lungs	B-ANAT
after	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
administration	O
of	O
CpG	B-PRGE
ODN	I-PRGE
.	O

Our	O
data	O
showed	O
significant	O
differential	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
(	O
CXCLi2	O
)	O
and	O
MIP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
and	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
being	O
associated	O
with	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
retrieved	O
from	O
embryos	B-ANAT
pre	O
-	O
treated	O
with	O
CpG	B-PRGE
ODN	I-PRGE
.	O

It	O
is	O
expected	O
that	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
innate	O
immune	B-PROC
modulation	I-PROC
of	O
target	O
tissues	B-ANAT
by	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
innate	O
immune	O
stimulants	O
will	O
be	O
helpful	O
in	O
identification	O
of	O
valuable	O
targets	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
,	O
safe	O
,	O
effective	O
and	O
economical	O
control	O
strategies	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
clinical	O
practice	O
,	O
great	O
efforts	O
should	O
be	O
dedicated	O
to	O
improving	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
;	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
innovative	O
molecular	O
technologies	O
,	O
as	O
VIDISCA	O
-	O
454	O
,	O
will	O
certainly	O
help	O
in	O
reducing	O
such	O
""""	O
diagnostic	O
gap	O
.	O

Nasal	O
mucosa	O
as	O
site	O
of	O
vaccine	O
administration	O
can	O
stimulate	O
respiratory	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
by	O
interacting	O
with	O
the	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
-	O
associated	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
(	O
NALT	O
).	O

Some	O
imidazo	O
[	O
4	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
b	O
]	O
pyridines	O
emerged	O
as	O
new	O
derivatives	O
endowed	O
with	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
Vaccinia	B-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
(	O
VV	O
)	O
at	O
concentrations	O
ranging	O
from	O
2	O
to	O
16	O
μM	O
.	O
In	O
particular	O
,	O
compound	O
2b	O
demonstrate	O
to	O
be	O
about	O
10	O
times	O
more	O
potent	O
than	O
Cidofovir	B-CHED
,	O
used	O
as	O
reference	O
drug	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
the	O
imidazo	O
[	O
4	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
c	O
]	O
pyridines	B-CHED
and	O
N	O
-	O
benzylidenequinolinamines	O
derivatives	O
resulted	O
active	O
against	O
Bovine	B-DISO
Viral	I-DISO
Diarrhoea	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
),	O
at	O
concentrations	O
ranging	O
from	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
to	O
28	O
μM	O
.	O
Above	O
all	O
compounds	O
1	O
,	O
3a	O
and	O
3f	O
showed	O
an	O
EC50	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
order	B-SPEC
of	O
magnitude	O
of	O
the	O
reference	O
drug	O
,	O
the	O
2	O
'-	O
C	O
-	O
methyl	B-CHED
-	O
guanosine	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bivalve	B-SPEC
shellfish	O
are	O
at	O
constant	O
risk	O
of	O
being	O
exposed	O
to	O
pathogens	O
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
contamination	O
of	O
the	O
shellfish	O
beds	O
with	O
human	O
or	O
animal	B-SPEC
waste	O
originating	O
from	O
sewage	O
treatment	O
plants	B-SPEC
or	O
slurry	O
fertilized	O
fields	O
.	O

Other	O
zoonotic	O
pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
E	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HEV	B-SPEC
),	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
RV	O
)	O
and	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
from	O
livestock	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
to	O
shellfish	O
via	O
this	O
route	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
investigated	O
from	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
of	O
76	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
64	O
healthy	O
controls	O
using	O
the	O
CLART	O
Pneumovir	O
(	O
Genomica	O
,	O
Spain	O
)	O
kit	B-FUNC
and	O
from	O
10	O
mL	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
same	O
subjects	O
.	O

Parainfluenza	B-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
were	O
found	O
alone	O
or	O
together	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
microorganisms	O
while	O
no	O
cases	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
duplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
detection	O
and	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
virulent	O
and	O
variant	O
strains	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

A	O
new	O
variant	O
strain	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
emerged	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
December	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O

The	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
self	O
-	O
limited	O
in	O
60	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

Manifestations	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
include	O
residual	O
nodules	B-DISO
,	O
chronic	O
cavities	B-DISO
,	O
persistent	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
or	O
without	O
adenopathy	O
,	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
regressive	O
changes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
etiological	O
agent	O
for	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
first	O
emerged	O
10	O
years	O
ago	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
RSV	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
,	O
hRV	O
,	O
or	O
AdV	O
tended	O
to	O
be	O
younger	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
infected	O
with	O
RSV	B-SPEC
A	O
and	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
were	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
older	O
.	O

The	O
lack	O
of	O
assays	O
to	O
easily	O
detect	O
the	O
different	O
steps	O
of	O
entry	O
severely	O
hampers	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
this	O
key	O
process	O
in	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
novel	O
,	O
highly	O
adaptable	O
viral	O
entry	O
assays	O
making	O
use	O
of	O
minimal	O
complementation	O
of	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
coli	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
galactosidase	I-PRGE
in	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Serum	O
albumin	B-PRGE
(	O
OR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
52	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
31	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
87	O
)	O
and	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
score	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
08	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
04	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
13	O
)	O
on	O
admission	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
informative	O
covariates	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
regression	O
model	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
and	O
exploratory	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
overall	O
evidence	O
.	O

We	O
determined	O
the	O
full	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
a	O
CoV	O
directly	O
from	O
fecal	B-ANAT
material	O
obtained	O
from	O
a	O
South	O
African	O
Neoromicia	B-SPEC
capensis	I-SPEC
bat	B-ENZY
(	O
NeoCoV	O
).	O

NeoCoV	O
shared	O
essential	O
details	O
of	O
genome	O
architecture	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Eighty	O
-	O
five	O
percent	O
of	O
the	O
NeoCoV	O
genome	O
was	O
identical	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
at	O
the	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
level	O
.	O

The	O
bat	B-ENZY
virus	B-SPEC
roots	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
tree	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
providing	O
evidence	O
for	O
an	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
that	O
preceded	O
that	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
revised	O
tree	O
suggests	O
that	O
humans	B-SPEC
are	O
infected	O
by	O
camels	B-SPEC
rather	O
than	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
specific	O
drugs	O
for	O
prevention	O
or	O
treatment	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
is	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
stages	O
.	O

Like	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
threatens	O
global	O
health	O
security	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
continues	O
to	O
have	O
significant	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
.	O

The	O
only	O
intervention	O
proven	O
to	O
reduce	O
mortality	O
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
,	O
although	O
such	O
a	O
strategy	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
problematic	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
.	O

Organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
-	O
free	O
days	O
or	O
ICU	O
stay	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
decrease	O
with	O
ECCOvR	O
.	O
Carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
removal	O
was	O
widely	O
demonstrated	O
as	O
feasible	O
,	O
facilitating	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
lower	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Regulation	B-PROC
of	O
coronaviral	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tail	O
length	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
-	O
or	O
host	O
cell	O
-	O
specific	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
whether	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tail	O
length	O
is	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
type	O
independent	O
and	O
whether	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
feature	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
.	O

Modified	O
Vaccinia	B-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
Ankara	O
(	O
MVA	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
a	O
replication	O
-	O
deficient	O
viral	O
vector	O
that	O
holds	O
great	O
promise	O
as	O
a	O
vaccine	O
platform	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Does	O
form	O
meet	O
function	O
in	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replicative	O
organelle	B-COMP
?	O

Two	O
or	O
more	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
39	O
.	O
4	O
per	O
cent	O
of	O
positive	O
submissions	O
,	O
with	O
BoCV	O
and	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
most	O
commonly	O
present	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
partners	O
in	O
detection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
From	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
MERS	O
:	O
crystallographic	O
studies	O
on	O
coronaviral	O
proteases	O
enable	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
design	O
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystallography	O
in	O
structure	O
-	O
assisted	O
drug	O
discovery	O
against	O
these	O
targets	O
is	O
discussed	O
.	O

The	O
paper	O
closes	O
with	O
a	O
brief	O
discussion	O
of	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
discovery	O
of	O
antivirals	B-CHED
in	O
an	O
academic	O
setting	O
.	O

The	O
observed	O
epidemiology	O
is	O
different	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
showed	O
a	O
classic	O
epidemic	O
curve	O
and	O
was	O
over	O
in	O
eight	O
months	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
statistically	O
significant	O
differences	O
between	O
groups	O
in	O
the	O
quantities	O
of	O
FFP	O
,	O
FFP	O
:	O
PRBC	O
,	O
platelets	O
,	O
and	O
crystalloids	O
administered	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
initial	O
diastolic	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
approach	O
on	O
the	O
neonatal	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
very	O
low	O
birth	B-PROC
weight	O
infants	O
with	O
patent	O
ductus	O
arteriosus	O
.	O

Newborns	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
or	O
were	O
transferred	O
until	O
the	O
third	O
day	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
presence	O
of	O
congenital	B-DISO
malformation	I-DISO
or	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
excluded	O
.	O

Apgar	O
score	O
<	O
4	O
,	O
male	O
gender	O
,	O
Score	O
for	O
Neonatal	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
Perinatal	O
Extension	O
(	O
SNAPPE	O
II	O
),	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
RDS	O
),	O
late	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
LS	O
),	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
MV	O
),	O
surfactant	B-CHED
(<	O
2	O
h	O
of	O
life	O
),	O
and	O
time	O
of	O
MV	O
.	O

Theoretical	O
advantages	O
of	O
ECLS	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
include	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
rest	B-FUNC
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
by	O
avoiding	O
injurious	O
mechanical	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
and	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
facilitate	O
early	O
mobilization	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
advantageous	O
for	O
bridging	O
to	O
recovery	O
or	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

The	O
identification	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
intermediate	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
exact	O
route	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
the	O
subsequent	O
prevention	O
of	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
into	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

Sedation	B-DISO
depth	O
was	O
evaluated	O
after	O
48	O
hours	O
of	O
MV	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
age	O
(	O
Odds	O
Ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
)	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
03	O
),	O
Charlson	O
Comorbidity	O
Index	O
>	O
2	O
(	O
OR	O
2	O
.	O
06	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
44	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
94	O
),	O
Simplified	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
Score	O
3	O
(	O
SAPS	O
3	O
)	O
score	O
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
;	O
CI	O
95	O
%,	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
04	O
),	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
44	O
;	O
CI	O
95	O
%,	O
1	O
.	O
09	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
91	O
)	O
and	O
deep	O
sedation	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
2	O
.	O
36	O
;	O
CI	O
95	O
%,	O
1	O
.	O
31	O
to	O
4	O
.	O
25	O
)	O
were	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
maximal	O
superimposed	O
pressure	O
was	O
12	O
±	O
3	O
,	O
12	O
±	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
13	O
±	O
1	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
in	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0533	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
corresponding	O
CT	O
-	O
derived	O
PEEP	B-CHED
of	O
16	O
±	O
5	O
,	O
16	O
±	O
5	O
,	O
and	O
18	O
±	O
5	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
48	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
has	O
been	O
circulating	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
since	O
2012	O
and	O
causing	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
virus	O
was	O
circulating	O
in	O
this	O
farm	O
concurrently	O
with	O
its	O
detection	O
in	O
the	O
camel	B-SPEC
and	O
in	O
the	O
patient	O
,	O
which	O
warrants	O
further	O
investigations	O
for	O
the	O
possible	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Importance	O
:	O
This	O
work	O
clearly	O
highlights	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
continuous	O
surveillance	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
global	O
public	O
threat	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
While	O
current	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
transmission	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
limited	O
,	O
we	O
advise	O
minimal	O
contact	O
with	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
especially	O
for	O
immunocompromised	O
individuals	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
appropriate	O
health	O
,	O
safety	O
,	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
measures	O
when	O
dealing	O
with	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
S1	O
of	O
distinct	O
IBV	B-SPEC
population	O
expressed	B-PROC
from	O
recombinant	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
confers	O
protection	O
against	O
challenge	O
.	O

The	O
highest	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	O
IgA	B-PRGE
)	O
spot	B-SPEC
-	O
forming	O
cell	B-COMP
(	O
SFC	B-COMP
)	O
response	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
Harderian	O
glands	B-ANAT
(	O
HG	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
in	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
and	O
conjunctiva	B-ANAT
-	O
associated	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
,	O
while	O
a	O
limited	O
IgG	B-PRGE
SFC	I-PRGE
response	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
either	O
the	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
or	O
systemic	O
immune	O
compartment	B-ANAT
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
IgA	B-PRGE
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
levels	O
significantly	O
increased	O
over	O
controls	O
3	O
days	O
earlier	O
in	O
tears	B-ANAT
and	O
4	O
days	O
earlier	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
than	O
did	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
lower	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
IgA	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
levels	O
are	O
observed	O
upon	O
secondary	O
exposure	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
vulnerability	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
persistence	O
of	O
the	O
Ark	B-PRGE
serotype	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Periodic	O
monitoring	O
of	O
poultry	O
flocks	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
via	O
molecular	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
has	O
revealed	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
potential	O
enteric	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
in	O
continuous	O
circulation	O
in	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
and	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
subset	O
of	O
sputum	B-ANAT
samples	O
positive	O
for	O
10	O
common	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
a	O
uniplex	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
selected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
memory	B-PROC
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
provide	O
substantial	O
protection	O
from	O
lethal	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Several	O
studies	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
induced	O
by	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
in	O
protecting	O
susceptible	O
hosts	B-COMP
from	O
lethal	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
S	O
)	O
facilitates	O
viral	O
entry	B-PROC
into	I-PROC
host	I-PROC
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
depends	O
on	O
activation	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
S	O
by	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infiltration	O
and	O
runoff	O
from	O
manured	O
agricultural	O
fields	O
can	O
result	O
in	O
livestock	O
pathogens	O
reaching	B-PROC
groundwater	O
and	O
surface	O
waters	O
.	O

Twenty	O
liters	O
of	O
dechlorinated	O
tap	O
water	B-CHED
(	O
pH	O
7	O
)	O
were	O
seeded	O
with	O
the	O
test	O
organisms	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
passed	O
through	O
a	O
glass	O
wool	O
filter	O
using	O
a	O
peristaltic	O
pump	O
(	O
flow	O
rate	O
=	O
1	O
liter	O
min	O
(-	O
1	O
)).	O

Glass	O
wool	O
filtration	O
is	O
a	O
cost	O
-	O
effective	O
method	O
for	O
concentrating	O
several	O
waterborne	O
pathogens	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
origin	O
simultaneously	O
,	O
although	O
recovery	O
may	O
be	O
low	O
for	O
some	O
specific	O
taxa	O
such	O
as	O
bovine	B-SPEC
viral	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
.	O

Results	O
from	O
the	O
simulation	O
analysis	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
relative	O
errors	O
and	O
the	O
standard	O
deviations	O
of	O
the	O
Chen	B-SPEC
[	O
7	O
,	O
8	O
]	O
(	O
method	O
3	O
),	O
Chen	B-SPEC
[	O
9	O
]	O
(	O
method	O
4	O
)	O
were	O
minor	O
with	O
high	O
accuracy	O
.	O

Circulation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
among	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
across	O
broad	O
areas	O
of	O
Africa	O
may	O
indicate	O
that	O
this	O
disease	O
is	O
currently	O
underdiagnosed	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
outside	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Both	O
porcine	B-DISO
reproductive	B-PROC
and	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
swine	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
are	O
acute	O
,	O
highly	O
contagious	O
swine	B-SPEC
diseases	O
.	O

The	O
HA	O
and	O
M1	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
H3N2	B-CHED
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
PRRSV	B-PRGE
GP5	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
fused	O
to	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
and	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domains	O
of	O
the	O
NA	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
both	O
incorporated	O
into	O
the	O
chimeric	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
chimeric	O
VLP	B-COMP
vaccine	O
represents	O
a	O
potential	O
strategy	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
to	O
control	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
and	O
H3N2	B-CHED
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Detection	O
rates	O
vary	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
sites	O
for	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

When	O
conservative	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
methods	O
fail	O
,	O
a	O
lifesaving	O
measure	O
is	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

These	O
cases	O
were	O
mostly	O
conjoined	O
to	O
the	O
implantation	B-PROC
phase	O
or	O
the	O
early	O
postoperative	O
phase	O
and	O
vary	O
between	O
right	B-ANAT
heart	I-ANAT
perforation	O
to	O
migration	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
cannula	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
review	O
focuses	O
on	O
complications	O
allied	O
to	O
commercially	O
available	O
dual	O
-	O
lumen	B-ANAT
,	O
single	O
,	O
venovenous	O
cannula	B-SPEC
implantation	B-PROC
,	O
pointing	O
out	O
the	O
critical	O
segments	O
of	O
the	O
implantation	B-PROC
process	O
and	O
analyzing	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
device	O
.	O

Antibody	B-COMP
-	O
dependent	O
enhancement	O
(	O
ADE	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
a	O
mechanism	O
through	O
which	O
dengue	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
and	O
HIV	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
infect	O
host	B-COMP
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
higher	O
concentrations	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
sera	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
neutralized	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
while	O
highly	O
diluted	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
sera	I-PRGE
significantly	O
increased	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
induced	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

Describe	O
the	O
kinetics	O
and	O
pattern	O
of	O
viral	O
excretion	B-PROC
in	O
two	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Nsp10	O
,	O
a	O
critical	O
co	O
-	O
factor	O
for	O
activation	O
of	O
multiple	O
replicative	O
enzymes	O
.	O

Using	O
alanine	B-CHED
-	O
scanning	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
,	O
in	O
cellulo	O
bioluminescence	B-PROC
resonance	O
energy	B-PROC
transfer	I-PROC
experiments	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
pulldown	O
assays	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
now	O
identified	O
the	O
key	O
residues	O
on	O
the	O
nsp10	O
surface	O
that	O
interact	O
with	O
nsp14	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hemolytic	O
-	O
uremic	O
syndrome	O
(	O
HUS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
infants	O
and	O
young	O
children	O
.	O

Early	O
start	O
of	O
plasmapheresis	O
and	O
meticulous	O
supportive	O
treatment	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
,	O
including	O
renal	B-ANAT
placement	O
therapy	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
therapy	O
of	O
choice	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
HUS	O
presented	O
by	O
MOF	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
Kenya	O
,	O
1992	O
-	O
2013	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
obtained	O
the	O
full	O
genome	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
from	O
a	O
camel	B-SPEC
in	O
Qatar	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Placement	O
of	O
a	O
caudal	B-ANAT
vena	B-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
stent	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
Budd	O
-	O
Chiari	O
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
4	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
Ragdoll	O
cat	O
.	O

The	O
cat	B-SPEC
was	O
anesthetized	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
subhepatic	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
caudal	B-ANAT
vena	B-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
was	O
identified	O
and	O
accessed	O
via	O
median	O
celiotomy	O
and	O
direct	O
venipuncture	O
.	O

To	O
the	O
authors	O
'	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
successful	O
treatment	O
of	O
a	O
congenital	O
caudal	B-ANAT
vena	B-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
obstruction	B-DISO
by	O
means	O
of	O
stent	O
placement	O
in	O
a	O
juvenile	O
cat	B-SPEC
.	O

Active	O
,	O
prospective	O
,	O
continuous	O
,	O
hospital	O
-	O
based	O
SARI	O
surveillance	O
is	O
useful	O
in	O
supporting	O
pandemic	O
preparedness	O
for	O
emerging	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
and	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Faecal	B-ANAT
virome	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
shelter	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
describe	O
the	O
metagenomics	O
-	O
derived	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	O
virome	O
in	O
the	O
faeces	B-ANAT
of	O
25	O
cats	B-SPEC
from	O
a	O
single	O
shelter	O
in	O
California	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
IAPV	O
is	O
established	O
as	O
a	O
persistent	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
honey	B-SPEC
bee	I-SPEC
populations	O
,	O
likely	O
enabled	O
by	O
both	O
horizontal	O
and	O
vertical	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
phenotypic	O
differences	O
in	O
pathology	B-DISO
among	O
different	O
strains	O
of	O
IAPV	O
found	O
globally	O
may	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
standing	B-PROC
genetic	O
variation	O
.	O

The	O
evidence	O
that	O
silencing	O
an	O
IAPV	O
-	O
encoded	O
putative	O
suppressor	O
of	O
RNAi	B-PROC
reduces	O
IAPV	O
replication	O
suggests	O
a	O
functional	O
assignment	O
for	O
a	O
particular	O
genomic	O
region	O
of	O
IAPV	O
and	O
closely	O
related	O
viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
Family	B-SPEC
Dicistroviridae	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
indicates	O
a	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
strategy	O
for	O
limiting	O
multiple	O
honey	B-SPEC
bee	I-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
simultaneously	O
and	O
reducing	O
colony	O
losses	O
due	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Microscopic	O
examination	O
provided	O
the	O
definitive	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
live	O
attenuated	O
duck	B-SPEC
enteritis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
DEV	O
;	O
a	O
herpesvirus	B-SPEC
)	O
vaccine	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
routinely	O
to	O
control	O
lethal	O
DEV	O
in	O
ducks	B-SPEC
since	O
the	O
1960s	O
.	O

After	O
two	O
doses	O
of	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
rDEV	O
-	O
PrM	O
/	O
TE	O
completely	O
protected	O
ducks	B-SPEC
from	O
DTMUV	O
challenge	O
,	O
whereas	O
rDEV	O
-	O
TE	O
only	O
conferred	O
partial	O
protection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nucleic	B-ANAT
acid	I-CHED
-	O
based	O
differential	O
diagnostic	O
assays	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Nearly	O
a	O
decade	O
following	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
causing	O
severe	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
has	O
emerged	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
middle	O
east	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
).	O

As	O
the	O
rates	O
of	O
MS	O
are	O
increasing	O
,	O
particularly	O
among	O
women	O
,	O
environmental	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
coming	O
to	O
the	O
foreground	O
as	O
potential	O
agents	O
in	O
triggering	O
disease	O
in	O
genetically	O
susceptible	O
individuals	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
highlights	O
pathological	O
aspects	O
related	O
to	O
two	O
pre	O
-	O
clinical	O
viral	O
models	O
for	O
MS	O
;	O
data	O
are	O
consistent	O
between	O
these	O
two	O
models	O
as	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
susceptible	O
mice	B-SPEC
can	O
induce	O
axonal	O
degeneration	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
evaluation	O
of	O
contaminated	O
complete	O
feed	O
as	O
a	O
vehicle	O
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
of	O
naïve	O
pigs	B-SPEC
following	O
consumption	O
via	O
natural	O
feeding	B-PROC
behavior	I-PROC
:	O
proof	O
of	O
concept	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
its	O
initial	O
detection	O
in	O
May	O
2013	O
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
throughout	O
the	O
US	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
a	O
Positive	O
control	O
,	O
piglets	O
were	O
allowed	O
to	O
ingest	O
feed	O
spiked	O
with	O
stock	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
(	O
Ct	O
=	O
18	O
.	O
23	O
)	O
while	O
the	O
negative	O
control	O
group	O
received	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
free	O
feed	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
provide	O
proof	O
of	O
concept	O
that	O
contaminated	O
complete	O
feed	O
can	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
vehicle	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
naïve	O
pigs	B-SPEC
using	O
natural	O
feeding	B-PROC
behavior	I-PROC
.	O

Clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
(	O
vomiting	B-DISO
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
were	O
observed	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
Positive	O
control	O
and	O
Treatment	O
group	O
'	O
post	O
-	O
consumption	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
microscopic	O
lesions	O
detected	O
in	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
samples	O
No	O
evidence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
Negative	O
controls	O
.	O

Hypoxemia	O
during	O
or	O
immediately	O
after	O
the	O
BAL	B-ENZY
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
complication	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
highly	O
conserved	O
residues	O
involved	O
in	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
function	O
by	O
Diketo	O
acid	O
derivatives	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
DKA	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
of	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
mechanism	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
action	I-PROC
,	O
six	O
couples	O
of	O
ester	B-CHED
and	O
acid	O
DKAs	O
,	O
derived	O
from	O
6	O
-[	O
1	O
-(	O
4	O
-	O
fluorophenyl	O
)	O
methyl	B-CHED
-	O
1H	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
pyrrol	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
2	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
yl	I-CHED
)]-	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
-	O
dioxo	O
-	O
5	O
-	O
hexenoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
ethyl	B-CHED
ester	B-CHED
(	O
RDS1643	O
),	O
were	O
synthesized	O
and	O
tested	O
on	O
both	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
and	O
IN	O
functions	O
.	O

The	O
ester	B-CHED
derivative	O
RDS1759	O
selectively	O
inhibited	O
RNase	B-FUNC
H	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
and	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
low	O
micromolar	O
range	O
,	O
making	O
contacts	O
with	O
residues	O
Q475	O
,	O
N474	O
,	O
and	O
Y501	O
.	O

The	O
modification	O
or	O
deletion	O
of	O
different	O
motifs	O
within	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
including	O
the	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domain	O
that	O
harbors	O
an	O
ion	B-FUNC
channel	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
,	O
small	O
sequences	O
within	O
the	O
middle	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
its	O
most	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminal	O
end	O
,	O
which	O
contains	O
a	O
PDZ	O
domain	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
motif	O
(	O
PBM	O
),	O
is	O
sufficient	O
to	O
attenuate	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
despite	O
its	O
small	O
size	O
,	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
drastically	O
influences	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
CoVs	O
and	O
their	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
macropinocytosis	B-PROC
requires	O
fusogenic	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
and	O
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
epidermal	B-PRGE
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
receptor	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
.	O

Macropinocytosis	B-PROC
is	O
induced	O
by	O
many	O
pathogens	O
to	O
enter	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
,	O
but	O
other	O
functions	O
for	O
macropinocytosis	B-PROC
in	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
are	O
unknown	O
.	O

The	O
negative	O
results	O
contrast	O
with	O
the	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
detected	O
in	O
fecal	B-ANAT
pellets	O
from	O
live	O
-	O
captured	O
bats	B-SPEC
in	O
some	O
European	O
countries	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
rare	O
case	O
of	O
19	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
young	O
male	O
patient	O
with	O
complaint	O
of	O
severe	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
defined	O
type	O
of	O
pain	O
in	O
both	O
jaws	B-ANAT
associated	O
with	O
plaques	B-DISO
and	O
papules	O
on	O
extensor	B-ANAT
surfaces	O
of	O
upper	O
and	O
lower	B-ANAT
extremities	I-ANAT
with	O
bodyache	O
and	O
myalgia	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Host	O
genetic	O
factors	O
are	O
thought	O
to	O
modulated	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
H1N1pdm09	O
).	O

We	O
recruited	O
29	O
H1N1pdm09	O
infected	O
subjects	O
from	O
Southern	O
Europe	O
(	O
mostly	O
Italians	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
wide	O
clinical	O
spectrum	O
of	O
disease	O
symptoms	O
;	O
the	O
sample	O
included	O
7	O
subjects	O
who	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
requiring	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
blocking	B-DISO
the	O
replication	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
),	O
including	O
the	O
causative	O
agents	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
),	O
provide	O
a	O
promising	O
foundation	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
anticoronaviral	O
therapeutics	O
.	O

Using	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
to	O
generate	O
isogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
mutant	B-DISO
3CLpros	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
viruses	B-SPEC
encoding	O
double	O
-	O
mutant	B-DISO
3CLpros	O
are	O
fully	O
resistant	O
to	O
the	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
and	O
exhibit	O
a	O
significant	O
delay	O
in	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
processing	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
replicase	I-PRGE
polyprotein	I-PRGE
.	O

Biochemical	O
analysis	O
verified	O
double	O
-	O
mutant	B-DISO
3CLpro	O
enzyme	O
as	O
impaired	B-DISO
for	O
protease	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
and	O
exhibiting	O
reduced	O
sensitivity	O
to	O
the	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
and	O
revealed	O
a	O
delayed	O
kinetics	O
of	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
hydrolysis	O
and	O
activity	O
restoration	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
highly	O
attenuated	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
used	O
this	O
system	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
in	O
vivo	O
efficacy	O
of	O
an	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

He	O
was	O
treated	O
with	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
intravenous	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
oxygen	B-CHED
by	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
.	O

US	O
clinicians	O
must	O
be	O
vigilant	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
febrile	B-PROC
and	O
/	O
or	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
with	O
recent	O
travel	O
to	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
,	O
especially	O
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
.	O

M133	O
Tregs	O
inhibited	O
the	O
proliferation	B-DISO
but	O
not	O
initial	O
activation	O
of	O
M133	O
Tconv	O
in	O
draining	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
(	O
DLN	O
).	O

Thus	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
Tregs	O
inhibited	O
pathogenic	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cell	O
responses	O
during	O
priming	O
and	O
effector	B-CHED
stages	O
,	O
particularly	O
those	O
recognizing	O
cognate	O
antigen	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
decreased	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
without	O
affecting	O
virus	B-SPEC
clearance	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
urgently	O
necessary	O
to	O
develop	O
as	O
many	O
specific	O
genetic	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
as	O
possible	O
to	O
allow	O
stable	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
(	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
genetic	O
diagnostic	O
method	O
used	O
widely	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
,	O
which	O
requires	O
only	O
a	O
single	O
temperature	O
for	O
amplification	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
completed	O
in	O
less	O
than	O
1	O
h	O
.	O
This	O
study	O
developed	O
a	O
novel	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
assay	O
for	O
detecting	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
using	O
primer	O
sets	O
targeting	O
a	O
conserved	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
region	O
.	O

We	O
did	O
a	O
prospective	O
,	O
matched	O
,	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
in	O
Niger	B-SPEC
between	O
Aug	O
1	O
,	O
2001	O
,	O
and	O
Oct	B-PRGE
31	I-PRGE
,	O
2006	O
,	O
in	O
children	O
younger	O
than	O
12	O
years	O
to	O
assess	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
acute	O
noma	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
inclusion	O
of	O
microbiological	O
data	O
,	O
a	O
reduced	O
proportion	O
of	O
Fusobacterium	B-SPEC
(	O
4	O
·	O
63	O
,	O
1	O
·	O
61	O
-	O
13	O
·	O
35	O
),	O
Capnocytophaga	B-SPEC
(	O
3	O
·	O
69	O
,	O
1	O
·	O
48	O
-	O
9	O
·	O
17	O
),	O
Neisseria	B-SPEC
(	O
3	O
·	O
24	O
,	O
1	O
·	O
10	O
-	O
9	O
·	O
55	O
),	O
and	O
Spirochaeta	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
mouth	B-ANAT
(	O
7	O
·	O
77	O
,	O
2	O
·	O
12	O
-	O
28	O
·	O
42	O
),	O
and	O
an	O
increased	O
proportion	O
of	O
Prevotella	B-SPEC
(	O
2	O
·	O
53	O
,	O
1	O
·	O
07	O
-	O
5	O
·	O
98	O
),	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
noma	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-ANAT
(	O
N	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
that	O
forms	O
complexes	O
with	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
,	O
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
protein	B-CHED
during	O
virion	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
and	O
plays	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
enhancing	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
transcription	B-PROC
and	O
assembly	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tracheal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
is	O
the	O
primary	O
site	O
of	O
replication	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
which	O
leads	O
to	O
both	O
morphologic	O
and	O
immune	O
modulatory	O
changes	O
in	O
this	O
organ	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
severity	O
of	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
is	O
directly	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
CD18	B-PRGE
deficiency	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
vivax	I-SPEC
resulting	O
in	O
complicated	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
is	O
not	O
as	O
firmly	O
established	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
with	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
.	O

Severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
was	O
defined	O
as	O
per	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
'	O
s	O
guidelines	O
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
its	O
high	O
recombination	B-PROC
rate	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
the	O
loss	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
foreign	O
gene	O
,	O
limiting	O
their	O
use	O
as	O
vectors	O
.	O

Further	O
improvement	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
vectors	O
will	O
require	O
the	O
engineering	O
of	O
vectors	O
with	O
decreased	O
recombination	B-PROC
rate	O
.	O

Advances	O
in	O
medical	O
and	O
ventilatory	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
have	O
improved	O
outcomes	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
,	O
but	O
these	O
advances	O
fail	O
to	O
consistently	O
""""	O
rescue	O
""""	O
a	O
significant	O
proportion	O
of	O
those	O
affected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
CO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
removal	O
(	O
ECCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
R	O
)	O
techniques	O
have	O
increasingly	O
been	O
applied	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
refractory	O
to	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

The	O
objectives	O
of	O
this	O
article	O
are	O
to	O
review	O
current	O
concepts	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
techniques	O
(	O
ECMO	O
and	O
ECCO	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
R	O
systems	O
)	O
and	O
provide	O
the	O
rationale	O
for	O
their	O
application	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
as	O
adjunctive	O
therapy	O
for	O
bridging	O
patients	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emergent	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
type	O
55	O
in	O
immunocompetent	O
adults	O
in	O
2013	O
:	O
a	O
prospective	O
observational	O
study	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
prospective	O
,	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
observational	O
study	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
immunocompetent	O
adults	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
respiratory	O
ICU	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
for	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
five	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
confirmed	O
HAdV	O
-	O
55	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
included	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
time	O
from	O
onset	O
to	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
was	O
5	O
days	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
palmitoylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
Alphacoronaviruses	O
is	O
dispensable	O
for	O
S	O
-	O
M	O
interaction	O
,	O
but	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
progeny	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

Believed	O
to	O
have	O
originated	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
genetically	O
related	O
to	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
HKU4	O
and	O
HKU5	O
.	O

To	O
understand	O
how	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
transmit	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
receptor	O
usage	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
surface	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
HKU4	O
and	O
HKU5	O
.	O

Second	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
exogenous	O
proteases	O
,	O
both	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
HKU4	O
spikes	O
mediate	O
pseudovirus	O
entry	O
into	O
bat	B-ENZY
cells	B-COMP
,	O
whereas	O
only	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
HKU4	O
spike	O
,	O
mediates	O
pseudovirus	O
entry	O
into	O
human	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
results	O
establish	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
as	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
HKU4	O
and	O
host	B-PRGE
cellular	B-COMP
proteases	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
determinant	O
for	O
HKU4	O
.	O

They	O
also	O
suggest	O
that	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
-	O
recognizing	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
threaten	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
spikes	O
'	O
capability	O
to	O
adapt	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
for	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmissions	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
characterize	O
a	O
murine	O
model	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
abiding	O
by	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
of	O
human	B-DISO
ARDS	I-DISO
and	O
guidelines	O
for	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
on	O
CT	O
had	O
lower	O
response	O
to	O
steroids	B-CHED
(	O
OR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
;	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
21	O
)).	O

Mortality	O
is	O
high	O
in	O
ILD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
ARF	I-PRGE
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
expressed	B-PROC
and	O
purified	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
domain	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
3a	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
called	O
Cyto3a	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
recombinant	O
His	O
-	O
tagged	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
;	O
consequently	O
,	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
was	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
its	O
only	O
target	O
organ	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infected	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestines	I-ANAT
,	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
rapid	O
spread	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
has	O
raised	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
feed	O
and	O
particularly	O
pork	O
-	O
by	O
-	O
product	O
components	O
such	O
as	O
spray	O
-	O
dried	B-ANAT
porcine	B-SPEC
plasma	B-ANAT
(	O
SDPP	O
)	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

Another	O
group	O
,	O
EGG	B-ANAT
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
was	O
orally	B-ANAT
administered	O
a	O
commercial	O
egg	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
liquid	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
globulin	O
product	O
from	O
dpi	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
through	O
6	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
heliox	O
delivered	O
via	O
high	O
-	O
flow	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
to	O
treat	O
an	O
infant	O
with	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
related	O
respiratory	O
infection	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
flow	O
obstruction	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
infants	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
can	O
cause	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
,	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
variable	O
combinations	O
and	O
can	O
produce	O
enough	O
air	O
-	O
flow	O
obstruction	B-DISO
to	O
cause	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
review	O
will	O
summarize	O
the	O
research	O
progress	O
in	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
accessory	O
genes	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
administration	O
of	O
a	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
inhibitor	B-CHED
led	O
to	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
survival	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
confirming	O
the	O
relevance	O
of	O
this	O
pathway	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
TTSPs	O
,	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
for	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
activate	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
and	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

A	O
relatively	O
simple	O
serotyping	O
method	O
to	O
distinguish	O
between	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
developed	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
A	O
relatively	O
simple	O
serotyping	O
method	O
to	O
distinguish	O
between	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
developed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Effect	O
of	O
unilateral	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
on	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
and	O
dead	B-PROC
space	O
ratio	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
unilateral	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
].	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
VD	O
/	O
VT	O
changes	O
:	O
with	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
RM	O
pressure	O
,	O
the	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
PaO₂	B-PRGE
/	O
FiO₂	O
)	O
in	O
control	O
group	O
showed	O
a	O
tendency	O
of	O
gradual	O
decrease	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
level	O
at	O
60	O
cmH₂O	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
at	O
20	O
cmH₂O	O
and	O
40	O
cmH₂O	O
(	O
126	O
.	O
40	O
±	O
37	O
.	O
55	O
mmHg	O
vs	O
.	O
187	O
.	O
40	O
±	O
21	O
.	O
66	O
mmHg	O
,	O
175	O
.	O
20	O
±	O
23	O
.	O
00	O
mmHg	O
,	O
both	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Host	B-COMP
factors	O
influencing	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
are	O
poorly	O
understood	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
include	O
both	O
pre	O
-	O
and	O
post	O
-	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
regulatory	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

Within	O
one	O
cat	B-SPEC
,	O
viral	O
sequences	O
from	O
different	O
organs	B-ANAT
were	O
similar	O
or	O
identical	O
,	O
whereas	O
greater	O
discrepancies	O
were	O
found	O
comparing	O
sequences	O
from	O
various	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mass	O
gathering	O
medicine	B-CHED
:	O
2014	O
Hajj	O
and	O
Umra	O
preparation	O
as	O
a	O
leading	O
example	O
.	O

Before	O
widespread	O
diffusion	O
of	O
ECMO	O
,	O
new	O
trials	O
should	O
test	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
early	O
initiation	O
or	O
CO2	B-CHED
removal	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
indirect	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
immunoglobulin	I-PRGE
(	O
Ig	O
)	O
G	O
ELISA	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
S1	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
validated	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
an	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cysteine	B-CHED
-	O
containing	O
peptides	B-CHED
represent	O
an	O
important	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
T	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
,	O
yet	O
their	O
prevalence	O
remains	O
underestimated	O
.	O

The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
CoV	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
of	O
the	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
international	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
transient	O
ORF	O
-	O
9b	O
expression	B-PROC
led	O
to	O
a	O
strong	O
induction	O
of	O
autophagy	B-PROC
in	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
involve	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
to	O
the	O
systemic	O
circulation	B-PROC
,	O
propagating	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
molecular	O
response	O
and	O
affecting	O
distal	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
including	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
.	O

Conditioned	O
medium	O
collected	O
from	O
an	O
in	O
vitro	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
injury	O
model	O
using	O
human	B-SPEC
A549	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
was	O
subsequently	O
added	O
at	O
increasing	O
concentrations	O
(	O
no	O
conditioned	O
,	O
2	O
%,	O
5	O
%,	O
10	O
%,	O
15	O
%,	O
25	O
%,	O
and	O
50	O
%)	O
to	O
a	O
rat	B-SPEC
mixed	O
brain	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
culture	O
containing	O
both	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
neurons	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
a	O
pragmatic	O
lifestyle	O
intervention	O
in	O
obese	B-DISO
adults	O
with	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
-	O
treated	O
obstructive	B-DISO
sleep	I-DISO
apnoea	I-DISO
hypopnoea	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
OSAHS	B-DISO
).	O

At	O
end	O
-	O
point	O
,	O
the	O
intervention	O
group	O
exhibited	O
small	O
reductions	O
in	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
(-	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
[-	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
]	O
kg	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
)	O
and	O
body	O
fat	O
percentage	O
(-	O
1	O
[-	O
2	O
,	O
0	O
]%;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
044	O
)	O
and	O
moderate	O
improvements	O
in	O
C	O
-	O
reactive	O
protein	B-CHED
(-	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
[-	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
]	O
mg	O
·	O
L	O
(-	O
1	O
);	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
028	O
)	O
and	O
exercise	O
capacity	O
(	O
95	O
[	O
50	O
,	O
139	O
]	O
m	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

We	O
discuss	O
specific	O
applications	O
of	O
the	O
framework	O
to	O
the	O
2003	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Singapore	O
and	O
the	O
2001	O
foot	B-ANAT
-	I-DISO
and	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
mouth	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FMDV	B-SPEC
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Great	O
Britain	O
.	O

Infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
inflammatory	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
tetramer	O
staining	O
)	O
into	O
the	O
CNS	O
of	O
FTY720	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
determined	O
using	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
correlated	O
with	O
impaired	B-DISO
ability	O
to	O
control	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
at	O
days	O
7	O
and	O
14	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
diminished	O
accumulation	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

FTY720	B-CHED
treatment	O
reduces	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
neuroinflammatory	O
-	O
mediated	O
demyelination	B-DISO
by	O
restricting	O
the	O
access	O
of	O
disease	O
-	O
causing	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
but	O
is	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
viral	O
recrudescence	O
in	O
this	O
model	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Administration	O
of	O
FTY720	B-CHED
to	O
JHMV	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
resulted	O
in	O
increased	O
clinical	O
disease	O
severity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

ECoV	O
was	O
also	O
detected	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
all	O
horses	B-SPEC
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
respiratory	O
transmission	O
of	O
ECoV	O
may	O
occur	O
.	O

White	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
counts	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
amyloid	B-DISO
A	O
concentrations	O
changed	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
clinical	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
inoculated	O
horses	B-SPEC
;	O
these	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
markers	O
for	O
monitoring	O
the	O
clinical	O
status	O
of	O
horses	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
ECoV	O
.	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
induction	O
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
ECoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
horses	B-SPEC
by	O
experimental	O
inoculation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Catalytic	O
function	O
and	O
substrate	O
specificity	O
of	O
the	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
from	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PLpro	O
)	O
domain	O
from	O
the	O
deadly	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
overexpressed	O
and	O
purified	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
PLpro	O
constructs	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
the	O
putative	O
ubiquitin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
(	O
UBL	B-PRGE
)	O
domain	O
at	O
the	O
N	O
terminus	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
possess	B-DISO
protease	O
,	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
,	O
deISGylating	O
,	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
antagonism	O
activities	O
in	O
transfected	O
HEK293T	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Unlocking	O
the	O
secrets	O
of	O
how	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
(	O
PLpros	O
)	O
perform	O
their	O
multifunctional	O
roles	O
during	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
entails	O
a	O
complete	O
mechanistic	O
understanding	O
of	O
their	O
substrate	O
recognition	O
and	O
enzymatic	O
activities	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
PLpro	O
domains	O
from	O
the	O
MERS	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronaviruses	O
can	O
recognize	O
and	O
process	O
the	O
same	O
substrates	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
different	O
catalytic	O
efficiencies	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
provide	O
valuable	O
information	O
for	O
understanding	O
how	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
PLpro	O
-	O
mediated	O
antagonism	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
is	O
orchestrated	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
PLpro	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
unfolded	O
-	O
protein	B-CHED
response	O
(	O
UPR	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
signal	B-PROC
transduction	I-PROC
cascade	O
triggered	O
by	O
perturbation	O
of	O
the	O
homeostasis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
).	O

UPR	O
resolves	O
ER	O
stress	O
by	O
activating	O
a	O
cascade	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
molecular	O
chaperones	O
,	O
translational	B-PROC
attenuation	I-PROC
,	O
ER	O
-	O
associated	O
degradation	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
IRE1α	O
antagonized	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
by	O
modulating	O
the	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
status	O
of	O
the	O
proapoptotic	O
c	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Jun	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
JNK	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
the	O
prosurvival	B-PRGE
RAC	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
serine	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
threonine	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
protein	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
(	O
Akt	B-PRGE
).	O

Molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
interactions	O
between	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
is	O
pivotal	O
to	O
understanding	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
species	B-SPEC
specificity	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
that	O
UPR	O
activation	O
constitutes	O
a	O
major	O
aspect	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
.	O

Inclusion	O
criteria	O
were	O
age	O
≥	O
18	O
years	O
and	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
criteria	O
for	O
severe	O
ARF	B-DISO
justifying	O
ICU	O
admission	O
.	O

No	O
significant	O
difference	O
was	O
found	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
in	O
the	O
demographics	O
including	O
the	O
median	O
patient	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
ratio	O
,	O
initial	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
scores	O
,	O
initial	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
the	O
sources	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
in	O
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
faeces	B-ANAT
of	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
ORF3c	O
was	O
never	O
affected	O
by	O
such	O
mutations	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
mutations	O
of	O
3c	O
and	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
genes	O
correlate	O
with	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
study	O
included	O
inpatients	O
3	O
months	O
or	O
older	O
with	O
an	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
illness	O
,	O
most	O
admitted	O
through	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
.	O

The	O
increase	O
in	O
disease	O
severity	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
novel	O
CCoVs	O
can	O
be	O
attributed	O
to	O
the	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
recombination	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
that	O
can	O
occur	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
CCoV	O
type	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNAs	O
on	O
in	O
vitro	O
replication	O
and	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Automated	O
alerts	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
identifying	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
may	O
be	O
ECMO	O
candidates	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
postmortem	O
autopsy	O
revealing	O
extramedullary	O
involvement	O
in	O
multiple	B-DISO
myeloma	I-DISO
causing	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
reports	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
an	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
SD	O
/	O
121220	O
,	O
KJ128295	O
)	O
isolated	O
in	O
2012	O
from	O
Shandong	O
Province	O
in	O
northern	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
After	O
surgery	O
,	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
mainly	O
develop	O
following	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
and	O
/	O
or	O
thoracic	B-DISO
surgery	O
.	O

Maintenance	O
of	O
adequate	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
postoperative	O
period	O
is	O
of	O
major	O
importance	O
,	O
especially	O
when	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
ARF	B-DISO
occur	O
.	O

Although	O
invasive	O
endotracheal	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
has	O
remained	O
the	O
cornerstone	O
of	O
ventilatory	O
strategy	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
several	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
mortality	O
associated	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
largely	O
related	O
to	O
complications	O
of	O
postoperative	O
reintubation	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Rationale	O
for	O
postoperative	O
NIV	O
use	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
extubation	O
NIV	O
use	O
plus	O
the	O
specificities	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
respiratory	O
modifications	O
induced	O
by	O
the	O
surgery	O
and	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
310	O
chicken	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
tested	O
using	O
the	O
commercial	O
IDEXX	O
kit	B-FUNC
along	O
with	O
the	O
assay	O
developed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
converts	O
the	O
normal	O
constitution	O
of	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
to	O
optimise	O
viral	O
entry	O
,	O
replication	O
,	O
and	O
virion	B-COMP
production	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
work	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
susceptible	O
to	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
affected	O
the	O
MAPK	B-FUNC
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
MAPK	B-FUNC
pathway	B-PROC
regulated	O
the	O
changes	O
of	O
tight	B-COMP
junctions	I-COMP
and	O
microfilaments	B-COMP
of	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

RSV	B-SPEC
was	O
a	O
most	O
common	O
viral	O
etiology	O
in	O
the	O
hospitalized	O
young	O
children	O
less	O
than	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
compare	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
from	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
and	O
Egypt	O
with	O
a	O
prototype	O
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
assess	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
competence	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
in	O
ex	O
-	O
vivo	O
cultures	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
bronchus	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
.	O

King	O
Faisal	O
University	O
,	O
Egyptian	O
National	O
Research	O
Centre	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
Food	O
and	O
Health	O
Bureau	O
,	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Allergy	B-DISO
and	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
European	O
Community	O
Seventh	O
Framework	O
Program	O
.	O

Prompted	O
by	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
China	O
has	O
prioritised	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
cross	O
-	O
border	B-ANAT
transmission	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
other	O
health	O
-	O
related	O
risks	O
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
seven	O
CAP	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
infected	O
by	O
a	O
single	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
24	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
5	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
,	O
10	O
parainfluenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
[	O
PIV	O
-	O
3	O
],	O
2	O
PIV	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
2	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
and	O
2	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
),	O
five	O
cases	O
by	O
two	O
or	O
three	O
viruses	B-SPEC
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

On	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
myalgia	B-DISO
was	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
model	O
for	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
first	O
described	O
in	O
2012	O
and	O
,	O
subsequently	O
,	O
many	O
cases	O
were	O
reported	O
with	O
a	O
lower	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
than	O
initial	O
cases	O
.	O

So	O
far	O
,	O
circulating	O
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
remain	O
similar	O
under	O
continuous	O
monitoring	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
genetic	O
changes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
impact	O
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
on	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
sepsis	O
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
:	O
an	O
observational	O
study	O
.	O

Treatment	O
is	O
only	O
supportive	O
,	O
therefore	O
elucidating	O
modifiable	O
factors	O
that	O
could	O
prevent	O
ARDS	B-DISO
could	O
have	O
a	O
profound	O
impact	O
on	O
outcome	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
retrospective	O
observational	O
cohort	O
study	O
of	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
122	O
patients	O
were	O
assessed	O
for	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
on	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
primary	O
outcome	O
)	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
impaired	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
control	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
gradually	O
diminished	O
CNS	B-PRGE
CD8	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
interferon	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
production	O
.	O

Transfer	O
of	O
memory	B-PROC
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
to	O
reduce	O
viral	O
load	O
in	O
CD4	B-PRGE
-	O
depleted	O
mice	B-SPEC
reverted	O
the	O
recipient	O
CNS	B-CHED
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
-	O
cell	O
phenotype	O
to	O
that	O
in	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
control	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Conducted	O
research	O
showed	O
that	O
heparan	B-CHED
sulfate	I-CHED
proteoglycans	B-CHED
function	O
as	O
adhesion	B-DISO
molecules	O
,	O
increasing	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
density	O
on	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
and	O
possibly	O
facilitating	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
its	O
receptor	O
.	O

Despite	O
severe	O
epidemic	O
outbreaks	O
on	O
several	O
occasions	O
and	O
lack	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
,	O
not	O
much	O
progress	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
an	O
epitope	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
vaccine	O
designed	O
for	O
HCoV	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
computational	O
approach	O
was	O
adopted	O
to	O
identify	O
a	O
multiepitope	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
against	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
could	O
be	O
suitable	O
to	O
trigger	O
a	O
significant	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Both	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immunity	B-PROC
and	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immunity	B-PROC
were	O
checked	O
for	O
the	O
peptides	B-CHED
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
induce	O
both	O
humoral	O
and	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
mediated	I-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
pattern	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
:	O
a	O
descriptive	O
epidemiological	O
analysis	O
of	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
Saudi	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
describes	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

The	O
highest	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
and	O
deaths	B-PROC
occurred	O
between	O
April	O
and	O
May	O
2014	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
ventilator	O
management	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
machine	O
exchange	O
.	O

The	O
smaller	O
Vt	O
and	O
lower	O
PIP	B-CHED
noted	O
in	O
the	O
post	O
group	O
may	O
imply	O
a	O
lower	O
risk	O
of	O
volutrauma	O
and	O
barotrauma	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
significant	O
in	O
at	O
-	O
risk	O
populations	O
.	O

New	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
machines	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
statistically	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
postoperative	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Several	O
new	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
with	O
epidemic	O
potential	O
that	O
threaten	O
global	O
health	O
security	O
have	O
emerged	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
15	O
years	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	O
novel	O
and	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
:	O
new	O
drug	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
therapeutic	O
options	O
.	O

She	O
had	O
a	O
medical	O
history	O
of	O
osteosarcoma	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
leg	B-ANAT
and	O
hyperthyroidism	B-DISO
.	O

On	O
arrival	O
,	O
her	O
vital	O
signs	O
indicated	O
septic	O
shock	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
of	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
3	O
)/	O
μl	O
.	O

Because	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
remained	O
less	O
than	O
60	O
mmHg	O
and	O
her	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
was	O
unstable	O
despite	O
aggressive	B-DISO
conventional	O
management	O
,	O
venoarterial	O
ECMO	O
was	O
administered	O
approximately	O
11	O
h	O
after	O
her	O
arrival	O
.	O

This	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
successful	O
outcome	O
might	O
be	O
attributable	O
to	O
early	O
establishment	O
of	O
ECMO	O
to	O
prevent	O
ventilation	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Like	O
every	O
other	O
interventional	O
procedure	O
,	O
celiac	B-ANAT
plexus	I-ANAT
block	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
potential	O
complications	O
and	O
hazards	O
among	O
them	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
very	O
rare	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunogenicity	O
of	O
an	O
adenoviral	B-SPEC
-	O
based	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
infected	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camel	B-SPEC
populations	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
at	O
high	O
rates	O
,	O
representing	O
an	O
immediate	O
source	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Vaccines	O
have	O
been	O
invaluable	O
for	O
global	O
health	O
,	O
saving	O
lives	O
and	O
reducing	O
healthcare	O
costs	O
,	O
while	O
also	O
raising	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
life	O
.	O

The	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genomes	O
of	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDL	B-CHED
/	O
97I	O
P5	O
and	O
P115	B-PRGE
were	O
amplified	O
and	O
sequenced	O
.	O

Changes	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
,	O
nsp9	O
,	O
nsp11	O
/	O
12	O
,	O
nsp14	O
,	O
nsp15	O
,	O
nsp16	O
,	O
and	O
ORF3a	O
,	O
but	O
these	O
did	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
or	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
functional	O
variations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evidence	O
for	O
substrate	O
binding	B-FUNC
-	O
induced	O
zwitterion	B-CHED
formation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
catalytic	O
Cys	B-CHED
-	O
His	O
dyad	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
main	O
protease	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
related	O
CoV	O
proteases	O
have	O
several	O
distinct	O
features	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
an	O
uncharged	O
Cys	B-CHED
-	O
His	O
catalytic	O
dyad	O
embedded	O
in	O
a	O
chymotrypsin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
fold	O
,	O
that	O
clearly	O
separate	O
these	O
enzymes	O
from	O
archetypical	O
cysteine	B-CHED
proteases	O
.	O

Our	O
simulations	O
,	O
comprising	O
the	O
free	O
enzyme	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
substrate	O
-	O
enzyme	O
and	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
-	O
enzyme	O
complexes	O
,	O
lead	O
us	O
to	O
predict	O
that	O
zwitterion	O
formation	B-PROC
is	O
fostered	O
by	O
substrate	O
binding	B-FUNC
but	O
not	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
binding	B-FUNC
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
ways	O
to	O
achieve	O
improved	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
One	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
protein	B-COMP
complex	I-COMP
integrates	O
processive	O
RNA	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
and	O
exonuclease	O
activities	O
.	O

POCKITTM	O
Nucleic	B-CHED
Acid	I-CHED
Analyzer	O
is	O
a	O
field	O
-	O
deployable	O
device	O
capable	O
of	O
generating	O
automatically	O
interpreted	O
insulated	O
isothermal	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
iiPCR	O
)	O
results	O
from	O
extracted	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
within	O
one	O
hour	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
iiPCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
iiPCR	O
)	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
facilitate	O
point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
need	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
CDV	B-CHED
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Analytical	O
sensitivity	O
(	O
limit	O
of	O
detection	O
95	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
established	O
CDV	B-CHED
RT	O
-	O
iiPCR	O
was	O
about	O
11	O
copies	O
of	O
in	O
vitro	O
transcribed	O
RNA	O
per	O
reaction	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
key	O
factors	O
mediating	O
complement	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
in	O
FH	O
remain	O
elusive	O
.	O

Liver	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
FH	O
patients	O
infected	O
by	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBV	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
from	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
3	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
).	O

Similar	O
observations	O
were	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
FH	O
models	O
.	O

Administration	O
of	O
antagonists	B-CHED
against	O
C5aR	B-PRGE
or	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
ameliorated	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
-	O
induced	O
FH	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
and	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
myopathy	I-DISO
are	O
frequent	O
complications	O
of	O
severe	O
illness	O
that	O
involve	O
sensorimotor	O
axons	B-COMP
and	O
skeletal	B-ANAT
muscles	I-ANAT
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
/	O
myopathy	B-DISO
in	O
isolation	O
or	O
combination	O
increases	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
morbidity	O
via	O
the	O
inability	O
or	O
difficulty	O
in	O
weaning	B-PROC
these	O
patients	O
off	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recurrent	O
Spontaneous	B-DISO
Pneumothorax	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
Recovery	O
Phase	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
Due	O
to	O
H1N1	O
Infection	B-DISO
.	O

Mechanical	O
ventilation	O
with	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
improved	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
parameters	O
within	O
3	O
weeks	O
.	O

After	O
successful	O
drainage	B-ANAT
therapy	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
discharged	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
early	O
administration	O
of	O
acyclovir	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
of	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
,	O
combined	O
with	O
mechanical	O
respiratory	O
support	O
,	O
proved	O
adequate	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
this	O
severe	O
illness	O
.	O

HKU4	O
-	O
RBD	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
is	O
less	O
adapted	O
to	O
hCD26	O
than	O
MERS	O
-	O
RBD	O
,	O
explaining	O
its	O
lower	O
affinity	O
for	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
.	O

We	O
then	O
provide	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
literature	O
review	O
to	O
summarise	O
the	O
known	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
families	O
Flaviviridae	B-SPEC
and	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
evade	O
sensing	O
through	O
STING	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Data	O
regarding	O
the	O
treatment	O
efficacy	O
of	O
integrative	O
treatment	O
of	O
Traditional	O
Chinese	O
Medicine	B-CHED
(	O
TCM	O
)	O
and	O
Western	O
Medicine	B-CHED
(	O
WM	O
)	O
in	O
treating	O
patients	O
with	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
conflicting	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
patients	O
receiving	O
WM	O
treatment	O
alone	O
,	O
patients	O
receiving	O
integrative	O
treatment	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
complete	O
or	O
partial	O
resolution	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrate	I-DISO
(	O
RD	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
18	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
;	O
0	O
.	O
07	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
30	O
),	O
lower	O
average	O
daily	O
dosage	O
(	O
mg	O
)	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
(	O
WMD	O
=-	O
60	O
.	O
27	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
;	O
-	O
70	O
.	O
58	O
to	O
-	O
49	O
.	O
96	O
),	O
higher	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
counts	O
(	O
cells	B-COMP
/	O
uL	O
)	O
(	O
WMD	O
=	O
167	O
.	O
96	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
;	O
109	O
.	O
68	O
to	O
226	O
.	O
24	O
),	O
and	O
shorter	O
time	O
to	O
defervescence	O
(	O
days	O
)	O
(	O
WMD	O
=	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
06	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
;-	O
1	O
.	O
60	O
to	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
53	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expression	B-PROC
patterns	O
of	O
plasma	B-PRGE
von	I-PRGE
Willebrand	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
and	O
serum	B-COMP
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
in	O
patients	O
with	O
early	O
-	O
stage	O
severe	O
pulmonary	O
contusion	O
.	O

Interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
),	O
as	O
a	O
proinflammatory	O
mediator	O
causing	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
induces	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
oxidant	B-CHED
stress	O
mediators	O
and	O
makes	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
key	O
parameter	O
for	O
localized	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
plasma	B-PRGE
vWF	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
and	O
their	O
association	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
.	O

The	O
concentrations	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
vWF	B-PRGE
and	O
serum	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
were	O
significantly	O
increased	O
in	O
all	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
patients	O
at	O
all	O
time	O
points	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
concentrations	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
vWF	B-PRGE
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
increased	O
during	O
the	O
whole	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
but	O
vWF	B-PRGE
in	O
patients	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
increased	O
gradually	O
until	O
day	O
5	O
and	O
then	O
decreased	O
at	O
day	O
7	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
plasma	B-PRGE
vWF	I-PRGE
and	O
serum	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
in	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
patients	O
reflect	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
patients	O
outcomes	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
vWF	B-PRGE
and	O
serum	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
are	O
sensitive	O
markers	O
for	O
clinical	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
predication	O
of	O
patient	O
prognosis	O
.	O

The	O
oxygen	B-CHED
exchange	O
levels	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
were	O
examined	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
analysis	O
at	O
different	O
times	O
(	O
0	O
,	O
24	O
,	O
72	O
hours	O
and	O
7	O
days	O
of	O
treatment	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
reduced	O
gradually	O
after	O
7	O
-	O
day	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
on	O
the	O
7th	O
day	O
in	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
group	O
A	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
vs	O
.	O
17	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
levels	O
of	O
CcvO2	O
,	O
CaO2	B-CHED
on	O
day	O
7	O
in	O
group	O
A	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
(	O
CcvO2	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
60	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
24	O
vs	O
.	O
0	O
.	O
72	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
28	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
;	O
CaO2	B-CHED
:	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
43	O
vs	O
.	O
0	O
.	O
94	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
46	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
reduced	O
gradually	O
after	O
7	O
-	O
day	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
on	O
the	O
7th	O
day	O
in	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
group	O
A	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
vs	O
.	O
17	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Among	O
chronically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
complementary	O
and	O
alternative	O
medicine	B-CHED
(	O
CAM	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
widespread	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
extremely	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
CAM	B-DISO
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
in	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
SARS	B-DISO
period	O
and	O
even	O
less	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
how	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
CAM	B-DISO
is	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
unpleasant	O
social	O
and	O
medical	O
-	O
treatment	O
experiences	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
,	O
their	O
eagerness	O
to	O
re	O
-	O
establish	O
social	O
networks	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
awareness	O
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
future	O
epidemics	O
.	O

The	O
participants	O
practised	O
tai	B-PRGE
chi	I-PRGE
not	O
only	O
because	O
they	O
sought	O
to	O
improve	O
their	O
health	O
but	O
also	O
because	O
it	O
provided	O
a	O
crucial	O
social	O
function	O
and	O
meaning	O
to	O
them	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
genotyping	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Taiwan	O
by	O
a	O
multiplex	O
amplification	B-DISO
refractory	O
mutation	O
system	O
reverse	O
transcription	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

Following	O
sequence	O
alignment	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
selective	O
primer	O
sets	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
individually	O
amplify	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
wild	O
-	O
type	O
and	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
using	O
a	O
multiplex	O
amplification	B-DISO
refractory	O
mutation	O
system	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
ARMS	B-DISO
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
approach	O
.	O

This	O
system	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
discriminate	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
wild	O
-	O
type	O
and	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Combined	O
use	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
biological	O
artificial	O
liver	B-ANAT
treatments	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
liver	B-ANAT
failure	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
multiple	O
organ	O
dysfunction	O
syndrome	O
.	O

Heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
treatment	O
,	O
mean	O
arterial	B-ANAT
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
MAP	O
),	O
respiratory	O
index	O
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
),	O
hepatic	O
function	O
,	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
and	O
blood	B-PROC
coagulation	I-PROC
were	O
determined	O
.	O

Significant	O
improvement	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
HR	O
,	O
MAP	O
,	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
,	O
total	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
(	O
TBIL	O
)	O
and	O
alanine	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
ALT	B-FUNC
)	O
levels	O
after	O
treatment	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Apoptosis	B-PATH
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
(	O
AMs	B-DISO
)	O
plays	O
a	O
pathogenic	O
role	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
severe	O
type	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
a	O
large	O
panel	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
nAbs	O
against	O
an	O
epitope	B-CHED
that	O
overlaps	O
the	O
interface	O
between	O
the	O
RBD	O
and	O
its	O
receptor	O
,	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
),	O
to	O
assess	O
their	O
cross	O
-	O
neutralization	O
activities	O
against	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
zoonotic	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoVs	O
and	O
neutralization	O
escape	O
mutants	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
investigated	O
the	O
neutralization	O
escape	O
profiles	O
of	O
these	O
nAbs	O
and	O
evaluated	O
their	O
effects	O
on	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
and	O
virus	O
fitness	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
some	O
nAbs	O
had	O
great	O
potency	O
and	O
breadth	O
in	O
neutralizing	O
multiple	O
viral	O
strains	O
,	O
including	O
neutralization	O
escape	O
viruses	B-SPEC
derived	O
from	O
other	O
nAbs	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
no	O
single	O
nAb	O
or	O
combination	O
of	O
two	O
blocked	O
neutralization	O
escape	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
the	O
neutralization	O
escape	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
showed	O
either	O
attenuation	O
(	O
Urbani	O
background	O
)	O
or	O
increased	O
virulence	B-PROC
(	O
GD03	O
background	O
)	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
different	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinities	O
between	O
their	O
RBDs	O
and	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
ACE2	B-PRGE
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
targeting	B-PROC
conserved	O
regions	O
with	O
less	O
plasticity	O
and	O
more	O
structural	O
constraint	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RBD	O
-	O
like	O
region	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
should	O
have	O
broader	O
utility	O
for	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
immunotherapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Determinants	O
of	O
mortality	O
,	O
intensive	O
care	O
requirement	O
and	O
prolonged	O
hospitalization	O
in	O
malaria	B-DISO
-	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospital	O
based	O
cohort	O
study	O
from	O
South	O
-	O
Western	O
India	O
.	O

A	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospital	O
based	O
retrospective	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
from	O
the	O
year	O
2007	O
to	O
2011	O
among	O
microscopically	O
proven	O
adult	O
malaria	B-PATH
patients	O
.	O

More	O
than	O
three	O
days	O
of	O
history	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
PE	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
hyperparasitaemia	O
,	O
leucocytosis	B-DISO
and	O
severe	O
thrombocytopaenia	O
were	O
independently	O
associated	O
factors	O
with	O
intensive	O
care	O
requirement	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
922	O
malaria	B-PATH
cases	O
studied	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
seven	O
days	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
outcome	O
(	O
21	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
(	O
201	O
),	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
19	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
24	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
followed	O
by	O
intensive	O
care	O
requirement	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
79	O
),	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
10	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
11	O
),	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
conduct	B-PROC
a	O
country	O
-	O
wide	O
prevalence	O
study	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
group	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
rotavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
,	O
Salmonella	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
.	O
and	O
enterotoxigenic	O
K99	O
(+)	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
(	O
K99	O
)	O
in	O
calves	O
on	O
New	O
Zealand	O
dairy	O
farms	O
.	O

The	O
standardised	O
farm	O
prevalences	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
group	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
rotavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
were	O
46	O
,	O
14	O
and	O
18	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
calves	O
that	O
were	O
1	O
-	O
5	O
days	O
-	O
old	O
,	O
and	O
57	O
,	O
31	O
and	O
52	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
calves	O
that	O
were	O
9	O
-	O
21	O
days	O
-	O
old	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
epidemiological	O
estimates	O
of	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
calves	O
'	O
enteropathogens	O
in	O
New	O
Zealand	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
risk	O
assessment	O
or	O
estimation	O
of	O
the	O
environmental	O
loads	O
of	O
pathogens	O
shed	O
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
faeces	B-ANAT
.	O

Using	O
the	O
Gravy	O
,	O
Aroma	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
CAI	O
values	O
,	O
a	O
role	O
of	O
natural	O
selection	O
in	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
codon	O
usage	O
pattern	O
was	O
also	O
identified	O
.	O

Neutral	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
natural	O
selection	O
pressure	O
plays	O
a	O
more	O
important	O
role	O
than	O
mutational	O
bias	B-SPEC
in	O
codon	O
usage	O
bias	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Searching	O
for	O
an	O
ideal	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
among	O
different	O
MERS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
fragments	I-PRGE
--	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
immunofocusing	O
in	O
subunit	O
vaccine	O
design	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Non	O
-	O
pharmaceutical	O
interventions	O
(	O
NPIs	O
)	O
are	O
an	O
important	O
public	O
health	O
tool	O
for	O
responding	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
,	O
including	O
pandemics	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
draws	O
on	O
survey	O
data	O
from	O
four	O
regions	O
--	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
Singapore	O
,	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
--	O
collected	O
following	O
the	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
of	O
2002	O
-	O
03	O
,	O
and	O
employs	O
regression	O
techniques	O
to	O
estimate	O
predictors	O
of	O
NPI	O
support	O
.	O

Although	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
appear	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
source	O
in	O
primary	O
cases	O
,	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
has	O
proved	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
secondary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
myeloid	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
and	O
arginine	B-PROC
metabolism	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
diseases	O
.	O

NO	O
has	O
direct	O
antiviral	B-CHED
properties	O
against	O
some	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
whereas	O
during	O
other	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
NO	O
can	O
mediate	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
inhibit	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
promote	O
chronic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

RAGE	O
and	O
cytokeratin	O
18	O
isoforms	O
correlated	O
significantly	O
but	O
to	O
a	O
low	O
extent	O
with	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
,	O
while	O
the	O
isoforms	O
of	O
both	O
parameters	O
correlated	O
to	O
a	O
high	O
extent	O
with	O
one	O
another	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Incidence	O
rate	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
sepsis	B-DISO
among	O
hospitalized	O
acute	O
medical	O
patients	O
-	O
a	O
population	O
-	O
based	O
survey	O
.	O

Through	O
the	O
review	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
available	O
disease	O
models	O
,	O
investigators	O
can	O
employ	O
the	O
most	O
appropriate	O
available	O
model	O
to	O
study	O
various	O
aspects	O
of	O
CoV	O
pathogenesis	O
and	O
evaluate	O
possible	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatments	O
that	O
may	O
potentially	O
be	O
successful	O
in	O
future	O
treatment	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
severe	O
CoV	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
Influenza	B-DISO
and	O
Other	O
Respiratory	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
Carried	O
Out	O
in	O
the	O
Influenza	B-DISO
Project	O
-	O
Monitoring	O
Vaccine	O
Effectiveness	O
(	O
I	O
-	O
MOVE	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
liquid	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
(	O
Sal	B-CHED
CURB	O
®)	O
for	O
reducing	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
naïve	O
pigs	B-SPEC
during	O
consumption	O
of	O
contaminated	O
feed	O
.	O

To	O
test	O
its	O
effect	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
Sal	B-CHED
CURB	O
®-	O
treated	O
feed	O
was	O
spiked	O
with	O
a	O
stock	O
isolate	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
(	O
Ct	O
=	O
25	O
.	O
22	O
),	O
which	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
naïve	O
piglets	O
were	O
allowed	O
to	O
ingest	O
via	O
natural	O
feeding	B-PROC
behavior	I-PROC
(	O
ad	O
libitum	O
)	O
for	O
a	O
14	O
-	O
day	O
period	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Overlapping	O
and	O
distinct	O
molecular	O
determinants	O
dictating	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
of	O
TRIM56	B-PRGE
against	O
flaviviruses	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
by	O
engineering	O
cell	B-COMP
lines	I-ANAT
conditionally	O
expressing	O
various	O
TRIM56	B-PRGE
mutants	I-PRGE
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
TRIM56	B-PRGE
'	O
s	O
antiflavivirus	O
effects	O
required	O
both	O
the	O
E3	B-PRGE
ligase	I-PRGE
activity	O
that	O
lies	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
RING	O
domain	O
and	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
its	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
portion	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
restriction	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
relied	O
upon	O
the	O
TRIM56	B-PRGE
E3	I-PRGE
ligase	I-PRGE
activity	O
alone	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
TRIM56	B-PRGE
restricts	O
two	O
medically	O
important	O
flaviviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
yellow	B-SPEC
fever	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
YFV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
serotype	O
2	O
(	O
DENV2	O
),	O
and	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
but	O
not	O
encephalomyocarditis	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
a	O
picornavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genotypic	O
characterization	O
of	O
canine	O
coronaviruses	O
associated	O
with	O
fatal	O
canine	O
neonatal	O
enteritis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Comparative	O
sequence	O
analyses	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
extracted	O
from	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
revealed	O
CCoV	O
-	O
II	O
genotype	O
in	O
9	O
out	O
of	O
11	O
puppies	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
with	O
CCoV	O
alone	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
five	O
puppies	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
two	O
also	O
had	O
small	B-ANAT
intestinal	I-ANAT
intussusception	O
.	O

Similar	O
differences	O
were	O
not	O
observed	O
in	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
cellular	B-COMP
context	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
IFITM	O
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
can	O
impact	O
inhibition	B-PROC
efficiency	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diagnostic	O
value	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
protein	B-CHED
-	O
a	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
best	O
cut	O
-	O
off	O
value	O
for	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
level	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SAP	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
150	O
ug	O
/	O
ml	O
and	O
the	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
ROC	O
curve	O
of	O
SP	O
-	O
A	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
88	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Serum	B-COMP
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
Baseline	O
,	O
SO	O
group	O
,	O
SAP	B-PRGE
group	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
,	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
were	O
43	O
.	O
15	O
±	O
14	O
.	O
29	O
,	O
51	O
.	O
91	O
±	O
16	O
.	O
99	O
,	O
193	O
.	O
4	O
±	O
35	O
.	O
37	O
,	O
198	O
.	O
0	O
+	O
29	O
.	O
73	O
,	O
and	O
185	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
43	O
.	O
21	O
ug	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Uniaxial	O
stretch	O
(	O
10	O
-	O
30	O
%	O
in	O
strain	O
)	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
cultured	O
in	O
a	O
silicone	B-CHED
chamber	B-ANAT
coated	O
with	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
collagen	I-PRGE
using	O
a	O
stretching	O
apparatus	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
spite	O
of	O
several	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
the	O
very	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
no	O
vaccine	O
against	O
this	O
deadly	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
developed	O
yet	O
.	O

The	O
immune	O
parameters	O
of	O
this	O
region	O
were	O
determined	O
using	O
different	O
in	O
silico	O
tools	O
and	O
Immune	O
Epitope	B-CHED
Database	O
(	O
IEDB	O
).	O

The	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
art	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
support	O
is	O
presented	O
with	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
different	O
systems	O
,	O
the	O
indications	O
,	O
efficiency	O
and	O
potential	O
side	O
effects	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
potentially	O
severe	O
complications	O
the	O
use	O
should	O
be	O
restricted	O
to	O
specialized	O
centers	O
with	O
experience	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
systems	O
may	O
be	O
indicated	O
in	O
severe	O
,	O
refractory	O
and	O
predominantly	O
hypoxemic	O
lung	B-ANAT
failure	O
(	O
pAO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
<	O
80	O
mmHg	O
).	O

All	O
patients	O
achieved	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
engraftment	B-PROC
by	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
day	O
18	O
(	O
range	O
:	O
day	O
11	O
-	O
61	O
).	O

The	O
incidences	O
of	O
II	O
-	O
IV	O
or	O
III	O
-	O
IV	O
acute	B-DISO
GVHD	I-DISO
were	O
nine	O
(	O
81	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
or	O
seven	O
patients	O
(	O
63	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
respectively	O
.	O

Chronic	B-DISO
GVHD	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
five	O
(	O
55	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
out	O
of	O
nine	O
evaluable	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Stimulation	O
of	O
epithelial	B-FUNC
sodium	I-FUNC
channel	I-FUNC
(	O
ENaC	O
)	O
promotes	O
Na	O
(+)	O
transport	B-PROC
,	O
a	O
rate	O
-	O
limiting	O
step	O
for	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
reabsorption	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
contribution	O
of	O
these	O
cofactors	B-CHED
to	O
immunity	B-PROC
and	O
disease	O
incidence	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
determined	O
.	O

The	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
housed	O
under	O
optimized	O
conditions	O
of	O
nutrition	O
,	O
husbandry	O
,	O
and	O
quarantine	O
to	O
eliminate	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
cofactors	B-CHED
implicated	O
in	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
outcome	O
and	O
were	O
uniformly	O
challenge	O
exposed	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
field	O
strain	O
of	O
serotype	O
1	O
FIPV	O
.	O

Exposure	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
FIP	B-DISO
-	O
inducing	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
prior	O
to	O
challenge	O
with	O
virulent	O
FIPV	O
did	O
not	O
significantly	O
affect	O
FIP	B-DISO
incidence	O
but	O
did	O
accelerate	O
the	O
disease	O
course	O
in	O
some	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Multidimensional	O
scaling	O
(	O
MDS	B-DISO
)	O
segregated	O
the	O
107	O
cats	B-SPEC
into	O
three	O
distinct	O
families	O
based	O
primarily	O
on	O
a	O
common	O
sire	O
(	O
s	O
),	O
and	O
resistant	O
and	O
susceptible	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
equally	O
distributed	O
within	O
each	O
family	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Efficacy	O
of	O
continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
(	O
PaO2	O
),	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
OI	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
dynamic	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
compliance	O
were	O
all	O
elevated	O
significantly	O
,	O
whereas	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
at	O
6h	O
,	O
12h	O
and	O
24h	O
after	O
CRRT	O
respectively	O
;	O
serum	B-COMP
cytokine	O
level	O
and	O
CRP	B-PRGE
significantly	O
decreased	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
M	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
PH	O
(	O
pleckstrin	B-PRGE
homology	O
)	O
domain	O
of	O
PDK1	B-FUNC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evidence	O
of	O
recombinant	O
strains	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Complete	O
genomic	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolate	O
].	O

The	O
complete	O
genome	O
of	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
SD09	O
/	O
005	O
consisted	O
of	O
27691	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
(	O
nt	O
),	O
excluding	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
cap	B-DISO
and	O
3	O
'	O
poly	O
A	O
tail	O
.	O

When	O
compared	O
with	O
all	O
reference	O
strains	O
except	O
GX	O
-	O
NN09032	O
,	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
SD09	O
/	O
005	O
showed	O
the	O
highest	O
similarity	O
to	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDL	O
/	O
091022	O
and	O
SDIB821	O
/	O
2012	O
(	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
Gene	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
3	O
'	O
UTR	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
sequence	O
identity	O
rate	O
of	O
97	O
%	O
and	O
98	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
SD09	O
/	O
005	O
exhibited	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
similarity	O
with	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDL	B-CHED
/	O
091022	O
and	O
SDIB821	O
/	O
2012	O
in	O
S	O
-	O
3a	O
-	O
3b	O
-	O
3c	O
/	O
E	O
-	O
M	O
-	O
5a	O
-	O
5b	O
-	O
N	O
with	O
a	O
sequence	O
identity	O
of	O
72	O
%	O
-	O
90	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
dynamic	O
distribution	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
Jin	O
-	O
13	O
strain	O
in	O
SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
.	O

Samples	O
of	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
and	O
duodenum	B-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
and	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
by	O
Sybr	B-CHED
Green	I-CHED
I	I-CHED
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

All	O
specimens	O
were	O
examined	O
by	O
multiplex	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
the	O
following	O
15	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
ADV	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HRV	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
types	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
(	O
FluA	O
),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
B	O
(	O
FluB	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
HEV	B-SPEC
),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
-	O
A	O
and	O
-	O
B	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
),	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
/	O
NL63	O
and	O
-	O
OC43	O
/	O
HKU1	O
),	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBoV	O
).	O

Among	O
the	O
483	O
cases	O
of	O
ILI	O
,	O
214	O
(	O
44	O
.	O
31	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
ADV	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
HEV	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
RSV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	O
8	O
.	O
07	O
%),	O
HRV	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
45	O
%),	O
FluA	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
38	O
%),	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
/	O
HKU1	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
PIV	O
-	O
3	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
(	O
1	O
.	O
86	O
%),	O
PIV	O
-	O
1	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
24	O
%),	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
/	O
NL63	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
04	O
%),	O
PIV	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
04	O
%),	O
HBoV	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
83	O
%),	O
and	O
FluB	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
41	O
%).	O

Recent	O
disease	O
outbreaks	O
such	O
as	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
bluetongue	B-DISO
serotype	O
8	O
and	O
Schmallenberg	O
virus	B-SPEC
have	O
led	O
to	O
realising	O
that	O
we	O
need	O
to	O
explicitly	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
underlying	O
complex	O
interactions	O
between	O
environmental	O
,	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
social	O
factors	O
which	O
are	O
often	O
also	O
spatially	O
and	O
temporally	O
heterogeneous	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
interconnected	O
across	O
affected	O
regions	O
and	O
beyond	O
.	O

ALI	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
marked	O
acute	O
inflammation	B-DISO
with	O
elevated	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
cytokine	O
levels	O
.	O

LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
exacerbated	O
in	O
Spred	O
-	O
2	O
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
compared	O
with	O
WT	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
the	O
numbers	O
of	O
infiltrating	B-DISO
leukocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
levels	O
of	O
alveolar	B-PRGE
TNF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
CXCL2	B-PRGE
and	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
in	O
a	O
later	O
phase	O
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

Mini	O
-	O
genome	O
replication	O
studies	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
reassortment	O
experiments	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
influenza	B-DISO
has	O
very	O
limited	O
genetic	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
compatibility	O
with	O
Type	O
A	O
or	O
Type	O
B	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
yet	O
it	O
readily	O
reassorts	O
with	O
another	O
divergent	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
influenza	B-DISO
lineage	O
may	O
represent	O
a	O
new	O
Genus	B-SPEC
/	O
Species	B-SPEC
within	O
the	O
Orthomyxoviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
recently	O
identified	O
are	O
authentic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
pose	O
little	O
,	O
if	O
any	O
,	O
pandemic	O
threat	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
;	O
however	O
,	O
they	O
provide	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
basic	O
biology	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
emergence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
nearly	O
a	O
decade	O
after	O
the	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
CoV	O
,	O
highlights	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
understanding	O
and	O
developing	O
therapeutic	O
treatment	O
for	O
current	O
and	O
emergent	O
CoVs	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
the	O
work	O
also	O
identifies	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
approaches	O
to	O
exploit	O
this	O
understanding	O
for	O
therapeutic	O
treatment	O
and	O
the	O
data	O
clearly	O
illustrate	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
NSP16	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
activity	O
for	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
alfa	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2a	I-PRGE
therapy	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
significantly	O
improved	O
survival	O
at	O
14	O
days	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
at	O
28	O
days	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenesis	B-PROC
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
isolate	O
(	O
US	O
/	O
Iowa	O
/	O
18984	O
/	O
2013	O
)	O
in	O
3	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Diarrhea	B-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
challenged	O
pigs	B-SPEC
beginning	O
for	O
some	O
on	O
dpi	O
2	O
,	O
affecting	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
by	O
dpi	O
6	O
and	O
subsiding	O
by	O
dpi	O
10	O
.	O

Average	O
daily	O
gain	O
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
for	O
one	O
week	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
challenged	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
which	O
emerged	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
in	O
2013	O
,	O
has	O
spread	O
throughout	O
North	O
America	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
spray	O
-	O
drying	O
process	O
is	O
sufficient	O
to	O
inactivate	O
infectious	B-DISO
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
plasma	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
was	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
other	O
groups	O
including	O
the	O
SD	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
CONTROL	O
group	O
and	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
pigs	B-SPEC
had	O
seroconverted	O
by	O
termination	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
at	O
dpi	O
28	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
plasma	B-ANAT
collected	O
from	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
at	O
peak	O
disease	O
did	O
not	O
contain	O
infectious	B-DISO
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
>	O
140	O
,	O
000	O
deaths	B-PROC
occur	O
annually	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
chronic	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
complicated	O
by	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
process	I-DISO
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
viral	O
factors	O
that	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
possible	O
pathogenic	O
processes	O
associated	O
with	O
CNS	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
and	O
we	O
try	O
to	O
decipher	O
the	O
intricate	O
interplay	O
between	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
host	B-COMP
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
characterize	O
their	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
life	O
cycle	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
to	O
respond	O
to	O
viral	O
invasion	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Asthma	B-PATH
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
childhood	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
23	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
them	O
(	O
30	O
/	O
126	O
).	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
a	O
carbohydrate	B-CHED
microarray	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
tumor	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
carbohydrates	B-CHED
for	O
their	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
reactivities	O
and	O
potential	O
immunogenicity	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Optimal	O
ventilator	O
management	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
remains	O
uncertain	O
.	O

Although	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
remained	O
detectable	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
patient	O
until	O
the	O
fourth	O
week	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
viraemia	B-DISO
was	O
last	O
detected	O
2	O
days	O
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
triple	O
combination	O
therapy	O
with	O
pegylated	O
interferon	B-PRGE
,	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
,	O
administered	O
from	O
Day	O
13	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
main	O
determinant	O
of	O
viral	O
entry	O
,	O
and	O
although	O
it	O
was	O
previously	O
shown	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
can	O
be	O
activated	O
by	O
various	O
proteases	O
,	O
the	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
activation	O
of	O
fusion	O
are	O
still	O
incompletely	O
characterized	O
.	O

Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
furin	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
was	O
shown	O
to	O
decrease	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
-	O
mediated	O
entry	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
September	O
2012	O
a	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
caused	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
from	O
The	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

This	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
serial	O
interval	O
for	O
pertussis	B-PATH
is	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
that	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
observations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
canine	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
CCoV	O
)	O
strains	O
currently	O
in	O
circulation	B-PROC
is	O
essential	O
for	O
understanding	O
viral	O
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
economic	O
effect	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
to	O
support	O
adults	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
Brazil	O
:	O
a	O
hypothetical	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
contain	O
a	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
genomic	O
(	O
g	O
)	O
RNA	O
,	O
which	O
encodes	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Appropriate	O
readthrough	O
of	O
body	B-ANAT
TRSs	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
produce	O
longer	O
sgmRNAs	O
and	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
gRNA	O
.	O

We	O
find	O
that	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
nucleocapsid	I-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
by	O
host	B-COMP
glycogen	B-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
GSK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
template	O
switching	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
ECMO	O
as	O
a	O
bridge	O
for	O
right	B-ANAT
main	I-ANAT
bronchus	I-ANAT
reconstruction	O
and	O
recovery	O
of	O
traumatic	B-DISO
wet	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
31	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
multi	O
-	O
trauma	O
patient	O
with	O
right	O
main	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
disruption	O
,	O
bilateral	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
,	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
contusion	O
and	O
long	B-ANAT
bone	I-ANAT
fracture	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
:	O
inhibition	B-PROC
by	O
polysaccharide	B-CHED
from	O
Ginkgo	B-SPEC
biloba	I-SPEC
exocarp	O
and	O
mode	O
of	O
its	O
action	O
.	O

Polysaccharide	B-CHED
also	O
showed	O
effective	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
when	O
added	O
at	O
the	O
viral	O
attachment	O
and	O
entry	O
steps	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
polysaccharide	B-CHED
effectively	O
inactivated	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
time	O
-,	O
dose	O
-	O
and	O
temperature	O
-	O
dependent	O
manners	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
this	O
research	O
revealed	O
that	O
polysaccharide	O
could	O
inhibit	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
that	O
polysaccharide	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
interactions	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
attachment	O
and	O
entry	O
to	O
the	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
was	O
hindered	O
by	O
the	O
polysaccharide	B-CHED
.	O

Refractory	O
seizures	B-DISO
,	O
GCS	O
<	O
8	O
,	O
bradycardia	B-DISO
,	O
shock	O
and	O
severe	O
anaemia	B-DISO
were	O
independent	O
predictors	O
for	O
mortality	O
in	O
children	O
of	O
AFE	O
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
mortality	O
and	O
higher	O
prevalence	O
of	O
complications	O
,	O
representing	O
the	O
actual	O
challenge	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
.	O

Anemia	B-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
78	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
sample	O
.	O

Fever	B-PROC
(	O
43	O
,	O
61	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
(	O
42	O
,	O
60	O
%),	O
and	O
cough	B-DISO
(	O
38	O
,	O
54	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
symptoms	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
developed	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
63	O
,	O
90	O
%)	O
and	O
required	O
intensive	O
care	O
(	O
49	O
,	O
70	O
%).	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
infection	B-DISO
requiring	O
intensive	O
care	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
ER	B-PROC
stress	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
its	O
involvement	O
in	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
this	O
negative	O
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
strategy	O
upon	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
,	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
renal	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Three	O
out	O
of	O
four	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
elevated	O
EVLWI	O
tolerated	O
the	O
NFB	O
protocol	O
.	O

Noninvasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
treatment	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
COPD	B-DISO
exacerbations	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
reviews	O
was	O
to	O
verify	O
noninvasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
benefits	O
and	O
complications	O
in	O
acute	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
.	O

Instead	O
,	O
UV	O
-	O
inactivated	O
SHXB	O
(	O
UV	O
-	O
SHXB	O
)	O
had	O
the	O
opposite	O
effects	O
in	O
immature	O
Mo	O
-	O
DCs	B-DISO
.	O

Genetic	B-PROC
polymorphisms	I-PROC
are	O
gene	O
variations	O
in	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
%	O
population	O
.	O

These	O
gene	O
variations	O
may	O
influence	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
response	O
mediators	O
'	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
directly	O
affecting	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
the	O
intensity	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
clinical	O
course	O
and	O
outcome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
antibody	B-COMP
test	O
and	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
infection	O
by	O
Leishmania	O
infantum	O
in	O
clinically	O
normal	O
and	O
sick	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
the	O
conservation	O
pattern	O
identified	O
for	O
5	O
'	O
and	O
3	O
'-	O
terminal	O
RNA	O
structural	O
elements	O
in	O
the	O
genomes	O
of	O
alpha	O
-	O
and	O
betacoronaviruses	O
is	O
in	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
widely	O
used	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	O
-	O
based	O
classification	O
of	O
the	O
Coronavirinae	B-SPEC
,	O
suggesting	O
co	O
-	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
machinery	O
with	O
cognate	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
RNA	O
elements	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
if	O
this	O
change	O
was	O
sustained	O
,	O
nasal	B-ANAT
and	O
hand	O
carriage	O
rates	O
were	O
compared	O
between	O
the	O
earlier	O
studies	O
and	O
a	O
further	O
sampling	O
in	O
2011	O
.	O

In	O
2011	O
,	O
nasal	B-ANAT
carriage	O
was	O
similar	O
to	O
2003	O
(	O
22	O
·	O
9	O
%),	O
while	O
hand	O
contamination	O
dropped	O
further	O
to	O
3	O
·	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
·	O
001	O
).	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
respondents	O
set	O
permissive	O
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
targets	O
(	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
(	O
92	O
%),	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
(	O
58	O
%)	O
and	O
pH	O
(	O
90	O
%)).	O

Diffuse	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
alveolar	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
were	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
Ray	B-SPEC
.	O

He	O
developed	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
syndromes	B-DISO
(	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
,	O
renal	B-ANAT
,	O
coagulation	B-PROC
,	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
and	O
metabolic	B-PROC
).	O

The	O
most	O
important	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
were	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
elevated	O
hematocrit	O
and	O
hemoglobin	O
concentrations	O
,	O
elevated	O
liver	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
,	O
elevated	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
and	O
a	O
positive	O
sorology	O
for	O
Hantavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
ELISA	O
IgM	B-PRGE
positive	O
).	O

An	O
early	O
and	O
adequate	O
resuscitation	O
with	O
goal	O
-	O
directed	O
therapy	O
enabled	O
the	O
reversion	O
of	O
the	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
syndromes	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
favorable	O
outcome	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Corticosteroids	B-CHED
were	O
introduced	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
infection	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
nineteen	O
forties	O
.	O

When	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
ACTH	B-PRGE
test	O
are	O
available	O
,	O
treatment	O
should	O
be	O
continued	O
for	O
7	O
days	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
responders	O
to	O
ACTH	B-PRGE
and	O
withdraw	O
in	O
the	O
responders	O
.	O

Whether	O
responders	O
to	O
ACTH	B-PRGE
with	O
high	O
baseline	O
cortisol	B-CHED
levels	O
(>	O
34	O
µg	O
/	O
dL	O
)	O
have	O
tissue	B-ANAT
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
cortisol	B-CHED
and	O
also	O
should	O
receive	O
exogenous	O
hormones	B-CHED
remains	O
to	O
be	O
evaluated	O
in	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
from	O
sepsis	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
has	O
steadily	O
decreased	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
decades	O
,	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
newborns	O
remains	O
high	O
(	O
20	O
%	O
to	O
40	O
%)	O
despite	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

The	O
administration	O
of	O
the	O
drug	O
was	O
successful	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
recovered	O
from	O
the	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
without	O
bleeding	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
by	O
face	B-DISO
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
interviews	O
in	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
October	O
2005	O
to	O
March	O
2006	O
.	O

Thirty	O
one	O
(	O
44	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
interviewed	O
finds	O
the	O
ideal	O
PEEP	B-CHED
through	O
the	O
best	O
SpO2	O
with	O
minor	O
FiO2	O
.	O

A	O
15	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
29	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
immunocompetent	O
female	O
were	O
admitted	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
with	O
primary	O
varicella	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
sample	O
of	O
sputum	B-ANAT
showed	O
Strongyloides	B-SPEC
stercoralis	I-SPEC
worms	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
severity	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
is	O
caused	O
,	O
mainly	O
by	O
P	O
.	O
falciparum	O
and	O
may	O
occur	O
together	O
with	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
,	O
hematologic	O
,	O
circulatory	B-PROC
and	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
complications	O
.	O

During	O
his	O
stay	O
at	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
P	O
.	O
Falciparum	B-DISO
Malaria	I-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
through	O
the	O
thick	O
drop	O
test	O
.	O

After	O
being	O
discharged	O
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
did	O
not	O
present	O
any	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
or	O
kidney	B-ANAT
sequel	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
prospective	O
longitudinal	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
enteric	O
disease	O
associated	O
with	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
calves	O
aging	B-PROC
up	O
to	O
70	O
days	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
850	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
67	O
calves	O
.	O

Virulence	B-PROC
factors	O
of	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
in	O
103	O
strains	O
:	O
eae	O
(	O
7	O
),	O
K99	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
STa	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
Stx1	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
Stx1	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
eae	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
36	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
Stx1	B-PRGE
/	O
Stx2	B-PRGE
/	O
eae	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
Stx2	B-PRGE
(	O
43	O
),	O
and	O
Stx2	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
eae	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
).	I-PRGE

Rotavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
49	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
76	O
%)	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
33	O
calves	O
(	O
49	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evolutionary	O
and	O
bioinformatic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
gene	O
of	O
H120	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
protectotype	O
of	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
India	O
.	O

Nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
comparisons	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
reported	O
spike	O
gene	O
from	O
Indian	O
isolates	O
have	O
71	O
.	O
8	O
%-	O
99	O
%	O
and	O
71	O
.	O
4	O
%-	O
96	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
genetic	O
similarity	O
with	O
the	O
sequenced	O
H120	O
strain	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
relatedness	O
studies	O
of	O
the	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
with	O
reported	O
IBV	B-SPEC
sequences	O
from	O
India	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
current	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
is	O
efficient	O
in	O
controlling	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
uncommon	O
condition	B-DISO
in	O
pregnant	O
patients	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Serious	O
community	O
-	O
based	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
a	O
personal	O
concern	O
for	O
GPs	B-DISO
and	O
FPs	B-FUNC
,	O
and	O
have	O
considerable	O
effects	O
on	O
their	O
clinical	O
practice	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
162	O
individuals	O
between	O
August	O
2007	O
-	O
August	O
2009	O
.	O

Mechanically	O
ventilated	O
ICU	O
patients	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
severe	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
Murray	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
of	O
≥	O
3	O
).	O

Survival	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
was	O
the	O
dependent	O
variable	O
.	O

Severe	O
hyperammonemia	B-DISO
(	O
677	O
μmol	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
reference	O
range	O
≤	O
60	O
μmol	O
/	O
L	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
one	O
animal	B-SPEC
with	O
signs	O
of	O
encephalopathic	O
disease	O
that	O
subsequently	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
from	O
Riyadh	O
and	O
Jeddah	O
were	O
isolated	O
and	O
studied	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
child	O
(	O
German	O
,	O
male	O
)	O
with	O
H1N1	O
-	O
associated	O
fulminate	B-CHED
respiratory	O
and	O
secondary	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
deterioration	O
who	O
was	O
rescued	O
by	O
initial	O
emergent	O
ECMO	O
established	O
through	O
a	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
catheter	O
and	O
subsequent	O
switch	O
to	O
central	O
cannulation	O
following	O
median	O
sternotomy	O
.	O

Exposure	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
via	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
animals	B-SPEC
or	O
dairy	O
products	O
seems	O
unlikely	O
for	O
the	O
two	O
Dutch	O
cases	O
.	O

More	O
comprehensive	O
research	O
into	O
sources	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
strengthen	O
and	O
specify	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Twelve	O
non	O
-	O
cases	O
drank	O
unpasteurized	O
camel	B-SPEC
milk	O
and	O
had	O
contact	O
with	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
parallel	O
,	O
DNA	O
aptamers	O
that	O
form	O
G4s	O
have	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
and	O
diagnostic	O
tools	O
to	O
detect	O
viruses	B-SPEC
[	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HAV	B-DISO
),	O
EBV	O
,	O
cauliflower	B-SPEC
mosaic	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CaMV	B-SPEC
),	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
simian	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
40	I-SPEC
(	O
SV40	B-SPEC
)].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Proteome	O
profile	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
testicular	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
coronavirus	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
interactions	O
occurring	O
between	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
during	O
a	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
are	O
complex	O
.	O

A	O
proteomic	O
approach	O
using	O
isobaric	O
tags	O
for	O
relative	O
and	O
absolute	O
quantitation	O
(	O
iTRAQ	O
)-	O
coupled	O
two	O
-	O
dimensional	O
liquid	O
chromatography	O
-	O
tandem	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
identification	O
was	O
conducted	O
on	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
ST	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
the	O
response	O
profile	O
of	O
ST	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
following	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
analyzed	O
using	O
iTRAQ	O
technology	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
description	O
of	O
the	O
late	O
proteomic	O
changes	O
that	O
are	O
occurring	O
after	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
vigorous	O
viral	O
production	O
are	O
novel	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Swift	B-SPEC
recovery	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
under	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
.	O

High	O
eosinophilia	B-DISO
is	O
connected	O
with	O
production	O
of	O
cytotoxic	O
eosinophilic	O
proteins	B-CHED
which	O
can	O
cause	O
eosinophilic	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
or	O
eosinophilic	B-DISO
myocarditis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Because	O
of	O
technological	O
advancements	O
and	O
encouraging	O
experiences	O
during	O
the	O
2009	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
epidemic	O
,	O
many	O
critical	O
care	O
clinicians	O
consider	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
a	O
reasonable	O
strategy	O
for	O
managing	O
patients	O
with	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
when	O
standardized	O
therapies	O
have	O
failed	O
.	O

Nasal	O
and	O
throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
specimens	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
129	O
pilgrims	O
in	O
2013	O
before	O
they	O
departed	O
from	O
France	O
and	O
before	O
they	O
left	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
and	O
tested	O
by	O
PCR	O
for	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
after	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
lines	O
differing	O
in	O
MBL	O
serum	O
concentration	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
TCRγδ	O
+	O
CD8α	O
+	O
cells	O
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
of	O
noninfected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
increased	O
from	O
week	O
0	O
to	O
3	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
WHO	O
has	O
been	O
severely	O
compromised	O
by	O
post	O
-	O
2003	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
staffing	O
,	O
budget	O
cuts	O
,	O
a	O
weakened	O
IHR	O
treaty	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
unambiguous	O
legal	O
mandate	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hantavirus	B-SPEC
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
HPS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
disease	O
of	O
viral	O
etiology	O
that	O
affects	O
humans	B-SPEC
causing	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
reactions	O
are	O
the	O
first	O
steps	O
of	O
N	O
-	O
linked	O
glycan	B-CHED
processing	O
and	O
are	O
essential	O
for	O
proper	O
folding	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
many	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
.	O

RecV	O
and	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
capacity	O
(	O
IC	O
)	O
were	O
determined	O
in	O
12	O
LH	O
and	O
in	O
25	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
during	O
incremental	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
steps	O
of	O
2	O
cmH2	B-DISO
O	O
).	O

Maximum	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
was	O
reached	O
with	O
fewer	O
PEEP	B-CHED
steps	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
LH	O
patients	O
(	O
11	O
vs	O
.	O
14	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
current	O
transfusion	O
guidelines	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
support	O
restrictive	O
transfusion	O
practice	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
18	O
patients	O
receiving	O
vvECMO	O
due	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Mean	O
lactate	B-CHED
clearance	O
from	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
the	O
third	O
day	O
was	O
45	O
.	O
4	O
±	O
28	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
with	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
between	O
survivors	O
and	O
nonsurvivors	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
19	O
).	O

In	O
our	O
cohort	O
of	O
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
due	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
a	O
restrictive	O
transfusion	O
protocol	O
did	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
an	O
increased	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
,	O
which	O
is	O
highly	O
soluble	O
in	O
perflubron	B-CHED
,	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
relax	O
airway	B-ANAT
smooth	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Surveillance	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
possible	O
introduction	O
and	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
this	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
Catalonia	O
,	O
northeastern	O
Spain	O
.	O

These	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
cell	B-PATH
cycle	I-PATH
,	O
cellular	B-PROC
growth	B-PROC
and	O
proliferation	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
,	O
etc	O
.	O

The	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
3	O
dogs	B-SPEC
submitted	O
for	O
necropsy	O
were	O
diffusely	O
and	O
severely	O
reddened	O
due	O
to	O
hyperemia	B-DISO
and	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
.	O

Affymetrix	O
Microarray	O
analysis	O
for	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
data	O
reveals	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
that	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
by	O
activated	O
microglia	B-ANAT
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
guidance	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
under	O
bedside	O
lung	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
(	O
US	O
)	O
assessment	O
in	O
adults	O
has	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
procedure	O
for	O
performing	O
RM	O
that	O
avoids	O
ionizing	O
radiation	O
overexposure	O
.	O

White	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
counts	O
were	O
normal	O
or	O
decreased	O
.	O

Recent	O
advances	O
in	O
the	O
fields	O
of	O
virology	O
and	O
pathology	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
fundamental	O
in	O
improving	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
,	O
in	O
providing	O
improved	O
vaccination	O
strategies	O
and	O
in	O
developing	O
newer	O
,	O
more	O
effective	O
treatments	O
for	O
patients	O
worldwide	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
ultraprotective	O
ventilation	O
,	O
extracorporeal	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
removal	O
,	O
and	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	O
on	O
lung	B-ANAT
morphofunction	O
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
experimental	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Animals	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
7	O
per	O
group	O
)	O
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
to	O
6	O
h	O
of	O
MV	O
(	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
)	O
with	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
conventional	O
P	O
-	O
MV	O
with	O
VT	O
≈	O
6	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
(	O
P	O
-	O
MVcontr	O
);	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
UP	O
-	O
MV	O
with	O
VT	O
≈	O
3	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
(	O
UP	O
-	O
MVcontr	O
);	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
UP	O
-	O
MV	O
with	O
VT	O
≈	O
3	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
and	O
SB	O
(	O
UP	O
-	O
MVspont	O
);	O
and	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
UP	O
-	O
MV	O
with	O
VT	O
≈	O
3	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
and	O
pressure	O
supported	O
SB	O
(	O
UP	O
-	O
MVPS	O
).	O

Pneumonia	B-DISO
accounted	O
for	O
82	O
%	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
causes	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
607	O
subjects	O
admitted	O
,	O
560	O
required	O
ventilatory	O
or	O
oxygen	B-CHED
support	O
,	O
among	O
whom	O
180	O
received	O
noninvasive	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multiple	O
bilateral	O
branch	B-ANAT
retinal	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
occlusions	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
vancomycin	O
red	B-DISO
man	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
multiple	O
bilateral	O
branch	B-ANAT
retinal	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
occlusions	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
vancomycin	B-CHED
infusion	O
in	O
an	O
African	O
American	O
patient	O
in	O
acute	O
sickle	O
crisis	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Retinal	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
occlusion	B-PROC
is	O
a	O
rare	O
but	O
potentially	O
devastating	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
MHV	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
less	O
sensitive	O
to	O
perturbation	O
of	O
endosomal	O
pH	O
than	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
fuse	O
in	O
early	O
and	O
late	O
endosomes	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Fusion	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
was	O
severely	O
inhibited	O
by	O
a	O
pan	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
lysosomal	B-ANAT
protease	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
,	O
while	O
trafficking	B-PROC
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
to	O
lysosomes	B-COMP
and	O
processing	O
by	O
lysosomal	B-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
was	O
no	O
longer	O
required	O
when	O
a	O
furin	B-ENZY
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
immediately	O
upstream	O
of	O
the	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
.	O

They	O
had	O
an	O
infusion	O
of	O
methyl	B-CHED
-	O
D9	O
-	O
choline	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
and	O
small	O
volume	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
BALF	O
)	O
was	O
obtained	O
at	O
0	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
12	O
,	O
24	O
,	O
48	O
,	O
72	O
and	O
96	O
hours	O
.	O

Controls	O
were	O
healthy	O
volunteers	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
BALF	O
at	O
24	O
and	O
48	O
hours	O
after	O
methyl	O
-	O
D9	O
-	O
choline	B-CHED
infusion	O
.	O

BALF	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
consisted	O
of	O
diminished	O
total	O
PC	O
and	O
fractional	O
PC16	O
:	O
0	O
/	O
16	O
:	O
0	O
concentrations	O
compared	O
to	O
healthy	O
controls	O
.	O

The	O
enrichment	O
of	O
methyl	B-CHED
-	O
D9	O
-	O
choline	B-CHED
into	O
surfactant	B-CHED
total	O
PC	O
is	O
nearly	O
doubled	O
in	O
patients	O
,	O
with	O
considerable	O
variation	O
between	O
individuals	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
gammacoronaviruses	O
that	O
mainly	O
infect	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Genetically	O
diverse	O
CoVs	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
from	O
wild	O
aquatic	O
birds	B-SPEC
that	O
may	O
represent	O
a	O
potential	O
reservoir	O
for	O
avian	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
hosts	B-COMP
for	O
mutations	O
and	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
leading	O
to	O
new	O
serotypes	O
or	O
genera	O
.	O

Lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
,	O
enriched	O
in	O
sphingolipids	B-CHED
,	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
and	O
associated	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
are	O
special	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
microdomains	O
involved	O
in	O
several	O
processes	O
in	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Possible	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
include	O
respiratory	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
,	O
central	B-DISO
nervous	I-DISO
system	I-DISO
depression	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
serotonin	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
736	O
-	O
761	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
induce	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
:	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
vaccines	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

Therapy	O
included	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
surgery	O
of	O
the	O
primary	O
infectious	B-DISO
lesion	O
,	O
and	O
postoperative	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
.	O

Seven	O
patients	O
were	O
intubated	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
developed	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
primary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
sites	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
middle	B-ANAT
ear	I-ANAT
(	O
11	O
),	O
oropharynx	B-ANAT
(	O
8	O
),	O
sinus	B-DISO
(	O
3	O
),	O
and	O
oral	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
(	O
1	O
).	O

All	O
23	O
patients	O
survived	O
the	O
disseminated	O
infection	B-DISO
without	O
consecutive	O
systemic	O
morbidity	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
time	O
,	O
septic	O
internal	B-ANAT
jugular	I-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
thrombophlebitis	B-DISO
was	O
a	O
highly	O
fatal	O
condition	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
90	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Angiotensin	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
mediates	O
influenza	B-DISO
H7N9	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
healthy	O
subjects	O
harbored	O
primarily	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
patients	O
showed	O
an	O
enrichment	O
of	O
Haemophilus	B-SPEC
or	O
Moraxella	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
types	O
were	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
were	O
rather	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
the	O
subjects	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dead	B-PROC
space	O
:	O
the	O
physiology	O
of	O
wasted	B-DISO
ventilation	O
.	O

Sows	O
were	O
vaccinated	O
intramuscularly	O
twice	O
at	O
four	O
and	O
two	O
weeks	O
prior	O
to	O
farrowing	B-PROC
with	O
2ml	O
/	O
head	B-ANAT
vaccine	O
dose	O
.	O

Among	O
recombinant	O
spike	O
S1	O
,	O
S2	O
,	O
S3	O
,	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
S3	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
presented	O
the	O
highest	O
antibody	B-COMP
level	O
in	O
the	O
K	O
/	O
K	O
group	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Killed	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
SM98	O
vaccine	O
induced	O
higher	O
antibody	B-COMP
levels	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
was	O
isolated	O
in	O
33	O
patients	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hRV	O
)	O
in	O
22	O
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
AdV	O
)	O
in	O
19	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
in	O
13	O
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
10	O
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
7	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
hCoV	O
)	O
in	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
one	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
in	O
33	O
patients	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hRV	O
)	O
in	O
22	O
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
AdV	O
)	O
in	O
19	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
in	O
13	O
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
10	O
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
7	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
hCoV	O
)	O
in	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
one	O
.	O

Current	O
data	O
on	O
approved	O
and	O
novel	O
treatments	O
for	O
non	O
-	O
influenza	B-DISO
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
challenges	O
of	O
treating	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
was	O
highlighted	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
343	O
critical	O
patients	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
prospective	O
multicenter	O
cohort	O
study	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
163	O
patients	O
who	O
developed	O
ARDS	O
were	O
considered	O
as	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
2	O
case	O
lost	B-CHED
to	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
49	O
died	B-PROC
)	O
and	O
180	O
patients	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
regarded	O
as	O
severe	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
1	O
case	O
lost	B-CHED
to	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
34	O
died	B-PROC
).	O

Three	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
directly	O
associated	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
deterioration	O
.	O

The	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
univariate	O
and	O
multivariable	O
logistic	O
regression	O
.	O

To	O
identify	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
specific	O
ATF3	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
ALI	O
/	O
VILI	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
ATF3	B-PRGE
chimera	B-DISO
by	O
adoptive	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
(	O
BM	O
)	O
transfer	O
and	O
randomized	O
to	O
inhaled	B-PROC
saline	O
or	O
lipopolysacharide	O
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
MV	O
).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
absence	O
of	O
ATF3	B-PRGE
in	O
parenchymal	O
cells	B-COMP
resulted	O
in	O
loss	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
membrane	B-COMP
integrity	O
and	O
increased	O
exudative	O
edema	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
prevention	O
of	O
a	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
pandemic	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
a	O
distinct	O
reservoir	O
and	O
ecological	O
niche	O
,	O
sequence	O
analyses	O
,	O
and	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
flagella	B-ANAT
,	O
we	O
designate	O
these	O
isolates	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
Bartonella	B-SPEC
sp	O
.	O
named	O
Bartonella	B-SPEC
dromedarii	O
sp	O
.	O
nov	O
.	O
Further	O
studies	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
explore	O
its	O
zoonotic	O
potential	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acquisition	O
of	O
new	O
protein	B-CHED
domains	O
by	O
coronaviruses	O
:	O
analysis	O
of	O
overlapping	O
genes	O
coding	O
for	O
proteins	O
N	O
and	O
9b	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
Precautions	O
for	O
Protection	O
from	O
Bioaerosols	O
or	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Agents	O
:	O
A	O
Review	O
of	O
the	O
Clinical	O
Effectiveness	O
and	O
Guidelines	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O

Healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
are	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
exposure	O
to	O
these	O
agents	O
given	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
their	O
jobs	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
risk	O
both	O
becoming	O
infected	O
,	O
and	O
spreading	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
to	O
other	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
cohort	O
of	O
119	O
adults	O
with	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
was	O
followed	O
up	O
prospectively	O
for	O
12	O
months	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
viruses	B-SPEC
found	O
in	O
patients	O
experiencing	O
exacerbations	O
were	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
19	O
of	O
65	O
,	O
39	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
16	O
of	O
65	O
,	O
24	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
and	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
B	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
16	O
of	O
65	O
,	O
24	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

However	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
advanced	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
currently	O
in	O
use	O
,	O
in	O
20	O
to	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
a	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
cannot	O
be	O
detected	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
neutralization	O
and	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
on	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
vaccinated	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

For	O
prokaryotic	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
partial	O
fragments	O
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
the	O
size	O
and	O
location	O
of	O
S1	O
,	O
S2	O
,	O
and	O
S3	O
,	O
and	O
full	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
was	O
performed	O
using	O
specific	O
primers	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
onset	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
after	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
pneumonia	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

Few	O
weeks	O
after	O
,	O
dysphagia	B-DISO
occurred	O
and	O
electrophysiologic	O
tests	O
showed	O
progressive	O
axonal	O
involvement	O
with	O
spread	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
cranial	B-ANAT
nerves	I-ANAT
.	O

An	O
analysis	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
discovery	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
novel	O
viruses	B-SPEC
discovered	O
annually	O
is	O
an	O
artifact	O
of	O
inadequate	O
surveillance	O
in	O
tropical	O
and	O
subtropical	O
countries	O
,	O
where	O
even	O
established	O
endemic	O
pathogens	O
are	O
often	O
misdiagnosed	O
.	O

Many	O
of	O
the	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
future	O
are	O
already	O
infecting	O
humans	B-SPEC
but	O
remain	O
to	O
be	O
uncovered	O
by	O
a	O
strategy	O
of	O
disease	O
surveillance	O
in	O
selected	O
populations	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
median	O
platelet	B-ANAT
(	O
PLT	O
)	O
count	O
at	O
ICU	O
admission	O
(	O
162	O
vs	O
.	O
97	O
×	O
10	O
/	O
L	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
046	O
)	O
and	O
pre	O
-	O
day	O
1	O
(	O
118	O
.	O
5	O
vs	O
.	O
62	O
.	O
5	O
×	O
10	O
/	O
L	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
046	O
)	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
ECMO	O
-	O
weaned	B-PROC
group	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
weaning	O
failure	O
group	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
PLT	O
level	O
of	O
70	O
×	O
10	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
the	O
odds	O
ratio	O
for	O
successful	O
ECMO	O
weaning	B-PROC
was	O
11	O
.	O
0	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]	O
1	O
.	O
34	O
-	O
87	O
.	O
16	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
023	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
.	O

Upon	O
admission	O
,	O
we	O
immediately	O
initiated	O
artificial	O
organ	B-ANAT
support	O
systems	O
,	O
including	O
ventilator	O
,	O
continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
,	O
and	O
cardiovascular	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
infusion	O
for	O
septic	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
source	O
control	O
.	O

The	O
case	O
developed	O
abdominal	B-DISO
compartment	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
for	O
which	O
we	O
performed	O
a	O
bedside	O
decompressive	O
laparotomy	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
recipients	O
of	O
lungs	B-ANAT
from	O
heavy	O
drinkers	O
would	O
be	O
more	O
susceptible	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
following	O
transplantation	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
,	O
donor	B-CHED
histories	O
and	O
transplant	B-ANAT
outcomes	O
were	O
reviewed	O
in	O
192	O
consecutive	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

Donors	O
were	O
classified	O
as	O
No	O
Alcohol	O
Use	O
,	O
Moderate	O
Alcohol	O
Use	O
,	O
or	O
Heavy	B-DISO
Alcohol	I-DISO
Use	I-DISO
based	O
on	O
documented	O
donor	B-CHED
histories	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Freedom	O
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
took	O
longer	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
whose	O
donors	O
had	O
Heavy	B-DISO
Alcohol	I-DISO
Use	I-DISO
,	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
whose	O
donors	O
had	O
No	O
Alcohol	O
Use	O
or	O
Moderate	O
Alcohol	O
Use	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Non	O
-	O
invasive	O
assessment	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
elastance	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ELLB	O
was	O
assessed	O
for	O
each	O
step	O
as	O
the	O
ratio	O
between	O
the	O
change	O
in	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
induced	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
change	O
measured	O
by	O
direct	O
spirometry	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
linear	O
correlation	O
between	O
ELLB	O
/	O
ERS	B-DISO
and	O
ELPeso	O
/	O
ERS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
increase	O
and	O
the	O
decrease	O
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
R²	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
R²	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
00	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

An	O
immunocompetent	O
54	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
was	O
exposed	O
to	O
plant	B-SPEC
mulch	O
during	O
gardening	O
and	O
subsequently	O
developed	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
that	O
progressed	O
to	O
sepsis	B-DISO
with	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Previous	O
work	O
showed	O
that	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
mutated	O
catalytic	O
site	O
(	O
N1348A	O
)	O
replicated	O
similarly	O
to	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
virus	B-SPEC
but	O
was	O
unable	O
to	O
cause	O
acute	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Receptor	O
recognition	O
by	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
the	O
first	O
and	O
essential	O
step	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
of	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
recognize	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
receptors	O
,	O
infect	O
many	O
hosts	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
are	O
health	O
threats	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
receptor	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
contains	O
two	O
distinctive	O
domains	O
,	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
S1	O
-	O
NTD	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
S1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CTD	I-PRGE
),	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
can	O
function	O
as	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domains	O
(	O
RBDs	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Effects	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
combined	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
on	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
burn	O
complicated	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
].	O

Lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
combining	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
can	O
significantly	O
improve	O
the	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
burn	O
complicated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
may	O
therefore	O
improve	O
the	O
prognosis	O
.	O

(	O
3	O
)	O
The	O
patients	O
received	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
at	O
2	O
to	O
72	O
h	O
after	O
burn	O
,	O
lasting	O
for	O
14	O
-	O
32	O
(	O
21	O
±	O
13	O
)	O
d	O
.	O
At	O
post	O
injury	O
day	O
3	O
-	O
14	O
(	O
7	O
±	O
5	O
)	O
d	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
was	O
applied	O
for	O
2	O
-	O
5	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
d	O
.	O
All	O
15	O
patients	O
recovered	O
without	O
other	O
complications	O
.	O

We	O
enrolled	O
614	O
children	O
aged	O
2	O
to	O
59	O
months	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
presenting	O
at	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
paediatric	O
unit	O
of	O
Mulago	O
hospital	O
.	O

Children	O
with	O
'	B-PATH
asthma	I-PATH
syndrome	B-DISO
'	O
had	O
a	O
significantly	O
shorter	O
hospital	O
stay	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Factors	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
prolonged	O
hospitalization	O
among	O
children	O
with	O
asthma	B-PATH
syndrome	B-DISO
included	O
age	O
less	O
than	O
12	O
months	O
(	O
RR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
),	O
hypoxemia	O
(	O
RR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
),	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
malnutrition	I-DISO
(	O
RR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
).	O

Studies	O
have	O
revealed	O
both	O
functional	O
conservation	O
and	O
mechanistic	O
divergence	O
among	O
the	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
of	O
different	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
in	O
perturbing	O
host	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
responses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
How	O
and	O
why	O
overcome	O
the	O
impediments	O
to	O
resolution	O
:	O
lessons	O
from	O
rhinolophid	O
and	O
hipposiderid	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
that	O
host	B-COMP
phylogeny	O
is	O
the	O
primary	O
factor	O
that	O
determines	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
persistence	O
,	O
replicative	O
ability	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
predictor	O
of	O
new	O
emerging	O
disease	O
.	O

29	O
patients	O
(	O
69	O
%)	O
were	O
transported	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
support	O
,	O
while	O
13	O
patients	O
(	O
31	O
%)	O
were	O
transported	O
with	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anaphylaxis	B-DISO
:	O
Unique	O
aspects	O
of	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
management	O
in	O
infants	O
(	O
birth	B-PROC
to	O
age	O
2	O
years	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
rostrum	O
we	O
aim	O
to	O
increase	O
awareness	O
of	O
anaphylaxis	O
in	O
infancy	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
improve	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
recurrences	B-DISO
.	O

Anaphylaxis	B-DISO
is	O
increasingly	O
reported	O
in	O
this	O
age	O
group	O
.	O

Epinephrine	B-CHED
(	O
adrenaline	B-CHED
)	O
treatment	O
is	O
underused	O
in	O
health	O
care	O
and	O
community	O
settings	O
.	O

During	O
7	O
days	O
of	O
ECMO	O
use	O
,	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
scores	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
for	O
survivors	O
than	O
nonsurvivors	O
.	O

Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
are	O
younger	O
,	O
have	O
shorter	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
lower	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
scores	O
before	O
ECMO	O
initiation	O
have	O
more	O
favorable	O
survival	O
outcome	O
.	O

The	O
scores	O
for	O
protein	B-CHED
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
cases	O
with	O
longer	O
survival	O
after	O
burn	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

Histological	O
findings	O
associated	O
with	O
diffuse	B-DISO
alveolar	I-DISO
damage	I-DISO
(	O
DAD	O
),	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
pathological	O
correlate	O
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
were	O
seen	O
in	O
approximately	O
42	O
%	O
of	O
autopsies	O
studied	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Type	O
II	O
epithelial	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
cases	O
with	O
a	O
longer	O
time	O
between	O
burn	O
and	O
admission	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

The	O
emergence	O
of	O
deadly	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
have	O
bolstered	O
research	O
in	O
these	O
viral	O
and	O
often	O
zoonotic	O
pathogens	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
article	O
was	O
to	O
review	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
in	O
acute	O
pulmonary	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
H1N1	O
and	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
disease	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
NIV	O
from	O
patients	O
to	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
.	O

This	O
strong	O
indication	O
of	O
vaccine	O
association	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
of	O
live	O
793B	O
vaccine	O
use	O
on	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
farms	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
control	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
field	O
is	O
hampered	O
by	O
the	O
many	O
different	O
strains	O
circulating	O
worldwide	O
and	O
the	O
limited	O
protection	O
across	O
strains	O
due	O
to	O
serotype	O
diversity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
structural	O
view	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
receptor	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
),	O
the	O
envelope	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
CoV	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
to	O
-	O
host	B-COMP
transmission	O
.	O

CoV	O
responsible	O
for	O
recent	O
outbreaks	O
have	O
extraordinary	O
potential	O
for	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
;	O
their	O
RBD	O
bear	B-SPEC
large	O
platforms	O
specialized	O
in	O
recognition	O
of	O
receptors	O
from	O
different	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
facilitates	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
to	O
-	O
host	B-COMP
circulation	B-PROC
and	O
adaptation	B-PROC
to	O
man	B-CHED
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
revealed	O
a	O
unique	O
course	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
for	O
the	O
SCID	B-DISO
group	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
that	O
appear	O
during	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
are	O
likely	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
adaptation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
replication	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
not	O
immune	O
selection	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
anti	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
drugs	O
currently	O
are	O
not	O
available	O
.	O

In	O
an	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
assist	O
rapid	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
anti	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
drugs	O
,	O
here	O
we	O
screened	O
the	O
NIH	O
Clinical	O
Collection	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
using	O
a	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
reporter	O
-	O
expressing	O
recombinant	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Since	O
the	O
NIH	O
Clinical	O
Collection	O
consists	O
of	O
compounds	O
that	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
through	O
clinical	O
trials	O
,	O
these	O
small	O
molecule	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
have	O
a	O
great	O
potential	O
for	O
rapid	O
development	B-PROC
as	O
anti	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
drugs	O
.	O

Etiology	O
of	O
EA	O
COPD	B-DISO
are	O
mainly	O
infectious	B-DISO
,	O
viral	O
(	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenzae	O
or	O
parainfluenzae	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
)	O
or	O
bacterial	O
(	O
Haemophilus	B-SPEC
influenzae	I-SPEC
,	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
or	O
Moraxella	B-SPEC
catarrhalis	I-SPEC
).	O

AE	O
COPD	O
treatments	O
consist	O
on	O
increase	O
in	O
bronchodilators	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
physiotherapy	O
,	O
and	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
if	O
sputum	B-ANAT
is	O
frankly	O
purulent	O
.	O

During	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
supplementation	O
and	O
thromboprophylaxis	O
could	O
be	O
prescribed	O
.	O

The	O
catalytic	O
Cys	B-CHED
of	O
PLP1α	O
is	O
unusual	O
in	O
being	O
adjacent	O
to	O
an	O
Ala	B-CHED
instead	O
of	O
a	O
Typ	B-PRGE
.	O

All	O
eight	O
of	O
the	O
minor	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
production	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
extracellular	B-COMP
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
outbreak	O
poses	O
a	O
serious	O
threat	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
summarize	O
recent	O
advances	O
in	O
identifying	O
human	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
monoclonal	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
(	O
mAbs	O
)	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
describe	O
their	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
action	O
,	O
and	O
analyze	O
their	O
potential	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Because	O
of	O
threatening	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
was	O
performed	O
immediately	O
after	O
ICU	O
admission	O
.	O

A	O
first	O
attempt	O
of	O
extubation	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
day	O
5	O
,	O
but	O
re	O
-	O
intubation	O
was	O
required	O
because	O
of	O
laryngeal	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

For	O
example	O
,	O
screening	O
of	O
Mallards	B-SPEC
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
IAV	O
)	O
have	O
repeatedly	O
revealed	O
high	O
prevalence	O
and	O
large	O
subtype	O
diversity	O
in	O
the	O
Northern	O
Hemisphere	O
.	O

Disease	O
dynamics	O
are	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
an	O
interplay	O
between	O
parasites	O
,	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
resources	O
;	O
and	O
is	O
imperative	O
that	O
we	O
begin	O
to	O
include	O
all	O
factors	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
risk	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Discovery	O
,	O
diversity	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
coronaviruses	O
sampled	O
from	O
rodents	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
LRNV	O
harbored	O
by	O
Rattus	B-SPEC
norvegicus	I-SPEC
formed	O
a	O
distinct	O
lineage	O
within	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
),	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
,	O
and	O
Hel	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
trees	O
,	O
but	O
formed	O
a	O
more	O
divergent	O
lineage	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
and	O
S	O
gene	O
trees	O
,	O
indicative	O
of	O
a	O
recombinant	O
origin	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
four	O
weekly	O
self	O
-	O
collected	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
obtained	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
4	O
samples	O
per	O
patient	O
(	O
range	O
1	O
-	O
17	O
).	O

To	O
assess	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
HCoVs	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
(	O
AGE	O
)	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

HCoVs	O
were	O
detected	O
simultaneously	O
in	O
stool	B-ANAT
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
samples	O
in	O
17	O
children	O
,	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
alone	O
in	O
33	O
children	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
stools	B-ANAT
alone	O
in	O
two	O
children	O
.	O

HCoVs	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
stools	B-ANAT
of	O
children	O
with	O
AGE	O
,	O
but	O
usually	O
together	O
with	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
concomitantly	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

HCoVs	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
stools	B-ANAT
of	O
eight	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
172	O
children	O
with	O
AGE	O
;	O
in	O
six	O
of	O
these	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
sample	O
was	O
also	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
respective	O
HCoV	O
.	O
Additionally	O
,	O
in	O
six	O
of	O
the	O
eight	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
stool	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
contained	O
either	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
or	O
calicivirus	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
these	O
direct	O
acting	O
antiviral	B-CHED
compounds	O
,	O
or	O
their	O
derivatives	O
,	O
warrant	O
further	O
investigation	O
for	O
clinical	O
use	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

As	O
of	O
May	O
9	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
536	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
and	O
145	O
deaths	B-PROC
have	O
been	O
reported	O
globally	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
health	O
care	O
-	O
associated	O
outbreaks	O
are	O
playing	O
a	O
pivotal	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
epidemic	O
in	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
RTIs	O
)	O
are	O
common	O
during	O
the	O
Hajj	O
season	O
and	O
are	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
organisms	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
via	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
or	O
contaminated	O
surfaces	O
.	O

Active	O
air	B-CHED
sampling	O
was	O
conducted	O
using	O
air	B-CHED
biosamplers	O
,	O
and	O
swabs	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
sample	O
frequently	O
touched	O
surfaces	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
58	O
environmental	B-SPEC
samples	I-SPEC
,	O
8	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
pathogen	O
.	O

The	O
handles	O
of	O
1	O
chair	O
were	O
cocontaminated	O
with	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
/	O
HKU1	O
and	O
H	O
influenzae	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
pathogens	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
and	O
on	O
surfaces	O
in	O
the	O
KAAI	O
Airport	O
in	O
Pilgrims	O
City	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
58	O
environmental	B-SPEC
samples	I-SPEC
,	O
8	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
pathogen	O
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
infectious	B-DISO
on	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
within	O
7	O
days	O
when	O
stored	O
at	O
room	O
temperature	O
and	O
within	O
21	O
days	O
when	O
stored	O
at	O
refrigerated	O
temperature	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genomics	O
and	O
proteomics	O
of	O
mycobacteriophage	O
patience	O
,	O
an	O
accidental	O
tourist	O
in	O
the	O
Mycobacterium	B-SPEC
neighborhood	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
here	O
mycobacteriophage	O
Patience	O
,	O
a	O
newly	O
isolated	O
phage	O
recovered	O
using	O
Mycobacterium	B-SPEC
smegmatis	I-SPEC
mc	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
155	O
as	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
has	O
an	O
abundance	O
of	O
codons	O
that	O
are	O
rare	O
in	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
are	O
decoded	O
by	O
wobble	O
tRNA	B-FUNC
pairing	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
phage	O
grows	O
well	O
and	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
genes	O
is	O
detected	O
by	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
.	O

The	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
incubation	O
steps	O
for	O
a	O
single	O
assay	O
was	O
reduced	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
50	O
%,	O
without	O
affecting	O
assay	O
performance	O
,	O
since	O
intermediate	O
wash	O
steps	O
became	O
redundant	O
in	O
the	O
continuously	O
perfused	O
bead	O
trapping	O
capillary	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Intravenous	O
fish	B-SPEC
oil	O
in	O
adult	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
patients	O
.	O

While	O
significant	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
on	O
infection	B-DISO
rates	O
and	O
the	O
lengths	O
of	O
ICU	O
and	O
hospital	O
stays	O
have	O
concordantly	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
three	O
recent	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
on	O
non	O
-	O
ICU	O
surgical	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
evidence	O
is	O
not	O
so	O
clear	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
obvious	O
positive	O
secondary	O
outcome	O
effects	O
with	O
intravenous	O
fish	B-SPEC
oil	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
transfer	O
to	O
lower	O
mortality	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
known	O
whether	O
DMV	O
morphology	O
or	O
another	O
function	O
of	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
glycosylation	B-PROC
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
effects	O
on	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Residues	O
in	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
distinct	O
from	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
)	O
luminal	B-CHED
loop	O
1	O
,	O
independently	O
disrupted	O
both	O
the	O
number	O
and	O
morphology	O
of	O
DMVs	O
and	O
exacerbated	O
DMV	O
changes	O
associated	O
with	O
loss	O
of	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
results	O
also	O
suggest	O
that	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
glycosylation	B-PROC
serves	O
roles	O
in	O
replication	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
organization	O
and	O
stability	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
double	O
-	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
.	O

Three	O
viral	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
nsps	O
),	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
,	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
nsp6	O
,	O
are	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
DMV	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pan	B-ANAT
-	I-PRGE
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	I-PRGE
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
SYBR	I-PRGE
Green	O
and	O
TaqMan	O
PCR	O
assays	O
;	O
use	O
in	O
studying	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
risk	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
hBoV	O
and	O
hCoV	O
and	O
severity	O
and	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
a	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
for	O
identification	O
of	O
15	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

A	O
previously	O
published	O
PCR	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
NS1	B-PRGE
Gene	I-PRGE
of	O
all	O
known	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
strains	O
was	O
also	O
utilized	O
.	O

Association	O
between	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
disease	O
outcome	O
was	O
assessed	O
using	O
logistic	O
regression	O
.	O

A	O
higher	O
proportion	O
(	O
61	O
.	O
5	O
%;	O
8	O
/	O
13	O
)	O
of	O
SeasFluA	O
/	O
hBoV	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
identified	O
in	O
patients	O
that	O
were	O
admitted	O
either	O
to	O
a	O
general	O
ward	O
or	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
compared	O
to	O
44	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
66	O
/	O
149	O
)	O
of	O
single	O
SeasFlu	O
A	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
67	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
34	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
17	O
).	O

Exposure	O
to	O
poultry	O
and	O
fomites	O
are	O
considered	O
the	O
likely	O
sources	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
for	O
H7N9	O
,	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
H10N8	O
,	O
with	O
limited	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
in	O
close	O
contacts	O
.	O

The	O
S2	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
carries	O
out	O
fusion	O
between	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

To	O
decrease	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
problems	O
among	O
neonatal	O
calves	O
,	O
a	O
standard	O
protocol	O
was	O
tested	O
on	O
13	O
herds	O
(	O
treatment	O
group	O
)	O
where	O
both	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
and	O
either	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
or	O
rota	O
-	O
or	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
as	O
being	O
involved	O
,	O
the	O
other	O
11	O
herds	O
served	O
as	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
protocol	O
consisted	O
of	O
2	O
points	O
of	O
action	O
:	O
preventive	O
vaccination	O
of	O
dams	O
against	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	O
rota	O
-	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
preventive	O
administration	O
of	O
halofuginone	O
lactate	O
to	O
newborn	O
calves	O
.	O

Non	O
-	O
significant	O
results	O
were	O
obtained	O
for	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
protocol	O
on	O
duration	O
of	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
colostral	O
IgG	B-PRGE
quantity	O
on	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Pulse	B-PROC
indicator	B-CHED
continuous	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
measurement	O
-	O
guided	O
treatment	O
aids	O
two	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
pancreatitis	O
complicated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

After	O
a	O
1	O
-	O
week	O
dosage	O
of	O
chemotherapeutic	O
drugs	O
(	O
pegaspargase	O
and	O
mitoxantrone	O
),	O
he	O
suffered	B-DISO
SAP	B-PRGE
combined	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Two	O
hours	O
later	O
,	O
GEDVI	O
significantly	O
increased	O
to	O
600	O
ml	O
/	O
m²	O
and	O
ELVWI	O
significantly	O
increased	O
to	O
10	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
the	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
declined	O
to	O
155	O
mmHg	O
,	O
the	O
bedside	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
showed	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
of	O
permeability	O
(	O
right	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
)	O
and	O
PEEP	B-CHED
was	O
adjusted	O
to	O
5	O
cmH₂O	O
(	O
1	O
cmH₂O	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
098	O
kPa	O
),	O
indicating	O
circulating	O
overload	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
initial	O
data	O
of	O
PiCCO	O
,	O
EVLWI	O
was	O
9	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
GEDVI	O
was	O
519	O
ml	O
/	O
m²	O
,	O
the	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
was	O
298	O
mmHg	O
,	O
the	O
bedside	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
showed	O
decreased	O
permeability	O
and	O
PEEP	B-CHED
was	O
adjusted	O
to	O
5	O
cmH₂O	O
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
guide	O
fluid	O
management	O
,	O
the	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
(	O
CI	O
)	O
was	O
measured	O
to	O
assess	O
cardiac	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
the	O
global	O
end	O
-	O
diastolic	O
volume	O
index	O
(	O
GEDVI	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
preload	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
extravascular	O
lung	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
index	O
(	O
EVLWI	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
primary	O
endpoint	O
was	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
DAD	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
stage	O
in	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
nonresolving	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
had	O
OLB	O
.	O

On	O
this	O
basis	O
,	O
the	O
systematic	O
use	O
of	O
steroids	B-CHED
in	O
nonresolving	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
recommended	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
P34	B-PRGE
is	O
an	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
peptide	B-CHED
produced	O
by	O
a	O
Bacillus	B-SPEC
sp	I-SPEC
.	O
strain	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
of	O
a	O
fish	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
Amazon	B-SPEC
basin	O
with	O
reported	O
antibacterial	O
activity	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
P34	O
exhibited	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
EAV	B-SPEC
and	O
FHV	O
-	O
1	O
.	O

This	O
finding	O
prompted	O
us	O
to	O
identify	O
other	O
potential	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
PLpro	O
on	O
IFN	B-PRGE
induction	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
used	O
plasmids	O
expressing	O
PLpro	O
and	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
including	O
an	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
mutant	I-PRGE
that	O
is	O
constitutively	O
active	O
,	O
called	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
(	O
5D	O
).	O

Watery	O
fecal	B-ANAT
stools	B-ANAT
were	O
significantly	O
correlated	O
with	O
C	O
.	O
parvum	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
set	O
included	O
the	O
type	O
I	O
FCoV	O
strain	O
Black	O
,	O
a	O
type	O
I	O
FCoV	O
strain	O
Black	O
with	O
restored	O
accessory	O
gene	B-PRGE
7b	I-PRGE
,	O
two	O
chimeric	O
type	O
I	O
/	O
type	O
II	O
FCoVs	O
and	O
the	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
type	O
II	O
FCoV	O
strain	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
.	O

One	O
key	O
area	O
of	O
research	O
in	O
the	O
positive	O
sense	B-PROC
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
field	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
central	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
is	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
rearrangements	O
by	O
this	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
for	O
the	O
assembly	O
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
complexes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Interactions	O
between	O
live	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
),	O
avian	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
aMPV	O
)	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
vaccines	O
following	O
simultaneous	O
vaccination	O
of	O
day	O
old	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
chicks	O
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

aMPV	O
vaccine	O
when	O
given	O
with	O
other	O
live	O
vaccines	O
suppressed	O
levels	O
of	O
aMPV	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Three	O
respiratory	O
clinical	O
samples	O
were	O
tested	O
on	O
well	O
-	O
differentiated	B-PROC
pseudostratified	O
tracheobronchial	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
(	O
HAE	O
)	O
cultures	O
grown	O
at	O
an	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
liquid	O
interface	O
,	O
which	O
resemble	O
the	O
airway	B-ANAT
epithelium	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
present	O
here	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
discovery	O
that	O
requires	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
culture	O
on	O
primary	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
an	O
antibody	B-COMP
detection	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
here	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
discovery	O
that	O
requires	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
culture	O
on	O
primary	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
an	O
antibody	B-COMP
detection	O
.	O

Samples	O
from	O
mumps	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
negative	O
patients	O
presenting	O
unilateral	O
or	O
bilateral	B-DISO
parotitis	I-DISO
or	O
other	O
salivary	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
swelling	B-DISO
were	O
tested	O
for	O
Epstein	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Barr	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EBV	O
)	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
and	O
for	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
two	O
multiplex	O
-	O
PCR	O
-	O
based	O
assays	O
to	O
detect	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
)	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
InV	O
)	O
A	O
,	O
B	O
and	O
C	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
229E	O
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
,	O
and	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Oral	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
of	O
glandular	B-ANAT
swelling	B-DISO
in	O
53	O
patients	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
days	O
in	O
74	O
patients	O
(	O
73	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

Owing	O
to	O
problems	O
such	O
as	O
long	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
,	O
existing	O
vaccines	O
cannot	O
provide	O
complete	O
protection	O
from	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
a	O
functional	O
mutant	B-DISO
(	O
N60K	O
)	O
of	O
nsp9	O
was	O
identified	O
to	O
compensate	O
for	O
a	O
6	O
nt	O
insertion	B-PROC
mutation	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
untranslated	O
region	O
(	O
UTR	O
),	O
which	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
potential	O
of	O
ERK	B-FUNC
/	O
MAPK	B-FUNC
and	O
PI3K	B-FUNC
/	O
AKT	B-PRGE
/	O
mTOR	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
modulation	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
as	O
identified	O
by	O
temporal	O
kinome	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
overrepresentation	O
of	O
specific	O
intermediates	O
within	O
these	O
pathways	B-PROC
determined	O
by	O
pathway	B-PROC
and	O
functional	O
network	O
analysis	O
of	O
our	O
kinome	O
data	O
correlated	O
with	O
similar	O
patterns	O
of	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
determined	O
through	O
Western	O
blot	O
array	O
analysis	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
specific	O
kinase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
on	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
culture	O
models	O
confirmed	O
these	O
cellular	B-COMP
response	O
observations	O
.	O

Six	O
required	O
salvage	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
one	O
survivor	O
.	O

ECMO	O
was	O
weaned	B-PROC
at	O
a	O
mean	O
duration	O
of	O
188	O
(	O
range	O
,	O
43	O
-	O
672	O
)	O
h	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
.	O

Aiming	O
to	O
reduce	O
transfusion	O
requirements	O
,	O
we	O
implemented	O
a	O
blood	B-ANAT
conservation	O
protocol	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
receiving	O
ECMO	O
.	O

The	O
physiologic	O
effects	O
of	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
are	O
increasingly	O
well	O
understood	O
,	O
and	O
important	O
recent	O
insights	O
have	O
emerged	O
regarding	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
action	O
of	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
and	O
acidosis	B-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
transported	O
via	O
EMS	O
were	O
older	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
had	O
fewer	O
lactates	O
>	O
4	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
),	O
a	O
more	O
altered	B-DISO
mental	I-DISO
status	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
and	O
higher	O
respiratory	O
rates	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
than	O
did	O
walk	O
-	O
in	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
logistic	O
model	O
,	O
mortality	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increasing	O
age	O
(	O
adjusted	O
odds	O
ratio	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
),	O
higher	O
first	O
-	O
measured	O
ED	O
lactates	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
),	O
and	O
increased	O
initial	O
SOFA	O
score	O
(	O
adjusted	O
odds	O
ratio	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
but	O
not	O
EMS	O
arrival	O
or	O
prehospital	O
fluids	B-ANAT
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
evidence	O
that	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
catalytic	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
3	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
),	O
deubiquitinates	O
and	O
stabilizes	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
oncoprotein	O
MDM2	B-PRGE
and	O
induces	O
the	O
proteasomal	O
degradation	O
of	O
p53	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ultraviolet	O
(	O
UV	O
)	O
reactors	O
used	O
for	O
disinfecting	O
water	B-CHED
and	O
wastewater	O
must	O
be	O
validated	O
and	O
monitored	O
over	O
time	O
.	O

A	O
tunable	O
laser	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Standards	O
and	O
Technology	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
isolate	O
single	O
UV	O
wavelengths	O
at	O
10	O
nm	O
intervals	O
between	O
210	O
and	O
290	O
nm	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
coliphage	O
,	O
MS2	O
exhibited	O
the	O
highest	O
relative	O
sensitivity	O
below	O
240	O
nm	O
,	O
relative	O
to	O
its	O
sensitivity	O
at	O
254	O
nm	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
Q	B-PRGE
Beta	I-PRGE
,	O
T1UV	O
,	O
T7m	O
and	O
T7	O
coliphage	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
characterize	O
the	O
2013	O
-	O
2014	O
epidemic	O
season	O
from	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
detection	O
of	O
influenza	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
;	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
molecular	O
genetic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
strains	O
isolated	O
from	O
deceased	B-PROC
patients	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
studies	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
knowledge	O
and	O
attitude	O
of	O
HCWs	O
at	O
national	O
level	O
so	O
that	O
effective	O
interventions	O
could	O
be	O
designed	O
as	O
surveillance	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
are	O
critical	O
to	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
at	O
evaluating	O
cytokine	O
-	O
associated	O
single	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
polymorphisms	B-PROC
(	O
SNPs	B-PROC
),	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
),	O
receptor	O
-	O
associated	O
SNPs	B-PROC
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
lectin	I-PRGE
DC	I-PRGE
-	O
SIGN	O
(	O
CD209	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
the	O
five	O
FIP	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
SNPs	B-PROC
identified	O
from	O
Birman	O
cats	B-SPEC
of	O
USA	O
and	O
Denmark	O
origins	O
and	O
their	O
associations	O
with	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
71	O
FIP	B-DISO
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
93	O
FCoV	O
infected	O
non	O
-	O
FIP	B-DISO
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
genetically	O
more	O
diverse	O
cat	B-SPEC
populations	O
.	O

The	O
level	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
applied	O
may	O
greatly	O
affect	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
,	O
thereby	O
masking	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
severity	O
,	O
which	O
should	O
reflect	O
the	O
underlying	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
lung	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
recruitability	O
).	O

The	O
potentially	O
recruitable	O
lung	B-ANAT
was	O
the	O
only	O
CT	O
-	O
derived	O
variable	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
007	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Background	O
:	O
Bat	O
-	O
borne	O
viruses	B-SPEC
pose	O
a	O
potential	O
risk	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
and	O
are	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
increasing	O
scientific	O
interest	O
.	O

Fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
across	O
Hungary	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
group	O
-	O
specific	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
screening	O
for	O
astro	O
-,	O
calici	O
-,	O
corona	B-CHED
-,	O
lyssa	B-DISO
-,	O
othoreo	O
-,	O
paramyxo	O
-,	O
and	O
rotaviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
Hungarian	O
BtCalV	O
did	O
not	O
cluster	O
with	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
calcivirus	O
genera	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
so	O
far	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
benefit	O
from	O
acetylsalicylic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
desensitization	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
nasal	O
polyposis	O
and	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Aspirin	B-CHED
-	O
exacerbated	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
AERD	O
),	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Samter	O
'	O
s	O
triad	B-COMP
,	O
is	O
a	O
clinical	O
syndrome	B-DISO
which	O
consists	O
of	O
aspirin	B-CHED
(	O
ASA	B-CHED
)	O
intolerance	B-PROC
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
rhinosinusitis	I-DISO
with	O
nasal	B-DISO
polyposis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
intrinsic	O
bronchial	B-DISO
asthma	B-PATH
(	O
Press	O
Med	O
119	O
:	O
48	O
-	O
51	O
,	O
1922	O
).	O

Further	O
,	O
it	O
allows	O
patients	O
to	O
tolerate	O
additional	O
ASA	B-CHED
and	O
other	O
non	O
-	O
steroidal	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatories	O
(	O
NSAIDs	B-CHED
)	O
when	O
needed	O
for	O
supplemental	O
analgesia	B-DISO
or	O
for	O
cardio	O
-	O
protection	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
of	O
particular	O
benefit	O
in	O
those	O
who	O
require	O
these	O
medications	O
for	O
improved	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
reduced	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
with	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
or	O
chronic	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
best	O
way	O
to	O
ensure	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
is	O
still	O
debated	O
,	O
recent	O
data	O
arguing	O
for	O
a	O
muscle	B-ANAT
paralysis	O
and	O
a	O
controlled	O
ventilation	O
whereas	O
other	O
elements	O
being	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
a	O
preserved	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
federal	O
guidelines	O
for	O
licensing	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
indicate	O
that	O
challenge	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
following	O
vaccination	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
conducted	O
in	O
embryonated	O
eggs	O
.	O

The	O
nine	O
residues	O
at	O
the	O
interface	O
between	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
spikes	O
and	O
the	O
lancets	O
4	O
and	O
5	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
DPP4	B-PRGE
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
predictive	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
host	O
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
affinity	O
to	O
host	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
.	O

While	O
all	O
vaccines	O
protected	O
against	O
lethal	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
addition	O
of	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
significantly	O
increased	O
serum	O
neutralizing	O
-	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
and	O
reduced	O
lung	B-ANAT
virus	B-SPEC
titers	O
on	O
day	O
3	O
postchallenge	O
.	O

Protection	O
against	O
eosinophilic	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
by	O
vaccines	O
containing	O
delta	O
inulin	B-CHED
adjuvants	B-CHED
correlated	O
better	O
with	O
enhanced	O
T	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
)	O
recall	O
responses	O
rather	O
than	O
reduced	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
)	O
responses	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
predominantly	O
reflects	O
an	O
inadequate	O
vaccine	O
-	O
induced	O
Th1	O
response	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
HAE	O
who	O
experienced	O
an	O
abdominal	O
attack	O
precipitated	O
by	O
a	O
retroperitoneal	B-ANAT
bleed	B-DISO
while	O
being	O
converted	O
from	O
warfarin	B-CHED
to	O
heparin	B-CHED
in	O
preparation	O
for	O
surgery	O
.	O

Through	O
randomized	O
trials	O
,	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
use	O
of	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
at	O
initial	O
stage	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
prone	O
ventilation	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
showed	O
beneficial	O
efficacy	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
evidence	O
of	O
moderately	O
high	O
quality	O
to	O
support	O
a	O
strong	O
recommendation	O
for	O
pressure	O
limitation	O
and	O
small	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Preclinical	O
studies	O
support	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
mesenchymal	O
stem	B-ANAT
(	O
stromal	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
)	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
at	O
University	O
of	O
California	B-SPEC
,	O
San	O
Francisco	O
,	O
CA	O
,	O
USA	O
,	O
Stanford	O
University	O
,	O
Stanford	O
,	O
CA	O
,	O
USA	O
,	O
and	O
Massachusetts	O
General	O
Hospital	O
,	O
Boston	O
,	O
MA	O
,	O
USA	O
,	O
between	O
July	O
8	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
and	O
Jan	O
13	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
three	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
low	O
dose	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
(	O
1	O
million	O
cells	B-COMP
/	O
kg	O
predicted	O
bodyweight	O
[	O
PBW	O
]),	O
the	O
next	O
three	O
patients	O
received	O
intermediate	O
dose	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
(	O
5	O
million	O
cells	B-COMP
/	O
kg	O
PBW	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
final	O
three	O
patients	O
received	O
high	O
dose	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
(	O
10	O
million	O
cells	B-COMP
/	O
kg	O
PBW	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Levels	O
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
effusions	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
various	O
tissues	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
lymphopenia	O
in	O
disease	O
outcome	O
following	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
vimentin	B-COMP
cytoskeleton	B-COMP
in	O
ST	O
cells	B-COMP
during	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
was	O
examined	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cytokine	O
systems	O
approach	O
demonstrates	O
differences	O
in	O
innate	O
and	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
between	O
genetically	O
distinct	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
.	O

Using	O
topological	O
techniques	O
,	O
including	O
persistence	O
homology	O
and	O
filtered	O
clustering	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
a	O
comparative	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
analysis	O
of	O
human	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cell	B-COMP
host	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
the	O
different	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
strains	O
,	O
with	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Eng	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
inducing	O
early	O
kinetic	O
changes	O
,	O
between	O
3	O
and	O
12	O
hours	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
compared	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
SA	O
1	O
.	O

Combining	O
statistical	O
analysis	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
cytokine	O
-	O
stimulated	O
Calu	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
transcriptomics	I-PRGE
,	O
we	O
identified	O
differential	O
innate	O
responses	O
,	O
including	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
extracellular	B-COMP
remodeling	O
genes	O
following	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Eng	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
infection	B-DISO
and	O
differential	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

Through	O
our	O
genomics	O
-	O
based	O
approach	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
topological	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
kinetics	O
and	O
magnitude	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
SA	O
1	O
and	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Eng	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
with	O
differential	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
innate	O
immune	O
and	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
responsive	O
genes	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
and	O
IL	O
-	O
1α	O
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Using	O
topological	O
techniques	O
,	O
including	O
persistence	O
homology	O
and	O
filtered	O
clustering	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
a	O
comparative	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
analysis	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
cell	B-COMP
host	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
the	O
different	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
strains	O
,	O
with	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Eng	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
inducing	O
early	O
kinetic	O
changes	O
,	O
between	O
3	O
and	O
12	O
hours	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
compared	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
SA	O
1	O
.	O

Combining	O
statistical	O
analysis	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
cytokine	O
-	O
stimulated	O
Calu	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
transcriptomics	I-PRGE
,	O
we	O
identified	O
differential	O
innate	O
responses	O
,	O
including	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
extracellular	B-COMP
remodeling	O
genes	O
following	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Eng	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
infection	B-DISO
and	O
differential	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
evidence	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
were	O
excluded	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
increased	O
cTnI	B-PRGE
levels	O
showed	O
higher	O
in	O
-	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
vs	O
21	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
028	O
).	O

They	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
massive	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
and	O
meningoencephalitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
domestic	O
children	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
and	O
treated	O
within	O
two	O
to	O
4	O
weeks	O
after	O
onset	O
,	O
5	O
cases	O
were	O
cured	O
,	O
one	O
case	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
serious	O
complication	B-DISO
consisted	O
of	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
occurrences	O
:	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
adult	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
with	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
,	O
decubitus	B-DISO
ulcer	I-DISO
,	O
deep	B-DISO
vein	I-DISO
thrombosis	I-DISO
,	O
enterocutaneous	B-DISO
fistula	I-DISO
,	O
extremity	B-ANAT
compartment	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
mortality	O
,	O
myocardial	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
,	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
stroke	B-DISO
/	O
cerebral	B-DISO
vascular	B-ANAT
accident	I-DISO
,	O
unplanned	O
intubation	O
,	O
or	O
unplanned	O
return	O
to	O
operating	O
room	O
.	O

In	O
May	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
MOH	O
replaced	O
paper	O
-	O
based	O
collection	O
with	O
an	O
electronic	O
data	O
collection	O
system	O
using	O
Field	O
Adapted	O
Survey	O
Toolkit	O
(	O
FAST	B-FUNC
)	O
on	O
HTC	O
Touch	B-PROC
Pro2	O
smartphones	O
at	O
four	O
sentinel	O
sites	O
.	O

Incidence	O
of	O
GBS	B-DISO
was	O
greater	O
in	O
winter	O
than	O
summer	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
was	O
not	O
evident	O
in	O
all	O
geographical	O
regions	O
.	O

MxA	B-PRGE
is	O
an	O
informative	O
general	O
marker	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
acute	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Successful	O
recovery	O
of	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
acquired	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
)	O
may	O
cause	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
multiple	O
comorbid	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
that	O
emerged	O
in	O
Jeddah	O
and	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
and	O
has	O
quickly	O
spread	O
to	O
other	O
countries	O
in	O
Middle	O
East	O
,	O
Europe	O
and	O
North	O
Africa	O
since	O
2012	O
.	O

Their	O
inhibition	B-PROC
mechanisms	O
and	O
mutually	O
binding	B-FUNC
synergistic	O
effect	O
were	O
also	O
investigated	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
the	O
recent	O
intensification	O
of	O
camel	B-SPEC
herding	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
has	O
increased	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
'	O
reproductive	B-PROC
number	O
and	O
attack	O
rate	O
in	O
camel	B-SPEC
herds	O
while	O
the	O
'	O
urbanization	O
'	O
of	O
camel	B-SPEC
herding	O
increased	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
'	O
spillover	O
'	O
infections	B-DISO
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
response	O
to	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
better	O
outcome	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
from	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
infects	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
causes	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
intranasal	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
would	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
surrogate	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
inflammasomes	I-PRGE
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
HALI	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
INO	B-PRGE
may	O
act	O
not	O
only	O
by	O
vasodilation	B-DISO
in	O
ventilated	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
by	O
causing	O
vasoconstriction	B-DISO
via	O
endothelin	O
(	O
ET	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
atelectatic	O
,	O
nonventilated	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
INO	O
in	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
experiments	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
causing	O
selective	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vasodilation	B-DISO
in	O
ventilated	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
,	O
increases	O
the	O
ET	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
/	O
ET	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
ratio	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
.	O

Such	O
vasoconstriction	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
additional	O
factor	O
explaining	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
INO	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
cerebellar	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
with	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
manifestations	I-DISO
after	O
scorpionism	O
presumably	O
caused	O
by	O
Tityus	O
obscurus	O
in	O
Santarém	O
,	O
Pará	O
/	O
Brazil	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
have	O
known	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
specific	O
to	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
predominantly	O
enteric	O
or	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

No	O
laboratory	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
is	O
yet	O
been	O
developed	O
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
study	O
.	O

After	O
screen	O
on	O
pubs	O
from	O
the	O
microinjected	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
confirmed	O
two	O
transgenic	O
lines	O
expressing	O
porcine	B-SPEC
APN	O
in	O
various	O
organs	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	O
holiday	O
effect	O
led	O
to	O
irregular	O
spread	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
the	O
panic	O
effect	O
was	O
more	O
apparent	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
and	O
late	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EBOV	O
)	O
causes	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
fevers	I-DISO
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
.	O

For	O
EBOV	O
,	O
the	O
long	O
lag	O
is	O
not	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
large	O
size	O
or	O
unusual	O
shape	O
of	O
EBOV	O
filaments	O
,	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
prime	O
EBOV	O
GP	O
to	O
the	O
19	O
-	O
kDa	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
species	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
unusually	O
low	O
endosomal	O
pH	O
.	O
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
since	O
we	O
observed	O
that	O
EBOV	O
entry	O
occurs	O
upon	O
arrival	O
in	O
Niemann	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Pick	I-PRGE
C1	I-PRGE
(	O
NPC1	B-DISO
)-	O
positive	O
endolysosomes	O
(	O
LE	O
/	O
Lys	B-CHED
),	O
we	O
propose	O
that	O
trafficking	B-PROC
to	O
LE	O
/	O
Lys	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
key	O
rate	O
-	O
defining	O
step	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
both	O
EBOV	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
traffic	O
deep	O
into	O
the	O
endocytic	O
pathway	B-PROC
for	O
entry	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
do	O
so	O
to	O
access	O
higher	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
activity	O
.	O

Its	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
NTD	O
)	O
demonstrated	O
higher	O
sequence	O
identity	O
to	O
the	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	B-SPEC
)	O
NTD	O
than	O
to	O
the	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
NTD	O
,	O
with	O
3	O
of	O
4	O
critical	O
sugar	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
residues	O
in	O
BCoV	B-SPEC
and	O
2	O
of	O
14	O
contact	O
residues	O
at	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
NTD	O
/	O
murine	B-SPEC
CEACAM1a	O
interface	O
being	O
conserved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
papain	B-ENZY
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
:	O
structure	O
,	O
function	O
and	O
inhibition	B-PROC
by	O
designed	O
antiviral	B-CHED
compounds	O
.	O

Among	O
nine	O
survivors	O
,	O
one	O
survivor	O
was	O
lost	B-CHED
to	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
epidemiologic	O
and	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
critically	O
ill	O
pregnant	O
and	O
postpartum	O
women	O
with	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
reported	O
in	O
the	O
2013	O
-	O
2014	O
season	O
.	O

Seven	O
patients	O
who	O
tested	O
positive	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
also	O
had	O
rapid	O
influenza	B-DISO
diagnostic	O
testing	O
performed	O
;	O
only	O
one	O
(	O
14	O
%)	O
had	O
a	O
positive	O
rapid	O
influenza	B-DISO
diagnostic	O
test	O
results	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibitory	O
effects	O
of	O
lithium	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
on	O
replication	O
of	O
type	O
II	O
porcine	B-DISO
reproductive	B-PROC
and	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
mRNA	B-CHED
and	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
measured	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
and	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mechanical	O
ventilation	O
management	O
during	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
international	O
multicenter	O
study	O
.	O

Protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
were	O
routinely	O
used	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
volume	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
centers	O
.	O

Immunohistochemistry	O
of	O
lymph	B-ANAT
node	I-ANAT
biopsies	O
confirmed	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
essay	O
we	O
will	O
firstly	O
review	O
the	O
basics	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
ECLA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
mortality	O
rate	O
among	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
remains	O
high	O
despite	O
implementation	O
at	O
clinical	O
centers	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilatory	O
strategies	O
recommended	O
by	O
the	O
International	O
Guidelines	O
for	O
Management	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
Septic	B-DISO
Shock	I-DISO
,	O
2012	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
threatening	O
the	O
global	O
health	O
.	O

Patient	O
groups	O
differed	O
significantly	O
at	O
72	O
hours	O
postpartum	O
for	O
Plt	B-PRGE
and	O
LDH	B-PRGE
values	O
and	O
at	O
24	O
and	O
48	O
hours	O
for	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
progressed	O
had	O
acute	O
kidney	O
injury	O
and	O
other	O
severe	O
maternal	O
morbidity	O
,	O
including	O
one	O
case	O
of	O
maternal	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
.	O

Tryptophan	B-PROC
catabolism	B-PROC
is	O
an	O
endogenous	O
mechanism	O
that	O
restricts	O
excessive	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
thereby	O
preventing	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
MT	O
did	O
express	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
FAH	I-PRGE
autoAb	I-PRGE
and	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
HMGB1	I-PRGE
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
experimental	O
study	O
,	O
using	O
naturally	O
infected	O
influenza	B-DISO
volunteers	O
as	O
the	O
source	O
,	O
showed	O
negative	O
results	O
from	O
all	O
the	O
manikins	O
that	O
were	O
exposed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Swedish	O
organic	O
and	O
conventional	O
dairy	O
herds	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
positive	O
herds	O
ranged	O
from	O
73	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
to	O
82	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
for	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
and	O
from	O
76	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
to	O
85	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
for	O
BoCV	O
among	O
OM	O
and	O
CM	O
herds	O
,	O
over	O
the	O
three	O
sampling	O
occasions	O
.	O

To	O
identify	O
genes	O
associated	O
with	O
antibody	B-COMP
levels	O
against	O
ND	O
and	O
IB	O
,	O
a	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
association	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
using	O
specific	O
-	O
locus	O
amplified	O
fragment	O
sequencing	O
(	O
SLAF	O
-	O
seq	O
)	O
technology	O
in	O
Jinghai	O
yellow	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

Of	O
these	O
,	O
rsZ2494661	O
and	O
rsZ2494710	O
reached	O
the	O
5	O
%	O
Bonferroni	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
significance	O
level	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
5E	O
-	O
07	O
)	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
both	O
134	O
.	O
7	O
kb	O
downstream	O
of	O
the	O
SETBP1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
remaining	O
four	O
SNPs	O
had	O
'	O
suggestive	O
'	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
significance	O
levels	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
1E	O
-	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
within	O
or	O
near	O
the	O
Plexin	B-PRGE
B1	I-PRGE
,	O
LRRN1	B-PRGE
and	O
PDGFC	B-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
.	O

One	O
-	O
way	O
cross	O
-	O
reactions	O
were	O
observed	O
by	O
CCIF	O
between	O
TGEV	O
Miller	O
hyperimmune	O
pig	B-SPEC
antisera	O
and	O
all	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

Antigenic	O
and	O
biologic	O
variations	O
between	O
the	O
prototype	O
and	O
current	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
could	O
explain	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
partially	O
,	O
the	O
recurrence	B-DISO
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
epidemics	O
.	O

By	O
further	O
mapping	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
in	O
JHM	O
.	O
WU	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
M	O
and	O
nonstructural	O
replicase	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
nsp1	B-PRGE
and	O
nsp13	O
are	O
essential	O
for	O
liver	B-ANAT
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
includes	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
cause	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
very	O
small	O
changes	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
can	O
profoundly	O
affect	O
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

Understanding	O
virulence	B-PROC
determinants	O
will	O
aid	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
vaccines	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
strategies	O
.	O

Animal	B-SPEC
models	O
are	O
needed	O
for	O
studying	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
preventive	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
have	O
developed	O
this	O
transgenic	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
as	O
indicated	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
globally	O
expressing	O
hCD26	O
/	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
were	O
fully	O
permissive	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
relentless	O
weight	O
loss	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
within	O
days	O
postinfection	O
.	O

High	O
infectious	O
virus	B-SPEC
titers	O
were	O
recovered	O
primarily	O
from	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
brains	B-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
at	O
2	O
and	O
4	O
days	O
postinfection	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
whereas	O
viral	O
RNAs	O
were	O
also	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
intestine	B-ANAT
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
disseminating	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
are	O
the	O
most	O
desirable	O
small	O
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
for	O
this	O
purpose	O
because	O
of	O
availability	O
and	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
a	O
thorough	O
knowledge	O
base	O
,	O
particularly	O
of	O
genetics	O
and	O
immunology	O
.	O

So	O
,	O
initial	O
studies	O
were	O
done	O
with	O
nonhuman	O
primates	B-SPEC
,	O
expensive	O
models	O
of	O
limited	O
availability	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chronic	B-DISO
rhinosinusitis	I-DISO
(	O
CRS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
illness	O
,	O
yet	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
its	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
the	O
role	O
played	O
by	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
transversal	O
prospective	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
seasonality	O
of	O
CRS	B-DISO
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
to	O
detect	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
genomes	O
in	O
secretions	B-ANAT
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
CRS	B-DISO
with	O
and	O
without	O
nasal	B-DISO
polyps	I-DISO
.	O

Characteristic	O
histopathological	O
findings	O
of	O
AEP	O
consist	O
of	O
alveolar	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
with	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
eosinophils	B-ANAT
and	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
edema	B-DISO
of	O
perivascular	O
area	O
and	O
interlobular	O
septa	O
.	O

The	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
spaces	O
showed	O
fibrinous	O
exudates	B-ANAT
.	O

Because	O
AEP	O
does	O
not	O
exhibit	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
histopathologically	O
,	O
it	O
should	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
DAD	O
which	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
genes	O
of	O
toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
(	O
TLR7	B-PRGE
),	O
natural	B-PRGE
killer	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
BNK	B-PRGE
),	O
cytotoxic	O
substances	O
(	O
granzyme	O
,	O
perforin	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
cytokines	O
(	O
CXCL12	B-PRGE
,	O
CX3CL1	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IFNγ	O
)	O
were	O
examined	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
analysis	O
.	O

We	O
previously	O
reported	O
the	O
successful	O
in	O
vitro	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
FIPV	O
replication	O
by	O
synthetic	O
siRNA	O
mediated	O
RNA	B-PROC
interference	I-PROC
(	O
RNAi	B-PROC
)	O
in	O
an	O
immortalised	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
(	O
McDonagh	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
2011	O
).	O

The	O
Cell	B-COMP
'	O
s	O
First	O
Line	O
of	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Defense	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Animal	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
use	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
mechanisms	O
to	O
slow	O
or	O
prevent	O
replication	O
of	O
viruses	O
.	O

At	O
least	O
three	O
human	B-PRGE
IFITM	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
IFITM1	I-PRGE
,	O
IFITM2	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IFITM3	B-PRGE
-	O
have	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
.	O

The	O
disease	O
presents	O
as	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
often	O
with	O
shock	O
,	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
are	O
so	O
far	O
the	O
first	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
neurologic	O
injury	O
associated	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
findings	O
indicated	O
that	O
durable	O
lactogenic	O
immunity	B-PROC
was	O
present	O
in	O
sows	O
previously	O
exposed	O
to	O
a	O
mild	O
strain	O
of	O
PEDv	B-SPEC
and	O
this	O
immunity	B-PROC
induced	O
cross	O
-	O
protection	O
to	O
representative	O
virulent	O
PEDv	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
an	O
acute	O
,	O
highly	O
contagious	O
,	O
and	O
devastating	O
viral	O
enteric	O
disease	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
suckling	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
formulate	O
and	O
analyze	O
a	O
simple	O
compartmental	O
model	O
with	O
heterogeneous	O
mixing	O
to	O
describe	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
and	O
determine	O
the	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
and	O
final	O
size	O
relation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
interferons	O
by	O
human	B-SPEC
plasmacytoid	B-ANAT
dendritic	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
upon	O
recognition	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
active	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
N	O
RNA	O
and	O
subsequent	O
N	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
were	O
evident	O
in	O
infected	O
pDCs	O
,	O
indicating	O
abortive	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Understanding	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
this	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
CoV	O
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
developing	O
successful	O
treatment	O
strategies	O
.	O

To	O
identify	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
regions	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
that	O
contribute	O
to	O
rSARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
MA15	O
-	O
ΔE	O
attenuation	O
,	O
several	O
mutants	O
(	O
rSARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
MA15	O
-	O
E	O
*)	O
containing	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
or	O
deletions	O
in	O
the	O
amino	O
-	O
terminal	O
or	O
the	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminal	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
generated	O
.	O

Amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
amino	O
terminus	O
,	O
or	O
deletion	O
of	O
regions	O
in	O
the	O
internal	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
led	O
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
attenuation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Computational	O
Approach	O
for	O
Predicting	O
Role	O
of	O
Human	B-PRGE
MicroRNAs	I-PRGE
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Genome	O
.	O

We	O
are	O
investigating	O
potential	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapeutics	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
by	O
using	O
host	B-COMP
microRNAs	O
(	O
miRNAs	O
)	O
which	O
may	O
downregulate	O
viral	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
to	O
quell	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
etiology	O
of	O
this	O
disease	O
is	O
complex	O
and	O
the	O
presumed	O
triggering	O
factors	O
can	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
infectious	B-DISO
and	O
non	O
-	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
report	O
describes	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
Porcine	B-PRGE
Circovirus	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
PCV2	O
),	O
infection	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
lesions	O
of	O
PNES	O
at	O
the	O
weaning	B-PROC
stage	O
of	O
a	O
farrow	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
finish	O
pig	B-SPEC
farm	O
.	O

Metaphylaxis	O
of	O
this	O
case	O
included	O
intramuscular	O
injection	O
of	O
florfenicol	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
skin	B-ANAT
lesions	O
and	O
respiratory	O
signs	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
sub	O
-	O
acute	O
PCV2	O
infection	B-DISO
could	O
be	O
included	O
in	O
triggering	O
factors	O
PNES	O
in	O
weaners	O
.	O

The	O
mass	O
vaccination	O
against	O
PCV2	O
of	O
infected	O
piglets	O
might	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
reduction	O
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
losses	O
of	O
PNES	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
PCV2	O
infection	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
PNES	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
design	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
decahydroisoquinolin	O
scaffold	O
as	O
an	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
chymotrypsin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
))	O
are	O
described	O
.	O

Biophysical	O
and	O
transgenic	O
mouse	B-SPEC
models	O
have	O
provided	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
surfactant	B-CHED
protein	B-CHED
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
homeostasis	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
pandemic	O
of	O
2003	O
and	O
the	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
of	O
2009	O
,	O
many	O
countries	O
instituted	O
border	B-ANAT
measures	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
of	O
stopping	O
or	O
slowing	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
assay	O
developed	O
here	O
is	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
surveillance	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
--	O
fibrinous	O
pleuropneumonia	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
most	O
likely	O
caused	O
by	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
ovipneumoniae	I-SPEC
--	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
marked	O
population	O
decline	O
.	O

Population	O
-	O
level	O
changes	O
were	O
analyzed	O
before	O
and	O
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
in	O
selected	O
blood	B-ANAT
parameters	O
(	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
[	O
WBC	B-ANAT
],	O
blood	B-ANAT
urea	B-CHED
nitrogen	B-CHED
[	O
BUN	O
],	O
and	O
creatinine	B-CHED
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
CDC	O
continues	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
partners	O
to	O
closely	O
monitor	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
globally	O
and	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
risks	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
adjuvant	O
,	O
S377	O
-	O
588	O
-	O
Fc	O
alone	O
induced	O
readily	O
detectable	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
in	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
suggested	O
that	O
these	O
bat	B-ENZY
CoVs	O
are	O
related	O
to	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
product	O
ratios	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
(	O
338	O
patients	O
)	O
vs	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
:	O
2	O
(	O
342	O
patients	O
)	O
during	O
active	O
resuscitation	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
all	O
local	O
standard	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
care	O
interventions	O
(	O
uncontrolled	O
).	O

Exsanguination	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
predominant	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
first	O
24	O
hours	O
,	O
was	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
in	O
the	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
group	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
vs	O
14	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
in	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
:	O
2	O
group	O
;	O
difference	O
,	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
-	O
10	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
to	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%];	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

Among	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
trauma	O
and	O
major	O
bleeding	B-DISO
,	O
early	O
administration	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
platelets	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
a	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
ratio	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
:	O
2	O
ratio	O
did	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
mortality	O
at	O
24	O
hours	O
or	O
at	O
30	O
days	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
group	O
receiving	O
more	O
plasma	B-ANAT
(	O
median	O
of	O
7	O
U	O
vs	O
5	O
U	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
platelets	B-ANAT
(	O
12	O
U	O
vs	O
6	O
U	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
similar	O
amounts	O
of	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
9	O
U	O
)	O
over	O
the	O
first	O
24	O
hours	O
,	O
no	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
2	O
groups	O
were	O
found	O
for	O
the	O
23	O
prespecified	O
complications	O
,	O
including	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
venous	B-DISO
thromboembolism	I-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
transfusion	O
-	O
related	O
complications	O
.	O

For	O
analysing	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
diversity	O
in	O
a	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
-	O
rich	O
country	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
421	O
anal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
/	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
Costa	B-ANAT
Rican	O
bats	B-SPEC
were	O
screened	O
for	O
CoV	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
)	O
gene	O
sequences	O
by	O
a	O
pancoronavirus	O
PCR	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
species	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
differences	O
impacting	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
and	O
may	O
inform	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

As	O
controls	O
,	O
the	O
vesicular	B-SPEC
stomatitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
VSV	O
)	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
IAV	O
)	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

Consistently	O
,	O
nanomolar	O
concentrations	O
of	O
the	O
cardiotonic	O
steroids	B-CHED
ouabain	B-CHED
and	O
bufalin	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
are	O
known	O
not	O
to	O
affect	O
the	O
transport	B-PROC
function	O
of	O
Na	O
(+),	O
K	B-PRGE
(+)-	I-PRGE
ATPase	I-PRGE
,	O
inhibited	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
MHV	B-SPEC
,	O
FIPV	O
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
MERS	O
)-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
VSV	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
IAV	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
compounds	O
were	O
present	O
during	O
virus	B-SPEC
inoculation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
Falciparum	B-DISO
Malaria	I-DISO
-	O
Difference	O
in	O
Mortality	O
among	O
Male	O
and	O
Nonpregnant	O
Females	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
a	O
rapid	O
ultraperformance	O
liquid	O
chromatography	O
coupled	O
with	O
diode	O
-	O
array	O
detector	O
and	O
quadrupole	O
time	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
flight	B-PROC
mass	O
spectrometry	O
(	O
UPLC	O
-	O
DAD	O
-	O
QTOF	O
-	O
MS	O
)	O
method	O
was	O
established	O
for	O
qualitative	O
and	O
quantitative	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
constituents	O
of	O
LQC	O
.	O

Comparisons	O
across	O
the	O
three	O
the	O
Berlin	O
categories	O
showed	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
(	O
21	O
,	O
20	O
,	O
and	O
5	O
d	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
mortality	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
41	O
%)	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
mild	O
(	O
0	O
)	O
and	O
moderate	O
(	O
15	O
%)	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

No	O
differences	O
in	O
PICU	B-SPEC
or	O
hospital	O
stay	O
were	O
observed	O
across	O
the	O
groups	O
.	O

U	O
ranges	O
among	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolates	O
from	O
30	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
to	O
40	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
and	O
C	O
makes	O
the	O
opposite	O
movement	B-PROC
from	O
20	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
to	O
12	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
relevance	O
for	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
MERS	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
is	O
discussed	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
a	O
broader	O
tropism	B-PROC
than	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
rapidly	O
triggers	O
cellular	B-COMP
damage	O
,	O
employs	O
a	O
different	O
receptor	O
and	O
induces	O
a	O
delayed	O
proinflammatory	O
response	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

High	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
form	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
with	O
some	O
attractive	O
features	O
in	O
respect	O
to	O
attempting	O
to	O
improve	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
limiting	O
ventilator	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
ascertain	O
whether	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
sRAGE	O
were	O
elevated	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
compared	O
with	O
appropriate	O
controls	O
.	O

Significant	O
correlations	O
were	O
found	O
between	O
plasma	B-ANAT
sRAGE	O
levels	O
and	O
PaO2	O
:	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
36	O
).	O

Our	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
sRAGE	O
may	O
provide	O
a	O
useful	O
marker	O
for	O
ventilated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
ORF3	O
is	O
a	O
supplemental	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
coding	O
for	O
an	O
accessory	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
gp3	O
of	O
unknown	O
function	O
,	O
only	O
present	O
in	O
genotype	O
I	O
canine	O
strain	O
(	O
CCoV	O
-	O
I	O
)	O
and	O
some	O
atypical	O
feline	B-SPEC
FCoV	O
strains	O
.	O

All	O
proteins	B-CHED
oligomerise	O
through	O
covalent	B-PROC
bonds	O
,	O
are	O
N	O
-	O
glycosylated	O
and	O
are	O
maintained	O
in	O
the	O
ER	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
infected	O
but	O
also	O
in	O
CCoV	O
-	O
II	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
without	O
any	O
specific	O
retention	B-PROC
signal	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
currently	O
unclear	O
which	O
protease	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
facilitate	O
viral	O
spread	O
in	O
the	O
infected	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

K11777	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
entry	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
sub	O
-	O
nanomolar	O
range	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genotyping	O
coronaviruses	O
associated	O
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
two	O
amino	O
acid	O
differences	O
fully	O
discriminated	O
the	O
two	O
classes	O
of	O
genomes	O
:	O
these	O
were	O
both	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
S2	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
surface	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
gene	O
.	O

These	O
events	O
involve	O
structural	O
rearrangements	O
,	O
including	O
heteromerization	O
between	O
two	O
heptad	O
repeats	O
(	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
)	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
trimer	O
of	O
dimers	O
as	O
a	O
six	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
(	O
6	O
-	O
HB	O
),	O
a	O
quaternary	O
protein	B-CHED
structure	O
that	O
brings	O
two	O
distant	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
hydrophobic	O
sequences	O
into	O
the	O
proximity	O
of	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
the	O
internal	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
(	O
IFP	O
)	O
preceding	O
HR1	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
highly	O
conserved	O
tryptophan	B-CHED
(	O
Trp	B-ENZY
)-	O
rich	O
membrane	B-COMP
proximal	O
external	O
region	O
(	O
MPER	O
)	O
following	O
HR2	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
MPER	B-PRGE
can	O
undergo	O
self	O
-	O
oligomerization	O
and	O
heteromerization	O
with	O
IFP	O
,	O
events	O
that	O
are	O
Trp	B-ENZY
-	O
dependent	O
.	O

In	O
comparison	O
,	O
little	O
high	O
-	O
order	B-SPEC
oligomer	O
was	O
formed	O
between	O
M	O
-	O
wt	O
and	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
Trp	B-ENZY
residues	O
of	O
MPER	O
play	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
maintaining	O
the	O
structure	O
and	O
functions	O
of	O
MPER	O
,	O
allowing	O
it	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
IFP	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
MPER	O
-	O
IFP	O
heteromer	O
,	O
a	O
putative	O
quaternary	O
structure	O
extending	O
from	O
the	O
6	O
-	O
HB	O
,	O
and	O
function	O
in	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
a	O
MPER	O
peptide	B-CHED
could	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
entry	O
process	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
different	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
on	O
paraquat	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
piglets	O
showed	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
hours	O
after	O
PQ	O
intraperitoneal	O
injection	O
.	O

PIP	B-CHED
and	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
(	O
Pplat	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
small	O
VT	O
group	O
decreased	O
gradually	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
and	O
large	O
VT	O
group	O
they	O
increased	O
after	O
ventilation	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
piglets	O
showed	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
hours	O
after	O
PQ	O
intraperitoneal	O
injection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preemptive	O
enteral	O
nutrition	B-PROC
enriched	O
with	O
eicosapentaenoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
gamma	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
linolenic	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
antioxidants	B-CHED
in	O
severe	O
multiple	O
trauma	O
:	O
a	O
prospective	O
,	O
randomized	O
,	O
double	O
-	O
blind	B-DISO
study	O
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
complications	O
and	O
fatty	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
membrane	O
composition	O
were	O
also	O
assessed	O
.	O

Additional	O
studies	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
performed	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
supplementation	O
is	O
targeted	B-PROC
to	O
a	O
potentially	O
measurable	O
endpoint	O
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
the	O
O	O
-	O
3I	O
.	O

HRV	O
was	O
co	O
-	O
detected	O
with	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
21	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
17	O
(	O
20	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
and	O
14	O
(	O
16	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
respectively	O
.	O

We	O
tested	O
170	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
295	O
HRV	O
-	O
positive	O
samples	O
:	O
117	O
HRV	O
strains	O
were	O
typed	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
VP4	B-PRGE
/	O
VP2	B-PRGE
method	O
and	O
53	O
by	O
using	O
5	O
'	O
UTR	O
method	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
complications	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
,	O
are	O
related	O
to	O
increased	O
mortality	O
.	O

We	O
summarize	O
the	O
major	O
clinical	O
studies	O
on	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
published	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
turkey	B-SPEC
enteritis	B-DISO
.	O

Enteric	O
diseases	O
such	O
as	O
poult	O
enteritis	B-DISO
complex	O
(	O
PEC	O
)	O
in	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
do	O
not	O
allow	O
their	O
production	O
potential	O
to	O
be	O
achieved	O
to	O
its	O
maximum	O
.	O

A	O
number	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
protozoa	O
have	O
been	O
implicated	O
but	O
the	O
primary	O
etiology	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
definitively	O
established	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
rapid	O
molecular	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
and	O
next	O
generation	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequencing	O
,	O
researchers	O
have	O
made	O
long	O
strides	O
in	O
identification	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
PEC	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
in	O
an	O
African	O
lion	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
ocular	B-PROC
FIP	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
domestic	O
felid	B-SPEC
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
entry	O
into	O
polarized	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
pAPN	O
grown	O
on	O
membrane	B-COMP
inserts	O
occurs	O
via	O
apical	B-ANAT
membrane	I-ANAT
.	O

These	O
results	O
imply	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
may	O
proceed	O
by	O
lateral	O
spread	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
nine	O
alkylated	O
chalcones	B-CHED
(	O
1	O
-	O
9	O
)	O
and	O
four	O
coumarins	B-CHED
(	O
10	O
-	O
13	O
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
Angelica	B-SPEC
keiskei	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
activities	O
of	O
these	O
constituents	O
against	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
proteases	O
(	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
PL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
))	O
were	O
determined	O
(	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
free	O
/	O
based	O
).	O

R0	O
was	O
estimated	O
using	O
the	O
incidence	O
decay	O
with	O
exponential	O
adjustment	O
"("""	O
IDEA	B-SPEC
""")"	O
method	O
,	O
while	O
period	O
-	O
specific	O
case	O
fatality	O
rates	O
that	O
incorporated	O
non	O
-	O
attributed	O
death	B-PROC
data	O
were	O
estimated	O
using	O
Monte	O
Carlo	O
simulation	O
.	O

IDEA	B-SPEC
model	O
fits	B-DISO
suggested	O
a	O
higher	O
R0	O
in	O
Jeddah	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
than	O
in	O
Riyadh	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
);	O
control	O
parameters	O
suggested	O
more	O
rapid	O
reduction	O
in	O
transmission	O
in	O
the	O
former	O
city	O
than	O
the	O
latter	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
:	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
immigrants	O
to	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Medical	O
-	O
surgical	O
,	O
trauma	O
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
neurologic	O
ICUs	O
of	O
five	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
academic	O
medical	O
centers	O
located	O
in	O
California	B-SPEC
,	O
Pennsylvania	O
,	O
Washington	O
,	O
North	O
Carolina	O
,	O
and	O
Massachusetts	O
.	O

Two	O
hundred	O
seventy	O
-	O
five	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
at	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
or	O
severe	O
functional	O
impairment	B-DISO
,	O
their	O
546	O
surrogate	O
decision	O
makers	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
150	O
physicians	O
.	O

The	O
estimated	O
FCoV	O
and	O
FIV	B-SPEC
seroprevalence	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
intervals	O
)	O
were	O
37	O
%	O
(	O
30	O
-	O
45	O
%)	O
and	O
11	O
%	O
(	O
6	O
-	O
16	O
%),	O
respectively	O
and	O
FeLV	O
prevalence	O
was	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
0	O
-	O
3	O
%).	O

FCoV	O
seropositivity	O
was	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
,	O
high	O
plasma	B-PRGE
globulin	I-PRGE
,	O
low	O
plasma	B-ANAT
albumin	B-PRGE
and	O
low	O
blood	B-ANAT
urea	B-CHED
nitrogen	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
total	O
146	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
symptomatic	O
returnees	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
compared	O
with	O
33	O
(	O
17	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
asymptomatic	O
pilgrims	O
who	O
had	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
detectable	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
their	O
sample	O
.	O

Many	O
current	O
studies	O
have	O
reported	O
possible	O
application	O
of	O
aptamers	O
as	O
a	O
treatment	O
or	O
diagnostic	O
tool	O
in	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
HIV	B-DISO
(	O
Human	B-DISO
Immunodeficiency	I-DISO
Virus	I-DISO
),	O
HBV	B-DISO
(	O
Hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
),	O
HCV	B-SPEC
(	O
Hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
),	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
),	O
H5N1	B-DISO
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
and	O
recently	O
spread	O
Ebola	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
bilateral	O
paramedian	O
thalamic	O
infarctions	B-DISO
occur	O
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
adults	O
than	O
in	O
children	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
rare	O
entities	O
at	O
any	O
age	O
.	O

The	O
second	O
child	O
developed	O
headache	B-DISO
,	O
somnolence	O
,	O
agitation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
speech	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
following	O
an	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Bilateral	O
thalamic	B-ANAT
lesions	O
were	O
documented	O
on	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
of	O
both	O
children	O
.	O

Bilateral	O
infarctions	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
paramedian	O
thalamus	B-ANAT
may	O
result	O
in	O
severe	O
illness	O
and	O
impairment	B-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
serious	O
PED	O
epidemics	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
South	O
Korea	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
were	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
complex	O
subgroups	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
against	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
caliciviruses	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
in	O
vivo	O
efficacy	O
of	O
3CLpro	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
was	O
evaluated	O
using	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
no	O
studies	O
have	O
previously	O
reported	O
a	O
structural	O
platform	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
with	O
activities	O
against	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
or	O
on	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
3CLpro	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
against	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
experimental	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
thermal	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
Ubl	B-PRGE
mutant	I-PRGE
PLP2	I-PRGE
was	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
at	O
30	O
°	O
C	O
,	O
thereby	O
reducing	O
the	O
total	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
CoV	O
encoding	O
the	O
mutant	B-PRGE
Ubl	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
is	O
unable	O
to	O
replicate	O
at	O
high	B-PROC
temperature	I-PROC
or	O
cause	O
lethal	O
disease	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
identify	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
Ubl	B-PRGE
domain	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
modulator	O
of	O
viral	O
protease	O
stability	O
and	O
reveal	O
manipulating	O
the	O
Ubl	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
new	O
approach	O
for	O
attenuating	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
of	O
SP	O
,	O
its	O
incidence	O
,	O
relationship	O
between	O
SP	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
are	O
considered	O
along	O
with	O
predictors	O
of	O
adverse	O
outcome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Do	O
not	O
drown	O
the	O
patient	O
:	O
appropriate	O
fluid	O
management	O
in	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Administering	O
intravenous	O
fluids	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
circulation	B-PROC
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
mainstay	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
medicine	B-CHED
and	O
critical	O
care	O
for	O
decades	O
,	O
especially	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
exclusively	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
distributive	O
or	O
hypovolemic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
2	O
recently	O
published	O
large	O
multicenter	O
trials	O
(	O
ARISE	O
and	O
ProCESS	O
)	O
have	O
discredited	O
the	O
""""	O
early	O
goal	O
-	O
directed	O
therapy	O
""""	O
approach	O
,	O
which	O
used	O
prespecified	O
targets	O
of	O
central	O
venous	O
pressure	O
and	O
venous	B-ANAT
saturation	O
to	O
guide	O
fluid	O
and	O
vasopressor	O
administration	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
NL63	O
was	O
first	O
described	O
in	O
2004	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
disease	O
of	O
varying	O
severity	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
did	O
not	O
identify	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
carriage	O
.	O

The	O
genome	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
encodes	O
a	O
hydrophobic	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
envelope	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

No	O
difference	O
was	O
observed	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
a	O
viroporin	O
other	O
than	O
the	O
E	O
protein	B-CHED
influences	O
the	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
actions	O
of	O
HMA	O
and	O
DIDS	B-CHED
on	O
FIPV	O
serotypes	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
much	O
recent	O
focus	O
has	O
been	O
on	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
Ebola	O
virus	O
disease	O
among	O
travelers	O
from	O
West	O
Africa	O
,	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
including	O
travel	O
-	O
associated	O
cases	O
,	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
reported	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
associated	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
CAP	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
under	O
-	O
studied	O
.	O

Proportion	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
was	O
higher	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
excluded	O
CAP	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
other	O
diagnostic	O
categories	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Their	O
imputability	O
and	O
impact	O
in	O
early	O
management	O
of	O
CAP	B-DISO
deserve	O
further	O
studies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Arbekacin	B-CHED
treatment	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
Pseudomonas	B-SPEC
putida	I-SPEC
producing	O
a	O
metallo	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	B-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
lactamase	I-ENZY
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Treatment	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
multidrug	O
-	O
resistant	O
Pseudomonas	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
is	O
difficult	O
because	O
few	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
active	O
against	O
such	O
organisms	O
are	O
available	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
no	O
clinical	O
report	O
on	O
arbekacin	B-CHED
treatment	O
of	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
multidrug	O
-	O
resistant	O
Pseudomonas	B-SPEC
has	O
appeared	O
to	O
date	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
subjected	O
to	O
induced	B-DISO
hypothermia	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
causative	O
organism	O
was	O
a	O
strain	O
of	O
Pseudomonas	B-SPEC
putida	I-SPEC
that	O
produced	O
a	O
metallo	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
lactamase	I-PRGE
.	O

Strains	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
putida	I-SPEC
producing	O
metallo	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
lactamases	I-PRGE
have	O
become	O
more	O
widespread	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

Colistin	B-CHED
is	O
traditionally	O
the	O
drug	O
of	O
last	O
resort	O
to	O
treat	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
multidrug	O
-	O
resistant	O
Pseudomonas	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
colistin	B-CHED
use	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
very	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
such	O
therapy	O
are	O
not	O
covered	O
by	O
the	O
Japanese	O
health	O
insurance	O
system	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
depression	B-DISO
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
performance	O
is	O
common	O
and	O
is	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
left	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
(	O
LV	O
)	O
dilatation	B-DISO
to	O
maintain	O
stroke	B-DISO
volume	O
.	O

Among	O
patients	O
with	O
SIMD	O
,	O
GEDI	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SVV	B-SPEC
>	O
13	O
%	O
than	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SVV	B-SPEC
≤	O
13	O
%	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
enrollment	O
(	O
872	O
[	O
785	O
-	O
996	O
]	O
mL	O
/	O
m	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
640	O
[	O
597	O
-	O
696	O
]	O
mL	O
/	O
m	O
(	O
2	O
);	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
);	O
this	O
finding	O
differed	O
from	O
the	O
generally	O
recognized	O
relationship	O
between	O
GEDI	O
and	O
SVV	B-SPEC
.	O

Case	O
2	O
:	O
a	O
78	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
CKD	O
on	O
hemodialysis	O
(	O
HD	O
)	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
after	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
surgery	O
.	O

PSP	B-DISO
in	O
kidney	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
patients	O
will	O
be	O
high	O
despite	O
non	O
-	O
infectious	B-DISO
conditions	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
atoms	B-CHED
with	O
common	O
distributed	O
spatial	O
occupancy	O
in	O
PDB	B-DISO
structures	O
of	O
N10	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
N11	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
an	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	B-PRGE
neuraminidase	I-PRGE
,	O
an	O
influenza	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
neuraminidase	B-ENZY
,	O
and	O
a	O
bacterial	B-PRGE
neuraminidase	I-PRGE
.	O

Spatially	O
invariant	O
residues	O
in	O
the	O
N6	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	B-PRGE
neuraminidase	I-PRGE
active	O
sites	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
previously	O
unidentified	O
spatially	O
equivalent	O
sites	O
in	O
the	O
N10	O
and	O
N11	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
found	O
the	O
corresponding	O
secondary	O
and	O
tertiary	O
structures	O
of	O
the	O
aligned	O
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
be	O
largely	O
identical	O
despite	O
significant	O
sequence	O
divergence	O
.	O

Very	O
little	O
is	O
currently	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
available	O
proteases	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
assess	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
BRD	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
,	O
38	O
calves	O
<	O
3	O
months	O
old	O
that	O
were	O
treated	O
for	O
BRD	O
were	O
matched	O
with	O
38	O
untreated	O
calves	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
vaccination	O
on	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
,	O
24	O
calves	O
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
to	O
be	O
vaccinated	O
against	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
),	O
bovine	B-PRGE
viral	I-PRGE
diarrhea	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
types	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
bovine	B-PRGE
herpesvirus	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
BHV1	O
),	O
and	O
parainfluenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
at	O
2	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
5	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
(	O
6	O
),	O
and	O
both	O
2	O
and	O
5	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
(	O
6	O
)	O
or	O
were	O
assigned	O
to	O
be	O
unvaccinated	O
controls	O
(	O
6	O
).	O

Calves	O
with	O
high	O
initial	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
against	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
and	O
BHV1	O
had	O
lower	O
odds	O
of	O
BRD	O
than	O
did	O
calves	O
with	O
low	O
initial	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
against	O
those	O
2	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Clinical	O
BRD	O
and	O
the	O
serologic	O
response	O
of	O
dairy	O
calves	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
initial	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
against	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
and	O
BHV1	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Calves	O
with	O
initial	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
against	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
<	O
1	O
:	O
64	O
that	O
were	O
treated	O
for	O
BRD	O
had	O
a	O
slower	O
rate	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
decay	B-DISO
than	O
did	O
similar	O
calves	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
treated	O
for	O
BRD	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Guinea	O
fowl	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
GfCoV	O
),	O
a	O
recently	O
characterized	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
was	O
identified	O
from	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
fulminating	O
disease	O
(	O
peracute	O
enteritis	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
guinea	B-SPEC
fowl	I-SPEC
in	O
France	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
64	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
reported	O
as	O
asymptomatic	O
,	O
33	O
(	O
52	O
%)	O
were	O
interviewed	O
,	O
and	O
26	O
of	O
these	O
33	O
(	O
79	O
%)	O
reported	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
symptom	B-DISO
that	O
was	O
consistent	O
with	O
a	O
viral	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

While	O
the	O
second	O
patient	O
presented	O
with	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
symptoms	O
,	O
remained	O
stable	O
and	O
had	O
an	O
excellent	O
clinical	O
recovery	O
despite	O
recent	O
reception	B-PROC
of	O
thymoglobulin	O
induction	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
report	O
of	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
renal	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
:	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
their	O
replication	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serological	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
immunochromatographic	O
test	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
immunochromatographic	O
assay	O
(	O
ICA	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
simple	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
method	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
rapidly	O
obtained	O
at	O
a	O
low	O
cost	O
.	O

The	O
Protein	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
and	O
affinity	O
-	O
purified	O
cat	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
FCoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
are	O
blotted	O
on	O
the	O
test	O
line	O
and	O
the	O
control	O
line	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
nitrocellulose	B-CHED
membrane	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
predisposition	O
is	O
primarily	O
due	O
to	O
high	O
error	O
rate	O
,	O
and	O
limited	O
proofreading	O
capability	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
and	O
by	O
recombination	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
embryonated	O
egg	B-ANAT
also	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
suitable	O
for	O
isolation	O
and	O
propagation	O
of	O
pheasant	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
proposed	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Gammacoronavirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
chapter	O
we	O
outline	O
the	O
methods	O
by	O
which	O
we	O
establish	O
fully	O
differentiated	B-PROC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelium	B-ANAT
and	O
its	O
use	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
propagation	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
on	O
the	O
proteome	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
virions	B-COMP
have	O
shown	O
that	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
accessory	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
virus	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
associate	O
with	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
.	O

This	O
diversity	O
of	O
genotypes	O
provides	O
a	O
mechanism	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
population	O
can	O
evolve	O
and	O
adapt	O
to	O
a	O
changing	O
environment	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
engineering	O
of	O
CoV	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
cDNA	O
clones	O
as	O
bacterial	O
artificial	O
chromosomes	B-COMP
(	O
BACs	O
),	O
using	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
receptors	O
for	O
coronaviruses	O
by	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
.	O

This	O
receptor	O
binds	B-FUNC
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FECV	B-SPEC
1683	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
virology	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
proven	O
instrumental	O
to	O
identify	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
that	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
viral	O
embezzlement	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
functions	O
and	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
immune	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
lethal	O
systemic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
FIP	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Studying	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replicative	O
structures	O
.	O

The	O
environment	O
inside	O
a	O
TEM	B-COMP
is	O
not	O
favorable	O
for	O
biological	O
material	O
(	O
high	O
vacuum	O
and	O
high	O
energy	O
electrons	O
).	O

Also	O
biological	O
samples	O
have	O
little	O
or	O
no	O
intrinsic	O
electron	O
contrast	O
,	O
and	O
rarely	O
do	O
they	O
naturally	O
exist	O
in	O
very	O
thin	O
sheets	O
,	O
as	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
optimum	O
resolution	O
in	O
the	O
TEM	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
severe	O
traumatic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
is	O
often	O
encountered	O
in	O
trauma	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
purified	O
whole	B-PRGE
viral	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
of	O
Sczy3	O
strain	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
immunize	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
produce	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
-	O
secreting	B-PROC
anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
MAbs	O
.	O

Then	O
,	O
female	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
with	O
the	O
purified	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
one	O
strain	O
of	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
named	O
2B8	O
secreting	B-PROC
anti	O
-	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
monoclonal	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
(	O
MAb	O
)	O
was	O
obtained	O
by	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
technique	O
.	O

This	O
work	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
MAb	O
would	O
be	O
a	O
valuable	O
tool	O
as	O
a	O
specific	O
diagnostic	O
reagent	B-CHED
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
epidemiological	O
surveys	O
and	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
139	O
)	O
at	O
referring	O
hospitals	O
in	O
whom	O
conventional	O
therapy	O
was	O
unsuccessful	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
iNO	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
in	O
anticipation	O
of	O
transfer	O
to	O
a	O
tertiary	O
center	O
.	O

Treatment	O
wih	O
iNO	O
was	O
initiated	O
by	O
the	O
critical	O
care	O
transport	B-PROC
team	O
in	O
114	O
patients	O
and	O
continued	O
in	O
25	O
patients	O
.	O

Arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
analysis	O
was	O
done	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
iNO	O
treatment	O
.	O

Patients	O
treated	O
with	O
iNO	O
had	O
significant	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
mean	O
(	O
SD	O
)	O
for	O
PaO2	O
increased	O
from	O
60	O
.	O
7	O
(	O
20	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
to	O
72	O
.	O
3	O
(	O
40	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
mm	O
Hg	O
(	O
P	O
=.	O
008	O
),	O
and	O
mean	O
(	O
SD	O
)	O
for	O
ratio	O
of	O
PaO2	O
to	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	O
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
P	O
:	O
F	O
)	O
increased	O
from	O
62	O
.	O
4	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
1	O
)	O
to	O
73	O
.	O
1	O
(	O
42	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

These	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
either	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
disubstituted	O
amide	B-CHED
structure	O
at	O
the	O
17	O
-	O
COOH	O
of	O
ursolic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
or	O
alteration	O
of	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
3	O
configuration	O
of	O
ursolic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
from	O
3β	O
-	O
to	O
3α	O
-	O
forms	O
was	O
helpful	O
to	O
significantly	O
improve	O
the	O
selective	O
index	O
while	O
keeping	O
their	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
aromatic	O
group	O
in	O
the	O
position	O
4	O
of	O
the	O
thiazole	B-CHED
ring	O
plays	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
modulation	O
of	O
the	O
activity	O
towards	O
the	O
two	O
RT	O
-	O
associated	O
functions	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
condition	I-DISO
,	O
human	B-SPEC
parechovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
229E	O
and	O
HKU1	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
45	O
episodes	O
.	O

To	O
develop	O
a	O
simple	O
,	O
reliable	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
variant	O
typing	O
assay	O
to	O
facilitate	O
monitoring	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
diversity	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

VHL	B-DISO
,	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
was	O
proven	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
nsp16	O
both	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
have	O
revealed	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
VHL	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
regulation	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
.	O

The	O
authors	O
estimated	O
the	O
economic	O
costs	O
of	O
inadequate	O
breastfeeding	B-PROC
as	O
follows	O
:	O
the	O
sum	O
of	O
direct	O
health	O
care	O
costs	O
for	O
diseases	O
whose	O
risk	O
increases	O
when	O
infants	O
are	O
non	O
-	O
exclusively	O
breastfed	O
<	O
6	O
mo	O
or	O
are	O
not	O
breastfed	O
from	O
ages	O
6	O
to	O
<	O
11	O
mo	O
,	O
lost	B-CHED
future	O
earnings	O
due	O
to	O
premature	O
infant	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
the	O
costs	O
of	O
purchasing	O
infant	O
formula	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
costs	O
of	O
inadequate	O
breastfeeding	B-PROC
that	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
quantified	O
in	O
Mexico	O
.	O

Although	O
less	O
common	O
,	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
falciparum	O
even	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
can	O
develop	O
severe	O
illness	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
illness	O
in	O
patients	O
having	O
malaria	B-PATH
of	O
any	O
species	B-SPEC
threatens	O
life	O
.	O

An	O
automated	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
device	O
,	O
the	O
FilmArray	O
-	O
Respiratory	O
Panel	O
(	O
FilmArray	O
-	O
RP	O
),	O
can	O
detect	O
17	O
viral	O
and	O
3	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
in	O
a	O
closed	O
system	O
that	O
requires	O
only	O
5	O
min	O
of	O
hands	B-ANAT
-	O
on	O
time	O
and	O
1h	O
of	O
instrumentation	O
time	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Veno	O
-	O
veno	O
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
severe	O
haemodynamic	O
impairment	O
:	O
technique	O
and	O
early	O
outcomes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
may	O
benefit	O
from	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
and	O
veno	O
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
support	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
retrospectively	O
analysed	O
the	O
characteristics	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
patients	O
commenced	O
on	O
either	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
or	O
veno	O
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
due	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
then	O
switched	O
to	O
v	O
-	O
v	O
-	O
a	O
ECMO	O
.	O

ECMO	O
-	O
related	O
complications	O
were	O
bleeding	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
)	O
and	O
leg	B-DISO
ischaemia	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
resulting	O
from	O
ventilation	O
at	O
lower	O
tidal	O
volume	O
enhances	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
and	O
might	O
induce	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
(	O
RV	O
)	O
failure	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
if	O
extracorporeal	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
CO2	B-CHED
removal	O
therapy	O
could	O
have	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
on	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
circulation	B-PROC
and	O
RV	O
function	O
.	O

A	O
micromanometer	O
-	O
tipped	O
catheter	O
was	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
main	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
and	O
an	O
admittance	O
micromanometer	O
-	O
tipped	O
catheter	O
was	O
inserted	O
into	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
ventricle	I-ANAT
.	O

Protective	O
ventilation	O
was	O
then	O
achieved	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
pigs	O
were	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
pump	O
-	O
driven	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenator	O
(	O
PALP	O
,	O
Maquet	O
,	O
Germany	O
)	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
achieve	O
CO2	B-CHED
removal	O
.	O

Systolic	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
pressure	O
significantly	O
increased	O
from	O
29	O
.	O
6	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
to	O
43	O
.	O
9	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
mmHg	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

The	O
primary	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
conjugated	O
derivatives	O
of	O
p	O
-	O
HAP	O
glycoside	B-CHED
and	O
substituted	O
cinnamic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
(	O
2a	O
-	O
2i	O
)	O
obviously	O
enhanced	O
the	O
activity	O
against	O
HBV	B-DISO
DNA	B-PATH
replication	I-PATH
with	O
IC50	O
values	O
ranged	O
from	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
to	O
74	O
.	O
4	O
μM	O
.	O

Although	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
abnormal	O
finding	O
in	O
the	O
testes	B-ANAT
,	O
serum	B-COMP
testicular	B-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
markers	O
showed	O
marked	O
elevation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
nursing	B-PROC
piglets	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
isolated	O
PDCoV	O
[	O
OH	O
-	O
FD22	O
(	O
DC44	B-PRGE
)	O
strain	O
]	O
in	O
LLC	B-COMP
-	O
PK	O
cells	B-COMP
from	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
of	O
PDCoV	O
OH	O
-	O
FD22	O
strain	O
-	O
inoculated	O
gnotobiotic	O
(	O
Gn	O
)	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
S	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
were	O
sequenced	O
to	O
study	O
PDCoV	O
genetic	O
changes	O
after	O
passage	O
in	O
Gn	O
pigs	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
(	O
passage	O
11	O
[	O
P11	O
]	O
and	O
P20	O
).	O

Genetically	O
,	O
the	O
S	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
of	O
the	O
PDCoV	O
isolates	O
were	O
relatively	O
stable	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
20	O
passages	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
5	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
changes	O
,	O
each	O
corresponding	O
to	O
an	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
change	O
.	O

Altogether	O
,	O
34	O
/	O
112	O
ASS	B-SPEC
patients	O
had	O
received	O
Rtx	O
;	O
24	O
/	O
34	O
had	O
severe	O
ILD	O
and	O
>	O
12	O
months	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
post	O
-	O
Rtx	O
(	O
median	O
52	O
months	O
).	O

The	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
the	O
Rtx	O
-	O
treated	O
group	O
was	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
remaining	O
ASS	B-SPEC
cohort	O
(	O
25	O
/	O
78	O
deceased	B-PROC
;	O
32	O
%).	O

The	O
study	O
indicates	O
that	O
Rtx	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
treatment	O
option	O
for	O
selected	O
ASS	B-SPEC
patients	O
,	O
but	O
infections	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
given	O
attention	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
evaluate	O
cell	O
surface	O
mobilisation	O
of	O
CD107a	B-PRGE
as	O
a	O
general	O
activation	O
marker	O
on	O
chicken	B-SPEC
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
CTL	B-ANAT
).	O

In	O
chickens	B-SPEC
experimentally	O
infected	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
higher	O
frequencies	O
of	O
CTL	B-ANAT
isolated	O
from	O
respiratory	O
tissues	B-ANAT
were	O
positive	O
for	O
CD107a	B-PRGE
on	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
compared	O
to	O
those	O
from	O
uninfected	O
control	O
chickens	B-SPEC
indicating	O
in	O
vivo	O
activation	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Recovery	O
was	O
longer	O
with	O
acute	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
motor	O
axonal	B-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
25	O
year	O
old	O
male	O
with	O
no	O
significant	O
past	O
medical	O
history	O
had	O
been	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
local	O
hospital	O
due	O
to	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
and	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
HIV	B-PATH
infection	I-PATH
and	O
MDR	B-FUNC
bacterial	O
and	O
fungal	O
VAP	O
was	O
made	O
.	O

Airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
option	O
as	O
a	O
ventilatory	O
mode	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
maternal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
during	O
pregnancy	O
.	O

The	O
established	O
ELISA	O
was	O
also	O
examined	O
with	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
experimentally	O
infected	O
with	O
TCoV	O
.	O
Those	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
at	O
various	O
time	O
intervals	O
from	O
1	O
to	O
63	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
poorly	O
aerated	O
tissue	B-ANAT
presented	O
the	O
largest	O
uptake	O
concentration	O
after	O
27	O
hours	O
.	O

Protective	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Network	O
strategy	O
did	O
not	O
attenuate	O
global	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
first	O
27	O
hours	O
after	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
insult	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
porcine	O
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PdCV	O
)	O
was	O
first	O
discovered	O
in	O
Ohio	O
and	O
Indiana	O
in	O
February	O
2014	O
,	O
rapidly	O
spread	O
to	O
other	O
states	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
Canada	O
,	O
and	O
caused	O
significant	O
economic	O
loss	O
in	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
characterized	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
PdCV	O
isolates	O
and	O
determined	O
their	O
virulence	B-PROC
in	O
gnotobiotic	O
and	O
conventional	O
piglets	O
.	O

Within	O
1	O
to	O
3	O
days	O
postinfection	O
,	O
profuse	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
dehydration	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
.	O

High	O
levels	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
(	O
8	O
to	O
11	O
log	O
RNA	O
copies	O
/	O
g	O
)	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
/	O
luminal	B-CHED
contents	O
and	O
feces	B-ANAT
of	O
infected	O
piglets	O
,	O
whereas	O
moderate	O
RNA	O
levels	O
(	O
2	O
to	O
5	O
log	O
RNA	O
copies	O
/	O
g	O
)	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
indicating	O
multisystemic	O
dissemination	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Examples	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
include	O
porcine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PRCV	O
).	O

In	O
February	O
2014	O
,	O
another	O
porcine	B-SPEC
CoV	O
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PdCV	O
),	O
emerged	O
in	O
Ohio	O
and	O
Indiana	O
and	O
subsequently	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
across	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
Canada	O
,	O
causing	O
significant	O
economic	O
losses	O
.	O

This	O
RNA	O
motif	O
presented	O
high	O
homology	O
with	O
the	O
GAIT	O
element	O
,	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
modulation	O
of	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
novel	O
findings	O
may	O
be	O
of	O
relevance	O
for	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
could	O
serve	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
antiviral	B-CHED
strategies	O
.	O

Her	O
liver	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
clinical	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
improved	O
significantly	O
.	O

Following	O
convection	O
enhanced	O
delivery	O
(	O
CED	B-DISO
),	O
conventional	O
gene	O
vectors	O
are	O
confined	O
to	O
the	O
injection	O
site	O
,	O
presumably	O
by	O
adhesive	O
interactions	O
with	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
ECM	B-COMP
and	O
do	O
not	O
provide	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
beyond	O
the	O
point	O
of	O
administration	O
.	O

Norovirus	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
is	O
essential	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
consequently	O
,	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
this	O
enzyme	O
is	O
a	O
fruitful	O
avenue	O
of	O
investigation	O
that	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
antinorovirus	O
therapeutics	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
demonstrate	O
herein	O
in	O
vivo	O
efficacy	O
of	O
an	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
using	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
norovirus	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Systemic	O
and	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
elicited	O
by	O
a	O
single	O
immunization	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
adenovirus	B-SPEC
type	O
5	O
or	O
41	O
vector	O
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
carrying	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
ideal	O
vaccine	O
against	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
should	O
confer	O
sustained	O
,	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
at	O
both	O
systemic	O
and	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
levels	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
evaluated	O
the	O
in	O
vivo	O
systemic	O
and	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
induced	O
by	O
a	O
single	O
intramuscular	O
or	O
intragastric	O
administration	O
of	O
recombinant	O
adenoviral	B-SPEC
type	O
5	O
(	O
Ad5	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
type	O
41	O
(	O
Ad41	O
)	O
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
expressing	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Despite	O
being	O
admitted	O
rapidly	O
to	O
hospital	O
,	O
his	O
heart	B-DISO
rate	I-DISO
decreased	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
compartments	B-ANAT
and	O
ducts	B-ANAT
were	O
not	O
airtight	O
.	O

Unfortunately	O
,	O
a	O
seafarer	O
on	O
board	O
a	O
bulk	O
carrier	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
2008	O
because	O
of	O
acute	O
phosphine	B-CHED
poisoning	O
.	O

Sporadic	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
of	O
avian	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
H5N6	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
H10N8	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	O
H6N1	O
)	O
have	O
also	O
emerged	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
impact	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDv	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
US	O
pork	O
industry	O
has	O
mainly	O
been	O
attributed	O
to	O
the	O
mortality	O
that	O
it	O
causes	O
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
consequently	O
,	O
much	O
effort	B-PROC
has	O
been	O
invested	O
in	O
the	O
quantification	O
of	O
its	O
effect	O
in	O
sow	O
farms	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
help	O
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
PEDv	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
US	O
and	O
,	O
ultimately	O
,	O
contribute	O
to	O
efforts	O
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
cost	O
-	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
disease	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
measures	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
unpredictive	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
is	O
high	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
a	O
SAP	O
patient	O
in	O
our	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
had	O
sudden	B-DISO
cardiac	I-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
.	O

Usually	O
,	O
we	O
would	O
stop	O
existing	O
CRRT	O
when	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
occurred	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hepatitis	B-SPEC
E	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HEV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	O
viral	O
hepatitis	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Fortunately	O
,	O
major	O
strides	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
recently	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
E	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
model	O
is	O
characterised	O
by	O
a	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
that	O
represents	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Eucalyptol	B-CHED
attenuated	O
inflammation	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
increases	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
numbers	O
,	O
matrix	B-PRGE
metalloproteinase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
(	O
MMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
)	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
production	O
of	O
cytokines	O
(	O
tumour	B-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
factor	O
-	O
α	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
)	O
and	O
phosphorylated	O
extracellular	B-PRGE
signal	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
regulated	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
induced	O
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
from	O
ALI	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
eucalyptol	B-CHED
acts	O
through	O
a	O
mechanism	O
involving	O
decreased	O
MMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
and	O
an	O
extracellular	B-ENZY
signal	I-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
regulated	I-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
-	O
dependent	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
pathway	B-PROC
to	O
exert	B-PROC
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
actions	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
.	O

Google	O
Trends	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
investigate	O
how	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
interest	O
in	O
various	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
topics	O
had	O
changed	O
over	O
time	O
.	O

Unlike	O
2G12	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
strictly	O
specific	O
for	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
density	O
Man9GlcNAc2Asn	O
(	O
Man9	B-PRGE
)-	O
clusters	B-CHED
,	O
GNA	B-CHED
recognizes	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
glycan	I-CHED
cryptic	O
sugar	O
moieties	O
.	O

Virulence	B-PROC
--	O
the	O
harm	O
a	O
pathogen	O
does	O
to	O
its	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
can	O
be	O
extremely	O
high	O
following	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
shift	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
Ebola	O
,	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
SARs	B-DISO
),	O
while	O
other	O
host	B-COMP
shifts	O
may	O
go	O
undetected	O
as	O
they	O
cause	O
few	O
symptoms	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

Recent	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
vaccinating	O
children	O
also	O
protects	O
adults	O
against	O
CAP	B-DISO
by	O
generating	O
significant	O
herd	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
conjugated	O
pneumococcal	O
vaccine	O
in	O
adults	O
may	O
offer	O
some	O
efficacy	O
in	O
preventing	O
CAP	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
vaccine	O
serotypes	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
new	O
evidence	O
shows	O
that	O
(	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
Europe	O
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
MDRO	O
remains	O
uncommon	O
even	O
in	O
HCAP	O
category	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
caspase	B-PRGE
inhibitor	I-PRGE
zVAD	I-PRGE
increases	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
in	O
pneumovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
broad	O
caspase	B-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
Z	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
VAD	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
OMe	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
FMK	I-PRGE
(	O
zVAD	O
)	O
on	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
pneumovirus	B-SPEC
model	O
for	O
severe	O
RSV	B-SPEC
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
changes	O
of	O
the	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
with	O
classic	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
CV777	O
by	O
using	O
quantitative	O
proteomic	O
technique	O
.	O

The	O
identification	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
associated	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
might	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
facilitate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
antiviral	B-CHED
strategies	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
disease	O
-	O
related	O
functions	O
,	O
certain	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
pathways	B-PROC
and	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
Rap1	B-PRGE
,	O
autophagy	B-PROC
,	O
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
,	O
PI3K	B-FUNC
-	O
Akt	B-PRGE
and	O
Jak	B-PROC
-	O
STAT	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
integrin	B-PRGE
β2	I-PRGE
/	O
β3	O
and	O
cystatin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
,	O
represented	O
potential	O
factors	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
syndrome	B-DISO
has	O
raised	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
concerns	O
about	O
the	O
dissemination	O
of	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
highlights	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
coordinated	O
global	O
response	O
to	O
contain	O
such	O
a	O
disease	O
threat	O
.	O

A	O
newer	O
form	O
of	O
ventilation	O
called	O
high	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
in	O
experimental	O
studies	O
to	O
result	O
in	O
less	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
air	B-CHED
leaks	O
,	O
defined	O
as	O
gross	O
air	B-CHED
leaks	O
or	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
interstitial	B-ANAT
emphysema	I-DISO
,	O
occurred	O
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
the	O
HFOV	O
group	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
severe	O
retinopathy	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
prematurity	I-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Self	O
-	O
assembly	O
of	O
a	O
nine	O
-	O
residue	O
amyloid	B-DISO
-	O
forming	O
peptide	B-CHED
fragment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
E	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
:	O
mechanism	O
of	O
self	O
aggregation	O
and	O
amyloid	B-DISO
-	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
hIAPP	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Next	O
generation	O
sequencing	O
technologies	O
:	O
tool	O
to	O
study	O
avian	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
diversity	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
accumulated	O
genetic	O
variations	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
field	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
might	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
antigenic	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
might	O
confer	O
the	O
less	O
effectiveness	O
or	O
failure	O
of	O
the	O
CV777	O
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
currently	O
being	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
Jiangxi	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
combined	O
incidence	O
of	O
viral	O
coinfections	B-DISO
with	O
other	O
pathogens	O
was	O
12	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
9	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
15	O
.	O
0	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
a	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
on	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
soluble	O
RAGE	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
diffuse	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
prospective	O
randomized	O
crossover	O
study	O
.	O

Protective	O
ventilation	O
was	O
applied	O
,	O
and	O
RM	O
consisted	O
of	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
40	O
cmH2O	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
for	O
40	O
s	O
.	O
Arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
was	O
sampled	O
for	O
gas	O
analyses	O
and	O
sRAGE	O
measurements	O
,	O
5	O
min	O
pre	O
-	O
RM	O
(	O
or	O
40	O
-	O
s	O
-	O
long	O
sham	O
period	O
),	O
5	O
,	O
30	O
min	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
6	O
h	O
after	O
the	O
RM	O
(	O
or	O
40	O
-	O
s	O
-	O
long	O
sham	O
period	O
).	O

Mean	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
,	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
were	O
125	O
mmHg	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
(	O
ideal	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
),	O
and	O
13	O
and	O
26	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Median	O
baseline	O
plasma	B-ANAT
sRAGE	O
levels	O
were	O
3	O
,	O
232	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Mean	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
,	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
were	O
125	O
mmHg	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
(	O
ideal	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
),	O
and	O
13	O
and	O
26	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
idea	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
CDC	O
is	O
attractive	O
and	O
even	O
""""	O
sexy	O
""""	O

This	O
article	O
proposes	O
three	O
initial	O
,	O
but	O
essential	O
,	O
steps	O
for	O
such	O
revitalization	O
to	O
take	O
place	O
:	O
political	O
will	O
and	O
support	O
,	O
integration	O
of	O
PHC	B-PRGE
and	O
PH	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
-	O
job	O
professional	O
programs	O
for	O
the	O
workforce	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camel	B-SPEC
enterovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Picornaviridae	I-SPEC
from	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

Whilst	O
picornaviruses	B-SPEC
are	O
known	O
to	O
infect	O
various	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
their	O
existence	O
in	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
was	O
unknown	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
exploited	O
atypical	O
expression	B-PROC
schemes	O
to	O
uncouple	O
PLP1	B-PRGE
from	O
the	O
processing	O
of	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
and	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
in	O
order	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
domains	I-PRGE
for	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
the	O
second	O
strategy	O
,	O
a	O
picornavirus	B-SPEC
autoprocessing	O
element	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
separate	O
a	O
truncated	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
from	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
verify	O
whether	O
porcine	O
deltacoronavirus	O
infection	B-DISO
induces	O
disease	O
,	O
we	O
inoculated	O
gnotobiotic	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
2	O
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
(	O
OH	O
-	O
FD22	O
and	O
OH	O
-	O
FD100	O
)	O
identified	O
by	O
2	O
specific	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCRs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Developing	O
countries	O
are	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
importing	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Corona	B-CHED
Virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
current	O
hot	B-DISO
spots	I-DISO
for	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
a	O
sizeable	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
is	O
from	O
other	O
countries	O
,	O
but	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
countries	O
have	O
yet	O
to	O
detect	O
any	O
importation	O
of	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
.	O
To	O
assess	O
the	O
disease	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
in	O
these	O
countries	O
,	O
supplemental	O
surveillance	O
strategies	O
are	O
urgently	O
needed	O
beyond	O
the	O
currently	O
recommended	O
measures	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
TLR2	B-PRGE
was	O
involved	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
N	O
-	O
induced	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activation	O
in	O
IECs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
H7N9	O
and	O
H1N1pdm	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
adjusting	O
age	O
and	O
gender	O
,	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
chronic	O
medical	O
conditions	O
or	O
treatment	O
were	O
found	O
between	O
severely	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
H7N9	O
and	O
H1N1pdm	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
After	O
adjusting	O
age	O
and	O
gender	O
,	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
chronic	O
medical	O
conditions	O
or	O
treatment	O
were	O
found	O
between	O
severely	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
H7N9	O
and	O
H1N1pdm	O
.	O

An	O
infectious	O
aerosol	O
is	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
pathogen	O
-	O
laden	O
particles	O
in	O
air	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenicity	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
United	O
States	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
isolate	O
in	O
5	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
PDCoV	O
was	O
investigated	O
following	O
orogastric	O
inoculation	O
of	O
5	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
piglets	O
with	O
a	O
plaque	B-DISO
-	O
purified	O
PDCoV	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
isolate	O
(	O
3	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
TCID50	O
per	O
pig	B-SPEC
).	O

This	O
review	O
summarizes	O
recent	O
gains	O
in	O
our	O
knowledge	O
of	O
how	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
use	O
these	O
co	O
-	O
opted	O
host	B-COMP
nuclear	O
factors	O
in	O
new	O
functional	O
roles	O
supporting	O
virus	B-SPEC
translation	B-PROC
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
common	O
themes	O
employed	O
between	O
different	O
virus	O
groups	O
.	O

Our	O
model	O
of	O
risk	O
stratification	O
outperformed	O
the	O
stratification	O
using	O
baseline	O
PaO₂	B-PRGE
/	O
FiO₂	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
standardised	O
PaO₂	B-PRGE
/	O
FiO₂	O
at	O
24	O
h	O
,	O
when	O
analysed	O
by	O
the	O
predictive	O
receiver	O
operating	O
characteristic	O
(	O
ROC	O
)	O
curve	O
:	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
ROC	O
curve	O
for	O
stratification	O
at	O
baseline	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
583	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
525	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
636	O
),	O
0	O
.	O
605	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
552	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
658	O
)	O
at	O
24	O
h	O
without	O
SVS	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
693	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
645	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
742	O
)	O
at	O
24	O
h	O
under	O
SVS	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
000001	O
).	O

We	O
genotyped	O
the	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2518A	I-PRGE
and	O
MBL	O
codon	O
54	O
variant	O
(	O
A	O
/	O
B	O
)	O
in	O
4	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
populations	O
of	O
Chinese	O
descent	O
,	O
totally	O
consisting	O
of	O
932	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
982	O
control	O
subjects	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Both	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
-	O
producing	O
GG	O
genotype	O
and	O
the	O
low	O
-	O
MBL	O
-	O
producing	O
B	B-PRGE
allele	I-PRGE
were	O
consistently	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risks	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
all	O
4	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
populations	O
(	O
joint	B-ANAT
P	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
×	O
10	O
(-	O
4	O
)	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
×	O
10	O
(-	O
8	O
),	O
for	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
and	O
MBL	B-PRGE
respectively	O
),	O
with	O
no	O
interaction	O
between	O
polymorphisms	B-PROC
could	O
be	O
detected	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
sustained	O
anterior	O
subluxation	O
at	O
cervical	B-ANAT
spine	I-ANAT
levels	O
C5	O
-	O
C6	O
and	O
severe	O
spinal	B-ANAT
canal	I-ANAT
compromise	O
with	O
cord	B-DISO
compression	I-DISO
and	O
edema	B-DISO
from	O
C5	O
to	O
C7	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
quadriplegia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
patient	O
developed	O
aspiration	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
for	O
which	O
he	O
was	O
given	O
vancomycin	B-CHED
and	O
piperacillin	B-CHED
-	O
tazobactam	O
.	O

The	O
multi	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
epitope	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
SE	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
designed	O
by	O
arranging	O
three	O
S	O
gene	O
fragments	O
(	O
166	O
-	O
247	O
aa	O
,	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
;	O
501	O
-	O
515	O
aa	O
,	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
;	O
8	O
-	O
30	O
aa	O
,	O
S2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
tandem	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
identified	O
to	O
be	O
approximately	O
32	O
kDa	O
as	O
a	O
His	O
-	O
tagged	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
can	O
bind	B-FUNC
IBV	B-SPEC
positive	O
serum	B-COMP
by	O
western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Objective	O
Fibre	B-ANAT
-	O
optic	B-ANAT
bronchoscopy	O
with	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
FOB	O
-	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
tool	O
for	O
diagnosing	O
and	O
selecting	O
treatment	O
for	O
acutely	O
hypoxaemic	O
patients	O
with	O
diffuse	O
lung	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
FOB	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
BAL	I-PRGE
carries	O
a	O
risk	O
of	O
significant	O
hypoxaemia	O
and	O
subsequent	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
during	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
procedure	O
.	O

Data	O
regarding	O
the	O
recovered	O
volume	O
of	O
BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
,	O
incidence	O
of	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
within	O
eight	O
hours	O
after	O
the	O
completion	O
of	O
FOB	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
BAL	I-PRGE
,	O
respiratory	O
and	O
haemodynamic	O
parameters	O
and	O
treatment	O
modifications	O
were	O
collected	O
for	O
the	O
evaluation	O
.	O

Host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
components	O
prime	O
these	O
viral	O
surface	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
to	O
catalyze	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
at	O
specific	O
times	O
and	O
places	O
during	O
virus	B-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
.	O

This	O
research	O
focuses	O
on	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
and	O
identifies	O
TEMs	O
as	O
sites	O
of	O
viral	O
proteolysis	B-PROC
,	O
thereby	O
defining	O
subcellular	O
locations	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
priming	O
with	O
greater	O
precision	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
:	O
Etiology	O
,	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
immunoprophylaxis	O
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
cause	O
acute	O
,	O
severe	O
atrophic	B-DISO
enteritis	B-DISO
accompanied	O
by	O
viremia	B-DISO
that	O
leads	O
to	O
profound	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
vomiting	I-DISO
,	O
followed	O
by	O
extensive	O
dehydration	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
nursing	B-PROC
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
risk	O
of	O
skidding	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
complications	O
conditionally	O
designated	O
as	O
high	O
,	O
moderate	O
and	O
minimal	O
risk	O
importation	O
of	O
measles	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
Rate	O
was	O
considered	O
as	O
high	O
.	O

The	O
E	O
and	O
3b	O
protein	B-CHED
products	O
play	O
key	O
roles	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
virulence	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
RNA	B-PROC
folding	I-PROC
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
UTR	O
did	O
not	O
alter	O
the	O
predicted	O
secondary	O
structure	O
.	O

Template	O
-	O
based	O
protein	B-CHED
structure	O
modelling	O
produced	O
the	O
first	O
theoretical	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
spike	O
monomer	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serotype	O
shift	O
of	O
a	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
genotype	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
natural	O
recombination	B-PROC
.	O

Whereas	O
,	O
vaccination	O
of	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
vaccine	O
provided	O
better	O
protection	O
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LHLJ	O
/	O
140906	O
than	O
did	O
vaccination	O
with	O
the	O
H120	O
strain	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
re	O
-	O
isolation	O
.	O

At	O
PIDs	O
1	O
-	O
5	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
mildly	O
to	O
extensively	O
disorganized	O
,	O
irregular	O
distribution	O
and	O
reduced	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
ZO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
or	O
E	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Cadherin	I-PRGE
in	O
villous	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
crypt	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
and	O
ileum	B-ANAT
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
large	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
,	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
negative	O
controls	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
a	O
possible	O
involvement	O
of	O
structurally	O
impaired	B-DISO
TJ	O
and	O
AJ	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
potentially	O
leading	O
to	O
secondary	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
management	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
prior	O
to	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
(	O
HCT	O
)	O
is	O
difficult	O
.	O

Of	O
458	O
patients	O
,	O
116	O
(	O
25	O
%)	O
had	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
detected	O
pre	O
-	O
HCT	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
isolated	O
outbreak	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
in	O
a	O
haematological	O
department	O
during	O
post	O
-	O
pandemic	O
period	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
fulminant	O
course	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
AH1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
postpandemic	O
period	O
in	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
patients	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
hematology	O
department	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Fourteen	O
patients	O
with	O
hematological	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
unexpectedly	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
).	O

Three	O
doses	O
of	O
simvastatin	B-CHED
(	O
20	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
or	O
saline	O
were	O
injected	O
intraperitoneally	O
on	O
days	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
-	O
1	O
and	O
0	O
of	O
the	O
experiment	O
.	O

Ventilation	O
with	O
high	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
HVt	O
)	O
resulted	O
in	O
significantly	O
increased	O
lung	B-ANAT
elastance	O
by	O
3	O
-	O
fold	O
and	O
decreased	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
compliance	I-DISO
by	O
45	O
%	O
compared	O
to	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
LVt	O
)	O
but	O
simvastatin	B-CHED
abrogated	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanical	O
alterations	O
of	O
HVt	O
.	O

High	O
-	O
dose	O
simvastatin	B-CHED
prevents	O
experimental	O
hyperinflation	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	O
by	O
angioprotective	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
effects	O
.	O

Wet	O
mount	O
microscopy	O
from	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
showed	O
broad	O
-	O
based	O
yeast	B-SPEC
consistent	O
with	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
dermatitidis	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
early	O
appropriate	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
transfer	O
to	O
an	O
institution	O
experienced	O
with	O
ECMO	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
when	O
caring	O
for	O
patients	O
from	O
endemic	O
areas	O
with	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
disease	O
seen	O
in	O
critically	O
ill	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
envelopes	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
contain	O
primarily	O
three	O
proteins	O
;	O
the	O
two	O
major	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
and	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
),	O
and	O
envelope	B-COMP
(	O
E	O
),	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
glycosylated	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Unlike	O
other	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
CoVs	O
bud	B-ANAT
and	O
assemble	O
at	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
)-	O
Golgi	B-COMP
intermediate	O
compartment	B-ANAT
(	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mutations	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
10	O
decrease	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
fidelity	O
.	O

R80A	O
/	O
E82A	O
-	O
ExoN	O
(+)	O
reached	O
a	O
peak	O
titer	O
similar	O
to	O
and	O
demonstrated	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
kinetics	O
comparable	O
to	O
those	O
seen	O
with	O
WT	O
-	O
ExoN	O
(+).	O

Proteins	B-CHED
,	O
such	O
as	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
trans	O
-	O
activator	O
of	O
transcription	B-PROC
(	O
TAT	B-ENZY
)	O
and	O
Antennapedia	B-PRGE
homeodomain	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
crossing	O
cellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

Being	O
able	O
to	O
incorporate	O
the	O
key	O
features	O
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
enable	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
into	O
simpler	O
scaffolds	O
opens	O
up	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
opportunities	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
delivery	O
reagents	B-CHED
with	O
improved	O
performance	O
.	O

These	O
scaffolds	O
deviate	O
from	O
the	O
normal	O
peptide	B-CHED
backbone	B-ANAT
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
simpler	O
,	O
synthetic	O
procedures	O
to	O
make	O
carriers	O
and	O
tune	O
chemical	O
compositions	O
for	O
application	O
specific	O
needs	O
.	O

Successful	O
design	O
of	O
polymeric	O
protein	B-CHED
mimics	O
would	O
allow	O
researchers	O
to	O
further	O
understand	O
the	O
key	O
features	O
in	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
peptides	B-CHED
necessary	O
for	O
efficient	O
delivery	O
and	O
to	O
design	O
the	O
next	O
generation	O
of	O
more	O
efficient	O
delivery	O
reagents	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transpulmonary	O
bubble	O
transit	O
(	O
TPBT	O
)	O
detected	O
with	O
contrast	O
echocardiography	O
is	O
reported	O
as	O
a	O
sign	O
of	O
intrapulmonary	O
shunt	O
during	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
or	O
exercise	O
in	O
healthy	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
large	O
TPBT	O
had	O
higher	O
values	O
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
and	O
heart	B-ANAT
rate	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
without	O
TPBT	O
.	O

Moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
large	O
TPBT	O
was	O
detected	O
with	O
contrast	O
echocardiography	O
in	O
26	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Postoperatively	O
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
ventilator	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
,	O
hemotherapy	O
,	O
and	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrhythmia	I-DISO
were	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
some	O
degree	O
of	O
transient	O
dysfunction	O
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
reintubation	O
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
ventilator	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
in	O
the	O
postoperative	O
period	O
of	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
procedures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterizing	O
the	O
transmission	O
potential	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
infections	B-DISO
from	O
minor	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
transmission	O
potential	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
infection	O
depends	O
on	O
both	O
the	O
inherent	O
transmissibility	O
of	O
a	O
pathogen	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
susceptibility	O
in	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
population	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
may	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
operative	O
management	O
of	O
tracheal	O
injury	O
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
need	O
for	O
prolonged	O
intubation	O
.	O

The	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
ventilator	O
management	O
were	O
essential	O
for	O
this	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
recovery	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characteristics	O
and	O
Outcomes	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Patients	O
Admitted	O
to	O
an	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
in	O
Jeddah	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Eight	O
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

European	O
Union	O
,	O
German	O
Centre	O
for	O
Infection	B-DISO
Research	O
,	O
Federal	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Education	O
and	O
Research	O
,	O
German	O
Research	O
Council	O
,	O
and	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Along	O
with	O
progress	O
in	O
MERS	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
these	O
obstacles	O
can	O
be	O
circumvented	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
mitigated	O
.	O

We	O
observed	O
delay	O
in	O
diagnostic	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
procedures	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
clinical	O
signs	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
.	O

IgM	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
was	O
positive	O
in	O
all	O
the	O
17	O
cases	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
9	O
male	O
cases	O
,	O
8	O
female	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
age	O
was	O
from	O
2	O
months	O
to	O
10	O
years	O
.	O

All	O
the	O
17	O
patients	O
received	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
because	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
within	O
1	O
week	O
of	O
onset	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
14	O
cases	O
were	O
complicated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
acute	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
6	O
cases	O
of	O
tension	B-DISO
pneumothorax	I-DISO
,	O
3	O
cases	O
were	O
complicated	O
with	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
,	O
laryngeal	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
III	O
degrees	O
,	O
and	O
totally	O
7	O
cases	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Fourteen	O
cases	O
failed	O
to	O
inoculate	O
measles	B-PATH
vaccine	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
level	O
of	O
soluble	O
receptors	O
for	O
advanced	O
glycation	O
end	O
-	O
products	O
(	O
sRAGE	O
)	O
and	O
aquaporin	B-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
(	O
AQP5	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
preterm	O
infants	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
RDS	O
).	O

All	O
34	O
Scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
patients	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
recovered	O
completely	O
.	O

Scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
is	O
an	O
important	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
a	O
patients	O
having	O
fever	B-PROC
with	O
thrombocytopenia	O
.	O

Among	O
24	O
Scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
22	O
patients	O
recovered	O
,	O
and	O
2	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
paralysis	O
in	O
a	O
child	O
:	O
The	O
severe	O
axonal	O
variant	O
of	O
childhood	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Diagnosis	O
relies	O
solely	O
on	O
accurate	O
neurophysiologic	O
testing	O
and	O
is	O
important	O
because	O
the	O
available	O
treatment	O
options	O
for	O
GBS	B-DISO
are	O
frequently	O
ineffective	O
in	O
these	O
variants	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
GATA	O
-	O
2	O
transcription	O
factor	O
deficiency	O
has	O
recently	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
propensity	O
towards	O
myeloid	B-DISO
malignancy	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
other	O
highly	O
variable	O
phenotypic	O
features	O
:	O
chronic	O
leukocytopenias	B-DISO
(	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
-,	O
monocyto	O
-,	O
granulocyto	O
-,	O
lymphocytopenia	B-DISO
),	O
increased	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
lymphatic	B-ANAT
vasculature	B-ANAT
abnormalities	O
,	O
and	O
sensorineural	B-DISO
deafness	I-DISO
.	O

At	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
presentation	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
serological	O
signs	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
Epstein	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Barr	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EBV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
present	O
;	O
EBV	B-DISO
viremia	I-DISO
with	O
atypical	O
serological	O
response	O
persisted	O
during	O
two	O
-	O
year	O
follow	O
up	O
.	O

Diagnosis	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
previously	O
published	O
heterozygous	O
mutation	B-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
GATA2	I-PRGE
(	O
c	O
.	O
1081	O
C	O
>	O
T	O
,	O
p	O
.	O

The	O
brother	O
had	O
no	O
clinically	O
relevant	O
ailments	O
despite	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
changes	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
.	O

While	O
assays	O
detecting	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
were	O
implemented	O
quickly	O
,	O
assays	O
to	O
detect	O
anti	O
-	O
PDCoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
have	O
not	O
been	O
available	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PDCoV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
were	O
detected	O
in	O
archived	O
samples	O
collected	O
in	O
2010	O
,	O
perhaps	O
indicating	O
an	O
earlier	O
undetected	O
introduction	O
into	O
the	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
pig	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
the	O
obtained	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
PDCoV	O
seroprevalence	O
in	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
pigs	B-SPEC
is	O
lower	O
compared	O
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
PDCoV	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
introduced	O
to	O
the	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
prior	O
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
was	O
to	O
present	O
the	O
clinical	O
evidence	O
supporting	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
RMs	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
during	O
general	B-PROC
anesthesia	I-PROC
and	O
as	O
well	O
their	O
potential	O
biological	O
effects	O
in	O
experimental	O
models	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
mild	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
isolated	O
HS	O
or	O
OA	O
injection	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
posttraumatic	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
group	O
demonstrated	O
significantly	O
higher	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
levels	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
HS	O
group	O
(	O
744	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
104	O
versus	O
297	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
134	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
).	O

Thirty	O
seven	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
,	O
nine	O
lineage	O
D	O
betacoronaviruses	O
,	O
and	O
one	O
lineage	O
B	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
related	O
)	O
were	O
identified	O
.	O

Despite	O
elevated	O
systolic	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
sPAP	O
),	O
patients	O
with	O
isolated	O
PFO	B-CHED
had	O
a	O
normal	O
RV	O
systolic	O
function	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
ACP	B-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
36	O
patients	O
,	O
PFO	B-CHED
in	O
21	O
patients	O
,	O
both	O
PFO	B-CHED
and	O
ACP	B-DISO
in	O
8	O
patients	O
and	O
the	O
130	O
remaining	O
patients	O
had	O
neither	O
PFO	B-CHED
nor	O
ACP	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
nanoparticle	B-CHED
-	O
assisted	O
PCR	O
assay	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
a	O
nanoPCR	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
Th17	O
/	O
Treg	O
pattern	O
and	O
its	O
impact	O
on	O
disease	O
severity	O
and	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
While	O
it	O
is	O
known	O
that	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
(	O
ARI	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
less	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
co	O
-	O
detections	O
and	O
the	O
resultant	O
comparative	O
symptoms	O
and	O
illness	O
burden	O
.	O

Among	O
outpatients	O
with	O
ARI	B-CHED
,	O
69	O
%	O
of	O
visits	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
viral	O
etiology	O
.	O

Co	O
-	O
detections	O
of	O
specific	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
observed	O
in	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
ARI	B-CHED
cases	O
particularly	O
in	O
children	O
,	O
were	O
less	O
frequent	O
in	O
households	O
without	O
children	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
less	O
symptomatic	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
lower	O
fever	B-PROC
)	O
than	O
single	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
studied	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
routine	O
biochemical	O
variables	O
albumin	B-PRGE
,	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
CRP	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
LDH	B-PRGE
)	O
to	O
improve	O
prediction	O
and	O
monitoring	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
severity	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Low	O
baseline	O
albumin	B-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
moderately	O
associated	O
with	O
maximum	O
Berlin	O
and	O
LIS	B-FUNC
categories	O
within	O
7	O
days	O
;	O
an	O
elevated	O
CRP	B-PRGE
level	O
was	O
moderately	O
associated	O
with	O
maximum	O
Berlin	O
categories	O
only	O
.	O

LDH	B-PRGE
levels	O
predicted	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
.	O

Certain	O
Malagasy	O
bats	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
frequently	O
found	O
in	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
frugivorous	O
bats	B-SPEC
feed	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
trees	O
where	O
people	O
collect	O
and	O
consume	O
fruits	O
and	O
are	O
hunted	O
and	O
consumed	O
as	O
bush	O
meat	O
.	O

Frugivorous	O
bats	B-SPEC
belonging	O
to	O
three	O
species	B-SPEC
were	O
captured	O
in	O
four	O
different	O
regions	O
of	O
Madagascar	O
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
fecal	B-ANAT
and	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
through	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
)	O
gene	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
highly	O
conserved	O
in	O
all	O
known	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
CoVs	O
circulate	O
in	O
frugivorous	O
bats	B-SPEC
of	O
Madagascar	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
needs	O
to	O
evaluate	O
spillover	O
risk	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
especially	O
for	O
individuals	O
that	O
hunt	O
and	O
consume	O
infected	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
From	O
351	O
frugivorous	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
detected	O
14	O
coronaviruses	O
from	O
two	O
endemic	O
bats	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
,	O
of	O
which	O
13	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
from	O
Pteropus	B-SPEC
rufus	I-SPEC
and	O
one	O
from	O
Eidolon	B-SPEC
dupreanum	O
,	O
giving	O
an	O
overall	O
prevalence	O
of	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
fatal	O
disease	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
caused	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
To	O
develop	O
an	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
method	O
for	O
detection	O
and	O
genotyping	O
of	O
FCoV	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
comparative	O
genome	O
analysis	O
using	O
WGSs	O
of	O
32	O
FCoV	O
,	O
7	O
CCoV	O
and	O
5	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
strains	O
obtained	O
from	O
NCBI	O
.	O

As	O
the	O
PCR	O
target	O
,	O
we	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
nsp14	O
coding	O
region	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
highly	O
conserved	O
and	O
phylogenetically	O
informative	O
,	O
and	O
developed	O
a	O
PCR	O
method	O
targeting	B-PROC
nsp14	O
partial	O
sequences	O
.	O

PCV2	O
and	O
HEV	B-SPEC
are	O
both	O
highly	O
prevalent	O
in	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Immunohistochemical	O
staining	O
showed	O
HEV	B-SPEC
-	O
and	O
PCV2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
-	O
positive	O
signals	O
in	O
the	O
livers	B-ANAT
,	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
,	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
intestine	B-ANAT
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
effective	O
pharmacological	O
treatment	O
for	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
novel	O
curcumin	B-CHED
analog	O
c26	O
has	O
remarkable	O
protective	O
effects	O
on	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
in	O
rat	B-SPEC
.	O

Sixty	O
-	O
nine	O
patients	O
were	O
identified	O
(	O
80	O
%	O
male	O
;	O
age	O
,	O
35	O
y	O
[	O
range	O
,	O
24	O
-	O
49	O
];	O
ISS	B-DISO
27	O
[	O
9	O
-	O
59	O
]).	O

Patients	O
with	O
head	B-ANAT
injuries	O
had	O
a	O
lower	O
incidence	O
of	O
hypoxemia	O
from	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
therapeutic	O
drug	O
that	O
is	O
effective	O
against	O
FIP	B-DISO
has	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
synthesized	O
30	O
overlapping	O
peptides	B-CHED
based	O
on	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
type	O
I	O
FIPV	O
strain	O
KU	O
-	O
2	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
investigated	O
their	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
on	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
efficiency	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
increased	O
by	O
diluting	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
medium	O
containing	O
a	O
polycation	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
14	O
),	O
including	O
8	O
on	O
haemodialysis	O
,	O
was	O
100	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
impacts	O
of	O
deoxynivalenol	O
(	O
DON	O
)	O
feeding	O
either	O
alone	O
or	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
a	O
microbial	O
feed	O
additive	O
(	O
MFA	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
a	O
viral	O
vaccine	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
clinical	O
chemical	O
parameters	O
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
novel	O
vaccine	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Taiwan	O
or	O
the	O
global	O
non	O
-	O
S	O
INDEL	B-PROC
strains	O
may	O
be	O
contributive	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
global	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
reported	O
case	O
of	O
acquired	O
factor	B-DISO
V	I-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
receiving	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
serious	O
and	O
emerging	O
issue	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
and	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

Approval	O
was	O
sought	O
and	O
received	O
by	O
the	O
Ethics	O
Committee	O
for	O
the	O
College	O
of	O
Nursing	B-PROC
.	O

Nursing	B-PROC
colleges	O
must	O
respond	O
thoroughly	O
to	O
protect	O
students	O
and	O
staff	O
and	O
prevent	O
spread	O
of	O
disease	O
into	O
the	O
university	O
community	O
in	O
the	O
midst	O
of	O
an	O
epidemic	O
.	O

Through	O
yeast	B-SPEC
two	O
-	O
hybrid	O
screening	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
eight	B-PRGE
potential	I-PRGE
cellular	I-PRGE
P6	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
interacting	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
spleen	B-ANAT
cDNA	O
library	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
revealed	O
a	O
new	O
mechanism	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
P6	I-PRGE
in	O
limiting	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
to	O
promote	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
survival	O
in	O
host	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

To	O
test	O
this	O
hypothesis	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
immune	O
protection	O
were	O
measured	O
in	O
chicks	O
vaccinated	O
at	O
different	O
ages	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
from	O
the	O
1	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
group	O
had	O
lower	O
avidity	O
indices	O
than	O
day	O
28	O
vaccinated	O
birds	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
tumor	B-DISO
lysis	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
child	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
lymphoblastic	I-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
eye	I-ANAT
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
positive	O
immunohistochemistry	O
.	O

Systemic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
disease	O
in	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
closely	O
resembles	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
can	O
manifest	O
with	O
anterior	B-DISO
uveitis	I-DISO
,	O
chorioretinitis	B-DISO
,	O
optic	B-DISO
neuritis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
retinal	B-DISO
detachment	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Rapid	O
and	O
reliable	O
laboratory	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
persons	O
suspected	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
important	O
for	O
timely	O
implementation	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
and	O
disease	O
management	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
monitoring	O
molecular	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
help	O
elucidate	O
chains	O
of	O
transmission	O
and	O
identify	O
mutations	O
that	O
might	O
influence	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
efficiency	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
assesses	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
maturation	B-PROC
and	O
aging	B-PROC
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
responses	O
to	O
injury	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Increasing	O
age	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
correlated	O
with	O
exaggerated	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
responses	O
to	O
injury	O
,	O
ultimately	O
leading	O
to	O
more	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
results	O
indicate	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
age	O
-	O
dependent	O
changes	O
in	O
key	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
intracellular	B-COMP
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
involved	O
in	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
Coagulation	B-PROC
Parameters	O
,	O
Anticoagulation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
Need	O
for	O
Transfusion	O
in	O
Patients	O
on	O
Interventional	O
Lung	O
Assist	O
or	O
Veno	O
-	O
Venous	B-ANAT
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cost	O
-	O
effective	O
interventions	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
RTIs	O
)	O
in	O
mass	O
gatherings	O
.	O

The	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
(	O
APACHE	O
)	O
II	O
,	O
APACHE	O
III	O
,	O
Multiple	O
Organ	B-ANAT
Dysfunction	O
Score	O
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
),	O
Simplified	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
Score	O
II	O
(	O
SAPS	O
II	O
),	O
and	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
(	O
SOFA	O
)	O
scores	O
were	O
calculated	O
for	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
value	O
of	O
exacerbation	O
frequency	O
for	O
predicting	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
COPD	B-DISO
was	O
excellent	O
(	O
AUC	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
892	O
),	O
with	O
a	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
851	O
and	O
a	O
specificity	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
797	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Prone	O
positioning	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
no	O
impact	O
on	O
mortality	O
despite	O
significant	O
improvements	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
further	O
additional	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
design	O
to	O
study	O
are	O
required	O
for	O
confirm	O
benefit	O
of	O
prone	O
position	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Prone	O
positioning	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
incidence	O
of	O
cardiac	B-DISO
events	I-DISO
(	O
RR	O
1	O
.	O
01	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
87	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
17	O
)	O
or	O
ventilator	B-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
88	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
71	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
09	O
),	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
incidence	O
of	O
pressure	B-DISO
sores	I-DISO
(	O
RR	O
1	O
.	O
23	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
07	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
41	O
)	O
and	O
endotracheal	O
dislocation	O
(	O
RR	O
1	O
.	O
33	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
74	O
).	O

Nursing	B-PROC
research	O
has	O
increased	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
implications	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
hospitals	O
.	O

Brain	B-ANAT
magnetic	O
resonant	O
imaging	O
(	O
MRI	O
)	O
revealed	O
a	O
strikingly	O
selective	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
injury	O
early	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
small	O
region	O
of	O
porcine	B-PRGE
hemagglutinating	I-PRGE
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
neural	O
cell	O
adhesion	O
molecule	O
.	O

This	O
fragment	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
that	O
mediates	O
PHEV	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
NCAM	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
)-	O
NL63	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
),	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
Boca	B-DISO
),	O
human	B-SPEC
polyomavirus	B-SPEC
KI	O
(	O
KIV	O
)	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
polyomavirus	B-SPEC
WU	O
(	O
WUV	O
)	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
RTI	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Kuwait	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
HKU1	I-SPEC
Spike	I-PRGE
Protein	B-CHED
Uses	O
O	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
Acetylated	I-CHED
Sialic	I-CHED
Acid	I-CHED
as	O
an	O
Attachment	O
Receptor	O
Determinant	O
and	O
Employs	O
Hemagglutinin	O
-	O
Esterase	O
Protein	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
Receptor	O
-	O
Destroying	O
Enzyme	O
.	O

We	O
established	O
a	O
miniaturized	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
gene	O
reporter	O
assay	O
in	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
measures	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
induction	O
by	O
viral	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
and	O
is	O
dose	O
-	O
dependently	O
inhibited	O
by	O
VP35	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

When	O
compared	O
to	O
influenza	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
NS1	B-DISO
protein	B-CHED
,	O
EBOV	O
VP35	O
showed	O
improved	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
induction	O
.	O

A	O
high	O
quality	O
homology	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
OC43	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
was	O
successfully	O
generated	O
in	O
an	O
active	O
conformation	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
lead	O
compound	O
16R	O
may	O
represent	O
a	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
OC43	O
and	O
potentially	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

For	O
pathology	B-DISO
and	O
immunofluorescence	O
staining	O
for	O
Ki67	O
(	O
marker	O
for	O
crypt	B-ANAT
proliferation	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
LGR5	B-PRGE
(	O
marker	O
for	O
crypt	B-ANAT
stem	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
),	O
3	O
-	O
4	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
euthanized	O
at	O
postinoculation	O
days	O
(	O
PIDs	O
)	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
and	O
5	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
show	O
evidence	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
at	O
PID	B-DISO
1	O
.	O

Pigs	B-SPEC
exhibited	O
high	O
fecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
titers	O
at	O
PIDs	O
2	O
-	O
5	O
and	O
mild	O
to	O
severe	O
atrophic	B-DISO
enteritis	B-DISO
at	O
PIDs	O
3	O
-	O
5	O
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
longer	O
incubation	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clinical	O
disease	O
associated	O
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
naïve	O
pigs	B-SPEC
is	O
well	O
chronicled	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
information	O
on	O
endemic	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
is	O
limited	O
.	O

All	O
PG	O
/	O
C	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
PCR	O
-	O
negative	O
post	O
-	O
challenge	O
.	O

After	O
virus	B-SPEC
inoculation	O
,	O
neither	O
clinical	O
signs	O
nor	O
evident	O
gross	O
lesions	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
open	O
endotracheal	O
suctioning	O
on	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
and	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
in	O
ARF	B-DISO
patients	O
under	O
the	O
modes	O
of	O
PCV	B-CHED
or	O
VCV	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
initial	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
compliance	O
(	O
C	O
rs	O
)	O
decreased	O
by	O
29	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
and	O
28	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
at	O
1	O
min	O
and	O
10	O
min	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Summarily	O
,	O
endotracheal	O
suctioning	O
may	O
impair	O
gas	O
exchange	O
and	O
decrease	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
in	O
ARF	B-DISO
patients	O
receiving	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
under	O
both	O
PCV	B-CHED
and	O
VCV	O
modes	O
,	O
but	O
endotracheal	O
suctioning	O
effects	O
on	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
were	O
more	O
severe	O
and	O
longer	O
-	O
lasting	O
under	O
PCV	B-CHED
mode	O
than	O
VCV	O
.	O

Recent	O
advances	O
in	O
recombinant	O
DNA	O
technology	O
have	O
resulted	O
in	O
experimental	O
IB	O
vaccines	O
that	O
show	O
promise	O
in	O
antibody	B-FUNC
and	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
responses	O
,	O
comparable	O
to	O
live	O
attenuated	O
vaccines	O
.	O

One	O
group	O
of	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6J	O
mice	B-SPEC
received	O
LPS	B-DISO
via	O
intratracheal	O
injection	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
and	O
another	O
received	O
sterile	B-DISO
water	B-CHED
(	O
n	O
=	O
7	O
).	O

In	O
concordance	O
with	O
the	O
16s	B-CHED
-	O
tag	B-DISO
data	O
,	O
Stenotrohomonas	O
maltophilia	O
(	O
Xanthomonadaceae	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
Ochrobactrum	B-SPEC
anthropi	I-SPEC
(	O
Brucellaceae	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
from	O
both	O
groups	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
bacteria	O
are	O
the	O
main	O
pathogens	O
involved	O
in	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
significant	O
number	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
are	O
caused	O
by	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
either	O
directly	O
or	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Neuraminidase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
for	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
reduce	O
transmission	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
exposure	O
and	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
clinical	O
progress	O
of	O
patients	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
;	O
their	O
use	O
in	O
common	O
infections	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
recommended	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
High	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
is	O
theoretically	O
ideal	O
for	O
lung	O
protective	O
strategy	O
ventilation	O
(	O
LPSV	O
)	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
was	O
not	O
different	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Between	O
June	O
2010	O
and	O
February	O
2014	O
,	O
49	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
included	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
International	O
Health	O
Regulations	O
(	O
2005	O
)	O
facilitate	O
communication	O
for	O
in	O
-	O
flight	B-PROC
contacts	O
of	O
a	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
case	O
,	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
Special	O
Administrative	O
Region	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O

As	O
an	O
alternative	O
,	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
with	O
hypertonic	O
saline	O
((	O
HS	O
)	O
NaCl	B-CHED
7	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
promising	O
therapeutical	O
agent	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
diminished	O
amount	O
of	O
fluid	O
necessary	O
.	O

As	O
molecular	O
testing	O
can	O
be	O
limited	O
by	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
window	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
present	O
,	O
serological	O
testing	O
provides	O
information	O
about	O
past	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
spread	O
in	O
populations	O
after	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
cleared	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
at	O
screening	O
available	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
100	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
,	O
frugivorous	O
bats	B-SPEC
(	O
Eidolon	B-SPEC
helvum	I-SPEC
)	O
sampled	O
in	O
2009	O
/	O
10	O
in	O
Ghana	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
complete	O
panel	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-PATH
haemagglutinin	O
(	O
HA	O
)	O
types	O
ranging	O
from	O
H1	O
to	O
H18	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
microarray	O
platform	O
.	O

This	O
technique	O
enables	O
simultaneous	O
serological	O
testing	O
against	O
multiple	O
recombinant	O
HA	O
-	O
types	O
in	O
5	O
μl	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Case	O
Report	O
Serious	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
splenectomized	O
patient	O
with	O
adult	O
type	B-DISO
1	I-DISO
Gaucher	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
postoperative	O
day	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
developed	O
a	O
lung	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
in	O
which	O
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)-	O
guided	O
percutaneous	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
diagnose	O
EP	O
without	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
eosinophilia	B-DISO
or	O
peripheral	O
eosinophilia	B-DISO
.	O

CT	O
-	O
guided	O
percutaneous	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
may	O
represent	O
a	O
new	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
EP	O
in	O
patients	O
without	O
typical	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
eosinophilia	B-DISO
or	O
peripheral	O
eosinophilia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Infections	I-DISO
in	O
Pediatric	O
Outpatients	O
with	O
Febrile	B-PROC
Respiratory	B-DISO
Tract	I-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
in	O
Hiroshima	O
,	O
Japan	O
,	O
over	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
Year	O
Period	O
.	O

Overheated	O
polytetrafluoroethylene	B-CHED
can	O
generate	O
toxic	O
fumes	O
,	O
inducing	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
in	O
some	O
cases	O
.	O

A	O
literature	O
review	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
survey	O
all	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
polytetrafluoroethylene	B-CHED
fume	O
-	O
induced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
search	O
revealed	O
that	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
frequently	O
accompanied	O
by	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
common	O
computed	O
tomography	O
findings	O
were	O
bilateral	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
,	O
patchy	O
consolidation	O
and	O
peripheral	O
area	O
sparing	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
new	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
method	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
rapid	O
,	O
sensitive	O
and	O
efficient	O
to	O
detect	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O
This	O
method	O
holds	O
great	O
promises	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
laboratory	O
detection	O
and	O
discrimination	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
but	O
also	O
in	O
large	O
scale	O
field	O
and	O
clinical	O
studies	O
.	O

By	O
substitution	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
we	O
created	O
a	O
recombinant	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
with	O
an	O
artificial	O
furin	B-PRGE
protease	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
N	O
terminal	O
of	O
the	O
putative	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
SFCS	O
).	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
SFCS	O
exhibited	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
-	O
independent	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
and	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
replicate	O
in	O
culture	O
cells	B-COMP
independently	O
of	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
,	O
though	O
to	O
low	O
titer	O
.	O

Using	O
next	O
-	O
generation	O
transcriptome	O
sequencing	O
(	O
mRNA	B-CHED
-	O
seq	O
),	O
we	O
profiled	O
the	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
response	O
of	O
Pteropus	B-SPEC
vampyrus	I-SPEC
bat	B-ENZY
kidney	B-ANAT
(	O
PVK	B-CHED
)	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
),	O
an	O
avian	B-SPEC
paramyxovirus	I-SPEC
known	O
to	O
elicit	O
a	O
strong	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
in	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
NDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
HeV	B-SPEC
and	O
NiV	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
PVK	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
failed	O
to	O
induce	O
these	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
genes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Arteriviruses	B-SPEC
are	O
a	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
positive	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
includes	O
the	O
prototypic	O
equine	B-SPEC
arteritis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EAV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
).	O

All	O
horses	B-SPEC
were	O
subsequently	O
challenged	O
with	O
the	O
virulent	O
KY84	O
strain	O
of	O
EAV	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
DUB	O
-	O
negative	O
virus	B-SPEC
provided	O
a	O
similar	O
degree	O
of	O
protection	O
against	O
clinical	O
disease	O
as	O
its	O
DUB	O
-	O
positive	O
parental	O
counterpart	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
in	O
the	O
Orthomyxoviridae	B-SPEC
and	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
families	O
,	O
especially	O
pandemic	O
H1N1	O
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
H5N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
A	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
all	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
and	O
underwent	O
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
from	O
January	O
1999	O
to	O
January	O
2014	O
in	O
a	O
referred	O
medical	O
center	O
.	O

Decontamination	O
was	O
done	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
density	O
water	B-CHED
and	O
glycerol	B-CHED
.	O

Early	O
complications	O
in	O
form	O
of	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
required	O
hemodialysis	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
survived	O
after	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failures	I-DISO
and	O
widespread	O
burns	O
despite	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
observed	O
that	O
outcome	O
of	O
phenol	B-CHED
burns	O
with	O
>	O
60	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
inches	O
of	O
skin	B-ANAT
affected	O
or	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
organs	B-ANAT
failure	O
involving	O
renal	B-ANAT
system	O
is	O
nearly	O
fatal	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
351	O
(	O
47	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
viral	O
infections	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
viral	I-DISO
mixed	O
detection	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
49	O
patients	O
(	O
14	O
%),	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HRV	O
)	O
being	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
viral	O
mixed	O
detection	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
AdV	O
)	O
(	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
)	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

There	O
were	O
statistical	O
significance	O
differences	O
between	O
mixed	O
and	O
single	O
detection	O
in	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
)	O
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
019	O
).	O

When	O
purified	O
histones	O
were	O
delivered	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
via	O
the	O
airways	O
,	O
intense	O
inflammatory	O
injury	O
ensued	O
and	O
type	O
II	O
cells	O
developed	O
large	O
blebs	B-DISO
indicating	O
cellular	B-COMP
damage	O
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

However	O
,	O
these	O
in	O
vitro	O
conditions	O
vary	O
quite	O
drastically	O
from	O
the	O
tissues	B-ANAT
that	O
are	O
commonly	O
infected	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Over	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
systems	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
that	O
allow	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
(	O
3D	O
)	O
tissue	B-ANAT
structures	O
that	O
have	O
properties	O
similar	O
to	O
their	O
in	O
vivo	O
3D	O
counterparts	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
along	O
with	O
evidence	O
-	O
and	O
consensus	O
-	O
based	O
recommendations	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
treatment	O
in	O
salicylate	B-CHED
poisoning	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Eighty	O
-	O
four	O
articles	O
met	B-CHED
inclusion	O
criteria	O
,	O
including	O
1	O
controlled	O
clinical	O
trial	O
,	O
3	O
animal	B-SPEC
studies	O
,	O
and	O
80	O
case	O
reports	O
or	O
case	O
series	O
,	O
yielding	O
an	O
overall	O
very	O
low	O
quality	O
of	O
evidence	O
for	O
all	O
recommendations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
severe	O
dyspnea	O
,	O
several	O
diagnostic	O
challenges	O
arise	O
in	O
distinguishing	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
versus	O
several	O
other	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
etiologies	O
like	O
bullous	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
pneumonia	O
,	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Delayed	O
social	O
separation	B-DISO
of	O
calves	O
might	O
reduce	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
risk	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
pathogenic	O
Mammalian	B-SPEC
orthoreovirus	I-SPEC
from	O
diarrheic	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
Swine	B-SPEC
blood	B-ANAT
meal	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Biological	O
characterization	O
of	O
two	O
representative	O
isolates	O
revealed	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
resistance	B-PROC
and	O
thermostability	O
at	O
90	O
°	O
C	O
.	O

Genetic	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
of	O
two	O
MRV3	O
isolates	O
revealed	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
identical	O
but	O
differed	O
significantly	O
from	O
nonpathogenic	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
orthoreoviruses	B-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Adenovirus	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
x	O
-	O
rays	B-SPEC
showed	O
progressively	O
increasing	O
infiltrations	O
and	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusions	I-DISO
in	O
both	O
lung	B-ANAT
fields	O
within	O
11	O
days	O
.	O

Adenovirus	B-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
can	O
manifest	O
with	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
morbidity	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Typical	O
for	O
these	O
diseases	O
is	O
a	O
natural	O
circulation	O
between	O
reservoir	O
animals	B-SPEC
in	O
remote	O
areas	O
.	O

Humans	B-SPEC
may	O
also	O
become	O
infected	O
with	O
viruses	B-SPEC
through	O
aerosol	O
by	O
intruding	O
into	O
bat	B-ENZY
roosting	O
caves	O
or	O
via	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
catching	B-DISO
bats	B-SPEC
or	O
been	O
bitten	O
by	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
CBH	O
response	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
against	O
Newcastle	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
disease	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
markedly	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
greater	O
in	O
chicks	O
fed	O
on	O
diets	O
supplemented	O
with	O
20	O
to	O
80	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
of	O
genistein	B-CHED
.	O

Dietary	O
inclusion	O
of	O
genistein	B-CHED
increased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
subsequently	O
reduced	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
heterophil	B-ANAT
to	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
ratio	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
complement	O
-	O
derived	O
anaphylatoxins	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
experimental	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6J	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Poorly	O
controlled	O
thoracotomy	O
pain	O
in	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
may	O
also	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
chronic	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Due	O
to	O
hypotension	O
and	O
fluid	O
losses	O
following	O
surgery	O
,	O
he	O
was	O
maintained	O
on	O
intravenous	O
sedato	O
-	O
analgesia	B-DISO
during	O
postoperative	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
usefulness	O
of	O
this	O
block	O
has	O
been	O
discussed	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
pain	O
of	O
rib	B-CHED
fractures	O
and	O
breast	B-ANAT
surgeries	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
successful	O
management	O
of	O
thoracotomy	O
pain	O
using	O
the	O
serratus	B-ANAT
anterior	I-ANAT
plane	O
block	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-SPEC
Syncytial	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
causes	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
first	O
year	O
of	O
life	O
.	O

Hospitalization	O
for	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
(	O
ICD	B-DISO
-	O
9	O
code	O
466	O
.	O
1	O
)	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
year	O
of	O
life	O
was	O
assessed	O
through	O
phone	O
interview	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
RSV	B-SPEC
season	O
(	O
November	O
-	O
March	O
)	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
completion	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
year	O
of	O
life	O
.	O

A	O
new	O
cluster	O
E	O
was	O
invariably	O
detected	O
from	O
nsp12	O
,	O
S	O
,	O
and	O
N	O
data	O
while	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
nsp12	O
and	O
N	O
genes	O
revealed	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
new	O
F	O
and	O
G	O
clusters	B-CHED
respectively	O
.	O

When	O
compared	O
with	O
conventional	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
,	O
phage	O
-	O
mediated	O
ELISA	O
was	O
more	O
sensitive	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
perform	O
better	O
than	O
semi	O
-	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
though	O
phage	O
-	O
mediated	O
ELISA	O
was	O
quicker	O
and	O
easier	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
.	O

Previously	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
shown	O
that	O
MyD88	B-PRGE
,	O
an	O
adaptor	O
protein	B-CHED
necessary	O
for	O
signaling	B-PROC
by	O
multiple	O
TLRs	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
required	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
to	O
mouse	B-SPEC
-	O
adapted	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
a	O
balanced	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
operating	O
through	O
both	O
TRIF	B-PRGE
-	O
driven	O
and	O
MyD88	B-PRGE
-	O
driven	O
pathways	B-PROC
likely	O
provides	O
the	O
most	O
effective	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
intrinsic	O
antiviral	B-CHED
defense	O
responses	O
to	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
disease	O
,	O
while	O
removal	O
of	O
either	O
branch	B-ANAT
of	I-ANAT
TLR	O
signaling	B-PROC
causes	O
lethal	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
disease	O
in	O
our	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

On	O
a	O
repeat	O
head	B-ANAT
imaging	O
,	O
vasogenic	O
edema	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
023	O
)	O
and	O
subcortical	B-ANAT
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
lesions	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SE	O
than	O
those	O
without	O
SE	O
,	O
while	O
hematoma	B-DISO
growth	B-PROC
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
infarction	B-DISO
progress	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
),	O
and	O
recurrent	O
subarachnoid	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
(	O
SAH	B-CHED
)	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SE	O
than	O
those	O
without	O
SE	O
.	O

The	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
in	O
stroke	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
SE	O
was	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
without	O
SE	O
(	O
76	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
45	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
).	O

High	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
severe	O
SIRS	B-DISO
are	O
two	O
early	O
predictors	O
of	O
stroke	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
SE	O
,	O
and	O
survival	O
rates	O
were	O
worse	O
in	O
stroke	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
SE	O
than	O
those	O
without	O
SE	O
.	O

The	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
in	O
stroke	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
SE	O
was	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
without	O
SE	O
(	O
76	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
45	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
).	O

Rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
PI	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
determined	O
throughout	O
the	O
epidemic	O
season	O
,	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
--	O
during	O
the	O
autumn	O
-	O
winter	O
period	O
,	O
RS	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
MPV	B-SPEC
--	O
during	O
winter	O
-	O
spring	O
.	O

RS	O
-	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
at	O
the	O
debut	O
of	O
CAP	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
younger	O
than	O
3	O
years	O
in	O
55	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
broncho	O
-	O
obstructive	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
fraction	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
etiologic	O
structure	O
ofARI	O
in	O
children	O
varies	O
depending	O
on	O
immune	O
layer	B-ANAT
,	O
season	O
and	O
age	O
of	O
children	O
.	O

This	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
model	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
candidate	O
vaccine	O
.	O

We	O
compared	O
two	O
age	O
-	O
and	O
sex	O
-	O
matched	O
groups	O
of	O
29	O
patients	O
,	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
respiratory	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
showed	O
significantly	O
higher	O
median	O
levels	O
of	O
TF	O
compared	O
with	O
patients	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
1425	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
1019	O
.	O
9	O
to	O
2595	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
vs	O
916	O
.	O
2	O
(	O
724	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
1618	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
943	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
786	O
.	O
4	O
to	O
992	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
admission	O
.	O

The	O
AUC	O
of	O
TF	O
for	O
predicting	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
patients	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
718	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
641	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
794	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
TFPI	O
values	O
among	O
the	O
healthy	O
control	O
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
groups	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
showed	O
significantly	O
higher	O
median	O
levels	O
of	O
TF	O
compared	O
with	O
patients	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
1425	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
1019	O
.	O
9	O
to	O
2595	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
vs	O
916	O
.	O
2	O
(	O
724	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
1618	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
compared	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
943	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
786	O
.	O
4	O
to	O
992	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
admission	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
novel	O
avian	B-SPEC
origin	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
caused	O
severe	O
diseases	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
in	O
eastern	O
China	O
since	O
the	O
spring	O
of	O
2013	O
.	O

Statins	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
attenuate	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
their	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
effects	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
most	O
severe	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
is	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
TGF	O
-	O
α	O
/	O
EGFR	B-FUNC
signaling	B-PROC
has	O
also	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
regulate	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
in	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Noninvasive	O
support	O
and	O
ventilation	O
for	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
proceedings	O
from	O
the	O
Pediatric	O
Acute	O
Lung	O
Injury	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
.	O

Electronic	O
searches	O
were	O
made	O
in	O
PubMed	O
,	O
EMBASE	O
,	O
Web	B-DISO
of	O
Science	O
,	O
Cochrane	O
Library	O
,	O
and	O
Scopus	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
following	O
specific	O
keywords	O
:	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
,	O
noninvasive	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
,	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
-	O
flow	O
nasal	O
cannula	B-SPEC
.	O

Randomized	O
and	O
nonrandomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
,	O
controlled	O
before	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
after	O
studies	O
,	O
concurrent	O
cohort	O
studies	O
,	O
interrupted	O
time	O
series	O
studies	O
,	O
historically	O
controlled	O
studies	O
,	O
cohort	O
studies	O
,	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
studies	O
,	O
and	O
uncontrolled	O
longitudinal	O
studies	O
were	O
included	O
for	O
data	O
synthesis	B-PROC
.	O

An	O
oronasal	O
interface	O
provides	O
superior	O
support	O
,	O
but	O
close	O
monitoring	O
of	O
children	O
is	O
required	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
progressive	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
potential	O
need	O
for	O
intubation	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
flow	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
promising	O
treatment	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
flow	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
compared	O
with	O
noninvasive	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

These	O
recommendations	O
are	O
intended	O
to	O
initiate	O
discussion	O
regarding	O
optimal	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
management	O
for	O
children	O
with	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
identify	O
areas	O
of	O
controversy	O
requiring	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

Recommendations	O
developed	O
and	O
the	O
supporting	O
literature	O
were	O
distributed	O
to	O
all	O
panel	O
members	O
without	O
a	O
conflict	O
of	O
interest	O
and	O
were	O
scored	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
Research	O
ANd	O
Development	B-PROC
/	O
University	O
of	O
California	B-SPEC
,	O
Los	O
Angeles	O
Appropriateness	O
method	O
.	O

Future	O
studies	O
are	O
definitely	O
warranted	O
to	O
establish	O
the	O
role	O
,	O
if	O
any	O
,	O
of	O
these	O
ancillary	O
treatment	O
modalities	O
in	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
attachment	O
pattern	O
of	O
the	O
hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
reported	O
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
confirming	O
the	O
validity	O
of	O
TMAs	O
in	O
profiling	O
the	O
initial	O
virus	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
host	B-COMP
interaction	I-PROC
.	O

Avian	B-DISO
Infectious	I-DISO
Bronchitis	I-DISO
(	O
IB	O
),	O
caused	O
by	O
Corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
OIE	O
-	O
listed	O
disease	O
and	O
characterized	O
by	O
respiratory	O
,	O
renal	B-ANAT
and	O
urogenital	B-ANAT
involvements	O
,	O
causing	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Economic	O
losses	O
are	O
encountered	O
due	O
to	O
loss	O
of	O
productive	O
performance	O
of	O
both	O
egg	B-ANAT
and	O
meat	O
-	O
type	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

Several	O
conventional	O
and	O
molecular	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
have	O
been	O
described	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
IB	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O
'	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clonidine	B-CHED
withdrawal	B-DISO
induced	O
sympathetic	O
surge	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
30	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
epilepsy	O
and	O
substance	O
misuse	O
presented	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
with	O
status	B-DISO
epilepticus	I-DISO
.	O

Phylogenetically	O
,	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
is	O
clustered	O
with	O
Ty	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
HKU4	O
/	O
Pi	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
HKU5	O
with	O
high	O
bootstrap	O
supports	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
HCoV	O
-	O
EMC	B-COMP
is	O
a	O
group	O
C	O
betaCoV	O
.	O
The	O
major	O
difference	O
between	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EMC	I-PRGE
and	O
Ty	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
HKU4	O
/	O
Pi	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
HKU5	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
between	O
S	O
and	O
E	O
,	O
where	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
EMC	I-PRGE
possesses	B-DISO
five	O
ORFs	O
(	O
NS3a	O
-	O
NS3e	O
)	O
instead	O
of	O
four	O
,	O
with	O
low	O
(	O
31	O
%-	O
62	O
%)	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identities	O
to	O
Ty	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
HKU4	O
/	O
Pi	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
HKU5	O
.	O

Pathway	B-PROC
analysis	O
grouped	O
subsets	O
of	O
these	O
factors	O
in	O
specific	O
cellular	B-COMP
processes	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
metabolism	B-PROC
of	O
complex	O
lipids	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
appear	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
screen	O
identified	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
hits	O
and	O
will	O
form	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
more	O
detailed	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
studies	O
that	O
should	O
contribute	O
to	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
in	O
general	O
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
2	O
'-	O
O	O
-	O
MTase	O
activity	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
nonstructural	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
16	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp16	O
)	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
activated	O
by	O
nsp10	O
,	O
whereas	O
nsp16	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
alone	O
possesses	B-DISO
2	O
'-	O
O	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
activity	O
(	O
E	O
.	O
Decroly	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
J	O
Virol	O
82	O
:	O
8071	O
-	O
8084	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
http	O
://	O
dx	O
.	O
doi	O
.	O
org	O
/	O
10	O
.	O
1128	O
/	O
JVI	O
.	O
00407	O
-	O
08	O
;	O
M	O
.	O
Bouvet	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
PLoS	O
Pathog	O
6	O
:	O
e1000863	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
http	O
://	O
dx	O
.	O
doi	O
.	O
org	O
/	O
10	O
.	O
1371	O
/	O
journal	O
.	O
ppat	B-ENZY
.	O
1000863	O
;	O
E	O
.	O
Decroly	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
PLoS	O
Pathog	O
7	O
:	O
e1002059	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
http	O
://	O
dx	O
.	O
doi	O
.	O
org	O
/	O
10	O
.	O
1371	O
/	O
journal	O
.	O
ppat	O
.	O
1002059	O
;	O
Y	O
.	O
Chen	B-SPEC
et	O
al	O
.,	O
PLoS	O
Pathog	O
7	O
:	O
e1002294	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
http	O
://	O
dx	O
.	O
doi	O
.	O
org	O
/	O
10	O
.	O
1371	O
/	O
journal	O
.	O
ppat	B-ENZY
.	O
1002294	O
)	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
are	O
important	O
pathogens	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
with	O
high	O
zoonotic	O
potential	O
.	O

Our	O
current	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
stimulation	O
of	O
nsp16	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
activity	O
by	O
nsp10	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
mechanism	O
for	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
and	O
nsp10	O
is	O
functionally	O
interchangeable	O
in	O
the	O
stimulation	O
of	O
nsp16	O
among	O
different	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
which	O
underlies	O
the	O
rationale	O
for	O
developing	O
inhibitory	O
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
our	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
bioinformatics	O
analysis	O
of	O
nsp12	O
,	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
confirmed	O
to	O
be	O
family	B-SPEC
specific	O
whilst	O
having	O
diverged	O
much	O
further	O
than	O
other	O
nidovirus	B-SPEC
ORF1b	O
-	O
encoded	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
including	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
pAPN	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Design	O
,	O
synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
acyclic	O
fleximer	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
analogues	I-CHED
with	O
anti	O
-	O
coronavirus	O
activity	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
first	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
a	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
in	O
June	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
in	O
Jeddah	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Clinical	O
features	O
of	O
MERS	O
range	O
from	O
asymptomatic	O
or	O
mild	O
disease	O
to	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
and	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
resulting	O
in	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
especially	O
in	O
individuals	O
with	O
underlying	O
comorbidities	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Perioperative	O
complications	O
commonly	O
include	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
ventilation	O
abnormalities	O
.	O

Ventilation	O
impairment	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
either	O
neurologic	O
compromise	O
such	O
as	O
cervical	B-ANAT
intervertebral	B-DISO
disk	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
or	O
severe	O
parenchymal	O
disease	O
,	O
while	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
failure	O
may	O
result	O
from	O
either	O
the	O
underlying	O
disease	O
or	O
severe	O
complications	O
such	O
as	O
aspiration	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
volume	B-DISO
overload	I-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
thromboembolism	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Methicillin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
(	O
MRSA	B-DISO
),	O
Moraxella	B-SPEC
catarrhalis	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
were	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
potentially	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
100	O
HCPs	O
tested	O
during	O
the	O
summer	O
,	O
37	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
bacterium	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
4	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
a	O
viral	O
agent	O
.	O

Although	O
asymptomatic	O
HCPs	O
certainly	O
harbor	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
different	O
potentially	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
,	O
future	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
colonized	O
pathogens	O
are	O
transmitted	B-DISO
or	O
initiate	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
at	O
-	O
risk	O
patient	O
populations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
decades	O
of	O
research	O
,	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
remains	O
an	O
important	O
clinical	O
challenge	O
due	O
to	O
an	O
incomplete	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathophysiological	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

Many	O
substitutions	O
,	O
insertions	O
,	O
deletions	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
frameshifts	O
and	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
DdCoV	O
,	O
as	O
compared	B-PRGE
with	I-PRGE
the	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
dominant	I-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
chickens	B-SPEC
(	O
CdCoV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ligand	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
Dimerization	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp5	B-PRGE
Protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CLpro	O
):	O
IMPLICATIONS	O
FOR	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
REGULATION	B-PROC
AND	O
THE	O
DEVELOPMENT	B-PROC
OF	O
ANTIVIRALS	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
China	O
upgrades	O
surveillance	O
and	O
control	O
measures	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
).	O

Although	O
the	O
Chinese	O
government	O
issued	O
the	O
MERS	O
Prevention	O
and	O
Control	O
Plan	B-DISO
in	O
2013	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
edition	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
June	O
5	O
,	O
2015	O
to	O
better	O
cope	O
with	O
the	O
current	O
epidemic	O
situation	O
.	O

Protein	O
histochemistry	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
tissue	B-ANAT
binding	B-FUNC
specificity	O
of	O
S1	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
turkey	B-SPEC
,	O
quail	O
,	O
and	O
guineafowl	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
was	O
limited	O
to	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
each	O
particular	O
host	B-COMP
,	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
reported	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
not	O
only	O
that	O
enteric	O
gammacoronaviruses	O
recognize	O
a	O
novel	O
glycan	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
but	O
also	O
that	O
enterotropism	O
may	O
be	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
high	O
specificity	O
of	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
for	O
such	O
glycans	B-CHED
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
intestines	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
turkey	B-SPEC
,	O
guineafowl	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
quail	O
,	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
major	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
enteric	O
diseases	O
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
outbreaks	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
,	O
Europe	O
,	O
and	O
Australia	O
for	O
several	O
decades	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
a	O
gammacoronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
guineafowl	B-SPEC
with	O
fulminating	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
a	O
variant	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
field	O
strain	O
with	O
reduced	O
virulence	O
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
gradually	O
became	O
the	O
main	O
subtype	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
FL2013	O
has	O
a	O
7	O
-	O
aa	O
deletion	O
(	O
FEKVHVQ	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminus	O
comparison	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
G2	O
PEDV	O
sequences	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
on	O
porcine	B-SPEC
monocyte	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	B-DISO
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
damage	O
to	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
results	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
and	O
dehydration	B-DISO
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

Dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
DCs	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
highly	O
effective	O
antigen	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
presenting	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
widely	O
distributed	O
beneath	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
,	O
thus	O
making	O
them	O
an	O
early	O
target	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
contact	O
.	O

Consistent	O
with	O
these	O
results	O
,	O
after	O
48	O
h	O
of	O
CV777	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
there	O
is	O
enhancement	O
in	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-ANAT
DCs	B-DISO
to	O
sample	O
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
activate	O
T	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	I-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
gastroenteritis	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
circovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
bocavirus	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
investigated	O
in	O
a	O
selection	O
of	O
archived	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
asymptomatic	O
piglets	O
from	O
a	O
commercial	O
farm	O
in	O
Ireland	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
support	O
is	O
currently	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
until	O
organ	B-ANAT
recovery	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
bridge	O
to	O
further	O
therapeutic	O
modalities	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
262	O
consecutive	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
treated	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
between	O
January	O
2007	O
and	O
May	O
2012	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anthrax	B-SPEC
lethal	B-ENZY
toxin	I-ENZY
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
treatment	O
by	O
activating	O
MK2	B-PRGE
.	O

Since	O
vascular	B-ANAT
leak	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
observed	O
consistently	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
injected	O
intravenously	O
with	O
LeTx	O
,	O
the	O
latter	O
might	O
present	O
a	O
simple	O
physiologically	O
relevant	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Therapeutic	O
Effects	O
of	O
Human	B-SPEC
Mesenchymal	B-ANAT
Stem	I-ANAT
Cell	I-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
Microvesicles	O
in	O
Severe	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
Mice	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
MSC	O
MVs	O
on	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
,	O
protein	B-CHED
permeability	O
,	O
bacterial	O
clearance	O
,	O
and	O
survival	O
after	O
severe	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
tested	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
MVs	O
derived	O
from	O
human	B-SPEC
MSCs	B-FUNC
on	O
Escherichia	B-DISO
coli	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

MVs	O
enhanced	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
phagocytosis	B-PROC
of	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
while	O
decreasing	O
inflammatory	O
cytokine	B-PROC
secretion	I-PROC
and	O
increased	O
intracellular	B-COMP
ATP	B-CHED
levels	O
in	O
injured	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
type	O
2	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Prestimulation	O
of	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
with	O
a	O
toll	O
-	O
like	O
receptor	O
3	O
agonist	B-CHED
further	O
enhanced	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
released	O
MVs	O
.	O

Among	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
CoV	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
9	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
unique	O
infection	B-DISO
episodes	O
,	O
with	O
only	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
RhV	O
/	O
EnV	B-PRGE
)	O
infection	B-DISO
being	O
more	O
common	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
CoV	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
43	O
)	O
of	O
all	O
samples	O
analyzed	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
1661	O
)	O
and	O
in	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
samples	O
testing	O
positive	O
for	O
a	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
631	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
ET	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
VCAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
on	O
human	B-SPEC
tracheal	O
smooth	B-COMP
muscle	I-COMP
cells	I-COMP
(	O
HTSMCs	O
)	O
were	O
largely	O
unknown	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
disinfectants	B-CHED
to	O
both	O
inactivate	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
sufficiently	O
damage	O
viral	O
RNA	O
beyond	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
detection	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
no	O
disinfectants	B-CHED
eliminated	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
detection	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
across	O
all	O
replicates	O
;	O
although	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
52	O
%,	O
1	O
.	O
03	O
%	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
06	O
%	O
solutions	O
of	O
sodium	O
hypochlorite	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
oxidizing	B-CHED
agent	I-CHED
did	O
intermittently	O
produce	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
negatives	O
.	O

Ultimately	O
,	O
viable	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
detected	O
following	O
application	O
of	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
tested	O
disinfectants	B-CHED
,	O
however	O
in	O
most	O
cases	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
detection	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
remained	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
of	O
321	O
patients	O
fulfilling	O
international	O
criteria	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
Spanish	O
network	O
of	O
post	O
-	O
surgical	O
and	O
critical	O
care	O
units	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
871	O
population	O
-	O
based	O
controls	O
.	O

A	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
condition	B-DISO
is	O
needed	O
to	O
improve	O
clinical	O
management	O
and	O
preventive	O
measures	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
were	O
obtained	O
and	O
analysed	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
for	O
15	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
association	O
with	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
enterovirus	B-SPEC
or	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
were	O
negatively	O
associated	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
association	O
with	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
enterovirus	B-SPEC
or	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
were	O
negatively	O
associated	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
seasonal	O
distribution	O
of	O
agent	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
childhood	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
our	O
region	O
.	O

Parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
type	I-SPEC
4	I-SPEC
,	O
human	O
metapneumovirus	O
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
were	O
investigated	O
using	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
test	O
.	O

Parainfluenza	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
were	O
found	O
most	O
frequently	O
in	O
December	O
-	O
february	O
(	O
58	O
%	O
and	O
59	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
were	O
found	O
most	O
frequently	O
in	O
November	O
-	O
december	O
(	O
72	O
%)	O
and	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
were	O
found	O
most	O
frequently	O
in	O
may	O
-	O
september	O
(	O
56	O
%).	O

Although	O
only	O
supportive	O
therapies	O
are	O
administered	O
generally	O
in	O
viral	O
infections	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
viral	I-DISO
investigations	O
are	O
important	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
determining	O
the	O
measures	O
to	O
be	O
taken	O
by	O
determining	O
the	O
causes	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
establishing	O
a	O
general	O
database	O
.	O

Multivariable	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
pre	O
-	O
ECMO	O
ventilation	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
],	O
2	O
.	O
25	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
29	O
to	O
3	O
.	O
90	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
),	O
whereas	O
the	O
concomitant	O
use	O
of	O
continuous	O
venovenous	O
hemodialysis	O
(	O
CVVHD	O
)	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
improved	O
survival	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
55	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
31	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
97	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
038	O
).	O

Increased	O
viscosity	O
and	O
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
result	O
in	O
vasoocclusion	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
two	O
β	O
-	O
CoVs	O
in	O
group	O
A	O
,	O
HKU1	O
and	O
murine	B-SPEC
CoV	O
,	O
have	O
evolved	O
to	O
use	O
different	O
regions	O
of	O
their	O
spike	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
to	O
recognize	O
their	O
respective	O
receptor	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
Protein	B-CHED
of	O
Coronaviruses	O
Acts	O
as	O
a	O
Viral	O
Suppressor	O
of	O
RNA	B-PROC
Silencing	I-PROC
in	O
Mammalian	B-SPEC
Cells	B-COMP
.	O

Respiratory	O
secretions	B-ANAT
were	O
tested	O
for	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
of	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

An	O
increase	O
in	O
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
was	O
assessed	O
for	O
4	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
illnesses	O
(	O
percent	O
of	O
illnesses	O
,	O
group	O
1	O
vs	O
group	O
2	O
)	O
were	O
characterized	O
by	O
myalgias	B-DISO
(	O
21	O
%	O
vs	O
68	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
chills	B-DISO
(	O
50	O
%	O
vs	O
52	O
%),	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
(	O
71	O
%	O
vs	O
24	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
headache	B-DISO
(	O
64	O
%	O
vs	O
72	O
%),	O
malaise	B-DISO
(	O
64	O
%	O
vs	O
84	O
%),	O
cough	B-DISO
(	O
86	O
%	O
vs	O
68	O
%),	O
sputum	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
(	O
86	O
%	O
vs	O
60	O
%),	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
(	O
64	O
%	O
vs	O
80	O
%),	O
and	O
nasal	B-DISO
congestion	I-DISO
(	O
93	O
%	O
vs	O
96	O
%).	O

To	O
assess	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
acute	O
-	O
HCA	O
or	O
IAI	O
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
RDS	O
in	O
preterm	O
newborns	O
due	O
to	O
preterm	B-DISO
labor	I-DISO
and	O
intact	O
membranes	B-ANAT
(	O
PTL	O
)	O
or	O
preterm	B-DISO
premature	I-DISO
rupture	I-DISO
of	I-DISO
membranes	I-DISO
(	O
preterm	O
-	O
PROM	O
)	O
without	O
fetal	B-DISO
growth	B-PROC
restriction	I-DISO
(	O
FGR	O
).	O

Amniotic	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
MMP	B-CHED
-	O
8	O
was	O
measured	O
in	O
196	O
patients	O
delivered	O
within	O
7	O
days	O
of	O
amniocentesis	O
.	O

Mild	O
to	O
moderate	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
minimal	O
or	O
severe	O
,	O
acute	O
-	O
HCA	O
(	O
minimal	O
,	O
24	O
%;	O
mild	O
,	O
13	O
%;	O
moderate	O
,	O
19	O
%;	O
severe	O
,	O
41	O
%;	O
preterm	O
-	O
reference	O
group	O
,	O
26	O
%)	O
or	O
IAI	O
(	O
minimal	O
,	O
24	O
%;	O
mild	O
,	O
11	O
%;	O
moderate	O
,	O
17	O
%;	O
severe	O
,	O
25	O
%;	O
preterm	O
reference	O
group	O
,	O
23	O
%)	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
RDS	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
preterm	O
reference	O
group	O
(	O
each	O
for	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
after	O
the	O
adjustment	O
of	O
gestational	O
age	O
at	O
delivery	O
,	O
antenatal	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
use	O
,	O
newborn	O
gender	O
,	O
cesarean	O
delivery	O
and	O
preterm	O
-	O
PROM	O
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
preterm	B-DISO
birth	I-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
often	O
develops	O
into	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

We	O
used	O
a	O
specific	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
PD98059	O
to	O
antagonize	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
p42	B-PRGE
/	O
p44	B-PRGE
MAPK	B-FUNC
,	O
or	O
used	O
a	O
specific	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
SN203580	O
to	O
antagonize	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
p38	B-PRGE
MAPK	B-FUNC
,	O
or	O
used	O
a	O
specific	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
SIS3	O
to	O
antagonize	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
SMAD3	B-PRGE
.	O

PDGF	B-FUNC
activated	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
and	O
p42	B-PRGE
/	O
p44	B-PRGE
MAPK	B-FUNC
,	O
but	O
not	O
SMAD3	B-PRGE
in	O
HLF	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
type	O
B	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neutralization	O
Analysis	O
of	O
a	O
Chicken	B-SPEC
Single	O
-	O
Chain	O
Variable	O
Fragment	O
Derived	O
from	O
an	O
Immune	O
Antibody	B-FUNC
Library	O
Against	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
which	O
is	O
prevalent	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
causing	O
severe	O
economic	O
loss	O
to	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
,	O
causes	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
in	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
six	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IBV	I-PRGE
chicken	B-SPEC
scFvs	I-PRGE
,	O
ZL	O
.	O
10	O
,	O
ZL	O
.	O
64	O
,	O
ZL	O
.	O
78	O
,	O
ZL	O
.	O
80	O
,	O
ZL	O
.	O
138	O
,	O
and	O
ZL	O
.	O
256	O
,	O
were	O
obtained	O
by	O
screening	O
random	O
clones	O
from	O
an	O
immune	O
antibody	B-COMP
library	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
severe	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
epizootic	O
has	O
been	O
affecting	O
pigs	B-SPEC
of	O
all	O
ages	O
that	O
are	O
characterized	O
by	O
high	O
mortality	O
among	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
in	O
China	O
since	O
late	O
2010	O
,	O
causing	O
significant	O
economic	O
losses	O
.	O

Obtaining	O
a	O
current	O
-	O
circulating	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
variant	O
isolate	O
that	O
can	O
grow	O
efficiently	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
is	O
prerequisite	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
efficient	O
vaccines	O
.	O

The	O
growth	B-PROC
curve	O
of	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
adapted	O
HN1303	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
was	O
determined	O
,	O
and	O
dynamics	O
of	O
virus	O
production	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
immunoperoxidase	O
monolayer	O
assay	O
(	O
IPMA	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risks	O
to	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
with	O
emerging	O
diseases	O
:	O
lessons	O
from	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
Ebola	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
flu	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
reports	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
transmission	O
to	O
HCPs	O
from	O
affected	O
cases	O
.	O

Among	O
them	O
,	O
seven	O
positive	O
selection	O
sites	O
were	O
chronologically	O
traced	O
in	O
the	O
temporal	O
evolution	B-PROC
routes	O
of	O
genotype	O
D	O
,	O
and	O
six	O
were	O
located	O
around	O
the	O
critical	O
sugar	B-PROC
binding	I-PROC
region	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
NTD	O
)	O
of	O
S	O
protein	O
,	O
an	O
important	O
sugar	B-PROC
binding	I-PROC
domain	O
of	O
CoV	O
.	O
These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
genetic	B-PROC
drift	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
may	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
genotype	O
persistence	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
,	O
providing	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
adaptive	O
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Plasma	B-ANAT
suPAR	O
as	O
a	O
prognostic	O
biological	B-CHED
marker	I-CHED
for	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunoprophylactic	O
effect	O
of	O
chicken	B-PRGE
egg	B-ANAT
yolk	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
IgY	O
)	O
against	O
a	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

p38	B-FUNC
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
is	O
central	O
to	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
multiple	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
implicated	O
in	O
acute	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
target	O
for	O
a	O
novel	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
cytokine	O
-	O
suppressive	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
inflammatory	I-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
.	O

Data	O
suggest	O
the	O
overcrowding	O
,	O
late	O
recognition	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
inadequate	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
contribute	O
significantly	O
to	O
the	O
transmission	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
(	O
ARIs	O
)	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
considerable	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Documentation	O
of	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
can	O
help	O
for	O
an	O
appropriate	O
clinical	O
management	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
disease	O
progress	O
in	O
patient	O
,	O
the	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
therapy	O
used	O
and	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
secondary	O
spread	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
acquired	O
by	O
coming	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
products	O
,	O
or	O
with	O
patients	O
who	O
have	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Within	O
the	O
endocytic	O
compartment	B-ANAT
,	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
undergoes	O
stepwise	O
disassembly	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
followed	O
by	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
the	O
transcriptionally	O
active	O
viral	B-ANAT
core	I-ANAT
into	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
treatment	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
methiothepin	B-CHED
mesylate	O
,	O
a	O
serotonin	B-CHED
antagonist	B-PROC
,	O
enhanced	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
reovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Imported	O
case	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
identified	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
May	O
2015	O
:	O
detection	O
and	O
lesson	O
learned	B-PROC
.	O

HRV	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
30	O
%),	O
in	O
which	O
70	O
%	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
either	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
or	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
factors	O
involved	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
well	O
defined	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
ERK	B-FUNC
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
life	O
cycle	O
and	O
beneficially	O
contributes	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
(	O
nuchal	B-DISO
rigidity	I-DISO
and	O
ataxia	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
showed	O
a	O
rapidly	O
progressive	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
course	O
(	O
71	O
%).	O

One	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
and	O
only	O
two	O
patients	O
recovered	O
completely	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
studies	O
in	O
mice	O
have	O
relied	O
on	O
markers	O
of	O
severe	O
systemic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
rather	O
than	O
clinically	O
relevant	O
measures	O
,	O
to	O
evaluate	O
respiratory	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
;	O
thus	O
confounding	O
connections	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
.	O

Immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
protection	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
vaccination	O
vector	O
were	O
assessed	O
in	O
both	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
pig	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

The	O
cytokine	O
assays	O
were	O
employed	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
Th1	O
-	O
type	O
and	O
Th2	O
-	O
type	O
cytokine	O
levels	O
raised	O
after	O
vaccination	O
with	O
rSPV	O
-	O
SA	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

When	O
screening	O
for	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
first	O
year	O
after	O
HSCT	O
in	O
the	O
844	O
patients	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
RVI	O
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
only	O
evident	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
100	O
days	O
after	O
HSCT	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
contribute	O
to	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
honey	B-SPEC
bee	I-SPEC
colony	O
losses	O
in	O
temperate	O
regions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Traditional	O
approaches	O
to	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
development	B-PROC
are	O
poorly	O
suited	O
to	O
combatting	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
novel	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
VelocImmune	O
technology	O
(	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
that	O
expresses	O
human	B-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
-	I-PRGE
variable	I-PRGE
heavy	I-PRGE
chains	I-PRGE
and	O
κ	O
light	O
chains	O
)	O
alongside	O
the	O
VelociGene	O
technology	O
(	O
which	O
allows	O
for	O
rapid	O
engineering	O
of	O
the	O
mouse	B-SPEC
genome	O
)	O
to	O
quickly	O
develop	O
and	O
evaluate	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
an	O
emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
main	O
reason	O
of	O
apneic	B-DISO
test	O
difficulties	O
was	O
severe	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
disturbances	O
secondary	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
adults	O
is	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
AChS	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
resulting	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Noninvasive	O
positive	O
-	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NPPV	O
)	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
controversial	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
retrospective	O
,	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
cohort	O
study	O
,	O
demographic	O
data	O
,	O
clinical	O
and	O
biochemical	O
parameters	O
of	O
AP	O
and	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
on	O
admission	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
use	O
of	O
NPPV	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
were	O
retrieved	O
from	O
the	O
medical	O
record	O
database	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
substantial	O
potential	O
for	O
superspreading	O
;	O
even	O
though	O
it	O
is	O
likely	O
that	O
R0	O
<	O
1	O
overall	O
,	O
our	O
analysis	O
indicates	O
that	O
cluster	O
sizes	O
of	O
over	O
150	O
cases	O
are	O
not	O
unexpected	O
forMERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Accelerated	O
virus	B-SPEC
control	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
lacking	O
the	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
inflammatory	I-PRGE
cytokine	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
was	O
associated	O
with	O
limited	O
initial	O
demyelination	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
low	O
viral	O
mRNA	B-CHED
persistence	O
similar	O
to	O
WT	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
declining	O
antiviral	B-CHED
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
discrete	O
foci	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
in	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
sufficient	O
mice	B-SPEC
correlated	O
with	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
receptor	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
exclusively	O
on	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
areas	O
of	O
demyelination	B-DISO
suggesting	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
for	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
signaling	B-PROC
to	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
limiting	O
expansion	O
of	O
initial	O
areas	O
of	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

These	O
early	O
and	O
late	O
phases	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
timing	O
in	O
relationship	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
the	O
underlying	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emergence	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
southern	O
Germany	O
.	O

Epidemic	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
affecting	O
pigs	B-SPEC
of	O
all	O
age	O
groups	O
were	O
reported	O
in	O
three	O
farms	O
,	O
one	O
fattening	O
farm	O
and	O
two	O
piglet	O
producing	O
farms	O
,	O
in	O
South	O
-	O
Western	O
Germany	O
between	O
May	O
and	O
November	O
2014	O
.	O

This	O
strain	O
with	O
insertions	O
and	O
deletions	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
so	O
called	O
INDEL	B-PROC
strains	O
)	O
was	O
reported	O
to	O
show	O
lower	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
assemble	O
by	O
budding	B-PATH
into	O
the	O
lumen	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
early	O
Golgi	B-COMP
complex	I-COMP
prior	O
to	O
exocytosis	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
small	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
(	O
E	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
plays	O
roles	O
in	O
assembly	O
,	O
virion	B-COMP
release	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
high	O
-	O
order	B-SPEC
oligomer	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
E	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
),	O
implicating	O
this	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
virion	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Mechanisms	O
of	O
viral	O
emergence	O
and	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
:	O
the	O
exemple	O
of	O
simian	O
foamy	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
in	O
Central	O
Africa	O
].	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
after	O
an	O
introduction	O
on	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
will	O
briefly	O
present	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
epidemiological	O
study	O
performed	O
in	O
groups	O
of	O
Bantus	O
and	O
Pygmies	O
living	O
in	O
villages	O
and	O
settlements	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
rain	O
forest	O
of	O
the	O
South	O
region	O
of	O
Cameroon	O
.	O

From	O
August	O
2009	O
to	O
July	O
2013	O
,	O
206	O
patients	O
with	O
Yangming	O
Fushi	O
syndrome	B-DISO
combined	O
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICUs	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
five	O
hospitals	O
:	O
Tianjin	O
Nankai	O
Hospital	O
,	O
Dongzhimen	O
Hospital	O
Affiliated	O
to	O
Beijing	O
Traditional	O
Chinese	O
Medicine	B-CHED
University	O
,	O
General	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Tianjin	O
Medical	O
University	O
,	O
the	O
First	O
Affiliated	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Dalian	O
Medical	O
University	O
,	O
and	O
Wuxi	O
Third	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
in	O
Jiangsu	O
Province	O
.	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
look	O
for	O
the	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
patients	O
.	O

were	O
all	O
obviously	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
group	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
survival	O
group	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
There	O
were	O
124	O
cases	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
SAP	O
),	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
disease	O
with	O
manifestation	O
of	O
Yangming	O
Fushi	O
syndrome	B-DISO
combined	O
with	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
60	O
.	O
19	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
patients	O
.	O

312	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
Department	O
of	O
Emergency	B-DISO
of	O
China	O
Medical	O
University	O
Affiliated	O
First	O
Hospital	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
according	O
to	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
defined	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
Berlin	O
new	O
definition	O
.	O

Univariate	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
age	O
(	O
t	O
=-	O
2	O
.	O
134	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
035	O
),	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
t	O
=-	O
4	O
.	O
245	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
arterial	B-ANAT
lactate	B-CHED
(	O
Lac	B-PRGE
,	O
t	O
=	O
6	O
.	O
245	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
drugs	O
for	O
vascular	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
χ2	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
261	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
026	O
),	O
shock	O
(	O
χ2	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
386	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
021	O
),	O
MEDS	B-DISO
(	O
t	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
021	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
045	O
),	O
LIPS	B-ANAT
(	O
t	O
=	O
5	O
.	O
569	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
lung	B-ANAT
infections	B-DISO
(	O
χ2	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
289	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
025	O
),	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
χ2	O
=	O
6	O
.	O
245	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
were	O
related	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Bedside	O
LUS	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
simple	O
and	O
easily	O
available	O
,	O
could	O
evaluate	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
ventilation	I-PROC
area	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
its	O
degree	O
of	O
severity	O
,	O
and	O
prognosis	O
including	O
prediction	O
of	O
mortality	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
Co	O
-	O
V	O
)	O
contains	O
a	O
single	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
a	O
receptor	O
molecule	O
,	O
dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
;	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
CD26	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
neutralizing	O
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
also	O
examined	O
associations	O
between	O
new	O
-	O
onset	O
AF	O
and	O
markers	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
(	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
),	O
myocardial	O
injury	O
(	O
troponin	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
),	O
autonomic	B-ANAT
activation	O
(	O
epinephrine	B-CHED
),	O
and	O
atrial	B-ANAT
stretch	O
(	O
central	O
venous	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
.	O

We	O
did	O
not	O
identify	O
associations	O
between	O
new	O
-	O
onset	O
AF	O
and	O
baseline	O
central	O
venous	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
troponin	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
,	O
epinephrine	B-CHED
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
,	O
or	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
result	O
suggested	O
that	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
P110	O
strain	O
,	O
the	O
P3	O
strain	O
induced	O
a	O
more	O
pronounced	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
that	O
recombinant	O
AvBDs	O
(	O
including	O
2	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
and	O
12	O
)	O
demonstrated	O
obvious	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
activity	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
proposal	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
induces	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
messenger	B-CHED
RNA	I-CHED
(	O
mRNA	B-CHED
)	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
some	O
AvBDs	O
and	O
TLRs	O
,	O
which	O
suggests	O
that	O
AvBDs	O
may	O
play	O
significant	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
resistance	B-PROC
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

Since	O
the	O
first	O
identification	O
of	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
2012	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
infected	O
1289	O
humans	B-SPEC
with	O
approximately	O
40	O
%	O
mortalities	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
though	O
was	O
observed	O
on	O
several	O
occasions	O
in	O
past	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
documented	O
as	O
non	O
-	O
sustainable	O
event	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
novel	O
,	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N6	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
:	O
Virological	O
and	O
clinical	O
findings	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
,	O
who	O
presented	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
leucopenia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
developed	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
died	B-PROC
on	O
day	O
10	O
after	O
illness	O
onset	O
.	O

A	O
novel	O
reassortant	O
avian	B-SPEC
-	O
origin	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N6	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
or	O
trachea	B-DISO
aspirate	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
patient	O
.	O

The	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
of	O
the	O
HA	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
contained	O
multiple	O
basic	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
novel	O
H5N6	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
possibility	O
of	O
NPE	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
relatively	O
young	O
patients	O
with	O
higher	O
glucose	B-CHED
and	O
lower	O
blood	B-ANAT
pH	O
value	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Although	O
the	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
was	O
similar	O
between	O
these	O
two	O
groups	O
,	O
the	O
median	O
pH	O
and	O
the	O
bicarbonate	B-CHED
ion	I-CHED
(	O
HCO	O
(	O
3	O
)(-))	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
the	O
NPE	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
NPE	O
group	O
(	O
pH	O
:	O
7	O
.	O
32	O
vs	O
.	O
7	O
.	O
39	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
;	O
HCO	O
(	O
3	O
)(-),	O
20	O
.	O
6	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
vs	O
.	O
22	O
.	O
7	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Moreover	O
,	O
alanine	B-CHED
replacement	O
of	O
charged	O
amino	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	I-CHED
of	O
the	O
SUD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
are	O
likely	O
involved	O
in	O
G	O
-	O
quadruplex	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
,	O
caused	O
abrogation	O
of	O
RTC	O
activity	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
a	O
previously	O
developed	O
methodology	O
to	O
determine	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
burden	O
in	O
South	O
Africa	O
.	O

We	O
applied	O
rates	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
hospitalized	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
SARI	O
to	O
census	O
data	O
to	O
calculate	O
the	O
national	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

In	O
2010	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
an	O
estimated	O
21	O
,	O
555	O
total	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
cases	O
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
uninfected	O
individuals	O
and	O
13	O
,	O
876	O
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
individuals	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
pneumonia	I-DISO
as	O
the	O
first	O
manifestation	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
combined	I-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
combined	I-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
pediatric	O
emergency	B-DISO
condition	B-DISO
and	O
given	O
the	O
significant	O
impact	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
CMV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
SCID	B-DISO
children	O
,	O
establishing	O
an	O
accurate	O
etiological	O
diagnosis	O
is	O
of	O
essential	O
importance	O
in	O
instituting	O
the	O
specific	O
treatment	O
and	O
improving	O
the	O
outcome	O
.	O

Polymorphisms	B-PROC
at	O
OAS1	B-PRGE
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
correlate	O
with	O
differential	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
several	O
infections	B-DISO
of	O
great	O
public	O
health	O
significance	O
,	O
including	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
51	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
from	O
32	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
in	O
Vero	O
B4	O
and	O
Caco	O
-	O
2	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
found	O
Caco	O
-	O
2	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
significantly	O
enhance	O
isolation	O
success	O
over	O
routinely	O
used	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
alters	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
microRNA	O
species	O
that	O
affect	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
gene	O
7	O
.	O

TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
has	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
and	O
leads	O
to	O
alterations	O
of	O
many	O
cellular	B-COMP
processes	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
miR	O
-	O
4331	O
that	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
can	O
suppress	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
via	O
targeting	B-PROC
cellular	B-COMP
CDCA7	B-PRGE
.	O

Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
with	O
non	O
-	O
lethal	O
effects	O
in	O
piglets	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
Tottori	O
prefecture	O
in	O
October	O
2014	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
Virus	O
Counter	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
simple	O
and	O
reliable	O
method	O
to	O
quantify	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Sedation	B-DISO
was	O
performed	O
only	O
intermittently	O
in	O
72	O
(	O
60	O
%)	O
patients	O
,	O
was	O
switched	O
to	O
continuously	O
in	O
37	O
(	O
31	O
%)	O
and	O
was	O
applied	O
only	O
continuously	O
in	O
11	O
(	O
9	O
%).	O

In	O
non	O
-	O
DNI	O
patients	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
39	O
),	O
no	O
patient	O
required	O
intubation	O
due	O
to	O
agitation	B-DISO
with	O
continuous	O
sedation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
in	O
DNI	O
patients	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
81	O
),	O
96	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
could	O
continue	O
NIV	O
treatment	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
RASS	O
scores	O
,	O
sedation	B-DISO
during	O
NIV	O
in	O
proficient	O
hospitals	O
may	O
be	O
favorably	O
used	O
to	O
potentially	O
avoid	O
NIV	O
failure	O
in	O
agitated	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
even	O
in	O
those	O
having	O
diseases	O
with	O
poor	O
evidence	O
of	O
the	O
usefulness	O
of	O
NIV	O
.	O

Serious	O
maternal	O
complications	O
were	O
defined	O
as	O
:	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
(	O
blood	B-ANAT
loss	I-DISO
≥	O
1500	O
mL	O
,	O
blood	O
transfusion	O
,	O
or	O
hysterectomy	O
for	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
),	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
endometritis	B-DISO
,	O
wound	B-DISO
dehiscence	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
wound	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
requiring	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
reopening	O
,	O
or	O
unexpected	O
procedure	O
),	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
admission	O
,	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
risk	O
of	O
maternal	O
complications	O
after	O
early	O
preterm	B-DISO
delivery	I-DISO
is	O
substantial	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
women	O
who	O
undergo	O
cesarean	O
delivery	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
complication	B-DISO
rates	O
between	O
CCD	B-DISO
and	O
LTCD	O
(	O
aRR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
37	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
95	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
97	O
)	O
or	O
between	O
CCD	B-DISO
and	O
LVCD	O
(	O
aRR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
56	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
48	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
07	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
risk	O
of	O
maternal	O
complications	O
after	O
early	O
preterm	B-DISO
delivery	I-DISO
is	O
substantial	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
women	O
who	O
undergo	O
cesarean	O
delivery	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Only	O
a	O
few	O
pneumotropic	O
types	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
type	O
B14p1	O
)	O
cause	O
severe	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
like	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
even	O
in	O
immunocompetent	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
efficient	O
""""	O
apical	O
to	O
apical	O
""""	O
replication	O
cycle	O
of	O
HAdV	O
-	O
B14p1	O
can	O
promote	O
endobronchial	O
dissemination	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
upper	O
to	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

Recent	O
developments	O
include	O
experimental	O
and	O
clinical	O
evidence	O
that	O
a	O
stepwise	O
extended	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
may	O
cause	O
an	O
improvement	O
in	O
aerated	O
lung	B-PROC
volume	I-PROC
and	O
decrease	O
the	O
biological	O
impact	O
seen	O
with	O
the	O
traditionally	O
used	O
sustained	O
inflation	O
,	O
with	O
less	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
applicating	O
2	O
-	O
4	O
hours	O
validity	O
of	O
prone	O
position	O
ventilation	O
significantly	O
improves	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
ventilation	I-PROC
,	O
more	O
than	O
4	O
h	O
PPV	B-CHED
do	O
not	O
better	O
for	O
patients	O
probably	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
aeration	O
score	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
at	O
T1	O
,	O
T2	O
,	O
T3	O
,	O
T4	O
was	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
than	O
T0	O
all	O
,	O
the	O
ventilation	O
situation	O
of	O
mainly	O
areas	O
was	O
improved	O
after	O
2	O
h	O
PPV	B-CHED
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
4	O
h	O
later	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
distinguished	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
PaO	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
PaO	B-PROC
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)/	I-PRGE
FiO	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
was	O
greater	O
at	O
T1	O
,	O
T2	O
,	O
T3	O
,	O
T4	O
than	O
T0	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
the	O
oxygen	B-CHED
fraction	O
was	O
significant	O
increased	O
at	O
T2	O
than	O
T1	O
(	O
t	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
840	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
oxygen	B-CHED
fractions	O
>	O
300	O
mmHg	O
after	O
5	O
days	O
PPV	B-CHED
was	O
65	O
(	O
83	O
.	O
3	O
%);	O
there	O
were	O
30	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
patients	O
free	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
after	O
7	O
days	O
;	O
the	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
was	O
7	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
97	O
%).	O

And	O
the	O
values	O
of	O
EVLWI	O
and	O
PVPI	O
of	O
three	O
groups	O
from	O
Day	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
were	O
monitored	O
by	O
pulse	B-PROC
indicator	B-CHED
continuous	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
(	O
PiCCO	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
efficacy	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
ulinastatin	B-PRGE
plus	O
octreotide	B-CHED
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
].	O

And	O
the	O
incidences	O
of	O
such	O
complications	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
shock	O
of	O
observation	O
group	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
13	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
36	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
21	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Several	O
demographic	O
and	O
laboratory	O
parameters	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
composite	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
scoring	O
systems	O
are	O
reliable	O
early	O
predictors	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
showed	O
the	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
at	O
least	O
five	O
different	O
virus	B-SPEC
strains	O
at	O
these	O
premises	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
this	O
location	O
is	O
a	O
driver	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
circulation	B-PROC
and	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
area	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
exposure	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
two	O
strains	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
that	O
crossed	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
to	O
infect	O
and	O
cause	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
within	O
the	O
last	O
12	O
years	O
,	O
have	O
taught	O
us	O
that	O
coronaviruses	O
represent	O
a	O
global	O
threat	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
recognize	O
international	O
borders	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
factors	O
to	O
consider	O
in	O
establishing	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
of	O
novel	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
compare	O
the	O
different	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
employed	O
to	O
study	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

The	O
objectives	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
to	O
review	O
signalment	O
,	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
laboratory	O
features	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
naturally	O
occurring	O
cases	O
of	O
feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
potential	O
changes	O
in	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
for	O
FIP	B-DISO
and	O
compare	O
findings	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
and	O
without	O
effusion	B-DISO
.	O

Male	O
sex	O
and	O
young	O
age	O
were	O
significantly	O
correlated	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
breed	B-PROC
predisposition	O
was	O
observed	O
and	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
presented	O
were	O
domestic	O
shorthair	O
and	O
mixed	O
breed	B-PROC
.	O

Band	B-ANAT
neutrophilia	O
was	O
documented	O
in	O
44	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
81	O
/	O
183	O
),	O
of	O
which	O
35	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
mature	O
neutrophilia	O
.	O

Lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
observed	O
significantly	O
more	O
often	O
with	O
effusion	B-DISO
,	O
was	O
documented	O
in	O
only	O
26	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
without	O
effusion	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
low	O
prevalence	O
of	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
without	O
effusion	B-DISO
suggests	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
useful	O
parameter	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
effusive	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

Globulins	O
and	O
A	O
:	O
G	O
ratio	O
were	O
of	O
higher	O
diagnostic	O
value	O
than	O
hyperproteinaemia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapid	O
and	O
sensitive	O
detection	O
of	O
Feline	B-SPEC
immunodeficiency	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
using	O
an	O
insulated	O
isothermal	O
PCR	O
-	O
based	O
assay	O
with	O
a	O
point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
need	O
PCR	O
detection	O
platform	O
.	O

The	O
established	O
reaction	O
did	O
not	O
amplify	O
any	O
nontargeted	O
feline	B-SPEC
pathogens	O
,	O
including	O
Felid	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Feline	B-SPEC
calicivirus	I-SPEC
,	O
Feline	B-SPEC
leukemia	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
haemofelis	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Chlamydophila	B-SPEC
felis	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sixty	O
-	O
seven	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
patient	O
,	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
myeloma	I-DISO
who	O
had	O
received	O
autologous	O
stem	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
,	O
following	O
bortezomib	B-CHED
,	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
and	O
thalidomide	B-CHED
conventional	O
regimen	O
,	O
achieving	O
complete	O
response	O
,	O
developed	O
rash	B-DISO
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
80	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
transplantation	O
procedure	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
40	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
SLE	B-DISO
female	O
with	O
fulminant	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
after	O
remission	B-DISO
of	O
nephritis	B-DISO
treated	O
with	O
rituximab	O
,	O
who	O
developed	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
mucormycosis	I-DISO
that	O
led	O
to	O
her	O
rapid	O
death	B-PROC
from	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Targeting	B-PROC
zoonotic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
based	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
3C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
from	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	I-SPEC
HKU4	I-SPEC
--	O
The	O
likely	O
reservoir	O
host	O
to	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
).	O

Sequence	O
alignment	O
of	O
HKU4	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
and	O
two	O
other	O
lineage	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
Betacoronaviruses	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)'	I-PRGE
s	I-PRGE
,	O
HKU5	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
show	O
that	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
residues	O
of	O
HKU4	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
that	O
participate	O
in	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
binding	B-FUNC
are	O
conserved	O
in	O
HKU5	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
).	O

Recently	O
,	O
the	O
NIH	O
NHLBI	O
Panel	O
redefined	O
sepsis	B-DISO
as	O
'	O
severe	O
endothelial	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
response	O
to	O
intravascular	O
and	O
extravascular	O
infections	B-DISO
causing	O
reversible	O
or	O
irreversible	O
injury	O
to	O
the	O
microcirculation	B-PROC
responsible	O
for	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
'.	O

Microvascular	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
injury	O
underlies	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
hypotension	I-DISO
,	O
edema	B-DISO
,	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
investigation	O
of	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genome	O
of	O
a	O
Q1	O
-	O
like	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
isolated	O
in	O
Italy	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
1996	O
a	O
new	O
Infectious	O
Bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
genotype	O
,	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
Q1	O
,	O
circulated	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
was	O
reported	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
Italy	O
in	O
2011	O
,	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
mortality	O
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
lesions	O
and	O
proventriculitis	O
.	O

During	O
northern	O
Italian	O
outbreak	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
broiler	O
flock	O
in	O
2013	O
,	O
an	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
was	O
detected	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
characterized	O
as	O
Q1	O
-	O
like	O
based	O
on	O
partial	O
S1	O
sequence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
effect	O
of	O
risk	O
-	O
taking	O
behaviour	B-PROC
in	O
epidemic	O
models	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
the	O
current	O
state	O
of	O
knowledge	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
reservoir	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
develop	O
a	O
mild	O
upper	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infection	O
with	O
abundant	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
.	O

Transgenic	O
hDPP4	O
mice	B-SPEC
develop	O
severe	O
and	O
lethal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
upon	O
inoculation	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
These	O
hDPP4	O
transgenic	B-SPEC
mice	I-SPEC
are	O
potentially	O
the	O
ideal	O
first	O
line	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
for	O
efficacy	O
testing	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
and	O
prophylactic	O
countermeasures	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
Tile	O
classification	O
of	O
pelvic	B-ANAT
fractures	O
,	O
16	O
cases	O
were	O
type	O
B	O
and	O
12	O
cases	O
were	O
type	O
C	O
.	O
Injury	O
severity	O
score	O
(	O
ISS	B-DISO
)	O
averaged	O
32	O
.	O
0	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
4	O
.	O

And	O
limbs	B-ANAT
fracture	O
was	O
temporary	O
dealing	O
with	O
bone	B-ANAT
traction	O
or	O
plaster	O
external	O
fixation	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O

Damage	O
control	O
resuscitation	O
(	O
DCR	O
)	O
integrates	O
the	O
main	O
links	O
such	O
as	O
damage	O
control	O
operation	O
and	O
allowable	O
low	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
or	O
limited	O
liquid	O
resuscitation	O
)	O
and	O
hemostatic	B-PROC
control	O
resuscitation	O
,	O
was	O
early	O
effective	O
treatment	O
measures	O
for	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
multiple	O
trauma	O
in	O
the	O
pelvic	B-ANAT
fractures	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Five	O
cases	O
were	O
died	B-PROC
after	O
4	O
to	O
15	O
hours	O
into	O
hospital	O
(	O
3	O
cases	O
died	B-PROC
for	O
severe	O
trauma	O
-	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
2	O
cases	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
).	O

The	O
success	O
rat	B-SPEC
of	O
recovery	O
was	O
82	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
23	O
/	O
28	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Occupational	O
Exposure	O
to	O
Dromedaries	B-SPEC
and	O
Risk	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Infection	B-DISO
,	O
Qatar	O
,	O
2013	O
-	O
2014	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
determined	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	O
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
persons	O
in	O
Qatar	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
contact	O
.	O

Findings	O
also	O
showed	O
evidence	O
for	O
substantial	O
underestimation	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
populations	O
at	O
risk	O
in	O
Qatar	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Treatment	O
With	O
Lopinavir	O
/	O
Ritonavir	B-CHED
or	O
Interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β1b	I-PRGE
Improves	O
Outcome	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
Nonhuman	O
Primate	O
Model	O
of	O
Common	B-SPEC
Marmoset	I-SPEC
.	O

Respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
,	O
blood	B-PROC
gases	I-PROC
,	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
whole	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
CT	O
were	O
recorded	O
at	O
the	O
two	O
PEEP	B-CHED
levels	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
between	O
collapsed	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
volume	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
07	O
)	O
and	O
hyperinflation	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
volume	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
76	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

Stress	O
index	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
titrate	O
PEEP	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
in	O
a	O
surfactant	B-CHED
-	O
depleted	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
model	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
relevance	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
in	O
disrupting	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
function	O
,	O
we	O
stimulated	O
human	B-SPEC
THP	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
with	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
used	O
the	O
resulting	O
cytokine	O
-	O
supplemented	O
media	B-ANAT
to	O
disrupt	O
normal	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
functions	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
highlight	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
by	O
infected	O
BMECs	O
in	O
preserving	O
BBB	B-CHED
function	O
and	O
preventing	O
access	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
borne	O
infectious	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
.	O

BBB	B-CHED
invasion	B-DISO
by	O
CoVs	O
correlates	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
disruption	O
of	O
tight	B-COMP
junctions	I-COMP
on	O
BMECs	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
BBB	B-CHED
dysfunction	O
and	O
enhanced	O
permeability	O
.	O

Using	O
immunohistochemistry	O
to	O
examine	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
it	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
overall	O
patterns	O
of	O
CD8	O
(+)	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
dominant	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
two	O
vaccinated	O
groups	O
.	O

All	O
groups	O
were	O
challenged	O
oculonasally	O
with	O
a	O
virulent	O
Q1	O
strain	O
at	O
28	O
doa	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
their	O
protection	O
was	O
assessed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
>	O
35	O
%.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
further	O
investigated	O
the	O
interplay	O
between	O
human	B-SPEC
primary	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
disease	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Necrotizing	O
tracheobronchitis	O
due	O
to	O
Aspergillus	B-PRGE
spp	B-ENZY
is	O
a	O
rare	O
form	O
of	O
invasive	B-DISO
aspergillosis	I-DISO
.	O

SARs	B-DISO
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
quinoxalin	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
1H	O
)-	O
one	O
containing	O
a	O
4	O
-	O
aryl	O
-	O
substituted	O
thiazol	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
amine	B-CHED
moiety	O
was	O
optimal	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

Introducing	O
a	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
-	O
bond	O
acceptor	B-CHED
(	O
such	O
as	O
ester	B-CHED
or	O
amide	B-CHED
group	I-CHED
)	O
at	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
3	O
position	O
of	O
quinoxalin	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
1H	O
)-	O
one	O
was	O
beneficial	O
for	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
potency	O
,	O
and	O
especially	O
,	O
N	O
,	O
N	O
-	O
disubstituted	O
amide	O
was	O
far	O
superior	O
to	O
N	O
-	O
monosubstituted	O
amide	B-CHED
.	O

Incorporation	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
halogen	B-CHED
(	O
fluorine	B-CHED
or	O
chlorine	B-CHED
atom	I-CHED
)	O
or	O
a	O
strong	O
electron	O
-	O
withdrawing	O
group	O
on	O
the	O
benzene	B-CHED
ring	I-CHED
of	O
the	O
thiazole	B-CHED
-	O
phenyl	B-CHED
moiety	O
might	O
reduce	O
electron	O
atmosphere	O
density	O
further	O
and	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
dramatical	O
loss	O
of	O
activity	O
.	O

These	O
coronaviruses	O
contain	O
a	O
surface	O
-	O
located	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
that	O
initiates	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
mediating	O
receptor	O
-	O
recognition	O
and	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
and	O
is	O
therefore	O
a	O
key	O
factor	O
in	O
host	B-COMP
specificity	O
.	O

Shorter	O
target	O
,	O
better	O
stability	O
and	O
higher	O
sensitivity	O
mean	O
such	O
an	O
assay	O
would	O
be	O
valid	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
identification	O
even	O
in	O
degraded	O
specimens	O
.	O

The	O
evaluation	O
confirmed	O
that	O
RT	O
-	O
PCRs	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
ORF1b	O
are	O
less	O
sensitive	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
not	O
advised	O
for	O
primary	O
diagnostics	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
the	O
wide	O
application	O
of	O
this	O
technology	O
that	O
makes	O
breakthrough	O
in	O
SDB	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
given	O
rise	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
interdisciplinary	O
area	O
sleep	B-PROC
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
):	O
A	O
cluster	O
analysis	O
with	O
implications	O
for	O
global	O
management	O
of	O
suspected	O
cases	O
.	O

Fourteen	O
cases	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
linked	O
to	O
one	O
cluster	O
involving	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
),	O
family	B-SPEC
and	O
patient	O
contacts	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Assessing	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
observing	O
multiple	O
generations	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
cases	O
given	O
an	O
imported	O
case	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quantitative	O
Proteomics	O
Identifies	O
Serum	B-PRGE
Response	I-PRGE
Factor	I-PRGE
Binding	B-FUNC
Protein	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
Host	B-COMP
Factor	O
for	O
Hepatitis	O
C	O
Virus	O
Entry	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
quantitative	O
proteomics	O
protocol	O
to	O
identify	O
HCV	B-SPEC
-	O
triggered	O
CD81	B-PRGE
interactions	O
and	O
found	O
26	O
dynamic	O
binding	B-FUNC
partners	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
quantitative	O
proteomics	O
to	O
elucidate	O
pathogen	O
entry	O
and	O
underscore	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
host	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
during	O
HCV	B-SPEC
invasion	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
gut	B-ANAT
microbiota	B-SPEC
may	O
play	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
gut	B-ANAT
health	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

Most	O
commensal	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
Psychrobacter	B-SPEC
,	O
Prevotella	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Faecalibacterium	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
the	O
healthy	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
were	O
decreased	O
due	O
to	O
dysbiosis	O
induced	O
by	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Prone	O
position	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
recruit	O
collapsed	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
during	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
improving	O
lung	B-ANAT
elastance	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
gas	B-ENZY
content	O
.	O

Ten	O
healthy	O
pigs	B-SPEC
under	O
general	O
anaesthesia	B-DISO
and	O
paralysis	O
underwent	O
a	O
pressure	O
-	O
volume	O
curve	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
in	O
supine	O
and	O
prone	O
positions	O
;	O
the	O
respective	O
elastances	O
were	O
measured	O
.	O

In	O
healthy	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
prone	O
position	O
ameliorates	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanical	O
properties	O
and	O
increases	O
functional	B-PROC
residual	I-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
independently	O
from	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
,	O
through	O
a	O
redistribution	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
aeration	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
May	O
2015	O
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
reported	O
its	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
68	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
travel	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
secondary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
transmission	O
dynamics	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
crucial	O
.	O

Healthcare	O
switching	O
has	O
probably	O
accounted	O
for	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
multiple	O
generations	O
of	O
secondary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
fact	O
that	O
it	O
took	O
only	O
4	O
mo	O
from	O
the	O
initial	O
screening	O
of	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
derived	O
from	O
a	O
convalescent	O
patient	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
stable	O
chinese	B-SPEC
hamster	I-SPEC
ovary	B-ANAT
(	O
CHO	B-FUNC
)	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
producing	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
at	O
more	O
than	O
5	O
g	O
/	O
L	O
provides	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
rapid	O
pathway	B-PROC
toward	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapies	O
against	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Dose	O
reduction	O
is	O
recommended	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
or	O
worse	O
renal	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
.	O

Efforts	O
focused	O
solely	O
on	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
Spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
may	O
not	O
optimize	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
NAb	O
)	O
responses	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
have	O
higher	O
mortality	O
.	O

At	O
6	O
h	O
after	O
saline	O
or	O
LPS	B-DISO
,	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
sacrificed	O
,	O
and	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
obtained	O
for	O
analyzing	O
superoxide	B-CHED
production	O
,	O
water	B-CHED
accumulation	O
,	O
histologic	O
assessment	O
,	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
expressions	O
of	O
Wnt3a	B-PRGE
and	O
Wnt5a	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
lung	B-ANAT
from	O
rats	B-SPEC
with	O
endotoxic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
exhibited	O
significant	O
decreases	O
in	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
Wnt3a	B-PRGE
,	O
Fzd1	B-PRGE
,	O
Dsh1	B-DISO
,	O
phosphorylated	O
GSK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3β	I-PRGE
at	O
Ser9	O
,	O
and	O
β	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
catenin	I-PRGE
.	O

While	O
the	O
CCoV	O
-	O
II	O
genome	O
has	O
been	O
completely	O
sequenced	O
,	O
to	O
date	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
complete	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
data	O
available	O
publicly	O
for	O
CCoV	O
-	O
I	O
.	O
Thus	O
,	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genome	O
of	O
a	O
CCoV	O
-	O
I	O
prototype	O
strain	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
recovered	O
from	O
a	O
dog	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
Italy	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
two	O
distinct	O
features	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
CCoV	O
-	O
I	O
genome	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
an	O
additional	O
ORF	O
between	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
gene	O
and	O
ORF3a	O
;	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
the	O
diversity	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
is	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
type	O
I	O
and	O
presents	O
a	O
furin	B-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
.	O

Genetic	O
studies	O
on	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
ORF1ab	O
encodes	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyproteins	I-PRGE
and	O
play	O
a	O
foremost	O
role	O
in	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
,	O
four	O
effective	O
miRNA	O
and	O
five	O
siRNA	O
molecules	O
for	O
silencing	O
of	O
nine	O
different	O
strains	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
rationally	O
designed	O
and	O
corroborated	O
using	O
computational	O
methods	O
,	O
which	O
might	O
lead	O
to	O
knockdown	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Polyvalent	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
is	O
common	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Even	O
when	O
Mass	O
and	O
Ark	O
vaccines	O
were	O
inoculated	O
into	O
separate	O
eyes	B-ANAT
,	O
Mass	O
vaccine	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
able	O
to	O
outcompete	O
Ark	O
vaccine	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
Ark	B-PRGE
vaccine	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
was	O
not	O
detectable	O
until	O
10	O
DPV	O
in	O
most	O
tear	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
both	O
Ark	O
and	O
Mass	O
vaccines	O
at	O
varying	O
Ark	B-PRGE
vaccine	O
doses	O
,	O
while	O
high	O
concentrations	O
of	O
Mass	O
virus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
were	O
detectable	O
at	O
3	O
-	O
7	O
DPV	O
.	O

The	O
different	O
replication	O
dynamics	O
of	O
Ark	O
and	O
Mass	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
combined	O
vaccines	O
did	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
reduced	O
protection	O
against	O
Ark	B-PRGE
challenge	O
at	O
21	O
DPV	O
.	O

The	O
source	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
focused	O
on	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
but	O
the	O
exact	O
mode	O
of	O
disease	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
continues	O
to	O
be	O
debated	O
.	O

Translated	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
alterations	O
were	O
minimal	O
but	O
still	O
may	O
have	O
played	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
persistence	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
despite	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
live	O
793B	O
vaccines	O
.	O

MEDLINE	O
,	O
EMBASE	O
,	O
and	O
PubMed	O
Central	O
(	O
1972	O
to	O
June	O
1	O
,	O
2015	O
)	O
were	O
queried	O
with	O
the	O
following	O
search	O
term	O
combinations	O
:	O
""""	O
Oral	B-ANAT
""""	O
AND	O
""""	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
""""	O
AND	O
"("""	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
""""	O
OR	O
""""	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
""""	O
OR	O
""""	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
""""	O
OR	O
""""	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
""""	O
OR	O
""""	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
""""	O
OR	O
""""	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
""""	O
OR	O
""""	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
""")."	O

All	O
studies	O
except	O
for	O
2	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
studies	O
were	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
(	O
9	O
malignancy	B-DISO
/	O
stem	O
cell	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
,	O
4	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
).	O

Some	O
serological	O
assays	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
previously	O
described	O
,	O
but	O
few	O
were	O
readily	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
Several	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
laboratories	O
quickly	O
developed	O
indirect	O
fluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
IFA	O
)	O
assays	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
,	O
indicating	O
prior	O
exposure	O
.	O

A	O
recombinant	O
North	O
American	O
nucleoprotein	O
(	O
NP	O
)	O
based	O
iELISA	O
was	O
developed	O
and	O
validated	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
bELISA	O
using	O
newly	O
developed	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
NP	O
specific	O
biotinylated	O
monoclonal	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
(	O
mAbs	O
)	O
and	O
an	O
FMIA	O
using	O
magnetic	O
beads	O
coupled	O
with	O
expressed	B-PROC
NA	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
NP	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Well	O
-	O
validated	O
iELISA	O
,	O
bELISA	O
and	O
FMIA	O
assays	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
developed	O
and	O
showed	O
good	O
correlation	O
with	O
IFA	O
and	O
each	O
other	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
pediatric	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
complex	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
expected	O
that	O
many	O
genes	O
might	O
contribute	O
.	O

Operative	O
techniques	O
in	O
liver	B-ANAT
trauma	O
are	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
challenging	O
.	O

They	O
include	O
the	O
broad	O
and	O
complex	O
area	O
,	O
from	O
damage	O
control	O
to	O
liver	B-ANAT
resection	O
.	O

Non	O
-	O
survivors	O
have	O
significant	O
hypotension	O
on	O
arrival	O
and	O
lower	O
Glasgow	O
Coma	B-DISO
Scale	O
(	O
GCS	O
)	O
on	O
admission	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

There	O
was	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
RBC	B-ANAT
)	O
transfusion	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
24	O
h	O
between	O
survivors	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Assessment	O
of	O
the	O
awareness	O
level	O
of	O
dental	O
students	O
toward	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	B-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
regions	O
reveals	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
genotype	O
in	O
Moroccan	O
broiler	O
chicken	O
flocks	O
.	O

Only	O
a	O
few	O
amino	O
-	O
acid	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
IBVS	O
proteins	B-CHED
may	O
result	O
in	O
mutants	O
unaffected	O
by	O
current	O
vaccines	O
.	O

An	O
immunoadhesin	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
in	O
an	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
crystals	B-ANAT
were	O
monoclinic	O
and	O
belonged	O
to	O
space	O
group	O
P21	O
,	O
with	O
unit	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
parameters	O
a	O
=	O
35	O
.	O
60	O
,	O
b	O
=	O
109	O
.	O
64	O
,	O
c	O
=	O
91	O
.	O
99	O
Å	O
,	O
β	O
=	O
101	O
.	O
22	O
°.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
China	O
successfully	O
achieved	O
universal	O
health	O
insurance	O
coverage	O
in	O
2011	O
,	O
representing	O
the	O
largest	O
expansion	O
of	O
insurance	O
coverage	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
history	O
.	O

We	O
developed	O
and	O
validated	O
an	O
indirect	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
recombinant	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

He	O
had	O
no	O
chills	B-DISO
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
expectoration	B-ANAT
,	O
short	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
,	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
frequent	O
micturition	B-PROC
,	O
or	O
urgency	O
or	O
pain	O
of	O
urination	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
no	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
.	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
Auxiliary	O
examination	O
:	O
3	O
copies	O
of	O
throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
specimens	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
detection	O
were	O
performed	O
by	O
the	O
Disease	O
Prevention	O
Control	O
Center	O
of	O
China	O
(	O
China	O
CDC	O
),	O
and	O
they	O
were	O
positive	O
on	O
May	O
29th	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
for	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
sputum	B-ANAT
and	O
stool	B-ANAT
.	O

Ribavirin	B-CHED
2	O
.	O
0	O
g	O
was	O
given	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
dose	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
switched	O
to	O
600	O
mg	O
every	O
8	O
h	O
(	O
q8h	O
),	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
reduced	O
to	O
600	O
mg	O
q12h	O
after	O
10	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
extenuated	O
since	O
the	O
13th	O
day	O
.	O

Interferon	B-PRGE
was	O
given	O
once	O
a	O
week	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
one	O
dose	O
was	O
used	O
.	O

Mild	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
after	O
exertion	B-PROC
were	O
noticed	O
.	O

He	O
had	O
no	O
chest	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
difficulty	O
in	O
breathing	B-PROC
or	O
other	O
symptoms	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
dullness	O
on	O
percussion	O
in	O
both	O
sides	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
it	O
disappeared	O
gradually	O
.	O

Fine	O
moist	B-DISO
rales	I-DISO
were	O
detectable	O
in	O
scapular	O
area	O
and	O
interscapular	O
area	O
on	O
the	O
5th	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
disappeared	O
after	O
3	O
days	O
.	O

Breath	B-ANAT
sounds	O
on	O
both	O
sides	O
was	O
weak	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
became	O
more	O
obvious	O
in	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
after	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
returned	O
to	O
normal	O
after	O
18	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
viral	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
test	O
as	O
performed	O
by	O
the	O
Center	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
of	O
Guangdong	O
(	O
CDC	O
,	O
Guangdong	O
)	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
pharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	O
cultured	O
turned	O
negative	O
on	O
the	O
3rd	O
day	O
,	O
that	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
specimens	O
turned	O
negative	O
on	O
the	O
8th	O
day	O
,	O
that	O
of	O
stool	B-ANAT
specimen	I-ANAT
after	O
2	O
weeks	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
persistently	O
positive	O
for	O
sputum	B-ANAT
culture	O
until	O
5	O
days	O
before	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
gradually	O
increased	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
over	O
300	O
mmHg	O
(	O
1	O
mmHg	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
133	O
kPa	O
)	O
after	O
15	O
days	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
A	O
43	O
years	O
old	O
male	O
of	O
South	O
Korean	O
nationality	O
was	O
admitted	O
with	O
the	O
complaint	O
of	O
back	B-DISO
ache	I-DISO
for	O
7	O
days	O
and	O
fever	B-PROC
2	O
days	O
with	O
the	O
following	O
characteristics	O
:	O
back	B-DISO
ache	I-DISO
7	O
days	O
ago	O
,	O
without	O
fever	B-PROC
or	O
cough	B-DISO
or	O
expectoration	B-ANAT
.	O

Adult	O
animals	B-SPEC
in	O
many	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
North	O
and	O
East	O
Africa	O
showed	O
high	O
(>	O
90	O
%)	O
seroprevalence	O
to	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Adjunctive	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
were	O
associated	O
with	O
possible	O
reductions	O
in	O
all	O
-	O
cause	O
mortality	O
(	O
12	O
trials	O
;	O
1974	O
patients	O
;	O
risk	O
ratio	O
[	O
RR	O
],	O
0	O
.	O
67	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
45	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
01	O
];	O
risk	O
difference	O
[	O
RD	O
],	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
%;	O
moderate	O
certainty	O
),	O
need	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
5	O
trials	O
;	O
1060	O
patients	O
;	O
RR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
45	O
[	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
26	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
79	O
];	O
RD	O
,	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
%;	O
moderate	O
certainty	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
4	O
trials	O
;	O
945	O
patients	O
;	O
RR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
24	O
[	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
10	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
56	O
];	O
RD	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
2	O
%;	O
moderate	O
certainty	O
).	O

The	O
indicators	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
,	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
circulation	B-PROC
,	I-PROC
blood	I-PROC
gases	O
,	O
and	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
as	O
well	O
as	O
APACHE	O
II	O
and	O
ALI	O
scores	O
were	O
detected	O
on	O
days	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
7	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Retinal	B-ANAT
Hemorrhages	I-DISO
in	O
Severe	O
Non	O
-	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
Plasmodium	B-DISO
vivax	I-DISO
Malaria	B-PATH
in	O
an	O
Adult	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
26	O
GPA	O
patients	O
with	O
≥	O
1	O
tracheal	O
(	O
mainly	O
subglottic	B-ANAT
,	O
SGS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
bronchial	B-DISO
stenosis	B-SPEC
(	O
ses	O
)	O
(	O
BS	O
(	O
s	O
)).	O
Sixteen	O
patients	O
had	O
solitary	O
SGS	B-DISO
and	O
10	O
had	O
≥	O
1	O
BS	O
(	O
s	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
cyclophosphamide	B-CHED
seemed	O
to	O
effectively	O
treat	O
BSs	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
not	O
SGS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
rituximab	O
may	O
be	O
of	O
interest	O
for	O
SGS	B-DISO
management	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
detrimental	O
effects	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
,	O
auto	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
PEEP	I-DISO
generation	O
,	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
or	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
.	O

This	O
strategy	O
also	O
allowed	O
decreasing	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressures	O
while	O
maintaining	O
stable	O
PaCO2	O
levels	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Despite	O
limited	O
evidence	O
and	O
relatively	O
few	O
randomized	O
trials	O
in	O
children	O
,	O
ECMO	O
remains	O
the	O
safety	O
net	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
molecular	O
characterisation	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
corona	B-CHED
and	O
toroviruses	B-SPEC
from	O
Croatian	O
cattle	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
horseshoe	B-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
as	O
the	O
reservoir	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
related	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
SARSr	O
-	O
CoVs	O
),	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
ORF8	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
contains	O
the	O
29	O
-	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
signature	O
deletion	O
among	O
human	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
remains	O
obscure	O
.	O

The	O
genomes	O
of	O
two	O
betacoronaviruses	O
,	O
SARSr	O
-	O
Rf	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
YNLF_31C	O
and	O
YNLF_34C	O
,	O
from	O
greater	O
horseshoe	O
bats	O
(	O
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
ferrumequinum	I-SPEC
),	O
possessed	B-DISO
93	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identities	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
/	O
civet	B-SPEC
SARSr	O
-	O
CoV	O
genomes	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
SARSr	O
-	O
Rs	O
-	O
BatCoVs	O
from	O
Chinese	O
horseshoe	B-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
(	O
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
sinicus	I-SPEC
)	O
exhibited	O
<	O
40	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identities	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
/	O
civet	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
the	O
ORF8	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
/	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
acute	O
illnesses	O
were	O
collected	O
and	O
tested	O
by	O
influenza	B-DISO
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
all	O
four	O
classes	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
multi	O
-	O
fragment	O
antigen	B-CHED
,	O
termed	O
BE	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
composed	O
of	O
eight	O
antigenic	O
fragments	O
selected	O
from	O
the	O
three	O
major	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
,	O
M	O
,	O
and	O
N	O
)	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
Genome	O
Sequence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
KOR	O
/	O
KNIH	O
/	O
002_05_2015	O
,	O
Isolated	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
full	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
a	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
from	O
cultured	O
and	O
isolated	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Light	O
fullerenes	B-CHED
attract	O
significant	O
interest	O
in	O
pharmacy	O
and	O
medicine	O
as	O
drug	O
vectors	O
and	O
antioxidants	B-CHED
and	O
to	O
block	O
AIDS	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
enzyme	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
28	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
pregnant	O
woman	O
(	O
26	O
weeks	O
gestation	B-PROC
)	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
whom	O
ECMO	O
support	O
was	O
necessary	O
for	O
survival	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
was	O
transported	O
to	O
another	O
facility	O
1	O
,	O
155	O
km	O
away	O
with	O
the	O
aid	O
of	O
the	O
portable	O
ECMO	O
system	O
.	O

The	O
unusually	O
short	O
helical	O
hairpin	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
might	O
explain	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
deform	O
bilayers	O
and	O
is	O
reminiscent	O
of	O
other	O
peptides	B-CHED
with	O
membrane	B-COMP
disrupting	O
functionalities	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2012	O
Middle	O
-	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
evolved	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

For	O
eight	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
identity	O
of	O
the	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
4	O
cases	O
of	O
HRV	O
-	O
C	O
,	O
3	O
cases	O
of	O
HRV	O
-	O
A	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
single	O
case	O
of	O
HRV	O
-	O
B	O
,	O
was	O
corroborated	O
using	O
partial	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
non	O
-	O
coding	O
regions	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Flexibility	O
as	O
a	O
Strategy	O
in	O
Nucleoside	B-CHED
Antiviral	B-CHED
Drug	I-CHED
Design	O
.	O

This	O
concept	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
went	O
against	O
years	O
of	O
enzyme	O
-	O
substrate	O
binding	B-FUNC
theory	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
lack	O
of	O
optimal	O
porcine	B-SPEC
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
has	O
severely	O
impeded	O
the	O
study	O
and	O
progress	O
in	O
elucidation	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Limited	O
reports	O
showed	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
could	O
inhibit	O
type	B-PROC
I	I-PROC
interferon	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

As	O
the	O
key	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
factors	I-PRGE
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
activation	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
inhibited	O
after	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
not	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
kappaB	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
upstream	O
of	O
IRF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
,	O
TANK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
TBK1	B-FUNC
)-	O
or	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
κB	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ε	I-PRGE
(	O
IKKε	O
)-	O
mediated	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
was	O
not	O
blocked	O
by	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
-	O
and	O
its	O
adapter	O
molecule	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
stimulator	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
IPS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)-	O
mediated	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
were	O
completely	O
inhibited	O
after	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
In	O
Vivo	O
Effects	O
of	O
Mesenchymal	O
Stromal	B-ANAT
Cells	I-ANAT
in	O
Two	O
Patients	O
With	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Notable	O
members	O
include	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
Dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Chikungunya	B-DISO
,	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
Picornaviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Concentration	O
,	O
Size	O
Distribution	O
,	O
and	O
Infectivity	O
of	O
Airborne	O
Particles	O
Carrying	O
Swine	B-SPEC
Viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Air	O
samples	O
collected	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
9	O
,	O
20	O
and	O
the	O
last	O
3	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
were	O
analyzed	O
for	O
IAV	O
,	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
using	O
quantitative	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
quantified	O
as	O
geometric	O
mean	O
copies	O
/	O
m	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
within	O
each	O
size	O
range	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Naloxone	O
is	O
commonly	O
administered	O
in	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
to	O
reverse	O
opioid	B-DISO
intoxication	I-DISO
.	O

Several	O
naloxone	B-CHED
dose	O
recommendations	O
exist	O
for	O
acute	O
management	O
of	O
opioid	B-DISO
intoxication	I-DISO
based	O
on	O
limited	O
published	O
clinical	O
data	O
.	O

Fifteen	O
ED	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
opioid	O
-	O
induced	O
ventilatory	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
(	O
median	O
RR	O
,	O
6	O
breaths	O
/	O
min	O
)	O
who	O
were	O
managed	O
using	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
naloxone	O
strategy	O
were	O
identified	O
.	O

ED	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
opioid	O
-	O
induced	O
ventilatory	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
reversed	O
using	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
mg	O
IV	O
naloxone	B-CHED
with	O
appropriate	O
dose	O
titration	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Fifteen	O
ED	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
opioid	O
-	O
induced	O
ventilatory	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
(	O
median	O
RR	O
,	O
6	O
breaths	O
/	O
min	O
)	O
who	O
were	O
managed	O
using	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
naloxone	B-CHED
strategy	O
were	O
identified	O
.	O

The	O
recent	O
increase	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
coupled	O
with	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
approved	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapies	O
or	O
vaccines	O
to	O
treat	O
or	O
prevent	O
this	O
infection	B-DISO
are	O
causes	O
for	O
concern	O
.	O

Upon	O
MERS	O
viral	O
challenge	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
monkeys	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
control	O
-	O
vaccinated	O
group	O
developed	O
characteristic	O
disease	O
,	O
including	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Challenges	O
and	O
Strategies	O
of	O
Laboratory	O
Diagnosis	O
for	O
Newly	O
Emerging	O
Influenza	B-SPEC
Viruses	I-SPEC
in	O
Taiwan	O
:	O
A	O
Decade	O
after	O
SARS	O
.	O

The	O
capacity	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
to	O
cross	O
species	B-SPEC
barriers	O
presents	O
a	O
potential	O
threat	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
.	O

Given	O
the	O
mutations	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
flu	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
H7N9	O
,	O
H6N1	O
,	O
and	O
H10N8	O
,	O
all	O
countries	O
,	O
including	O
Taiwan	O
,	O
must	O
equip	O
themselves	O
to	O
face	B-DISO
a	O
possible	O
epidemic	O
or	O
pandemic	O
.	O

During	O
2013	O
-	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
department	O
investigated	O
54	O
travelers	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
;	O
none	O
tested	O
positive	O
,	O
but	O
32	O
(	O
62	O
%)	O
of	O
52	O
travelers	O
with	O
suspected	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
had	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Notification	O
of	O
2	O
imported	O
cases	O
of	O
infection	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
triggered	O
comprehensive	O
monitoring	O
of	O
contacts	O
.	O

Observed	O
low	O
rates	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
and	O
the	O
psychological	B-DISO
effect	O
of	O
contact	O
monitoring	O
indicate	O
that	O
thoughtful	O
assessment	O
of	O
close	O
contacts	O
is	O
prudent	O
and	O
must	O
be	O
guided	O
by	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiologic	O
risk	O
factors	O
.	O

Amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
changes	O
occurred	O
at	O
four	O
positions	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
gene	O
and	O
,	O
at	O
two	O
positions	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
large	O
shifts	O
in	O
frequencies	O
of	O
aa	O
encoding	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

Synonymous	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
changes	O
and	O
changes	O
in	O
noncoding	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
were	O
observed	O
at	O
eight	O
genome	O
positions	O
.	O

From	O
an	O
applied	O
perspective	O
,	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
CEK	B-PRGE
adaptation	B-PROC
of	O
embryo	B-ANAT
-	O
attenuated	O
Ark	O
vaccines	O
reduces	O
population	O
heterogeneity	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
changes	O
do	O
not	O
revert	O
after	O
one	O
replication	O
cycle	O
in	O
ECE	O
or	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
provides	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
improve	O
commercial	O
ArkDPI	O
-	O
derived	O
vaccines	O
.	O

To	O
identify	O
antigen	B-CHED
epitopes	O
with	O
specificity	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
MAb	O
-	O
5E12	O
)	O
against	O
the	O
immunodominant	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
Spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S1	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
target	O
for	O
biopanning	O
a	O
12	O
-	O
mer	O
phage	O
display	O
,	O
random	O
peptide	B-CHED
library	O
.	O

Using	O
this	O
method	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
technique	O
to	O
simultaneously	O
detect	O
6	O
kinds	O
of	O
febrile	B-PROC
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
chip	O
was	O
developed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
prostacyclin	B-CHED
in	O
treating	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Balloon	O
-	O
Occluded	B-DISO
Retrograde	O
Transvenous	O
Obliteration	O
for	O
the	O
Treatment	O
of	O
Gastric	B-DISO
Varices	I-DISO
:	O
Polidocanol	B-CHED
Foam	O
Versus	O
Liquid	O
Ethanolamine	B-CHED
Oleate	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
variance	O
in	O
laboratory	O
data	O
values	O
associated	O
with	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
greater	O
with	O
ethanolamine	B-CHED
oleate	B-CHED
.	O

No	O
postprocedural	O
rebleeding	O
from	O
the	O
gastric	B-DISO
varices	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
during	O
a	O
median	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
time	O
of	O
39	O
.	O
5	O
months	O
after	O
procedures	O
with	O
ethanolamine	B-CHED
oleate	B-CHED
and	O
34	O
months	O
after	O
procedures	O
with	O
polidocanol	B-CHED
foam	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
emergence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
and	O
its	O
discovery	O
from	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
has	O
boosted	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
novel	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
DcAstV	O
was	O
most	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
recently	O
characterized	O
porcine	B-SPEC
AstV	O
2	O
,	O
their	O
capsid	B-ANAT
proteins	B-CHED
only	O
shared	O
60	O
-	O
66	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
genetic	O
distance	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
372	O
.	O

This	O
lack	O
was	O
rectified	O
by	O
a	O
2011	O
workshop	O
report	O
by	O
the	O
American	O
Thoracic	B-DISO
Society	O
,	O
which	O
defined	O
the	O
main	O
features	O
proposed	O
to	O
delineate	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
laboratory	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
Structural	O
and	O
Functional	O
Studies	O
of	O
the	O
Three	O
Tandemly	O
Linked	O
Domains	O
of	O
Non	O
-	O
structural	O
Protein	O
3	O
(	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
)	O
from	O
Murine	B-DISO
Hepatitis	I-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
Reveal	O
Conserved	O
Functions	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
the	O
x	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
structure	O
of	O
three	O
tandemly	O
linked	O
domains	O
of	O
MHV	B-PRGE
nsp3	I-PRGE
,	O
including	O
the	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
)	O
catalytic	O
domain	O
,	O
the	O
ubiquitin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
Ubl2	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
a	O
third	O
domain	O
that	O
we	O
call	O
the	O
DPUP	O
(	O
domain	O
preceding	O
Ubl2	O
and	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
)	O
domain	O
.	O

DPUP	O
has	O
close	O
structural	O
similarity	O
to	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
unique	O
domain	O
C	O
(	O
SUD	O
-	O
C	O
),	O
suggesting	O
that	O
this	O
domain	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
unique	O
to	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
studies	O
extend	O
substantially	O
our	O
structural	O
knowledge	O
of	O
MHV	B-PRGE
nsp3	I-PRGE
,	O
providing	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
further	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
domains	I-PRGE
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Construction	O
of	O
an	O
oral	B-ANAT
vaccine	O
for	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
based	O
on	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
N	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expressed	O
in	O
an	O
attenuated	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
typhimurium	O
vector	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
stability	O
of	O
the	O
developed	O
vaccine	O
,	O
different	O
dosages	O
(	O
5	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
8	O
),	O
1	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
),	O
and	O
2	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
9	O
)	O
CFU	O
/	O
mice	B-SPEC
)	O
of	O
SL7207	O
(	O
pVAX	O
-	O
N	O
)	O
were	O
inoculated	O
to	O
6	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

They	O
commonly	O
use	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
offer	O
a	O
multiplexed	O
assay	O
for	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
mitigates	O
these	O
problems	O
by	O
combining	O
several	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
analogs	O
from	O
the	O
emerging	O
field	O
of	O
synthetic	O
biology	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
self	O
-	O
avoiding	O
molecular	B-PROC
recognition	I-PROC
systems	O
(	O
SAMRSs	O
),	O
which	O
facilitate	O
multiplexing	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
artificially	O
expanded	O
genetic	O
information	O
systems	O
(	O
AEGISs	O
),	O
which	O
enable	O
low	O
-	O
noise	O
PCR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Role	O
of	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
Aluminum	B-CHED
Phosphide	I-CHED
Poisoning	O
-	O
Induced	O
Reversible	O
Myocardial	O
Dysfunction	O
:	O
A	O
Novel	O
Therapeutic	O
Modality	O
.	O

At	O
9	O
months	O
of	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
all	O
five	O
surviving	O
patients	O
were	O
doing	O
well	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
near	O
normalization	O
of	O
ventricular	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surveillance	O
operation	O
for	O
the	O
141st	O
confirmed	O
case	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
prior	O
travel	O
to	O
Jeju	O
Island	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
visiting	O
period	O
might	O
be	O
interpreted	O
as	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
of	O
MERS	O
,	O
the	O
province	O
decided	O
to	O
conduct	B-PROC
active	O
surveillance	O
to	O
prevent	O
a	O
worst	O
-	O
case	O
scenario	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
domestic	O
ferret	O
from	O
Lima	B-SPEC
,	O
Peru	O
,	O
died	B-PROC
after	O
ten	O
days	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
clinical	O
signs	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
an	O
activation	O
of	O
a	O
highly	O
complex	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
program	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	O
Uses	O
of	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
Adults	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
hope	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
destination	O
device	O
therapy	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
have	O
significant	O
implications	O
for	O
acute	O
and	O
chronic	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
and	O
cardiac	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
assays	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
iELISA	O
was	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
.	O

Using	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
(	O
siRNA	O
)	O
screening	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
83	O
novel	O
genes	O
supporting	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
replication	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Loss	O
of	O
VCP	O
inhibits	O
a	O
previously	O
uncharacterized	O
degradation	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
are	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
representing	O
a	O
real	O
threat	O
for	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
emerging	O
MERS	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
newly	O
emerged	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
represent	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
human	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
that	O
share	O
a	O
property	O
to	O
inhibit	O
host	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
at	O
the	O
posttranscriptional	O
level	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
represents	O
a	O
meaningful	O
step	O
toward	O
a	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
factors	O
and	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
governing	O
the	O
virulence	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

The	O
benefits	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
outcomes	O
caused	O
by	O
these	O
interventions	O
have	O
been	O
confirmed	O
by	O
several	O
prospective	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
(	O
RCTs	O
)	O
and	O
are	O
attributed	O
to	O
reduction	O
in	O
volutrauma	O
.	O

A	O
42	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
Turkish	O
citizen	O
who	O
worked	O
as	O
an	O
employee	O
in	O
Jeddah	O
,	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
with	O
the	O
complaints	O
of	O
fever	O
and	O
malaise	B-DISO
on	O
25	O
-	O
26	O
September	O
2014	O
.	O

Since	O
his	O
symptoms	O
went	O
on	O
and	O
got	O
worse	O
,	O
he	O
returned	O
to	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
a	O
hospital	O
'	O
s	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
in	O
Hatay	O
on	O
6th	O
of	O
October	O
with	O
the	O
symptoms	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
malaise	B-DISO
,	O
sweating	O
,	O
cough	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
chosen	O
as	O
it	O
comprised	O
a	O
two	O
aminoacid	O
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
corresponding	O
published	O
sequence	O
from	O
the	O
patient	O
treated	O
in	O
London	O
,	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
.	O

Notably	O
,	O
the	O
recent	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
'	O
superspreading	O
'	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
hospitals	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
has	O
raised	O
a	O
major	O
global	O
health	O
concern	O
.	O

The	O
novel	O
mAbs	O
and	O
the	O
epitopes	O
identified	O
will	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
developing	O
diagnostic	O
assays	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Multicenter	O
Retrospective	O
Review	O
of	O
Prone	O
Position	O
Ventilation	O
(	O
PPV	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
Treatment	O
of	O
Severe	O
Human	O
H7N9	O
Avian	B-DISO
Flu	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
treatment	O
with	O
35	O
PPV	B-CHED
sessions	O
,	O
the	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
OI	O
)	O
values	O
of	O
the	O
six	O
patients	O
when	O
measured	O
post	O
-	O
PPV	B-CHED
and	O
post	O
-	O
supine	O
position	O
ventilation	O
(	O
SPV	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
measured	O
pre	O
-	O
PPV	B-CHED
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O
The	O
six	O
patients	O
showed	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
their	O
values	O
for	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
(	O
RR	O
),	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PIP	B-CHED
),	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
TV	O
)	O
or	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
(	O
PaCO2	O
)	O
when	O
compared	O
pre	O
-	O
PPV	B-CHED
,	O
post	O
-	O
PPV	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
post	O
-	O
SPV	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
PPV	B-CHED
provided	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
that	O
was	O
sustained	O
after	O
returning	O
to	O
a	O
supine	O
position	O
,	O
and	O
resulted	O
in	O
decreased	O
carbon	B-DISO
dioxide	I-DISO
retention	B-PROC
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	O
renal	B-ANAT
injury	O
were	O
similar	O
in	O
the	O
restrictive	O
and	O
liberal	O
transfusion	O
groups	O
in	O
both	O
age	O
groups	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
older	O
patients	O
,	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
was	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
restrictive	O
transfusion	O
group	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
vs	O
5	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
031	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
male	O
domestic	B-SPEC
ferret	I-SPEC
(	O
Mustela	B-SPEC
putorius	I-SPEC
furo	I-SPEC
),	O
which	O
was	O
purchased	O
from	O
outside	O
of	O
Japan	O
at	O
13	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
was	O
euthanized	O
at	O
18	O
months	O
of	O
age	O
because	O
of	O
poor	O
health	O
.	O

The	O
deposition	O
of	O
immune	O
complexes	O
may	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Akkermansia	B-SPEC
belonging	O
to	O
Verrucomicrobia	B-SPEC
was	O
higher	O
in	O
VC	O
piglets	O
than	O
in	O
VD	O
piglets	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
including	O
ORF6	B-PRGE
inhibit	O
Type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Crystallization	O
and	O
preliminary	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystallographic	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
15	O
mutant	O
from	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
findings	O
describing	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
from	O
a	O
population	O
-	O
based	O
active	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
study	O
in	O
four	O
different	O
regions	O
of	O
Peru	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
at	O
present	O
specific	O
preventive	O
or	O
curative	O
strategies	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
failure	O
in	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
addition	O
to	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
are	O
still	O
missing	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
mini	O
-	O
review	O
is	O
to	O
give	O
a	O
short	O
overview	O
of	O
some	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
all	O
,	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
for	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
its	O
most	O
important	O
complications	O
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
briefly	O
discuss	O
future	O
perspectives	O
.	O

Pulse	B-PROC
oximetric	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
(	O
SpO2	O
),	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
(	O
PaO2	O
),	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
FiO2	O
),	O
provider	O
diagnoses	O
,	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
closest	O
to	O
time	O
of	O
ultrasound	O
were	O
recorded	O
or	O
interpreted	O
.	O

For	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
assessments	O
interpreted	O
by	O
the	O
study	O
physician	O
,	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
ultrasound	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
syndrome	B-DISO
bilaterally	O
and	O
involving	O
at	O
least	O
three	O
lung	B-ANAT
fields	O
were	O
80	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
63	O
-	O
92	O
)	O
and	O
62	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
49	O
-	O
74	O
)	O
for	O
radiographic	O
criteria	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Combining	O
SpO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
with	O
ultrasound	O
to	O
determine	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
radiographic	O
criteria	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
was	O
83	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
52	O
-	O
98	O
)	O
and	O
specificity	O
was	O
62	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
38	O
-	O
82	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
coronaviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
can	O
cause	O
acute	O
and	O
highly	O
contagious	O
enteric	O
disease	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
characterized	O
by	O
severe	O
entero	O
-	O
pathogenic	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
RNAi	B-PROC
might	O
be	O
a	O
promising	O
new	O
strategy	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
spite	O
of	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
for	O
terrestrial	O
biotic	O
communities	O
and	O
ecosystem	O
ecology	O
,	O
the	O
diversity	O
in	O
their	O
biology	O
and	O
lifestyles	O
remain	O
poorly	O
known	O
and	O
underappreciated	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
a	O
more	O
fundamental	O
research	O
about	O
immune	O
mechanisms	O
developed	O
in	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
is	O
essential	O
to	O
reveal	O
the	O
reasons	O
why	O
Chiroptera	B-SPEC
are	O
so	O
efficient	O
reservoir	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
12	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
duplex	O
real	O
time	O
PCR	O
assays	O
in	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmission	O
characteristics	O
of	O
MERS	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
healthcare	O
setting	O
:	O
a	O
comparative	O
study	O
.	O

Exposure	O
patterns	O
differed	O
slightly	O
by	O
disease	O
generation	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
especially	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
the	O
initial	O
5	O
days	O
of	O
diagnostics	O
at	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
ward	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
required	O
a	O
further	O
97	O
days	O
of	O
hospital	O
treatment	O
and	O
spent	O
63	O
days	O
at	O
the	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
.	O

He	O
underwent	O
immediate	O
systemic	O
management	O
,	O
but	O
methicillin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
(	O
MRSA	B-DISO
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
enteritis	B-DISO
were	O
uncontrolled	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
death	B-PROC
on	O
day	O
43	O
.	O

Intriguingly	O
,	O
exogenous	O
ns12	O
.	O
9	O
and	O
heterologous	O
viroporins	O
with	O
ion	B-FUNC
channel	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
could	O
compensate	O
for	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
HCoV	O
-	O
OC43	O
-	O
Δns12	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
ion	B-FUNC
channel	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
of	O
ns12	O
.	O
9	O
plays	O
a	O
significant	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virions	B-COMP
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
reduced	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
in	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
-	O
Δns12	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
observed	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
levels	O
for	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
-	O
WT	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
-	O
Δns12	O
.	O
9	O
exhibited	O
reduced	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
accompanied	O
by	O
a	O
lower	O
titer	O
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
than	O
that	O
of	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
ns12	O
.	O
9	O
viroporin	O
influences	O
virus	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
enteral	O
diets	O
enriched	O
with	O
eicosapentaenoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
EPA	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
gamma	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
linolenic	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
GLA	B-CHED
)	O
has	O
reported	O
promising	O
results	O
,	O
showing	O
an	O
improvement	O
in	O
respiratory	O
variables	O
and	O
haemodynamics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
ABO	O
blood	O
types	O
are	O
determined	O
by	O
antigen	B-CHED
modifications	O
on	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
and	O
glycolipids	B-CHED
and	O
associated	O
with	O
altered	O
plasma	B-ANAT
levels	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
injury	O
markers	O
implicated	O
in	O
AKI	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
infect	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
,	O
but	O
replicates	O
to	O
high	O
titers	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
the	O
South	O
of	O
Portugal	O
in	O
January	O
2015	O
and	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
northwards	O
in	O
the	O
territory	O
are	O
described	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
in	O
the	O
samples	O
was	O
determined	O
by	O
PCR	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
VP2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
568	O
bp	O
)	O
of	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
.	O

Coinfections	B-DISO
with	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
canine	O
kobuvirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
canine	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
.	O

Travel	O
to	O
locations	O
experiencing	O
outbreaks	O
such	O
as	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
chikungunya	B-DISO
call	O
for	O
specific	O
alerts	O
on	O
preventive	O
strategies	O
.	O

Genetic	B-PROC
recombination	I-PROC
events	O
between	O
group	O
3	O
and	O
group	O
5	O
of	O
clade	O
B	O
may	O
have	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
transmissibility	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
detection	O
and	O
genetic	O
characterization	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
region	O
of	O
BCoVs	O
from	O
respiratory	O
and	O
enteric	O
infections	O
in	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
18	O
test	O
samples	O
(	O
16	O
feces	B-ANAT
and	O
2	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swap	O
samples	O
)	O
were	O
detected	O
positive	O
by	O
ELISA	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Since	O
then	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
1	O
,	O
000	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
confirmed	O
;	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
typically	O
associated	O
with	O
considerable	O
morbidity	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
approximately	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
integration	B-PROC
of	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
coding	O
genes	O
into	O
recombinant	O
MV	O
resulting	O
in	O
coexpression	O
of	O
MV	O
and	O
foreign	O
antigens	B-CHED
can	O
efficiently	O
be	O
achieved	O
.	O

Using	O
during	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
initial	O
symptoms	O
of	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
reduced	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
restrictive	O
positive	O
end	O
-	O
expiratory	O
pressure	O
of	O
6	O
-	O
10	O
cm	O
of	O
water	B-CHED
column	B-ANAT
when	O
the	O
conventional	O
(	O
1	O
:	O
2	O
;	O
1	O
:	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
at	O
p	O
≤	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
invert	O
(	O
2	O
:	O
1	O
at	O
p	O
≤	O
0	O
,	O
1	O
)	O
ratio	O
inhale	B-PROC
/	O
exhale	O
,	O
relatively	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
6	O
-	O
8	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
allows	O
increase	O
the	O
compliance	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
to	O
11	O
-	O
29	O
%.	O

Increased	O
expiratory	B-PROC
time	O
constant	O
has	O
a	O
direct	O
correlation	O
with	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
airway	B-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
was	O
due	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
the	O
maintenance	O
of	O
optimal	O
parameters	O
for	O
MVV	O
(	O
mechanical	O
voluntary	O
ventilation	O
),	O
but	O
regular	O
lavage	O
of	O
the	O
tracheobronchial	B-ANAT
tree	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
allows	O
to	O
maintain	O
patency	O
of	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

Previously	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
Burkholderia	B-SPEC
cepacia	I-SPEC
complex	I-SPEC
lung	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
immunocompetent	O
hosts	B-COMP
include	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
,	O
pyopneumothorax	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
cavitary	O
lesions	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
64	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
whose	O
hospital	O
course	O
was	O
complicated	O
by	O
developing	O
cavitary	O
lung	B-ANAT
lesions	O
,	O
bacteremia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Thoracic	B-ANAT
Trauma	O
Severity	O
score	O
on	O
admission	O
allows	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
delayed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	O
contusion	O
.	O

The	O
global	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
TTS	O
score	O
to	O
predict	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
studied	O
by	O
ROC	O
curves	O
with	O
a	O
threshold	O
analysis	O
using	O
a	O
grey	O
zone	O
approach	O
.	O

The	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
ROC	O
curves	O
for	O
the	O
TTS	O
score	O
in	O
predicting	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
0	O
.	O
82	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
78	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
86	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
overall	O
population	O
.	O

An	O
extreme	O
TTS	O
score	O
on	O
admission	O
accurately	O
predicts	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
delayed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
blunt	O
thoracic	B-DISO
trauma	O
patients	O
affected	O
by	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
329	O
patients	O
studied	O
(	O
75	O
%	O
men	O
,	O
mean	O
age	O
36	O
.	O
9	O
years	O
[	O
SD	O
17	O
.	O
8	O
years	O
],	O
mean	O
Injury	O
Severity	O
Score	O
21	O
.	O
7	O
[	O
SD	O
16	O
.	O
0	O
]),	O
82	O
(	O
25	O
%)	O
presented	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
mean	O
lowest	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
of	O
131	O
[	O
SD	O
34	O
]).	O

A	O
TTS	O
score	O
of	O
13	O
-	O
25	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
25	O
.	O
8	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
99	O
.	O
6	O
]	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

When	O
divided	O
according	O
to	O
outcome	O
,	O
the	O
BNP	B-PRGE
level	O
in	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
group	O
(	O
267	O
.	O
07	O
±	O
45	O
.	O
06	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
)	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
survival	O
group	O
(	O
128	O
.	O
99	O
±	O
45	O
.	O
42	O
pg	O
/	O
ml	O
).	O

Overall	O
,	O
docking	B-PROC
and	O
biochemical	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
kuwanon	O
-	O
L	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
an	O
allosteric	O
binding	B-FUNC
pocket	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
an	O
attractive	O
lead	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
allosteric	O
IN	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
is	O
now	O
worldwide	O
distributed	O
and	O
causing	O
huge	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Five	O
Ib	O
-	O
type	O
cyclopeptide	O
alkaloids	O
,	O
jubanines	O
F	O
-	O
J	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
5	O
),	O
and	O
three	O
known	O
compounds	O
,	O
nummularine	O
B	O
(	O
6	O
),	O
daechuine	O
-	O
S3	O
(	O
7	O
),	O
and	O
mucronine	O
K	O
(	O
8	O
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
roots	O
of	O
Ziziphus	B-SPEC
jujuba	I-SPEC
.	O

This	O
is	O
a	O
retrospective	O
observational	O
cohort	O
study	O
of	O
adult	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
elevated	O
lactate	B-CHED
presenting	O
to	O
a	O
large	O
academic	O
ED	O
.	O

Emergency	B-DISO
department	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
was	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
aOR	B-FUNC
,	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
0	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
a	O
priori	O
subgroup	O
of	O
patients	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
in	O
the	O
ED	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
97	O
),	O
those	O
who	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
received	O
higher	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
compared	O
to	O
patients	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
develop	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
8	O
.	O
7	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
[	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
]	O
vs	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
[	O
interquartile	O
range	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
0	O
];	O
P	O
<.	O
01	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Here	O
we	O
designed	O
and	O
tested	O
two	O
highly	O
specific	O
quantitative	O
TaqMan	O
(®)-	O
MGB	O
-	O
based	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
quantitative	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
)	O
assays	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SAR	B-PRGE
for	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
influenza	B-DISO
in	O
South	O
Africa	O
was	O
higher	O
than	O
previously	O
reported	O
SARs	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
redux	O
?	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Although	O
predominantly	O
affecting	O
countries	O
across	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
,	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
exported	O
by	O
travelers	O
to	O
countries	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Regarding	O
longer	O
time	O
periods	B-PROC
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemics	O
occasionally	O
occur	O
very	O
early	O
in	O
the	O
season	O
,	O
as	O
during	O
the	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
.	O

Whether	O
early	O
occurrence	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemics	O
impacts	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
other	O
common	O
seasonal	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
not	O
clear	O
.	O

Between	O
2003	O
and	O
2012	O
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
showed	O
shifts	O
in	O
their	O
occurrence	O
when	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
epidemics	O
occurred	O
earlier	O
than	O
usual	O
(	O
before	O
week	O
1	O
).	O

Occurrence	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
norovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
change	O
.	O

The	O
potent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
both	O
GO	O
and	O
rGO	O
can	O
be	O
attributed	O
to	O
the	O
unique	O
single	O
-	O
layer	B-ANAT
structure	O
and	O
negative	O
charge	O
.	O

First	O
,	O
GO	O
exhibited	O
potent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
when	O
conjugated	O
with	O
PVP	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
nonionic	O
polymer	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
not	O
when	O
conjugated	O
with	O
PDDA	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
cationic	O
polymer	B-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
still	O
remain	O
a	O
major	O
population	O
health	O
issue	O
and	O
this	O
may	O
be	O
exacerbated	O
by	O
rapid	O
urbanization	O
and	O
unprecedented	O
impacts	O
of	O
climate	O
change	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
maleopimaric	O
and	O
quinopimaric	O
acids	O
'	O
derivatives	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
unique	O
clinical	O
case	O
about	O
an	O
18	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
,	O
immediately	O
post	O
-	O
partum	O
after	O
an	O
urgent	O
C	O
-	O
section	O
,	O
who	O
survived	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
(	O
DIC	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
was	O
successfully	O
treated	O
with	O
11	O
different	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
massive	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusions	O
and	O
repetitive	O
surgeries	O
and	O
was	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
support	O
for	O
22	O
days	O
.	O

Clinical	O
and	O
laboratory	O
characteristics	O
of	O
viral	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
significantly	O
differ	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
advance	O
of	O
viral	O
detection	O
methods	O
and	O
increase	O
of	O
knowledge	O
it	O
becomes	O
possible	O
to	O
characterize	O
different	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
present	O
in	O
71	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
35	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
respiratory	B-DISO
syncytial	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
13	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
mean	O
C	O
-	O
reactive	O
protein	B-CHED
value	O
was	O
72	O
.	O
4	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
and	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
19	O
.	O
000	O
/	O
µl	O
,	O
both	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
result	O
was	O
further	O
applied	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
origin	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
that	O
caused	O
the	O
2014	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
nodes	B-ANAT
with	O
high	O
posterior	O
support	O
(	O
posterior	O
probability	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
)	O
was	O
similar	O
between	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
and	O
S	O
genes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
November	O
2002	O
as	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
atypical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
identified	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evidence	O
for	O
an	O
Ancestral	O
Association	O
of	O
Human	B-PRGE
Coronavirus	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
with	O
Bats	B-SPEC
.	O

Only	O
hipposiderid	O
bats	B-SPEC
tested	O
positive	O
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
the	O
alpaca	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
showed	O
a	O
major	O
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
S1	O
region	O
compared	O
to	O
all	O
bat	B-ENZY
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Analyses	O
of	O
four	O
full	O
genomes	O
from	O
229E	O
-	O
related	O
bat	B-ENZY
CoVs	O
revealed	O
an	O
eighth	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
(	O
ORF8	O
)	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
genomic	O
3	O
'	O
end	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
cellular	O
protease	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
cleaves	O
and	O
activates	O
the	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
hemagglutinin	O
(	O
HA	O
)	O
and	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
is	O
essential	O
for	O
viral	O
spread	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
previous	O
studies	O
on	O
viral	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
by	O
TMPRSS2	O
focused	O
on	O
a	O
492	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
comprising	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
isoform	O
2	O
)	O
while	O
other	O
TMPRSS2	O
isoforms	O
,	O
generated	O
upon	O
alternative	B-PROC
splicing	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
tmprss2	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
,	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
characterized	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
also	O
taken	O
from	O
their	O
dams	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
sampling	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
need	O
to	O
develop	O
technologies	O
that	O
can	O
meet	O
the	O
heavy	O
demand	O
of	O
an	O
all	O
-	O
embedded	O
,	O
inexpensive	O
,	O
specific	O
and	O
fast	B-FUNC
biosensing	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
and	O
screening	O
of	O
pathogens	O
in	O
active	O
or	O
latent	O
forms	O
to	O
offer	O
quick	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
early	O
treatments	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
avoid	O
disease	O
aggravation	O
and	O
unnecessary	O
late	O
treatment	O
costs	O
.	O

In	O
early	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
ΔEELV	O
occurs	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
minute	O
,	O
and	O
change	O
is	O
completed	O
within	O
2	O
minutes	O
,	O
following	O
an	O
increase	O
or	O
decrease	O
in	O
PEEP	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
study	O
is	O
focused	O
on	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
profiling	O
of	O
FIPV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
following	O
in	O
vitro	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
CRFK	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
FIPV	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
WSU	O
.	O

An	O
aggregate	O
of	O
4546	O
genes	O
(	O
2229	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
and	O
2317	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
)	O
from	O
17	O
cellular	B-COMP
process	I-COMP
,	O
11	O
molecular	O
functions	O
and	O
130	O
possible	O
biological	O
pathways	B-PROC
were	O
affected	O
by	O
FIPV	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
compound	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
up	O
to	O
80	O
µMconcentration	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Crescentic	B-DISO
glomerulonephritis	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
child	O
with	O
Heiner	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Using	O
the	O
spike	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
RBD	O
)	O
to	O
immunize	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
identified	O
two	O
neutralizing	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
mAbs	O
)	O
4C2	O
and	O
2E6	O
.	O

2E6	O
also	O
blocks	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
competes	O
with	O
4C2	O
for	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
RBD	O
.	O

Common	O
pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
calicivirus	O
and	O
Influenza	O
virus	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
borne	O
pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
,	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
and	O
C	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
gastro	B-ANAT
-	O
intestinal	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
Campylobacter	B-SPEC
and	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
and	O
vector	O
-	O
borne	O
pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
Borrelia	B-DISO
were	O
all	O
in	O
the	O
highest	O
priority	O
group	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
this	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
independently	O
of	O
its	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
inhibits	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
and	O
translocation	B-DISO
of	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
uses	O
multiple	O
strategies	O
to	O
counteract	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
response	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
adaptive	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
HR1	O
(	O
Q	O
/	O
R	O
/	O
H1020	O
)	O
arose	O
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
or	O
in	O
a	O
previous	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
spread	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

New	O
ventilatory	O
approaches	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
safely	O
treat	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
recent	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
the	O
potential	O
utility	O
of	O
open	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
strategies	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
is	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
theoretical	O
and	O
practical	O
aspects	O
of	O
APRV	O
and	O
HFOV	O
,	O
provides	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
evidence	O
,	O
and	O
addresses	O
their	O
possible	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
SPR	O
biosensor	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
immobilizing	O
nine	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
oligonucleotides	B-CHED
in	O
an	O
SPR	O
chip	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
complex	O
etiology	O
of	O
RTIs	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
remain	O
challenging	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
developing	O
countries	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
18	O
pathogens	O
analyzed	O
,	O
four	O
were	O
detected	O
with	O
a	O
positive	O
detection	O
rate	O
(	O
PDR	B-DISO
)	O
>	O
5	O
%:	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
IAV	O
)	O
>	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
>	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
(	O
MP	O
)	O
>	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
).	O

Although	O
clinically	O
distinguishing	O
specific	O
pathogens	O
responsible	O
for	O
RTIs	O
is	O
difficult	O
,	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
RTI	B-DISO
-	O
causing	O
agents	O
could	O
provide	O
clues	O
for	O
clinicians	O
,	O
thereby	O
informing	O
decisions	O
regarding	O
prevention	O
and	O
medication	O
and	O
guiding	O
appropriate	O
public	O
health	O
strategies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
can	O
present	O
with	O
flu	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
infectious	B-DISO
dose	O
of	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
pool	O
of	O
original	O
US	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
PC22A	O
was	O
determined	O
in	O
4	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
,	O
cesarean	O
-	O
derived	O
,	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
-	O
deprived	O
(	O
CDCD	O
)	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
pig	B-SPEC
diarrhea	B-DISO
dose	O
(	O
PDD50	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
pool	O
was	O
determined	O
as	O
7	O
.	O
35	O
log10	O
PDD50	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
infectious	B-DISO
titer	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
75	O
log10	O
plaque	B-DISO
-	O
forming	O
units	O
(	O
PFU	B-CHED
)/	O
mL	O
.	O
100	O
PDD50	O
caused	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
all	O
conventional	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
12	O
)	O
derived	O
from	O
a	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
naive	O
sow	O
,	O
whereas	O
1000	O
and	O
10	O
000	O
PDD50	O
did	O
not	O
cause	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
piglets	O
derived	O
from	O
two	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
field	O
exposed	O
-	O
recovered	O
sows	O
.	O

This	O
information	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
future	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
challenge	O
studies	O
and	O
validation	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Leg	B-ANAT
for	O
life	O
?	O

A	O
pregnant	O
woman	O
was	O
admitted	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

24h	O
later	O
VA	O
-	O
ECMO	O
was	O
reinstalled	O
with	O
surgical	O
denudation	O
of	O
femoral	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
in	O
another	O
department	O
.	O

The	O
wound	O
underwent	O
negative	O
pressure	O
therapy	O
for	O
10	O
days	O
and	O
was	O
skin	B-ANAT
grafted	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
we	O
aimed	O
at	O
assessing	O
NDV	B-SPEC
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
prevalences	O
in	O
Ivory	O
-	O
Coast	O
by	O
molecular	O
screening	O
of	O
>	O
22	O
,	O
000	O
avian	B-SPEC
swabs	O
by	O
nested	O
PCR	O
and	O
by	O
serology	O
testing	O
of	O
close	O
to	O
2000	O
avian	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
from	O
2010	O
through	O
2012	O
.	O

A	O
number	O
of	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
viral	O
vectors	O
,	O
recombinant	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
DNAs	O
,	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
recombinant	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
have	O
shown	O
efficacy	O
in	O
laboratory	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Real	O
-	O
time	O
characterization	O
of	O
risks	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
associated	O
with	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
),	O
comprising	O
185	O
cases	O
linked	O
to	O
healthcare	O
facilities	O
,	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
from	O
May	O
to	O
July	O
2015	O
.	O

While	O
accounting	O
for	O
the	O
time	O
delay	O
from	O
illness	O
onset	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
identified	O
using	O
a	O
linear	O
predictor	O
tied	O
to	O
a	O
logit	O
model	O
.	O

Because	O
MERS	O
outbreaks	O
are	O
greatly	O
amplified	O
in	O
the	O
healthcare	O
setting	O
,	O
enhanced	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
practices	O
in	O
medical	O
facilities	O
should	O
strive	O
to	O
shield	O
risk	O
groups	O
from	O
MERS	O
exposure	O
.	O

Seasonal	O
occurrence	O
in	O
GBS	B-DISO
is	O
prominent	O
in	O
winter	O
484	O
(	O
41	O
.	O
50	O
%)	O
and	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
were	O
449	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
50	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

48	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
11	O
%)	O
deaths	B-PROC
were	O
attributed	O
to	O
GBS	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
no	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
assay	O
for	O
commercial	O
use	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

One	O
such	O
sensor	O
,	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
,	O
detects	O
viral	O
RNA	O
and	O
triggers	O
induction	O
of	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferons	I-PRGE
,	O
chemical	O
messengers	O
that	O
induce	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
help	O
regulate	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
the	O
networks	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
5	O
significant	O
proteins	B-CHED
including	O
FAN	B-PRGE
,	O
CPSF2	B-PRGE
,	O
AGO1	B-PRGE
,	O
AGO2	B-PRGE
and	O
PAX5	B-PRGE
.	O

This	O
have	O
enabled	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
specific	O
devices	O
for	O
the	O
extracorporeal	O
removal	O
of	O
CO2	B-CHED
.	O

These	O
devices	O
have	O
a	O
simpler	O
configuration	O
than	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
devices	O
and	O
uses	O
lower	O
blood	B-PROC
flows	I-PROC
which	O
could	O
reduce	O
the	O
potential	O
complications	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
with	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
often	O
caused	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
>	O
35	O
%.	O

The	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
were	O
then	O
challenged	O
with	O
H7N9	O
A	O
/	O
Anhui	O
/	O
1	O
/	O
2013	O
influenza	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infected	O
suckling	O
pigs	B-SPEC
showed	O
severe	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
vomiting	I-DISO
at	O
PID	B-DISO
1	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infected	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
showed	O
milder	O
clinical	O
signs	O
starting	O
at	O
PID	B-DISO
3	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
mortality	O
in	O
either	O
infected	O
suckling	O
or	O
infected	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Strikingly	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infected	O
suckling	O
pigs	B-SPEC
had	O
significantly	O
lower	O
NK	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
frequencies	O
,	O
undetectable	O
NK	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
activity	O
and	O
lower	O
IFNγ	O
producing	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
ileum	B-ANAT
compared	O
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infected	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
S	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
phase	I-PROC
arrest	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
level	O
of	O
cyclin	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
does	O
not	O
induce	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
)	O
stress	O
and	O
does	O
not	O
activate	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
IL	O
-	O
8	O
and	O
Bcl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
.	O

FTY720	B-CHED
treatment	O
of	O
cultured	O
NPCs	O
resulted	O
in	O
increased	O
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-PRGE
phosphorylation	B-PROC
and	O
migration	B-PROC
after	O
exposure	O
to	O
the	O
chemokine	O
CXCL12	O
.	O

In	O
21	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
10ml	O
of	O
inoculum	O
with	O
titers	O
560	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
TCID50	O
/	O
ml	O
(	O
Ct	O
24	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
31	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
resulted	O
in	O
100	O
%	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
each	O
group	O
while	O
10ml	O
of	O
inoculum	O
with	O
titers	O
0	O
.	O
56	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
0056	O
TCID50	O
/	O
ml	O
(	O
Ct	O
values	O
35	O
.	O
3	O
->	O
45	O
)	O
did	O
not	O
establish	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
any	O
pigs	B-SPEC
under	O
study	O
conditions	O
as	O
determined	O
by	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
PCR	O
,	O
histopathology	O
,	O
immunohistochemistry	O
,	O
and	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Aetiological	O
role	O
of	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
acute	O
lower	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
under	O
five	O
years	O
:	O
A	O
systematic	O
review	O
and	O
meta	O
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Characterized	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
are	O
needed	O
for	O
studying	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
and	O
evaluating	O
medical	O
countermeasures	O
for	O
persisting	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
further	O
characterized	O
this	O
model	O
by	O
determining	O
both	O
the	O
ID50	O
and	O
the	O
LD50	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
establish	O
both	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
model	O
and	O
a	O
lethal	O
model	O
for	O
MERS	O
and	O
followed	O
this	O
by	O
investigating	O
the	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
immunity	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
survived	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
significant	O
age	O
by	O
HIV	O
interactions	O
were	O
found	O
indicating	O
stronger	O
associations	O
between	O
older	O
age	O
and	O
decreased	O
FA	O
in	O
the	O
posterior	O
limbs	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
internal	B-ANAT
capsules	I-ANAT
,	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
peduncles	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
anterior	O
corona	B-ANAT
radiata	I-ANAT
in	O
HIV	O
+	O
vs	O
.	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
participants	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
covers	O
4	O
topics	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
ophthalmic	B-CHED
SJS	B-DISO
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
human	B-PRGE
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
(	O
HLA	B-PRGE
)	O
analysis	O
,	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
association	O
studies	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
other	O
pathogenic	O
factors	O
.	O

Integrating	O
phenotypic	O
and	O
genetic	O
data	O
narrowed	O
this	O
region	O
to	O
a	O
single	O
gene	O
,	O
Trim55	B-PRGE
,	O
an	O
E3	B-PRGE
ubiquitin	I-PRGE
ligase	I-PRGE
with	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
muscle	B-PROC
fiber	I-PROC
maintenance	I-PROC
.	O

These	O
data	O
establish	O
the	O
Collaborative	O
Cross	O
platform	O
as	O
a	O
powerful	O
genetic	O
resource	O
for	O
uncovering	O
genetic	O
contributions	O
of	O
complex	O
traits	O
in	O
microbial	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
severity	O
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
models	O
of	O
outbred	O
populations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
which	O
causes	O
tracheal	O
lesions	O
and	O
also	O
affects	O
the	O
reproductive	B-PROC
tract	O
and	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
large	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
every	O
year	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
control	O
by	O
vaccination	O
,	O
so	O
new	O
methods	O
to	O
curb	B-DISO
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
sought	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Coronavirus	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
first	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
June	O
2012	O
.	O

A	O
significant	O
proportion	O
of	O
patients	O
present	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
headache	B-DISO
,	O
myalgia	B-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
and	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

Evidence	O
from	O
multiple	O
sources	O
implicates	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
as	O
natural	O
hosts	B-COMP
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Camel	B-SPEC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
exact	O
mechanism	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
remains	O
uncertain	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
HAdV	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
a	O
medical	O
center	O
between	O
2009	O
and	O
2013	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
severe	O
or	O
nonsevere	O
HAdV	O
infections	B-DISO
based	O
on	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
they	O
received	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

HAdV	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
identified	O
for	O
comparison	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
highlights	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
a	O
high	O
index	O
of	O
suspicion	O
for	O
superimposed	O
fungal	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
who	O
are	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
and	O
immunocompromised	O
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
)	O
were	O
generated	O
through	O
the	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
three	O
recombinant	O
baculoviruses	O
separately	O
encoding	O
M	O
,	O
E	O
or	O
the	O
recombinant	O
S	O
genes	O
.	O

This	O
work	O
provides	O
basic	O
information	O
for	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
IBV	O
VLP	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
and	O
develops	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
further	O
designing	O
IBV	B-SPEC
VLP	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
or	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
addition	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
therapy	O
used	O
concurrently	O
with	O
ECMO	O
can	O
further	O
aid	O
in	O
optimizing	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
and	O
reducing	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
ultimately	O
resulting	O
in	O
fewer	O
ICU	O
admission	O
days	O
and	O
improved	O
overall	O
survival	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
tube	O
dislodgment	O
and	O
airway	B-ANAT
dislodgment	O
did	O
not	O
occur	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
studies	O
included	O
.	O

The	O
authors	O
who	O
reported	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
stated	O
that	O
the	O
episodes	O
were	O
quickly	O
and	O
successfully	O
reversible	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Seven	O
studies	O
fit	B-DISO
the	O
study	O
inclusion	O
criteria	O
(	O
1	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
,	O
3	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
studies	O
,	O
and	O
3	O
case	O
series	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
It	O
is	O
often	O
difficult	O
for	O
a	O
physician	O
to	O
distinguish	O
between	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	O
causes	O
of	O
respiratory	O
infections	O
and	O
this	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
overuse	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

Randomized	O
172	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
negative	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
of	O
all	O
age	O
groups	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
were	O
collected	O
.	O

The	O
2015	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
2003	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
2014	O
-	O
15	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
outbreaks	O
were	O
driven	O
by	O
super	O
-	O
spreaders	O
.	O

Full	O
genome	O
sequence	O
was	O
obtained	O
from	O
sputum	B-ANAT
specimens	O
of	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
.	O

Thorough	O
reprocessing	O
of	O
endoscopes	O
using	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
disinfection	O
and	O
sterilization	O
methods	O
may	O
be	O
essential	O
for	O
reducing	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
using	O
a	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
quantitative	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assay	O
(	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
),	O
and	O
positive	O
samples	O
underwent	O
pyrosequencing	O
of	O
position	O
1058	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
Sanger	O
sequencing	O
of	O
position	O
1060	O
in	O
the	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Results	O
Seventeen	O
(	O
85	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
effusion	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
20	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
were	O
positive	O
for	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
,	O
whereas	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
23	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
other	O
diseases	O
were	O
positive	O
.	O

Pyrosequencing	O
of	O
the	O
17	O
FCoV	O
-	O
positive	O
samples	O
showed	O
that	O
11	O
(	O
65	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
cats	B-SPEC
had	O
leucine	B-CHED
and	O
two	O
(	O
12	O
%)	O
had	O
methionine	B-CHED
at	O
position	O
1058	O
.	O

Twenty	O
Bordetella	B-SPEC
avium	I-SPEC
colonies	O
were	O
recovered	O
from	O
one	O
of	O
five	O
fully	O
protected	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
only	O
five	O
colonies	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
two	O
of	O
five	O
partially	O
protected	O
birds	B-SPEC
without	O
ciliostasis	O
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
birds	B-SPEC
with	O
ciliostasis	O
,	O
numerous	O
colonies	O
were	O
isolated	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
it	O
appears	O
that	O
examining	O
both	O
criteria	O
would	O
be	O
important	O
when	O
evaluating	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
efficacy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
Avian	B-DISO
Infectious	I-DISO
Bronchitis	I-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
Genotypes	O
in	O
Iran	O
(	O
2010	O
-	O
2014	O
).	O

Thus	O
,	O
different	O
substituents	O
were	O
introduced	O
on	O
N	O
atom	B-CHED
at	O
position	O
1	O
or	O
the	O
O	O
atom	B-CHED
at	O
position	O
2	O
of	O
the	O
leads	O
;	O
contextually	O
,	O
several	O
groups	O
were	O
inserted	O
on	O
the	O
nitrogen	B-CHED
atom	I-CHED
at	O
position	O
7	O
of	O
diaminoquinoline	O
intermediates	O
.	O

Particularly	O
,	O
compounds	O
4	O
,	O
11b	O
,	O
11c	O
,	O
13c	O
,	O
15a	O
,	O
18	O
and	O
21	O
resulted	O
active	O
against	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
at	O
concentrations	O
ranging	O
from	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
to	O
5	O
μM	O
.	O
Compound	O
21	O
was	O
also	O
evaluated	O
for	O
its	O
activity	O
on	O
the	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
RdRp	B-FUNC
.	O

Molecular	O
simulation	O
results	O
provided	O
a	O
molecular	O
rationale	O
for	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
activity	O
of	O
these	O
compounds	O
.	O

These	O
DN	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
predominantly	O
consisted	O
of	O
a	O
TCRαβ	O
(+)	O
subset	O
expressing	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
CD44	B-PRGE
and	O
did	O
not	O
produce	O
cytokine	B-PRGE
except	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

Following	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
membrane	B-COMP
mfgl2	O
expression	B-PROC
and	O
functional	O
procoagulant	O
activity	O
increased	O
remarkably	O
in	O
the	O
DN	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Introduction	O
of	O
a	O
recombinant	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
which	O
encoded	O
a	O
microRNA	O
specifically	O
targeting	B-PROC
mfgl2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
(	O
Ad	O
-	O
mfgl2	O
-	O
miRNA	O
)	O
in	O
vivo	O
significantly	O
inhibited	O
the	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
expression	B-PROC
of	O
mfgl2	O
and	O
improved	O
survival	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
isolates	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDL	O
/	O
110931	O
and	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LHB	B-PRGE
/	O
130573	O
were	O
serotypically	O
different	O
from	O
their	O
parental	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
from	O
other	O
serotypes	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Reflecting	O
the	O
latest	O
evidence	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
experiences	O
of	O
treating	O
MERS	O
patients	O
in	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
,	O
these	O
guidelines	O
focus	O
on	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
to	O
achieve	O
effective	O
treatment	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
5	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
infant	O
who	O
presented	O
a	O
normal	O
development	B-PROC
until	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
4	O
months	O
when	O
a	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
caused	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
fatal	O
outcome	O
.	O

Animals	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
a	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
were	O
uniformly	O
protected	O
from	O
lethal	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
new	O
mouse	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
should	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
investigation	O
of	O
early	O
disease	O
mechanisms	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
interventions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
identified	O
in	O
2003	O
has	O
infected	O
∼	O
8000	O
people	O
worldwide	O
,	O
killing	O
nearly	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
them	O
.	O

More	O
data	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
modulation	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
load	O
by	O
therapeutic	O
agents	O
affects	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Surface	O
protection	O
and	O
disinfection	O
against	O
microorganisms	O
,	O
including	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
performed	O
by	O
sanitization	O
of	O
the	O
skin	B-ANAT
surface	I-ANAT
through	O
hand	O
washing	O
with	O
soap	O
and	O
water	B-CHED
,	O
surface	O
disinfectants	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
hand	O
sanitizers	O
,	O
particularly	O
alcohol	O
-	O
based	O
hand	O
sanitizers	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
novel	O
approach	O
to	O
protect	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
livestock	O
from	O
infections	B-DISO
of	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
is	O
broadly	O
effective	O
,	O
long	O
-	O
lasting	O
(	O
persistent	O
),	O
non	O
-	O
toxic	O
,	O
and	O
environment	O
-	O
friendly	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Low	O
-	O
Level	O
Expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
E1B	B-PRGE
20	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Kilodalton	I-PRGE
Protein	I-PRGE
by	O
Adenovirus	B-DISO
14p1	O
Enhances	O
Viral	O
Immunopathogenesis	O
.	O

A	O
small	O
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
Ad14	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
used	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
translational	B-PROC
relevance	O
of	O
these	O
in	O
vitro	O
observations	O
.	O

Three	O
reviewers	O
independently	O
assessed	O
all	O
patients	O
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
for	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
using	O
the	O
Berlin	O
and	O
the	O
American	O
-	O
European	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
(	O
AECC	O
)	O
definitions	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
by	O
either	O
definition	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
mortality	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
differences	O
in	O
functional	O
outcome	O
as	O
measured	O
by	O
the	O
GOS	O
score	O
at	O
6	O
months	O
.	O

Severe	O
TBI	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
ranging	O
from	O
20	O
%	O
to	O
25	O
%.	O

The	O
combination	O
of	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
therapy	O
for	O
this	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
pressure	O
limitation	O
and	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
appear	O
to	O
be	O
of	O
some	O
benefit	O
.	O

Over	O
40	O
years	O
of	O
clinical	O
trials	O
have	O
consistently	O
reported	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
approximately	O
70	O
%	O
of	O
subjects	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Maximal	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
improvement	O
occurs	O
over	O
a	O
wide	O
time	O
frame	O
ranging	O
from	O
several	O
hours	O
to	O
several	O
days	O
.	O

Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
of	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
suggest	O
that	O
PP	O
provides	O
a	O
survival	O
advantage	O
only	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
relatively	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
<	O
150	O
mm	O
Hg	O
).	O

Moreover	O
,	O
survival	O
is	O
enhanced	O
when	O
patients	O
are	O
managed	O
with	O
a	O
smaller	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(≤	O
8	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
),	O
higher	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
10	O
-	O
13	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
),	O
and	O
longer	O
duration	O
of	O
PP	O
sessions	O
(>	O
10	O
-	O
12	O
h	O
/	O
session	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Most	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Korea	O
(	O
outbreak	O
:	O
May	O
11	O
-	O
July	O
4	O
,	O
2015	O
)	O
occurred	O
in	O
hospital	O
settings	O
,	O
with	O
uncertain	O
transmission	O
modes	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
.	O

A	O
29	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
living	O
in	O
Pyeongtaek	O
presented	O
on	O
June	O
16	O
with	O
a	O
febrile	B-PROC
sensation	B-PROC
,	O
chills	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
myalgia	B-DISO
.	O

An	O
epidemiological	O
investigation	O
of	O
all	O
possible	O
infection	B-DISO
routes	O
indicated	O
two	O
likely	O
modes	O
of	O
transmission	O
:	O
exposure	O
to	O
MERS	O
in	O
Pyeongtaek	O
St	O
.	O
Mary	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
during	O
a	O
visit	O
to	O
his	O
hospitalized	O
father	O
(	O
May	O
18	O
-	O
29	O
),	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
through	O
frequent	O
contact	O
with	O
his	O
father	O
between	O
the	O
latter	O
'	O
s	O
referral	O
to	O
Pyeongtaek	O
Good	O
Samaritan	O
Bagae	O
Hospital	O
for	O
treatment	O
without	O
confirmatory	O
diagnosis	O
until	O
his	O
death	O
(	O
May	O
29	O
-	O
June	O
6	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Korea	O
resulted	O
in	O
large	O
socioeconomic	O
losses	O
.	O

This	O
provoked	O
the	O
Korean	O
government	O
and	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
to	O
recognize	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
having	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
established	O
system	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
suggest	O
that	O
governmental	O
authorities	O
in	O
Korea	O
enforce	O
preventive	O
policies	O
,	O
foster	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
highly	O
qualified	O
personnel	O
,	O
and	O
increase	O
investment	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
domain	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
prevention	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
size	O
and	O
location	O
of	O
homogeneous	O
inflamed	O
/	O
noninflamed	O
and	O
inhomogeneous	O
inflamed	O
/	O
noninflamed	O
lung	B-ANAT
compartments	B-ANAT
and	O
their	O
association	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
severity	O
.	O

The	O
inhomogeneous	O
compartment	B-ANAT
with	O
high	O
[(	O
18	O
)	O
F	O
]	O
FDG	O
uptake	O
was	O
preferentially	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
(	O
21	O
±	O
10	O
%	O
versus	O
12	O
±	O
10	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
mostly	O
at	O
the	O
open	O
/	O
closed	O
interfaces	O
and	O
related	O
to	O
recruitability	O
(	O
r	O
(	O
2	O
)=	O
0	O
.	O
53	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O
The	O
homogeneous	O
lung	B-ANAT
compartment	B-ANAT
with	O
normal	O
inflation	O
and	O
[(	O
18	O
)	O
F	O
]	O
FDG	O
uptake	O
decreases	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
severity	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
inhomogeneous	O
poorly	O
/	O
not	O
inflated	O
compartment	B-ANAT
increases	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
introduced	O
the	O
smoothing	O
spline	O
clustering	O
(	O
SSC	O
)	O
method	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
highly	O
variable	O
sites	O
for	O
some	O
sub	O
-	O
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

MRSA	B-DISO
most	O
closely	O
resembled	O
a	O
Type	O
I	O
pathogen	O
.	O

A	O
diffuse	O
comet	B-SPEC
tail	O
sign	O
or	O
a	O
consolidation	O
score	O
≤	O
6	O
and	O
a	O
lung	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
score	O
<	O
25	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
four	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
occurrence	O
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
12	O
-	O
48	O
months	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
019	O
)	O
after	O
the	O
loss	O
was	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
SCI	O
-	O
CG	O
scores	O
.	O

Its	O
course	O
is	O
usually	O
mild	O
and	O
tends	O
to	O
limit	O
itself	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
it	O
can	O
cause	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Owing	O
to	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
the	O
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
Respiratory	O
Intermediate	O
Care	O
.	O

Non	O
-	O
survivors	O
had	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
AAST	O
grade	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
higher	B-PRGE
aspartate	I-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
level	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
lower	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
level	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
associated	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
perioperative	O
complications	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
higher	O
transfusion	O
score	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

Patients	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
grade	O
liver	B-ANAT
trauma	O
who	O
present	O
with	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
associated	O
severe	O
injury	O
should	O
be	O
managed	O
operatively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fat	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
FES	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
clinical	O
manifestation	O
that	O
consists	O
of	O
multiple	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
due	O
to	O
fat	B-DISO
emboli	I-DISO
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
eight	O
(	O
58	O
%)	O
patients	O
had	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
samples	O
,	O
with	O
49	O
virus	B-SPEC
positives	O
detected	O
by	O
either	O
swab	O
(	O
one	O
patient	O
had	O
a	O
dual	O
viral	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
).	O

We	O
provide	O
the	O
first	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
epidemiological	O
analysis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
incidence	O
and	O
outcomes	O
in	O
Asia	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
Genomic	O
Analysis	O
of	O
Classical	O
and	O
Variant	O
Virulent	O
Parental	O
/	O
Attenuated	O
Strains	O
of	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	I-SPEC
Diarrhea	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
to	O
increase	O
vaccine	O
biosafety	O
,	O
we	O
introduced	O
additional	O
attenuating	O
mutations	O
into	O
the	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
report	O
of	O
serious	O
complications	O
associated	O
with	O
measles	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
hospitalized	O
at	O
Shengjing	O
hospital	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
complications	O
such	O
as	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
,	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MODS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
were	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
;	O
in	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
cases	O
were	O
summarized	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Children	O
with	O
measles	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
may	O
experience	O
multiple	O
serious	O
complications	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
are	O
particularly	O
serious	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Because	O
of	O
limitations	O
of	O
the	O
esophageal	O
balloon	O
technique	O
,	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
using	O
esophageal	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
Pes	B-ANAT
)-	O
guided	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
transpulmonary	O
pressure	O
(	O
PL	O
-	O
exp	O
)	O
to	O
maintain	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
in	O
adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
controversial	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
whether	O
tailoring	O
PL	O
-	O
exp	O
to	O
greater	O
than	O
0	O
was	O
enough	O
to	O
maintain	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
.	O

Open	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
OL	O
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
determined	O
by	O
computed	O
tomography	O
,	O
while	O
Pes	B-ANAT
-	O
guided	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
Pes	B-ANAT
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
was	O
to	O
maintain	O
PL	O
-	O
exp	O
greater	O
than	O
0	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
OL	O
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
nonaerated	O
lung	B-ANAT
region	O
was	O
significantly	O
increased	O
at	O
Pes	B-ANAT
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
.	O

Superimposed	O
pressure	O
(	O
SP	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
between	O
the	O
esophageal	O
plane	O
and	O
the	O
dorsal	O
level	O
was	O
higher	O
at	O
Pes	B-ANAT
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
than	O
at	O
OL	O
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
whereas	O
PL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
exp	I-PRGE
at	O
the	O
dorsal	O
level	O
was	O
lower	O
at	O
Pes	B-ANAT
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
than	O
at	O
OL	O
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(-	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
]	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
vs	O
.	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
]	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
surfactant	B-CHED
-	O
depleted	O
model	O
,	O
maintaining	O
PL	O
-	O
exp	O
just	O
greater	O
than	O
0	O
using	O
Pes	B-ANAT
was	O
unable	O
to	O
maintain	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
;	O
this	O
was	O
partly	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
compensation	B-PROC
for	O
the	O
increased	O
SP	O
between	O
the	O
esophageal	O
plane	O
and	O
the	O
dorsal	O
level	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
decarboxylation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
enables	O
effective	O
control	O
of	O
intracranial	O
pressure	O
.	O

Pumpless	O
extracorporeal	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
(	O
pECLA	O
)	O
devices	O
(	O
iLA	B-PRGE
Membrane	I-PRGE
Ventilator	I-PRGE
;	O
Novalung	O
,	O
Heilbronn	O
,	O
Germany	O
)	O
can	O
improve	O
decarboxylation	O
without	O
aggravation	O
associated	O
with	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
effects	O
on	O
ICP	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
volume	O
of	O
daily	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
CSF	B-ANAT
)	O
drainage	B-ANAT
needed	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
set	O
ICP	B-DISO
threshold	O
was	O
compared	O
pre	O
-	O
and	O
postimplant	O
.	O

The	O
volume	O
of	O
daily	O
CSF	B-ANAT
drainage	B-ANAT
needed	O
to	O
maintain	O
ICP	B-DISO
at	O
20	O
mmHg	O
decreased	O
significantly	O
from	O
141	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
103	O
.	O
5	O
ml	O
to	O
62	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
68	O
.	O
1	O
ml	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
037	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
ΔP	O
values	O
after	O
pECLA	O
implantation	B-PROC
decreased	O
from	O
a	O
mean	O
17	O
.	O
1	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
cm	O
/	O
H2O	B-CHED
to	O
11	O
.	O
9	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
cm	O
/	O
H2O	B-CHED
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mortality	O
Predictors	O
in	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Renal	B-ANAT
Transplant	B-ANAT
Recipients	O
With	O
ESKAPE	O
/	O
rESKAPE	O
Pneumonia	O
.	O

Mortality	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
renal	B-ANAT
recipients	O
with	O
ESKAPE	O
/	O
rESKAPE	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
elevated	O
serum	B-COMP
creatinine	B-CHED
level	O
,	O
or	O
depressed	O
febrile	B-PROC
response	O
at	O
ARDS	B-DISO
onset	O
.	O

The	O
independent	O
determinants	O
of	O
mortality	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
renal	B-ANAT
recipients	O
with	O
rESKAPE	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
serum	B-COMP
creatinine	B-CHED
level	O
>	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
(	O
OR	O
13	O
.	O
7	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
142	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
028	O
)	O
and	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
less	O
than	O
38	O
°	O
C	O
(	O
OR	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
26	O
.	O
6	O
)	O
at	O
ARDS	B-DISO
onset	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
035	O
).	O

Traditional	O
models	O
for	O
controlling	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
vector	O
are	O
futile	O
given	O
the	O
rapid	O
pace	O
at	O
which	O
bats	B-SPEC
'	O
habitats	O
are	O
eroded	O
.	O

Eight	O
patients	O
developed	O
LRTI	B-DISO
,	O
four	O
of	O
whom	O
had	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
these	O
four	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
despite	O
receiving	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Evaluation	O
of	O
Some	O
C	O
(	O
3	O
)-	O
Symmetrical	O
Trialkoxy	O
-	O
Substituted	O
1	B-CHED
,	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
5	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
Triazines	I-CHED
and	O
Their	O
Molecular	O
Geometry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
one	O
of	O
our	O
projects	O
,	O
we	O
here	O
report	O
some	O
new	O
molecular	O
modifications	O
of	O
2	B-CHED
,	I-CHED
4	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
6	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
trichloro	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
1	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
5	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
triazine	I-CHED
(	O
TCTAZ	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
to	O
symmetrical	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
trialkoxy	O
-	O
or	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
triaryloxy	O
-	O
substituted	O
1	B-CHED
,	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
5	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
triazine	I-CHED
(	O
TAZ	B-CHED
)	O
molecules	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
herpes	I-PRGE
simplex	I-PRGE
virus	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
anti	O
-	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
)	O
activity	O
evaluation	O
of	O
synthesized	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
trisubstituted	O
TAZ	B-CHED
derivatives	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
report	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
preparation	O
of	O
newly	O
targeted	B-PROC
TAZ	O
derivatives	O
and	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
these	O
trialkoxy	O
-	O
substituted	O
TAZ	O
derivatives	O
and	O
related	O
compounds	O
.	O

Subset	O
analyses	O
identified	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
as	O
an	O
additional	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
(	O
rs1024611	O
;	O
OR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
79	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
72	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
88	O
]).	O

Similar	O
behavior	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
tracer	B-CHED
gas	B-ENZY
,	O
particle	O
experiments	O
,	O
and	O
flight	B-PROC
infection	B-DISO
data	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

NIRFI	O
signals	O
were	O
correlated	O
with	O
inflammatory	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
biochemical	O
markers	O
of	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
studies	O
showed	O
an	O
elevated	O
lung	B-ANAT
expression	B-PROC
of	O
alphavbeta5	B-PRGE
integrin	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
,	O
12	O
h	O
post	O
-	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1beta	I-PRGE
instillation	O
.	O

We	O
categorized	O
81	O
eligible	O
patients	O
into	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
coinfection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
infectious	B-DISO
groups	O
.	O

CAT	B-PRGE
score	O
was	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
LOS	O
.	O

The	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
hypokalemia	O
definitely	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
complex	O
arrhythmias	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
overall	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
rate	O
was	O
not	O
significantly	O
different	O
in	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
50	O
%,	O
50	O
%	O
and	O
56	O
%,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
25	O
).	O

A	O
multiple	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
age	O
,	O
sequential	O
organ	B-ANAT
function	O
assessment	O
score	O
and	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
ICU	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
ARDS	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
and	O
ICU	O
-	O
acquired	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
8	O
±	O
10	O
,	O
4	O
±	O
8	O
,	O
and	O
3	O
±	O
6	O
days	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
3002	O
patients	O
screened	O
,	O
296	O
patients	O
had	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
70	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
83	O
(	O
28	O
%)	O
with	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
143	O
(	O
48	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
with	O
ICU	O
-	O
acquired	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
ORF3	I-PRGE
encodes	O
an	O
ion	O
channel	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
Vero	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
that	O
stably	O
expresses	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
ORF3	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
index	O
case	O
was	O
a	O
35	O
-	O
yr	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
who	O
had	O
vigorous	O
coughing	B-DISO
while	O
staying	O
at	O
the	O
ER	O
for	O
58	O
hr	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
neurogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
known	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
injury	O
reported	O
incidence	O
is	O
more	O
than	O
20	O
%	O
in	O
isolated	O
upper	O
cervical	B-ANAT
spinal	O
injury	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
high	O
spinal	O
AVM	O
rupture	O
presenting	O
as	O
SM	O
,	O
NPE	O
,	O
and	O
neurogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
There	O
were	O
many	O
important	O
additions	O
to	O
the	O
critical	O
care	O
pharmacotherapy	O
literature	O
in	O
2014	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
joint	B-ANAT
guideline	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
AF	O
and	O
reports	O
of	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
still	O
among	O
the	O
leading	O
causes	O
of	O
death	O
worldwide	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
persistence	O
,	O
emergence	O
,	O
and	O
reemergence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
based	O
virtual	O
screening	O
and	O
experimental	O
validation	O
of	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
targeted	O
towards	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
NP	O
),	O
an	O
essential	O
RNA	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
viral	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
replication	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
.	O

Fluorescence	O
titration	O
and	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystallography	O
studies	O
indicated	O
that	O
H3	O
antagonizes	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
between	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
NP	O
and	O
RNA	O
by	O
interacting	O
with	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
NP	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
detection	O
rate	O
of	O
single	O
MMPs	O
-	O
and	O
duplex	O
MMPs	O
-	O
based	O
duplex	O
UNDP	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
identical	O
,	O
with	O
29	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
for	O
PCV2	O
,	O
9	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
for	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
and	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
for	O
PCV2	O
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
mixed	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Using	O
a	O
molecular	O
cDNA	O
infectious	B-DISO
clone	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
corresponding	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
show	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
such	O
point	B-PROC
mutation	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
creates	O
a	O
functional	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
between	O
the	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
portions	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

While	O
the	O
corresponding	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
retained	O
its	O
neuroinvasive	O
properties	O
,	O
this	O
mutation	O
led	O
to	O
decreased	O
neurovirulence	O
while	O
potentially	O
modifying	O
the	O
mode	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
spread	O
,	O
likely	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
limited	O
dissemination	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

They	O
are	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
pseudocyclic	O
backbone	B-ANAT
with	O
two	O
to	O
four	O
prolines	O
and	O
three	O
disulfides	B-CHED
arranged	O
in	O
a	O
knotted	O
motif	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
strategic	O
early	O
therapeutic	O
approach	O
on	O
ICU	O
admission	O
might	O
try	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
progress	O
of	O
the	O
acute	O
disease	O
towards	O
chronic	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)-	O
CoV	O
underscores	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
events	O
leading	O
to	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Evaluation	O
of	O
available	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
immune	O
-	O
therapeutic	O
and	O
prophylactic	O
modalities	O
revealed	O
poor	O
efficacy	O
;	O
both	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
vaccine	O
approaches	O
failed	O
to	O
neutralize	O
and	O
protect	O
from	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
CoVs	O
using	O
the	O
novel	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Our	O
work	O
suggests	O
a	O
potential	O
risk	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
from	O
viruses	B-SPEC
currently	O
circulating	O
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
populations	O
.	O

The	O
recent	O
outbreak	O
of	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
led	O
to	O
1	O
338	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
in	O
26	O
countries	O
worldwide	O
as	O
reported	O
till	O
19	O
June	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

Enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
often	O
susceptible	O
to	O
environmental	O
stresses	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
responsible	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
have	O
recently	O
caused	O
increasing	O
concern	O
of	O
contact	O
transmission	O
during	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
rapid	O
inactivation	B-DISO
,	O
irreversible	O
destruction	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
,	O
and	O
massive	O
structural	O
damage	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
exposed	O
to	O
copper	B-CHED
and	O
copper	B-CHED
alloy	O
surfaces	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
,	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
and	O
deep	B-DISO
venous	B-ANAT
thrombosis	I-DISO
were	O
identified	O
based	O
on	O
imaging	O
results	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Flexible	O
bronchoscopy	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
appropriate	O
care	O
during	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
significantly	O
affect	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
particularly	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Immediately	O
following	O
the	O
insertion	O
of	O
the	O
bronchoscope	O
into	O
the	O
tracheal	O
tube	O
,	O
either	O
minute	O
ventilation	O
decreased	O
significantly	O
,	O
or	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
increased	O
substantially	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
the	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
limit	O
.	O

The	O
increase	O
in	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
equivalent	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
was	O
significantly	O
altered	O
during	O
the	O
procedure	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
twenty	O
cats	B-SPEC
met	B-CHED
the	O
inclusion	O
criteria	O
.	O

Neoplasia	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
six	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
%).	O

Because	O
of	O
the	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
young	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
uveitis	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
evaluated	O
for	O
hyperglobulinemia	O
and	O
FCoV	O
serology	O
should	O
be	O
performed	O
as	O
minimal	O
diagnostics	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
APC	B-COMP
capable	O
of	O
activating	O
SR	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
both	O
draining	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
and	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
temporally	O
correlating	O
with	O
overt	O
demyelination	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
applied	O
no	O
language	O
constraints	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
reran	O
the	O
searches	O
in	O
CENTRAL	O
,	O
MEDLINE	O
,	O
EMBASE	O
,	O
CINAHL	O
and	O
LILACS	B-SPEC
in	O
June	O
2015	O
.	O

Reporting	O
of	O
arrhythmias	B-DISO
was	O
reduced	O
with	O
PP	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
RR	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
64	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
47	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
87	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
disease	O
outbreaks	O
and	O
epidemics	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
due	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
measles	B-PATH
,	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
have	O
raised	O
concern	O
about	O
the	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
of	O
pathogens	O
in	O
indoor	O
environments	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
viral	O
RNA	O
does	O
not	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
infectious	B-DISO
.	O

Six	O
oleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
injured	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
ventilated	O
at	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
0	O
and	O
10	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
before	O
and	O
after	O
a	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
=	O
20	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
).	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
six	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
were	O
ventilated	O
with	O
three	O
strategies	O
(	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
/	O
PEEP	B-CHED
:	O
20	O
/	O
8	O
,	O
32	O
/	O
8	O
,	O
and	O
32	O
/	O
20	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
).	O

In	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
,	O
recruitment	B-DISO
caused	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
dynamic	O
strain	O
(	O
from	O
[	O
mean	O
±	O
SD	O
]	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
12	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
25	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
07	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
while	O
increasing	O
the	O
static	O
component	O
.	O

A	O
79	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
women	O
was	O
hospitalized	O
complaining	O
of	O
right	O
eyelid	B-DISO
swelling	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
hyperemia	B-DISO
and	O
purulent	O
conjunctival	B-DISO
discharge	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
eye	I-ANAT
.	O

Because	O
diffusion	O
-	O
weighted	O
magnetic	O
resonance	O
imaging	O
(	O
MRI	O
)	O
findings	O
demonstrated	O
right	O
optic	B-DISO
neuritis	I-DISO
and	O
ventriculitis	B-DISO
,	O
enucleation	B-PROC
of	O
her	O
right	B-ANAT
eye	I-ANAT
was	O
performed	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
pyogenic	O
ventriculitis	O
via	O
the	O
optic	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Severe	O
bacterial	B-DISO
endophthalmitis	I-DISO
may	O
cause	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
infection	B-DISO
via	O
the	O
optic	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
evidence	O
supporting	O
a	O
bat	B-ENZY
/	O
camel	B-SPEC
origin	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
current	O
knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
modes	O
of	O
camel	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
from	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
mimic	O
to	O
an	O
aza	O
-	O
decaline	O
scaffold	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
reveal	O
two	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
complexed	O
with	O
two	O
new	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
based	O
on	O
our	O
previous	O
work	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
starting	O
from	O
a	O
substrate	O
mimic	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
design	O
for	O
a	O
central	O
scaffold	O
for	O
a	O
low	O
molecular	O
weight	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
was	O
evaluated	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
further	O
potent	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
.	O

[(	O
18	O
)	O
F	O
]-	O
FDG	O
uptake	O
is	O
increased	O
in	O
activated	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
response	B-PROC
to	I-PROC
virus	I-PROC
entry	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
localized	O
by	O
PET	O
imaging	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Intra	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
complicating	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
three	O
patients	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

No	O
surgical	O
interventions	O
were	O
taken	O
to	O
relieve	O
abdominal	B-DISO
compartment	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Monitoring	O
intraabdominal	O
pressure	O
is	O
a	O
valuable	O
adjunct	O
to	O
decision	O
making	O
while	O
caring	O
for	O
these	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

33	O
out	O
of	O
81	O
interactions	O
were	O
identified	O
by	O
BiFC	O
,	O
much	O
more	O
than	O
that	O
identified	O
by	O
the	O
yeast	B-SPEC
two	O
-	O
hybrid	O
(	O
Y2H	O
)	O
system	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
rapid	O
de	O
novo	O
assembly	O
of	O
the	O
novel	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H7N9	O
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
directly	O
from	O
the	O
tracheal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
of	O
a	O
patient	O
using	O
semiconductor	O
sequencer	O
without	O
culture	O
and	O
prior	O
sequence	O
information	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Glial	B-ANAT
response	O
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
microglial	B-ANAT
response	O
was	O
present	O
only	O
in	O
severe	O
lesions	O
,	O
and	O
RCA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
was	O
detected	O
primarily	O
in	O
gitter	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
resting	B-ANAT
microglia	B-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
An	O
important	O
astrocytic	B-ANAT
response	O
in	O
many	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
of	O
all	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
the	O
periventricular	O
areas	O
of	O
lateral	B-ANAT
ventricles	I-ANAT
and	O
fourth	B-ANAT
ventricle	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
molecular	B-ANAT
layer	I-ANAT
of	I-ANAT
the	I-ANAT
cerebellum	I-ANAT
and	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
cortex	I-ANAT
,	O
was	O
visualized	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Kinetics	O
of	O
Serologic	O
Responses	O
to	O
MERS	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
in	O
Humans	B-SPEC
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Delayed	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
with	O
the	O
neutralization	O
test	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

Full	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
showed	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
be	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
strains	O
reported	O
from	O
North	O
America	O
,	O
showing	O
a	O
sequence	O
identity	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
99	O
.	O
8	O
%.	O

Concurrent	O
hepatobiliary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
/	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
was	O
noted	O
in	O
43	O
patients	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
total	O
;	O
18	O
-	O
75	O
years	O
old	O
;	O
47	O
%	O
women	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
several	O
infectious	O
agents	O
with	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
potential	O
have	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
different	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
initial	O
studies	O
,	O
the	O
tetrahydroisoquinoline	O
compounds	O
demonstrate	O
sub	O
-	O
nanomolar	O
activity	O
in	O
a	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
pseudotype	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
assay	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
initial	O
screen	O
for	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
.	O

The	O
region	O
of	O
sequence	O
containing	O
the	O
S	O
gene	O
was	O
unique	O
in	O
grouping	O
all	O
turkey	B-SPEC
and	O
guinea	B-SPEC
fowl	I-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
together	O
,	O
separating	O
them	O
from	O
IBVs	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
dissemination	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
two	O
areas	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
regions	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
swine	B-SPEC
density	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
(	O
Southeast	O
and	O
Midwest	O
)	O
including	O
more	O
than	O
2400	O
farms	O
.	O

The	O
protocol	O
outlined	O
here	O
represents	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
reliable	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
high	O
-	O
titre	O
pseudotype	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
with	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
on	O
a	O
lentiviral	O
core	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
adapted	O
from	O
previously	O
published	O
protocols	O
.	O

This	O
protocol	O
has	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
advantages	O
including	O
:•	O
Use	O
of	O
readily	O
available	O
reagents	B-CHED
.•	O
Consistent	O
,	O
high	O
virus	B-SPEC
titres	O
.•	O
Rapid	O
generation	O
of	O
novel	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
for	O
research	O
into	O
strain	O
variation	O
.	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
PED	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

PED	O
in	O
locally	O
-	O
exposed	O
farms	O
was	O
associated	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
with	O
increased	O
farm	O
size	O
(	O
in	O
100	O
pig	B-SPEC
increments	O
),	O
shorter	O
distances	O
to	O
the	O
closest	O
PED	O
-	O
positive	O
farm	O
(	O
less	O
than1	O
,	O
001m	O
),	O
and	O
a	O
disinfectant	B-CHED
contact	O
time	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
20min	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
4	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
conventional	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
PEDV	B-SPEC
Iowa106	O
(	O
4	O
pig	B-SPEC
litters	O
)	O
to	O
study	O
its	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

All	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
Iowa106	O
-	O
and	O
the	O
original	O
US	O
PC21A	O
-	O
inoculated	O
piglets	O
developed	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

Two	O
of	O
four	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
Iowa106	O
-	O
infected	O
sows	O
and	O
the	O
original	O
PC21A	O
-	O
infected	O
sow	O
showed	O
anorexia	B-DISO
and	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
for	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
days	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
almost	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
remains	O
unaware	O
that	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
the	O
most	O
likely	O
sources	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
emitted	O
by	O
naturally	O
-	O
infected	O
hosts	B-COMP
in	O
a	O
healthcare	O
setting	O
.	O

This	O
pilot	O
study	O
highlights	O
the	O
feasibility	O
and	O
importance	O
of	O
conducting	B-PROC
a	O
larger	O
-	O
scale	O
study	O
to	O
identify	O
determinants	O
of	O
exposure	O
and	O
transmission	O
from	O
patient	O
to	O
HCW	O
.	O

This	O
suggests	O
that	O
there	O
may	O
clinically	O
meaningful	O
differences	O
between	O
patients	O
with	O
less	O
and	O
more	O
severe	O
INH	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
further	O
refinement	O
of	O
the	O
grades	O
0	O
to	O
4	O
AIS	B-DISO
INH	O
severity	O
should	O
be	O
subjected	O
to	O
additional	O
investigation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Controversies	O
in	O
the	O
Management	O
of	O
Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O

PEEP	B-CHED
titration	O
using	O
transpulmonary	O
pressure	O
estimations	O
assisted	O
by	O
esophageal	O
manometry	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
result	O
in	O
a	O
substantial	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
increasingly	O
since	O
the	O
mid	O
-	O
2000s	O
in	O
part	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
H1N1	O
epidemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
11	O
respiratory	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
in	O
Riyadh	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

The	O
children	O
all	O
fit	B-DISO
the	O
defined	O
clinical	O
criteria	O
for	O
febrile	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
epilepsy	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
;	O
all	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
normal	O
psychomotor	B-PROC
development	I-PROC
who	O
presented	O
with	O
acute	O
-	O
onset	O
catastrophic	O
partial	O
status	B-DISO
epilepticus	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
a	O
febrile	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
or	O
unspecific	O
infectious	B-DISO
process	I-DISO
.	O

Ketogenic	B-PROC
diet	O
was	O
initiated	O
in	O
four	O
of	O
seven	O
patients	O
with	O
limited	O
response	O
.	O

Febrile	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
epilepsy	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
devastating	O
epilepsy	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
of	O
childhood	O
without	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
biologic	O
marker	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmission	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
MERS	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
:	O
the	O
possible	O
role	O
of	O
dry	O
surface	O
contamination	O
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
implications	O
include	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
and	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
to	O
minimize	O
self	O
-	O
contamination	O
and	O
to	O
protect	O
against	O
inoculation	O
of	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
surfaces	O
and	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
enhanced	O
surface	O
cleaning	O
and	O
disinfection	O
in	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
Peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
Distribution	O
in	O
the	O
Human	B-SPEC
Respiratory	B-ANAT
Tract	I-ANAT
:	O
Implications	O
for	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
.	O

DPP4	B-PRGE
was	O
also	O
found	O
in	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
mononuclear	B-ANAT
leukocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
in	O
serous	O
cells	B-COMP
of	O
submucosal	O
glands	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
speculate	O
that	O
the	O
preferential	O
spatial	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
regions	O
may	O
explain	O
why	O
MERS	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
disease	O
.	O

Preventing	O
ARDS	O
as	O
a	O
severe	O
complication	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
surgery	O
setting	O
may	O
help	O
to	O
reduce	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Especially	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
low	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
,	O
avoiding	O
of	O
fluid	B-DISO
overload	I-DISO
and	O
restrictive	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
regimes	O
may	O
help	O
to	O
prevent	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Assessments	O
of	O
viral	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
RNA	O
levels	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
showed	O
that	O
both	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
impaired	B-DISO
in	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
replicate	O
in	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
A	O
serious	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
young	O
patient	O
should	O
raise	O
suspicion	O
of	O
silicone	O
embolism	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
cutaneous	O
lesions	O
compatible	O
with	O
injections	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sensitivity	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
to	O
pH	O
and	O
heat	O
treatment	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
or	O
absence	O
of	O
porcine	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Retrospective	O
testing	O
and	O
case	O
series	O
study	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
delta	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
swine	B-SPEC
herds	O
.	O

The	O
average	O
number	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
on	O
each	O
operation	O
exhibiting	O
clinical	O
signs	O
(	O
morbidity	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
average	O
number	O
of	O
case	O
fatalities	O
was	O
greatest	O
for	O
suckling	O
and	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
confirmed	O
influenza	B-DISO
cases	O
varied	O
from	O
1	O
,	O
210	O
in	O
2009	O
/	O
10	O
to	O
321	O
in	O
2011	O
/	O
12	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
unrelated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
including	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
share	O
the	O
same	O
seasonality	O
,	O
since	O
these	O
viral	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
vARIs	O
)	O
are	O
much	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
winter	O
than	O
summer	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
advances	O
in	O
management	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
several	O
decades	O
,	O
sepsis	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
still	O
remain	O
major	O
clinical	O
challenges	O
and	O
the	O
leading	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
for	O
patients	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICUs	O
)	O
due	O
to	O
insufficient	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathophysiological	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
these	O
diseases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genomic	O
and	O
evolutionary	O
inferences	O
between	O
American	O
and	O
global	O
strains	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
determined	O
the	O
complete	O
genomes	O
of	O
93	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
field	O
samples	O
from	O
US	O
swine	B-SPEC
and	O
analyzed	O
the	O
data	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequences	O
available	O
from	O
GenBank	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
126	O
)	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
most	O
variable	O
genomic	O
areas	O
.	O

These	O
finding	O
suggest	O
that	O
significant	O
genetic	O
events	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
region	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
cause	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SAH	B-CHED
by	O
using	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
monitoring	O
with	O
PiCCO	O
-	O
plus	O
pulse	B-PROC
contour	O
analysis	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
(	O
Days	O
1	O
-	O
5	O
after	O
SAH	B-CHED
),	O
the	O
daily	O
water	B-PROC
balance	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
PE	O
group	O
was	O
slightly	O
positive	O
.	O

Despite	O
improving	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
the	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
multisystem	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
on	O
day	O
38	O
of	O
ECMO	O
treatment	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
managed	O
with	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Dembo	O
-	O
PCR	O
simultaneously	O
detects	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
19	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
-	O
causing	O
pathogens	O
,	O
including	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
and	O
protozoa	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
8	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
collected	O
from	O
6	O
diarrheic	O
cattle	B-SPEC
,	O
1	O
diarrheic	O
calf	B-ANAT
and	O
1	O
healthy	O
cow	B-SPEC
,	O
were	O
tested	O
using	O
Dembo	O
-	O
PCR	O
to	O
validate	O
the	O
assay	O
'	O
s	O
clinical	O
performance	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
pairwise	O
comparison	O
and	O
nucleotide	O
similarity	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
recombination	B-PROC
breakpoint	O
was	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
nsp14	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
at	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
17055	O
-	O
17083	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
also	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
replicase	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LGX	O
/	O
130530	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
viral	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
pretreatment	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
imatinib	B-CHED
increased	O
lung	B-PRGE
catalase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
and	O
decreased	O
intravenous	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
oxidant	B-CHED
injury	O
as	O
measured	O
by	O
γ	O
-	O
H2AX	B-PRGE
,	O
a	O
marker	O
of	O
oxidant	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
DNA	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
apoptosis	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

Spleen	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
from	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
chicken	B-SPEC
that	O
had	O
been	O
immunized	O
with	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
plasmid	O
,	O
pV	O
-	O
S1	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
stimulated	O
by	O
the	O
synthesized	O
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

Four	O
epitopes	O
(	O
P8SRIQTATDP	O
,	O
P9SRNATGSQP	O
,	O
P18GAYAVVNV	O
,	O
and	O
P19SRIQTATQP	O
)	O
were	O
identified	O
to	O
stimulate	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
secretion	B-PROC
,	O
indicating	O
their	O
efficacy	O
as	O
CTL	B-ANAT
epitopes	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
to	O
screen	O
virus	B-SPEC
CTL	B-ANAT
epitopes	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
and	O
to	O
develop	O
poly	O
-	O
CTL	B-ANAT
-	O
epitope	B-CHED
DNA	O
vaccines	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
biochemical	O
alterations	O
of	O
the	O
lipid	B-CHED
composition	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
investigated	O
as	O
possible	O
contributing	O
factors	O
to	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
MA	O
-	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Chickens	B-SPEC
primed	O
or	O
primed	O
and	O
boosted	O
with	O
a	O
Massachusetts	O
(	O
Mass	O
)-	O
type	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
were	O
subsequently	O
challenged	O
with	O
either	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Arkansas	O
(	O
Ark	O
)	O
or	O
GA13	O
-	O
type	O
virulent	O
strains	O
.	O

This	O
makes	O
it	O
increasingly	O
difficult	O
to	O
prevent	O
and	O
control	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
,	O
despite	O
routine	O
vaccination	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
commercial	O
poultry	O
,	O
backyard	O
poultry	O
and	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
birds	B-SPEC
may	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
'	O
hub	O
'	O
for	O
ACoV	O
transmission	O
within	O
a	O
particular	O
area	O
.	O

These	O
birds	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
spreading	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
either	O
to	O
areas	O
of	O
close	O
proximity	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
remote	O
places	O
via	O
migration	B-PROC
and	O
trade	O
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
ORF4b	O
antagonizes	O
the	O
early	O
antiviral	B-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
)	O
response	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
significantly	O
contribute	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
underlying	O
mechanism	O
is	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

Further	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
ORF4b	O
could	O
also	O
inhibit	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
and	O
IRF7	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
production	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
,	O
whereas	O
deletion	O
of	O
the	O
nuclear	O
localization	B-PROC
signal	O
of	O
ORF4b	O
abrogated	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
inhibit	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
and	O
IRF7	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
production	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
,	O
but	O
not	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
induced	O
by	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
,	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
,	O
MAVS	B-PRGE
,	O
IKKε	O
,	O
and	O
TBK	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
ORF4b	O
could	O
inhibit	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
in	O
both	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
and	O
nucleus	B-COMP
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
ORF4b	O
antagonizes	O
the	O
early	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
antagonism	O
mechanism	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
ORF4b	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Plant	B-SPEC
molecular	O
farming	O
(	O
PMF	O
),	O
defined	O
as	O
the	O
practice	O
of	O
using	O
plants	O
to	O
produce	O
human	B-SPEC
therapeutic	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
has	O
received	O
worldwide	O
interest	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
are	O
a	O
reservoir	O
for	O
a	O
diverse	O
range	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
).	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
fragment	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
)	O
gene	O
,	O
phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
show	O
that	O
alpha	O
-	O
CoVs	O
sequences	O
detected	O
in	O
French	O
bats	B-SPEC
are	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
other	O
European	O
bat	B-ENZY
alpha	O
-	O
CoVs	O
.	O

Phylogeographic	O
analyses	O
of	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
sequences	O
show	O
that	O
several	O
CoVs	O
strains	O
circulate	O
in	O
European	O
bats	B-SPEC
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
old	O
strains	O
detected	O
that	O
have	O
probably	O
diverged	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
ago	O
and	O
are	O
detected	O
in	O
different	O
bat	B-ENZY
subspecies	O
;	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
strains	O
detected	O
in	O
Myotis	O
and	O
Pipistrellus	B-SPEC
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
more	O
recently	O
diverged	O
.	O

Fifteen	O
articles	O
conformed	O
to	O
the	O
inclusion	O
and	O
exclusion	O
criteria	O
for	O
further	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
publications	O
searched	O
from	O
databases	O
involving	O
PubMed	O
,	O
EMBASE	O
,	O
Web	O
of	O
Science	O
,	O
Medline	O
,	O
ISI	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
viruses	O
in	O
chronic	B-DISO
rhinosinusitis	I-DISO
(	O
CRS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

In	O
part	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
secondary	O
to	O
difficulty	O
in	O
isolating	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
traditional	O
detection	O
methods	O
for	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
had	O
little	O
clinical	O
utility	O
,	O
modern	O
viral	O
screening	O
techniques	O
that	O
use	O
molecular	O
sequencing	O
are	O
now	O
both	O
rapid	O
and	O
feasible	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
paranasal	B-ANAT
sinus	I-ANAT
microbiome	O
more	O
accessible	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
more	O
commonly	O
isolated	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
CRS	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
healthy	O
controls	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
may	O
play	O
a	O
greater	O
role	O
in	O
symptom	B-DISO
exacerbation	O
in	O
CRSsNP	O
than	O
in	O
CRSwNP	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
Factors	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Outbreak	O
as	O
a	O
Public	O
Health	O
Crisis	O
in	O
Korea	O
and	O
Future	O
Response	O
Strategies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
outbreak	O
has	O
originated	O
from	O
a	O
failure	O
in	O
the	O
national	O
quarantine	O
system	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
as	O
most	O
basic	O
role	O
of	O
protecting	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
lives	O
of	O
its	O
citizens	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
(	O
hereafter	O
Korea	O
)	O
began	O
on	O
May	O
11	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
186	O
persons	O
have	O
been	O
infected	O
by	O
the	O
MERS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
38	O
of	O
whom	O
have	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
pork	O
consumers	O
who	O
experienced	O
reduced	O
-	O
supply	O
-	O
induced	O
pork	O
-	O
price	O
increases	O
were	O
likely	O
harmed	O
directly	O
by	O
higher	O
prices	O
paid	O
for	O
pork	O
and	O
indirectly	O
as	O
prices	O
of	O
competing	O
meats	O
were	O
also	O
likely	O
strengthened	O
by	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Further	O
,	O
the	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
,	O
helper	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
(	O
CTL	B-ANAT
)	O
epitopes	O
were	O
screened	O
and	O
mapped	O
to	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
initial	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
in	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
but	O
its	O
utility	O
is	O
unclear	O
,	O
and	O
persistence	O
in	O
those	O
who	O
do	O
not	O
improve	O
may	O
delay	O
intubation	O
and	O
lead	O
to	O
adverse	O
outcomes	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
a	O
difficult	O
task	O
since	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
marked	O
variability	O
regarding	O
the	O
methodology	O
of	O
the	O
few	O
,	O
large	O
epidemiological	O
,	O
and	O
observational	O
studies	O
on	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
current	O
evidence	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
that	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
overall	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
has	O
not	O
changed	O
substantially	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
decade	O
.	O

Current	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
of	O
combined	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
reported	O
in	O
observational	O
studies	O
is	O
greater	O
than	O
40	O
%.	O

During	O
the	O
first	O
5	O
days	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
therapy	O
,	O
prothrombin	B-PRGE
fragment	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
F1	B-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
36	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
µM	I-PRGE
),	O
thrombin	B-PRGE
-	O
antithrombin	B-PRGE
complex	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
50	O
µg	O
/	O
L	O
),	O
and	O
D	O
-	O
dimers	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
00	O
-	O
27	O
.	O
0	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
)	O
increased	O
,	O
whereas	O
fibrinogen	B-COMP
values	O
dropped	O
from	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
to	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
g	O
/	O
L	O
.	O
The	O
three	O
different	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
systems	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
any	O
differences	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
hemostasis	B-PROC
,	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
,	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
inflammatory	O
parameters	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
5	O
days	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
therapy	O
.	O

Over	O
time	O
,	O
miniaturized	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
therapy	O
increasingly	O
activates	O
coagulation	B-PROC
.	O

It	O
remains	O
unknown	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
how	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
evades	O
respiratory	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
to	O
establish	O
a	O
systemic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
spatiotemporal	O
interactions	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
DC	O
network	O
in	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
and	O
highlights	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
,	O
while	O
these	O
innate	O
cells	B-COMP
contribute	O
to	O
viral	O
clearance	O
,	O
they	O
probably	O
also	O
serve	O
as	O
shelters	O
and	O
vehicles	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
mechanism	O
for	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
escape	O
host	B-COMP
mucosal	B-ANAT
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
and	O
disseminate	O
systemically	O
.	O

ACP	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
in	O
164	O
of	O
the	O
752	O
patients	O
(	O
prevalence	O
of	O
22	O
%;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
19	O
-	O
25	O
%).	O

Hospital	O
mortality	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
between	O
patients	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
ACP	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ACP	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
patients	O
[	O
31	O
/	O
54	O
(	O
57	O
%)	O
vs	O
.	O
291	O
/	O
698	O
(	O
42	O
%);	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
].	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
22	O
%	O
prevalence	O
of	O
ACP	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
poor	O
outcome	O
of	O
severe	O
ACP	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenicity	O
and	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
elevated	O
apoptosis	B-PROC
and	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
lethal	O
systemic	B-DISO
granulomatous	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
called	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
which	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
fatal	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
worldwide	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
FIPV	O
M	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
complex	O
with	O
dual	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
zinc	B-CHED
ion	I-CHED
and	O
a	O
Michael	O
acceptor	B-CHED
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
have	O
the	O
largest	O
genome	O
size	O
among	O
all	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
causes	O
various	O
diseases	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Accidental	O
inhalation	B-PROC
of	O
powder	O
is	O
a	O
potential	O
problem	O
for	O
infants	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Critical	O
Assessment	O
of	O
the	O
Important	O
Residues	O
Involved	O
in	O
the	O
Dimerization	O
and	O
Catalysis	O
of	O
MERS	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Main	O
Protease	O
.	O

Studies	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
are	O
necessary	O
and	O
urgent	O
.	O

One	O
mutation	O
,	O
M298R	O
,	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
stable	O
dimer	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
activity	O
than	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
enzyme	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Plasma	B-ANAT
angiopoietin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
outperforms	O
other	O
markers	O
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
prognosticating	O
pediatric	O
ARDS	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
complex	I-PRGE
(	O
PRDC	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
health	O
concerns	O
for	O
pig	B-SPEC
producers	O
and	O
can	O
involve	O
multiple	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
three	O
different	O
strategies	O
for	O
managing	O
the	O
trade	O
-	O
off	O
between	O
increasing	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
and	O
reducing	O
tidal	O
volume	O
while	O
attempting	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
(	O
PaCO2	O
)	O
constant	O
on	O
a	O
computational	O
simulator	O
configured	O
with	O
ARDS	O
patient	O
datasets	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
overlap	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
on	O
severity	O
of	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Overlap	B-DISO
syndromes	I-DISO
are	O
more	O
likely	O
have	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
compared	O
to	O
only	O
COPD	B-DISO
during	O
AECOPD	O
.	O

Acute	O
upper	O
airway	O
obstruction	O
by	O
food	O
led	O
to	O
transient	O
cardiac	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
negative	O
pressure	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
(	O
NPPH	O
)	O
occurred	O
1	O
hour	O
after	O
the	O
foreign	O
body	B-ANAT
obstruction	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cerebral	O
edema	O
(	O
CE	O
)	O
and	O
non	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
(	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
complications	O
of	O
diabetic	B-DISO
ketoacidosis	I-DISO
(	O
DKA	O
).	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
CE	O
complicating	O
DKA	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
primarily	O
reported	O
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
rarely	O
described	O
in	O
this	O
age	O
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
an	O
economically	O
devastating	O
enteric	O
disease	O
in	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
in	O
sows	O
infected	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
the	O
presence	O
of	O
effector	B-CHED
/	O
memory	B-ANAT
B	I-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
response	O
and	O
strong	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
titers	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
up	O
to	O
6	O
months	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
suggests	O
their	O
potential	O
to	O
protect	O
sows	O
from	O
reinfection	O
and	O
provide	O
maternal	O
immunity	B-PROC
to	O
neonates	O
,	O
but	O
challenge	O
studies	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
confirm	O
such	O
responses	O
.	O

As	O
part	O
of	O
prerelease	O
health	O
protocols	O
,	O
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
29	O
parrots	B-SPEC
on	O
three	O
different	O
occasions	O
while	O
in	O
captivity	O
and	O
once	O
after	O
their	O
release	B-PATH
.	O

Patients	O
meeting	O
the	O
American	O
-	O
European	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
definition	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
were	O
considered	O
for	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

At	O
12	O
-	O
36	O
hours	O
after	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
onset	O
,	O
patients	O
were	O
assessed	O
under	O
standardized	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
(	O
FIO2	O
≥	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
≥	O
10	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
).	O

Mortality	O
at	O
day	O
-	O
60	O
(	O
29	O
%	O
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
approach	O
vs	O
.	O
33	O
%	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Network	O
protocol	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
18	O
,	O
log	O
rank	O
test	O
),	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
(	O
25	O
%	O
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
approach	O
vs	O
.	O
30	O
%	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
network	O
protocol	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
53	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
exact	O
test	O
),	O
and	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
(	O
8	O
[	O
0	O
-	O
20	O
]	O
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
approach	O
vs	O
.	O
7	O
[	O
0	O
-	O
20	O
]	O
d	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
network	O
protocol	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
53	O
Wilcoxon	O
rank	O
test	O
)	O
were	O
not	O
significantly	O
different	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
established	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
approach	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
driving	O
pressure	O
,	O
without	O
detrimental	O
effects	O
on	O
mortality	O
,	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
,	O
or	O
barotrauma	O
.	O

Paricalcitol	B-CHED
treatment	O
partially	O
inhibited	O
these	O
pathological	O
changes	O
in	O
WT	O
mice	B-SPEC
by	O
maintaining	O
the	O
mRNA	B-CHED
and	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
of	O
occludin	B-PRGE
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
and	O
ZO	O
‑	O
1	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

A	O
lack	O
of	O
VDRs	O
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
barrier	O
appeared	O
to	O
compromise	O
its	O
defense	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
more	O
severe	O
LPS	O
‑	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
vitamin	B-CHED
D	I-CHED
treatment	O
alleviated	O
LPS	O
‑	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
preserved	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
barrier	O
function	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
in	O
Nigeria	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
14	O
(	O
11	O
%)	O
of	O
132	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
126	O
(	O
96	O
%)	O
of	O
131	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
.	O

Our	O
studies	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
downregulated	O
Cx43	O
expression	B-PROC
at	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
mRNA	B-CHED
levels	O
in	O
vitro	O
in	O
primary	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
obtained	O
from	O
neonatal	O
mouse	O
brains	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
leads	O
to	O
the	O
downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
Cx43	B-PRGE
in	O
vivo	O
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

Here	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
pathologic	O
findings	O
,	O
and	O
diagnosis	O
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
using	O
an	O
FIPV3	O
-	O
70	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
of	O
systemic	O
coronaviral	O
disease	O
in	O
5	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
,	O
2	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
strictly	O
laboratory	O
-	O
housed	O
;	O
the	O
remaining	O
3	O
were	O
referred	O
from	O
veterinary	O
private	O
practices	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Co	O
-	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
three	O
camel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
and	O
recombination	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoVs	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Camels	B-SPEC
therefore	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
reservoir	O
for	O
the	O
maintenance	O
and	O
diversification	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoVs	O
and	O
are	O
the	O
source	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
with	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infections	B-DISO
have	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
ongoing	O
outbreak	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
was	O
fueled	O
by	O
multiple	O
zoonotic	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
introductions	O
from	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
modified	O
vaccinia	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
Ankara	O
(	O
MVA	B-CHED
)	O
vaccine	O
expressing	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
confers	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

During	O
the	O
late	O
clinical	O
phase	O
of	O
MERS	O
,	O
viable	O
virus	B-SPEC
could	O
be	O
isolated	O
in	O
3	O
of	O
the	O
4	O
enrolled	O
patients	O
on	O
day	O
18	O
to	O
day	O
25	O
after	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
state	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
the	O
-	O
art	O
biodegradable	O
polymer	B-CHED
,	O
poly	O
(	O
β	O
-	O
amino	O
ester	B-CHED
),	O
colloidally	O
stable	O
sub	O
-	O
100	O
nm	O
DNA	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
are	O
engineered	O
with	O
a	O
nonadhesive	O
polyethylene	B-CHED
glycol	I-CHED
corona	B-CHED
that	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
adhesive	O
and	O
steric	O
hindrances	O
imposed	O
by	O
the	O
extracellular	B-COMP
matrix	I-COMP
.	O

These	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
provide	O
a	O
biodegradable	O
DNA	O
nanoparticle	B-CHED
platform	O
enabling	O
uniform	O
transgene	O
expression	B-PROC
patterns	O
in	O
vivo	O
and	O
hold	O
promise	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
neurological	O
diseases	O
.	O

We	O
compare	O
the	O
environmental	O
breadth	O
of	O
conditions	O
under	O
which	O
cases	O
have	O
reported	O
camel	B-SPEC
contacts	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
broader	O
population	O
of	O
all	O
cases	O
,	O
to	O
assess	O
whether	O
camel	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
cases	O
occur	O
under	O
a	O
more	O
restricted	O
set	O
of	O
environmental	O
circumstances	O
.	O

Use	O
of	O
either	O
proning	O
or	O
high	O
-	O
PEEP	B-CHED
likely	O
improves	O
survival	O
in	O
moderate	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
;	O
the	O
role	O
for	O
both	O
concomitantly	O
remains	O
unknown	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
also	O
effectively	O
infect	O
human	B-SPEC
primary	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
induce	O
massive	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
these	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
cellular	B-COMP
actin	B-PRGE
cytoskeleton	I-ANAT
presents	O
a	O
barrier	O
that	O
must	O
be	O
overcome	O
by	O
many	O
viruses	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
increasingly	O
apparent	O
many	O
viral	O
species	B-SPEC
have	O
developed	O
a	O
diverse	O
repertoire	O
of	O
mechanisms	O
to	O
hijack	O
cellular	B-COMP
actin	B-PRGE
-	O
regulating	O
signalling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
as	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
processes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multiorgan	O
WU	B-SPEC
Polyomavirus	I-SPEC
Infection	O
in	O
Bone	B-ANAT
Marrow	I-ANAT
Transplant	B-ANAT
Recipient	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
WUPyV	O
as	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogen	O
remains	O
unclear	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
clearly	O
demonstrate	O
evidence	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
in	O
this	O
patient	O
.	O

Questionnaires	O
were	O
mailed	O
to	O
38	O
emergency	B-DISO
facilities	O
that	O
agreed	O
to	O
participate	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
ingestion	O
of	O
products	O
containing	O
glyphosate	B-CHED
isopropylamine	B-CHED
or	O
ammonium	B-CHED
salts	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
polyoxyethyleneamine	O
(	O
POEA	B-CHED
)	O
as	O
a	O
surfactant	B-CHED
,	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	O
organ	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

During	O
September	O
2014	O
-	O
January	O
2015	O
,	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
38	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
was	O
reported	O
from	O
4	O
healthcare	O
facilities	O
in	O
Taif	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
;	O
21	O
of	O
the	O
38	O
case	O
-	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

Further	O
investigation	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
animal	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
2003	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
less	O
than	O
10	O
years	O
later	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
to	O
cross	O
species	B-SPEC
boundaries	O
and	O
further	O
highlights	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
identifying	O
novel	O
lead	B-CHED
compounds	I-CHED
with	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
activity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Glucose	B-CHED
-	I-ENZY
6	I-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
Phosphate	B-CHED
Dehydrogenase	I-ENZY
Enhances	O
Antiviral	B-PROC
Response	I-PROC
through	O
Downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
NADPH	B-CHED
Sensor	I-PRGE
HSCARG	I-PRGE
and	O
Upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
Signaling	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Glucose	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
phosphate	B-CHED
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
G6PD	B-PRGE
)-	O
deficient	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
highly	O
susceptible	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Molecular	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
promoter	O
activities	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
MX1	B-PRGE
were	O
downregulated	O
in	O
G6PD	B-ENZY
-	O
knockdown	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
IκB	O
degradation	O
and	O
DNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
activity	O
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
were	O
decreased	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
diagnostics	O
,	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
transmission	O
.	O

Precisely	O
how	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmits	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
remains	O
unknown	O
but	O
close	O
and	O
lengthy	O
exposure	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
requirement	O
.	O

The	O
KSA	O
is	O
the	O
focal	O
point	O
of	O
MERS	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
.	O

When	O
the	O
xiamycins	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
on	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
xiamycin	O
D	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
showed	O
the	O
strongest	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
on	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
(	O
EC50	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
93	O
μM	O
)	O
with	O
low	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
(	O
CC50	O
=	O
56	O
.	O
03	O
μM	O
),	O
thus	O
displaying	O
a	O
high	O
selective	O
index	O
(	O
60	O
.	O
31	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
transgenic	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
globally	O
expressing	O
codon	O
-	O
optimized	O
human	B-PRGE
dipeptidyl	I-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
hDPP4	O
),	O
the	O
receptor	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
After	O
intranasal	O
inoculation	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
rapidly	O
developed	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
multi	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
with	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
being	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
on	O
day	O
5	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
and	O
brains	B-ANAT
on	O
day	O
9	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
characterizes	O
the	O
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
upon	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
this	O
hDPP4	O
-	O
expressing	O
transgenic	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
will	O
be	O
applicable	O
for	O
studying	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
investigating	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
vaccines	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
designed	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
subjects	O
received	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
and	O
1	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
d	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
infusion	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
ante	O
-	O
mortem	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
in	O
clinical	O
cases	O
is	O
still	O
challenging	O
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
usefulness	O
of	O
the	O
sequencing	O
step	O
including	O
FCoV	O
-	O
RNA	O
-	O
positive	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
and	O
without	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
the	O
received	O
data	O
sets	O
,	O
three	O
employed	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
-	O
developed	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
and	O
the	O
others	O
applied	O
various	O
commercial	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
kits	O
.	O

The	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
functions	I-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patents	O
largely	O
returned	O
to	O
normal	O
after	O
10	O
years	O
of	O
convalescence	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
damage	O
was	O
characterized	O
by	O
diffusing	O
and	O
restrictive	O
ventilatory	O
dysfunctions	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
five	O
percent	O
of	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
neuromuscular	O
blockade	O
,	O
10	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
received	O
inhaled	B-PROC
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vasodilators	O
,	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
was	O
initiated	O
in	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
%.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
level	O
was	O
elevated	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
fluid	O
of	O
ALI	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Management	O
of	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
could	O
modulate	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
reflected	O
by	O
the	O
total	O
cell	B-COMP
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
counts	O
,	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
chemokines	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
.	O

Most	O
of	O
the	O
specimens	O
were	O
sputum	B-ANAT
(	O
73	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

We	O
conducted	O
histologic	O
analysis	O
and	O
immunofluorescence	O
(	O
IF	O
)	O
staining	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
antigens	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
TUNEL	O
assay	O
in	O
singly	O
or	O
serially	O
cut	O
tissue	B-ANAT
sections	O
from	O
the	O
small	O
and	O
large	O
intestines	B-ANAT
of	O
four	O
,	O
11	O
-	O
to	O
14	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
gnotobiotic	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
inoculated	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
8	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
11	O
.	O
0log10	O
genomic	O
equivalents	O
(	O
GE	O
)	O
of	O
US	O
PDCoV	O
strains	O
OH	O
-	O
FD22	O
or	O
OH	O
-	O
FD100	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
),	O
or	O
mock	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
).	O

Of	O
the	O
scenarios	O
,	O
flexible	O
intermediate	O
bulk	O
containers	O
"("""	O
feed	O
totes	O
""")"	O
used	O
to	O
transport	B-PROC
bulk	O
feed	O
serving	O
as	O
fomites	O
for	O
movement	B-PROC
of	O
PED	O
virus	B-SPEC
provided	O
the	O
simplest	O
explanation	O
for	O
the	O
accumulated	O
findings	O
of	O
the	O
investigation	O
.	O

WD	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
beef	O
cattle	B-SPEC
herds	O
of	O
tropical	O
countries	O
.	O

Other	O
enteric	O
microorganisms	O
occasionally	O
identified	O
in	O
adult	O
cattle	O
and	O
evaluated	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
such	O
as	O
bovine	B-SPEC
groups	O
A	O
,	O
B	O
,	O
and	O
C	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
viral	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
torovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
aichivirus	O
B	O
,	O
and	O
Eimeria	B-SPEC
sp	O
.	O
were	O
not	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

Old	O
age	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
occurrence	O
of	O
AKI	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
(	O
HR	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
]:	O
1	O
.	O
069	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
013	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
128	O
],	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
016	O
)	O
and	O
remained	O
a	O
significant	O
predictor	O
of	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
AKI	O
after	O
adjustment	O
for	O
comorbidities	O
and	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
a	O
mechanical	O
ventilator	O
.	O

Diabetes	B-DISO
,	O
AKI	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
a	O
continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
(	O
CRRT	O
)	O
were	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
mortality	O
in	O
the	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
(	O
HR	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
]:	O
diabetes	B-DISO
;	O
10	O
.	O
133	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
692	O
-	O
60	O
.	O
697	O
],	O
AKI	O
;	O
12	O
.	O
744	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
418	O
-	O
114	O
.	O
565	O
],	O
CRRT	O
;	O
10	O
.	O
254	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
626	O
-	O
64	O
.	O
666	O
],	O
respectively	O
).	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
renal	B-ANAT
complications	O
and	O
their	O
prognosis	O
in	O
30	O
Korean	O
patients	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

Our	O
estimate	O
of	O
R	O
0	O
for	O
the	O
South	O
Korea	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
nosocomial	O
outbreak	O
further	O
highlights	O
the	O
importance	O
and	O
the	O
risk	O
involved	O
in	O
cluster	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
superspreading	O
events	O
in	O
crowded	O
settings	O
such	O
as	O
hospitals	O
.	O

Although	O
TLS	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
disseminated	O
ARMS	B-DISO
,	O
this	O
singular	B-CHED
case	O
of	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
respiratory	O
deterioration	O
developing	O
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
chemotherapy	O
presented	O
unique	O
therapeutic	O
dilemmas	O
.	O

While	O
the	O
disease	O
was	O
seldom	O
reported	O
in	O
Europe	O
within	O
the	O
last	O
few	O
decades	O
,	O
a	O
few	O
recent	O
reports	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
of	O
PED	B-PRGE
in	O
German	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
.	O

The	O
hitherto	O
isolated	O
German	O
strain	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
low	O
pathogenic	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
variant	O
from	O
the	O
USA	O
.	O

Gastrointestinal	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
among	O
fattening	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
generally	O
mild	O
,	O
quickly	O
resolving	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
lead	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
Austria	O
.	O

The	O
viruses	B-SPEC
strains	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
cases	O
in	O
Korea	O
and	O
the	O
imported	O
case	O
in	O
China	O
show	O
no	O
significant	O
variation	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
strains	O
isolated	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

These	O
pipelines	O
were	O
implemented	O
and	O
detected	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
sequence	O
in	O
the	O
sample	O
that	O
the	O
ECBC	O
iterative	O
analysis	O
previously	O
failed	O
to	O
identify	O
.	O

After	O
that	O
,	O
interactions	O
between	O
GM	O
changes	O
and	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
alterations	O
were	O
investigated	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
correlation	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
displayed	O
decreased	O
GM	O
volume	O
,	O
mainly	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
bilateral	O
frontal	O
cortices	O
,	O
bilateral	O
anterior	B-ANAT
cingulate	I-ANAT
cortex	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
left	O
supplementary	O
motor	B-ANAT
area	I-ANAT
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
false	O
discovery	O
rate	O
-	O
corrected	O
).	O

We	O
obtained	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
urine	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
exhaled	B-PROC
breath	B-ANAT
condensate	O
samples	O
.	O

Nine	O
(	O
31	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
also	O
reported	O
asthma	B-PATH
-	O
like	O
symptoms	O
on	O
questionnaire	O
.	O

Hydroxyurea	B-CHED
therapy	O
might	O
lessen	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
AHR	B-PRGE
in	O
affected	O
individuals	O
.	O

Among	O
MCT	B-ENZY
positive	O
subjects	O
,	O
those	O
on	O
hydroxyurea	B-CHED
had	O
significantly	O
less	O
severe	O
AHR	O
as	O
quantified	O
by	O
PC20	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
014	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
the	O
isolation	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	B-SPEC
which	O
is	O
much	O
closer	O
to	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
than	O
others	O
previously	O
reported	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
its	O
S	O
gene	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
monitoring	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Ireland	O
is	O
important	O
as	O
the	O
current	O
isolates	O
in	O
circulation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
south	O
of	O
Ireland	O
may	O
be	O
diverging	O
from	O
the	O
available	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
have	O
implications	O
regarding	O
future	O
BCoV	O
vaccine	O
efficacy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Postobstructive	O
pulmonary	O
edema	O
(	O
POPE	B-CHED
),	O
sudden	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
after	O
upper	B-DISO
airway	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
,	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
disease	O
entity	O
for	O
pediatric	O
emergency	B-DISO
physicians	O
to	O
recognize	O
and	O
initiate	O
prompt	O
treatment	O
.	O

Type	O
1	O
POPE	B-CHED
occurs	O
after	O
a	O
sudden	O
,	O
severe	O
upper	B-DISO
airway	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
type	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
POPE	I-PRGE
develops	O
after	O
acute	O
relief	O
of	O
chronic	O
airway	B-ANAT
obstructive	O
.	O

Type	O
2	O
POPE	B-CHED
should	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
presenting	O
with	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
and	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
sleep	B-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lipid	B-CHED
-	O
Mediated	O
Targeting	B-PROC
with	O
Membrane	B-COMP
-	O
Wrapped	O
Nanoparticles	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
Presence	O
of	O
Corona	B-CHED
Formation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Membrane	B-COMP
-	O
wrapped	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
represent	O
a	O
versatile	O
platform	O
for	O
utilizing	O
specific	O
lipid	B-CHED
-	O
receptor	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
,	O
such	O
as	O
siallyllactose	O
-	O
mediated	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
ganglioside	B-PRGE
GM3	I-PRGE
to	O
Siglec1	B-PRGE
(	O
CD169	B-PRGE
),	O
for	O
targeting	B-PROC
purposes	O
.	O

We	O
characterize	O
nonspecific	O
protein	B-CHED
adsorption	O
(	O
corona	B-CHED
formation	B-PROC
)	O
to	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
wrapped	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
with	O
core	O
diameters	O
of	O
approximately	O
35	O
and	O
80	O
nm	O
and	O
its	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
GM3	B-CHED
-	O
mediated	O
targeting	B-PROC
efficacy	O
as	O
a	O
function	O
of	O
surface	O
charge	O
through	O
combined	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
studies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
2012	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-ANAT
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
similar	O
in	O
marmosets	B-SPEC
and	O
macaques	B-SPEC
.	O

Together	O
,	O
the	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaque	I-SPEC
and	O
common	B-SPEC
marmoset	I-SPEC
models	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
span	O
the	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
disease	O
severity	O
reported	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
will	O
aid	O
in	O
investigating	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
disease	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
commentary	O
highlights	O
the	O
article	O
by	O
Ng	O
et	O
al	O
,	O
emphasizing	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
autopsies	O
to	O
better	O
model	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
common	O
causes	O
for	O
poor	O
outcome	O
were	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
and	O
refractory	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
atypical	O
manifestations	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
are	O
no	O
more	O
a	O
rare	O
entity	O
.	O

Clinicians	O
should	O
have	O
a	O
high	O
index	O
of	O
suspicion	O
and	O
vigilance	O
for	O
atypical	O
manifestations	O
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
as	O
lack	O
of	O
timely	O
detection	O
and	O
management	O
could	O
be	O
fatal	O
.	O

Impaired	B-DISO
consciousness	I-DISO
was	O
the	O
most	O
ominous	O
atypical	O
manifestation	O
of	O
severe	O
dengue	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
common	O
causes	O
for	O
poor	O
outcome	O
were	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
and	O
refractory	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
effects	O
of	O
indirubin	O
derivatives	O
on	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
human	B-SPEC
pulmonary	B-ANAT
microvascular	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

H9N2	O
infection	O
rapidly	O
triggered	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
through	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
signaling	B-CHED
molecules	I-CHED
including	O
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinases	I-PRGE
(	O
MAPKs	O
)	O
and	O
signal	B-PRGE
transducer	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
activator	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
(	O
STAT	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
study	O
the	O
genetic	O
factors	O
that	O
regulate	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
transmission	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
molecular	O
clone	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
PC22A	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
diarrheic	O
scores	O
in	O
icPEDV	O
-	O
ΔORF3	O
-	O
RFP	B-CHED
-	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
or	O
icPEDV	O
-	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
formed	O
smaller	O
plaques	B-DISO
than	O
those	O
of	O
PC22A	O
.	O

We	O
reported	O
previously	O
that	O
myeloid	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
express	O
significantly	O
higher	O
basal	O
levels	O
of	O
OAS	B-DISO
transcripts	O
than	O
nonmyeloid	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

However	O
,	O
ns2	B-DISO
(	O
H126R	O
)	O
failed	O
to	O
induce	O
RNase	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
activation	O
in	O
BMM	O
treated	O
with	O
IFNAR1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
blocking	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
Ifnar1	O
(-/-)	O
BMM	O
,	O
both	O
expressing	O
low	O
basal	O
levels	O
of	O
Oas	B-DISO
genes	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
activation	O
of	O
RNase	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
does	O
not	O
require	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
IFN	B-PRGE
but	O
rather	O
correlates	O
with	O
adequate	O
levels	O
of	O
basal	O
Oas	B-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
,	O
maintained	O
by	O
basal	O
IFN	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
macro	O
domains	O
from	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
other	O
human	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
revealed	O
structural	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
α1	O
helix	O
alters	O
how	O
the	O
conserved	O
Asp	B-CHED
-	O
20	O
interacts	O
with	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
and	O
may	O
explain	O
the	O
efficient	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
macro	O
domain	O
to	O
ADP	O
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
presence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
Canine	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Respiratory	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
Complex	O
(	O
CIRDC	O
)	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
in	O
5	O
Canadian	O
small	O
animal	B-SPEC
clinics	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
Implications	O
of	O
5	O
Cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
South	O
Korean	O
Outbreak	O
.	O

A	O
shorter	O
incubation	O
period	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
disease	O
and	O
greater	O
risk	O
of	O
mortality	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
predicted	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
our	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
,	O
laboratory	O
and	O
histopathological	O
findings	O
confirmed	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
damage	O
of	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
membrane	B-COMP
in	O
a	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Heterologous	O
live	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
in	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
commercial	O
broiler	O
chicks	O
:	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
ciliary	O
health	O
,	O
immune	O
responses	O
and	O
protection	O
against	O
variant	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Significantly	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
Mass2	O
+	O
793B2	O
-	O
vaccinated	O
group	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
groups	O
(	O
subscripts	O
indicate	O
different	O
manufacturers	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
caused	O
devastating	O
impact	O
on	O
pig	B-SPEC
-	O
rearing	O
industry	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
current	O
vaccine	O
is	O
not	O
effective	O
against	O
the	O
circulating	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
variants	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Abdominal	B-ANAT
Muscle	I-ANAT
Activity	O
during	O
Mechanical	O
Ventilation	O
Increases	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
in	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
It	O
has	O
proved	O
that	O
muscle	B-ANAT
paralysis	O
was	O
more	O
protective	O
for	O
injured	O
lung	B-ANAT
in	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
but	O
the	O
precise	O
mechanism	O
is	O
not	O
clear	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
variables	O
,	O
end	O
-	O
expiratory	O
volume	O
(	O
EELV	O
)	O
and	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
were	O
assessed	O
during	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Abdominal	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
activity	O
during	O
mechanically	O
ventilation	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
injurious	O
factors	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
so	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
paralysis	O
might	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
strategy	O
to	O
minimize	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induce	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Mortality	O
associated	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
rescue	O
therapies	O
and	O
Berlin	O
'	O
s	O
stratification	O
for	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
considered	O
.	O

Co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
caused	O
significantly	O
higher	O
rates	O
of	O
breathing	B-DISO
difficulties	I-DISO
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
than	O
those	O
of	O
single	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
involved	O
participants	O
and	O
data	O
from	O
an	O
existing	O
program	O
called	O
the	O
Swine	B-SPEC
Health	O
Monitoring	O
Project	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
,	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
diagnostic	O
reports	O
,	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
time	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
herd	O
to	O
produce	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
PCR	O
negative	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
production	O
loss	O
.	O

The	O
pathophysiological	O
causes	O
are	O
:	O
the	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
pressure	O
gradients	O
in	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
capillaries	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
impaired	B-DISO
membrane	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
alveolocapillary	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
impaired	B-DISO
lymphatic	B-ANAT
drainage	B-ANAT
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
publication	O
of	O
the	O
ARDSNet	O
study	O
and	O
adoption	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
,	O
the	O
mortality	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
has	O
continued	O
to	O
remain	O
high	O
.	O

This	O
technology	O
has	O
evolved	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
couple	O
of	O
decades	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
noted	O
to	O
be	O
safe	O
and	O
successful	O
,	O
especially	O
during	O
the	O
worldwide	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
pandemic	O
with	O
good	O
survival	O
rates	O
.	O

Critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
children	O
aged	O
from	O
2	O
months	O
to	O
18	O
years	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

Of	O
380	O
children	O
,	O
53	O
children	O
(	O
14	O
%)	O
had	O
AKI	O
(	O
met	B-CHED
any	O
of	O
the	O
RIFLE	O
criteria	O
).	O

Significant	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
AKI	B-PRGE
following	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
were	O
:	O
age	O
1	O
-	O
5	O
,	O
PRISM	O
score	O
(>	O
10	O
)	O
at	O
admission	O
,	O
shock	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
hypo	O
-	O
albuminaemia	O
and	O
multi	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
pathogens	O
in	O
piglets	O
alone	O
does	O
not	O
determine	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
episodes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Herein	O
,	O
we	O
disclose	O
a	O
general	O
and	O
flexible	O
access	O
to	O
spirocyclopropyl	O
oxindoles	O
by	O
a	O
domino	O
Michael	O
/	O
intramolecular	O
nucleophilic	O
substitution	O
pathway	B-PROC
with	O
variously	O
substituted	O
vinyl	B-CHED
selenones	O
and	O
enolizable	O
oxindoles	O
in	O
aqueous	O
sodium	B-CHED
hydroxide	I-CHED
solution	O
.	O

Rapid	O
and	O
strong	O
stiffening	O
of	O
primary	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
was	O
induced	O
within	O
30	O
minutes	O
(	O
mean	O
ET	O
>	O
50	O
seconds	O
)	O
by	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
compared	O
with	O
both	O
the	O
healthy	O
subjects	O
and	O
the	O
ACPE	O
groups	O
(	O
mean	O
ET	O
<	O
1	O
second	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
stiffening	O
with	O
blocking	B-DISO
antibodies	B-COMP
might	O
inspire	O
future	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
.	O

(	O
5	O
)	O
There	O
were	O
16	O
hospitalized	O
cases	O
with	O
single	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
HCoVs	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
12	O
cases	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
3	O
cases	O
developed	O
acute	O
laryngeal	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
,	O
2	O
cases	O
had	O
acute	O
bronchial	B-DISO
asthma	B-PATH
attack	O
.	O

(	O
6	O
)	O
There	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
(	O
including	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
gasping	B-DISO
,	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
abnormality	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
),	O
complications	O
(	O
including	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
myocardial	O
damage	O
,	O
and	O
acute	O
bronchial	B-DISO
asthma	B-PATH
attack	O
)	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
between	O
hospitalized	O
ALRTI	O
patients	O
with	O
single	O
HCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
193	O
patients	O
with	O
single	O
RSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
same	O
period	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
of	O
the	O
children	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
pandemic	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
2009	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
did	O
not	O
differ	O
significantly	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
children	O
infected	O
with	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
CCoV	O
prevalence	O
in	O
diarrheic	O
dogs	B-SPEC
differed	O
significantly	O
with	O
immunization	O
status	O
,	O
regions	O
,	O
seasons	O
,	O
and	O
ages	O
.	O

The	O
26	B-PRGE
CCoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IIa	I-PRGE
strains	O
showed	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
reference	O
strains	O
from	O
China	O
and	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
Mated	B-PROC
Female	O
Nonproductive	O
Days	O
in	O
Breeding	B-PROC
Herd	O
after	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	B-DISO
Diarrhea	I-DISO
Virus	I-SPEC
Outbreak	O
.	O

Impacts	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
reproductive	B-PROC
performance	O
were	O
more	O
severe	O
in	O
pregnant	O
gilts	O
than	O
in	O
sows	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
Neutralizing	O
Monoclonal	O
Antibody	B-COMP
Against	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	I-SPEC
Diarrhea	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
S1	O
Protein	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
specifically	O
reacted	O
with	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
rS1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
as	O
proven	O
by	O
Western	O
blot	O
and	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
functional	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
ELR	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
chemokine	I-PRGE
CXCL1	I-PRGE
in	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
and	O
disease	O
following	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
with	O
the	O
neurotropic	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
JHMV	O
)	O
was	O
examined	O
.	O

A	O
further	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
CBP	B-PRGE
degradation	O
by	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
was	O
proteasome	B-PATH
-	O
dependent	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Deciphering	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Evolution	B-PROC
in	O
Dromedary	B-SPEC
Camels	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
recent	O
study	O
provides	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
transmission	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hajj	O
-	O
associated	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
systematic	O
review	O
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
were	O
never	O
isolated	O
in	O
Hajj	O
pilgrims	O
.	O

The	O
viruses	B-SPEC
most	O
commonly	O
isolated	O
from	O
symptomatic	O
patients	O
during	O
the	O
Hajj	O
by	O
PCR	O
were	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
5	O
.	O
9	O
-	O
48	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
prevalence	O
),	O
followed	O
by	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
13	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
MERS	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
13	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
with	O
most	O
infections	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
229E	O
;	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
less	O
frequently	O
isolated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viruses	O
spread	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
across	O
wide	O
geographical	O
areas	O
in	O
short	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
time	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
recent	O
evidence	O
of	O
sea	O
transport	B-PROC
accelerating	O
influenza	B-DISO
or	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spread	O
to	O
new	O
areas	O
.	O

Lentiviral	O
and	O
rhabdoviral	O
pseudotypes	O
are	O
excellent	O
tools	O
for	O
studying	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
many	O
recent	O
advances	O
in	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
receptor	O
usage	O
,	O
viral	O
entry	O
and	O
serology	O
.	O

They	O
also	O
allow	O
the	O
initial	O
characterization	O
of	O
aspects	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
such	O
as	O
cellular	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
for	O
difficult	O
to	O
culture	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Simultaneously	O
,	O
P	O
(	O
tcCO2	O
)	O
was	O
measured	O
using	O
a	O
digital	B-ANAT
monitor	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
molecular	O
arms	B-DISO
race	O
between	O
host	B-COMP
innate	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
emerging	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
the	O
counter	B-CHED
-	O
measures	O
evolved	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
MERS	O
coronaviruses	O
to	O
circumvent	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
are	O
also	O
dissected	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
guideline	O
has	O
been	O
drafted	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
experiences	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
in	O
the	O
South	O
Korean	O
hospitals	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
recent	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
and	O
on	O
domestic	O
and	O
international	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
guidelines	O
.	O

To	O
ensure	O
efficient	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
,	O
care	O
should	O
be	O
taken	O
to	O
provide	O
comprehensive	O
infection	O
control	O
measures	O
including	O
contact	O
control	O
,	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
,	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
,	O
disinfection	O
,	O
and	O
environmental	O
cleaning	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mucolipidosis	B-DISO
(	O
ML	O
)	O
II	O
alpha	O
/	O
beta	O
is	O
an	O
autosomal	B-COMP
recessive	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
reduced	O
enzyme	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
of	O
N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylglucosamine	I-CHED
-	O
1	O
-	O
phosphotransferase	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogen	O
related	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
vitro	O
studies	O
indicate	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
may	O
have	O
a	O
broad	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
suggesting	O
an	O
increased	O
pandemic	O
potential	O
.	O

Genetic	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
evidence	O
indicate	O
camels	B-SPEC
serve	O
as	O
a	O
reservoir	O
for	O
MERS	O
virus	B-SPEC
but	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
cross	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
is	O
unclear	O
and	O
many	O
questions	O
remain	O
regarding	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
to	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Deep	O
sequencing	O
data	O
was	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
nasal	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
three	O
camels	B-SPEC
that	O
had	O
been	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
isolate	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
context	O
,	O
this	O
present	O
review	O
summarizes	O
a	O
large	O
body	B-ANAT
of	O
evidence	O
implicating	O
miRNAs	O
and	O
their	O
target	O
molecules	O
in	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
originating	O
largely	O
from	O
studies	O
using	O
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
model	O
systems	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
have	O
also	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
miRNAs	O
in	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
polarization	O
,	O
which	O
play	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
regulating	O
the	O
pathogenesis	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
review	O
of	O
published	O
literature	O
and	O
summarized	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
summarized	O
the	O
virological	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
reviewed	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
used	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
vaccination	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
tested	O
against	O
it	O
.	O

While	O
position	O
720	O
is	O
variable	O
in	O
camel	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
selective	O
event	O
does	O
not	O
represent	O
a	O
specific	O
adaptation	B-PROC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
R911C	O
substitution	O
was	O
observed	O
only	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
viral	O
strain	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
recent	O
South	O
Korean	O
outbreak	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
ORF1a	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
ORF1b	I-PRGE
in	O
lineage	O
C	O
betaCoVs	O
and	O
in	O
87	O
sequenced	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
.	O

Several	O
selected	O
sites	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
located	O
in	O
functionally	O
relevant	O
protein	B-CHED
regions	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
corresponded	O
to	O
functional	O
mutations	O
in	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

S	O
-	O
MB	O
DATK	O
is	O
an	O
active	O
mimic	O
of	O
native	O
SP	O
-	O
B	O
.	O
Synthetic	O
surfactants	B-CHED
containing	O
S	O
-	O
MB	O
DATK	O
(	O
or	O
related	O
peptides	B-CHED
)	O
combined	O
with	O
lipids	B-CHED
appear	O
to	O
have	O
significant	O
future	O
potential	O
for	O
treating	O
clinical	O
states	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
deficiency	O
or	O
dysfunction	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
neonatal	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndromes	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
despite	O
diminished	O
germinal	B-ANAT
center	I-ANAT
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
follicular	B-ANAT
helper	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
draining	O
lymph	B-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
,	O
ASC	O
in	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
were	O
intact	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
CXCL13	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
compare	O
the	O
discrepancy	O
between	O
the	O
new	O
(	O
2012	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
old	O
(	O
1992	O
)	O
Atlanta	B-SPEC
classification	O
criteria	O
for	O
defining	O
severity	O
,	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
local	O
complications	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
AP	O
).	O

Multi	O
-	O
factor	O
scoring	O
system	O
and	O
single	O
serum	B-COMP
marker	O
were	O
recorded	O
and	O
calculated	O
using	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
database	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Radiologic	O
findings	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
MERS	O
),	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
rarely	O
reported	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
30	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
presented	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
who	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
MERS	O
.	O

The	O
compound	O
was	O
also	O
an	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
RNase	B-FUNC
H	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
of	O
wild	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
HIV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
RT	I-PRGE
,	O
although	O
we	O
observed	O
a	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
fold	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
IC50	O
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
the	O
prototypic	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
group	O
M	O
subtype	O
B	O
enzyme	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
four	O
major	O
epitope	B-CHED
regions	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
:	O
a	O
CO	O
-	O
26K	O
equivalent	O
(	O
COE	O
)	O
domain	O
,	O
SS2	B-PRGE
and	O
SS6	O
epitopes	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
epitope	B-CHED
region	O
recognized	O
by	O
the	O
2C10	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
complete	O
spike	O
gene	O
sequences	O
from	O
the	O
seven	O
strains	O
revealed	O
that	O
they	O
clustered	O
within	O
the	O
G2	O
group	O
but	O
were	O
distantly	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
North	O
American	O
and	O
INDELs	O
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
antibody	B-COMP
neutralization	O
assay	O
and	O
shRNA	O
knockdown	O
experiments	O
indicated	O
a	O
vital	O
role	O
of	O
vimentin	B-COMP
in	O
cell	B-COMP
binding	B-FUNC
and	O
uptake	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
VLPs	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
viral	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
host	B-COMP
intracellular	I-COMP
filamentous	O
cytoskeletal	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
vimentin	B-COMP
was	O
identified	O
by	O
immunoprecipitation	O
and	O
LC	O
-	O
MS	O
/	O
MS	O
analysis	O
following	O
chemical	O
cross	O
-	O
linking	O
on	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
were	O
pre	O
-	O
incubated	O
with	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
DIA	B-CHED
showed	O
9	O
.	O
41	O
%	O
higher	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
15	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
higher	O
specificity	O
than	O
the	O
clinical	O
sign	O
determination	O
method	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
moderately	O
severe	O
AP	O
died	B-PROC
during	O
their	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
stay	O
vs	O
.	O
29	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
with	O
severe	O
AP	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
049	O
).	O

By	O
the	O
single	O
factor	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
following	O
lab	O
data	O
in	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
group	O
were	O
found	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
survival	O
group	O
:	O
S	O
-	O
ChE	O
levels	O
(	O
kU	O
/	O
L	O
:	O
2	O
.	O
748	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
826	O
vs	O
.	O
4	O
.	O
489	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
360	O
,	O
t	O
'	O
=	O
7	O
.	O
274	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
[	O
PaO2	O
(	O
mmHg	O
,	O
1	O
mmHg	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
133	O
kPa	O
):	O
52	O
.	O
55	O
±	O
18	O
.	O
29	O
vs	O
.	O
60	O
.	O
83	O
±	O
16	O
.	O
65	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
196	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
031	O
],	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
mmHg	O
:	O
114	O
.	O
20	O
±	O
48	O
.	O
01	O
vs	O
.	O
167	O
.	O
10	O
±	O
69	O
.	O
68	O
,	O
t	O
'	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
229	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
and	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
combining	O
power	O
[	O
CO2	B-CHED
-	O
CP	O
(	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
):	O
22	O
.	O
85	O
±	O
5	O
.	O
44	O
vs	O
.	O
26	O
.	O
00	O
±	O
7	O
.	O
63	O
,	O
t	O
'	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
225	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
029	O
].	O

The	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
specificity	O
,	O
positive	O
predictive	O
value	O
and	O
negative	O
predictive	O
value	O
in	O
predicting	O
death	B-PROC
risk	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
(	O
80	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
78	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
76	O
.	O
19	O
%	O
and	O
81	O
.	O
82	O
%),	O
(	O
95	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
70	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
73	O
.	O
08	O
%	O
and	O
94	O
.	O
12	O
%)	O
and	O
(	O
70	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
91	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
87	O
.	O
50	O
%,	O
77	O
.	O
78	O
%),	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Can	O
lung	B-ANAT
ultrasonography	O
predict	O
prone	O
positioning	O
response	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
?	O

The	O
latter	O
was	O
assessed	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
12	O
hours	O
6	O
different	O
ultrasonography	O
windows	O
were	O
performed	O
on	O
each	O
hemithorax	B-ANAT
before	O
prone	O
(	O
H0	O
,	O
H2	O
,	O
H12	O
before	O
return	O
to	O
supine	O
and	O
at	O
H14	B-ANAT
(	O
2	O
hours	O
after	O
return	O
to	O
supine	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Association	O
of	O
each	O
lung	B-ANAT
region	O
aspect	O
to	O
PP	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
response	O
was	O
compared	O
between	O
the	O
2	O
groups	O
.	O

At	O
12	O
months	O
following	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
,	O
89	O
patients	O
(	O
66	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
who	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
had	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

BLAST	B-ANAT
search	O
for	O
motifs	O
M1	O
-	O
M6	O
revealed	O
that	O
M3	O
-	O
M5	O
were	O
almost	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
strain	O
ZMDZY	O
identified	O
in	O
2011	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
while	O
M1	O
and	O
M2	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
other	O
Chinese	O
strains	O
isolated	O
in	O
2011	O
-	O
2012	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
perspective	O
on	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
H7N9	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Compared	O
with	O
H1N1	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
it	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
H7N9	O
virus	B-SPEC
induced	O
higher	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CRP	B-PRGE
,	O
leading	O
to	O
cytokine	O
storms	O
.	O

And	O
likewise	O
,	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
,	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
had	O
1	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
9	O
cases	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Besides	O
,	O
OI	O
was	O
a	O
predictive	O
protection	O
factor	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
lactic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
EVLWI	O
and	O
PVPI	O
were	O
risk	O
factors	O
.	O

EVLWI	O
,	O
PVPI	O
were	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
illness	O
;	O
EVLWI	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
forecasting	O
ARDS	B-DISO
death	B-PROC
,	O
jointing	B-ANAT
EVLWI	O
with	O
PVPI	O
could	O
improve	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
death	B-PROC
forecasting	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
EVLWI	O
,	O
PVPI	O
were	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
illness	O
;	O
EVLWI	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
forecasting	O
ARDS	B-DISO
death	B-PROC
,	O
jointing	B-ANAT
EVLWI	O
with	O
PVPI	O
could	O
improve	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
death	B-PROC
forecasting	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
and	O
gas	B-ENZY
-	O
exchange	O
were	O
measured	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
not	O
corrletions	O
between	O
IAP	B-PRGE
and	O
end	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
expiratory	I-PRGE
Ptp	B-DISO
(	O
Ptp	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
e	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
end	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
inspiratory	I-PRGE
Ptp	B-DISO
(	O
Ptp	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
i	I-PRGE
)	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Compared	O
with	O
baseline	O
,	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
(	O
CL	O
)	O
(	O
48	O
.	O
1	O
±	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
cmH2O	O
vs	O
(	O
25	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
cmH2O	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
)	O
(	O
235	O
±	O
48	O
)	O
mmHg	O
vs	O
(	O
160	O
±	O
35	O
)	O
mmHg	O
improved	O
obviously	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
dead	B-PROC
space	O
fraction	O
(	O
VD	O
/	O
VT	O
)	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
48	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
07	O
)	O
vs	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
59	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
)	O
decreased	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
but	O
Ccw	O
and	O
respiratory	O
compliance	O
(	O
Cr	O
)	O
didn	O
'	O
t	O
improve	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Plat	O
pressure	O
(	O
Pplat	O
)	O
increased	O
and	O
the	O
compliance	O
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
(	O
Ccw	O
)	O
decreased	O
when	O
intraabdominal	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
IAP	O
)	O
increased	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
135	O
intubated	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusions	O
were	O
identified	O
over	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Amongst	O
intubated	O
blunt	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusions	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
an	O
initial	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
that	O
reveals	O
immediate	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
mortality	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
such	O
findings	O
.	O

The	O
analysis	O
of	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
associative	O
pathology	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
,	O
roentgenographic	O
study	O
,	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
external	O
respiration	B-PROC
(	O
FER	B-CHED
)	O
(	O
peak	O
flowmetry	O
,	O
spirometry	O
),	O
intracavitary	O
pH	O
-	O
metry	O
,	O
esophagofibrogastroduodenoscopy	O
(	O
EFGDS	O
)	O
and	O
ultrasonic	O
investigation	O
(	O
USI	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
organs	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
gastro	B-ANAT
-	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
(	O
GIT	O
)	O
were	O
carried	O
out	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
severe	O
course	O
of	O
bronchial	B-DISO
asthma	B-PATH
GERD	B-DISO
was	O
detected	O
3	O
,	O
4	O
times	O
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
the	O
boys	O
,	O
while	O
in	O
a	O
lengthy	O
course	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
BOS	B-DISO
--	O
1	O
,	O
9	O
times	O
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
the	O
girls	O
.	O

The	O
designed	O
individual	O
anti	O
-	O
reflux	B-DISO
programs	O
in	O
complex	O
therapy	O
of	O
respiratory	O
organs	B-ANAT
'	O
diseases	O
with	O
BOS	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
GERD	B-DISO
reduce	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
exacerbations	O
and	O
hospitalizations	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
BA	O
,	O
improve	O
their	O
life	O
quality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avoiding	O
pain	O
,	O
agitation	B-DISO
and	O
delirium	B-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
avoiding	O
unnecessary	O
deep	O
sedation	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
powerful	O
yet	O
challenging	O
strategy	O
in	O
critical	O
care	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

While	O
completely	O
disabling	O
spontaneous	O
ventilation	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
is	O
not	O
a	O
standard	O
strategy	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
it	O
might	O
be	O
temporarily	O
required	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
who	O
have	O
substantial	O
dyssynchrony	O
or	O
persistent	O
hypoxaemia	O
.	O

Since	O
pain	O
,	O
agitation	B-DISO
and	O
delirium	B-DISO
compromise	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
they	O
should	O
also	O
be	O
regarded	O
during	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
and	O
during	O
ventilator	O
weaning	O
.	O

Comparing	O
uninfected	O
L10H	O
and	O
L10L	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
identified	O
1698	O
and	O
1424	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
(	O
DE	O
)	O
genes	O
at	O
weeks	O
1	O
and	O
3	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
observed	O
transcriptome	O
differences	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
lines	O
indicate	O
that	O
selection	O
for	O
MBL	O
had	O
influenced	O
innate	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
adaptive	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Comparing	O
uninfected	O
L10H	O
and	O
L10L	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
identified	O
1698	O
and	O
1424	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
(	O
DE	O
)	O
genes	O
at	O
weeks	O
1	O
and	O
3	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
ICU	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
or	O
trauma	O
may	O
receive	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
the	O
crucial	O
role	O
of	O
domestic	O
dogs	O
as	O
reservoirs	O
for	O
zoonosis	B-DISO
and	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
threatening	O
diseases	O
for	O
wild	O
carnivores	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
distemper	B-DISO
and	O
parvovirosis	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
features	O
and	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
involved	O
in	O
pathogen	O
exposure	O
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
that	O
live	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
/	O
wildlife	O
interfaces	O
and	O
actually	O
contacts	O
wildlife	O
.	O

Remarkably	O
,	O
factors	O
linked	O
to	O
free	O
-	O
ranging	O
behaviour	B-PROC
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
exposure	O
for	O
all	O
pathogens	O
detected	O
.	O

Remarkably	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
cat	B-SPEC
neither	O
clinical	O
signs	O
nor	O
acute	O
shedding	O
were	O
seen	O
,	O
but	O
virus	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
from	O
3	O
dpi	O
,	O
and	O
shedding	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
enterotropic	O
,	O
mutated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
suddenly	O
occurred	O
from	O
14	O
dpi	O
onwards	O
.	O

Two	O
groups	O
of	O
NHPs	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
either	O
a	O
human	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MERS	I-PRGE
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
3B11	O
-	O
N	O
or	O
E410	O
-	O
N	O
,	O
an	O
anti	O
-	O
HIV	B-DISO
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Jordan	O
-	O
n3	O
/	O
2012	O
infection	B-DISO
resulted	O
in	O
quantifiable	O
changes	O
by	O
computed	O
tomography	O
,	O
but	O
limited	O
other	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

Evolution	B-PROC
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
Kenyan	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
under	O
purifying	O
selection	O
.	O

By	O
means	O
of	O
histological	O
examination	O
and	O
biochemical	O
assays	O
,	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
assessed	O
in	O
the	O
aspects	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damages	O
,	O
myeloperoxidase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
levels	O
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
report	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
administration	O
of	O
dihydro	O
-	O
resveratrol	B-CHED
ameliorated	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
via	O
an	O
inhibitory	O
modulation	O
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Small	O
interfering	O
RNA	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
inhibits	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
inflammatory	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
and	O
oxidative	B-PATH
damage	I-PATH
were	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
,	O
yielding	O
minimal	O
tissue	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Monocytes	B-ANAT
producing	O
siRNA	O
efficiently	O
inhibit	O
IBV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
MERS	O
range	O
from	O
mild	O
disease	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
resulting	O
in	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
especially	O
in	O
individuals	O
with	O
underlying	O
comorbidities	O
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
about	O
one	O
in	O
three	O
people	O
died	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
MERS	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cigarette	O
smoke	O
exposure	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
);	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
this	O
relationship	O
remain	O
largely	O
unknown	O
.	O

Smokers	O
had	O
exaggerated	O
inflammation	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
smokers	O
,	O
with	O
increased	O
BAL	B-ENZY
interleukin	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
),	O
neutrophils	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
),	O
plasma	B-ANAT
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
),	O
and	O
plasma	B-PRGE
matrix	I-PRGE
metalloproteinase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
2015	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
Korea	O
,	O
186	O
persons	O
were	O
infected	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
38	O
fatalities	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
differences	O
of	O
the	O
US	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
prototype	O
and	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
-	O
variant	O
strains	O
in	O
conventional	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
under	O
experimental	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
three	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
prototype	O
isolates	O
tested	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
their	O
phylogenetic	O
clades	O
,	O
had	O
similar	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
caused	O
severe	O
enteric	O
disease	O
in	O
5	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
pigs	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
faecal	B-ANAT
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
gross	O
and	O
histopathological	O
lesions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
in	O
2015	O
has	O
drawn	O
public	O
attention	O
regarding	O
the	O
legal	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
control	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
in	O
2015	O
,	O
serious	O
challenges	O
emerged	O
regarding	O
important	O
ethical	O
issues	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
transparency	O
and	O
the	O
protection	O
of	O
privacy	O
.	O

The	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Korea	O
created	O
significant	O
public	O
support	O
for	O
more	O
aggressive	B-DISO
early	O
interventions	O
in	O
future	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

Influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
priority	O
for	O
all	O
Hajj	O
pilgrims	O
,	O
as	O
recommended	O
by	O
experts	O
.	O

Although	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
consensus	O
about	O
the	O
veno	O
-	O
veno	O
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
mode	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
this	O
combined	O
mode	O
can	O
be	O
helpful	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
refractory	O
respiratory	O
and	O
cardiac	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
shown	O
in	O
the	O
present	O
case	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
for	O
decades	O
the	O
RNA	B-PROC
capping	I-PROC
mechanisms	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
remained	O
unknown	O
.	O

Since	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
has	O
drawn	O
increased	O
attention	O
and	O
stimulated	O
numerous	O
studies	O
on	O
the	O
molecular	O
virology	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
2012	O
has	O
since	O
resulted	O
in	O
sporadic	O
cases	O
,	O
intra	O
-	O
familial	O
transmission	O
and	O
major	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
picture	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
includes	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
mild	O
or	O
moderately	O
symptomatic	O
cases	O
and	O
fatal	O
disease	O
.	O

This	O
neuroprotective	O
effect	O
of	O
BDNF	O
is	O
also	O
observed	O
in	O
vivo	O
in	O
a	O
viral	O
vector	O
-	O
based	O
knockdown	O
mouse	B-SPEC
cerebellar	B-ANAT
model	O
.	O

The	O
model	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
capture	O
a	O
)	O
any	O
signal	O
of	O
the	O
serial	O
interval	O
distribution	O
in	O
the	O
initial	O
stochastic	O
phase	O
b	O
)	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
rate	O
of	O
the	O
exponential	O
phase	O
and	O
c	O
)	O
the	O
unique	O
combination	O
of	O
R0	O
and	O
Tg	O
that	O
generates	O
a	O
specific	O
shape	O
of	O
peak	O
incidence	O
when	O
the	O
susceptible	O
portion	O
of	O
a	O
small	O
population	O
is	O
depleted	O
.	O

Repeated	O
application	O
of	O
these	O
methods	O
to	O
small	O
scale	O
outbreaks	O
at	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
an	O
epidemic	O
would	O
permit	B-SPEC
accurate	O
estimates	O
of	O
key	O
parameters	O
.	O

Commercially	O
available	O
systems	O
are	O
manually	O
controlled	O
,	O
although	O
an	O
automatically	O
controlled	O
ECLA	O
could	O
allow	O
individualized	O
and	O
continuous	O
adaption	B-PROC
to	O
clinical	O
requirements	O
.	O

Proof	O
of	O
concept	O
could	O
be	O
demonstrated	O
for	O
this	O
novel	O
automatically	O
controlled	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
ECLA	O
circuit	O
.	O

This	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
fTNF	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
mAb	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
was	O
confirmed	O
to	O
inhibit	O
the	O
following	O
fTNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
conditions	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
analyzed	O
a	O
multi	O
-	O
drug	O
resistant	O
(	O
MR	O
)	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
(	O
RT	O
),	O
subcloned	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
-	O
derived	O
subtype	O
CRF02_AG	O
,	O
harboring	O
45	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
exchanges	O
,	O
amongst	O
them	O
four	O
thymidine	B-CHED
analog	O
mutations	O
(	O
TAMs	O
)	O
relevant	O
for	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
AZT	B-CHED
(	O
azidothymidine	B-CHED
)	O
resistance	B-PROC
by	O
AZTMP	O
excision	O
(	O
M41L	O
,	O
D67N	O
,	O
T215Y	O
,	O
K219E	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
four	O
substitutions	O
of	O
the	O
AZTTP	O
discrimination	O
pathway	B-PROC
(	O
A62V	O
,	O
V75I	O
,	O
F116Y	O
and	O
Q151M	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serial	O
measurements	O
of	O
troponin	B-PRGE
and	O
echocardiography	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outcome	O
of	O
Severe	O
Dengue	B-DISO
Viral	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
-	O
caused	O
Acute	B-DISO
Liver	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
in	O
Thai	O
Children	O
.	O

Lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
levels	O
had	O
positive	O
correlations	O
with	O
AST	B-ENZY
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
95	O
)	O
and	O
ALT	B-FUNC
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
87	O
)	O
(	O
all	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
median	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
)	O
days	O
before	O
the	O
AST	B-PRGE
and	O
ALT	B-FUNC
levels	O
returned	O
to	O
lower	O
than	O
200	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
after	O
the	O
ALF	O
were	O
10	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
12	O
.	O
8	O
)	O
and	O
10	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
14	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
days	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
of	O
Houttuynia	B-SPEC
cordata	I-SPEC
Thunb	O
.	O

Cinanserin	O
hydrochloride	B-CHED
was	O
also	O
tested	O
against	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
synergistic	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
flavonoid	B-CHED
combination	O
was	O
still	O
less	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
EA	O
fraction	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
different	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
systems	O
are	O
available	O
to	O
recapitulate	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
airways	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Air	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Liquid	I-PRGE
Interface	I-PRGE
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelium	B-ANAT
(	O
HAE	O
)	O
model	O
.	O

These	O
organotypic	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
cultures	O
represent	O
a	O
universal	O
platform	O
to	O
study	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
host	B-COMP
interaction	I-PROC
by	O
offering	O
more	O
detailed	O
insights	O
compared	O
to	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
epidemic	O
potential	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
highlights	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
both	O
vaccines	O
and	O
antivirals	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
interaction	O
between	O
VNPs	O
derived	O
from	O
Tobacco	B-SPEC
mosaic	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
TMV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
proteins	B-CHED
is	O
investigated	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
VNP	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
corona	B-CHED
is	O
significantly	O
less	O
abundant	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
corona	B-CHED
of	O
synthetic	O
particles	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
FCoVs	O
)	O
encode	O
five	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
termed	O
3a	O
,	O
3b	O
,	O
3c	O
,	O
7a	O
and	O
7b	O
of	O
unknown	O
function	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
successful	O
application	O
of	O
PEG	O
-	O
IFN	B-PRGE
against	O
the	O
related	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
experiments	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
injection	O
of	O
180	O
μg	O
PEG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α2b	I-PRGE
was	O
applied	O
.	O

The	O
accessibility	O
of	O
the	O
highly	O
conserved	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
at	O
the	O
periphery	O
of	O
the	O
trimer	O
indicates	O
potential	O
vaccinology	O
strategies	O
to	O
elicit	O
broadly	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	O
against	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

The	O
haemodynamic	O
consequences	O
of	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
depend	O
on	O
the	O
underlying	O
chronic	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
pathologies	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
that	O
was	O
the	O
indication	O
for	O
ventilation	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
focus	O
on	O
severe	O
COPD	B-DISO
exacerbation	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
left	I-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Classification	O
of	O
Extrapulmonary	O
Manifestations	O
Due	O
to	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
Infection	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
Basis	O
of	O
Possible	O
Pathogenesis	O
.	O

Concomitant	O
use	O
of	O
immunomodulators	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
or	O
immunoglobulins	O
with	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
effective	O
against	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
treatment	O
modalities	O
for	O
most	O
severe	O
cases	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
would	O
be	O
necessary	O
to	O
construct	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
therapeutic	O
strategy	O
,	O
covering	O
microbiology	O
(	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
),	O
immunology	O
(	O
immunomodulators	O
),	O
and	O
hematology	O
(	O
anticoagulants	B-CHED
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Most	O
of	O
the	O
intracellular	B-COMP
pattern	O
recognition	O
receptors	O
(	O
PRRs	B-DISO
)	O
reside	O
in	O
either	O
the	O
endolysosome	B-COMP
or	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
to	O
sense	B-PROC
pathogen	O
-	O
derived	O
RNAs	O
,	O
DNAs	O
,	O
or	O
synthetic	O
analogs	O
of	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
(	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
),	O
such	O
as	O
poly	O
(	O
I	O
:	O
C	O
).	O

M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
rather	O
than	O
M	O
mRNA	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
M	O
-	O
mediated	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
induction	O
that	O
is	O
preferentially	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
TLR	O
)	O
adaptor	O
proteins	B-CHED
MyD88	B-PRGE
,	O
TIRAP	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
TICAM2	B-PRGE
but	O
not	O
the	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
cascade	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
antagonist	B-PROC
of	O
both	O
TLR2	B-PRGE
and	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
did	O
not	O
impede	O
M	O
-	O
mediated	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
induction	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
driving	O
force	O
for	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
was	O
generated	O
from	O
inside	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
indicates	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
a	O
pathogen	O
-	O
derived	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
able	O
to	O
function	O
as	O
a	O
cytosolic	B-COMP
PAMP	O
to	O
stimulate	O
type	B-PROC
I	I-PROC
interferon	I-PROC
production	I-PROC
by	O
activating	O
a	O
noncanonical	O
TLR	O
signaling	B-PROC
cascade	I-PROC
in	O
a	O
TRAF3	B-PRGE
-	O
independent	O
manner	O
.	O

Viral	O
protein	B-CHED
can	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
pathogen	O
-	O
associated	O
molecular	O
pattern	O
(	O
PAMP	O
)	O
that	O
is	O
usually	O
recognized	O
by	O
certain	O
pathogen	O
recognition	O
receptors	O
(	O
PRRs	B-DISO
)	O
on	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
,	O
such	O
as	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
TLR2	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
.	O

After	O
admission	O
,	O
HIV	B-PATH
infection	I-PATH
was	O
eventually	O
confirmed	O
by	O
plasma	B-ANAT
HIV	B-DISO
RNA	O
testing	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
case	O
underscores	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
RNA	O
test	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
HIV	B-DISO
antibody	B-COMP
test	O
for	O
some	O
rare	O
patients	O
with	O
HIV	B-PATH
infection	I-PATH
who	O
present	O
with	O
severe	O
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
and	O
opportunistic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
or	O
malignancy	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Treatment	O
strategies	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
growing	O
global	O
importance	O
,	O
has	O
caused	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
more	O
than	O
1600	O
people	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
almost	O
600	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dysregulated	O
Type	O
I	O
Interferon	O
and	O
Inflammatory	O
Monocyte	B-ANAT
-	O
Macrophage	B-ANAT
Responses	O
Cause	O
Lethal	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
Infected	O
Mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Highly	O
pathogenic	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronaviruses	O
cause	O
acute	O
lethal	O
disease	O
characterized	O
by	O
exuberant	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

Of	O
102	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
CAP	B-DISO
,	O
samples	O
were	O
obtained	O
in	O
91	O
cases	O
and	O
48	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
respiratory	O
viruses	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
RSV	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
22	O
;	O
45	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
11	O
;	O
22	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
9	O
;	O
18	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

All	O
patients	O
required	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
17	O
(	O
35	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
required	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
)	O
strains	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	O
HKU1	O
usually	O
result	O
in	O
mild	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
limiting	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
paper	O
provides	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
facts	O
and	O
emergency	O
situations	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
encountered	O
in	O
the	O
care	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
systemic	O
diseases	O
and	O
vasculitides	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
initially	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
Saudi	O
Arabian	O
man	B-CHED
with	O
fatal	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
review	O
provides	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
state	O
of	O
knowledge	O
on	O
human	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
probable	O
origin	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
available	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

HCV	B-SPEC
was	O
cultivated	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
increasing	O
Galanthus	B-SPEC
nivalis	I-SPEC
agglutinin	O
(	O
GNA	B-CHED
),	O
Cyanovirin	O
-	O
N	O
,	O
Concanavalin	O
-	O
A	O
or	O
Griffithsin	O
concentrations	O
,	O
during	O
more	O
than	O
eight	O
weeks	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
International	O
Society	O
for	O
Influenza	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
Respiratory	O
Virus	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
(	O
isirv	O
)	O
held	O
its	O
4th	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Group	O
Conference	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Texas	O
on	O
2	O
-	O
4	O
June	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
657	O
patients	O
aged	O
≥	O
40	O
years	O
,	O
377	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
Sp6	O
can	O
induce	O
the	O
activated	O
avian	B-SPEC
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
vitro	O
to	O
produce	O
CTL	B-ANAT
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
CTL	B-ANAT
epitope	B-CHED
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
S1	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
newly	O
emerged	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
infected	O
more	O
than	O
8000	O
individuals	O
and	O
resulted	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
800	O
(	O
10	O
-	O
15	O
%)	O
fatalities	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Corynebacterium	B-SPEC
ulcerans	I-SPEC
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Conformational	O
Flexibility	O
of	O
a	O
Short	O
Loop	O
near	O
the	O
Active	O
Site	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
is	O
Essential	O
to	O
Maintain	O
Catalytic	O
Activity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteinase	B-PROC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3CLpro	I-PRGE
),	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
proteinase	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
life	O
cycle	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
no	O
typical	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
;	O
even	O
fever	B-PROC
is	O
not	O
invariably	O
present	O
.	O

Management	O
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
depends	O
on	O
awareness	O
of	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
on	O
performing	O
the	O
correct	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
:	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
cannot	O
be	O
excluded	O
until	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
blood	B-ANAT
specimen	I-ANAT
has	O
been	O
examined	O
.	O

Other	O
travel	O
related	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
viral	O
haemorrhagic	O
fevers	B-PROC
,	O
should	O
also	O
be	O
considered	O
.	O

Uncomplicated	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
malaria	O
should	O
be	O
treated	O
with	O
an	O
artemisinin	B-CHED
combination	O
therapy	O
(	O
Grade	O
1A	O
).	O

Quinine	B-CHED
or	O
atovaquone	B-CHED
-	O
proguanil	B-CHED
(	O
Malarone	O
(®))	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
if	O
an	O
ACT	O
is	O
not	O
available	O
.	O

They	O
may	O
require	O
haemodynamic	O
support	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
:	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
,	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
seizures	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	O
intercurrent	O
infections	B-DISO
including	O
Gram	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
negative	I-DISO
bacteraemia	I-DISO
/	O
septicaemia	B-DISO
.	O

Children	O
with	O
uncomplicated	O
malaria	B-PATH
should	O
be	O
treated	O
with	O
an	O
ACT	O
(	O
artemether	B-CHED
-	O
lumefantrine	B-CHED
or	O
dihydroartemisinin	B-CHED
-	O
piperaquine	O
)	O
as	O
first	O
line	O
treatment	O
(	O
Grade	O
1A	O
).	O

Organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
74	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
,	O
mostly	O
respiratory	O
(	O
53	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
(	O
44	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
and	O
renal	B-ANAT
(	O
44	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
the	O
5550	O
patients	O
admitted	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
periods	B-PROC
,	O
663	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
had	O
SARI	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Atypical	B-DISO
hemolytic	I-DISO
uremic	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
aHUS	O
)	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
alternative	B-PROC
complement	I-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
dysregulation	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
systemic	O
thrombotic	B-DISO
microangiopathy	I-DISO
(	O
TMA	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
severe	O
end	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
associated	O
causes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
isolated	O
TBI	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
well	O
studied	O
.	O

In	O
unadjusted	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analyses	O
,	O
the	O
odds	O
of	O
developing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
head	B-ANAT
AIS	B-DISO
score	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
018	O
),	O
male	O
sex	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
012	O
),	O
and	O
early	O
transfusion	O
of	O
platelets	B-ANAT
(	O
OR	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
).	O

Early	O
transfusion	O
of	O
platelets	B-ANAT
after	O
severe	O
TBI	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
modifiable	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
these	O
findings	O
invite	O
further	O
investigation	O
into	O
causal	O
mechanisms	O
driving	O
this	O
observed	O
association	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
era	B-CHED
of	O
balanced	O
hemostatic	B-PROC
resuscitation	O
practices	O
,	O
severity	O
of	O
head	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
male	O
sex	O
,	O
early	O
crystalloids	O
,	O
and	O
early	O
transfusion	O
of	O
platelets	B-ANAT
are	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
after	O
severe	O
isolated	O
TBI	O
.	O

Early	O
transfusion	O
of	O
platelets	B-ANAT
after	O
severe	O
TBI	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
modifiable	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
these	O
findings	O
invite	O
further	O
investigation	O
into	O
causal	O
mechanisms	O
driving	O
this	O
observed	O
association	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
exists	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
genetically	O
distinct	O
viral	O
types	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
and	O
measures	O
of	O
pairwise	O
similarity	O
among	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
or	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
classify	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

By	O
using	O
complete	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
gene	O
we	O
determined	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
structure	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
allowed	O
us	O
to	O
define	O
6	O
genotypes	O
that	O
together	O
comprise	O
32	O
distinct	O
viral	O
lineages	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
inter	O
-	O
lineage	O
recombinants	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ligands	O
of	O
the	O
endothelial	O
-	O
enriched	O
tunica	B-PRGE
interna	I-PRGE
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
kinase	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
Tie2	B-PRGE
)	O
are	O
markedly	O
imbalanced	O
in	O
severe	O
infections	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
vascular	B-ANAT
leakage	B-DISO
,	O
yet	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
receptor	O
itself	O
has	O
been	O
understudied	O
in	O
this	O
context	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
TIE2	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
expression	O
may	O
constitute	O
a	O
novel	O
vascular	B-ANAT
barrier	O
control	O
mechanism	O
in	O
diverse	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
was	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
viruses	B-SPEC
showed	O
variance	O
by	O
age	O
groups	O
.	O

Influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
55	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
118	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
definition	O
of	O
""""	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
""""	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
Center	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
guidelines	O
and	O
other	O
viral	O
agenst	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
44	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
critical	O
pathogens	O
in	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
,	O
causing	O
serious	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
all	O
countries	O
including	O
Iraq	O
.	O

IBV	B-SPEC
has	O
many	O
genotypes	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
confer	O
any	O
cross	O
-	O
protection	O
.	O

One	O
Chinese	O
-	O
like	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
DY12	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
)	O
that	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
was	O
detected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
clinically	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
currently	O
no	O
Food	O
and	O
Drug	O
Administration	O
-	O
approved	O
drug	O
therapies	O
.	O

Emerging	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
inflammasome	I-PRGE
plays	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
during	O
ALI	O
.	O

Lack	O
of	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
may	O
be	O
the	O
primary	O
cause	O
of	O
limited	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
hence	O
restrict	O
transmission	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
carboxy	B-CHED
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
N3	O
,	O
is	O
necessary	O
and	O
sufficient	O
for	O
interaction	O
with	O
M	O
protein	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
despite	O
some	O
previous	O
genetic	O
and	O
biochemical	O
evidence	O
that	O
mapped	O
interactions	O
with	O
N	O
to	O
the	O
carboxy	B-CHED
terminus	O
of	O
M	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
possible	O
to	O
define	O
a	O
short	O
linear	O
region	O
of	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
sufficient	O
for	O
assembly	O
with	O
N	O
.	O
Thus	O
,	O
interactions	O
with	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
likely	O
involve	O
multiple	O
linearly	O
discontiguous	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
M	O
endodomain	O
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
M	O
chimera	B-DISO
exhibited	O
a	O
conditional	O
growth	B-PROC
defect	O
that	O
was	O
partially	O
suppressed	O
by	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
envelope	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Accumulating	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
tripartite	O
-	O
motif	O
-	O
containing	O
(	O
TRIM	B-PRGE
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
participate	O
in	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
either	O
by	O
acting	O
as	O
direct	O
antiviral	B-CHED
restriction	O
factors	O
or	O
through	O
regulating	O
innate	O
immune	O
signaling	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
activity	O
was	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
E3	O
ligase	O
activity	O
,	O
B	O
-	O
box	O
,	O
or	O
coiled	O
-	O
coil	O
domain	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
analyzed	O
data	O
for	O
170	O
patients	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
who	O
had	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
infection	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Beginning	O
3	O
hours	O
after	O
completion	O
of	O
the	O
infusion	O
,	O
he	O
developed	O
progressive	O
tachycardia	O
,	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
hypotension	O
requiring	O
vasopressor	O
infusion	O
,	O
and	O
increasing	O
oxygen	B-CHED
requirements	O
.	O

Laboratory	O
studies	O
revealed	O
leukopenia	B-DISO
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
elevated	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
abnormal	O
coagulation	B-PROC
profile	O
,	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
negative	O
cultures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
by	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
diffraction	O
and	O
small	O
-	O
angle	O
X	O
-	O
ray	O
scattering	O
.	O

This	O
model	O
presents	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
as	O
a	O
monomer	O
that	O
displays	O
structural	O
features	O
in	O
common	O
with	O
other	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
NTDs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
complications	I-DISO
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
:	O
An	O
update	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Malaria	B-PATH
is	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
parasitic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
worldwide	O
,	O
being	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
challenge	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
90	O
countries	O
.	O

Virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	O
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
for	O
up	O
to	O
9	O
days	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
replicated	O
transiently	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	O
and	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
,	O
the	O
intestinal	O
tracts	B-ANAT
and	O
internal	O
organs	B-ANAT
;	O
with	O
limited	O
histopathological	O
changes	O
observed	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

Although	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
common	O
disease	O
,	O
the	O
ante	O
-	O
mortem	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
this	O
disease	B-DISO
still	I-DISO
remains	O
a	O
challenge	O
.	O

Conclusions	O
and	O
relevance	O
Once	O
the	O
clinical	O
disease	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
develops	O
in	O
a	O
cat	B-SPEC
,	O
it	O
always	O
leads	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
cats	B-SPEC
are	O
euthanased	O
within	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
or	O
weeks	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
Le	O
(	O
x	O
)	O
structure	O
could	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
syncytial	B-ANAT
formation	I-ANAT
and	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
to	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
infection	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
late	O
phase	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Hypercapnic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
pH	O
<	O
7	O
.	O
35	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
is	O
primarily	O
indicated	O
unless	O
there	O
are	O
contraindications	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
NIV	O
requires	O
a	O
skilled	O
and	O
experienced	O
team	O
and	O
close	O
monitoring	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
perceive	O
a	O
failure	O
of	O
NIV	O
.	O

In	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
COPD	B-DISO
ventilator	O
settings	O
need	O
a	O
long	O
expiration	B-PROC
and	O
short	O
inspiration	B-PROC
time	O
to	O
avoid	O
further	O
hyperinflation	B-DISO
and	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
intrinsic	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
).	O

The	O
Large	O
Observational	O
Study	O
to	O
Understand	O
the	O
Global	O
Impact	O
of	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
(	O
LUNG	B-ANAT
SAFE	O
)	O
was	O
an	O
international	O
,	O
multicenter	O
,	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
of	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
invasive	O
or	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
,	O
conducted	O
during	O
4	O
consecutive	O
weeks	O
in	O
the	O
winter	O
of	O
2014	O
in	O
a	O
convenience	O
sample	O
of	O
459	O
ICUs	O
from	O
50	O
countries	O
across	O
5	O
continents	O
.	O

Secondary	O
outcomes	O
included	O
assessment	O
of	O
clinician	O
recognition	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
ventilatory	O
management	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
adjunctive	O
interventions	O
in	O
routine	O
clinical	O
practice	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
from	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Of	O
these	O
,	O
2377	O
patients	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
first	O
48	O
hours	O
and	O
whose	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
was	O
managed	O
with	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Plateau	O
pressure	O
was	O
measured	O
in	O
40	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
38	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
42	O
.	O
1	O
),	O
whereas	O
82	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
81	O
.	O
0	O
%-	O
84	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
received	O
a	O
positive	O
end	O
-	O
expository	O
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
12	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
syndrome	B-DISO
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
underrecognized	O
and	O
undertreated	O
and	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
improvement	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
vaccines	O
are	O
currently	O
licensed	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
important	O
efforts	O
have	O
been	O
performed	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
outbreak	O
to	O
develop	O
diagnostic	O
tools	O
.	O

The	O
availability	O
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
from	O
plants	B-SPEC
opens	O
the	O
way	O
to	O
further	O
evaluation	O
of	O
their	O
potential	O
utility	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
diagnostic	O
and	O
protection	O
/	O
therapy	O
tools	O
to	O
be	O
quickly	O
manufactured	O
,	O
at	O
low	O
cost	O
and	O
with	O
minimal	O
risk	O
,	O
to	O
face	B-DISO
potential	O
new	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
the	O
clinical	O
reports	O
of	O
10	O
patients	O
who	O
underwent	O
awake	O
ECMO	O
due	O
to	O
postoperative	O
ARDS	B-DISO
between	O
August	O
2012	O
and	O
May	O
2015	O
.	O

Two	O
cases	O
failed	O
awake	O
ECMO	O
and	O
died	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
disease	O
aggravation	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
for	O
patients	O
to	O
breathe	O
spontaneously	O
,	O
which	O
might	O
prevents	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
dystrophy	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
weaned	B-PROC
that	O
patient	O
from	O
ECMO	O
2	O
days	O
later	O
.	O

For	O
example	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
most	O
severe	O
form	O
,	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
lung	B-ANAT
microvessel	B-ANAT
endothelia	O
lose	O
their	O
junctional	O
integrity	O
resulting	O
in	O
leakiness	O
of	O
the	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
barrier	O
and	O
accumulation	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
rich	O
edema	B-DISO
.	O

Most	O
people	O
who	O
arrive	O
in	O
Sweden	O
with	O
suspicious	O
symptoms	O
will	O
likely	O
have	O
other	O
diseases	O
than	O
Ebola	O
/	O
MERS	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
malaria	B-PATH
or	O
pneumococci	O
,	O
but	O
we	O
still	O
need	O
to	O
take	O
care	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
and	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
provide	O
optimal	O
treatment	O
of	O
electrolyte	O
disturbances	O
,	O
kidney	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
bleedings	O
etc	O
.	O

Herein	O
we	O
review	O
such	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
mostly	O
limited	O
to	O
rodent	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
burn	O
-	O
induced	O
,	O
inflammatory	O
,	O
and	O
neuropathic	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
and	O
Comparison	O
of	O
Receptor	B-FUNC
Binding	I-FUNC
Characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
Spike	B-PRGE
Protein	I-PRGE
of	O
Two	O
Porcine	O
Epidemic	O
Diarrhea	O
Virus	O
Strains	O
.	O

The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
mediates	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
entry	B-PROC
into	I-PROC
host	I-PROC
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
CTD	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
is	O
bound	O
to	O
pAPN	O
.	O

The	O
prototype	O
strain	O
demonstrated	O
similar	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
compared	O
with	O
the	O
variant	O
field	O
isolate	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
different	O
coronaviruses	O
displayed	O
varied	O
abilities	O
to	O
mediate	O
pseudotyped	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identifying	O
determinants	O
of	O
heterogeneous	O
transmission	O
dynamics	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
,	O
2015	O
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
epidemiological	O
analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
heterogeneous	O
transmission	O
patterns	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
particular	O
focus	O
on	O
epidemiological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
superspreaders	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Effects	O
of	O
Prone	O
Position	O
Ventilation	O
on	O
Experimental	O
Mild	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
Induced	O
by	O
Intraperitoneal	O
Lipopolysaccharide	O
Injection	O
in	O
Rats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
benefits	O
of	O
prone	O
position	O
ventilation	O
are	O
well	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
the	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
milder	O
forms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Dimerization	O
-	O
Dependent	O
Mechanism	O
Drives	O
the	O
Endoribonuclease	O
Function	O
of	O
Porcine	B-DISO
Reproductive	B-PROC
and	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Virus	I-SPEC
nsp11	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
first	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
the	O
arterivirus	B-PRGE
nsp11	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
from	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
exhibits	O
a	O
unique	O
structure	O
and	O
assembles	O
into	O
an	O
asymmetric	O
dimer	O
whose	O
structure	O
is	O
completely	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
hexameric	O
structure	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp15	O
.	O

Mutagenesis	B-PROC
and	O
structural	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
NendoU	O
active	O
site	O
residues	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
conserved	O
throughout	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
Nidovirales	I-SPEC
(	O
families	O
Arteriviridae	B-SPEC
and	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
the	O
major	O
determinants	O
of	O
dimerization	O
(	O
Ser74	O
and	O
Phe76	O
)	O
in	O
Arteriviridae	B-SPEC
Importantly	O
,	O
these	O
findings	O
may	O
provide	O
a	O
new	O
structural	O
basis	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
development	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
dose	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
was	O
tapered	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
25	O
mg	O
/(	O
kg	O
·	O
d	O
)	O
after	O
4	O
weeks	O
and	O
was	O
adjusted	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
occurrence	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
graft	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
versus	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
host	B-COMP
disease	I-DISO
(	O
cGVHD	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Ventilatory	O
strategy	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Korean	O
Society	O
for	O
Laboratory	O
Medicine	B-CHED
Practice	O
Guidelines	O
for	O
the	O
Molecular	O
Diagnosis	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
During	O
an	O
Outbreak	O
in	O
Korea	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O

On	O
June	O
3	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
Korean	O
Society	O
for	O
Laboratory	O
Medicine	B-CHED
(	O
KSLM	O
)	O
launched	O
a	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Laboratory	O
Response	O
Task	O
Force	O
(	O
LR	O
-	O
TF	O
)	O
to	O
facilitate	O
clinical	O
laboratories	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
guidelines	O
described	O
here	O
are	O
an	O
updated	O
version	O
that	O
includes	O
case	O
definition	O
,	O
indications	O
for	O
testing	O
,	O
specimen	O
type	O
and	O
protocols	O
for	O
specimen	O
collection	O
,	O
specimen	O
packing	O
and	O
transport	O
,	O
specimen	O
handling	O
and	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
extraction	O
,	O
molecular	O
detection	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
interpretation	O
of	O
results	O
and	O
reporting	O
,	O
and	O
laboratory	O
safety	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
C	O
(	O
T	O
)	O
value	O
for	O
each	O
concentration	O
was	O
different	O
depending	O
on	O
which	O
commercial	O
kit	B-FUNC
was	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
assay	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
EQA	O
phase	O
results	O
for	O
46	O
participants	O
showed	O
a	O
linear	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
threshold	O
cycle	O
(	O
C	O
(	O
T	O
))	O
values	O
of	O
RNA	O
materials	O
and	O
the	O
logarithmic	O
concentrations	O
for	O
both	O
upE	O
and	O
ORF1a	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
targets	I-PRGE
(	O
R²	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
73	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
75	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

Both	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
were	O
co	O
-	O
circulating	O
throughout	O
the	O
year	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
lowest	O
detection	O
rates	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
October	O
-	O
January	O
period	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
27	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
strains	O
belong	O
to	O
genotype	O
A	O
while	O
72	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
belongs	O
to	O
genotype	O
B	O
.	O
The	O
tree	O
root	B-ANAT
of	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
was	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
with	O
the	O
tMRCA	O
of	O
genotypes	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
estimated	O
around	O
the	O
1990s	O
and	O
2000s	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
Lys	B-CHED
113	O
,	O
Arg	B-CHED
125	O
,	O
Tyr	B-CHED
127	O
,	O
Glu	B-CHED
173	O
,	O
Tyr	B-CHED
190	O
residues	O
that	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
were	O
determined	O
.	O

PANTHER	O
TOOL	O
and	O
DAVID	O
platform	O
were	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
GO	O
and	O
Pathway	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
One	O
set	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
related	O
microarray	O
data	O
and	O
27	O
target	O
genes	O
of	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
were	O
acquired	O
from	O
the	O
online	O
databases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Age	O
-	O
related	O
presence	O
of	O
selected	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
in	O
paraffin	O
-	O
embedded	O
lung	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
dogs	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
correct	O
detection	O
of	O
CDV	O
had	O
been	O
achieved	O
in	O
ten	O
out	O
of	O
eleven	O
positive	O
cases	O
(	O
90	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
upon	O
initial	O
investigation	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
,	O
like	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bronchiseptica	I-SPEC
(	O
10	O
cases	O
)	O
and	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
multocida	I-SPEC
(	O
17	O
cases	O
)	O
had	O
been	O
missed	O
in	O
all	O
but	O
one	O
case	O
.	O

Ribosome	B-COMP
profiling	O
is	O
a	O
technique	O
which	O
exploits	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
translating	O
ribosome	B-COMP
to	O
protect	O
around	O
30	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
of	O
mRNA	B-CHED
from	O
ribonuclease	O
digestion	B-PROC
.	O

Ribosome	B-COMP
-	O
protected	O
mRNA	B-CHED
fragments	O
are	O
purified	O
,	O
subjected	O
to	O
deep	O
sequencing	O
and	O
mapped	O
back	B-ANAT
to	O
the	O
transcriptome	O
to	O
give	O
a	O
global	O
""""	O
snap	B-FUNC
-	O
shot	O
""""	O
of	O
translation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Other	O
methods	O
that	O
include	O
prone	O
positioning	O
for	O
ventilation	O
have	O
also	O
shown	O
improvements	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Endothelial	B-ANAT
activation	O
biomarkers	O
(	O
soluble	O
vascular	O
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	O
-	O
1	O
[	O
sVCAM	O
-	O
1	O
],	O
soluble	O
endothelial	B-PRGE
selectin	B-PROC
[	O
sESEL	O
],	O
angiopoietin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
[	O
Ang	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
]	O
and	O
angiopoietin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
[	O
Ang	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
])	O
were	O
measured	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
had	O
significantly	O
higher	O
median	O
sVCAM	O
-	O
1	O
concentrations	O
in	O
the	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
compared	O
with	O
healthy	O
volunteers	O
(	O
985	O
vs	O
119	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

Additionally	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
trend	O
toward	O
greater	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
sVCAM	O
-	O
1	O
concentrations	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
/	O
severe	O
compared	O
to	O
mild	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
1395	O
vs	O
209	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Carotid	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
chemoreceptors	B-ANAT
,	O
sympathetic	O
neural	O
activation	O
,	O
and	O
cardiometabolic	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
classical	O
construct	O
considers	O
the	O
CB	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
peripheral	O
oxygen	B-CHED
sensor	O
,	O
triggering	O
reflex	B-PROC
physiological	O
responses	O
to	O
acute	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
facilitating	O
the	O
ventilatory	O
acclimation	B-PROC
to	O
chronic	O
hypoxemia	O
at	O
high	O
altitude	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coexistence	O
of	O
multiple	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
several	O
bat	B-ENZY
colonies	O
in	O
an	O
abandoned	O
mineshaft	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
revealed	O
in	O
the	O
lower	O
lung	B-ANAT
fields	O
accentuated	O
bronchovascular	O
lung	B-ANAT
markings	O
and	O
multiple	O
small	O
patchy	O
opacities	B-DISO
.	O

Laboratory	O
tests	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
viruses	B-SPEC
known	O
to	O
cause	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
.	O

Using	O
a	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
,	O
a	O
simple	O
prediction	O
score	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
improve	O
early	O
identification	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
were	O
likely	O
to	O
progress	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
within	O
7	O
days	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
optimal	O
treatment	O
for	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
adult	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
RSV	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
non	O
-	O
influenza	B-DISO
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Midwestern	O
transplant	B-ANAT
centers	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preparedness	O
for	O
ebolavirus	B-SPEC
disease	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Japan	O
:	O
Necessity	O
of	O
Biosafety	O
level	O
-	O
4	O
facility	O
.	O

The	O
evidence	O
indicates	O
that	O
infectious	B-DISO
BSL	O
-	O
4	O
pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
Ebola	O
and	O
Marburg	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
cannot	O
be	O
manipulated	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
impossible	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
BSL	O
-	O
4	O
pathogens	O
using	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Because	O
these	O
emerging	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
are	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
zoonotic	O
pathogens	O
,	O
the	O
eradiation	O
and	O
the	O
elimination	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
impossible	O
.	O

The	O
origin	O
-	O
based	O
and	O
destination	O
-	O
based	O
spatial	O
dependence	B-DISO
positively	O
affected	O
migrant	O
flows	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
due	O
to	O
those	O
seeking	O
jobs	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
neighbours	O
of	O
origin	O
and	O
destination	O
locations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
enzootic	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
was	O
first	O
described	O
in	O
September	O
2012	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
and	O
viable	O
virus	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
isolated	O
from	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
some	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
near	O
-	O
identical	O
strains	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
have	O
been	O
isolated	O
from	O
epidemiologically	O
linked	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
confirming	O
inter	O
-	O
transmission	O
,	O
most	O
probably	O
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Amongst	O
the	O
important	O
measures	O
to	O
control	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
spread	O
are	O
strict	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
camel	B-SPEC
movement	B-PROC
,	O
regular	O
herd	O
screening	O
and	O
isolation	O
of	O
infected	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
use	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
by	O
camel	B-SPEC
handlers	O
and	O
enforcing	O
rules	O
banning	O
all	O
consumption	O
of	O
unpasteurized	O
camel	B-SPEC
milk	O
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
,	O
temporal	O
distribution	O
,	O
population	O
history	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
among	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
.	O

A	O
peak	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
was	O
recorded	O
between	O
June	O
and	O
October	O
2012	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
described	O
the	O
seasonality	O
,	O
molecular	O
diversity	O
,	O
and	O
evolutionary	O
dynamics	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
tropical	O
region	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
HCP	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
HCP	B-DISO
was	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
non	O
-	O
HCP	B-DISO
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
non	O
-	O
HCP	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
younger	O
age	O
and	O
early	O
confirmation	O
in	O
HCP	B-DISO
groups	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infections	O
are	O
more	O
common	O
during	O
influenza	B-DISO
seasons	O
and	O
in	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
than	O
previously	O
recognized	O
,	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
differ	O
from	O
those	O
associated	O
with	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
overall	O
,	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
prevalence	O
has	O
increased	O
over	O
time	O
especially	O
in	O
infants	O
aged	O
<	O
1	O
year	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
iv	O
)	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
risk	O
is	O
greater	O
in	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
era	B-CHED
,	O
likely	O
reflecting	O
a	O
widespread	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
viral	O
population	O
that	O
warrants	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
isolated	O
13	O
new	O
viral	O
genomes	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
12	O
of	O
them	O
possess	B-DISO
a	O
point	B-PROC
mutation	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
viral	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
reduced	O
affinity	O
to	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
cognate	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
,	O
CD26	B-PRGE
,	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
unexpected	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
adaptation	B-PROC
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
driven	O
by	O
host	B-COMP
immunological	O
pressure	O
.	O

Cofilin	B-PRGE
is	O
involved	O
in	O
F	B-COMP
-	I-COMP
actin	I-COMP
reorganization	O
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

EGFR	B-FUNC
is	O
also	O
the	O
upstream	O
activator	O
of	O
mitogen	B-CHED
-	I-ENZY
activated	I-ENZY
protein	I-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
(	O
MAPK	B-FUNC
)	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
that	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
F	B-COMP
-	I-COMP
actin	I-COMP
reorganization	O
.	O

In	O
conlusion	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
provide	O
valuable	O
data	O
of	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
which	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
methods	O
about	O
controlling	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pre	O
-	O
fusion	O
structure	O
of	O
a	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Here	O
we	O
present	O
the	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
Å	O
resolution	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
trimeric	O
HKU1	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
determined	O
using	O
single	O
-	O
particle	O
cryo	O
-	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

These	O
studies	O
should	O
also	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
foundation	O
for	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
design	O
of	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
immunogens	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
available	O
serological	O
methods	O
to	O
detect	O
antibodies	O
to	O
ferret	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FRCoV	O
),	O
an	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
using	O
recombinant	O
partial	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
ferret	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FRCoV	O
)	O
Yamaguchi	O
-	O
1	O
strain	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
serological	O
method	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
FRCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

180	O
-	O
374	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
89	O
%	O
ferrets	B-SPEC
in	O
Japan	O
had	O
been	O
infected	O
with	O
FRCoV	O
.	O
These	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
our	O
established	O
ELISA	O
using	O
a	O
.	O
a	O
.	O

1	O
-	O
179	O
of	O
the	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
useful	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
antibody	O
to	O
FRCoV	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
seroepidemiology	O
of	O
FRCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
necessitated	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
intensive	O
care	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
admission	O
,	O
a	O
healthy	O
infant	O
was	O
delivered	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
screened	O
764	O
samples	O
from	O
22	O
avian	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
orders	O
Anseriformes	B-SPEC
and	O
Charadriiformes	B-SPEC
in	O
Sweden	O
collected	O
in	O
2006	O
/	O
2007	O
for	O
CoV	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
overall	O
CoV	O
prevalence	O
of	O
18	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
which	O
is	O
higher	O
than	O
many	O
other	O
wild	O
bird	B-SPEC
surveys	O
.	O

Sequences	O
from	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
Greater	O
Scaup	O
CoV	O
fell	O
into	O
an	O
infrequently	O
detected	O
lineage	O
,	O
shared	O
only	O
with	O
a	O
Tufted	B-SPEC
Duck	I-SPEC
(	O
Aythya	B-SPEC
fuligula	I-SPEC
)	O
CoV	O
.	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
sequences	O
from	O
Mallards	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
highly	O
similar	O
to	O
CoV	O
sequences	O
from	O
the	O
sample	O
species	B-SPEC
and	O
location	O
in	O
2011	O
,	O
suggesting	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
maintenance	O
in	O
this	O
population	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
lays	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
rational	O
design	O
of	O
more	O
potent	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
RT	O
dimerization	O
.	O

Movement	B-PROC
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
among	O
farms	O
is	O
hypothesised	O
to	O
have	O
played	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
PED	O
among	O
farms	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
present	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
M	O
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
complex	O
with	O
a	O
Michael	O
acceptor	B-CHED
inhibitor	B-CHED
N3	O
.	O

42	O
patients	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

Labex	O
Integrative	O
Biology	O
of	O
Emerging	B-DISO
Infectious	I-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
,	O
EU	O
7th	O
framework	O
program	O
PREDEMICS	O
.	O

The	O
severe	O
,	O
generalised	O
manifestation	O
of	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
affects	O
20	O
-	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
intravenous	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
or	O
plasma	B-ANAT
exchange	O
is	O
the	O
optimal	O
management	O
approach	O
,	O
alongside	O
supportive	O
care	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Monocytes	B-ANAT
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
are	O
key	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
innate	O
immune	O
system	O
yet	O

Notably	O
,	O
given	O
that	O
teicoplanin	O
has	O
routinely	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
clinic	O
with	O
low	O
toxicity	O
,	O
our	O
work	O
provides	O
a	O
promising	O
prospect	O
for	O
the	O
prophylaxis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
Ebola	O
,	O
MERS	O
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
originated	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
transmitted	B-DISO
to	O
human	B-SPEC
through	O
intermediate	O
animals	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
civet	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
screening	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
specific	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
three	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
recovered	O
individuals	O
at	O
9	O
and	O
11	O
years	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
carried	O
out	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
memory	B-PROC
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
detected	O
target	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
structural	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Two	O
CD8	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
and	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
characterized	O
by	O
determining	O
their	O
HLA	B-PRGE
restriction	O
and	O
minimal	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
epitope	B-CHED
regions	O
.	O

Early	O
prone	O
combined	O
with	O
ACPC	O
-	O
IRV	B-PROC
in	O
H1N1	O
patients	O
having	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
and	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
confirmed	O
by	O
large	O
observational	O
studies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
isolated	O
from	O
southern	O
China	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O

Their	O
effectiveness	O
depends	O
on	O
whether	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
good	O
antigenic	O
match	O
between	O
circulating	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
.	O

In	O
Poland	O
,	O
the	O
2014	O
/	O
2015	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemic	I-DISO
started	O
in	O
week	O
5	O
(	O
January	O
/	O
February	O
)	O
of	O
2015	O
and	O
continued	O
until	O
week	O
17	O
(	O
April	O
)	O
of	O
2015	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
2416	O
tested	O
specimens	O
,	O
22	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
cases	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
A	O
/	O
H3N2	B-CHED
/,	O
while	O
A	O
/	O
H1N1	O
/	O
pdm09	O
constituted	O
14	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
cases	O
.	O

Other	O
detected	O
causes	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
consisted	O
of	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
being	O
predominant	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
sporadically	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
1	O
-	O
3	O
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Glycan	B-CHED
Engagement	O
by	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
Receptor	O
Switches	O
and	O
Specificity	O
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
2003	O
in	O
Southeast	O
Asia	O
and	O
rapidly	O
spread	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
before	O
it	O
was	O
controlled	O
by	O
public	O
health	O
intervention	O
strategies	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
encode	O
proofreading	O
machinery	O
,	O
unique	O
in	O
the	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
world	O
,	O
to	O
ensure	O
the	O
maintenance	O
of	O
their	O
large	O
genome	O
size	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
not	O
all	O
infected	O
patients	O
present	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
normothermic	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
adjusted	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
of	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
among	O
hypothermic	O
patients	O
was	O
1	O
.	O
62	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
06	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
49	O
)	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
74	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
58	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
94	O
)	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
emerged	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
reported	O
closely	O
related	O
with	O
HKU4	O
and	O
HKU5	B-PRGE
Bat	I-PRGE
coronaviruses	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
GBS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
girl	O
.	O

GBS	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
in	O
acute	O
onset	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
in	O
infants	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
169	O
[	O
91	O
.	O
5	O
%]),	O
followed	O
by	O
diarrheal	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
13	O
[	O
7	O
%]),	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
one	O
case	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Patients	O
spent	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
5	O
(	O
3	O
-	O
7	O
)	O
days	O
as	O
hospital	O
inpatients	O
and	O
overall	O
mortality	O
was	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
previous	O
study	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
a	O
natural	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
among	O
36	O
%	O
of	O
randomly	O
bred	O
laboratory	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
subsequent	O
effects	O
of	O
inbreeding	B-PROC
were	O
measured	O
using	O
42	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
STR	B-ENZY
markers	O
.	O

The	O
continuing	O
threat	O
posed	O
by	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
novel	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
also	O
capable	O
of	O
producing	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
D68	O
,	O
highlights	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
immune	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
contribute	O
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
elimination	B-PROC
and	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	O
(	O
CAP	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
human	B-SPEC
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
HAdV	B-DISO
),	O
especially	O
HAdV	B-DISO
type	O
55	O
(	O
HAdV	B-DISO
-	O
55	O
)	O
in	O
immunocompetent	O
adults	O
has	O
raised	O
increasing	O
concerns	O
.	O

The	O
rapid	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
bilateral	O
consolidations	O
within	O
10	O
days	O
after	O
illness	O
onset	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
radiographic	O
finding	O
,	O
usually	O
accompanied	O
by	O
adjacent	O
ground	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
and	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusions	I-DISO
.	O

Amongst	O
these	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
particularly	O
rare	O
complication	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
few	O
cases	O
reported	O
describe	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
malarial	O
therapy	O
as	O
a	O
post	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
Phylogenetic	O
Analysis	O
of	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Deltacoronavirus	O
in	O
Korean	O
Swine	B-SPEC
Farms	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

Batch	O
1	O
(	O
segment	O
1	O
)	O
simulated	O
transport	B-PROC
of	O
contaminated	O
ingredients	O
from	O
manufacturing	O
plants	B-SPEC
in	O
Beijing	O
(	O
day	O
1	O
post	O
-	O
contamination	O
(	O
PC	O
)).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
viable	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
any	O
samples	O
treated	O
with	O
LA	O
or	O
MCFA	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
BCoVs	O
)	O
are	O
widespread	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
cause	O
enteric	O
or	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
among	O
cattle	B-SPEC
.	O

Sub	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cluster	I-PRGE
C2	I-PRGE
includes	O
BCoVs	O
from	O
Europe	O
.	O

The	O
numerous	O
recombination	B-PROC
detected	O
between	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
were	O
much	O
less	O
frequent	O
for	O
BCoV	O
.	O
The	O
analysis	O
points	O
thus	O
to	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
different	O
evolutive	O
constraints	O
in	O
these	O
two	O
close	O
groups	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
observational	O
study	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
early	O
ECMO	O
compared	O
to	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
alone	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
severe	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
lower	O
risk	O
of	O
mortality	O
and	O
a	O
longer	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Disseminated	B-DISO
tuberculosis	I-DISO
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
lacking	O
granuloma	B-DISO
formation	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
lung	O
.	O

An	O
immunosuppressive	O
condition	B-DISO
might	O
inhibit	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
space	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
to	O
become	O
granulomatous	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
as	O
an	O
initial	O
stage	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	B-PATH
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
(	O
AIVs	O
)	O
circulate	O
naturally	O
in	O
wild	O
aquatic	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
infect	O
domestic	O
poultry	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
causing	O
sporadic	O
bird	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmissions	O
.	O

Both	O
H5N1	B-DISO
and	O
H7N9	O
cause	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
disease	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
manifested	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
of	O
60	O
%	O
and	O
35	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Distress	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
30	O
-	O
50	O
%	O
mortality	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
level	O
there	O
is	O
pulmonary	O
capillary	B-ANAT
endothelial	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
permeability	O
and	O
fluid	O
leakage	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
parenchyma	B-ANAT
,	O
followed	O
by	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
,	O
cytokines	O
and	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
broiler	O
flocks	O
in	O
Egypt	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Construction	O
of	O
a	O
bivalent	O
DNA	O
vaccine	O
co	O
-	O
expressing	O
S	O
genes	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
delivered	O
by	O
attenuated	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
typhimurium	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
were	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
induced	O
by	O
the	O
single	O
-	O
gene	O
vaccine	O
SL7207	O
(	O
pVAXD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PS1	I-PRGE
)	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

To	O
identify	O
and	O
describe	O
epidemiologic	O
and	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
persons	O
with	O
healthcare	O
-	O
associated	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
reviewed	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
reported	O
to	O
the	O
Health	O
Authority	O
of	O
Abu	B-CHED
Dhabi	O
during	O
January	O
1	O
,	O
2013	O
-	O
May	O
9	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O

The	O
recent	O
outbreak	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
highlighted	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
PH	O
services	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
competent	O
PH	O
workforce	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
within	O
5	O
days	O
of	O
admission	O
was	O
45	O
%.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
this	O
review	O
provides	O
valuable	O
guidelines	O
toward	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
effective	O
and	O
safe	O
MERS	O
vaccine	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
Scandinavian	O
Society	O
of	O
Anaesthesiology	O
and	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Medicine	B-CHED
(	O
SSAI	O
)	O
task	O
force	O
on	O
fluid	O
and	O
drug	O
therapy	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
to	O
provide	O
clinically	O
relevant	O
,	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
treatment	O
recommendations	O
according	O
to	O
standards	O
for	O
trustworthy	O
guidelines	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
seven	O
ARDS	B-DISO
interventions	O
were	O
assessed	O
.	O

Current	O
management	O
of	O
AMR	O
-	O
RTI	B-DISO
patients	O
focuses	O
on	O
pathogen	O
-	O
directed	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

Two	O
other	O
novel	O
HDT	O
candidates	O
,	O
DAS181	O
and	O
resveratrol	B-CHED
show	O
antiinfluenza	O
effects	O
.	O

Novel	O
kinase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
SB203580	O
(	O
MAPK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
antagonist	B-PROC
)	O
and	O
LY294002	B-CHED
(	O
phosphoinositide	B-CHED
-	O
3	O
kinases	O
antagonist	B-PROC
)	O
exhibit	O
promising	O
anti	O
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
activity	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
context	O
,	O
owing	O
to	O
its	O
essential	O
role	O
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
genome	O
replication	O
,	O
the	O
reverse	B-ENZY
transcriptase	I-ENZY
associated	O
ribonuclease	O
H	O
(	O
RNase	O
H	O
)	O
has	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
appealing	O
target	O
.	O

Mechanistic	O
studies	O
suggested	O
selective	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
RNase	O
H	O
through	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
an	O
innovative	O
allosteric	O
site	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
further	O
exploited	O
to	O
enrich	O
this	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
prevalence	O
and	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
endogenous	O
retroviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
PERVs	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
some	O
selected	O
microorganisms	O
,	O
among	O
them	O
HEV	B-SPEC
,	O
PCMV	O
,	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
lymphotropic	O
herpesviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
PLHVs	O
)	O
using	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
and	O
specific	O
PCR	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
methods	O
.	O

The	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
free	O
of	O
eight	O
other	O
microorganisms	O
tested	O
,	O
but	O
some	O
were	O
seropositive	O
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
circovirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
PCV2	O
),	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Based	O
on	O
medical	O
examinations	O
by	O
veterinarians	O
,	O
the	O
AaMP	B-PRGE
are	O
in	O
a	O
good	O
health	O
status	O
and	O
seem	O
to	O
harbor	O
only	O
few	O
microorganisms	O
.	O

Intense	O
research	O
has	O
shown	O
that	O
macro	O
domains	O
bind	B-FUNC
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
and	O
other	O
derivatives	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
still	O
remains	O
intangible	O
about	O
their	O
exact	O
function	O
.	O

Five	O
compounds	O
exhibited	O
moderate	O
to	O
excellent	O
potencies	O
inhibiting	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
wt	O
)	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
replication	O
with	O
EC50	O
values	O
ranging	O
from	O
31	O
.	O
36	O
μM	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
11	O
μM	O
.	O
Among	O
them	O
,	O
compound	O
15b	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
potent	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
with	O
EC50	O
values	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
11	O
μM	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
18	O
μM	O
against	O
wt	O
and	O
K103N	O
/	O
Y181C	O
double	O
mutant	B-DISO
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
strain	O
(	O
RES056	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

Aggressive	B-DISO
diagnostic	O
efforts	O
showed	O
sero	O
-	O
positivity	O
for	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
IgM	B-PRGE
.	O
The	O
patient	O
recovered	O
following	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
cesarean	O
delivery	O
.	O

In	O
severe	O
cases	O
that	O
are	O
refractory	O
to	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
cesarean	O
delivery	O
may	O
help	O
resolve	O
compromised	O
maternal	O
respiratory	O
status	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
proteasome	O
inhibitor	O
bortezomib	B-CHED
is	O
indicated	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
myeloma	I-DISO
(	O
MM	O
)	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
side	O
effects	O
are	O
neurological	O
and	O
gastrointestinal	O
,	O
while	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
are	O
rarely	O
described	O
.	O

Subsequent	O
to	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
chemotherapy	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
developed	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
bortezomib	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
was	O
formed	O
.	O

Systemic	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
rapid	O
improvement	O
in	O
clinical	O
conditions	O
and	O
radiological	O
findings	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
a	O
relatively	O
low	O
dose	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
high	O
dose	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
could	O
obtain	O
a	O
better	O
outcome	O
.	O

The	O
overarching	O
goal	O
of	O
this	O
article	O
is	O
to	O
provide	O
radiologists	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
up	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
date	O
information	O
regarding	O
the	O
underlying	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
pathophysiology	O
,	O
clinical	O
features	O
,	O
and	O
imaging	O
findings	O
related	O
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
a	O
potentially	O
deadly	O
new	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
issue	O
of	O
the	O
JCI	O
,	O
Peteranderl	O
and	O
colleagues	O
define	O
a	O
paracrine	B-PROC
communication	I-PROC
between	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
type	O
II	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
during	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
where	O
IFNα	O
induces	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
TRAIL	B-PRGE
that	O
causes	O
endocytosis	B-PATH
of	O
Na	B-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
K	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ATPase	I-PRGE
by	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelium	I-ANAT
.	O

Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
TRAIL	B-PATH
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
after	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
future	O
studies	O
will	O
be	O
needed	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
blocking	B-DISO
this	O
pathway	B-PROC
is	O
a	O
viable	O
option	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

At	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
extraction	O
,	O
pressure	O
generated	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
100	O
ms	O
of	O
inspiration	B-PROC
against	O
an	O
occluded	B-DISO
airway	B-ANAT
decreased	O
from	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
(	O
PSV	O
,	O
GF0	O
%)	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
(	O
NAVA	O
,	O
GF0	O
%)	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
(	O
PSV	O
,	O
GF100	O
%)	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
(	O
NAVA	O
,	O
GF100	O
%;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
patients	O
'	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
muscle	B-ANAT
pressure	O
passed	O
from	O
8	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
and	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
to	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Perioperative	O
kinetics	O
of	O
endocan	O
in	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
bypass	O
.	O

Following	O
administration	O
of	O
protamine	O
,	O
endocan	O
concentrations	O
steadily	O
increased	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
,	O
reaching	B-PROC
a	O
steady	O
state	O
between	O
2	O
and	O
6h	O
.	O

Serum	B-ANAT
Amyloid	B-DISO
P	O
Contained	O
in	O
Alveolar	B-ANAT
Fluid	O
From	O
Patients	O
With	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Mediates	O
the	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
Monocyte	I-PROC
Differentiation	I-PROC
into	O
Fibrocyte	B-ANAT
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
and	O
broncho	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
serum	B-COMP
amyloid	B-DISO
P	O
contents	O
were	O
determined	O
by	O
western	O
blot	O
and	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
amyloid	B-DISO
P	O
concentration	O
was	O
decreased	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
and	O
dramatically	O
increased	O
in	O
broncho	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
during	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
amyloid	B-DISO
P	O
depletion	O
decreased	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
broncho	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
by	O
60	O
%,	O
whereas	O
serum	B-COMP
amyloid	B-DISO
P	O
replenishment	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
amyloid	B-DISO
P	O
-	O
depleted	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
broncho	O
-	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
restored	O
their	O
full	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
.	O

To	O
reduce	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
aspiration	I-DISO
,	O
rapid	O
sequence	O
induction	O
and	O
intubation	O
and	O
awake	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
are	O
commonly	O
chosen	O
anesthetic	O
techniques	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
aspiration	B-DISO
of	O
gastric	B-ANAT
or	O
esophageal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
feasibility	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
during	O
ECMO	O
therapy	O
.	O

Causes	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
20	O
)	O
and	O
aspiration	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
four	O
patients	O
had	O
different	O
rare	O
causes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
that	O
affects	O
poultry	O
production	O
worldwide	O
.	O

The	O
combined	O
risks	O
of	O
wildlife	O
trade	O
in	O
Lao	O
PDR	B-DISO
to	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
and	O
biodiversity	O
highlight	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
multi	O
-	O
sector	O
approach	O
to	O
effectively	O
protect	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
economic	O
interests	O
and	O
biodiversity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
pancreatitis	O
(	O
SAP	O
)	O
can	O
often	O
be	O
complicated	O
by	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
leading	O
to	O
increased	O
mortality	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
MODS	B-DISO
and	O
APACHE	O
II	O
scores	O
decreased	O
to	O
a	O
greater	O
extent	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
group	O
,	O
paralleled	O
by	O
a	O
lower	O
occurrence	O
of	O
MPDS	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
MODS	B-DISO
and	O
APACHE	O
II	O
scores	O
decreased	O
to	O
a	O
greater	O
extent	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
group	O
,	O
paralleled	O
by	O
a	O
lower	O
occurrence	O
of	O
MPDS	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
FATAL	O
GASTRIC	B-DISO
DILATION	I-DISO
IN	O
TWO	O
ADULT	O
BLACK	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
FOOTED	I-SPEC
FERRETS	I-SPEC
(	O
MUSTELA	B-SPEC
NIGRIPES	I-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
clinical	O
perspective	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
delirium	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
duration	O
of	O
delirium	B-DISO
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
patients	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
functional	O
disability	O
and	O
cognitive	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
,	O
although	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
usually	O
reverses	O
after	O
the	O
successful	O
treatment	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Stray	O
cats	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Milan	O
,	O
Italy	O
,	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
Leishmania	B-SPEC
infantum	I-SPEC
and	O
other	O
selected	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
seven	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
30	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
were	O
seroreactive	O
by	O
indirect	O
fluorescent	O
antibody	B-COMP
test	O
(	O
IFAT	O
),	O
with	O
an	O
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
40	O
for	O
16	O
(	O
17	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
cats	B-SPEC
and	O
1	O
:	O
80	O
(	O
cut	O
-	O
off	O
for	O
feline	B-SPEC
L	B-DISO
.	I-DISO
infantum	I-DISO
infection	B-DISO
)	O
for	O
11	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
frequency	O
of	O
seroreactivity	O
to	O
L	B-DISO
.	I-DISO
infantum	I-DISO
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
FCoV	O
-	O
seropositive	O
cats	B-SPEC
(	O
OR	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
:	O
A	O
new	O
global	O
threat	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
is	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
with	O
droplet	O
and	O
contact	O
spread	O
being	O
the	O
possible	O
modes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Two	O
-	O
way	O
antigenic	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
between	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
practical	O
matter	O
,	O
prevention	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
very	O
similar	O
diseases	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
will	O
require	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
separate	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
vaccine	O
products	O
.	O

Malarial	O
hepatopathy	B-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
shock	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
both	O
overall	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
each	O
)	O
and	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
each	O
)	O
and	O
hyponatremia	O
and	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
only	O
in	O
overall	O
malaria	B-PATH
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Malarial	O
hepatopathy	B-DISO
is	O
likely	O
to	O
occur	O
in	O
presence	O
of	O
other	O
malarial	O
complications	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
an	O
epiphenomenon	O
in	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
and	O
indicative	O
of	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
phase	O
trial	O
of	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
casei	I-SPEC
vaccine	O
polarizes	O
Th2	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immunity	B-PROC
against	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Immunization	O
with	O
recombinant	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
investigations	O
of	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
immunization	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
immunization	O
time	O
and	O
dose	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fat	O
(	O
al	O
)	O
attraction	O
:	O
Picornaviruses	B-SPEC
Usurp	O
Lipid	B-CHED
Transfer	O
at	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Contact	O
Sites	O
to	O
Create	O
Replication	O
Organelles	O
.	O

The	O
goal	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
physiological	B-PROC
effects	I-PROC
of	O
APRV	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
established	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
retrospective	O
observational	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
in	O
a	O
23	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
adult	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
referral	O
centre	O
.	O

Our	O
primary	O
outcome	O
was	O
the	O
correlation	O
between	O
the	O
end	O
tidal	O
CO2	B-CHED
(	O
EtCO2	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
clinical	O
decision	O
of	O
hospital	O
admission	O
and	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

Wang	O
clinical	O
respiratory	O
severity	O
score	O
was	O
found	O
,	O
by	O
using	O
multivariate	O
models	O
,	O
to	O
predict	O
nasogastric	B-ANAT
tube	O
need	O
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
desaturation	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
length	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Capnometry	O
readings	O
upon	O
arrival	O
to	O
the	O
ED	O
did	O
not	O
predict	O
hospital	O
admission	O
or	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
eligibility	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
level	O
of	O
cytoplasmic	B-PRGE
MERS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
NS4b	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
sufficient	O
to	O
prevent	O
activation	O
of	O
RNase	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
.	O
Finally	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
an	O
RNase	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
antagonist	B-PROC
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
or	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
provides	O
a	O
specific	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
this	O
occurs	O
.	O

Antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
rapid	O
improvement	O
in	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
ascites	O
,	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
and	O
gross	O
signs	O
of	O
illness	O
and	O
cats	B-SPEC
returned	O
to	O
normal	O
health	O
within	O
20	O
days	O
or	O
less	O
of	O
treatment	O
.	O

Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
enteropathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
which	O
induces	O
malabsorption	B-DISO
and	O
lethal	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
ALI	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
sepsis	B-SPEC
;	O
further	O
,	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
ALI	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
mortality	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
from	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
other	O
sources	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
abdominal	B-DISO
sepsis	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
of	O
autophagy	B-PROC
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
using	O
siRNA	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
gene	B-PRGE
p300	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
otherwise	O
inhibits	O
autophagy	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mapping	O
the	O
Specific	O
Amino	B-CHED
Acid	I-CHED
Residues	O
That	O
Make	O
Hamster	B-SPEC
DPP4	B-PRGE
Functional	O
as	O
a	O
Receptor	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
novel	O
emerging	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
infected	O
>	O
1	O
,	O
600	O
people	O
worldwide	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
is	O
∼	O
36	O
%.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
by	O
changing	O
4	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
in	O
hamster	B-SPEC
DPP4	B-PRGE
,	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
functions	O
as	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
This	O
work	O
is	O
vital	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
small	O
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
broaden	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
be	O
instrumental	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
countermeasures	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
FPs	B-FUNC
of	O
3	O
different	O
lineages	O
of	O
β	O
-	O
CoVs	O
are	O
conserved	O
in	O
location	O
within	O
the	O
S	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
and	O
in	O
their	O
functions	O
,	O
although	O
their	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
have	O
diverged	O
significantly	O
during	O
CoV	O
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

K480	O
likely	O
enhances	O
the	O
nucleophilicity	O
of	O
the	O
Cys	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
study	O
reports	O
the	O
preliminary	O
findings	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
known	O
human	B-SPEC
case	O
of	O
H5N6	O
in	O
Yunnan	O
province	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
expanding	O
and	O
enhancing	O
of	O
surveillance	O
in	O
both	O
avian	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
evolution	O
of	O
H5	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
to	O
facilitate	O
early	O
detection	O
of	O
suspected	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outbreak	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
among	O
preweaning	O
alpacas	B-SPEC
(	O
Vicugna	B-SPEC
pacos	I-SPEC
)	O
in	O
the	O
southern	O
Peruvian	O
highland	O
.	O

The	O
findings	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
warrant	O
the	O
provision	O
of	O
subsidies	O
for	O
future	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
potential	O
economic	O
impact	O
of	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
productivity	O
of	O
the	O
Peruvian	O
alpaca	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
had	O
an	O
improved	O
mortality	O
compared	O
with	O
historical	O
controls	O
.	O

ECMO	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
at	O
the	O
early	O
onset	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
to	O
improve	O
survival	O
.	O

Timing	O
from	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
to	O
ECMO	O
intervention	O
occurred	O
at	O
a	O
mean	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
days	O
.	O

ECMO	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
at	O
the	O
early	O
onset	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
to	O
improve	O
survival	O
.	O

His	O
respiratory	O
sounds	O
were	O
clear	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiography	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
any	O
abnormal	O
shadows	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
examination	O
showed	O
type	O
II	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

With	O
an	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
minimum	O
immunotherapy	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
herein	O
on	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
IAV	O
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
)-	O
related	O
HLH	B-DISO
which	O
was	O
treated	O
successfully	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
clinical	O
signs	O
and	O
gross	O
lesions	O
consisting	O
of	O
tracheal	O
caseous	O
exudate	B-ANAT
and	O
plugs	O
,	O
and	O
swollen	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
(	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
)	O
urate	B-CHED
deposits	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
SPF	O
and	O
broiler	O
chicks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Age	O
,	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
,	O
and	O
Plateau	O
Pressure	O
Score	O
:	O
A	O
Proposal	O
for	O
a	O
Simple	O
Outcome	O
Score	O
in	O
Patients	O
With	O
the	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Six	O
-	O
hundred	O
patients	O
meeting	O
Berlin	O
criteria	O
for	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
enrolled	O
in	O
two	O
independent	O
cohorts	O
treated	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
a	O
9	O
-	O
point	O
score	O
based	O
on	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
age	O
,	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
ratio	O
,	O
and	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
at	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
diagnosis	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
subunit	O
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S1	O
)	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
receptor	O
and	O
contains	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
epitopes	O
.	O

A	O
pregnant	O
sow	O
was	O
intramuscularly	O
immunized	O
three	O
times	O
with	O
adjuvanted	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
prior	O
to	O
farrowing	B-PROC
.	O

Administration	O
of	O
the	O
subunit	O
vaccine	O
in	O
a	O
sow	O
resulted	O
in	O
induction	O
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
that	O
were	O
passively	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Crisis	O
prevention	O
and	O
management	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
nurses	O
during	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Soluble	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
receptor	O
for	O
advanced	O
glycation	O
end	O
-	O
products	O
attenuates	O
inflammatory	O
pathogenesis	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
rat	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
standard	O
of	O
care	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
ventilatory	O
settings	O
and	O
rescue	O
therapies	O
for	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

For	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
specific	O
settings	O
are	O
recommended	O
:	O
limitation	O
of	O
tidal	O
volume	O
(	O
6	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
),	O
adequate	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(>	O
12	O
cmH2O	O
),	O
a	O
recruitment	B-DISO
manoeuvre	O
in	O
special	O
situations	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
'	O
balanced	O
'	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
(	O
20	O
-	O
30	O
/	O
min	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fatal	O
transfusion	O
-	O
transmitted	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
Citrobacter	B-SPEC
koseri	I-SPEC
.	O

She	O
had	O
previously	O
given	O
blood	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
(	O
QOL	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
in	O
most	O
dimension	O
were	O
impaired	B-DISO
and	O
(	O
58	O
%)	O
of	O
patients	O
had	O
unfavourable	O
QOL	O
.	O

One	O
large	O
multicentre	O
RCT	O
was	O
terminated	O
early	O
because	O
of	O
increased	O
mortality	O
in	O
participants	O
randomized	O
to	O
HFO	O
compared	O
to	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
with	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
and	O
high	O
positive	O
end	O
expiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
,	O
with	O
HFO	O
reserved	O
only	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
At	O
least	O
two	O
genetically	O
different	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
strains	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
(	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
prototype	O
and	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
-	O
variant	O
strains	O
).	O

Three	O
groups	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
negative	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
pigs	B-SPEC
(	O
five	O
pigs	B-SPEC
per	O
group	O
)	O
were	O
inoculated	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
a	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
prototype	O
isolate	O
(	O
previously	O
isolated	O
in	O
our	O
lab	O
),	O
an	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
-	O
variant	O
isolate	O
or	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
negative	O
culture	O
medium	O
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
two	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
could	O
be	O
detected	O
by	O
all	O
three	O
ELISAs	O
although	O
detection	O
rates	O
varied	O
to	O
some	O
degree	O
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
two	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
could	O
be	O
detected	O
by	O
all	O
three	O
ELISAs	O
although	O
detection	O
rates	O
varied	O
to	O
some	O
degree	O
.	O

The	O
records	O
of	O
730	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
queried	O
for	O
respiratory	O
ECMO	O
eligibility	O
and	O
ECMO	O
contraindications	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
730	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
168	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
met	B-CHED
ECMO	O
inclusion	O
criteria	O
and	O
515	O
(	O
70	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
never	O
met	B-CHED
ECMO	O
eligibility	O
due	O
to	O
inadequately	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Single	O
-	O
Site	O
Low	O
-	O
Flow	O
Veno	O
-	O
Venous	B-ANAT
Extracorporeal	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Support	O
Does	O
Not	O
Influence	O
Hemodynamic	B-PROC
Monitoring	O
by	O
Transpulmonary	O
Thermodilution	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
work	O
,	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
single	O
-	O
site	O
low	O
-	O
flow	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
ECLS	O
(	O
LFVV	O
-	O
ECLS	O
)	O
on	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
monitoring	O
by	O
transpulmonary	O
thermodilution	O
(	O
TPTD	O
)	O
was	O
prospectively	O
investigated	O
.	O

For	O
single	O
-	O
site	O
LFVV	O
-	O
ECLS	O
,	O
a	O
22	O
Fr	O
twin	O
-	O
port	O
double	O
-	O
lumen	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
was	O
inserted	O
percutaneously	O
into	O
the	O
right	O
jugular	B-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
.	O

Hemodynamic	B-PROC
monitoring	O
was	O
performed	O
using	O
the	O
Pulse	B-PROC
index	O
Continuous	O
Cardiac	B-ANAT
Output	O
system	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Infection	I-DISO
and	O
Diversity	O
in	O
Bats	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Australasian	O
Region	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
genes	O
showed	O
that	O
each	O
specimen	O
had	O
unique	O
characteristics	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
PEDV1	O
/	O
S	O
/	O
4	O
strain	O
could	O
be	O
differentiated	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
others	O
via	O
a	O
unique	O
mutation	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Case	O
Report	O
of	O
a	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Survivor	O
with	O
Kidney	B-ANAT
Biopsy	O
Results	O
.	O

The	O
isotope	O
dilution	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
traceable	O
serum	B-COMP
creatinine	B-CHED
level	O
increased	O
to	O
3	O
.	O
0	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
.	O
We	O
performed	O
a	O
kidney	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
8	O
weeks	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Prone	O
position	O
ventilation	O
(	O
PPV	B-CHED
)	O
improves	O
mortality	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
but	O
outcomes	O
following	O
its	O
use	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
are	O
not	O
known	O
.	O

He	O
was	O
managed	O
with	O
PPV	B-CHED
for	O
22	O
days	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
prolonged	O
ICU	O
stay	O
complicated	O
by	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
ischemic	B-DISO
optic	I-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
leading	O
to	O
blindness	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
most	O
situations	O
of	O
RV	O
overload	O
induced	O
by	O
inspiration	B-PROC
,	O
significant	O
pulse	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
variations	O
are	O
observed	O
,	O
either	O
called	O
'	O
pulsus	O
paradoxus	O
'	O
in	O
spontaneously	O
breathing	B-PROC
patients	O
or	O
'	O
reverse	O
pulsus	O
paradoxus	O
'	O
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
.	O

Pulse	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
variations	O
,	O
central	O
venous	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
and	O
especially	O
echocardiography	O
may	O
monitor	O
RV	O
function	O
in	O
abnormal	O
clinical	O
situations	O
.	O

Weaning	B-PROC
using	O
NAVA	O
restored	O
the	O
regular	O
respiration	B-PROC
and	O
stable	O
and	O
normal	O
acid	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
base	I-PROC
balance	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Ratio	O
of	O
Partial	O
Pressure	O
Arterial	B-ANAT
Oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
Fraction	O
of	O
Inspired	B-PROC
Oxygen	B-CHED
1	O
Day	O
After	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Onset	O
Can	O
Predict	O
the	O
Outcomes	O
of	O
Involving	O
Patients	O
.	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
predictive	O
validity	O
of	O
the	O
stabilized	O
ratio	O
of	O
partial	O
pressure	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
)	O
following	O
standard	O
ventilator	O
setting	O
in	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O
This	O
prospective	O
observational	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
tertiary	O
medical	O
center	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
and	O
compared	O
the	O
stabilized	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
(	O
Day	O
1	O
)	O
following	O
standard	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
and	O
the	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
patients	O
met	B-CHED
ARDS	B-DISO
Berlin	O
criteria	O
(	O
Day	O
0	O
).	O

Positive	O
BAC	O
group	O
required	O
significantly	O
less	O
packed	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
fresh	B-ANAT
frozen	I-ANAT
plasma	I-ANAT
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
lowered	O
systemic	B-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
levels	O
and	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
counts	O
in	O
the	O
BAC	O
group	O
were	O
also	O
detected	O
after	O
matching	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
this	O
effect	O
is	O
ISS	B-DISO
-	O
independent	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
positive	O
BAC	O
in	O
TBI	O
patients	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
lower	O
systemic	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
levels	O
and	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
numbers	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
positive	O
BAC	O
may	O
have	O
immunosuppressive	O
effects	O
in	O
this	O
cohort	O
of	O
patients	O
compared	O
with	O
TBI	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
not	O
alcohol	O
intoxicated	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
lowered	O
systemic	B-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
levels	O
and	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
counts	O
in	O
the	O
BAC	O
group	O
were	O
also	O
detected	O
after	O
matching	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
this	O
effect	O
is	O
ISS	B-DISO
-	O
independent	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Phylogenetic	O
variability	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
strains	O
circulating	O
in	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
during	O
two	O
consecutive	O
epidemic	O
seasons	O
].	O

Nucleotide	B-CHED
diversity	O
was	O
higher	O
than	O
aminoacid	O
diversity	O
between	O
and	O
within	O
lineages	O
found	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
lesions	O
observed	O
were	O
milder	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
US	O
classical	O
strain	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
study	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
reports	O
the	O
histological	O
lesions	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
variant	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
OH851	O
strain	O
from	O
a	O
field	O
case	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
genomic	O
characterization	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
US	O
variant	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
is	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
European	O
-	O
like	O
strains	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
1170	O
nt	O
of	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
spike	O
gene	O
but	O
to	O
US	O
classical	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
in	O
the	O
remaining	O
genome	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
variant	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
may	O
derive	O
from	O
a	O
recombinant	O
event	O
between	O
the	O
US	O
classical	O
and	O
European	O
-	O
like	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
in	O
multiple	O
countries	O
have	O
caused	O
significant	O
economic	O
losses	O
and	O
remain	O
a	O
serious	O
challenge	O
to	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
singleplex	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
RT	O
-	O
iiPCR	O
,	O
a	O
singleplex	O
PDCoV	O
RT	O
-	O
iiPCR	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
duplex	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
/	O
PDCoV	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
commercial	O
reagents	B-CHED
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
were	O
compared	O
to	O
an	O
N	O
gene	O
-	O
based	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
an	O
M	O
gene	O
-	O
based	O
PDCoV	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
that	O
were	O
previously	O
published	O
and	O
used	O
as	O
reference	O
PCRs	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
the	O
reference	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
specificity	O
and	O
accuracy	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
RT	O
-	O
iiPCR	O
were	O
97	O
.	O
73	O
%,	O
98	O
.	O
78	O
%,	O
and	O
98	O
.	O
24	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
duplex	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
/	O
PDCoV	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
were	O
98	O
.	O
86	O
%,	O
96	O
.	O
34	O
%,	O
and	O
97	O
.	O
65	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Immunological	O
TRALI	B-DISO
was	O
tested	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibiting	O
severe	O
thrombocytopenia	O
or	O
platelet	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

Results	O
TRALI	B-DISO
was	O
tested	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
severe	O
thrombocytopenia	O
provoked	O
by	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
diphtheria	O
toxin	O
(	O
DT	O
)	O
in	O
transgenic	O
iDTR	O
mice	B-SPEC
selectively	O
expressing	O
DT	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
in	O
megakaryocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
effect	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	I-SPEC
and	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
challenge	O
on	O
growing	O
pigs	B-SPEC
I	O
:	O
Growth	B-PROC
performance	O
and	O
digestibility	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
test	O
period	O
,	O
PRRS	B-DISO
reduced	O
ADG	O
and	O
ADFI	O
by	O
30	O
and	O
26	O
%,	O
respectively	O
(	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
compared	O
with	O
control	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
whereas	O
PRP	B-CHED
decreased	O
ADG	O
,	O
ADFI	O
,	O
and	O
G	O
:	O
F	O
by	O
45	O
,	O
30	O
,	O
and	O
23	O
%,	O
respectively	O
(	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Altogether	O
,	O
PRRS	B-DISO
reduced	O
growth	B-PROC
but	O
did	O
not	O
alter	O
digestibility	O
.	O

Treatments	O
3	O
and	O
4	O
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
PED	O
virus	B-SPEC
on	O
14	O
d	O
after	O
inoculation	O
(	O
dpi	O
)	O
and	O
all	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
euthanized	O
7	O
d	O
later	O
(	O
21	O
dpi	O
).	O

Ex	O
vivo	O
transepithelial	O
electrical	O
resistance	B-PROC
(	O
TER	B-COMP
)	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
between	O
CON	O
and	O
PRRS	B-DISO
pigs	B-SPEC
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
but	O
was	O
reduced	O
by	O
40	O
%	O
in	O
PED	O
alone	O
(	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
TER	B-COMP
was	O
increased	O
(	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
PRP	B-CHED
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Active	B-PROC
transport	I-PROC
of	O
glucose	B-CHED
was	O
increased	O
in	O
PRRS	B-DISO
pigs	B-SPEC
over	O
CON	O
pigs	B-SPEC
(	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
whereas	O
PED	O
had	O
pigs	B-SPEC
increased	O
(	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
active	O
glutamine	B-PROC
transport	B-PROC
over	O
the	O
CON	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Altogether	O
,	O
PED	O
but	O
not	O
PRRS	B-DISO
challenges	O
alter	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
morphology	O
and	O
integrity	O
in	O
growing	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interdisciplinary	O
Peripartum	O
Management	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	O
Oxygenation	B-PROC
-	O
a	O
Case	O
Report	O
and	O
Literature	O
Review	O
.	O

One	O
of	O
the	O
indications	O
is	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
for	O
which	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
severe	O
cases	O
,	O
ECMO	O
represents	O
the	O
only	O
possibility	O
to	O
save	O
lives	O
.	O

Several	O
decades	O
of	O
advances	O
in	O
acute	O
management	O
and	O
treatment	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
approaches	O
to	O
ventilation	O
,	O
oxygenation	O
,	O
and	O
surfactant	B-CHED
regulation	B-PROC
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
improvements	O
in	O
patient	O
recovery	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Dromedaries	B-SPEC
in	O
Africa	O
and	O
elsewhere	O
carry	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Co	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
third	O
EAV	B-SPEC
transmembrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
),	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
cleaving	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
that	O
mimics	O
viral	O
polyprotein	O
processing	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
DMVs	O
whose	O
size	O
was	O
more	O
homogenous	O
and	O
closer	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
observed	O
upon	O
EAV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
regulatory	O
role	O
for	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
in	O
modulating	O
membrane	B-COMP
curvature	O
and	O
DMV	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transport	B-PROC
of	O
Mechanically	O
Ventilated	O
Patients	O
in	O
the	O
Prone	O
Position	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
were	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
transported	O
by	O
specialized	O
nonphysician	O
critical	O
care	O
teams	O
.	O

Utilizing	O
direct	O
medical	O
oversight	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
technical	O
support	O
from	O
the	O
clinical	O
department	O
,	O
each	O
patient	O
underwent	O
a	O
thorough	O
bedside	O
evaluation	O
,	O
transport	B-PROC
ventilator	O
trial	O
,	O
and	O
transfer	O
to	O
a	O
transport	B-PROC
stretcher	O
either	O
with	O
the	O
endotracheal	O
tube	O
secured	O
by	O
an	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
pillow	O
or	O
overhanging	O
the	O
stretcher	O
.	O

Their	O
mean	O
age	O
was	O
47	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
61	O
.	O
2	O
(	O
m	O
)	O
and	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
was	O
25	O
.	O
3	O
±	O
27	O
.	O
1	O
(	O
kg	O
).	O

Hemodynamic	B-PROC
and	O
serious	O
complications	O
were	O
not	O
significantly	O
affected	O
after	O
LVRM	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
no	O
serious	O
complication	B-DISO
was	O
noted	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Consideration	O
of	O
lung	O
transplantation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
systemic	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
(	O
SSc	O
)	O
remains	O
guarded	O
,	O
often	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
concern	O
for	O
esophageal	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
associated	O
potential	O
for	O
allograft	O
injury	O
and	O
suboptimal	O
post	O
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
outcomes	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
all	O
lung	B-PRGE
transplants	B-ANAT
at	O
our	O
center	O
from	O
January	O
1	O
,	O
2000	O
through	O
August	O
31	O
,	O
2012	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
562	O
),	O
comparing	O
the	O
SSc	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
35	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
following	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
diagnostic	O
subsets	O
:	O
all	O
non	O
-	O
SSc	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
527	O
),	O
non	O
-	O
SSc	O
diffuse	O
fibrotic	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
264	O
),	O
and	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
SSc	O
matched	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
109	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
digestive	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
is	O
the	O
entry	O
site	O
for	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
).	O

We	O
examined	O
whether	O
RA	O
assist	O
parenteral	O
vaccination	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
could	O
improve	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

Porcine	B-SPEC
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
expressed	B-PROC
β7	B-PRGE
integrin	I-PRGE
and	O
CCR9	B-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
and	O
migrated	O
to	O
CCL25	B-PRGE
by	O
a	O
mechanism	O
that	O
was	O
dependent	O
of	O
activation	O
by	O
RA	O
-	O
pretreated	O
DCs	B-DISO
,	O
rather	O
than	O
direct	O
activation	O
by	O
RA	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
of	O
7	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
for	O
LRTI	B-DISO
in	O
4	O
capitals	O
from	O
this	O
region	O
,	O
and	O
investigate	O
their	O
association	O
with	O
several	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
including	O
meteorological	O
data	O
.	O

From	O
April	O
2012	O
to	O
March	O
2013	O
,	O
507	O
children	O
,	O
aged	O
up	O
to	O
24	O
months	O
and	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
LRTI	B-DISO
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
participating	O
centers	O
at	O
Aracajú	O
,	O
Salvador	O
,	O
Recife	O
,	O
and	O
Maceió	O
,	O
had	O
a	O
sample	O
of	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
collected	O
and	O
analyzed	O
for	O
the	O
following	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
followed	O
by	O
hybridization	O
on	O
low	O
-	O
density	O
microarrays	O
:	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Some	O
of	O
these	O
findings	O
differ	O
from	O
those	O
reported	O
for	O
other	O
regions	O
in	O
Brazil	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
guide	O
policies	O
that	O
address	O
LRTI	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
fundamental	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
the	O
article	O
also	O
focuses	O
on	O
established	O
and	O
modern	O
treatment	O
strategies	O
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
CCoV	O
and	O
CRCoV	O
rNPs	O
were	O
successfully	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
showed	O
antigenic	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
with	O
antisera	O
raised	O
against	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Large	O
-	O
scale	O
influenza	O
outbreaks	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
decade	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
H1N1	O
,	O
have	O
brought	O
to	O
global	O
attention	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
risk	O
communication	O
and	O
prompted	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
to	O
develop	O
communication	O
responses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
modern	O
intensive	O
care	O
medicine	O
,	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
frequently	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
from	O
the	O
first	O
experimental	O
and	O
clinical	O
applications	O
are	O
encouraging	O
:	O
it	O
is	O
expected	O
that	O
a	O
system	O
including	O
continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
and	O
ECCO2R	O
will	O
develop	O
from	O
the	O
current	O
pioneering	O
attempts	O
into	O
a	O
feasible	O
multiple	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
support	O
platform	O
to	O
become	O
commonly	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
routine	O
tool	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
.	O

MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
probably	O
was	O
multifocal	O
,	O
occurring	O
in	O
multiple	O
hospital	O
settings	O
.	O

The	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
CPA	O
system	O
was	O
further	O
optimized	O
for	O
detecting	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
in	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
call	O
for	O
epidemiologic	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
possible	O
scenarios	O
for	O
contact	O
and	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
,	O
and	O
raise	O
concern	O
regarding	O
the	O
adequacy	O
of	O
current	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
procedures	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
included	O
studies	O
that	O
compared	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
various	O
ways	O
of	O
donning	O
or	O
removing	O
PPE	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
various	O
types	O
of	O
training	O
in	O
PPE	B-CHED
use	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Different	O
types	O
of	O
PPE	B-CHED
versus	O
each	O
otherIn	O
simulation	O
studies	O
,	O
contamination	O
rates	O
varied	O
from	O
25	O
%	O
to	O
100	O
%	O
of	O
participants	O
for	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
PPE	B-CHED
.	O

One	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
assessed	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
active	O
training	O
-	O
defined	O
as	O
face	B-DISO
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
instruction	O
-	O
versus	O
passive	O
training	O
-	O
defined	O
as	O
folders	O
or	O
videos	O
-	O
on	O
noncompliance	O
with	O
PPE	B-CHED
use	O
and	O
on	O
noncompliance	O
with	O
doffing	O
guidance	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
all	O
come	O
from	O
single	O
studies	O
with	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
bias	B-SPEC
and	O
we	O
are	O
uncertain	O
about	O
the	O
estimates	O
of	O
effects	O
.	O

M	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
have	O
three	O
highly	O
similar	O
conserved	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
domains	O
and	O
a	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
incidence	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
complications	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
pelvis	B-ANAT
fractures	O
needing	O
intensive	O
care	O
have	O
not	O
previously	O
been	O
studied	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
who	O
developed	O
AHF	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
had	O
a	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
contusion	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
surgical	O
stabilization	O
was	O
performed	O
earlier	O
(	O
5	O
versus	O
10	O
days	O
)	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

The	O
patients	O
who	O
developed	O
AHF	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
had	O
a	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
contusion	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
surgical	O
stabilization	O
was	O
performed	O
earlier	O
(	O
5	O
versus	O
10	O
days	O
)	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Disease	O
-	O
specific	O
dynamic	O
biomarkers	O
selected	O
by	O
integrating	O
inflammatory	O
mediators	O
with	O
clinical	O
informatics	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
heterogeneous	O
syndrome	B-DISO
that	O
occurs	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
various	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
including	O
either	O
direct	O
or	O
indirect	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
systemic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
triggered	O
also	O
by	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
SP	O
).	O

Cellular	B-PRGE
kinases	I-PRGE
phosphorylate	O
BCX4430	O
to	O
a	O
triphosphate	B-CHED
that	O
mimics	O
ATP	B-CHED
;	O
viral	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerases	I-PRGE
incorporate	O
the	O
drug	O
'	O
s	O
monophosphate	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
into	O
the	O
growing	O
RNA	O
chain	O
,	O
causing	O
premature	O
chain	O
termination	O
.	O

Future	O
research	O
should	O
include	O
in	O
vitro	O
mechanism	O
studies	O
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
clinical	O
trials	O
,	O
including	O
dose	O
-	O
ranging	O
trials	O
,	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
combination	O
therapy	O
with	O
other	O
potential	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antivirals	B-CHED
.	O

Methods	O
Prospectively	O
,	O
CSF	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
41	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
investigated	O
,	O
including	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
histopathologically	O
confirmed	O
FIP	B-DISO
and	O
neurological	O
signs	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
),	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
confirmed	O
FIP	B-DISO
without	O
CNS	B-CHED
involvement	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
11	O
),	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
neurological	O
signs	O
but	O
another	O
confirmed	O
CNS	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
17	O
),	O
and	O
cats	B-SPEC
without	O
neurological	O
signs	O
and	O
a	O
disease	O
other	O
than	O
FIP	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
arterial	B-ANAT
hypoxemia	O
accompanied	O
by	O
severe	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
alterations	O
to	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
surfactant	B-CHED
system	O
.	O

Mmp3	B-PRGE
(-/-)	O
mice	B-SPEC
maintained	O
higher	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
compared	O
with	O
WT	O
mice	B-SPEC
at	O
the	O
completion	O
of	O
ventilation	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
further	O
support	O
a	O
role	O
of	O
Mmp3	B-PRGE
as	O
an	O
attractive	O
therapeutic	O
target	O
for	O
drug	O
development	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Cases	O
were	O
identified	O
using	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
'	O
s	O
Integrated	O
Management	O
of	O
Childhood	O
Illnesses	O
'	O
definition	O
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
a	O
dual	O
lumen	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
for	O
venovenous	O
extra	O
corporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
and	O
a	O
previously	O
inserted	O
inferior	B-ANAT
vena	I-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
filter	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

A	O
decreased	O
expression	B-PROC
pattern	O
of	O
induced	O
COX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
reduced	O
production	O
of	O
downstream	O
PGE2	B-CHED
occurred	O
upon	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
stimulation	O
in	O
G6PD	B-PRGE
-	O
kd	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
compared	O
with	O
scramble	O
control	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Because	O
prone	O
positioning	O
does	O
not	O
produce	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
intra	O
-	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
pressure	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
exert	B-PROC
deleterious	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
microcirculation	B-PROC
of	O
intra	O
-	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
organs	I-ANAT
.	O

LCA60	O
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
generated	O
using	O
the	O
Cellclone	O
Technology	O
from	O
the	O
immortalized	O
B	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
donor	B-CHED
recovering	O
from	O
MERS	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
the	O
LCA60	O
antibody	B-COMP
is	O
being	O
considered	O
for	O
clinical	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
includes	O
prophylaxis	O
in	O
individuals	O
at	O
risk	O
and	O
a	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	O
.	O

A	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
,	O
YC2014	O
,	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
2014	O
.	O

The	O
S	O
gene	O
sequence	O
of	O
YC2014	O
shared	O
only	O
93	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
~	O
94	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
identities	O
with	O
classical	O
CV777	O
,	O
DR13	O
and	O
JS2008	O
strains	O
,	O
with	O
15	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
insertion	O
in	O
three	O
sites	O
and	O
three	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
deletion	O
in	O
one	O
site	O
.	O

The	O
YC2014	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
could	O
provide	O
piglets	O
against	O
homologous	O
challenge	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Guidelines	O
for	O
the	O
Laboratory	O
Diagnosis	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

Silver	B-CHED
nanoparticles	B-CHED
have	O
demonstrated	O
strong	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
,	O
and	O
graphene	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
potential	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
material	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
large	O
surface	O
area	O
,	O
high	O
carrier	O
mobility	O
,	O
and	O
biocompatibility	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
SYBR	B-CHED
green	I-CHED
I	I-CHED
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
test	O
described	O
herein	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
rapidly	O
distinguish	O
IBV	O
from	O
other	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
in	O
Morocco	O
.	O

G	O
-	O
N	O
lesions	O
exhibited	O
a	O
necrotic	B-PROC
center	O
surrounded	O
by	O
abundant	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
some	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
,	O
plasma	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
a	O
few	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serological	O
Study	O
of	O
An	O
Imported	O
Case	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
His	O
Close	O
Contacts	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
acute	O
hypovolemia	O
on	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
secondary	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
previous	O
study	O
including	O
8	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
induced	O
by	O
lung	B-ANAT
lavage	O
and	O
surfactant	B-CHED
depletion	O
method	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
)	O
and	O
10	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
no	O
intervention	O
(	O
CTRL	O
group	O
).	O

In	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
,	O
after	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
shunt	O
decreased	O
(-	O
28	O
+/-	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
model	O
does	O
not	O
consider	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
blood	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
induced	O
decrease	O
of	O
DO2	O
on	O
other	O
vital	O
organs	B-ANAT
function	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
not	O
treatable	O
with	O
the	O
currently	O
available	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapies	O
.	O

Dexmedetomidine	B-CHED
(	O
DEX	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
sedative	B-CHED
that	O
produces	O
minimal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
with	O
opioid	O
-	O
sparing	O
effects	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
outcome	O
measure	O
was	O
the	O
mean	O
time	O
in	O
target	O
RASS	O
(	O
0	O
=	O
alert	O
and	O
calm	O
to	O
-	O
2	O
=	O
light	O
sedation	B-DISO
).	O

Dexmedetomidine	B-CHED
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
significantly	O
more	O
hypotension	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
clinical	O
analysis	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
adult	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

Mean	O
time	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
before	O
ECMO	O
therapy	O
was	O
(	O
71	O
±	O
25	O
)	O
h	O
.	O
The	O
main	O
factors	O
(	O
the	O
lowest	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
and	O
pH	O
,	O
the	O
highest	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
PaCO2	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
lactate	B-CHED
level	O
,	O
the	O
grade	O
of	O
APACHEⅡ	O
,	O
Murray	O
and	O
SOFA	O
)	O
between	O
the	O
ECMO	O
group	O
and	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
were	O
not	O
significantly	O
different	O
(	O
all	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Our	O
experience	O
suggests	O
that	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
life	O
support	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
should	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
possible	O
when	O
the	O
ECMO	O
criteria	O
are	O
met	B-CHED
.	O

None	O
of	O
them	O
had	O
a	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

More	O
than	O
100	O
diferent	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
associated	O
with	O
these	O
mammals	B-SPEC
,	O
particularly	O
Rhabdoviridae	B-SPEC
(	O
Lyssavirus	B-SPEC
like	O
rabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
),	O
Paramyxoviridae	B-SPEC
(	O
like	O
Nipah	O
and	O
Hendra	O
viruses	B-SPEC
),	O
Filoviridae	B-SPEC
(	O
Ebola	O
and	O
Marburg	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
Coronavirida	O
(	O
viruses	B-SPEC
causing	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
MERS	O
).	O

For	O
those	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
bats	B-SPEC
are	O
efficient	O
reservoirs	O
and	O
disseminators	O
.	O

Besides	O
mature	O
ERfibs	O
,	O
immature	O
Erfibs	O
without	O
associations	O
with	O
other	O
extracellular	B-PRGE
matrix	I-PRGE
components	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
laminin	I-PRGE
and	O
collagen	B-COMP
appeared	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
creates	O
a	O
unique	O
conduit	O
system	O
for	O
immune	O
communication	O
triggered	O
by	O
viral	O
invasion	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
more	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
common	O
and	O
complex	O
inflammatory	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Certain	O
types	O
of	O
miRNAs	O
are	O
abnormally	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
response	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
appropriate	O
host	B-COMP
to	O
produce	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
VP8	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
by	O
induction	O
of	O
IPTG	B-CHED
at	O
concentration	O
of	O
1mM	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
Ni	O
-	O
NTA	B-CHED
column	B-ANAT
,	O
dot	O
-	O
blotting	O
analysis	O
and	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
electrophoresis	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
appropriate	O
host	B-COMP
to	O
produce	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
VP8	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
was	O
suspected	O
to	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
Pneumocystis	B-SPEC
carinii	I-SPEC
and	O
cotrimoxazol	O
therapy	O
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
anti	O
-	O
retroviral	B-SPEC
therapy	O
were	O
established	O
.	O

The	O
genetic	O
information	O
for	O
these	O
novel	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
will	O
improve	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
with	O
potentially	O
important	O
implications	O
for	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
diseases	O
.	O

To	O
conduct	B-PROC
a	O
nationwide	O
survey	O
of	O
critical	O
care	O
physicians	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
regarding	O
accepted	O
definitions	O
and	O
management	O
strategies	O
for	O
severe	O
and	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
the	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
and	O
a	O
molecular	O
complex	O
between	O
an	O
inactive	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
variant	I-PRGE
C144A	I-PRGE
bound	O
to	O
a	O
peptide	B-CHED
substrate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inverted	O
stress	O
-	O
induced	O
cardiomyopathy	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
unusual	O
variant	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
cesarean	O
delivery	O
-	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
low	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
she	O
demanded	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
inotropic	O
agents	O
.	O

Further	O
research	O
surrounding	O
sedative	B-CHED
requirements	O
,	O
clearance	O
,	O
and	O
patient	O
response	O
during	O
ECMO	O
is	O
required	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Although	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
ECMO	O
during	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
maximum	O
sedation	B-DISO
exposure	O
that	O
was	O
both	O
greater	O
and	O
took	O
longer	O
to	O
reach	B-PROC
,	O
factors	O
other	O
than	O
ECMO	O
,	O
particularly	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
opioid	O
administration	O
,	O
appeared	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
account	O
for	O
this	O
maximum	O
sedation	B-DISO
use	O
.	O

The	O
effect	O
of	O
HFNC	O
applied	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
imported	O
MERS	O
patient	O
with	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
to	O
China	O
was	O
observed	O
.	O

Oxygen	B-CHED
treatment	O
was	O
stopped	O
on	O
the	O
23rd	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
SpO2	O
was	O
maintained	O
at	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
.	O

Each	O
observed	O
indicator	B-CHED
was	O
analyzed	O
by	O
univariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
factors	O
leading	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
were	O
further	O
analyzed	O
by	O
logistic	O
regression	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Compared	O
with	O
the	O
survival	O
group	O
,	O
the	O
age	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
survival	O
group	O
was	O
older	O
(	O
years	O
old	O
:	O
51	O
.	O
50	O
±	O
18	O
.	O
31	O
vs	O
.	O
45	O
.	O
54	O
±	O
14	O
.	O
70	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
456	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
016	O
);	O
SCr	O
was	O
increased	O
(	O
µmol	O
/	O
L	O
:	O
94	O
.	O
18	O
±	O
65	O
.	O
51	O
vs	O
.	O
72	O
.	O
42	O
±	O
28	O
.	O
22	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
611	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
);	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
30	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
23	O
vs	O
.	O
16	O
.	O
38	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
19	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
353	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
SOFA	O
score	O
were	O
higher	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
84	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
68	O
vs	O
.	O
4	O
.	O
43	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
75	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
049	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
);	O
and	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
intubation	O
[	O
79	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
51	O
/	O
64	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
42	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
141	O
/	O
330	O
),	O
χ²	O
=	O
29	O
.	O
309	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
]	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
was	O
also	O
higher	O
[	O
48	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
31	O
/	O
64	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
30	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
100	O
/	O
330	O
),	O
χ²	O
=	O
18	O
.	O
512	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
],	O
but	O
PLT	O
count	O
(	O
X	O
10⁹	O
/	O
L	O
:	O
112	O
.	O
75	O
±	O
59	O
.	O
85	O
vs	O
.	O
144	O
.	O
12	O
±	O
68	O
.	O
28	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
428	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
GCS	O
score	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
44	O
±	O
4	O
.	O
20	O
vs	O
.	O
11	O
.	O
02	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
93	O
,	O
t	O
=	O
8	O
.	O
449	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
of	O
the	O
late	O
group	O
were	O
subdivided	O
into	O
6	O
-	O
hour	O
and	O
24	O
-	O
hour	O
reaching	B-PROC
standard	O
groups	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
reaching	B-PROC
standard	O
group	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
reaching	O
standard	O
of	O
EGDT	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
late	O
group	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
shown	O
by	O
single	O
factor	O
analysis	O
that	O
the	O
age	O
,	O
the	O
case	O
history	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
infection	B-DISO
sites	I-DISO
,	O
WBC	B-ANAT
,	O
pH	O
value	O
,	O
Lac	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
ScvO₂	O
before	O
treatment	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
hour	O
urine	B-ANAT
output	O
after	O
treatment	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
with	O
failure	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
within	O
1	O
hour	O
,	O
and	O
incidence	O
of	O
AKI	O
or	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
within	O
24	O
hours	O
were	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
or	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
Lac	B-CHED
in	O
6	O
-	O
hour	O
EGDT	O
group	O
was	O
lowered	O
more	O
significantly	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
that	O
in	O
24	O
-	O
hour	O
EGDT	O
group	O
(	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
64	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
40	O
vs	O
.	O
3	O
.	O
01	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
13	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
while	O
MAP	O
and	O
ScvO2	O
were	O
increased	O
significantly	O
[	O
MAP	O
(	O
mmHg	O
):	O
81	O
.	O
82	O
±	O
18	O
.	O
01	O
vs	O
.	O
69	O
.	O
01	O
±	O
9	O
.	O
63	O
;	O
ScvO₂	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
718	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
034	O
vs	O
.	O
0	O
.	O
658	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
036	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
and	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
for	O
the	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
various	O
US	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Concurrently	O
,	O
several	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
variants	O
are	O
circulating	O
in	O
US	O
swine	B-SPEC
farms	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
original	O
US	O
and	O
the	O
spike	O
insertion	O
-	O
deletion	O
(	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
)	O
strains	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
cytomegalovirus	I-SPEC
and	O
Epstein	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Barr	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
is	O
increasingly	O
reported	O
even	O
without	O
canonical	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
study	O
aims	O
to	O
characterize	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
),	O
describe	O
the	O
initial	O
ED	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
,	O
and	O
assess	O
for	O
associations	O
between	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
in	O
the	O
ED	O
and	O
outcomes	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
a	O
multicenter	O
,	O
prospective	O
,	O
observational	O
study	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
at	O
3	O
academic	O
EDs	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
review	O
includes	O
verotoxin	O
-	O
producing	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
O104	O
:	O
H4	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
chikungunya	B-DISO
and	O
cholera	B-DISO
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
infect	O
multiple	O
host	B-COMP
species	B-SPEC
and	O
cause	O
severe	O
diseases	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Trigger	O
factor	O
assisted	O
soluble	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

Detection	O
was	O
enhanced	O
more	O
than	O
10	O
-	O
fold	O
when	O
coupled	O
to	O
plaque	B-DISO
assays	O
and	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
tails	B-ANAT
of	O
some	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
)	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
contain	O
an	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
retrieval	O
signal	O
(	O
ERRS	O
)	O
that	O
can	O
retrieve	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
from	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
);	O
this	O
process	O
is	O
thought	O
to	O
accumulate	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
at	O
the	O
CoV	B-SPEC
budding	B-PATH
site	O
,	O
the	O
ER	B-COMP
-	I-COMP
Golgi	I-COMP
intermediate	I-COMP
compartment	I-COMP
(	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
),	O
and	O
to	O
facilitate	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
incorporation	O
into	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
ERRS	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
contributes	O
to	O
intracellular	B-COMP
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
accumulation	O
specifically	O
in	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
medial	B-ANAT
Golgi	I-ANAT
compartment	B-ANAT
and	O
to	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
incorporation	O
into	O
VLPs	B-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
I	O
argue	O
that	O
people	O
wear	O
a	O
facemask	O
not	O
merely	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
,	O
and	O
various	O
sociocultural	O
reasons	O
have	O
been	O
motivating	O
people	O
to	O
wear	O
(	O
and	O
not	O
wear	O
)	O
a	O
facemask	O
.	O

These	O
cases	O
were	O
secondary	O
to	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
cases	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
also	O
cause	O
family	B-SPEC
outbreaks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Profound	O
opiate	O
toxicity	O
in	O
gastroparesis	B-DISO
following	O
therapeutic	O
dose	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
conditions	O
including	O
diabetes	B-DISO
,	O
Parkinson	B-PATH
'	I-PATH
s	I-PATH
disease	I-PATH
,	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
,	O
previous	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
surgeries	O
and	O
connective	B-DISO
tissue	I-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
scleroderma	B-DISO
and	O
Ehlers	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Danlos	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
20	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
Ehlers	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Danlos	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
who	O
developed	O
respiratory	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
after	O
being	O
administered	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
dose	O
of	O
morphine	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
patient	O
required	O
further	O
support	O
from	O
intensive	O
care	O
until	O
she	O
recovered	O
,	O
and	O
eventually	O
underwent	O
a	O
gastric	B-ANAT
pacing	O
procedure	O
for	O
symptomatic	O
relief	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
extensively	O
review	O
what	O
is	O
currently	O
known	O
about	O
ZIKV	O
,	O
from	O
molecular	O
biology	O
,	O
transmission	O
routes	O
,	O
ecology	O
,	O
and	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
to	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
prophylaxis	O
,	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

Following	O
mouse	O
immunization	O
and	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
generation	O
,	O
we	O
selected	O
seven	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
clones	O
that	O
produced	O
mAbs	O
with	O
exclusive	O
reactivity	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
NP	O
.	O

After	O
subcloning	O
,	O
one	O
strain	O
of	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
named	O
1B2	O
secreting	B-PROC
porcine	B-SPEC
BST	O
-	O
2	O
protein	B-CHED
monoclonal	B-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
(	O
MAb	O
)	O
was	O
obtained	O
.	O

Bootstrap	O
studies	O
indicated	O
that	O
almost	O
500	O
patients	O
would	O
be	O
needed	O
to	O
confirm	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
mortality	O
from	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
(	O
type	O
I	O
error	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
,	O
power	O
=	O
80	O
%).	O
Blastomycosis	B-DISO
is	O
an	O
uncommon	O
,	O
albeit	O
important	O
,	O
cause	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
this	O
geographic	O
area	O
.	O

All	O
RVA	O
isolates	O
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
LSI	O
VetMAX	O
™	O
Triplex	O
Ruminant	B-SPEC
Rotavirus	B-SPEC
&	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Real	O
-	O
Time	O
PCR	O
kit	B-FUNC
.	O

The	O
first	O
sign	O
of	O
CPE	O
detected	O
consisted	O
of	O
increased	O
cell	B-COMP
granularity	O
,	O
obscure	O
cell	B-COMP
boundaries	O
,	O
cell	B-COMP
rounding	O
,	O
and	O
eventual	O
degeneration	B-DISO
and	O
detachment	B-DISO
of	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Our	O
study	O
constitutes	O
a	O
crucial	O
and	O
a	O
necessary	O
step	O
allowing	O
preventive	O
and	O
veterinary	O
medicine	B-CHED
to	O
support	O
RVA	O
disease	O
controls	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
aims	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
general	O
overview	O
on	O
IB	O
disease	O
distribution	O
in	O
African	O
countries	O
and	O
an	O
update	O
on	O
the	O
available	O
studies	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
variants	O
in	O
each	O
country	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
immune	O
responses	O
in	O
control	O
dogs	B-SPEC
[	O
1	O
to	O
4	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
condition	B-DISO
score	O
(	O
BCS	O
):	O
4	O
to	O
5	O
out	O
of	O
9	O
]	O
were	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
aging	B-PROC
dogs	B-SPEC
(	O
based	O
on	O
breed	B-PROC
and	O
body	B-ANAT
size	O
)	O
either	O
categorized	O
as	O
lean	O
(	O
BCS	O
:	O
4	O
to	O
5	O
out	O
of	O
9	O
)	O
or	O
obese	B-DISO
(	O
BCS	O
:	O
8	O
to	O
9	O
out	O
of	O
9	O
).	O

Molecular	O
simulation	O
study	O
and	O
surface	O
plasmon	O
resonance	O
analysis	O
confirmed	O
that	O
compound	O
8	O
stabilized	O
HA2	O
subunit	O
of	O
hemagglutinin	O
(	O
HA	O
)	O
by	O
binding	B-FUNC
with	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
LYS	B-CHED
-	O
26	O
,	O
ASN	B-CHED
-	O
53	O
,	O
ASN	B-CHED
-	O
27	O
and	O
ASN	B-CHED
-	O
50	O
,	O
therefore	O
may	O
prevent	O
HA	O
from	O
conformational	O
rearranging	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
critical	O
step	O
for	O
viral	O
entry	O
.	O

Diagnosis	O
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
on	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
three	O
(	O
74	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
utilized	O
viral	O
metagenomic	O
sequencing	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
virome	O
of	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
feedlot	O
cattle	B-SPEC
with	O
acute	O
BRD	O
and	O
asymptomatic	O
pen	O
-	O
mates	B-SPEC
at	O
six	O
and	O
four	O
feedlots	O
in	O
Mexico	O
and	O
the	O
USA	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
April	O
-	O
October	O
2015	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
one	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
,	O
with	O
bovine	B-SPEC
rhinitis	B-DISO
A	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
and	O
B	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
24	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
being	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
identified	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
other	O
two	O
groups	O
showed	O
evidence	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
excretion	B-PROC
occurred	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
2	O
weeks	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
any	O
effect	O
of	O
wild	O
and	O
vaccine	O
Australian	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
strains	O
on	O
shell	B-ANAT
colour	O
in	O
brown	O
-	O
shelled	O
eggs	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
PP	O
IX	O
/	O
g	O
of	O
shell	B-ANAT
with	O
and	O
without	O
cuticle	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
on	O
day	O
1	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
with	O
anti	O
-	O
Lys48	O
and	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Lys63	I-PRGE
ubiquitin	B-PROC
antibodies	I-PRGE
indicated	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
PLPro	O
removed	O
Lys63	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
linked	I-PRGE
ubiquitin	I-PRGE
chains	I-PRGE
of	O
TRAF3	B-PRGE
and	O
TRAF6	B-PRGE
,	O
but	O
not	O
Lys48	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
linked	I-PRGE
ubiquitin	I-PRGE
chains	I-PRGE
in	O
un	O
-	O
treated	O
and	O
treated	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Northern	O
blot	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
at	O
least	O
seven	O
distinct	O
RNA	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
corresponding	O
to	O
predicted	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
and	O
confirming	O
the	O
core	O
sequence	O
of	O
transcription	B-PROC
regulatory	O
sequence	O
motifs	O
as	O
5	O
'-	O
UCUAAAC	O
-	O
3	O
'	O
as	O
we	O
predicted	O
previously	O
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
DcCoV	O
UAE	O
-	O
HKU23	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
58	O
(	O
98	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
and	O
59	O
(	O
100	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
59	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
and	O
neutralization	O
antibody	B-COMP
tests	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

SILA	O
is	O
a	O
relatively	O
common	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
salbutamol	B-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
moderate	O
/	O
severe	O
asthma	B-PATH
exacerbations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Patient	O
characteristics	O
infected	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
hospital	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
April	O
2014	O
,	O
a	O
surge	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
seen	O
in	O
Jeddah	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

During	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
target	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
,	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
cellular	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
its	O
S2	O
subunit	O
HR1	O
and	O
HR2	O
regions	O
intact	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
stable	O
six	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
to	O
mediate	O
the	O
fusion	O
between	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
target	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
.	O

The	O
potential	O
drugs	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
mainly	O
consist	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
peptides	B-CHED
and	O
small	O
molecular	O
agents	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
End	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
Expiratory	I-PROC
Lung	B-PROC
Volume	I-PROC
in	O
Patients	O
with	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
Time	O
Course	O
Analysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lung	O
injury	O
can	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
ventilation	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
physiological	O
lung	B-ANAT
stress	O
(	O
transpulmonary	O
pressure	O
)	O
and	O
strain	O
[	O
inflated	O
volume	O
over	O
functional	B-PROC
residual	I-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
ratio	O
(	O
FRC	B-PROC
)].	O

EELV	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
significantly	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
7	O
days	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Bedside	O
measurement	O
of	O
EELV	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
novel	O
approach	O
to	O
individualise	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
calculation	O
of	O
dynamic	O
strain	O
as	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
VT	O
to	O
EELV	O
.	O

None	O
of	O
them	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
travel	O
,	O
contact	O
with	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
consumption	O
of	O
camel	B-SPEC
milk	O
products	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
had	O
contact	O
with	O
a	O
person	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
in	O
Saudi	O
-	O
Arabia	O
and	O
experienced	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
rapid	O
control	O
of	O
an	O
outbreak	O
is	O
important	O
for	O
reducing	O
the	O
financial	O
losses	O
arising	O
from	O
PED	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Bats	B-SPEC
harbor	O
genetically	O
diverse	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
SL	O
-	O
CoVs	O
),	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
have	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
interspecies	O
transmission	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
a	O
ronivirus	O
,	O
gill	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
associated	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
GAV	O
),	O
encodes	O
the	O
2	B-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
activity	O
,	O
although	O
we	O
could	O
not	O
detect	O
2	B-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
activity	O
for	O
the	O
homologous	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
a	O
torovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
equine	B-SPEC
torovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
which	O
is	O
more	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Role	O
of	O
Human	B-SPEC
Coronaviruses	O
in	O
Children	O
Hospitalized	O
for	O
Acute	B-DISO
Bronchiolitis	I-DISO
,	O
Acute	B-DISO
Gastroenteritis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
Febrile	B-DISO
Seizures	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
2	O
-	O
Year	O
Prospective	O
Study	O
.	O

It	O
seems	O
that	O
an	O
etiological	O
role	O
of	O
HCoVs	O
is	O
most	O
likely	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
FS	O
,	O
considering	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
proportion	O
of	O
positive	O
HCoVs	O
results	O
than	O
patients	O
with	O
AB	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
AGE	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
the	O
highest	O
viral	O
load	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
co	O
-	O
detection	O
of	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
52	O
.	O
6	O
%.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
failures	O
,	O
ACLF	O
is	O
graded	O
into	O
three	O
stages	O
:	O
ACLF	O
-	O
1	O
=	O
single	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
or	O
single	O
nonrenal	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
if	O
associated	O
with	O
renal	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
dysfunction	I-DISO
;	O
ACLF	O
-	O
2	O
=	O
two	O
organ	O
failures	O
;	O
and	O
ACLF	O
-	O
3	O
=	O
three	O
to	O
six	O
organ	B-ANAT
failures	O
,	O
with	O
increasing	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
rate	O
(	O
from	O
23	O
%-	O
74	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
induces	O
Egr	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
TGF	O
-	O
β1	O
via	O
ROS	B-CHED
/	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
/	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
pro	B-CHED
)	I-PRGE
structure	O
and	O
comparison	O
to	O
other	O
coronaviral	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)'	O
s	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
alpha	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
phylogeny	O
shows	O
that	O
the	O
overall	O
structures	O
and	O
active	O
site	O
architectures	O
across	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
)'	O
s	O
are	O
conserved	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
a	O
loop	O
that	O
comprises	O
the	O
protease	O
S2	O
pocket	O
.	O

Structural	O
comparison	O
reveals	O
that	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
residues	O
involved	O
in	O
(	O
R	O
)-	O
16	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
pro	B-PRGE
)	O
are	O
conserved	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
3CL	O
(	O
pro	B-CHED
);	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
sequence	O
variation	O
and	O
positional	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
loop	O
forming	O
the	O
S2	O
pocket	O
may	O
account	O
for	O
large	O
observed	O
difference	O
in	O
IC50	O
values	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Some	O
serum	B-COMP
acute	O
phase	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
immunoglobulins	O
concentrations	O
in	O
calves	O
with	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	O
,	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
F5	O
and	O
Eimeria	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

SAA	O
and	O
Hp	O
levels	O
of	O
the	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
and	O
group	O
P	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
group	O
V	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
four	O
typical	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
ingredients	O
from	O
QF	O
,	O
arctigenin	O
(	O
ATG	O
),	O
cholic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
CLA	B-CHED
),	O
chlorogenic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
CGA	O
)	O
and	O
sinapic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
SPA	O
),	O
regulate	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
and	O
related	O
targets	O
were	O
investigated	O
using	O
molecular	O
biology	O
and	O
molecular	O
docking	B-PROC
techniques	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
malaria	B-PATH
:	O
evaluation	O
of	O
three	O
imported	O
cases	O
].	O

Parasitological	O
examination	O
of	O
the	O
Giemsa	O
-	O
stained	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
smear	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
patients	O
demonstrated	O
ring	O
forms	O
compatible	O
with	O
P	B-DISO
.	I-DISO
falciparum	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
provided	O
a	O
novel	O
treatment	O
strategy	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
by	O
modulating	O
the	O
balance	B-PROC
of	O
Treg	O
/	O
Th17	O
and	O
the	O
subsequent	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
via	O
cAMP	B-PROC
signaling	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
requires	O
pre	O
-	O
clinical	O
and	O
clinical	O
validation	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
five	O
scoping	O
reviews	O
,	O
a	O
commentary	O
,	O
a	O
letter	O
to	O
the	O
editor	O
,	O
an	O
opinion	O
piece	O
and	O
an	O
editorial	O
pertaining	O
to	O
the	O
theme	O
""""	O
Elimination	B-PROC
of	O
tropical	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
through	O
surveillance	O
and	O
response	O
"""."	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
reports	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
validation	O
of	O
specific	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
assays	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
two	O
major	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotypes	O
:	O
South	O
America	O
I	O
(	O
SAI	O
)	O
and	O
Asia	O
/	O
South	O
America	O
II	O
(	O
A	O
/	O
SAII	O
).	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
this	O
preference	O
for	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
proline	O
residues	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
Hendra	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
peptides	B-CHED
presented	O
by	O
Ptal	B-ENZY
-	O
N	O
*	O
01	O
:	O
01	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Six	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
piglets	O
born	O
to	O
vaccinated	O
or	O
unvaccinated	O
sows	O
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
the	O
homogeneous	O
KNU	O
-	O
141112	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mortality	O
predictors	O
in	O
recipients	O
developing	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
after	O
kidney	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
within	O
6	O
months	O
after	O
transplantation	O
(	O
76	O
/	O
94	O
;	O
80	O
.	O
9	O
%).	O

There	O
were	O
39	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
these	O
recipients	O
(	O
39	O
/	O
94	O
;	O
41	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

Infection	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
mortality	O
in	O
kidney	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
serum	B-COMP
creatinine	B-CHED
level	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

How	O
the	O
switch	B-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
substrate	O
specificity	O
was	O
realized	O
remained	O
unresolved	O
,	O
however	O
.	O

After	O
excluding	O
88	O
patients	O
(	O
40	O
with	O
AE	O
-	O
COPD	B-DISO
and	O
48	O
with	O
CP	O
-	O
COPD	B-DISO
)	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
undergo	O
a	O
multiplex	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
test	O
for	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
demographic	O
characteristics	O
,	O
identified	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
of	O
the	O
AE	O
-	O
COPD	B-DISO
and	O
CP	O
-	O
COPD	B-DISO
groups	O
were	O
compared	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
AE	O
-	O
COPD	B-DISO
group	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
versus	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
24	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
CP	O
-	O
COPD	B-DISO
group	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
discuss	O
the	O
properties	O
of	O
current	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
diagnostic	O
assays	O
and	O
prospects	O
for	O
improving	O
diagnostic	O
strategies	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Relationship	O
between	O
different	O
enteric	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
broiler	O
flocks	O
in	O
Jordan	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
diabetes	B-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
(	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
overlap	O
between	O
acute	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
hyperglycaemia	B-DISO
and	O
diabetic	O
hyperglycaemia	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
excluded	O
.	O

About	O
34	O
(	O
40	O
%)	O
of	O
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
with	O
hyperglycaemia	B-DISO
(	O
RBS	B-DISO
≥	O
200	O
mg	O
/	O
dl	O
)	O
over	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

It	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
predictive	O
factor	O
for	O
mortality	O
rate	O
,	O
ICU	O
stay	O
,	O
GCS	O
arrival	O
,	O
VAP	O
&	O
RDS	O
,	O
hospital	O
stay	O
and	O
ISS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Hyperglycaemia	B-DISO
after	O
severe	O
TBI	O
(	O
RBS	B-DISO
≥	O
200	O
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
poor	O
outcome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Transmission	O
in	O
Extended	O
Family	B-SPEC
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
2014	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Preclinical	O
development	O
of	O
and	O
research	O
on	O
potential	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
medical	O
countermeasures	O
remain	O
preliminary	O
;	O
advancements	O
are	O
needed	O
before	O
most	O
countermeasures	O
are	O
ready	O
to	O
be	O
tested	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Receptor	O
Interacting	O
Protein	B-CHED
3	O
-	O
Mediated	O
Necroptosis	B-DISO
Promotes	O
Lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
-	O
Induced	O
Inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Necrosis	B-PROC
amplifies	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
plays	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Necroptosis	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
programmed	O
necrosis	B-PROC
that	O
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
receptor	B-PRGE
interacting	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
RIP3	B-PRGE
).	O

Results	O
showed	O
that	O
in	O
high	O
dose	O
LPS	B-DISO
(	O
30mg	O
/	O
kg	O
and	O
40mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
-	O
induced	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
RIP3	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
increased	O
significantly	O
,	O
accompanied	O
by	O
increases	O
of	O
p	O
-	O
RIP3	B-PRGE
and	O
MLKL	B-PRGE
,	O
while	O
in	O
low	O
dose	O
LPS	B-DISO
(	O
10mg	O
/	O
kg	O
and	O
20mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
-	O
induced	O
mild	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
was	O
remarkably	O
increased	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
concluded	O
that	O
RIP3	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
necroptosis	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
major	O
mechanism	O
of	O
enhanced	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
high	O
dose	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Three	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
HCoV	O
(	O
9	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Detected	O
antibody	B-COMP
prevalence	O
was	O
90	O
%	O
for	O
CAV	B-SPEC
,	O
28	O
%	O
for	O
CCV	B-DISO
,	O
12	O
%	O
for	O
CDV	B-CHED
,	O
93	O
%	O
for	O
CHV	O
,	O
0	O
%	O
for	O
CPI	B-DISO
,	O
20	O
%	O
for	O
CPV	B-SPEC
,	O
0	O
%	O
for	O
N	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
caninum	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
86	O
%	O
for	O
T	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
gondii	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
following	O
day	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
was	O
put	O
on	O
a	O
respirator	O
.	O

Japanese	B-DISO
spotted	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
is	O
noted	O
to	O
occur	O
in	O
any	O
place	O
other	O
than	O
Kobe	O
City	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
γ	O
-	O
Hydroxybutyrate	O
(	O
GHB	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
drug	O
of	O
abuse	B-DISO
and	O
poses	O
important	O
health	O
risks	O
to	O
users	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
respiratory	O
,	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
,	O
mental	O
,	O
or	O
traumatic	O
adverse	O
events	O
.	O

After	O
acute	O
treatment	O
has	O
passed	O
,	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
could	O
be	O
severe	O
in	O
chronic	O
abusers	O
that	O
could	O
harm	O
the	O
patient	O
directly	O
or	O
drive	O
them	O
back	O
into	O
reuse	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Case	O
of	O
Acute	O
Motor	O
Axonal	B-DISO
Neuropathy	I-DISO
Mimicking	O
Brain	B-DISO
Death	B-PROC
and	O
Review	O
of	O
the	O
Literature	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
describe	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
of	O
fulminant	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	O
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
mimicking	O
brain	B-DISO
death	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
previously	O
healthy	O
60	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
neurointensive	O
care	O
unit	O
after	O
developing	O
rapidly	O
progressive	O
weakness	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Transcranial	O
Doppler	O
(	O
TCD	B-DISO
)	O
ultrasound	O
showed	O
appropriate	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
to	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
.	O

Determinants	O
revealed	O
for	O
polyUb	O
(	O
Lys48	O
)	O
specificity	O
should	O
prove	O
useful	O
in	O
understanding	O
PLpro	O
deubiquitinating	O
activities	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
it	O
might	O
improve	O
the	O
delivery	O
of	O
aerosolised	O
bronchodilators	O
in	O
obstructive	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
general	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
Vascular	B-ANAT
Dysfunction	O
and	O
Cor	B-DISO
Pulmonale	I-DISO
During	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Sicklers	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
a	O
predominant	O
role	O
for	O
PVD	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
circuit	O
for	O
Panton	O
-	O
Valentine	O
leukocidin	O
-	O
producing	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
necrotizing	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

PVL	O
-	O
SA	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
extensive	O
parenchymal	O
injuries	O
,	O
including	O
necrotic	B-PROC
and	O
hemorrhagic	O
complications	O
.	O

These	O
viruses	B-SPEC
infect	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
and	O
cause	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
dehydration	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
.	O

Type	O
I	O
interferons	O
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
)	O
are	O
major	O
antiviral	B-CHED
cytokines	O
forming	O
host	B-COMP
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
in	O
turn	O
,	O
these	O
enteric	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
evolved	O
to	O
modulate	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
innate	O
immune	O
signaling	B-PROC
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emergence	O
of	O
the	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
as	O
a	O
global	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
underlies	O
the	O
urgent	O
need	O
for	O
deeper	O
understanding	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
major	O
reason	O
is	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
genetic	O
tools	O
for	O
studying	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
activates	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
and	O
JNK1	B-PRGE
/	O
2	O
up	O
to	O
24h	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
,	O
thereafter	O
their	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
levels	O
recede	O
to	O
baseline	O
levels	O
or	O
even	O
fall	O
below	O
them	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
independent	O
treatments	O
with	O
either	O
SAPK	B-FUNC
inhibitor	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
inhibit	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptotic	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
death	I-PROC
mediated	O
by	O
activation	O
of	O
mitochondrial	B-PRGE
apoptosis	B-PATH
-	I-PRGE
inducing	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
AIF	B-PRGE
)	O
suggesting	O
that	O
SAPKs	O
are	O
irrelevant	O
to	O
the	O
apoptosis	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
during	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
developed	O
an	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
targeting	B-PROC
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
EqCoV	O
and	O
validated	O
its	O
use	O
,	O
using	O
acute	O
and	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
83	O
adult	O
horses	B-SPEC
involved	O
in	O
6	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

The	O
EqCoV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
reliably	O
detect	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
EqCoV	O
in	O
naturally	O
infected	O
horses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
findings	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
suggest	O
that	O
during	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
outbreak	O
,	O
emergency	B-DISO
nurses	O
experienced	O
ethical	O
problems	O
tied	O
to	O
a	O
mind	O
-	O
set	O
of	O
avoiding	O
patients	O
.	O

Three	O
factors	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
influence	O
emergency	B-DISO
nurses	O
'	O
ethical	O
problems	O
(	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
of	O
influence	O
):	O
cognition	B-PROC
of	O
social	O
stigmatization	O
,	O
level	O
of	O
agreement	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
,	O
and	O
perceived	O
risk	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Through	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
obtained	O
information	O
on	O
emergency	B-DISO
nurses	O
'	O
ethical	O
problems	O
during	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
outbreak	O
and	O
identified	O
the	O
factors	O
that	O
influence	O
them	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
to	O
ORF1ab	O
and	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
putative	O
proteins	B-CHED
encoded	O
by	O
ORF3	O
,	O
ORF4a	O
,	O
ORF4b	O
,	O
ORF5	O
and	O
ORF8b	O
in	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
genome	O
do	O
not	O
share	O
homology	O
with	O
any	O
known	O
host	B-COMP
or	O
virus	B-SPEC
protein	B-CHED
,	O
other	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
its	O
closely	O
related	O
lineage	O
C	O
ßCoVs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Corrigendum	O
to	O
""""	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Outbreak	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
,	O
2015	O
""""	O
[	O
Volume	O
6	O
,	O
Issue	O
4	O
,	O
August	O
2015	O
,	O
269	O
-	O
278	O
].	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
)	O
who	O
were	O
exposed	O
to	O
a	O
MERS	O
patient	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
his	O
body	B-ANAT
fluids	I-ANAT
in	O
our	O
institute	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
(	O
IQR	O
)	O
cumulative	O
duration	O
of	O
work	O
of	O
HCWs	O
with	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
blood	B-ANAT
or	O
body	B-ANAT
fluids	I-ANAT
in	O
laboratory	O
was	O
67	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
43	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
117	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
minutes	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
multiple	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
invasions	O
from	O
abroad	O
to	O
Japan	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
strains	O
acquired	O
an	O
additional	O
mutation	O
in	O
another	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	B-CHED
that	O
is	O
highly	O
conserved	O
among	O
PEDVs	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
classical	O
and	O
recent	O
isolates	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
goal	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
methods	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
lead	O
time	O
for	O
serological	O
assay	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
computationally	O
designed	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
was	O
validated	O
using	O
169	O
field	O
sera	B-COMP
,	O
whose	O
statuses	O
were	O
determined	O
by	O
a	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
computationally	O
designed	O
ELISA	O
to	O
a	O
conventionally	O
developed	O
ELISA	O
,	O
using	O
bacterially	O
expressed	B-PROC
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
showed	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
agreement	O
among	O
the	O
three	O
tests	O
(	O
mean	O
kappa	O
statistic	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
842	O
).	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
this	O
variant	O
,	O
TTR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
/	O
JPN	O
/	O
2014	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
using	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
-	O
deprived	O
piglets	O
and	O
compared	O
the	O
results	O
with	O
those	O
from	O
the	O
North	O
American	O
type	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
OKN	O
-	O
1	O
/	O
JPN	O
/	O
2013	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
differences	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
distribution	O
and	O
lesions	O
on	O
the	O
intestines	B-ANAT
between	O
the	O
two	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
groups	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
Alkhumra	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
Rift	B-DISO
Valley	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
have	O
emerged	O
but	O
no	O
case	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
appeared	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
have	O
yet	O
been	O
observed	O
during	O
the	O
2012	O
-	O
2014	O
Hajj	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
Mo	O
-	O
DCs	B-DISO
surface	O
markers	O
such	O
as	O
SWC3a	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD1a	I-PRGE
(+),	I-PRGE
SWC3a	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
CD80	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
86	I-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
and	O
SWC3a	B-PRGE
(+)	I-PRGE
SLA	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DR	I-PRGE
(+)	O
is	O
increased	O
after	O
incubation	O
with	O
UV	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
for	O
24h	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
UV	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
and	O
safe	O
vaccine	O
to	O
trigger	O
adaptive	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
first	O
discovered	O
in	O
September	O
2012	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Data	O
from	O
both	O
syndromes	B-DISO
show	O
year	O
-	O
round	O
influenza	B-DISO
transmission	O
but	O
with	O
increased	O
caseloads	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
rainy	O
seasons	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Developing	O
a	O
radiofrequency	O
(	O
RF	O
)	O
coil	O
system	O
that	O
produces	O
a	O
uniform	O
B1	O
(+)	O
field	O
(	O
circularly	O
polarized	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
transverse	O
magnetic	O
field	O
responsible	O
for	O
excitation	O
)	O
and	O
low	O
specific	O
absorption	O
rate	O
(	O
SAR	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
high	O
performance	O
ultrahigh	O
field	O
human	B-SPEC
imaging	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
survey	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
search	O
for	O
markers	O
that	O
can	O
differentiate	O
FECV	B-SPEC
and	O
FIPV	O
,	O
several	O
clones	O
of	O
the	O
3a	O
-	O
c	O
,	O
E	O
,	O
and	O
M	O
genes	O
were	O
sequenced	O
from	O
samples	O
obtained	O
from	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
or	O
without	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

Using	O
NIV	O
is	O
discussed	O
in	O
mild	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
moderate	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
>	O
150	O
).	O

Pressure	O
support	O
or	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
IPAP	O
),	O
external	O
positive	O
end	O
expiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
or	O
expiratory	B-PROC
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
EPAP	O
)	O
levels	O
were	O
titrated	O
to	O
achieve	O
an	O
expiratory	B-PROC
tidal	O
volume	O
of	O
8	O
to	O
10	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
according	O
to	O
ideal	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
,	O
SpO2	O
>	O
90	O
%	O
and	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
below	O
25	O
/	O
min	O
.	O

Through	O
sitedirected	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
conserved	O
Asp165	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
conserved	O
Asp164	O
are	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
catalytic	O
activities	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
PL	O
(	O
pro	O
).	O

In	O
our	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
overall	O
hospital	O
survival	O
was	O
46	O
%	O
and	O
successful	O
weaning	B-PROC
rate	O
was	O
58	O
%.	O

Previously	O
,	O
we	O
proposed	O
the	O
cationically	O
modified	O
chitosan	B-CHED
,	O
N	O
-(	O
2	O
-	O
hydroxypropyl	O
)-	O
3	O
-	O
trimethylammonium	B-CHED
chitosan	B-CHED
chloride	B-CHED
(	O
HTCC	B-CHED
),	O
and	O
its	O
hydrophobically	O
-	O
modified	O
derivative	O
(	O
HM	O
-	O
HTCC	B-CHED
)	O
as	O
potent	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
encoding	O
a	O
G332A	O
substitution	O
in	O
nsp14	O
displayed	O
delayed	O
replication	O
kinetics	O
and	O
decreased	O
peak	O
titers	O
relative	O
to	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
WT	O
)	O
MHV	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
parameters	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
surrogate	O
noninvasive	O
RV	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
measurements	O
to	O
be	O
manipulated	O
to	O
improve	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
contributory	O
RV	O
dysfunction	O
.	O

Though	O
not	O
confirmed	O
yet	O
,	O
multiple	O
surveillance	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
studies	O
suggest	O
a	O
bat	B-ENZY
origin	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extensive	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
membrane	B-COMP
rearrangements	O
are	O
not	O
a	O
determinant	O
of	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
in	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
or	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
other	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
noninvasive	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
presents	O
a	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
failure	O
:	O
in	O
those	O
cases	O
the	O
risk	O
/	O
benefit	O
of	O
delayed	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
should	O
be	O
evaluated	O
carefully	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
,	O
circulatory	B-PROC
or	O
neurologic	O
distress	O
,	O
several	O
surgical	O
procedures	O
must	O
be	O
performed	O
without	O
delay	O
by	O
whichever	O
surgeon	O
is	O
on	O
call	O
.	O

Our	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
describe	O
these	O
salvage	O
procedures	O
including	O
invasive	O
approaches	O
to	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
decompressive	O
thoracostomy	O
,	O
hemostatic	B-PROC
or	O
resuscitative	O
thoracotomy	O
,	O
hemostatic	B-PROC
laparotomy	O
,	O
preperitoneal	O
pelvic	B-ANAT
packing	O
,	O
external	O
pelvic	B-ANAT
fixation	O
by	O
a	O
pelvi	O
-	O
clamp	O
,	O
decompressive	O
craniotomy	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
variant	O
strains	O
is	O
urgently	O
needed	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
NTD	O
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
could	O
be	O
an	O
attractive	O
target	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
subunit	O
vaccines	O
.	O

S25	O
-	O
229	O
IBs	B-DISO
were	O
solubilized	O
in	O
20	O
mM	O
sodium	B-CHED
acetate	I-CHED
(	O
pH	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
)	O
buffer	O
containing	O
8	O
M	O
urea	B-CHED
and	O
1	O
mM	O
dithiothreitol	B-CHED
with	O
95	O
%	O
yield	O
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
then	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
become	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
viral	O
causes	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
review	O
presents	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
description	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
history	O
,	O
prevalence	O
,	O
molecular	O
features	O
,	O
and	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
strategies	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
cases	O
notified	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
region	O
since	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
2012	O
have	O
displayed	O
variations	O
in	O
time	O
and	O
across	O
geography	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
severe	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
known	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
and	O
a	O
similarity	O
in	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Scopus	B-SPEC
database	O
was	O
searched	O
on	O
March	O
4	O
,	O
2016	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
publications	O
published	O
between	O
2012	O
and	O
2015	O
.	O

Inactivated	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
appears	O
to	O
carry	O
a	O
hypersensitive	O
-	O
type	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
risk	O
from	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
that	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
found	O
with	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccines	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
was	O
first	O
reported	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
China	O
in	O
2012	O
and	O
reported	O
in	O
United	O
States	O
swine	B-SPEC
in	O
February	O
2014	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
discusses	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
dynamics	O
and	O
appropriate	O
sample	O
collection	O
for	O
diagnostic	O
testing	O
,	O
the	O
commonly	O
used	O
virological	O
and	O
serological	O
methods	O
for	O
PDCoV	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
prevalence	O
and	O
genetic	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
PDCoVs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Helicopter	O
emergency	B-DISO
medical	O
services	O
(	O
HEMS	O
)	O
extend	O
the	O
reach	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
center	O
significantly	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
HEMS	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
patients	O
transported	O
by	O
HEMS	O
had	O
a	O
significantly	O
faster	O
median	O
transport	O
time	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
versus	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
h	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
faster	O
time	O
to	O
meeting	O
criteria	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
or	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
versus	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
h	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
a	O
higher	O
SOFA	O
score	O
(	O
9	O
versus	O
7	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
),	O
higher	O
incidence	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
38	O
versus	O
18	O
%,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
013	O
),	O
higher	O
need	O
for	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
60	O
versus	O
41	O
%	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
014	O
),	O
higher	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
3	O
versus	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
024	O
),	O
and	O
an	O
increased	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
(	O
17	O
versus	O
30	O
%,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
transported	O
by	O
ground	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
for	O
each	O
modification	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
parameters	O
,	O
specific	O
measures	O
are	O
proposed	O
to	O
restore	O
an	O
adequate	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
by	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
propose	O
a	O
stepwise	O
approach	O
that	O
could	O
guide	O
specific	O
intervention	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
during	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
.	O

Knowledge	O
,	O
preventive	O
behaviours	O
and	O
risk	O
perception	O
related	O
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
were	O
measured	O
using	O
scales	B-ANAT
developed	O
through	O
a	O
preliminary	O
survey	O
and	O
validity	O
testing	O
.	O

Enhancing	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
knowledge	O
by	O
considering	O
cooperation	O
between	O
hospitals	O
and	O
universities	O
will	O
sharpen	O
nursing	B-PROC
students	O
'	O
risk	O
perception	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
effectively	O
increase	O
their	O
preventive	O
behaviours	O
.	O

Enhancing	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
knowledge	O
by	O
considering	O
cooperation	O
between	O
hospitals	O
and	O
universities	O
will	O
sharpen	O
nursing	B-PROC
students	O
'	O
risk	O
perception	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
effectively	O
increase	O
their	O
preventive	O
behaviours	O
.	O

She	O
recovered	O
,	O
and	O
delivered	O
a	O
healthy	O
baby	O
by	O
emergency	B-DISO
cesarean	O
section	O
(	O
C	O
-	O
sec	B-CHED
).	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
BufCoV	O
HKU26	O
possessed	B-DISO
distinct	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
between	O
spike	O
and	O
envelope	B-COMP
compared	O
to	O
BCoV	O
.	O
Sugar	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
residues	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
BCoV	O
are	O
conserved	O
in	O
BufCoV	O
HKU26	O
.	O

At	O
least	O
629	O
known	O
negative	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
and	O
311	O
known	O
positive	O
samples	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
each	O
assay	O
.	O

The	O
standard	O
McMaster	O
flotation	O
technique	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
eggs	O
and	O
oocysts	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

That	O
Confers	O
Resistance	O
to	O
Multiple	O
Mutagens	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
homology	O
modeling	O
could	O
identify	O
putative	O
determinants	O
of	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
selectivity	O
and	O
fidelity	O
in	O
CoV	O
RdRps	O
.	O

Fidelity	O
-	O
altering	O
mutations	O
previously	O
identified	O
in	O
coxsackie	O
virus	O
B3	O
(	O
CVB3	O
)	O
were	O
mapped	O
onto	O
the	O
nsp12	O
-	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
model	O
structure	O
and	O
then	O
engineered	O
into	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
genome	O
with	O
[	O
nsp14	O
-	O
ExoN	O
(+)]	O
or	O
without	O
[	O
nsp14	O
-	O
ExoN	O
(-)]	O
ExoN	O
activity	O
.	O

Using	O
this	O
method	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
two	O
mutations	O
conferring	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
mutagen	B-CHED
5	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
fluorouracil	I-CHED
(	O
5	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
FU	I-CHED
):	O
nsp12	O
-	O
M611F	O
and	O
nsp12	O
-	O
V553I	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
also	O
indicate	O
that	O
,	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
selectivity	O
,	O
nsp14	O
-	O
ExoN	O
is	O
epistatic	O
to	O
nsp12	O
-	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
its	O
proposed	O
role	O
in	O
a	O
multiprotein	O
replicase	B-PRGE
-	O
proofreading	O
complex	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
are	O
the	O
only	O
known	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
encode	O
a	O
proofreading	O
exonuclease	O
(	O
nsp14	O
-	O
ExoN	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
replicase	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
involved	O
in	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
fidelity	O
.	O

As	O
such	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
is	O
a	O
significant	O
step	O
forward	O
in	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
biology	O
and	O
closes	O
a	O
gap	O
in	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
some	O
IBV	B-SPEC
virulence	B-PROC
strategies	O
.	O

This	O
process	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
host	B-COMP
shutoff	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
FRCoV	O
-	O
NL	O
-	O
2010	O
is	O
most	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
mink	B-SPEC
CoV	O
,	O
forming	O
a	O
separate	O
clade	O
of	O
mustelid	B-SPEC
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
split	O
off	O
early	O
from	O
other	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
sequence	O
homology	O
of	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
,	O
we	O
propose	O
that	O
these	O
mustelid	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
may	O
be	O
assigned	O
to	O
a	O
new	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Airway	B-ANAT
Memory	B-PROC
CD4	I-PRGE
(+)	O
T	B-ANAT
Cells	I-ANAT
Mediate	O
Protective	O
Immunity	B-PROC
against	O
Emerging	O
Respiratory	O
Coronaviruses	O
.	O

Airway	B-ANAT
memory	B-PROC
CD4	B-PRGE
(+)	O
T	O
cells	O
differed	O
phenotypically	O
and	O
functionally	O
from	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
were	O
crucial	O
for	O
protection	O
against	O
both	O
CoVs	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

On	O
Site	O
One	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
by	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
at	O
6	O
days	O
post	O
exposure	O
(	O
DPE	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
all	O
sample	O
types	O
.	O

The	O
last	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
positives	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
rectal	O
swabs	O
and	O
oral	B-ANAT
fluids	B-ANAT
on	O
69	O
DPE	B-CHED
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
oral	B-ANAT
fluid	I-PRGE
IgA	I-PRGE
WV	I-PRGE
ELISA	I-PRGE
found	O
that	O
a	O
cutoff	O
of	O
S	O
/	O
P	O
≥	O
0	O
.	O
80	O
provided	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
92	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
specificity	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
).	O

This	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
oral	B-ANAT
fluid	O
-	O
based	O
testing	O
could	O
provide	O
an	O
easy	O
and	O
""""	O
animal	B-SPEC
-	O
friendly	O
""""	O
approach	O
to	O
sample	O
collection	O
for	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
/	O
or	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
surveillance	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
populations	O
.	O

The	O
highest	O
NA	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
colostrum	O
on	O
day	O
1	O
,	O
and	O
decreased	O
rapidly	O
in	O
milk	O
at	O
day	O
3	O
,	O
then	O
gradually	O
declined	O
from	O
day	O
3	O
to	O
day	O
19	O
post	O
-	O
farrowing	B-PROC
.	O

Nonetheless	O
,	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
are	O
ultimately	O
able	O
to	O
accumulate	O
within	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
and	O
contribute	O
to	O
defense	O
by	O
reducing	O
or	O
eliminating	O
the	O
invading	O
viral	O
pathogen	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
results	O
in	O
variants	O
with	O
distinct	O
genetic	O
features	O
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
differences	O
;	O
thus	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
can	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
information	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
researches	O
will	O
aid	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
strategies	O
for	O
control	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
PED	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
mechanism	O
by	O
which	O
a	O
large	O
outbreak	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	B-DISO
)	O
occurred	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
sows	O
are	O
vaccinated	O
,	O
we	O
isolated	O
two	O
new	O
strains	O
of	O
PED	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
from	O
the	O
intestines	B-ANAT
of	O
piglets	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
they	O
showed	O
greater	O
similarity	O
to	O
US	O
isolates	O
(	O
group	O
II	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
than	O
to	O
the	O
Japanese	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
(	O
group	O
I	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

Of	O
the	O
74	O
piglets	O
samples	O
among	O
the	O
203	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
65	O
(	O
87	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
PKV	O
.	O

Herein	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
previously	O
healthy	O
16	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
without	O
history	O
of	O
travel	O
,	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
typhoid	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
.	O

This	O
case	O
details	O
severe	O
complications	O
of	O
typhoid	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
that	O
are	O
uncommonly	O
seen	O
in	O
developed	O
countries	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
successful	O
response	O
to	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
as	O
adjunct	O
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Sequencing	O
and	O
Serologic	O
Identification	O
of	O
S1	O
Genes	O
of	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Viruses	B-SPEC
Isolated	O
during	O
2012	O
-	O
2013	O
in	O
Guangxi	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
].	O

The	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
15	O
IBV	B-SPEC
field	O
isolates	O
during	O
2012	O
-	O
2013	O
underwent	O
analyses	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
similarity	O
of	O
amino	O
-	O
acid	O
sequences	O
,	O
creation	O
of	O
phylogenetic	O
trees	O
,	O
recombination	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
serologic	O
identification	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
genotype	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
serotype	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
field	O
isolates	O
in	O
Guangxi	O
Province	O
had	O
distinct	O
variations	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
increasing	O
numbers	O
of	O
genotypes	O
and	O
serotypes	O
are	O
in	O
circulation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
posed	O
great	O
threat	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
world	O
wide	O
,	O
which	O
calls	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
and	O
safe	O
vaccine	O
urgently	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
identified	O
a	O
promising	O
peptide	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
provided	O
an	O
experimental	O
support	O
for	O
bioinformatics	O
-	O
based	O
design	O
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
vaccine	O
.	O

General	O
depression	B-DISO
and	O
cough	B-DISO
were	O
the	O
signs	O
that	O
correlated	O
best	O
with	O
shedding	O
of	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
,	O
while	O
peak	O
respiratory	O
rate	O
and	O
peak	O
rectal	O
temperature	O
appeared	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
week	O
later	O
than	O
the	O
peak	O
shedding	O
.	O

Prolonged	O
shedding	O
of	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
can	O
occur	O
,	O
but	O
detection	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
does	O
not	O
necessarily	O
indicate	O
a	O
transmission	O
potential	O
.	O

Fundamental	O
questions	O
about	O
circulating	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
transmission	O
routes	O
remain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Angiotensin	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
prevents	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
rat	B-SPEC
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
via	O
suppressing	O
the	O
ERK1	O
/	O
2	O
and	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

ACE2	B-PRGE
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
protect	O
against	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
were	O
significantly	O
prevented	O
by	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
overexpression	B-PROC
and	O
deteriorated	O
by	O
Ace2	B-PRGE
shRNA	I-PRGE
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
the	O
blockade	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
on	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
ERK1	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
p38	B-FUNC
and	O
p50	B-PRGE
/	O
p65	B-PRGE
was	O
also	O
abolished	O
by	O
A779	O
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
of	O
all	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
from	O
March	O
2014	O
to	O
May	O
2014	O
at	O
two	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Al	O
-	O
Madinah	O
region	O
(	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
).	O

The	O
death	B-PROC
rate	O
was	O
higher	O
for	O
men	O
(	O
52	O
%)	O
than	O
for	O
women	O
(	O
23	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Bibliometric	O
Analysis	O
of	O
PubMed	O
Literature	O
on	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Recommendations	O
for	O
a	O
Standardized	O
Avian	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
AvCoV	O
)	O
Nomenclature	O
:	O
Outcome	O
from	O
Discussions	O
Within	O
the	O
Framework	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
COST	O
Action	O
FA1207	O
:	O
""""	O
Towards	O
Control	O
of	O
Avian	O
Coronaviruses	O
:	O
Strategies	O
for	O
Vaccination	O
,	O
Diagnosis	O
and	O
Surveillance	O
"""."	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
within	O
the	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
show	O
variations	O
within	O
their	O
genome	O
sequences	O
,	O
especially	O
within	O
the	O
major	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
Spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
typical	O
Ark	O
vaccine	O
subpopulations	O
emerging	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
commercial	O
Ark	O
vaccines	O
were	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
the	O
CEK	O
-	O
adapted	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
dose	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
×	O
10	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
EID50	O
/	O
bird	B-SPEC
,	O
where	O
EID50	O
is	O
50	O
%	O
embryo	B-ANAT
infectious	B-DISO
dose	O
)	O
of	O
CEK	B-PRGE
-	O
adapted	O
Ark	O
vaccine	O
at	O
5	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
showed	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
in	O
lachrymal	O
fluids	B-ANAT
and	O
decreased	O
incidence	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
detection	O
in	O
tracheal	O
swabs	O
5	O
days	O
after	O
challenge	O
compared	O
to	O
unvaccinated	O
challenged	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
vaccinated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
groups	O
showed	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
of	O
respiratory	O
signs	O
and	O
viral	O
load	O
5	O
days	O
after	O
Ark	O
virulent	O
challenge	O
compared	O
to	O
unvaccinated	O
challenged	O
controls	O
.	O

No	O
viral	O
subpopulations	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
challenge	O
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
with	O
CEK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Ark	I-PRGE
after	O
challenge	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
M41	O
and	O
Ark	B-PRGE
,	O
Cal	B-PRGE
99	I-PRGE
and	O
CA1737	O
showed	O
intermediate	O
variability	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Runting	O
stunting	O
syndrome	O
(	O
RSS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
disease	O
condition	B-DISO
that	O
affects	O
broilers	O
and	O
causes	O
impaired	B-DISO
growth	B-PROC
and	O
poor	O
feed	O
conversion	O
because	O
of	O
enteritis	B-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
pale	B-DISO
and	O
distended	O
small	B-ANAT
intestines	I-ANAT
with	O
watery	O
contents	O
.	O

Histopathology	O
of	O
the	O
intestines	B-ANAT
revealed	O
increased	O
cellularity	O
of	O
the	O
lamina	B-ANAT
propria	I-ANAT
,	O
blunting	O
of	O
villi	O
,	O
and	O
cystic	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
crypts	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
no	O
IBV	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
detected	O
in	O
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
air	B-ANAT
sac	B-COMP
,	O
conjunctiva	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
cecal	B-ANAT
tonsils	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
intestine	B-ANAT
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryos	B-ANAT
but	O
not	O
from	O
the	O
allantoic	O
sac	B-COMP
inoculated	O
with	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
broiler	O
chicks	O
.	O

Nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
identities	O
to	O
other	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotypes	O
were	O
lower	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
during	O
87	O
episodes	O
of	O
febrile	B-DISO
neutropenia	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
age	O
0	O
-	O
18	O
years	O
,	O
being	O
treated	O
at	O
a	O
children	O
'	O
s	O
oncology	O
unit	O
between	O
January	O
2013	O
and	O
June	O
2014	O
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
16	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
same	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
at	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
in	O
one	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
six	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
episodes	O
.	O

Genotyping	O
revealed	O
a	O
different	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
in	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
six	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Single	O
-	O
dose	O
treatment	O
with	O
a	O
humanized	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
affords	O
full	O
protection	O
of	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
transgenic	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
from	O
lethal	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)-	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

hMS	B-DISO
-	O
1	O
significantly	O
blocked	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RBD	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
its	O
viral	O
receptor	O
,	O
human	B-PRGE
dipeptidyl	I-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
hDPP4	O
),	O
potently	O
neutralized	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
a	O
prototype	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
effectively	O
cross	O
-	O
neutralized	O
evolved	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
through	O
recognizing	O
highly	O
conserved	O
RBD	O
epitopes	O
.	O

Key	O
events	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
:	O
increased	O
oxidative	O
and	O
proteotoxic	O
stresses	O
,	O
unresolved	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
compromised	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
capillary	B-ANAT
barrier	O
function	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Biological	O
Activities	O
of	O
Aerial	O
Parts	O
Extracts	O
of	O
Euphorbia	B-SPEC
characias	I-SPEC
.	O

Ethanolic	O
extracts	O
from	O
leaves	O
and	O
flowers	O
displayed	O
the	O
highest	O
inhibitory	O
activity	O
against	O
acetylcholinesterase	B-PRGE
and	O
butyrylcholinesterase	B-PRGE
,	O
showing	O
potential	O
properties	O
against	O
Alzheimer	B-PATH
'	I-PATH
s	I-PATH
disease	I-PATH
.	O

We	O
propose	O
a	O
simple	O
sampling	O
strategy	O
to	O
enrich	O
in	O
especially	O
dangerous	O
pathogens	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
background	O
for	O
molecular	O
diagnostics	O
by	O
targeting	B-PROC
blood	B-ANAT
-	O
borne	O
pathogens	O
in	O
the	O
healthiest	O
age	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cellular	B-ANAT
entry	O
of	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
replicates	O
extensively	O
and	O
almost	O
exclusively	O
in	O
the	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
resulting	O
in	O
villus	B-ANAT
atrophy	B-DISO
,	O
malabsorption	B-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
current	O
data	O
on	O
PEDV	O
entry	O
into	O
its	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
,	O
including	O
therein	O
our	O
new	O
observations	O
regarding	O
the	O
functional	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
sialic	B-FUNC
acid	I-FUNC
binding	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Consecutive	O
VD	O
/	O
VT	O
measurements	O
were	O
obtained	O
based	O
upon	O
a	O
prediction	O
equation	O
validated	O
by	O
Frankenfield	O
et	O
al	O
for	O
dead	B-PROC
-	O
space	O
ventilation	O
fraction	O
:	O
VD	O
/	O
VT	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
320	O
+	O
0	O
.	O
0106	O
(	O
PaCO₂	O
-	O
ETCO₂	O
)⁺	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
(	O
RR	O
)⁺	O
0	O
.	O
0015	O
(	O
age	O
)	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
were	O
confirmed	O
as	O
having	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Taking	O
forward	O
a	O
'	O
One	O
Health	O
'	O
approach	O
for	O
turning	O
the	O
tide	O
against	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
other	O
zoonotic	O
pathogens	O
with	O
epidemic	O
potential	O
.	O

The	O
One	O
Health	O
concept	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
relationship	O
and	O
interconnectedness	O
between	O
Humans	O
,	O
Animals	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
Environment	O
,	O
and	O
recognizes	O
that	O
the	O
health	O
and	O
wellbeing	O
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
is	O
intimately	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
health	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
environment	O
(	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Prone	O
position	O
(	O
PP	O
)	O
improves	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
<	O
150	O
mmHg	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
with	O
focal	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
focal	O
ARDS	B-DISO
showed	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
global	O
reaeration	O
score	O
.	O

Oxygenation	B-PROC
response	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
aeration	O
changes	O
.	O

This	O
supports	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
camel	B-SPEC
imports	O
from	O
Africa	O
are	O
not	O
of	O
significance	O
for	O
circulation	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
camel	B-SPEC
populations	O
of	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

Our	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
new	O
predictors	O
of	O
inadequate	O
linezolid	B-CHED
concentrations	O
often	O
observed	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

These	O
infections	B-DISO
have	O
little	O
commercial	O
potential	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
a	O
high	O
priority	O
for	O
the	O
pharmaceutical	B-CHED
industry	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
identify	O
high	O
risk	O
patients	O
and	O
haemodialysis	O
with	O
reduced	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
efficacy	O
and	O
gradual	O
urea	B-CHED
reduction	O
is	O
recommended	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
leading	O
maternal	O
complications	O
associated	O
with	O
HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
were	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
severe	B-DISO
preeclampsia	I-DISO
,	O
eclampsia	B-DISO
,	O
placental	B-DISO
abruption	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
kidney	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
immediate	O
maternal	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
reports	O
on	O
the	O
emergence	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
recombinant	O
clusters	B-CHED
detected	O
in	O
Italy	O
and	O
Spain	O
between	O
2012	O
and	O
2014	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
partial	O
S1	O
sequencing	O
,	O
27	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
originating	O
from	O
Spain	O
and	O
nine	O
from	O
Italy	O
were	O
initially	O
classified	O
as	O
being	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
Guandong	O
/	O
Xindadi	O
(	O
XDN	O
)	O
genotype	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
of	O
two	O
different	O
scenarios	O
:	O
firstly	O
,	O
in	O
Spain	O
,	O
the	O
large	O
and	O
homogeneous	O
clade	O
probably	O
originated	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
offspring	O
of	O
the	O
recombinant	O
founder	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
became	O
dominant	O
and	O
spread	O
throughout	O
the	O
country	O
.	O

Emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
personnel	O
must	O
be	O
prepared	O
to	O
address	O
concerns	O
from	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
symptoms	O
consistent	O
with	O
acute	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
infection	O
,	O
especially	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
pregnant	O
or	O
planning	O
travel	O
to	O
Zika	O
-	O
endemic	O
regions	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
those	O
women	O
planning	O
to	O
become	O
pregnant	O
and	O
their	O
partners	O
.	O

If	O
after	O
a	O
rapid	O
evaluation	O
,	O
Zika	O
or	O
other	B-DISO
arthropod	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
borne	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
the	O
only	O
concern	O
,	O
isolation	O
(	O
contact	O
,	O
droplet	O
,	O
airborne	O
)	O
is	O
unnecessary	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
significant	O
improvement	O
in	O
partial	O
oxygen	B-CHED
pressure	O
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
)	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
CRRT	O
onset	O
compared	O
with	O
baseline	O
(	O
median	O
change	O
=	O
51	O
.	O
5	O
;	O
range	O
=	O
-	O
19	O
to	O
450	O
.	O
5	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
decreases	O
in	O
FiO2	O
,	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
,	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
,	O
and	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Survival	O
Predictors	O
for	O
Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
Patients	O
Treated	O
with	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
A	O
Retrospective	O
Study	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
increasingly	O
being	O
applied	O
as	O
life	O
support	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
identified	O
pre	O
-	O
ECMO	O
factors	O
,	O
advanced	O
age	O
,	O
a	O
long	O
duration	O
of	O
ventilation	O
before	O
ECMO	O
,	O
a	O
higher	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
(	O
APACHE	O
II	O
)	O
score	O
,	O
underlying	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
barotrauma	O
prior	O
to	O
ECMO	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
unsuccessful	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
ECMO	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Status	B-DISO
asthmaticus	I-DISO
can	O
develop	O
into	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
disorder	O
that	O
requires	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Despite	O
rescue	O
therapies	O
such	O
as	O
pressure	O
control	O
ventilation	O
with	O
high	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressures	O
,	O
inhaled	B-PROC
beta2	B-PRGE
agonists	B-CHED
and	O
antimuscarinic	O
drugs	O
,	O
intravenous	O
salbutamol	B-CHED
,	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
and	O
magnesium	B-CHED
sulfate	I-CHED
,	O
her	O
condition	B-DISO
gradually	O
deteriorated	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
incubation	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
titers	O
were	O
determined	O
by	O
inoculation	O
of	O
Vero	O
-	O
81	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
inactivation	B-DISO
kinetics	O
were	O
modeled	O
using	O
the	O
Weibull	O
distribution	O
model	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
interest	O
on	O
and	O
importance	O
of	O
CoVs	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
the	O
occurrence	O
and	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
CoV	O
were	O
conducted	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
from	O
Brazil	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
recent	O
emerged	O
G2a	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
J3142	O
strains	O
showed	O
potential	O
recombination	B-PROC
breakpoint	O
(	O
376	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
143nt	O
)	O
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
between	O
KNU1303_Korea	O
strain_G2a	O
(	O
KJ451046	O
)	O
and	O
45RWVCF0712_Thailand	O
strain_G2b	O
(	O
KF724935	O
).	O

Using	O
the	O
SCHOOL	O
approach	O
and	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
peptide	B-CHED
sequence	I-PRGE
,	O
we	O
rationally	O
designed	O
a	O
novel	O
immunomodulatory	O
peptide	O
that	O
targets	O
TCR	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
Serratia	B-SPEC
marcescens	I-SPEC
bacteremia	B-DISO
leading	O
to	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
previously	O
healthy	O
51	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
without	O
identifiable	O
risk	O
factors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
severe	O
illnesses	O
and	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
approximately	O
35	O
%,	O
particularly	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
underlying	O
comorbidities	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
protection	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
other	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
improved	O
if	O
public	O
health	O
vaccination	O
strategies	O
are	O
tailored	O
to	O
target	O
persons	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
two	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
,	O
CBR1	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
2014	I-PRGE
and	O
EAS1	O
/	O
2014	O
,	O
were	O
28	O
,	O
039	O
and	O
28	O
,	O
033	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
in	O
length	O
and	O
showed	O
96	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
and	O
93	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
similarities	O
at	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
levels	O
respectively	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
EAS1	O
/	O
2014	O
,	O
CBR1	B-PRGE
/	O
2014	O
has	O
2	O
insertions	O
of	O
4	O
((	O
56	O
)	O
GENQ	O
(	O
59	O
))	O
and	O
1	O
((	O
140	O
)	O
N	O
)	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
positions	O
56	O
-	O
59	O
and	O
140	O
,	O
and	O
2	O
deletions	O
of	O
2	O
((	O
160	O
)	O
DG	O
(	O
161	O
))	O
and	O
1	O
((	O
1199	O
)	O
Y	O
)	O
amino	O
acid	O
positions	O
160	O
-	O
161	O
and	O
1199	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transduction	B-PROC
of	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
stimulate	O
RNA	B-PROC
interference	I-PROC
against	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
type	O
4	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
36	O
years	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
that	O
required	O
invasive	O
respiratory	O
support	O
(	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
).	O

Among	O
the	O
40	O
farms	O
,	O
6	O
camel	B-SPEC
farms	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
;	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
not	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
single	O
sheep	O
farm	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
confirm	O
and	O
identify	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
samples	O
from	O
piglets	O
with	O
suggestive	O
clinical	O
signs	O
using	O
virological	O
,	O
histological	O
,	O
and	O
molecular	O
techniques	O
.	O

Incidence	O
of	O
stroke	B-DISO
,	O
deep	O
sternal	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
was	O
similar	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
lower	O
overall	O
morbidity	O
than	O
conventional	O
CABG	O
Its	O
main	O
limitations	O
are	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
and	O
inability	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
deeply	O
embedded	O
target	B-ANAT
vessel	I-ANAT
.	O

Elevated	O
OX	O
-	O
K	O
titers	O
suggestive	O
of	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
were	O
seen	O
in	O
80	O
%	O
(	O
147	O
/	O
184	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analytical	O
and	O
Clinical	O
Validation	O
of	O
Six	O
Commercial	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
Detection	O
Kits	O
Based	O
on	O
Real	O
-	O
Time	O
Reverse	O
-	O
Transcription	B-PROC
PCR	O
.	O

No	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
with	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
found	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
prepared	O
by	O
adding	O
a	O
one	O
-	O
tenth	O
volume	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
,	O
000	O
diluted	O
viral	O
culture	O
to	O
PBS	B-DISO
solution	O
,	O
the	O
ranges	O
of	O
Ct	O
values	O
obtained	O
by	O
the	O
PBS	B-DISO
and	O
NALC	O
methods	O
differed	O
significantly	O
from	O
the	O
mean	O
control	O
Ct	O
of	O
33	O
.	O
2	O
(	O
both	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

To	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
antigenicity	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
this	O
genotype	O
,	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LDL	B-CHED
/	O
140520	O
strain	O
were	O
compared	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
four	O
commercial	O
IB	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
that	O
are	O
used	O
commonly	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
four	O
attenuated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
represent	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
originated	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
are	O
the	O
predominant	O
IBV	B-SPEC
types	O
circulating	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
many	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pressure	O
-	O
controlled	O
inverse	O
ratio	O
ventilation	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
mean	O
duration	O
of	O
IRV	B-PROC
was	O
10	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
survivors	O
were	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
discharged	O
.	O

Univariate	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
IRV	B-PROC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

Pressure	O
-	O
controlled	O
IRV	B-PROC
provided	O
acceptable	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
without	O
apparent	O
complications	O
and	O
served	O
as	O
a	O
successful	O
bridge	O
to	O
conventional	O
treatment	O
when	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
for	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Nineteen	O
thousand	O
nine	O
hundred	O
seven	O
dogs	B-SPEC
from	O
pet	O
hospitals	O
in	O
the	O
cities	O
of	O
Luoyang	O
,	O
Anyang	O
,	O
Jiaozuo	O
,	O
Sanmenxia	O
,	O
Xinxiang	O
,	O
Zhengzhou	O
in	O
Henan	O
province	O
between	O
2009	O
and	O
2014	O
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

CPV	B-SPEC
2c	O
was	O
not	O
observed	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Safe	O
and	O
Sensitive	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Screening	O
Platform	O
Based	O
on	O
Recombinant	B-PRGE
Human	I-PRGE
Coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
Expressing	O
the	O
Luciferase	O
Reporter	O
Gene	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
four	O
infectious	B-DISO
recombinant	O
HCoVs	O
-	O
OC43	O
(	O
rHCoVs	O
-	O
OC43	O
)	O
which	O
express	O
the	O
Renilla	B-SPEC
luciferase	B-ENZY
(	O
Rluc	O
)	O
reporter	O
gene	O
.	O

Among	O
these	O
four	O
rHCoVs	O
-	O
OC43	O
,	O
rOC43	O
-	O
ns2DelRluc	O
(	O
generated	O
by	O
replacing	O
ns2	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
Rluc	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
)	O
showed	O
robust	O
luciferase	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
with	O
only	O
a	O
slight	O
impact	O
on	O
its	O
growth	B-PROC
characteristics	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
rOC43	O
-	O
ns2DelRluc	O
represents	O
a	O
promising	O
safe	O
and	O
sensitive	O
platform	O
for	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
antiviral	B-CHED
screening	O
and	O
quantitative	O
analysis	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
initial	O
medical	O
treatment	O
for	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
NET	O
formation	B-PROC
and	O
intravasated	O
platelet	B-PROC
aggregation	I-PROC
to	O
prevent	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
damage	O
(	O
Phase	O
1	O
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
quality	O
indicators	O
for	O
the	O
early	O
management	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
is	O
strongly	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
reduced	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
hypothesis	O
of	O
rickettsiosis	B-DISO
was	O
made	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
medical	O
history	O
and	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
serological	O
tests	O
.	O

Oxygenation	B-PROC
index	O
was	O
increased	O
,	O
airway	B-ANAT
peak	O
pressure	O
(	O
Ppeak	O
)	O
was	O
reduced	O
,	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
dynamic	O
compliance	O
improved	O
,	O
extravascular	O
lung	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
was	O
relieved	O
,	O
functional	B-PROC
residual	I-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
increased	O
and	O
Murray	O
score	O
was	O
improved	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
application	O
of	O
APRV	O
improved	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
.	O

It	O
also	O
reduced	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
sedatives	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
days	O
in	O
ICU	O
.	O

TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
concentrations	O
in	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	O
,	O
probability	O
of	O
survival	O
and	O
days	O
without	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
were	O
similar	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	I-SPEC
Diarrhea	I-SPEC
Virus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
Inhibits	O
Interferon	B-PATH
Signaling	I-PATH
by	O
Targeted	B-PROC
Degradation	O
of	O
STAT1	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
degradation	O
inhibits	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
signal	B-PROC
transduction	I-PROC
pathways	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
molecular	O
mechanism	O
is	O
the	O
degradation	O
of	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
by	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
proteasome	B-PATH
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
.	O

ATRA	O
was	O
re	O
-	O
started	O
on	O
day	O
29	O
at	O
half	O
the	O
original	O
dose	O
because	O
of	O
residual	O
APL	B-DISO
blasts	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fire	O
-	O
eater	O
'	O
s	O
pneumonia	O
is	O
an	O
exogenous	O
chemical	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
after	O
accidental	O
aspiration	B-DISO
of	O
hydrocarbon	B-CHED
fluids	B-ANAT
during	O
the	O
act	O
of	O
fire	O
-	O
eating	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acidosis	B-DISO
can	O
cause	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
failure	O
in	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
AHRF	O
).	O

Four	O
groups	O
have	O
been	O
differentiated	B-PROC
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
absence	O
or	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
presence	O
of	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
SS	O
or	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
SSh	O
;	O
and	O
2	O
groups	O
,	O
among	O
the	O
patients	O
admitted	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
:	O
absence	O
or	O
presence	O
of	O
sCAP	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
in	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
:	O
A	O
case	O
series	O
study	O
.	O

Two	O
did	O
not	O
receive	O
pressure	B-DISO
ulcer	I-DISO
preventive	O
measures	O
and	O
subsequently	O
developed	O
multiple	O
necrotic	B-PROC
facial	B-ANAT
pressure	B-DISO
ulcers	I-DISO
related	O
to	O
prone	O
positioning	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
other	O
2	O
patients	O
were	O
managed	O
on	O
a	O
thin	O
silicone	B-CHED
foam	O
dressing	O
;	O
neither	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
developed	O
facial	B-ANAT
pressure	B-DISO
ulcers	I-DISO
during	O
pronation	B-PROC
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
reveals	O
that	O
during	O
the	O
acute	O
stage	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
both	O
strains	O
induce	O
inflammatory	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
genes	O
,	O
whereas	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
several	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
during	O
chronic	O
stage	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
unique	O
to	O
infection	O
with	O
the	O
demyelinating	O
strain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
Isolation	O
and	O
Identification	O
of	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
PTFY	O
Strain	O
in	O
Muscovy	B-SPEC
Ducks	I-SPEC
].	O

The	O
swelling	B-DISO
and	O
congestive	O
ovary	B-ANAT
was	O
visible	O
after	O
autopsy	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
isolated	O
and	O
identified	O
by	O
the	O
methods	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
culture	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
,	O
physical	O
and	O
chemical	O
properties	O
test	O
,	O
hemagglutinin	O
test	O
,	O
NDV	B-SPEC
(	O
Newcastle	O
diseases	O
Virus	B-SPEC
)	O
interference	O
test	O
,	O
electron	O
microscope	O
observation	O
,	O
pathogenicity	O
test	O
and	O
the	O
gene	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
strain	O
was	O
identified	O
as	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
and	O
this	O
study	O
confirmed	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
to	O
Muscovy	B-SPEC
ducks	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
deltacoronavirus	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
subfamily	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
.	O

With	O
this	O
information	O
,	O
and	O
using	O
reverse	O
genetics	O
systems	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
design	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
modifications	O
in	O
the	O
viral	O
proteins	O
acting	O
as	O
virulence	B-PROC
factors	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
attenuated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
.	O

Veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
was	O
started	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
induction	O
with	O
a	O
flow	O
>	O
60	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
min	O
resulting	O
in	O
rapid	O
reversal	O
of	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
.	O

They	O
must	O
not	O
be	O
discharged	O
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
early	O
and	O
must	O
be	O
followed	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
48	O
hours	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
don	O
'	O
t	O
have	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
should	O
be	O
kept	O
in	O
mind	O
that	O
severe	O
pulmonary	O
complications	O
can	O
develop	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chemical	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
which	O
affects	O
chickens	B-SPEC
of	O
all	O
ages	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2015	O
,	O
a	O
large	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
occurred	O
following	O
a	O
single	O
patient	O
exposure	O
in	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
room	O
at	O
the	O
Samsung	O
Medical	O
Center	O
,	O
a	O
tertiary	O
-	O
care	O
hospital	O
in	O
Seoul	O
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

We	O
analysed	O
attack	O
rates	O
,	O
incubation	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
transmission	O
.	O

The	O
attack	O
rate	O
was	O
highest	O
in	O
group	O
A	O
(	O
20	O
%	O
[	O
23	O
/	O
117	O
]	O
vs	O
5	O
%	O
[	O
3	O
/	O
58	O
]	O
in	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
vs	O
1	O
%	O
[	O
4	O
/	O
500	O
]	O
in	O
group	O
C	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
·	O
0001	O
),	O
and	O
was	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
5	O
/	O
218	O
)	O
in	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
.	O

Protocolized	O
approaches	O
for	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
or	O
distress	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

The	O
professional	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
respondents	O
was	O
critical	O
care	O
(	O
106	O
/	O
249	O
(	O
43	O
%)),	O
pediatrics	O
(	O
59	O
/	O
249	O
,	O
(	O
24	O
%))	O
or	O
internal	O
medicine	B-CHED
(	O
52	O
/	O
249	O
(	O
21	O
%))	O
but	O
none	O
was	O
blood	B-ANAT
banking	O
.	O

Mean	O
expiratory	B-PROC
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
EPAP	O
)	O
was	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
(	O
range	O
4	O
to	O
8	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
infects	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
birds	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Mesenchymal	O
stromal	O
/	O
stem	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
)	O
are	O
adult	O
multi	O
-	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
that	O
can	O
modulate	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
enhance	O
repair	B-PROC
of	O
damaged	O
tissue	B-ANAT
and	O
thus	O
may	O
provide	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

MSCs	B-FUNC
appear	O
to	O
exert	B-PROC
their	O
effects	O
via	O
multiple	O
mechanisms	O
-	O
some	O
are	O
cell	B-PROC
interaction	I-PROC
dependent	O
whereas	O
others	O
are	O
paracrine	B-PROC
dependent	O
resulting	O
from	O
both	O
soluble	O
secreted	B-PROC
products	O
and	O
microvesicles	O
/	O
exosomes	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
cells	O
.	O

ECMO	O
transport	O
may	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
method	O
of	O
transferring	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Six	O
days	O
later	O
,	O
further	O
deterioration	O
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
prompted	O
the	O
decision	O
to	O
intubate	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
he	O
experienced	O
progressive	O
deterioration	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
despite	O
conventional	O
ventilatory	O
support	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Performance	O
of	O
Multiple	O
Risk	O
Assessment	O
Tools	O
to	O
Predict	O
Mortality	O
for	O
Adult	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
Therapy	O
:	O
An	O
External	O
Validation	O
Study	O
Based	O
on	O
Chinese	O
Single	O
-	O
center	O
Data	O
.	O

B1648	O
was	O
productively	O
replicating	O
in	O
KUL01	O
(+)	O
monocytic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
in	O
contrast	O
with	O
M41	B-PRGE
.	O

Retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
disease	O
spectrum	O
,	O
EN	O
approach	O
,	O
preparation	O
,	O
speed	O
and	O
time	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
adverse	O
reactions	O
and	O
outcomes	O
in	O
47	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
underwent	O
EN	O
therapy	O
during	O
July	O
2014	O
to	O
March	O
2015	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
one	O
cases	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
different	O
degrees	O
of	O
adverse	O
reactions	O
,	O
including	O
vomiting	B-DISO
in	O
7	O
cases	O
,	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
and	O
bloating	B-DISO
in	O
3	O
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
12	O
,	O
secondary	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
5	O
.	O

The	O
nutrition	B-PROC
indicators	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
EN	O
therapy	O
were	O
compared	O
by	O
paired	O
t	O
-	O
test	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
CONSISE	O
ROSES	B-SPEC
-	O
I	O
statement	O
was	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
quality	O
and	O
transparency	O
of	O
reporting	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
seroepidemiologic	O
studies	O
and	O
facilitate	O
the	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
validity	O
and	O
generalizability	O
of	O
published	O
results	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
paper	O
combines	O
two	O
advances	O
to	O
detect	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
that	O
have	O
emerged	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
years	O
from	O
the	O
new	O
field	O
of	O
""""	O
synthetic	O
biology	O
"""."	O

Both	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
older	O
concept	O
,	O
where	O
molecular	O
beacons	O
are	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
downstream	O
detection	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
in	O
biological	O
mixtures	O
followed	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
amplification	B-DISO
.	O

Combining	O
these	O
technologies	O
in	O
primers	O
with	O
components	O
of	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
avoiding	O
molecular	B-PROC
recognition	I-PROC
system	O
(	O
SAMRS	O
),	O
we	O
detect	O
50	O
copies	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
in	O
a	O
multiplexed	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
panel	O
by	O
generating	O
fluorescence	O
signal	O
visible	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
eye	B-ANAT
and	O
/	O
or	O
camera	B-SPEC
.	O

Lectins	O
are	O
attractive	O
anti	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
candidates	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
highly	O
glycosylated	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Due	O
to	O
its	O
wide	O
expression	B-PROC
profile	O
,	O
TRPV4	B-PRGE
is	O
implicated	O
in	O
multiple	O
pathophysiological	O
states	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
statistically	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
surgical	O
situation	O
,	O
length	O
of	O
ICU	O
stay	O
,	O
and	O
occurrence	O
of	O
major	O
complications	O
including	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
MODS	B-DISO
/	O
MOF	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
among	O
these	O
three	O
years	O
(	O
with	O
χ	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
values	O
from	O
0	O
.	O
48	O
to	O
2	O
.	O
43	O
,	O
W	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
100	O
,	O
P	O
values	O
above	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

A	O
confirmed	O
case	O
was	O
defined	O
as	O
positive	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
test	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
RESULTS	O
Of	O
the	O
130	O
suspected	O
cases	O
,	O
81	O
(	O
62	O
%)	O
were	O
confirmed	O
and	O
49	O
(	O
38	O
%)	O
were	O
probable	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Ebola	O
virus	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
in	O
West	O
Africa	O
and	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
have	O
given	O
huge	O
impacts	O
in	O
different	O
aspects	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
has	O
intensified	O
focus	O
on	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
[	O
ARIs	O
].	O

Children	O
(	O
aged	O
≤	O
13	O
)	O
presenting	O
with	O
ARI	B-CHED
between	O
January	O
2012	O
and	O
December	O
2013	O
tested	O
for	O
15	O
RVs	O
using	O
the	O
Seeplex	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Stiff	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
person	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SPS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
rare	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
progressive	O
muscle	B-DISO
stiffness	I-DISO
,	O
rigidity	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
spasms	B-DISO
involving	O
the	O
axial	O
muscles	B-ANAT
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
apnea	B-DISO
during	O
SPS	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
criterion	O
of	O
high	O
severity	O
and	O
should	O
lead	O
to	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
admission	O
for	O
continuous	O
monitoring	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
who	O
are	O
unresponsive	O
to	O
symptomatic	O
treatment	O
with	O
benzodiazepines	O
and	O
baclofen	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
complications	O
,	O
early	O
immunotherapy	O
by	O
intravenous	O
immunoglobulins	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Onset	O
of	O
apneas	B-DISO
during	O
SPS	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
signal	O
of	O
possible	O
progression	O
toward	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
sudden	B-DISO
death	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
should	O
lead	O
to	O
ICU	O
admission	O
for	O
continuous	O
monitoring	O
.	O

Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
management	O
in	O
this	O
setting	O
.	O

Those	O
who	O
were	O
aware	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
receive	O
recommended	O
vaccines	O
[	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
):	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
],	O
but	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
avoiding	O
camels	B-SPEC
or	O
their	O
raw	O
products	O
during	O
Hajj	O
between	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
aware	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
not	O
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
).	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
300	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
pullet	O
chicks	O
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
to	O
3	O
dietary	O
treatments	O
including	O
:	O
a	O
basal	O
diet	O
(	O
Control	O
),	O
and	O
diets	O
containing	O
YDC	O
,	O
and	O
SNB	O
(	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
acidophilus	I-SPEC
,	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
casei	I-SPEC
,	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
faecium	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Bacillus	B-SPEC
subtilis	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
YDC	O
).	O

Finally	O
,	O
in	O
experiment	O
3	O
,	O
on	O
d	O
21	O
and	O
28	O
posthatch	O
,	O
10	O
birds	B-SPEC
per	O
treatment	O
were	O
immunized	O
intramuscularly	O
with	O
both	O
sheep	B-SPEC
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
SRBC	B-COMP
)	O
and	O
bovine	B-PRGE
serum	B-COMP
albumin	I-PRGE
(	O
BSA	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
11	O
after	O
immunization	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
hemagglutination	B-PROC
assay	O
for	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
SRBC	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
by	O
ELISA	O
for	O
serum	B-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
response	O
to	O
BSA	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Korean	O
Asthma	B-PATH
Guideline	O
2014	O
:	O
Summary	O
of	O
Major	O
Updates	O
to	O
the	O
Korean	O
Asthma	B-PATH
Guideline	O
2014	O
.	O

This	O
guideline	O
focuses	O
on	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
aims	O
to	O
deliver	O
up	O
to	O
date	O
scientific	O
evidence	O
and	O
recommendations	O
to	O
general	O
physicians	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Curious	O
Case	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
:	O

Although	O
it	O
is	O
usually	O
associated	O
with	O
elevated	O
creatine	B-CHED
phosphokinase	O
level	O
,	O
some	O
patients	O
may	O
have	O
amyopathic	B-DISO
dermatomyositis	I-DISO
(	O
ADM	O
)	O
like	O
presentation	O
with	O
predominant	O
skin	B-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
On	O
May	O
20th	O
2015	O
,	O
a	O
68	O
year	O
old	O
man	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
be	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
Corona	B-CHED
Virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Institutional	O
Preparedness	O
to	O
Prevent	O
Future	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
Like	O
Outbreaks	O
in	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
.	O

Thereafter	O
,	O
186	O
Korean	O
people	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
a	O
short	O
time	O
through	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

Nevertheless	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
infecting	O
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
,	O
Korea	O
experienced	O
the	O
largest	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
outbreak	O
outside	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
,	O
primarily	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
different	O
characteristics	O
of	O
population	O
density	O
and	O
the	O
healthcare	O
system	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outbreaks	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
Two	O
Hospitals	O
Initiated	O
by	O
a	O
Single	O
Patient	O
in	O
Daejeon	O
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

In	O
Hospital	O
B	O
,	O
the	O
median	O
incubation	O
period	O
was	O
shorter	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
6	O
days	O
vs	O
.	O
10	O
.	O
8	O
days	O
),	O
the	O
median	O
time	O
to	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
was	O
faster	O
(	O
3	O
days	O
vs	O
.	O
6	O
days	O
)	O
and	O
mortality	O
was	O
higher	O
(	O
70	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
30	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
than	O
in	O
Hospital	O
A	O
.	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
from	O
11	O
cases	O
formed	O
a	O
single	O
monophyletic	O
clade	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
closest	O
similarity	O
to	O
strains	O
from	O
Riyadh	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
Daejeon	O
,	O
a	O
MERS	O
patient	O
(	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
)	O
was	O
hospitalized	O
at	O
Hospital	O
A	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
of	O
illness	O
and	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
Hospital	O
B	O
because	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
progression	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
week	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
where	O
he	O
received	O
a	O
bronchoscopic	O
examination	O
and	O
nebulizer	O
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
generational	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
(	O
Rg	O
)	O
and	O
case	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
(	O
R	O
(	O
c	O
)	O
)	O
were	O
estimated	O
over	O
time	O
.	O

Older	O
age	O
,	O
presence	O
of	O
coexisting	O
medical	O
conditions	O
including	O
diabetes	B-DISO
or	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
presence	O
of	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
hypotension	O
,	O
and	O
leukocytosis	B-DISO
at	O
admission	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
were	O
revealed	O
to	O
be	O
independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Combination	O
of	O
ECMO	O
and	O
cytokine	O
adsorption	O
therapy	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
with	O
cardiogenic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
ARDS	O
due	O
to	O
Panton	O
-	O
Valentine	O
leukocidin	O
-	O
positive	O
Staphylococcus	B-DISO
aureus	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
H1N1	O
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
33	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
patient	O
who	O
developed	O
acute	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
collapse	I-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
superinfection	B-DISO
of	O
Panton	O
-	O
Valentine	O
leukocidin	O
-	O
positive	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
and	O
H1N1	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
who	O
underwent	O
successful	O
combination	O
therapy	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
cardiomyopathy	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
using	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
cytokine	O
adsorption	O
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Role	O
of	O
Complement	O
C5	O
in	O
Experimental	O
Blunt	O
Chest	B-ANAT
Trauma	O
-	O
Induced	O
Septic	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
6	O
,	O
monocyte	B-PRGE
chemo	I-PRGE
attractant	B-PROC
protein	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
MCP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
granulocyte	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
colony	I-PRGE
stimulating	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
G	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
elevated	O
in	O
both	O
C5	O
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
wildtype	O
littermates	O
(	O
wt	O
),	O
whereas	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
was	O
reduced	O
in	O
lungs	B-ANAT
after	O
DH	O
in	O
C5	O
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
combination	O
of	O
rodent	B-SPEC
and	O
nonhuman	O
primate	B-SPEC
models	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
in	O
evaluating	O
and	O
developing	O
preventive	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
.	O

Older	O
patients	O
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
06	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
13	O
),	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
045	O
)	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
mid	O
-	O
oesophageal	O
tumours	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
7	O
.	O
48	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
62	O
-	O
34	O
.	O
5	O
),	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
010	O
)	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Early	O
and	O
late	O
ARDS	B-DISO
after	O
oesophagectomy	O
increases	O
intensive	O
care	O
and	O
hospital	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
.	O

Given	O
the	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
cohorts	O
of	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
oesophagectomy	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
as	O
models	O
for	O
studies	O
investigating	O
ARDS	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
.	O

Older	O
patients	O
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
06	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
13	O
),	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
045	O
)	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
mid	O
-	O
oesophageal	O
tumours	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
7	O
.	O
48	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
62	O
-	O
34	O
.	O
5	O
),	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
010	O
)	O
had	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
macro	O
domain	O
is	O
an	O
ancient	O
and	O
highly	O
evolutionarily	O
conserved	O
protein	B-CHED
domain	O
widely	O
distributed	O
throughout	O
all	O
kingdoms	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
including	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Three	O
viral	O
families	O
,	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
Togaviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Hepeviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
possess	B-DISO
macro	O
domains	O
embedded	O
in	O
their	O
polyproteins	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
E	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
the	O
adjacent	O
viral	O
helicase	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
dramatically	O
increases	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
macro	O
domain	O
to	O
PAR	B-PRGE
and	O
simulates	O
the	O
demodification	O
activity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predicting	O
the	O
international	O
spread	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
).	O

Although	O
model	O
fit	B-DISO
measured	O
by	O
Akaike	O
Information	O
Criterion	O
(	O
AIC	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
improved	O
by	O
including	O
country	O
-	O
specific	O
religion	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
Muslim	O
majority	O
country	O
),	O
the	O
predictive	O
performance	O
as	O
measured	O
by	O
AUC	O
was	O
not	O
improved	O
after	O
accounting	O
for	O
this	O
covariate	O
.	O

Eligible	O
patients	O
will	O
be	O
randomly	O
allocated	O
to	O
two	O
arms	B-DISO
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
conventional	O
treatment	O
without	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
,	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
conventional	O
treatment	O
plus	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
developed	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
on	O
the	O
2nd	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
she	O
underwent	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

She	O
was	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
ECMO	O
on	O
the	O
10th	O
day	O
,	O
as	O
her	O
respiratory	O
status	O
gradually	O
improved	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
nonobese	O
women	O
,	O
super	O
obese	B-DISO
women	O
had	O
twofold	O
odds	O
of	O
acute	O
(	O
5	O
vs	O
.	O
10	O
%;	O
adjusted	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
aOR	B-FUNC
]:	O
1	O
.	O
81	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]:	O
1	O
.	O
59	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
73	O
)	O
and	O
severe	O
(	O
3	O
vs	O
.	O
6	O
%;	O
aOR	B-FUNC
:	O
2	O
.	O
08	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
59	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
73	O
)	O
neonatal	O
morbidity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
RSV	B-SPEC
Antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
Human	B-SPEC
Plasma	B-ANAT
by	O
Enzyme	O
Immunoassays	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Enzyme	O
immunoassays	O
(	O
EIAs	O
)	O
to	O
detect	O
and	O
quantify	O
antibodies	O
against	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
RSV	B-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
human	B-SPEC
plasma	B-ANAT
or	O
sera	B-COMP
are	O
described	O
.	O

All	O
three	O
EIAs	O
have	O
been	O
evaluated	O
for	O
detecting	O
and	O
quantifying	O
the	O
respective	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
human	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
or	O
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

Abelson	O
Kinase	B-PROC
Inhibitors	I-PROC
Are	O
Potent	O
Inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Fusion	O
.	O

Both	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
are	O
zoonotic	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
bats	B-SPEC
as	O
the	O
primary	O
source	O
.	O

The	O
emergence	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
provides	O
evidence	O
that	O
coronaviruses	O
are	O
currently	O
spreading	O
from	O
zoonotic	O
sources	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
,	O
causing	O
serious	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
new	O
family	O
of	O
IFNs	O
called	O
type	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
or	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
λ	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
described	O
,	O
and	O
shown	O
to	O
induce	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
several	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

This	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
poIFN	O
-	O
λ3	O
on	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
observed	O
under	O
three	O
different	O
treatment	O
conditions	O
.	O

For	O
inclusion	O
,	O
the	O
patients	O
had	O
to	O
fulfill	O
Yamaguchi	O
or	O
Fautrel	O
classification	O
criteria	O
,	O
show	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
have	O
imaging	O
evidence	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
involvement	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
data	O
allowing	O
exclusion	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
,	O
cardiogenic	O
,	O
toxic	O
,	O
or	O
iatrogenic	O
cause	O
of	O
PLI	O
should	O
be	O
available	O
.	O

Among	O
these	O
30	O
AOSD	O
+	O
PLI	O
cases	O
,	O
12	O
presented	O
an	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
the	O
remaining	O
18	O
another	O
PLI	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
and	O
characterized	O
previously	O
unknown	O
and	O
diverse	O
genetic	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
in	O
the	O
Atlantic	O
Forest	O
Biome	O
,	O
Brazil	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
was	O
collected	O
4	O
to	O
6	O
weeks	O
after	O
the	O
last	O
contact	O
with	O
a	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
patient	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
a	O
partial	O
co	O
-	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
authentic	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
β	O
-	O
tubulin	B-PRGE
was	O
observed	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
drug	O
-	O
induced	O
microtubule	B-PROC
depolymerization	I-PROC
led	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
spike	O
protein	B-PROC
distribution	I-PROC
,	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
and	O
less	O
amount	O
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
incorporated	O
into	O
virions	B-COMP
.	O

HPIV	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
recipients	O
of	O
hematopoietic	B-PRGE
stem	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
transplant	B-ANAT
(	O
HSCT	O
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
50	O
%	O
acute	O
mortality	O
and	O
75	O
%	O
mortality	O
at	O
6	O
months	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Update	O
on	O
Human	B-SPEC
Rhinovirus	I-SPEC
and	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
role	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
play	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
asthma	B-PATH
makes	O
the	O
search	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
of	O
increased	O
importance	O
.	O

The	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
in	O
family	B-SPEC
-	O
based	O
and	O
hospital	O
-	O
based	O
outbreaks	O
were	O
reported	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
comorbidities	O
such	O
as	O
diabetes	B-DISO
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Key	O
areas	O
of	O
interest	O
are	O
surveillance	O
programs	O
,	O
political	O
limitations	O
on	O
our	O
ability	O
to	O
respond	O
quickly	O
enough	O
to	O
emerging	O
threats	O
,	O
media	B-ANAT
management	O
,	O
public	O
information	O
dissemination	O
,	O
infection	O
control	O
,	O
prophylaxis	O
,	O
and	O
individual	O
patient	O
management	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antivirals	B-CHED
for	O
Respiratory	O
Viral	B-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
:	O
Problems	O
and	O
Prospects	O
.	O

Direct	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
ratio	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
SLED	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
chimeric	O
VP8	O
-	O
S2	O
gene	O
was	O
cloned	O
and	O
sub	O
-	O
cloned	O
into	O
pGH	B-CHED
and	O
pET32a	O
(+)	O
vectors	O
.	O

Specific	O
IgY	O
against	O
the	O
recombinant	O
VP8	O
-	O
S2	O
could	O
be	O
recommended	O
as	O
a	O
candidate	O
for	O
passive	O
immunization	O
against	O
bovine	B-SPEC
rotavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Using	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
infections	B-DISO
as	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
report	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
LSECs	O
by	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
MHV3	O
serotype	O
leads	O
to	O
a	O
reversion	O
of	O
their	O
intrinsic	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
phenotype	O
toward	O
a	O
proinflammatory	O
profile	O
as	O
well	O
to	O
as	O
disorders	O
in	O
vascular	B-ANAT
factors	O
,	O
correlating	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
highlight	O
a	O
new	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
promoted	O
mechanism	O
of	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
during	O
acute	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
overlay	O
protein	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
assay	O
(	O
VOPBA	O
),	O
we	O
identified	O
carcinoembryonic	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	O
5	O
(	O
CEACAM5	B-PRGE
)	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
cell	B-FUNC
surface	I-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
target	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
CEACAM5	O
coimmunoprecipitated	O
with	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
both	O
overexpressed	O
and	O
endogenous	O
settings	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
Sleep	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Disordered	I-DISO
Breathing	B-PROC
and	O
Patient	O
Characteristics	O
in	O
a	O
Coronary	B-ANAT
Artery	I-ANAT
Disease	I-DISO
Cohort	O
Undergoing	O
Cardiovascular	O
Rehabilitation	O
.	O

SDB	O
severity	O
did	O
not	O
vary	O
significantly	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
stable	O
CAD	B-DISO
or	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
left	B-PROC
ventricular	I-PROC
ejection	I-PROC
fraction	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
identified	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
,	O
and	O
CABG	O
as	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
severe	O
SDB	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
SDB	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
prevalent	O
comorbidity	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
CAD	B-DISO
,	O
particularly	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
undergone	O
CABG	O
.	O

Nine	O
possible	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
were	O
identified	O
between	O
the	O
29	O
identifed	O
S1	O
genes	O
and	O
the	O
3	O
S1	O
reference	O
genes	O
from	O
early	O
Chinese	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

The	O
factors	O
that	O
regulate	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
inflamed	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
pathomechanisms	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
remain	O
incomplete	O
.	O

BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
highly	O
chemotactic	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
neutralising	O
either	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
or	O
CCL7	B-PRGE
attenuated	O
the	O
neutrophil	B-DISO
chemotactic	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
study	O
highlights	O
important	O
inflammatory	O
chemokines	O
involved	O
in	O
regulating	O
neutrophil	B-DISO
migration	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
may	O
have	O
potential	O
value	O
as	O
therapeutic	O
targets	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
and	O
CCL7	B-PRGE
were	O
significantly	O
elevated	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
recovered	O
from	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
challenged	O
volunteers	O
and	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Occurrence	O
and	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronaviruses	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunogenicity	O
and	O
protective	O
efficacy	O
of	O
recombinant	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
containing	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
hemagglutinin	O
of	O
H3N2	B-CHED
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
paucity	O
of	O
data	O
regarding	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
CT	O
findings	O
in	O
survivors	O
after	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

PICU	B-SPEC
patients	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
children	O
with	O
other	O
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
rhinoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
children	O
with	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
D68	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
(	O
64	O
%	O
vs	O
45	O
%)	O
or	O
multiple	O
prior	O
wheezing	B-DISO
episodes	O
(	O
54	O
%	O
vs	O
34	O
%;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
for	O
both	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
BACKGROUND	O
Unexplained	O
renal	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
combined	O
with	O
hepatic	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
problem	O
encountered	O
by	O
clinicians	O
.	O

His	O
symptoms	O
started	O
with	O
dark	B-DISO
urine	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
cramps	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
thighs	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
chills	B-DISO
.	O

Positive	O
physical	O
examination	O
findings	O
included	O
mild	O
tachycardia	O
and	O
hypotension	O
,	O
scleral	B-DISO
icterus	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
tenderness	B-DISO
over	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
,	O
costovertebral	O
angles	O
,	O
and	O
thighs	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
condition	B-DISO
drastically	O
improved	O
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
.	O

On	O
subsequent	O
days	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
Leptospira	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
results	O
were	O
available	O
,	O
showing	O
titers	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
1	O
:	O
3200	O
.	O

The	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
was	O
sparked	O
by	O
an	O
exported	O
case	O
from	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
,	O
which	O
remains	O
a	O
concern	O
as	O
the	O
reservoir	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
camels	B-SPEC
)	O
continues	O
to	O
exist	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
,	O
and	O
sporadic	O
cases	O
in	O
the	O
community	O
and	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
settings	O
continue	O
to	O
occur	O
there	O
.	O

This	O
risk	O
assessment	O
highlights	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
Singapore	O
to	O
stay	O
vigilant	O
and	O
to	O
continue	O
enhancing	O
core	O
public	O
health	O
capacities	O
to	O
detect	O
and	O
respond	O
to	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

SM	B-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
(	O
SMS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
enzyme	O
in	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
SM	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
SMS	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
pathway	B-PROC
involving	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	O
)‑	O
κB	O
induced	O
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
remains	O
to	O
be	O
elucidated	O
.	O

Under	O
the	O
premise	O
of	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
an	O
ALI	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
induced	O
by	O
LPS	O
,	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
established	O
a	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
LPS	B-DISO
group	O
and	O
pyrrolidine	B-CHED
dithiocarbamate	O
(	O
PDTC	O
;	O
an	O
NF	O
‑	O
κB	O
pathway	B-PROC
inhibitor	B-CHED
)	O
group	O
.	O

Hematoxylin	B-CHED
‑	I-CHED
eosin	I-CHED
staining	O
,	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	O
‑	O
quantitative	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
analysis	O
,	O
western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
and	O
thin	O
layer	B-ANAT
chromatography	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
SMS	B-DISO
in	O
ALI	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
reduced	O
during	O
the	O
acute	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
reaction	I-DISO
when	O
NF	O
‑	O
κB	O
was	O
inhibited	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
SMS2	B-FUNC
may	O
affect	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
the	O
NF	O
‑	O
κB	O
pathway	B-PROC
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
through	O
CD14	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
Between	O
Train	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
Four	O
Values	O
and	O
Gas	B-ENZY
Exchange	O
Indices	O
in	O
Moderate	O
to	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Eosinophilic	B-DISO
Lung	I-DISO
Diseases	O
.	O

Within	O
the	O
55	O
South	O
China	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
field	O
strains	O
,	O
the	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
identities	O
ranged	O
from	O
93	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
to	O
99	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
and	O
ranged	O
from	O
90	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
to	O
99	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
foreign	O
reference	O
strains	O
in	O
GenBank	O
.	O

The	O
available	O
vaccines	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
cannot	O
cover	O
new	O
variants	O
.	O

Each	O
cowcalf	O
-	O
pair	O
was	O
visited	O
three	O
times	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
6	O
weeks	O
of	O
life	O
to	O
collect	O
data	O
of	O
the	O
farm	O
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
faecal	B-ANAT
,	O
colostral	O
and	O
milk	O
samples	O
.	O

Cryptosporidium	O
oocysts	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
the	O
modified	O
Ziehl	O
-	O
Neelsen	O
staining	O
,	O
other	O
protozoa	O
with	O
the	O
SAFC	O
method	O
and	O
Eimeria	B-SPEC
oocysts	O
and	O
helminth	O
eggs	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
the	O
combined	O
sedimentation	O
/	O
floatation	O
test	O
.	O

Calves	O
housed	O
in	O
open	O
sheds	O
showed	O
significantly	O
more	O
often	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
they	O
shed	O
more	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
oocysts	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
4	O
days	O
and	O
7	O
to	O
20	O
days	O
post	O
natum	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
general	O
,	O
the	O
nucleotide	O
bias	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
major	O
determinant	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
codon	O
usages	O
,	O
thus	O
limiting	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
codon	O
selection	O
and	O
translational	B-PROC
control	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
p53	B-PRGE
down	O
-	O
regulates	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
is	O
targeted	B-PROC
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
unique	O
domain	O
and	O
PLpro	O
via	O
E3	O
ubiquitin	O
ligase	O
RCHY1	O
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
p53	B-PRGE
inhibits	O
replication	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
as	O
well	O
as	O
of	O
replicons	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
burn	O
patients	O
:	O
An	O
analysis	O
of	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
clinical	O
features	O
,	O
and	O
outcomes	O
using	O
the	O
Berlin	O
ARDS	O
definition	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
'	O
s	O
purpose	O
was	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
its	O
associated	O
respiratory	B-DISO
morbidity	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
mortality	O
among	O
civilian	O
burn	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
%	O
FT	O
burn	O
predicted	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
[	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
034	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
013	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
055	O
),	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
].	O

ARDS	B-DISO
developed	O
in	O
the	O
1st	O
week	O
after	O
burn	O
in	O
86	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
.	O

Increasing	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
based	O
upon	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
significantly	O
greater	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
a	O
trend	O
toward	O
higher	O
mortality	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
its	O
general	O
application	O
has	O
been	O
hampered	O
by	O
difficulty	O
in	O
identifying	O
a	O
specific	O
ligand	B-PROC
-	O
responsive	O
pseudoknot	O
that	O
also	O
functions	O
as	O
a	O
ligand	B-PROC
-	O
dependent	O
-	O
1	O
PRF	O
stimulator	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
dynamic	O
compartmental	O
model	O
for	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
:	O
A	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
on	O
control	O
interventions	O
and	O
superspreading	O
events	O
.	O

Our	O
model	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
good	O
fit	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
trajectory	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
and	O
was	O
useful	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
hypothetical	O
control	O
scenarios	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
leading	O
indication	O
for	O
performing	O
critical	O
care	O
ultrasonography	O
(	O
CCUS	O
)	O
which	O
,	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
combines	O
critical	O
care	O
echocardiography	O
(	O
CCE	O
)	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
ultrasonography	O
.	O

Some	O
classical	O
CIRD	O
agents	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
canine	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
canid	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
were	O
not	O
detected	O
at	O
all	O
,	O
as	O
were	O
not	O
other	O
emerging	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
canine	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
canine	O
hepacivirus	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
(	O
Streptococcus	O
equi	O
subsp	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
-	O
and	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
each	O
monophyletic	O
,	O
suggesting	O
ecological	O
isolation	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
inefficient	O
replication	O
in	O
several	O
mucosa	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
and	O
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
cultures	O
suggested	O
lack	O
of	O
adaptation	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
.	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
human	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
neutralized	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
suggesting	O
population	O
immunity	B-PROC
against	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
pathological	O
situations	O
such	O
as	O
ischemia	B-DISO
-	O
reperfusion	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
(	O
ROS	B-CHED
)	O
are	O
produced	O
by	O
different	O
systems	O
which	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
ultimately	O
leading	O
to	O
severe	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
.	O

The	O
biphasic	O
effect	O
was	O
not	O
seen	O
with	O
ERK1	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
where	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
only	O
was	O
observed	O
.	O

A	O
new	O
potential	O
recombination	B-PROC
hotspot	O
[	O
ATTTT	O
(	O
T	O
/	O
A	O
)]	O
was	O
identified	O
,	O
implying	O
that	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
may	O
become	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
common	O
.	O

Six	O
of	O
the	O
seven	O
field	O
isolates	O
(	O
all	O
except	O
for	O
cK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
SCYB	B-PRGE
/	O
140913	O
)	O
cross	O
-	O
reacted	O
well	O
with	O
anti	O
-	O
sera	B-COMP
against	O
other	O
field	O
strains	O
.	O

Impact	O
on	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
-	O
Acquired	O
Weakness	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Systemic	O
inflammation	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
immobilization	O
are	O
strong	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
-	O
acquired	O
weakness	B-DISO
(	O
ICUAW	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feasibility	O
of	O
Using	O
Convalescent	O
Plasma	B-ANAT
Immunotherapy	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Infection	B-DISO
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Confirmation	O
of	O
an	O
imported	O
case	O
of	O
infection	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
triggered	O
intensive	O
contact	O
tracing	O
and	O
mandatory	O
monitoring	O
.	O

Contact	O
monitoring	O
detected	O
no	O
secondary	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
of	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
One	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
characteristic	O
pathological	O
changes	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
succumbed	O
to	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
multifocal	O
granulomatous	O
phlebitis	B-DISO
.	O

Immunofluorescence	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
endothelial	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
P	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
selectin	I-PRGE
,	O
E	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
selectin	I-PRGE
,	O
intercellular	B-PRGE
adhesion	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
vascular	B-PRGE
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
VCAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
elevated	O
in	O
veins	B-ANAT
close	O
to	O
granulomatous	O
infiltrates	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
renal	B-ANAT
cortex	I-ANAT
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
patients	O
compared	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
infiltrated	B-DISO
regions	O
and	O
specimens	O
from	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Next	O
,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
feline	B-SPEC
venous	B-ANAT
ECs	O
become	O
activated	O
when	O
exposed	O
to	O
supernatant	O
from	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)-	O
infected	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
increased	O
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
strongly	O
indicate	O
that	O
FIPV	O
activates	O
ECs	O
to	O
increase	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
adhesion	B-DISO
by	O
an	O
indirect	O
route	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
proinflammatory	O
factors	O
released	O
from	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
act	O
as	O
key	O
intermediates	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
frailty	O
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
88	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
33	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
66	O
),	O
moderate	O
frailty	O
(	O
OR	O
3	O
.	O
83	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
2	O
.	O
71	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
41	O
),	O
and	O
severe	O
frailty	O
(	O
OR	O
6	O
.	O
97	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
4	O
.	O
98	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
74	O
)	O
had	O
significantly	O
increased	O
odds	O
of	O
developing	O
a	O
major	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
complication	B-DISO
(	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Twenty	O
-	O
two	O
percent	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
primary	O
outcome	O
,	O
21	O
%	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
57	O
%	O
developed	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Fluid	O
volume	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
intubation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
syndecan	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
level	O
but	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
intubation	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
high	O
syndecan	O
-	O
1	O
levels	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
understand	O
if	O
these	O
animals	B-SPEC
could	O
be	O
infected	O
,	O
we	O
challenged	O
young	O
goats	B-SPEC
and	O
horses	B-SPEC
and	O
adult	O
sheep	B-SPEC
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
by	O
intranasal	O
inoculation	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
four	O
weeks	O
following	O
inoculation	O
,	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
young	O
goats	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
sheep	B-SPEC
or	O
horses	B-SPEC
.	O

TMPRSS2	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
localized	O
to	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
,	O
is	O
a	O
serine	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
proteolysis	B-PROC
of	O
S	O
in	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
stage	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
a	O
facile	O
approach	O
to	O
formulate	O
synthetic	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
(	O
sVLPs	O
)	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
exploiting	O
the	O
phenomenon	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
corona	B-CHED
formation	B-PROC
induced	O
by	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
energy	O
surfaces	O
of	O
synthetic	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
.	O

As	O
compared	O
to	O
inoculation	O
with	O
free	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
vaccination	O
with	O
the	O
sVLPs	O
showed	O
enhanced	O
lymphatic	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
delivery	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
stronger	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
,	O
increased	O
splenic	B-ANAT
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
response	O
,	O
and	O
reduced	O
infection	B-DISO
-	O
associated	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
avian	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Comparison	O
to	O
a	O
commercial	O
whole	O
inactivated	O
virus	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
also	O
showed	O
evidence	O
of	O
superior	O
antiviral	B-CHED
protection	O
by	O
the	O
sVLPs	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
a	O
simple	O
yet	O
robust	O
method	O
in	O
bridging	O
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
with	O
synthetic	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
for	O
improved	O
vaccine	O
application	O
;	O
it	O
has	O
practical	O
implications	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
agriculture	O
.	O

Methods	O
Agarose	B-CHED
gel	O
electrophoresis	O
(	O
AGE	O
)	O
and	O
capillary	B-ANAT
zone	O
electrophoresis	O
(	O
CZE	O
)	O
from	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
and	O
healthy	O
cats	B-SPEC
recorded	O
in	O
the	O
periods	B-PROC
2004	O
-	O
2009	O
and	O
2013	O
-	O
2014	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
analysed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
up	O
-	O
regulates	O
FcRn	O
expression	B-PROC
via	O
activation	O
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

How	O
porcine	B-PRGE
FcRn	I-PRGE
(	O
pFcRn	O
)	O
expression	B-PROC
is	O
regulated	O
by	O
pathogenic	O
infection	B-DISO
remains	O
unknown	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
was	O
activated	O
in	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Transient	O
transfection	B-PROC
of	O
pFcRn	O
promoter	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
report	O
plasmids	O
with	O
overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
p65	O
transcription	O
factor	O
enhanced	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
report	O
plasmids	O
.	O

Together	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
provide	O
the	O
first	O
evidence	O
that	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
up	O
-	O
regulates	O
pFcRn	O
expression	B-PROC
via	O
activation	O
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

How	O
viruses	B-SPEC
coordinate	O
the	O
intracellular	B-COMP
trafficking	B-PROC
of	O
both	O
RNA	O
and	O
protein	B-CHED
components	O
to	O
the	O
assembly	O
sites	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
particles	O
at	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
remains	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
standing	B-PROC
question	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
A59	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
useful	O
tool	O
for	O
studying	O
virus	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
host	B-COMP
interaction	I-PROC
during	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
suitability	O
of	O
ORFV121	O
gene	O
locus	O
as	O
an	O
insertion	O
site	O
for	O
heterologous	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
and	O
delivery	O
by	O
ORFV	O
-	O
based	O
viral	O
vectors	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
provide	O
evidence	O
of	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
ORFV	O
as	O
a	O
vaccine	O
delivery	O
vector	O
for	O
enteric	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
recently	O
caused	O
high	O
mortality	O
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
with	O
subsequent	O
large	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

The	O
risk	O
of	O
secondary	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
following	O
importation	O
increased	O
with	O
the	O
time	O
to	O
case	O
isolation	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
and	O
more	O
precisely	O
with	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
in	O
nursing	B-PROC
homes	O
in	O
Corsica	O
,	O
France	O
,	O
2014	O
-	O
2015	O
:	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
22	O
residents	O
with	O
a	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
sample	O
,	O
13	O
(	O
59	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
11	O
pathogens	O
analysed	O
.	O

Of	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
confirmed	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
),	O
10	O
(	O
91	O
%)	O
were	O
vaccinated	O
against	O
influenza	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
2014	O
-	O
2015	O
season	O
.	O

Two	O
influenza	B-DISO
outbreaks	O
were	O
reported	O
in	O
two	O
NHs	B-DISO
,	O
caused	O
by	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
)	O
strains	O
belonging	O
to	O
cluster	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
2a	I-PRGE
.	O

Critical	O
to	O
this	O
discovery	O
process	O
was	O
the	O
employment	O
of	O
an	O
ex	O
vivo	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
(	O
CV	B-ANAT
)	O
model	O
which	O
served	O
to	O
identify	O
compounds	O
that	O
,	O
like	O
2	O
,	O
were	O
free	O
of	O
the	O
CV	B-ANAT
liabilities	O
that	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
discontinuation	O
of	O
BMS	O
-	O
605339	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
from	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Full	O
-	O
length	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
analysis	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolate	O
associated	O
with	O
nephropathogenic	O
infection	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
highly	O
virulent	O
nephropathogenic	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
named	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
XDC	O
-	O
2	O
/	O
2013	O
was	O
identified	O
from	O
a	O
vaccinated	O
flock	O
with	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
IB	O
in	O
the	O
Jiangsu	O
province	O
of	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
isolate	O
was	O
27	O
,	O
714	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
long	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
genome	O
was	O
organized	O
similarly	O
to	O
classical	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

The	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
gene	O
had	O
the	O
greatest	O
similarity	O
to	O
the	O
nephropathogenic	O
BJ	O
strain	O
and	O
showed	O
an	O
8	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
insertion	O
(	O
YSNGNSDV	O
)	O
at	O
73	O
to	O
80	O
sites	O
and	O
3	O
amino	O
acid	O
deletion	O
at	O
sites	O
126	O
to	O
128	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
strains	O
.	O

A	O
recombination	B-PROC
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
showed	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
isolate	O
evolved	O
from	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
BJ	O
strain	O
and	O
the	O
KM91	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mortality	O
rates	O
for	O
severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	O
(	O
CAP	B-DISO
)	O
range	O
from	O
17	O
to	O
48	O
%	O
in	O
published	O
studies	O
.	O

Although	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
generally	O
causes	O
subclinical	O
or	O
mild	O
disease	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
can	O
result	O
in	O
serious	O
outcomes	O
,	O
including	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
comorbidities	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
beneficial	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

HFOV	O
with	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
mPaw	O
increases	O
transpulmonary	O
pressures	O
without	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
identified	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
has	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
herds	O
of	O
North	O
America	O
associated	O
with	O
enteric	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Myalgic	B-DISO
encephalomyelitis	I-DISO
chronic	B-DISO
fatigue	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ME	O
/	O
CFS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
debilitating	O
disorder	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
intense	O
fatigue	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
reduced	O
physical	O
activity	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
impaired	B-DISO
quality	O
of	O
life	O
.	O

Intravenous	O
(	O
IV	O
)	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
(	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
:	O
1	O
g	O
/	O
day	O
×	O
3	O
days	O
),	O
followed	O
by	O
oral	B-ANAT
prednisolone	B-CHED
(	O
PSL	O
)	O
(	O
40	O
mg	O
/	O
day	O
),	O
and	O
IV	B-PRGE
immunoglobulin	I-PRGE
(	O
IVIg	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
g	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
day	O
×	O
5	O
days	O
)	O
administrations	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
amelioration	O
of	O
these	O
symptoms	O
.	O

Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
plantarum	I-SPEC
-	O
Biocenol	O
(	O
TM	O
)	O
LP96	O
(	O
CCM	B-DISO
7512	O
),	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
fermentum	I-SPEC
-	O
Biocenol	O
(	O
TM	O
)	O
LF99	O
(	O
CCM	B-DISO
7514	O
)	O
and	O
flaxseed	B-SPEC
(	O
rich	O
in	O
n	O
-	O
3	O
polyunsaturated	B-CHED
fatty	I-CHED
acids	I-CHED
)	O
were	O
administered	O
to	O
36	O
conventional	O
piglets	O
from	O
a	O
problematic	O
breed	B-PROC
with	O
confirmed	O
presence	O
of	O
enterotoxigenic	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

©	O
2015	O
Japanese	O
Society	O
of	O
Animal	B-SPEC
Science	O
.	O

Current	O
treatment	O
options	O
for	O
MERS	O
can	O
be	O
categorized	O
as	O
:	O
immunotherapy	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
;	O
polyclonal	O
and	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
produced	O
in	O
vitro	O
or	O
in	O
genetically	O
modified	O
animals	B-SPEC
;	O
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

The	O
odds	O
ratio	O
for	O
maternal	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
ventilated	O
early	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
39	O
as	O
against	O
5	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
partial	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
S1	O
gene	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
molecular	O
diversity	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
two	O
life	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
batch	O
of	O
breeding	B-PROC
hens	O
at	O
the	O
field	O
level	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
phase	O
,	O
the	O
Ma5	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
,	O
small	B-ANAT
intestine	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
hens	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
previously	O
unidentified	O
IBV	O
variant	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
cecal	B-ANAT
tonsils	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
setting	O
high	O
APRV	O
guided	O
by	O
expiratory	B-PROC
inflection	O
point	O
of	O
pressure	O
-	O
volume	O
curve	O
on	O
oxygen	O
delivery	O
in	O
canine	O
models	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
study	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
CoV	O
strains	O
circulating	O
in	O
Arkansas	O
,	O
their	O
genetic	O
variability	O
and	O
their	O
association	O
with	O
reported	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

At	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
6	O
wk	O
,	O
in	O
total	O
,	O
180	O
cockerels	O
were	O
assigned	O
to	O
12	O
treatment	O
groups	O
,	O
3	O
(	O
rearing	O
system	O
)	O
×	O
4	O
(	O
Aseel	O
chicken	B-SPEC
variety	O
)	O
factorial	O
arrangement	O
in	O
7	O
randomized	O
complete	O
blocks	O
,	O
replicated	O
3	O
times	O
with	O
5	O
birds	B-SPEC
in	O
each	O
replicate	O
(	O
45	O
birds	B-SPEC
of	O
each	O
variety	O
;	O
60	O
birds	B-SPEC
in	O
each	O
rearing	O
system	O
;	O
36	O
total	O
replicates	O
).	O

After	O
laboratory	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
recorded	O
data	O
for	O
blood	B-ANAT
biochemical	O
profile	O
and	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
using	O
2	O
-	O
way	O
ANOVA	O
under	O
factorial	O
arrangement	O
.	O

Peshawari	O
birds	B-SPEC
indicated	O
higher	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
concentration	O
of	O
glucose	B-CHED
,	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
,	O
uric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
creatinine	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
titers	O
to	O
NDV	B-SPEC
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Cholesterol	B-CHED
level	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
greater	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
birds	B-SPEC
of	O
LK	O
and	O
SN	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
highlight	O
that	O
CF	O
rearing	O
system	O
expediently	O
affects	O
glucose	B-CHED
and	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
in	O
birds	B-SPEC
;	O
SI	O
and	O
FR	O
confer	O
maximum	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
to	O
NDV	B-SPEC
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Pre	O
-	O
ECMO	O
PF	O
ratio	O
,	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
prone	O
position	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
ventilatory	O
variables	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
between	O
groups	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
exported	O
to	O
Korea	O
in	O
2015	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
neighboring	O
nations	O
.	O

We	O
collected	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
daily	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
cases	O
and	O
quarantined	O
cases	O
from	O
May	O
11	O
,	O
2015	O
to	O
June	O
26	O
,	O
2015	O
using	O
the	O
Korean	O
government	O
MERS	O
portal	B-ANAT
.	O

(	O
3	O
)	O
The	O
rates	O
of	O
abnormal	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
in	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
mildly	O
elevated	O
group	O
and	O
highly	O
elevated	O
group	O
were	O
0	O
.	O
90	O
%(	O
4	O
/	O
443	O
),	O
14	O
.	O
06	O
%(	O
9	O
/	O
64	O
),	O
20	O
.	O
83	O
%(	O
5	O
/	O
24	O
)(	O
χ	O
(	O
2	O
)=	O
52	O
.	O
925	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
).	O

The	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
elevated	O
amylase	B-PRGE
or	O
lipase	B-PRGE
were	O
age	O
,	O
convulsions	B-DISO
,	O
consciousness	O
,	O
BE	O
,	O
PCT	B-DISO
,	O
calcium	B-CHED
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
MODS	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
155	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
491	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
237	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
949	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
604	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
008	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
660	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
907	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
836	O
,	O
P	O
all	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
occurrence	O
rate	O
of	O
hyperamylasemia	B-DISO
or	O
high	O
lipase	B-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
children	O
were	O
lower	O
than	O
adults	O
,	O
elevated	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
was	O
accompanied	O
by	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
,	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
elevated	O
probably	O
due	O
to	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
damage	O
,	O
which	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
the	O
prognosis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Here	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
tracheal	B-DISO
fistula	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
an	O
anastomotic	O
insufficiency	O
following	O
abdominothoracic	O
esophageal	O
resection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
Spatiotemporal	O
Characteristics	O
of	O
Pandemic	O
SARS	B-DISO
Spread	O
in	O
Mainland	O
China	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
Vt	O
size	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
ventilator	O
mode	O
used	O
for	O
its	O
delivery	O
(	O
volume	O
vs	O
.	O
pressure	O
control	O
),	O
on	O
the	O
magnitude	O
of	O
patient	O
-	O
ventilator	O
dyssynchrony	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
or	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Orally	B-ANAT
Administrated	O
Whole	O
Yeast	B-SPEC
Vaccine	O
Against	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	I-SPEC
Diarrhea	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC

The	O
pathological	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
cystic	O
oviducts	B-ANAT
were	O
observed	O
throughout	O
the	O
surveillance	O
period	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
predictive	O
values	O
of	O
different	O
critical	O
scoring	O
systems	O
for	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
supported	O
by	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
).	O

Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
(	O
APACHE	O
)	O
Ⅱ	O
,	O
Ⅲ	O
,	O
Ⅳ	O
,	O
Simplified	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
Score	O
Ⅱ	O
(	O
SAPS	O
)	O
Ⅱ	O
,	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
(	O
SOFA	O
),	O
ECMO	O
net	O
,	O
PRedicting	O
dEath	B-PROC
for	O
SEvere	O
ARDS	B-DISO
on	O
VVECMO	O
(	O
PRESERVE	O
),	O
and	O
Respiratory	O
ECMO	O
Survival	O
Prediction	O
(	O
RESP	O
)	O
scores	O
were	O
collected	O
within	O
6	O
hours	O
before	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
support	O
.	O

(	O
4	O
)	O
Multiple	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
555	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
097	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
204	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
APACHE	O
Ⅳ	O
score	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
152	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
021	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
301	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
and	O
PRESERVE	O
score	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
4	O
.	O
984	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
531	O
-	O
16	O
.	O
227	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
were	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
of	O
patients	O
supported	O
by	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
.	O

India	O
,	O
Pakistan	O
and	O
Bangladesh	O
are	O
the	O
highest	O
risk	O
countries	O
which	O
have	O
yet	O
to	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
prepared	O
for	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
(	O
pilgrims	O
and	O
general	O
)	O
travellers	O
returning	O
infected	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
Egypt	O
,	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
USA	O
are	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
more	O
cases	O
.	O

The	O
highly	O
lethal	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
remains	O
in	O
the	O
WHO	O
list	O
of	O
top	O
emerging	O
diseases	O
likely	O
to	O
cause	O
major	O
epidemics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
continues	O
to	O
circulate	O
worldwide	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
and	O
affecting	O
both	O
vaccinated	O
and	O
unvaccinated	O
flocks	O
.	O

The	O
deduced	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
HVRs	O
of	O
the	O
variant	O
subgroups	O
indicated	O
different	O
genetic	O
features	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
the	O
classic	O
vaccine	O
group	O
(	O
H120	O
lineage	O
).	O

Hence	O
,	O
continuous	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
vaccine	O
strategy	O
is	O
highly	O
recommended	O
for	O
better	O
control	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
poultry	O
sector	O
in	O
Egypt	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
MicroRNAs	O
(	O
miRNAs	O
)	O
are	O
noncoding	O
RNAs	O
that	O
modulate	O
cellular	B-COMP
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
,	O
primarily	O
at	O
the	O
post	O
-	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
level	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
support	O
a	O
novel	O
role	O
for	O
miR	O
-	O
155	O
in	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
in	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
viral	O
-	O
induced	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
.	O

Further	O
,	O
miR	O
-	O
155	O
can	O
play	O
either	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
protective	O
or	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
damaging	O
role	O
during	O
neuroinflammation	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
disease	O
trigger	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risks	O
of	O
Death	B-PROC
and	O
Severe	O
Disease	O
in	O
Patients	O
With	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
2012	O
-	O
2015	O
.	O

In	O
total	O
,	O
87	O
.	O
54	O
%	O
acknowledged	O
that	O
they	O
routinely	O
used	O
alcohol	O
-	O
based	O
hand	O
rub	O
,	O
87	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
had	O
sufficiently	O
decontaminated	O
hands	B-ANAT
even	O
under	O
high	O
work	O
pressure	O
,	O
and	O
78	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
addressed	O
that	O
this	O
practice	O
was	O
not	O
affected	O
by	O
less	O
compliant	O
colleagues	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
AvCoV	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
tracheas	B-ANAT
27	O
/	O
30	O
(	O
90	O
%),	O
lungs	B-ANAT
31	O
/	O
49	O
(	O
62	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
caecal	O
tonsils	B-ANAT
7	O
/	O
22	O
(	O
31	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
and	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
4	O
/	O
49	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
of	O
broiler	O
flocks	O
examined	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
genetically	O
different	O
AvCoV	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
including	O
vaccine	O
-	O
like	O
strains	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
partial	O
S1	O
sequence	O
,	O
are	O
circulating	O
in	O
broiler	O
and	O
layer	B-ANAT
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
Israeli	O
variant	O
-	O
2	O
strain	O
is	O
undergoing	O
evolution	B-PROC
.	O

After	O
surveillance	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
2009	O
and	O
2010	O
,	O
some	O
farmers	O
started	O
vaccinating	O
quail	O
with	O
the	O
Massachusetts	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
serotype	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sevoflurane	B-CHED
for	O
Sedation	B-DISO
in	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Asplenic	O
patients	O
may	O
be	O
at	O
additional	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
intravascular	B-DISO
haemolysis	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
61	O
years	O
old	O
asplenic	O
man	B-CHED
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
tertiary	O
referral	O
hospital	O
in	O
Sabah	O
,	O
Malaysia	O
,	O
with	O
severe	O
knowlesi	O
malaria	B-PATH
characterized	O
by	O
hyperparasitaemia	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
jaundice	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
metabolic	B-PROC
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	O
kidney	O
injury	O
.	O

An	O
asplenic	O
patient	O
with	O
hyperparasitaemic	O
severe	O
knowlesi	O
malaria	B-PATH
developed	O
haemoglobinuria	B-DISO
after	O
treatment	O
with	O
intravenous	O
artesunate	B-CHED
.	O

Although	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
the	O
patient	O
made	O
a	O
rapid	O
recovery	O
,	O
knowlesi	O
malaria	B-PATH
patients	O
with	O
this	O
unusual	O
complication	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
closely	O
monitored	O
for	O
potential	O
deterioration	O
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
approved	O
treatments	O
for	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
continues	O
to	O
infect	O
new	O
patients	O
and	O
that	O
has	O
now	O
spread	O
from	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
to	O
Asia	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
first	O
isolation	O
of	O
Tioman	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
from	O
a	O
region	O
where	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
activity	O
has	O
been	O
noticed	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
and	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
a	O
severe	O
outbreak	O
of	O
diarrhoea	O
and	O
vomiting	O
in	O
a	O
pig	B-SPEC
herd	O
in	O
Central	O
Eastern	O
Europe	O
,	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
negative	O
for	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
using	O
a	O
commercial	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
assay	O
that	O
can	O
detect	O
both	O
of	O
these	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
gnotobiotic	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
culture	O
-	O
adapted	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
strain	O
OH	O
-	O
FD22	O
.	O

The	O
observed	O
vertical	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
rate	O
ranged	O
between	O
27	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
48	O
.	O
29	O
%.	O

The	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
(	O
CFR	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
only	O
center	O
that	O
reported	O
deaths	B-PROC
was	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
%.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
observed	O
vertical	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
rate	O
ranged	O
between	O
27	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
and	O
48	O
.	O
29	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Polymorphisms	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
of	O
Arkansas	O
-	O
type	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
show	O
differential	O
binding	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
tissues	B-ANAT
and	O
altered	O
antigenicity	O
.	O

Using	O
recombinant	O
ArkDPI	O
S1	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
conducted	O
binding	B-FUNC
assays	O
on	O
chicken	B-SPEC
tracheas	B-ANAT
and	O
embryonic	B-ANAT
chorioallantoic	B-ANAT
membrane	I-ANAT
(	O
CAM	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
complications	O
were	O
liver	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
,	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
,	O
ascites	O
,	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
,	O
myositis	B-DISO
,	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
disseminated	O
intravascular	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
common	O
causes	O
for	O
poor	O
outcome	O
were	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
fluid	O
refractory	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
case	O
report	O
describes	O
a	O
rare	O
central	O
venous	B-ANAT
catheter	O
tip	O
malposition	O
in	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
internal	I-ANAT
mammary	I-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
central	O
venous	B-ANAT
waveforms	O
detected	O
by	O
the	O
catheter	O
using	O
a	O
pressure	O
lot	O
transducer	O
were	O
later	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
absent	O
.	O

Further	O
imaging	O
studies	O
,	O
including	O
plain	O
radiography	O
,	O
computed	O
tomography	O
,	O
and	O
angiography	O
,	O
confirmed	O
central	O
venous	B-ANAT
catheter	O
malposition	O
in	O
the	O
internal	B-ANAT
mammary	I-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
.	O

All	O
chickens	B-SPEC
tested	O
for	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
and	O
Newcastle	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
using	O
real	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
were	O
negative	O
.	O

To	O
account	O
for	O
error	O
within	O
the	O
experiments	O
,	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
target	O
gene	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
are	O
normalized	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
suitable	O
reference	O
genes	O
.	O

Despite	O
publication	O
of	O
the	O
MIQE	O
(	O
Minimum	O
Information	O
for	O
Publication	O
of	O
Quantitative	O
Real	O
-	O
Time	O
PCR	O
Experiments	O
)	O
guidelines	O
in	O
2009	O
,	O
single	O
un	O
-	O
tested	O
reference	O
genes	O
are	O
often	O
used	O
for	O
normalization	O
of	O
qPCR	O
assays	O
in	O
avian	B-SPEC
research	O
studies	O
.	O

Our	O
medical	O
center	O
did	O
not	O
previously	O
have	O
a	O
ground	O
CCT	B-DISO
service	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
,	O
in	O
these	O
cases	O
,	O
a	O
physician	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
a	O
respiratory	O
therapist	O
was	O
sent	O
with	O
the	O
paramedic	O
team	O
.	O

In	O
all	O
4	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
ground	O
transport	B-PROC
team	O
enhanced	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
provided	O
to	O
these	O
patients	O
prior	O
to	O
arrival	O
at	O
the	O
tertiary	O
care	O
center	O
.	O

In	O
2	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
,	O
although	O
limited	O
by	O
the	O
profound	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
the	O
team	O
decreased	O
the	O
pressures	O
and	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
in	O
an	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
approach	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
ventilator	O
goals	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	O
causes	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

There	O
were	O
19	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
32	O
%)	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
,	O
19	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
32	O
%)	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
,	O
5	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
09	O
%)	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
3	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
%)	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
pain	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
58	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
with	O
severe	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
which	O
regressed	O
after	O
sublingual	B-ANAT
administration	O
of	O
nitroglycerine	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
year	O
and	O
a	O
half	O
later	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
reduced	O
strength	O
and	O
sensory	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
peptide	B-CHED
exhibited	O
a	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
serological	O
reactivity	O
(	O
64	O
%),	O
which	O
resulted	O
from	O
the	O
additive	O
responses	O
of	O
two	O
tandem	O
epitopes	O
(	O
S597	O
-	O
603	O
and	O
S604	O
-	O
625	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
human	O
B	O
-	O
cell	B-ANAT
memory	B-PROC
response	O
with	O
antisera	O
from	O
convalescent	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Canine	O
infectious	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
complex	O
(	O
CIRDC	O
)	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assays	O
were	O
then	O
validated	O
on	O
102	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
collected	O
from	O
51	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
by	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
determination	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
conventional	O
simplex	B-ANAT
PCR	O
and	O
a	O
rapid	O
three	O
-	O
antigen	B-CHED
test	O
kit	B-FUNC
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
the	O
three	O
-	O
antigen	B-CHED
test	O
kit	B-FUNC
,	O
the	O
multiplex	O
PCR	O
assays	O
yielded	O
100	O
%	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
more	O
than	O
83	O
%	O
specificity	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
CAdV	O
-	O
2	O
and	O
CDV	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
not	O
for	O
CIV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
literature	O
on	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
plasma	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
TBI	O
is	O
sparse	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
was	O
a	O
secondary	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
safety	O
of	O
a	O
randomized	O
trial	O
of	O
erythropoietin	B-PROC
and	O
transfusion	O
threshold	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
TBI	O
.	O

All	O
subjects	O
received	O
chimeric	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	O
modified	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
therapy	O
.	O

Fourteen	O
(	O
36	O
%)	O
developed	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
treated	O
with	O
vasoactive	O
infusions	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
5	O
days	O
after	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
External	O
validation	O
of	O
the	O
APPS	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
and	O
simple	O
outcome	O
prediction	O
score	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
thorough	O
temporal	O
external	O
validation	O
of	O
the	O
APPS	O
,	O
we	O
tested	O
the	O
spatial	O
external	O
validity	O
in	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
recruited	O
during	O
3	O
years	O
in	O
two	O
hospitals	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
few	O
bat	B-ENZY
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
have	O
been	O
developed	O
and	O
only	O
Tb1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Lu	I-PRGE
,	O
derived	O
from	O
Tadarida	B-SPEC
brasiliensis	I-SPEC
is	O
commercially	O
available	O
.	O

Subclones	O
of	O
this	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
expressed	B-PROC
both	O
epithelial	O
and	O
fibroblast	B-ANAT
markers	O
to	O
varying	O
extents	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Building	O
predictive	O
models	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
using	O
data	O
mining	O
techniques	O
.	O

The	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
fatal	O
complications	O
,	O
however	O
little	O
information	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
this	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Legionnaires	O
'	O
disease	O
is	O
a	O
bacterial	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
caused	O
by	O
a	O
gram	O
-	O
negative	O
germ	O
whose	O
clinical	O
manifestation	O
can	O
be	O
benign	O
limiting	O
to	O
flu	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
or	O
can	O
be	O
more	O
severe	O
being	O
characterized	O
by	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
which	O
may	O
be	O
complicated	O
by	O
multisystem	O
disease	O
that	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
PEI	O
financial	O
support	O
allows	O
to	O
maintain	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
14	O
(	O
DRC	O
)	O
and	O
12	O
(	O
RCI	O
)	O
staff	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
polio	B-DISO
laboratory	O
as	O
full	O
or	O
in	O
part	O
time	O
members	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
established	O
strong	O
Polio	B-DISO
Laboratory	O
network	O
that	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
strengthening	O
of	O
capacities	O
and	O
its	O
expansion	O
to	O
surveillance	O
of	O
other	O
viral	O
priority	O
diseases	O
such	O
as	O
measles	B-PATH
,	O
yellow	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
Influenza	B-DISO
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
Ebola	O
.	O

We	O
emphasize	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ZIKV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
maternal	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
,	O
maternal	O
and	O
fetal	B-ANAT
laboratory	O
confirmation	O
,	O
and	O
possible	O
autopsy	O
if	O
need	O
.	O

The	O
chance	O
of	O
catch	B-DISO
-	O
up	O
growth	B-PROC
may	O
decrease	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
pervious	O
""""	O
diagnosed	O
""""	O
microcephaly	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
neuro	O
-	O
psychiatric	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
in	O
NCGS	O
is	O
unclear	O
.	O

The	O
effect	O
of	O
diet	O
and	O
nutrition	B-PROC
on	O
autistic	B-DISO
spectrum	O
disorders	O
has	O
been	O
investigated	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
two	O
decades	O
,	O
particularly	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
symptoms	O
of	O
hyperactivity	O
and	O
attention	O
.	O

Abnormalities	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
microbiota	B-SPEC
interactions	O
or	O
of	O
gut	B-ANAT
-	O
microbiota	B-SPEC
composition	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
central	B-DISO
nervous	I-DISO
system	I-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
autism	B-DISO
,	O
anxiety	O
,	O
depression	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
integrity	O
of	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
microbiota	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
goal	O
to	O
treat	O
these	O
conditions	O
.	O

The	O
2	O
other	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
treated	O
with	O
THAM	B-CHED
but	O
without	O
hemofiltration	O
.	O

Control	O
-	O
group	O
had	O
an	O
uneven	O
evolution	B-PROC
until	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
experiment	O
.	O

To	O
describe	O
different	O
manifestations	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
TB	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
.	O

We	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
using	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
collected	O
by	O
sentinel	O
GPs	B-DISO
from	O
ILI	O
patients	O
in	O
2011	O
and	O
2012	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
categorized	O
as	O
receiving	O
dexmedetomidine	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
primary	O
sedative	B-CHED
,	O
secondary	O
sedative	B-CHED
,	O
periextubation	O
agent	O
,	O
or	O
never	O
prescribed	O
.	O

Of	O
1	O
,	O
224	O
usual	O
care	O
patients	O
,	O
596	O
(	O
49	O
%)	O
received	O
dexmedetomidine	B-CHED
.	O

Investigation	O
of	O
the	O
temporal	O
dynamics	O
of	O
B	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
in	O
draining	O
cervical	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
(	O
CLN	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
revealed	O
that	O
peak	O
CNS	B-CHED
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
early	O
activated	O
,	O
unswitched	O
IgD	B-PRGE

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
pathogen	O
spillover	O
from	O
Desmodus	B-SPEC
rotundus	I-SPEC
,	O
including	O
between	O
domestic	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
possible	O
and	O
warrants	O
further	O
investigation	O
to	O
characterize	O
this	O
microbial	O
diversity	O
and	O
expand	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
foraging	O
ecology	O
in	O
their	O
populations	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
receptors	O
for	O
the	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokine	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
(	O
TNFα	O
)	O
promote	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
presumably	O
through	O
excessive	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
results	O
presented	O
here	O
suggest	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
Kepi	O
in	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
inflammatory	O
activity	O
driving	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
through	O
TNFα	O
signaling	B-PROC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fatality	O
risks	O
for	O
nosocomial	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
and	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
pV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S1B	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
S1T	I-PRGE
and	O
control	O
plasmids	O
twice	O
to	O
elicit	O
strong	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
viral	O
neutralization	O
titers	O
and	O
results	O
of	O
CD8	B-PRGE

We	O
collected	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
prevalence	O
and	O
diversity	O
of	O
viral	O
and	O
parasitic	O
pathogens	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
lion	B-SPEC
population	O
in	O
eastern	O
Botswana	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
particularly	O
important	O
as	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
initiative	O
to	O
incorporate	O
this	O
population	O
into	O
a	O
larger	O
metapopulation	O
of	O
lions	B-SPEC
from	O
adjacent	O
South	O
Africa	O
and	O
Zimbabwe	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
different	O
vaccination	O
strategies	O
on	O
IBV	B-SPEC
QX	O
population	O
dynamics	O
and	O
clinical	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

Both	O
AST	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
ALT	B-FUNC
values	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
group	O
(	O
AST	B-ENZY
median	O
42	O
vs	O
36	O
,	O
P	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
,	O
and	O
ALT	B-FUNC
median	O
33	O
vs	O
28	O
,	O
P	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
evidence	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
induced	O
nonsuppurative	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
as	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
strong	O
tropism	B-PROC
for	O
CNS	B-CHED
,	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
inducing	O
nonsuppurative	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
as	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

At	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
onset	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
minimal	O
difference	O
in	O
mortality	O
between	O
mild	O
or	O
moderate	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
by	O
both	O
Berlin	O
(	O
32	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
vs	O
25	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
respectively	O
)	O
and	O
Pediatric	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
(	O
16	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
vs	O
18	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
respectively	O
)	O
criteria	O
,	O
but	O
higher	O
mortality	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
Berlin	O
,	O
43	O
.	O
6	O
%;	O
Pediatric	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
,	O
37	O
.	O
0	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Bat	B-SPEC
-	O
Derived	O
Putative	O
Cross	O
-	O
Family	B-SPEC
Recombinant	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
Reovirus	B-SPEC
Gene	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
2002	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
2012	O
has	O
generated	O
enormous	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
biodiversity	O
,	O
genomics	O
and	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
potential	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
especially	O
those	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
second	O
most	O
speciose	O
order	B-SPEC
of	O
mammals	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lavage	O
-	O
induced	O
Surfactant	B-CHED
Depletion	O
in	O
Pigs	B-SPEC
As	O
a	O
Model	O
of	O
the	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
a	O
reproducible	O
deterioration	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	I-PROC
and	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
can	O
be	O
induced	O
in	O
anesthetized	O
pigs	B-SPEC
using	O
repeated	O
lung	B-ANAT
lavages	O
with	O
warmed	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
saline	O
(	O
50	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
).	O

RNA	O
was	O
extracted	O
and	O
tested	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
norovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
astrovirus	O
,	O
torovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
viral	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
76	O
%	O
(	O
19	O
/	O
25	O
)	O
of	O
samples	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

About	O
37	O
%	O
(	O
7	O
/	O
19	O
)	O
of	O
positive	O
samples	O
had	O
two	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Compartment	B-ANAT
Syndrome	I-DISO
as	O
a	O
Result	O
of	O
Systemic	B-DISO
Capillary	I-DISO
Leak	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Ongoing	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
(	O
Norepinephrine	B-CHED
and	O
Milrinone	B-CHED
infusion	O
)	O
and	O
respiratory	O
(	O
ventilator	O
)	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
was	O
provided	O
until	O
resolution	O
of	O
intravascular	O
fluid	O
extravasation	B-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
present	O
with	O
significant	O
hypotension	O
,	O
hemoconcentration	O
,	O
hypovolemia	O
,	O
and	O
oliguria	B-DISO
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
results	O
from	O
leakage	B-DISO
of	O
fluid	O
and	O
proteins	B-CHED
into	O
tissue	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
Two	O
Monoclonal	O
Antibodies	B-COMP
That	O
Recognize	O
Linker	O
Region	O
and	O
Carboxyl	O
Terminal	O
Domain	O
of	O
Coronavirus	O
Nucleocapsid	B-COMP
Protein	B-CHED
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
in	O
confirmed	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
adult	O
HCWs	O
was	O
23	O
·	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
37	O
/	O
158	O
).	O

More	O
than	O
75	O
%	O
of	O
adults	O
with	O
a	O
viral	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
do	O
not	O
have	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
finding	O
for	O
clinical	O
triage	O
of	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
accepted	O
definition	O
of	O
'	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
'	O
includes	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
may	O
be	O
insensitive	O
for	O
surveillance	O
when	O
high	O
case	O
-	O
finding	O
is	O
required	O
.	O

The	O
morphogenesis	B-PROC
and	O
proliferative	B-DISO
rule	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
IECs	O
were	O
investigated	O
using	O
transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assays	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
fluorescence	O
quantitative	O
PCR	O
.	O

Observations	O
under	O
the	O
TEM	B-COMP
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
enveloped	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
were	O
roughly	O
spherical	O
,	O
with	O
diameters	O
of	O
between	O
80	O
and	O
120nm	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
also	O
showed	O
that	O
from	O
0	O
to	O
12h	O
after	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
IECs	O
,	O
the	O
intracellular	O
viral	O
RNA	O
content	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
significantly	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provided	O
a	O
theoretical	O
foundation	O
for	O
further	O
study	O
on	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
characteristics	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
in	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
regeneration	B-PROC
is	O
essential	O
for	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

To	O
determine	O
whether	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
influence	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
repair	B-PROC
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
unilateral	O
acid	O
injury	O
model	O
that	O
creates	O
a	O
severe	O
yet	O
survivable	O
injury	O
with	O
features	O
similar	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O

Bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BatCoV	O
)	O
HKU9	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
betaCoV	O
)	O
that	O
is	O
phylogenetically	O
affiliated	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
genus	B-SPEC
as	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
bat	B-ENZY
surveillance	O
data	O
indicated	O
that	O
BatCoV	O
HKU9	O
has	O
been	O
widely	O
spreading	O
and	O
circulating	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

Via	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
available	O
RBD	O
structures	O
,	O
we	O
further	O
proposed	O
a	O
homologous	O
intersubdomain	O
binding	B-FUNC
mode	O
in	O
betaCoV	O
RBDs	O
that	O
anchors	O
the	O
external	O
subdomain	O
to	O
the	O
core	O
subdomain	O
.	O

The	O
viruses	B-SPEC
most	O
strongly	O
associated	O
with	O
febrile	B-DISO
seizures	I-DISO
were	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
determined	O
tissue	B-ANAT
localization	B-PROC
,	O
shedding	O
patterns	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
carriage	O
,	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
aerosol	O
transmission	O
of	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
following	O
inoculation	O
of	O
4	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
feeder	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Thirty	O
-	O
three	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
to	O
1	O
of	O
3	O
groups	O
for	O
the	O
42	O
-	O
day	O
study	O
:	O
inoculated	O
(	O
group	O
A	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
23	O
),	O
contact	O
transmission	O
(	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
;	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
),	O
and	O
aerosol	O
transmission	O
(	O
group	O
C	O
;	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
).	O

Emesis	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
first	O
clinical	O
sign	O
noted	O
at	O
3	O
days	O
postinoculation	O
(	O
dpi	O
)	O
followed	O
by	O
mild	O
to	O
moderate	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
lasting	O
5	O
more	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
highlight	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
HLH	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Awareness	O
of	O
droplet	O
and	O
airborne	O
isolation	O
precautions	O
among	O
dental	O
health	O
professionals	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
corona	B-DISO
virus	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
in	O
Riyadh	O
city	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

A	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
survey	O
was	O
conducted	O
among	O
406	O
dental	O
health	O
professionals	O
(	O
DHPs	B-ENZY
)	O
working	O
in	O
selected	O
dental	O
facilities	O
in	O
Riyadh	O
city	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
MERS	O
(	O
April	O
-	O
June	O
2013	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Emulsified	O
PFC	O
Oxycyte	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Perfluorocarbons	O
(	O
PFCs	O
)	O
can	O
transport	B-PROC
50	O
times	O
more	O
oxygen	B-CHED
than	O
human	B-SPEC
plasma	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
,	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
,	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
acute	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Malaysian	O
children	O
,	O
2008	O
-	O
2013	O
.	O

Infants	O
less	O
than	O
6	O
months	O
old	O
with	O
RSV	B-PRGE
ALRI	I-PRGE
tend	O
to	O
be	O
afebrile	O
at	O
presentation	O
.	O

As	O
the	O
mechanistic	O
pathway	B-PROC
for	O
this	O
ability	O
is	O
not	O
fully	O
known	O
,	O
we	O
extended	O
previous	O
studies	O
on	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
tropism	B-PROC
in	O
cultured	O
human	B-SPEC
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
including	O
potentially	O
pandemic	O
H5N1	B-DISO
,	O
H7N9	O
,	O
and	O
H9N2	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
could	O
infect	O
human	B-SPEC
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
HULEC	O
)	O
with	O
high	O
efficiency	O
compared	O
to	O
human	B-PRGE
H1N1	I-PRGE
or	O
H3N2	B-CHED
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Epitope	B-PROC
spreading	I-PROC
,	O
molecular	B-PROC
mimicry	I-PROC
,	O
cryptic	O
antigen	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
bystander	O
activation	O
have	O
been	O
implicated	O
as	O
mechanisms	O
responsible	O
for	O
activating	O
self	O
-	O
reactive	O
(	O
SR	O
)	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
ultimately	O
leading	O
to	O
organ	B-ANAT
-	O
specific	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
cytokine	O
and	O
chemokine	O
levels	O
in	O
serial	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
measured	O
using	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
our	O
current	O
understanding	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
RNA	O
elements	O
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
elements	O
required	O
for	O
genome	O
replication	O
and	O
packaging	O
.	O

Recent	O
bioinformatic	O
,	O
biochemical	O
,	O
and	O
genetic	O
studies	O
suggest	O
a	O
previously	O
unknown	O
level	O
of	O
conservation	O
of	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
RNA	O
structures	O
among	O
different	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genera	O
and	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
even	O
beyond	O
genus	B-SPEC
boundaries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
Coronaviruses	O
:	O
Pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
Feline	B-DISO
Infectious	I-DISO
Peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
two	O
coronaviruses	O
are	O
thought	O
to	O
encode	O
an	O
unusually	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
factors	O
that	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
thrive	O
and	O
replicate	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
efficient	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
mechanisms	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
interferon	B-PRGE
system	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Spike	O
Protein	B-CHED
and	O
Tropism	B-PROC
Changes	O
.	O

The	O
seasonality	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
in	O
ILI	O
cases	O
was	O
November	O
-	O
February	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
in	O
SARI	O
cases	O
was	O
November	O
-	O
March	O
,	O
peaking	O
in	O
January	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
current	O
knowledge	O
and	O
future	O
considerations	O
.	O

Elevated	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
creative	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
aspartate	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
,	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
lymphocytopenia	B-DISO
predicted	O
a	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
study	O
aims	O
were	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
seroprevalence	O
at	O
herd	O
level	O
,	O
to	O
evaluate	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
and	O
BCoV	O
seropositivity	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
assess	O
how	O
these	O
factors	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
spatial	O
distribution	O
of	O
positive	O
herds	O
.	O

Purchase	O
of	O
livestock	O
was	O
an	O
additional	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
BCoV	O
seropositivity	O
,	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
model	O
as	O
in	O
-	O
degree	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
defined	O
as	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
incoming	O
movements	B-PROC
from	O
individual	O
herds	O
,	O
through	O
animal	B-SPEC
purchase	O
,	O
over	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
five	O
years	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spontaneous	B-DISO
Bacterial	I-DISO
Peritonitis	I-DISO
and	O
Anasarca	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
Female	O
Patient	O
with	O
Ovarian	B-ANAT
Hyperstimulation	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Complicated	O
by	O
Respiratory	O
and	O
Kidney	O
Failure	O
.	O

She	O
presented	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
with	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
and	O
chest	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
loose	B-DISO
stool	I-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
and	O
decreasing	O
urine	B-ANAT
output	O
.	O

Ascites	O
was	O
further	O
complicated	O
by	O
spontaneous	B-DISO
bacterial	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
SBP	O
),	O
which	O
had	O
already	O
been	O
reported	O
before	O
.	O

This	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patient	O
was	O
treated	O
in	O
a	O
special	O
care	O
unit	O
,	O
and	O
she	O
fully	O
recovered	O
with	O
supportive	O
measures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
First	O
epidemiological	O
study	O
of	O
sars	B-DISO
.	O

Among	O
the	O
COPD	O
exacerbations	O
,	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
detected	O
in	O
78	O
episodes	O
(	O
28	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
from	O
67	O
subjects	O
.	O

In	O
multivariate	O
regression	O
analysis	O
adjusting	O
for	O
sex	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
BMI	O
,	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
history	O
of	O
exacerbations	O
,	O
female	O
subjects	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
COPD	B-DISO
exacerbations	O
(	O
Odds	O
ratio	O
2	O
.	O
58	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
25	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
31	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
010	O
).	O

Without	O
a	O
travel	O
history	O
,	O
few	O
clinical	O
and	O
radiological	O
features	O
can	O
reliably	O
differentiate	O
MERS	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
rapidly	O
evolve	O
and	O
can	O
emerge	O
in	O
unpredictable	O
ways	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
are	O
known	O
foodborne	O
threats	O
include	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
E	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
tick	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
borne	I-SPEC
encephalitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
enteroviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
astroviruses	O
,	O
among	O
others	O
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
may	O
potentially	O
evolve	O
and	O
emerge	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
modern	O
agricultural	O
practices	O
which	O
can	O
concentrate	O
livestock	O
and	O
bring	O
them	O
into	O
contact	O
with	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
currently	O
devastating	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
pork	O
industry	O
by	O
causing	O
an	O
80	O
-	O
100	O
%	O
fatality	O
rate	O
in	O
infected	O
piglets	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
systematically	O
investigated	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
different	O
proteases	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
entry	O
using	O
pseudovirus	O
entry	O
,	O
biochemical	O
,	O
and	O
live	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
assays	O
.	O

Extracellular	B-PRGE
trypsin	B-ENZY
activates	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
entry	O
when	O
lysosomal	B-PRGE
cysteine	B-CHED
proteases	I-PRGE
are	O
inhibited	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
),	O
a	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
,	O
enters	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
via	O
two	O
distinct	O
pathways	B-PROC
:	O
one	O
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
proteases	O
,	O
particularly	O
transmembrane	B-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
serine	B-CHED
2	I-PRGE
(	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
by	O
endosomal	B-PRGE
cathepsin	I-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
.	O
Thus	O
,	O
specific	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
these	O
proteases	O
block	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
used	O
by	O
a	O
pseudotyped	O
virus	B-SPEC
bearing	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
presence	O
or	O
absence	O
of	O
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
.	O

Two	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
(	O
R642M	O
and	O
N714K	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
clinical	O
isolates	O
altered	O
their	O
sensitivity	O
to	O
a	O
cathepsin	O
L	O
inhibitor	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
these	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
were	O
responsible	O
for	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
use	I-PRGE
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
clinical	O
isolates	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
preferentially	O
utilize	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
protease	O
TMPRSS2	O
rather	O
than	O
endosomal	B-PRGE
cathepsin	I-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
.	O
The	O
endosome	B-COMP
is	O
a	O
main	O
site	O
of	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
recognition	O
,	O
which	O
then	O
triggers	O
an	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
;	O
therefore	O
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
presumably	O
evolved	O
to	O
bypass	O
the	O
endosome	B-COMP
by	O
entering	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
via	O
TMPRSS2	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
uses	O
a	O
simple	O
mechanism	O
to	O
evade	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
innate	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

Data	O
regarding	O
AP	O
etiology	O
,	O
severity	O
,	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
were	O
registered	O
.	O

The	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
are	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
a	O
systemic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
other	O
than	O
gastrointestinal	O
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
administration	O
,	O
and	O
feeding	O
related	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
nidoviruses	B-SPEC
in	O
live	O
pythons	B-SPEC
and	O
boas	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nidoviruses	B-SPEC
have	O
recently	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
putative	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
disease	O
in	O
pythons	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
USA	O
and	O
Europe	O
.	O

They	O
were	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
in	O
ball	B-SPEC
pythons	I-SPEC
(	O
Python	B-SPEC
[	O
P	O
.]	O
regius	O
)	O
and	O
Indian	O
rock	O
pythons	B-SPEC
(	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
molurus	I-SPEC
),	O
but	O
were	O
also	O
detected	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
other	O
python	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
Morelia	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Nidoviruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
27	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
pythons	B-SPEC
and	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
boas	B-SPEC
tested	O
.	O

Oral	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
most	O
commonly	O
tested	O
positive	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
reports	O
the	O
first	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
a	O
Brazil	O
type	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
27	O
,	O
615	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
[	O
nt	O
])	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
of	O
a	O
chicken	B-SPEC
.	O

Based	O
on	O
DNA	O
sequences	O
for	O
the	O
gene	O
encoding	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
quail	O
and	O
pheasant	O
are	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
793B	O
and	O
Massachusetts	O
types	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Authors	O
of	O
recent	O
meta	O
-	O
analyses	O
have	O
reported	O
that	O
prolonged	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
treatment	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
significant	O
improvements	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
multifactorial	O
etiology	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
double	O
-	O
blind	B-DISO
,	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
(	O
Siriraj	O
Hospital	O
,	O
Bangkok	O
),	O
randomized	O
,	O
placebo	O
-	O
controlled	O
trial	O
,	O
we	O
recruited	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
within	O
12	O
h	O
of	O
their	O
meeting	O
ARDS	B-DISO
criteria	O
.	O

Hyperglycemia	B-DISO
had	O
no	O
impact	O
on	O
outcome	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
is	O
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
responsible	O
for	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replicative	O
organelle	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Resistance	B-PROC
to	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
,	O
including	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
clinical	O
illness	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
B	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
MHC	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
and	O
differential	O
ex	O
vivo	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
responses	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RBD	O
in	O
its	O
trimeric	O
form	O
maintains	O
native	O
conformation	O
and	O
induces	O
protective	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
making	O
it	O
a	O
candidate	O
for	O
further	O
therapeutic	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Discovery	O
of	O
novel	O
piperidine	B-CHED
-	O
substituted	O
indolylarylsulfones	O
as	O
potent	O
HIV	B-DISO
NNRTIs	O
via	O
structure	O
-	O
guided	O
scaffold	O
morphing	O
and	O
fragment	O
rearrangement	O
.	O

For	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
blood	B-ANAT
culture	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
procalcitonin	O
,	O
serum	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
and	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
and	O
urinary	O
Streptococcus	B-PRGE
pneumoniae	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
were	O
also	O
assayed	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
,	O
samples	O
were	O
processed	O
in	O
395	O
episodes	O
(	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
:	O
377	O
;	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
:	O
18	O
).	O

In	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	B-PROC
,	I-PROC
viral	I-PROC
infections	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
12	O
(	O
66	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
episodes	O
,	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
17	O
(	O
94	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
episodes	O
and	O
mixed	O
bacterial	O
-	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
8	O
(	O
44	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
episodes	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
503	O
ARI	B-CHED
episodes	O
were	O
documented	O
in	O
310	O
infants	O
for	O
an	O
incidence	O
rate	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
episodes	O
per	O
infant	O
per	O
year	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
symptom	B-DISO
duration	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
types	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
improve	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
one	O
needs	O
to	O
identify	O
potentially	O
modifiable	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
.	O

Non	O
-	O
modifiable	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
worsened	O
outcome	O
from	O
ARDS	B-DISO
included	O
older	O
age	O
,	O
active	O
neoplasm	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
hematologic	I-DISO
neoplasm	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
the	O
divergent	O
sanitary	O
situations	O
and	O
exposures	O
to	O
animals	B-SPEC
among	O
populations	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
,	O
where	O
human	B-SPEC
primary	O
cases	O
appear	O
to	O
dominate	O
,	O
vs	O
.	O
other	O
regions	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
and	O
Africa	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
reported	O
human	B-SPEC
clinical	O
cases	O
and	O
where	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
detected	O
only	O
in	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
,	O
represents	O
huge	O
scientific	O
and	O
health	O
challenges	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
used	O
expert	O
-	O
opinion	O
elicitation	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
obtain	O
ideas	O
on	O
relative	O
importance	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
estimates	O
of	O
transmission	O
risks	O
from	O
various	O
types	O
of	O
contact	O
between	O
humans	O
and	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
.	O

Fourteen	O
experts	O
with	O
diverse	O
and	O
extensive	O
experience	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
relevant	O
fields	O
were	O
enrolled	O
and	O
completed	O
an	O
online	O
questionnaire	O
that	O
examined	O
pathways	B-PROC
based	O
on	O
several	O
scenarios	O
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
camels	B-SPEC
-	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
camels	B-SPEC
-	O
human	B-SPEC
,	O
bats	B-SPEC
/	O
other	O
species	B-SPEC
to	O
camels	B-SPEC
/	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
diverse	O
biological	O
substances	O
(	O
milk	O
,	O
urine	B-ANAT
,	O
etc	O
.)	O
and	O
potential	O
fomites	O
.	O

Common	O
radiological	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
abnormalities	O
included	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
(	O
14	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
14	O
%),	O
airspace	O
opacity	B-DISO
(	O
10	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
reticulonodular	O
opacities	B-DISO
(	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
peribronchial	O
thickening	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
(	O
2	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serosurvey	O
for	O
Selected	O
Viral	O
Pathogens	O
among	O
Sympatric	O
Species	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
African	O
Large	O
Predator	O
Guild	O
in	O
Northern	O
Botswana	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
effective	O
antiretroviral	O
therapies	O
,	O
drugs	O
for	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
treatment	O
with	O
new	O
mode	O
of	O
action	O
are	O
still	O
needed	O
.	O

An	O
innovative	O
approach	O
is	O
aimed	O
to	O
identify	O
dual	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
small	O
molecules	O
that	O
can	O
inhibit	O
two	O
viral	O
functions	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O

Rhubarb	B-SPEC
,	O
originated	O
from	O
Rheum	B-SPEC
palmatum	I-SPEC
L	O
.	O
and	O
Rheum	B-SPEC
officinale	I-SPEC
Baill	O
.,	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
and	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
medicinal	O
plants	B-SPEC
in	O
Traditional	O
Chinese	O
Medicine	B-CHED
(	O
TCM	O
)	O
practice	O
.	O

Active	O
compounds	O
were	O
then	O
assayed	O
for	O
their	O
effects	O
on	O
HIV	O
-	O
1	O
mutated	O
RTs	B-DISO
,	O
integrase	B-PRGE
(	O
IN	O
)	O
and	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Sennoside	O
A	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
scaffold	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
dual	O
RT	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
potential	O
role	O
of	O
Nur77	B-PRGE
and	O
its	O
underlying	O
mechanism	O
in	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
endothelin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
ET	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
expression	B-PROC
in	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)-	O
induced	O
A549	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
an	O
ARDS	B-DISO
rat	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

Pharmacological	O
activation	O
of	O
Nur77	O
by	O
cytosporone	O
B	O
(	O
CsnB	B-PRGE
)	O
inhibited	O
ET	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
rats	B-SPEC
,	O
decreased	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
and	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
,	O
and	O
relieved	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isatin	B-CHED
thiazoline	O
hybrids	O
as	O
dual	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
series	O
of	O
3	O
-	O
3	O
-{	O
2	O
-[	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
-	O
methyl	O
-	O
4	O
-	O
phenyl	B-CHED
-	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
dihydro	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
thiazol	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
ylidene	O
]	O
hydrazin	B-CHED
-	O
1	O
-	O
ylidene	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
dihydro	O
-	O
1H	O
-	O
indol	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
2	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
one	I-CHED
derivatives	O
has	O
been	O
designed	O
and	O
synthesized	O
to	O
study	O
their	O
activity	O
on	O
both	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
Human	B-PRGE
Immunodeficiency	I-PRGE
Virus	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
RT	O
(	O
Reverse	B-PRGE
Transcriptase	I-PRGE
)	O
associated	O
functions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hemolytic	B-DISO
uremic	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
HUS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
thrombotic	B-DISO
microangiopathy	I-DISO
defined	O
by	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
immune	O
microangiopathic	B-DISO
hemolytic	I-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
atypical	O
HUS	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
STEC	O
-	O
HUS	O
which	O
tends	O
to	O
occur	O
as	O
a	O
single	O
event	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
chronic	O
condition	B-DISO
and	O
involves	O
a	O
poorer	O
prognosis	O
.	O

This	O
drug	O
has	O
shown	O
an	O
improvement	O
in	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
cessation	O
of	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
,	O
improvement	O
of	O
renal	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
within	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
treatment	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
2010	O
,	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
variant	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
have	O
swept	O
across	O
the	O
world	O
causing	O
substantial	O
economic	O
losses	O
.	O

In	O
vivo	O
experiments	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
rescued	O
virus	B-SPEC
displayed	O
similar	O
pathogenicity	O
to	O
the	O
parental	O
isolate	O
,	O
causing	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
in	O
suckling	O
pigs	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provided	O
a	O
strong	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
live	O
attenuated	O
vaccines	O
and	O
for	O
research	O
into	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Amiodarone	B-CHED
is	O
often	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
tachyarrhythmias	O
.	O

Post	O
-	O
operatively	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
ICU	O
for	O
ventilator	O
management	O
and	O
continued	O
to	O
receive	O
his	O
home	O
dose	O
of	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
400	O
mg	O
orally	B-ANAT
twice	O
daily	O
,	O
which	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
taking	O
for	O
the	O
past	O
3	O
months	O
.	O

PI4KIIIα	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
four	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
phosphatidylinositol	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
kinases	I-PRGE
and	O
has	O
recently	O
drawn	O
significant	O
attention	O
as	O
an	O
emerging	O
target	O
for	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCV	B-SPEC
)	O
treatment	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
159	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
evaluated	O
,	O
but	O
just	O
70	O
patients	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

Eight	O
HCWs	O
had	O
MERS	O
requiring	O
ICU	O
admission	O
(	O
median	O
stay	O
=	O
28	O
days	O
):	O
Seven	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
four	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
prone	O
positioning	O
,	O
four	O
needed	O
continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
and	O
one	O
had	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Although	O
most	O
ICU	O
staff	O
expressed	B-PROC
concerns	O
about	O
acquiring	O
MERS	O
,	O
all	O
reported	O
to	O
work	O
normally	O
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
had	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
available	O
literature	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
vv	O
-	O
ECMO	O
in	O
posttraumatic	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
different	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
strategies	O
and	O
risk	O
of	O
bleeding	B-DISO
on	O
patients	O
with	O
multiple	O
injuries	O
.	O

Eleven	O
patients	O
developed	O
complications	O
during	O
treatment	O
with	O
ECMO	O
with	O
three	O
cases	O
of	O
major	O
bleeding	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
all	O
documented	O
cases	O
of	O
bleeding	B-DISO
a	O
bolus	O
and	O
infusion	O
of	O
heparin	B-CHED
was	O
administered	O
,	O
aiming	O
for	O
an	O
activated	O
clotting	B-PROC
time	O
(	O
ACT	O
)	O
target	O
longer	O
than	O
150	O
seconds	O
.	O

A	O
heparin	B-CHED
bolus	O
was	O
given	O
in	O
16	O
cases	O
.	O

All	O
had	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
ruled	O
out	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
or	O
clinical	O
assessment	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
,	O
62	O
(	O
27	O
%)	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
predictors	O
of	O
early	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
trauma	O
patients	O
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
p4a	O
is	O
a	O
dsRNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Mutation	O
of	O
the	O
dsRNA	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
motif	O
in	O
p4a	O
disrupted	O
its	O
PKR	B-PRGE
antagonistic	O
activity	O
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
also	O
suppressed	O
the	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
-	O
independent	O
stress	B-PATH
response	I-PATH
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Disinfection	O
of	O
aircraft	O
:	O
Appropriate	O
disinfectants	B-CHED
and	O
standard	O
operating	O
procedures	O
for	O
highly	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
For	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
agents	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
Ebola	O
/	O
Lassa	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-/	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
)	O
which	O
have	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
spread	O
over	O
several	O
continents	O
within	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
,	O
international	O
Health	O
Protection	O
Authorities	O
have	O
taken	O
appropriate	O
measures	O
to	O
limit	O
the	O
consequences	O
of	O
a	O
possible	O
spread	O
.	O

Camel	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
can	O
be	O
developed	O
in	O
a	O
faster	O
time	O
with	O
fewer	O
regulations	O
and	O
lower	O
costs	O
and	O
could	O
clear	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
if	O
accompanied	O
by	O
efficient	O
public	O
health	O
measures	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
prospective	O
study	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
at	O
31	O
hospitals	O
and	O
clinics	O
in	O
Korea	O
from	O
July	O
2011	O
to	O
June	O
2012	O
.	O

Sputum	B-ANAT
specimens	O
were	O
collected	O
for	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
culture	O
of	O
microorganisms	O
.	O

Bacteria	B-SPEC
-	O
only	O
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
only	O
,	O
and	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
plus	O
virus	B-SPEC
)	O
accounted	O
for	O
36	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
98	O
/	O
291	O
),	O
17	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
50	O
/	O
291	O
),	O
and	O
18	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
(	O
55	O
/	O
291	O
)	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
the	O
811	O
enrolled	O
patients	O
,	O
291	O
had	O
acceptable	O
sputum	B-ANAT
specimens	O
that	O
were	O
included	O
for	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
etiologic	O
distribution	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infects	O
humans	B-SPEC
from	O
zoonotic	O
sources	O
and	O
causes	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Fusion	O
occurs	O
only	O
after	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
cleaved	B-ANAT
sequentially	O
,	O
first	O
during	O
their	O
secretion	B-PROC
through	O
the	O
exocytic	O
organelles	B-COMP
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
producing	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
second	O
after	O
virus	B-SPEC
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
target	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
receptors	O
.	O

Without	O
the	O
first	O
cleavages	O
,	O
S	O
proteins	O
resisted	O
cell	B-COMP
receptor	O
-	O
induced	O
conformational	O
changes	O
,	O
which	O
restricted	O
the	O
second	O
,	O
fusion	O
-	O
activating	O
cleavages	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Compounds	O
Against	O
Nucleocapsid	B-COMP
Protein	B-CHED
of	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	I-SPEC
Diarrhea	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
research	O
was	O
to	O
screen	O
and	O
characterize	O
the	O
compounds	O
that	O
could	O
inhibit	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
gene	O
encoding	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
obtained	O
from	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
Thai	O
isolate	O
was	O
cloned	O
and	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

Compound	O
14	O
also	O
showed	O
reasonable	O
PK	O
exposures	O
in	O
preclinical	O
species	B-SPEC
(	O
rat	B-SPEC
and	O
dog	B-SPEC
).	O

Two	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
chickens	B-SPEC
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
Sudan	O
.	O

Whole	O
genome	O
analysis	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
/	O
Ck	O
/	O
Sudan	O
/	O
AR251	O
-	O
15	O
/	O
2014	O
isolate	O
by	O
next	O
generation	O
sequencing	O
revealed	O
a	O
genome	O
size	O
of	O
27	O
,	O
646	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
harbouring	O
13	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
:	O
5	O
'-	O
1a	O
-	O
1b	O
-	O
S	O
-	O
3a	O
-	O
3b	O
-	O
E	O
-	O
M	O
-	O
4b	O
-	O
4c	O
-	O
5a	O
-	O
5b	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
6b	O
-	O
3	O
'.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Endoribonuclease	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
NendoU	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
is	O
unique	O
and	O
conserved	O
as	O
a	O
major	O
genetic	B-PROC
marker	I-PROC
in	O
nidoviruses	B-SPEC
that	O
infect	O
vertebrate	B-SPEC
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

Several	O
strategies	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
grooves	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
NHR	O
trimer	O
have	O
been	O
adopted	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
the	O
CHR	B-DISO
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
novel	O
and	O
simple	O
strategy	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
existing	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
HIV	B-CHED
fusion	I-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
.	O

This	O
new	O
approach	O
of	O
identifying	O
a	O
potential	O
binding	B-FUNC
pocket	O
outside	O
the	O
traditional	O
target	O
and	O
creating	O
an	O
artificial	O
tail	O
anchor	O
can	O
be	O
widely	O
applied	O
to	O
design	O
novel	O
fusion	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
against	O
other	O
class	B-SPEC
I	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

The	O
OC43	O
strain	O
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
)	O
was	O
reported	O
to	O
induce	O
neuronal	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
death	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
may	O
participate	O
in	O
neuropathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
RBD	O
mutants	O
with	O
diminished	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
also	O
led	O
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
attenuation	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
immunoevasion	O
after	O
RBD	O
immunization	O
is	O
accompanied	O
by	O
loss	O
of	O
viral	O
fitness	O
.	O

These	O
RBD	O
-	O
based	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
maintained	O
good	O
functionality	O
,	O
antigenicity	O
,	O
and	O
immunogenicity	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
induced	O
strong	O
cross	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
divergent	O
pseudotyped	O
and	O
live	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
strains	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
antibody	B-COMP
escape	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
mutants	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Novel	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Circovirus	I-SPEC
Distantly	O
Related	O
to	O
Known	O
Circoviruses	O
Is	O
Associated	O
with	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Dermatitis	B-DISO
and	O
Nephropathy	B-DISO
Syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
Reproductive	B-PROC
Failure	O
.	O

Despite	O
being	O
effectively	O
controlled	O
by	O
commercial	O
vaccines	O
,	O
PCV2	O
remains	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
economically	O
significant	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
apparent	O
prevalence	O
of	O
Babesia	B-SPEC
sp	O
.	O
and	O
Borrelia	B-DISO
sp	O
.	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
smears	O
was	O
consistent	O
with	O
previous	O
studies	O
.	O

Babesia	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
individuals	O
had	O
a	O
regenerative	O
response	O
of	O
the	O
erythrocytic	B-ANAT
lineage	O
,	O
an	O
active	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
and	O
hepatic	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
impairment	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
remodeling	O
associated	O
with	O
recovery	O
from	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
disease	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
causes	O
and	O
is	O
defined	O
by	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
regions	O
of	O
intrinsic	O
disorder	O
are	O
rarely	O
conserved	O
among	O
different	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
protein	B-CHED
families	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
primary	O
exception	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
identified	O
sequence	O
motif	O
is	O
found	O
within	O
the	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
NSP	O
)	O
12	O
and	O
constitutes	O
an	O
antiviral	B-CHED
target	O
potentially	O
effective	O
against	O
the	O
present	O
day	O
and	O
future	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Fibroblastic	O
reticular	O
cells	O
(	O
FRCs	B-PROC
)	O
of	O
secondary	B-ANAT
lymphoid	I-ANAT
organs	I-ANAT
form	O
distinct	O
niches	O
for	O
interaction	O
with	O
hematopoietic	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
FRC	B-PROC
-	O
specific	O
ablation	O
of	O
the	O
innate	O
immunological	O
sensing	O
adaptor	O
MyD88	B-PRGE
unleashed	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
15	I-PRGE
production	O
by	O
FRCs	B-PROC
during	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
an	O
enteropathogenic	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
led	O
to	O
hyperactivation	O
of	O
group	O
1	O
ILCs	O
and	O
substantially	O
altered	O
the	O
differentiation	B-PROC
of	O
helper	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Accelerated	O
clearance	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
group	O
1	O
ILCs	O
precipitated	O
severe	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
commensal	O
dysbiosis	O
,	O
loss	O
of	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
barrier	O
function	O
and	O
diminished	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
colonization	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
retrospective	O
and	O
observational	O
study	O
,	O
48	O
children	O
with	O
severe	O
PARDS	O
between	O
January	O
2009	O
and	O
July	O
2015	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
:	O
26	O
in	O
HFOV	O
group	O
and	O
22	O
in	O
CMV	B-SPEC
group	O
.	O

The	O
arterial	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
HFOV	O
as	O
an	O
efficient	O
alternative	O
therapy	O
could	O
significantly	O
improve	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
promote	O
CO	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
HFOV	O
as	O
an	O
efficient	O
alternative	O
therapy	O
could	O
significantly	O
improve	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
promote	O
CO	O

RNA	O
fragments	O
indicating	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
vesivirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
morbillivirus	B-SPEC
were	O
not	O
detected	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
log	O
reductions	O
in	O
the	O
viral	O
titers	O
were	O
≥	O
4	O
.	O
07	O
and	O
≥	O
4	O
.	O
42	O
for	O
the	O
pooled	O
and	O
individual	O
donor	B-CHED
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Sepsis	B-DISO
was	O
induced	O
by	O
a	O
caecal	O
ligation	O
and	O
puncture	O
model	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
characterized	O
an	O
intriguing	O
phenomenon	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
nucleocapsids	O
of	O
some	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
are	O
proteolytically	O
processed	O
by	O
the	O
virally	O
encoded	O
main	O
protease	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
vaccinated	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
fully	O
protected	O
from	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
challenge	O
,	O
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
the	O
significantly	O
lower	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
titers	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
mRNA	B-CHED
levels	O
in	O
challenged	O
mice	B-SPEC
than	O
those	O
in	O
unvaccinated	O
controls	O
.	O

Rabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
based	O
vectors	O
have	O
been	O
proven	O
to	O
be	O
efficient	O
dual	O
vaccines	O
against	O
rabies	B-DISO
and	O
emergent	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Glucocorticoid	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
leucine	B-CHED
zipper	O
(	O
GILZ	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
potent	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
protein	B-CHED
involved	O
in	O
neutrophil	B-PROC
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
the	O
resolution	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Long	O
oligonucleotides	O
that	O
showed	O
an	O
evident	O
directional	O
change	O
observed	O
in	O
common	O
for	O
the	O
three	O
subtypes	O
corresponded	O
to	O
some	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
siRNAs	O
,	O
whose	O
activities	O
have	O
been	O
experimentally	O
proven	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Comparative	O
Study	O
of	O
Clinical	O
Presentation	O
and	O
Risk	O
Factors	O
for	O
Adverse	O
Outcome	O
in	O
Patients	O
Hospitalised	O
with	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
Due	O
to	O
MERS	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
or	O
Other	O
Causes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
first	O
emerged	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
2012	O
and	O
remains	O
a	O
global	O
health	O
concern	O
.	O

Variables	O
associated	O
with	O
adverse	O
outcome	O
were	O
older	O
age	O
and	O
diabetes	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
co	O
-	O
morbid	O
illness	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Health	O
care	O
-	O
acquired	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
common	O
and	O
cause	O
increased	O
patient	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
are	O
frequently	O
transmitted	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
setting	O
.	O

Acidified	O
milk	O
replacer	O
was	O
prepared	O
to	O
a	O
target	O
pH	O
between	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
using	O
formic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
.	O

Calves	O
were	O
weaned	B-PROC
off	O
milk	O
replacer	O
at	O
approximately	O
6wk	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

Fecal	O
consistency	O
scores	O
were	O
assigned	O
each	O
week	O
from	O
birth	B-PROC
until	O
weaning	B-PROC
.	O

Two	O
independent	O
reviewers	O
assessed	O
each	O
paper	O
for	O
methodological	O
validity	O
prior	O
to	O
inclusion	O
in	O
the	O
review	O
using	O
standardised	O
critical	O
appraisal	O
instruments	O
from	O
the	O
Joanna	B-SPEC
Briggs	O
Institute	O
.	O

Findings	O
indicated	O
that	O
although	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
perceived	O
personal	O
and	O
familial	O
health	O
risks	O
and	O
stigmatization	O
from	O
their	O
exposure	O
to	O
emerging	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
majority	O
were	O
accepting	O
of	O
these	O
risks	O
.	O

We	O
did	O
not	O
consider	O
observational	O
studies	O
that	O
focused	O
only	O
on	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
visitors	O
during	O
specific	O
procedures	O
,	O
resuscitation	O
,	O
or	O
childbirth	B-PROC
.	O

Information	O
was	O
extracted	O
from	O
each	O
paper	O
independently	O
by	O
two	O
reviewers	O
using	O
the	O
standardized	O
data	O
extraction	O
tool	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Joanna	B-SPEC
Briggs	O
Institute	O
.	O

The	O
MPLEx	O
method	O
is	O
a	O
simple	O
,	O
fast	B-FUNC
,	O
and	O
robust	O
protocol	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
for	O
integrative	O
multi	O
-	O
omic	O
measurements	O
from	O
diverse	O
sample	O
types	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
environmental	O
,	O

The	O
study	O
enrolled	O
40	O
patients	O
,	O
20	O
of	O
whom	O
had	O
H1N1	O
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
longitudinal	O
profile	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
showed	O
that	O
seroconversion	O
detected	O
by	O
ELISAs	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
recombinant	O
extracellular	B-COMP
domain	O
,	O
S	B-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
antigens	B-CHED
occurred	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
by	O
the	O
ppNT	O
and	O
earlier	O
than	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
detected	O
by	O
the	O
inactivated	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
NTD	O
)	O
ELISAs	O
.	O

We	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
delivery	O
of	O
exogenous	O
materials	O
,	O
including	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
),	O
Poly	O
IC	O
and	O
silica	B-CHED
nanoparticles	B-CHED
,	O
by	O
microinjection	O
triggered	O
significant	O
time	O
-	O
and	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
neutrophil	O
recruitment	B-DISO
into	O
the	O
swim	O
bladder	B-ANAT
.	O

Neutrophils	B-ANAT
infiltrated	B-DISO
the	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
injected	O
swim	O
bladder	B-ANAT
through	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
capillaries	I-ANAT
around	O
the	O
pneumatic	O
duct	B-ANAT
or	O
a	O
site	O
near	O
the	O
pronephric	B-ANAT
duct	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
included	O
234	O
patients	O
:	O
146	O
(	O
62	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
and	O
88	O
(	O
37	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
A	O
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
).	O

Blood	B-ANAT
and	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
alveolar	I-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
from	O
humans	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
-	O
13	O
)	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
controls	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
-	O
10	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
-	O
6	O
)	O
with	O
controls	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
-	O
7	O
)	O
were	O
studied	O
.	O

Similar	O
results	O
are	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
(	O
9396	O
.	O
1	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
(	O
SD	O
1546	O
.	O
0	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
3464	O
.	O
5	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
(	O
SD	O
2511	O
.	O
8	O
),	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
(	O
2891	O
.	O
7	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
(	O
SD	O
868	O
.	O
1	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
1385	O
.	O
9	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
(	O
SD	O
927	O
.	O
8	O
),	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
012	O
)	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
from	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
dampens	O
the	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
production	O
compared	O
to	O
cells	B-ANAT
cultured	I-ANAT
with	O
BAL	B-ENZY
lacking	O
sPD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
(	O
SD	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
52	O
.	O
38	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
(	O
SD	O
25	O
.	O
1	O
),	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
).	O

Front	O
-	O
loading	O
gilts	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
herd	O
closure	O
is	O
more	O
cost	O
-	O
effective	O
than	O
back	B-ANAT
-	O
loading	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
extra	O
spending	O
on	O
intensive	O
biosecurity	O
protocols	O
,	O
the	O
overall	O
loss	O
reductions	O
achieved	O
by	O
the	O
intensive	O
biosecurity	O
effort	B-PROC
can	O
be	O
significant	O
.	O

For	O
instance	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
that	O
all	O
four	O
residues	O
(	O
38	O
,	O
43	O
,	O
63	O
,	O
and	O
68	O
)	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
critical	O
for	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
host	B-COMP
tissues	B-ANAT
,	O
were	O
found	O
at	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
predicted	O
structure	O
of	O
Massachusetts	O
(	O
Mass	O
)	O
S1	O
spike	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
advances	O
in	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
rates	O
ranging	O
from	O
26	O
%	O
to	O
58	O
%.	O

This	O
review	O
defines	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
;	O
describes	O
the	O
ECMO	O
circuit	O
;	O
and	O
discusses	O
recent	O
research	O
,	O
optimal	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
ECMO	O
circuit	O
,	O
limitations	O
of	O
therapy	O
including	O
potential	O
complications	O
,	O
economic	O
impact	O
,	O
and	O
logistical	O
factors	O
;	O
and	O
discusses	O
future	O
research	O
considerations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Dermatomyositis	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MDA5	I-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
and	O
pneumocystis	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
:	O
Two	O
lethal	O
cases	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alisporivir	O
inhibits	O
MERS	O
-	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Currently	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
registered	O
treatment	O
for	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
emerging	O
zoonotic	O
coronaviruses	O
like	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Ribavirin	B-CHED
was	O
found	O
to	O
further	O
potentiate	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effect	O
of	O
alisporivir	O
in	O
these	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
-	O
based	O
infection	B-DISO
models	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
combination	O
treatment	O
was	O
unable	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
discontinuation	O
of	O
eptifibatide	B-CHED
and	O
transfusion	O
of	O
apheresis	O
platelets	B-DISO
increased	I-DISO
the	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
(	O
137	O
K	O
/	O
uL	O
)	O
the	O
following	O
day	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
subsequently	O
underwent	O
successful	O
coronary	B-ANAT
artery	I-ANAT
surgery	O
using	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
bypass	O
.	O

The	O
link	O
between	O
steroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
and	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
remains	O
unknown	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
aimed	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
dose	O
-	O
response	O
association	O
between	O
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
and	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
incidence	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Celastrol	B-CHED
inhibits	O
dengue	B-SPEC
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
via	O
up	O
-	O
regulating	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
and	O
downstream	O
interferon	O
-	O
stimulated	O
responses	O
.	O

Celastrol	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
quinone	B-CHED
methide	O
triterpene	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
most	O
abundant	O
bioactive	O
constituent	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
root	B-ANAT
extracts	O
of	O
T	O
.	O
wilfordii	O
.	O

The	O
precise	O
anti	O
-	O
DENV	O
replication	O
mechanism	O
of	O
celastrol	B-CHED
was	O
clarified	O
using	O
specific	O
RNA	B-PROC
silencing	I-PROC
and	O
specific	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
.	O

Demographic	O
,	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
,	O
physiologic	O
,	O
and	O
ventilator	O
data	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
paired	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
ICP	B-DISO
observations	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

Demographic	O
,	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
,	O
physiologic	O
,	O
and	O
ventilator	O
data	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
paired	O
PEEP	B-CHED
and	O
ICP	B-DISO
observations	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
concerns	O
that	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
may	O
potentially	O
elevate	O
intracranial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
ICP	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigate	O
the	O
different	O
effects	O
of	O
PEEP	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
pleural	O
pressure	O
and	O
ICP	B-DISO
in	O
different	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
.	O

Patients	O
will	O
be	O
sedated	O
and	O
paralysed	O
;	O
airway	O
pressure	O
and	O
oesophageal	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
will	O
be	O
measured	O
during	O
end	O
-	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
occlusion	B-DISO
and	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
occlusion	B-DISO
.	O

Elastance	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
will	O
be	O
calculated	O
at	O
PEEP	B-CHED
levels	O
of	O
5	O
,	O
10	O
and	O
15	O
cm	O
H	O
The	O
study	O
protocol	O
and	O
consent	O
forms	O
were	O
approved	O
by	O
the	O
Institutional	O
Review	O
Board	O
of	O
Fujian	O
Provincial	O
Hospital	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
47	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
a	O
few	O
hours	O
after	O
presenting	O
to	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
with	O
acute	O
diplopia	B-DISO
and	O
dysphonia	O
.	O

Statistically	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
the	O
total	O
detection	O
of	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
)	O
and	O
coinfection	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
004	O
)	O
were	O
observed	O
between	O
the	O
patient	O
and	O
control	O
groups	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
40	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
biventricular	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
underwent	O
Berlin	O
Heart	B-ANAT
Excor	O
implantation	B-PROC
with	O
(	O
CS	O
status	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
20	O
,	O
50	O
%)	O
or	O
without	O
(	O
control	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
20	O
,	O
50	O
%)	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
preoperative	O
ECLS	O
as	O
a	O
bridge	O
to	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
device	O
from	O
March	O
2007	O
to	O
May	O
2015	O
at	O
our	O
institution	O
.	O

Demographics	O
and	O
preoperative	O
baseline	O
characteristics	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
early	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
outcomes	O
including	O
mortality	O
and	O
complication	B-DISO
rates	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
compared	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
.	O

ECLS	O
in	O
critical	O
CS	O
as	O
a	O
bridge	O
to	O
implantation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
Berlin	O
Heart	B-ANAT
Excor	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
assist	O
device	O
is	O
safe	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
improvement	O
in	O
end	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
function	O
leading	O
to	O
similar	O
excellent	O
early	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
survival	O
and	O
incidences	O
of	O
major	O
complications	O
as	O
in	O
patients	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
preoperative	O
ECLS	O
support	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
comprehensive	O
microbiological	O
safety	O
approach	O
for	O
agarose	B-CHED
encapsulated	O
porcine	B-SPEC
islets	O
intended	O
for	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

Porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
herd	O
,	O
as	O
expected	O
for	O
domestic	O
swine	B-SPEC
.	O

Isolated	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
from	O
all	O
time	O
points	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
PCV	B-CHED
(	O
Type	O
2	O
),	O
PLHV	O
,	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
,	O
PCMV	O
,	O
and	O
PERV	O
-	O
A	O
,	O
PERV	O
-	O
B	O
,	O
and	O
PERV	O
-	O
C	O
by	O
PCR	O
analysis	O
in	O
all	O
six	O
recipient	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Isolated	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
from	O
all	O
time	O
points	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
PCV	B-CHED
(	O
Type	O
2	O
),	O
PLHV	O
,	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
,	O
PCMV	O
,	O
and	O
PERV	O
-	O
A	O
,	O
PERV	O
-	O
B	O
,	O
and	O
PERV	O
-	O
C	O
by	O
PCR	O
analysis	O
in	O
all	O
six	O
recipient	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
problem	O
of	O
finding	O
a	O
potent	O
drug	O
against	O
HCoV	O
strains	O
lies	O
in	O
the	O
inability	O
of	O
finding	O
a	O
drug	O
that	O
stops	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
through	O
inhibiting	O
its	O
important	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
scientists	O
reverted	O
towards	O
the	O
investigation	O
of	O
different	O
drugs	O
that	O
can	O
more	O
specifically	O
target	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
four	O
anti	O
-	O
HCV	B-SPEC
drugs	O
(	O
one	O
approved	O
by	O
FDA	O
and	O
others	O
under	O
clinical	O
trials	O
)	O
are	O
tested	O
against	O
HCoV	O
polymerases	O
.	O

MK	O
-	O
0608	O
showed	O
a	O
performance	O
that	O
is	O
comparable	O
to	O
Ribavirin	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Biosynthesis	O
of	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
inside	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
has	O
enhanced	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
immunoassays	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
nanoparticles	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
simple	O
way	O
to	O
conjugate	O
antigens	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
nanobioparticles	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
utilizing	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
wall	I-COMP
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
CBD	O
)	O
from	O
a	O
bacteriophage	B-SPEC
lysin	B-PRGE
PlyV12	I-PRGE
.	O

As	O
far	O
as	O
we	O
know	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
to	O
realize	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
viral	O
antibodies	O
based	O
on	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
nanoparticles	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
results	O
do	O
not	O
differ	O
much	O
in	O
immunocompetent	O
patients	O
supported	O
by	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

First	O
,	O
the	O
time	O
interval	O
between	O
mechanical	O
ventilator	O
support	O
and	O
ECMO	O
implantation	B-PROC
was	O
shorter	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
circulation	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
people	O
living	O
in	O
the	O
metropolitan	O
area	O
of	O
Belo	O
Horizonte	O
,	O
Brazil	O
,	O
and	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
Belo	O
Horizonte	O
from	O
2011	O
to	O
2013	O
.	O

this	O
is	O
a	O
descriptive	O
study	O
of	O
5	O
,	O
158	O
patients	O
with	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
;	O
a	O
comparison	O
was	O
made	O
between	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
and	O
those	O
of	O
discarded	O
cases	O
or	O
cases	O
without	O
swab	O
samples	O
.	O

monitoring	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
contributes	O
to	O
knowledge	O
about	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
circulation	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
specific	O
control	O
measures	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
monitoring	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
contributes	O
to	O
knowledge	O
about	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
circulation	B-PROC
and	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
specific	O
control	O
measures	O
.	O

Levels	O
of	O
serum	B-PRGE
amylase	I-PRGE
and	O
lipase	B-PRGE
were	O
elevated	O
to	O
663	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
and	O
3	O
,	O
232	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
.	O
Contrast	O
-	O
enhanced	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
CT	O
showed	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
swelling	B-DISO
,	O
peri	O
-	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
fat	O
infiltration	B-DISO
and	O
fluid	O
collection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Increased	O
frequency	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
and	O
lesions	O
in	O
suckling	O
pigs	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
nursery	O
pigs	O
and	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
in	O
nursery	O
pigs	B-SPEC
after	O
homologous	O
re	O
-	O
challenge	O
.	O

Pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
into	O
group	O
1	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
40	O
,	O
no	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
exposure	O
),	O
group	O
2	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
43	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
inoculation	O
at	O
10	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
)	O
and	O
group	O
3	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
48	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
inoculation	O
at	O
8	O
weeks	O
of	O
age	O
).	O

In	O
homologous	O
challenged	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
no	O
clinical	O
signs	O
or	O
lesions	O
were	O
found	O
,	O
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
fecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
was	O
restricted	O
to	O
less	O
than	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
pigs	B-SPEC
indicating	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
homologous	O
protection	O
44	O
days	O
after	O
initial	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
exposure	O
.	O

Coinfection	B-DISO
was	O
detected	O
in	O
43	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
HCoV	O
.	O
Interestingly	O
,	O
one	O
patient	O
had	O
both	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
RSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
disease	O
course	O
HCoV	O
was	O
short	O
.	O

These	O
epitopes	O
should	O
be	O
eliminated	O
in	O
vaccine	O
design	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
reliable	O
method	O
for	O
evaluating	O
an	O
epitope	B-CHED
'	O
s	O
capacity	O
to	O
elicit	O
neutralizing	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

His	O
symptoms	O
at	O
presentation	O
included	O
epigastric	B-ANAT
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
haematemesis	B-DISO
and	O
generalised	O
weakness	B-DISO
.	O

He	O
died	B-PROC
within	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
presentation	O
from	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	B-PROC
.	O

Indeed	O
,	O
OSAS	B-DISO
prevalence	O
increases	O
in	O
post	O
-	O
menopausal	B-PROC
women	O
.	O

In	O
rodents	B-SPEC
,	O
exposure	O
to	O
CIH	O
-	O
related	O
redox	B-PROC
stress	O
causes	O
upper	O
airway	O
muscle	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
and	O
fatigue	B-DISO
,	O
associated	O
with	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
dysfunction	O
.	O

Archived	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
negative	O
respiratory	O
swabs	O
were	O
retested	O
using	O
multiplex	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
to	O
detect	O
16	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
targets	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	O
coronaviruses	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	O
-	O
HKU1	O
are	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
17	I-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
in	O
both	O
induced	B-ANAT
sputum	I-ANAT
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
are	O
increased	O
in	O
stable	O
but	O
not	O
acute	B-DISO
asthma	I-DISO
individuals	O
with	O
obesity	B-DISO
.	O

IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
neutrophilic	B-PROC
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
steroid	B-CHED
resistance	B-PROC
and	O
severe	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
but	O
its	O
importance	O
in	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
asthma	B-PATH
and	O
obesity	B-DISO
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

Significant	O
increase	O
in	O
plasma	B-PRGE
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
levels	O
was	O
also	O
noted	O
and	O
associated	O
with	O
elevated	O
depressive	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
in	O
obesity	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
acute	B-DISO
asthma	I-DISO
,	O
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
expression	B-PROC
,	O
like	O
most	O
other	O
clinical	O
measures	O
,	O
was	O
similar	O
among	O
lean	O
,	O
overweight	B-DISO
and	O
obese	B-DISO
groups	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
acute	O
versus	O
stable	O
asthma	B-PATH
subjects	O
,	O
with	O
sputum	B-PRGE
IL	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
17	I-PROC
correlating	O
positively	O
with	O
sputum	B-ANAT
neutrophils	B-ANAT
and	O
negatively	O
with	O
FEV	B-SPEC

ESR	O
showed	O
that	O
both	O
FPs	O
increase	O
lipid	B-CHED
packing	O
and	O
head	B-ANAT
group	O
ordering	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
reduce	O
the	O
intramembrane	O
water	B-CHED
content	O
for	O
anionic	O
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
bending	B-DISO
moment	O
in	O
the	O
bilayer	O
could	O
be	O
generated	O
,	O
promoting	O
negative	O
curvature	O
.	O

The	O
significance	O
of	O
the	O
ordering	O
effect	O
,	O
membrane	B-COMP
dehydration	B-DISO
,	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
curvature	O
properties	O
and	O
the	O
possible	O
role	O
of	O
negatively	O
charged	O
phospholipids	B-CHED
in	O
helping	O
to	O
overcome	O
the	O
high	O
kinetic	O
barrier	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
different	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
mediated	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
emerged	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
causing	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
symptoms	O
and	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
a	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
∼	O
36	O
%.	O

Serial	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
passage	O
in	O
these	O
engineered	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
then	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
-	O
adapted	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
replicated	O
efficiently	O
within	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
evoked	O
symptoms	O
indicative	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
decreased	O
survival	O
,	O
extreme	O
weight	O
loss	O
,	O
decreased	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
haemorrhage	I-DISO
and	O
pathological	O
signs	O
indicative	O
of	O
end	O
-	O
stage	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
couples	O
a	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
isothermal	O
RNA	O
amplification	B-DISO
method	O
and	O
a	O
bio	O
-	O
optical	O
sensor	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
viral	O
RNA	O
amplification	B-DISO
/	O
detection	O
in	O
a	O
label	O
-	O
free	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
manner	O
.	O

The	O
iROAD	O
assay	O
offers	O
a	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
viral	O
RNA	O
amplification	B-DISO
/	O
detection	O
example	O
to	O
rapid	O
analysis	O
(<	O
20min	O
).	O

The	O
detection	O
limit	O
of	O
iROAD	O
assay	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
10	O
-	O
times	O
more	O
sensitive	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
method	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Non	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
cardiogenic	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
and	O
myocardial	O
injury	O
following	O
heroin	B-CHED
inhalation	B-PROC
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

Heroin	B-CHED
inhalation	B-PROC
may	O
cause	O
severe	O
complications	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
non	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
cardiogenic	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
or	O
myocardial	O
injury	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
outcome	O
might	O
vary	O
with	O
different	O
rescue	O
procedures	O
,	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
will	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Early	O
involvement	O
of	O
an	O
ARDS	B-DISO
or	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
center	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
to	O
ensure	O
optimal	O
care	O
.	O

PubMed	O
and	O
Web	B-DISO
of	O
Science	O
databases	O
were	O
searched	O
for	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
studies	O
on	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
potential	O
associations	O
between	O
MERS	O
-	O
associated	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
underlying	O
medical	O
conditions	O
and	O
study	O
design	O
were	O
explored	O
.	O

Both	O
NS	O
and	O
tracheal	O
washes	O
(	O
TW	O
)	O
were	O
collected	O
monthly	O
on	O
52	O
Standardbred	O
racehorses	B-SPEC
at	O
training	O
,	O
over	O
27	O
consecutive	O
months	O
(	O
581	O
samples	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Genome	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
variants	O
from	O
patient	O
specimens	O
has	O
revealed	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
dynamics	O
and	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
heterogeneity	O
could	O
be	O
transmitted	O
in	O
a	O
close	O
association	O
with	O
variation	O
in	O
the	O
consensus	O
sequences	O
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
multiple	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
intrapatient	O
heterogeneity	O
revealed	O
a	O
relationship	O
between	O
D510G	O
and	O
I529T	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
results	O
prove	O
the	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
llamas	O
and	O
pigs	B-SPEC
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
regular	O
co	O
-	O
vaccination	O
of	O
two	O
different	O
strains	O
of	O
live	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
vaccine	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
possible	O
mutations	O
in	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
following	O
vaccination	O
.	O

Results	O
indicate	O
that	O
viral	O
titres	O
reduced	O
over	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
;	O
conversely	O
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
detected	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
genome	O
increased	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
is	O
affected	O
by	O
both	O
cyclophilin	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
and	O
cyclophilin	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
causes	O
the	O
fatal	O
disease	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
currently	O
incurable	O
by	O
drug	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
are	O
available	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
advances	O
in	O
the	O
technology	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
respiratory	O
assist	O
systems	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
renewed	O
interest	O
in	O
extracorporeal	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
removal	O
(	O
ECCOR	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
and	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
propensity	O
-	O
matched	O
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

It	O
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
conformation	O
of	O
MHC	B-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
I	I-PRGE
(	O
MHC	B-PROC
I	O
)	O
molecules	O
can	O
be	O
adjusted	O
by	O
the	O
presented	O
peptide	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
impacts	O
T	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Adenovirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
associated	O
with	O
respiratory	O
(	O
especially	O
upper	O
respiratory	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
occur	O
primarily	O
in	O
infants	O
and	O
children	O
.	O

Although	O
rare	O
in	O
adults	O
,	O
severe	O
lower	O
respiratory	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
including	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
are	O
reported	O
in	O
specific	O
populations	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
military	O
recruits	O
and	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
55	O
plants	B-SPEC
,	O
only	O
six	O
plants	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
studied	O
in	O
vitro	O
against	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
causing	O
bronchitis	O
.	O

We	O
invite	O
the	O
attention	O
of	O
researchers	O
for	O
detailed	O
ethnopharmacological	O
and	O
phytochemical	O
studies	O
on	O
unexplored	O
plants	B-SPEC
used	O
to	O
treat	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
.	O

We	O
use	O
the	O
difference	O
in	O
difference	O
approach	O
and	O
also	O
conduct	B-PROC
a	O
falsification	B-DISO
check	O
and	O
robustness	O
check	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
older	O
workers	O
faced	O
a	O
higher	O
possibility	O
of	O
unemployment	O
after	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

The	O
vulnerability	O
in	O
the	O
young	O
group	O
partially	O
increased	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
30s	O
and	O
40s	O
age	O
groups	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
relative	O
vulnerability	O
in	O
the	O
labor	B-PROC
market	O
despite	O
being	O
healthy	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
older	O
workers	O
faced	O
a	O
higher	O
possibility	O
of	O
unemployment	O
after	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
pneumophila	I-SPEC
,	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
Legionnaires	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
accounts	O
for	O
2	O
-	O
15	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
requiring	O
hospitalization	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
requiring	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
admission	O
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
multicenter	O
observational	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
with	O
all	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
Legionnaires	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
Niagara	O
Region	O
of	O
the	O
Province	O
of	O
Ontario	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
from	O
June	O
to	O
December	O
2013	O
.	O

Legionnaires	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
during	O
the	O
late	O
spring	O
and	O
summer	O
months	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
tobacco	B-SPEC
use	O
and	O
various	O
comorbidities	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
From	O
June	O
to	O
December	O
2013	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
14	O
hospitalized	O
cases	O
of	O
Legionnaires	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
Niagara	O
Region	O
.	O

Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
can	O
also	O
be	O
complicated	O
by	O
dysautonomia	O
necessitating	O
specific	O
therapies	O
.	O

Comorbidities	O
are	O
closely	O
associated	O
with	O
HRV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
paper	O
design	O
and	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
scaffold	O
comprising	O
primaquine	B-CHED
(	O
PQ	O
)	O
motif	O
and	O
cinnamic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
derivatives	O
(	O
CADs	O
)	O
bound	O
directly	O
(	O
compounds	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
Proteome	O
Analysis	O
of	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Jejunum	B-ANAT
Tissues	B-ANAT
in	O
Response	O
to	O
a	O
Virulent	O
Strain	O
of	O
Porcine	O
Epidemic	O
Diarrhea	O
Virus	O
and	O
Its	O
Attenuated	O
Strain	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
predominant	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	O
enteric	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
leads	O
to	O
severe	O
dehydrating	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
piglets	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

All	O
of	O
these	O
involved	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
stimulated	O
genes	O
(	O
ISGs	O
)	O
which	O
were	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
in	O
jejunums	B-ANAT
by	O
both	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
groups	O
.	O

Nucleotide	B-CHED
deletions	O
were	O
seen	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
given	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
Mass	O
and	O
Ark	O
.	O
Of	O
the	O
16	O
sequenced	O
samples	O
in	O
this	O
group	O
,	O
13	O
contained	O
the	O
same	O
AAT	B-FUNC
deletion	O
at	O
position	O
1033	O
1035	O
in	O
the	O
Ark	B-PRGE
strains	O
.	O

Findings	O
presented	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
demonstrate	O
alteration	O
in	O
the	O
S1	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
following	O
co	O
-	O
administration	O
of	O
live	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Airborne	O
pathogens	O
-	O
either	O
transmitted	O
via	O
aerosol	O
or	O
droplets	O
-	O
include	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
and	O
dangerous	O
microbes	O
such	O
as	O
variola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
measles	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
Mycobacterium	B-SPEC
tuberculosis	I-SPEC
,	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Bordetella	B-SPEC
pertussis	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Outcomes	O
and	O
survival	O
prediction	O
models	O
for	O
severe	O
adult	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Higher	O
age	O
,	O
immunocompromised	O
status	O
,	O
associated	O
extra	O
-	O
pulmonary	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
low	O
respiratory	O
compliance	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
influenzae	O
diagnosis	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
main	O
determinants	O
of	O
poorer	O
outcome	O
.	O

Severe	O
vector	O
-	O
mediated	O
diseases	O
may	O
be	O
complicated	O
by	O
ARDS	B-DISO
or	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
are	O
both	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
ECMO	O
treatment	O
can	O
be	O
beneficial	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
dengue	B-DISO
,	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
and	O
acute	O
Chagas	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
if	O
complicated	O
by	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
or	O
cardiac	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
we	O
have	O
investigated	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
)	O
treatment	O
on	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
arterivirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
membrane	B-COMP
structures	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Malaria	B-PATH
remains	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
greatest	O
burdens	O
to	O
global	O
health	O
,	O
causing	O
nearly	O
500	O
,	O
000	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
2014	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
previously	O
shown	O
that	O
a	O
proportion	O
of	O
DBA	B-DISO
/	O
2	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
berghei	I-SPEC
ANKA	O
(	O
PbA	B-CHED
)	O
develop	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
that	O
these	O
mice	B-SPEC
recapitulate	O
various	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
hemorrhaging	O
,	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
and	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

The	O
depletion	O
of	O
neutrophils	B-ANAT
,	O
treatment	O
with	O
AMD3100	O
(	O
a	O
CXCR4	B-FUNC
antagonist	B-PROC
),	O
Pulmozyme	O
(	O
human	B-PRGE
recombinant	I-PRGE
DNase	B-ENZY
)	O
or	O
Sivelestat	O
(	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
neutrophil	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
)	O
decreased	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
-	O
associated	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
significantly	O
increased	O
mouse	B-SPEC
survival	O
.	O

SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
were	O
intranasally	O
inoculated	O
with	O
104	O
EID50	O
/	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
ml	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
gross	O
pathology	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
histological	O
changes	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Community	O
-	O
Acquired	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
Adults	O
:	O
Diagnosis	O
and	O
Management	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
methicillin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
should	O
be	O
given	O
vancomycin	B-CHED
or	O
linezolid	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
ceftaroline	B-CHED
in	O
resistant	O
cases	O
.	O

Three	O
(	O
18	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
had	O
non	O
-	O
ischemic	O
LGE	O
in	O
the	O
basal	O
inferolateral	O
wall	O
and	O
21	O
%	O
demonstrated	O
elevated	O
global	O
ECV	O
values	O
suggestive	O
of	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
myocardial	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
observed	O
structural	O
abnormalities	O
seem	O
to	O
result	O
from	O
an	O
interplay	O
between	O
the	O
storage	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
other	O
comorbidities	O
and	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
to	O
mid	O
-	O
term	O
prognosis	O
in	O
adult	O
Pompe	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
caused	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
Americas	O
,	O
Asia	O
and	O
Europe	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
epidemic	O
was	O
unprecedented	O
,	O
the	O
world	O
had	O
previously	O
experienced	O
several	O
acute	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	O
requiring	O
global	O
coordination	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
no	O
such	O
work	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
Cambodia	O
or	O
Lao	O
PDR	B-DISO
.	O

They	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
by	O
consensus	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
.	O

The	O
βCoVs	O
group	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
include	O
some	O
coronaviruses	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
All	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
sequences	O
generated	O
from	O
frugivorous	O
bats	B-SPEC
(	O
family	B-SPEC
Pteropodidae	I-SPEC
)	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
55	O
)	O
clustered	O
with	O
other	O
bat	B-ENZY
βCoVs	O
of	O
lineage	O
D	O
,	O
whereas	O
one	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
Pipistrellus	B-SPEC
coromandra	I-SPEC
fell	O
in	O
the	O
lineage	O
C	O
of	O
βCoVs	O
which	O
also	O
includes	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
αCoVs	O
were	O
all	O
detected	O
in	O
various	O
genera	O
of	O
insectivorous	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
clustered	O
with	O
diverse	O
bat	B-ENZY
αCoV	O
sequences	O
previously	O
published	O
.	O

Three	O
new	O
bat	B-ENZY
genera	O
and	O
species	B-SPEC
were	O
newly	O
identified	O
as	O
host	B-COMP
of	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
namely	O
Macroglossus	B-SPEC
sp	O
.,	O
Megaerops	B-SPEC
niphanae	I-SPEC
and	O
Myotis	B-SPEC
horsfieldii	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
increasing	O
reports	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
MERS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
from	O
many	O
countries	O
emphasize	O
its	O
importance	O
for	O
international	O
travel	O
.	O

However	O
detection	O
of	O
flu	B-DISO
emphasises	O
preventive	O
strategies	O
like	O
vaccination	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
,	O
models	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
predict	O
the	O
likelihood	O
and	O
magnitude	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
,	O
inform	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
activities	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
(	O
1	O
),	O
and	O
develop	O
plans	O
and	O
preparedness	O
strategies	O
for	O
future	O
events	O
,	O
the	O
latter	O
of	O
which	O
proved	O
invaluable	O
during	O
outbreaks	O
such	O
as	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
and	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
-	O
6	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
to	O
be	O
underdiagnosed	O
and	O
inadequately	O
treated	O
,	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
underutilization	O
of	O
low	O
-	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
highlight	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
global	O
investigations	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
kinases	O
,	O
the	O
kinome	O
,	O
for	O
investigating	O
emerging	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
from	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
characterizing	O
cellular	O
responses	O
and	O
identifying	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
targets	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
professional	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
such	O
as	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
DC	O
)	O
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
has	O
greatly	O
limited	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
current	O
investigations	O
.	O

Cells	B-COMP
with	O
the	O
phenotype	O
,	O
morphology	O
and	O
functional	O
features	O
of	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
DC	O
,	O
bona	O
fide	O
DC	O
or	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
were	O
obtained	O
in	O
GM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CSF	I-PRGE
/	O
IL4	B-PRGE
,	O
FLT3L	B-PRGE
or	O
CSF	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1	I-FUNC
cultures	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
details	O
which	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
likely	O
to	O
caused	O
further	O
outbreaks	O
and	O
looks	O
at	O
the	O
strategies	O
and	O
tools	O
available	O
to	O
UK	O
medical	O
professionals	O
to	O
mitigate	O
the	O
threat	O
posed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
emerging	O
respiratory	O
pathogen	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
from	O
individual	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
especially	O
when	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
occurred	O
within	O
an	O
experimental	O
situation	O
,	O
show	O
more	O
variation	O
.	O

The	O
S1	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
gene	O
of	O
N1	O
/	O
88	O
,	O
a	O
subgroup	O
2	O
strain	O
,	O
shares	O
a	O
high	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
with	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
recent	O
isolate	O
N1	O
/	O
08	O
.	O

Group	O
2	O
-	O
8	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
positive	O
sows	O
and	O
their	O
91	O
piglets	O
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
Group	O
1	O
piglets	O
shed	O
more	O
virus	B-SPEC
on	O
DPIs	O
1	O
to	O
5	O
,	O
were	O
hypothermic	O
at	O
all	O
sampling	O
points	O
except	O
DPIs	O
9	O
,	O
11	O
,	O
and	O
12	O
,	O
gained	O
weight	O
more	O
slowly	O
,	O
and	O
exhibited	O
lower	O
survivability	O
than	O
Group	O
2	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
spreaders	O
with	O
≥	O
4	O
transmissions	O
exhibited	O
higher	O
values	O
for	O
pre	O
-	O
isolation	O
contacts	O
(	O
777	O
vs	O
.	O
78	O
),	O
pre	O
-	O
isolation	O
emergency	B-DISO
room	O
visits	O
(	O
100	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
35	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
and	O
doctor	O
-	O
shopping	O
(	O
100	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
47	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
spreaders	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribosylation	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
posttranslational	B-PROC
modification	I-PROC
that	O
may	O
have	O
antiviral	B-CHED
properties	O
and	O
impact	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
identified	O
several	O
macrodomain	O
mutations	O
that	O
greatly	O
reduced	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
'	O
s	O
de	O
-	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribosylation	O
activity	O
in	O
vitro	O
Next	O
,	O
we	O
created	O
recombinant	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
strains	O
with	O
these	O
mutations	O
.	O

Further	O
,	O
macrodomain	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
elicited	O
an	O
early	O
,	O
enhanced	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
),	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
stimulated	O
gene	O
(	O
ISG	O
),	O
and	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokine	O
response	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
in	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
bronchial	B-ANAT
epithelial	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
.	O

The	O
macrodomain	O
is	O
a	O
ubiquitous	O
structural	O
domain	O
that	O
removes	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
from	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
reversing	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
ADP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ribosyltransferases	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Activation	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
Coagulation	I-PROC
and	O
Fibrinolysis	B-PROC
in	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
Prospective	O
Pilot	O
Study	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
ARDS	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
might	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
changes	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
coagulation	B-PROC
and	O
fibrinolysis	B-PROC
.	O

Inclusion	O
criteria	O
were	O
patients	O
with	O
PaO	B-PROC
Of	O
24	O
patients	O
at	O
risk	O
,	O
6	O
developed	O
mild	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
4	O
of	O
each	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
3	O
±	O
2	O
(	O
mean	O
±	O
SD	O
)	O
days	O
after	O
inclusion	O
.	O

Median	O
plasma	B-ANAT
concentrations	O
of	O
TF	O
and	O
PAI	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
at	O
This	O
pilot	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
increased	O
plasma	B-ANAT
concentrations	O
of	O
TF	O
and	O
PAI	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
might	O
support	O
ARDS	B-DISO
diagnoses	O
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
after	O
7	O
days	O
in	O
ICU	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
A	O
Continuing	O
Risk	O
to	O
Global	O
Health	O
Security	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
new	O
zoonotic	O
coronaviruses	O
causing	O
disease	O
in	O
humans	O
(	O
Zumla	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
2015a	O
;	O
Hui	O
and	O
Zumla	O
2015	O
;	O
Peiris	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
2003	O
;	O
Yu	B-SPEC
et	O
al	O
.	O
2014	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
international	O
attention	O
for	O
the	O
past	O
14	O
years	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
epidemic	O
potential	O
;	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
The	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
(	O
Peiris	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
2003	O
)	O
first	O
discovered	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
2001	O
caused	O
a	O
major	O
global	O
epidemic	O
of	O
the	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Clinical	O
efficacy	O
of	O
different	O
doses	O
of	O
gamma	B-PRGE
globulin	I-PRGE
combined	O
with	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
in	O
treatment	O
of	O
moderate	O
/	O
severe	O
acute	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	O
in	O
children	O
:	O
a	O
comparative	O
analysis	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Malaria	O
is	O
a	O
serious	O
disease	O
,	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
parasite	O
of	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Drug	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
DLI	O
)	O
can	O
result	O
from	O
a	O
vast	O
number	O
of	O
agents	O
,	O
and	O
sometimes	O
presents	O
findings	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
injuries	O
are	O
an	O
important	O
aspect	O
of	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
in	O
severe	O
DLI	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
2580	O
patients	O
who	O
underwent	O
a	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
procedure	O
at	O
Tosei	O
General	O
Hospital	O
between	O
May	O
2007	O
and	O
February	O
2015	O
,	O
we	O
retrospectively	O
analysed	O
the	O
data	O
of	O
68	O
DLI	O
patients	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
39	O
patients	O
(	O
57	O
%)	O
had	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
(	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
/	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
fraction	O
ratio	O
,	O
PaO	B-PROC
Soluble	O
TM	O
in	O
BALF	O
is	O
an	O
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
severe	O
DLI	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
underscore	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
injuries	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
severe	O
DLI	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
At	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
39	O
patients	O
(	O
57	O
%)	O
had	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
/	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
fraction	O
ratio	O
,	O
PaO	B-PROC
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Soluble	O
TM	O
in	O
BALF	O
is	O
an	O
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
severe	O
DLI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hepatitis	B-DISO
E	I-DISO
Virus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
after	O
Platelet	B-ANAT
Transfusion	O
in	O
an	O
Immunocompetent	O
Trauma	O
Patient	O
.	O

Genotyping	O
confirmed	O
HEV	B-SPEC
in	O
a	O
transfused	O
platelet	B-ANAT
pool	O
and	O
the	O
donor	B-CHED
.	O

Previously	O
we	O
have	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
suppresses	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
),	O
while	O
the	O
detailed	O
mechanisms	O
are	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

Patient	O
-	O
related	O
clinical	O
risk	O
factors	O
were	O
defined	O
as	O
coronary	B-ANAT
atherosclerotic	B-DISO
heart	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
,	O
cerebral	O
infarction	O
,	O
diabetes	B-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
,	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
kidney	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
arrhythmia	B-DISO
,	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
previous	O
interventional	O
pulmonology	O
treatment	O
.	O

Third	O
,	O
invest	O
in	O
investigator	O
-	O
led	O
clinical	O
research	O
networks	O
that	O
are	O
primed	O
and	O
incentivised	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
outbreak	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
which	O
can	O
call	O
on	O
the	O
support	O
and	O
resources	O
of	O
a	O
central	O
centre	O
of	O
excellence	O
.	O

We	O
confirmed	O
that	O
residues	O
18	O
-	O
133	O
(	O
designated	O
NEP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D4	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
residues	O
252	O
-	O
262	O
(	O
designated	O
NEP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D6	I-PRGE
)	O
were	O
the	O
epitopes	O
targeted	B-PROC
by	O
MAbs	O
PN	O
-	O
D4	O
and	O
PN	O
-	O
D6	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

All	O
these	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
these	O
two	O
novel	O
epitopes	O
and	O
their	O
cognate	O
MAbs	O
could	O
serve	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
precise	O
diagnostic	O
assays	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
new	O
compounds	O
with	O
original	O
modes	O
of	O
action	O
are	O
continuously	O
required	O
,	O
and	O
natural	B-CHED
products	I-CHED
have	O
ever	O
been	O
a	O
very	O
interesting	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
pharmacologically	O
active	O
molecules	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
syndrome	B-DISO
of	O
acute	O
onset	O
,	O
with	O
bilateral	O
opacities	B-DISO
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
imaging	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
not	O
caused	O
by	O
cardiac	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
leading	O
to	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
,	O
or	O
severe	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
impairment	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
most	O
commonly	O
a	O
manifestation	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
disruption	O
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
barrier	O
integrity	O
and	O
diffuse	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
following	O
surgeries	O
for	O
pediatric	O
critical	O
and	O
complex	O
congenital	O
heart	O
disease	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
explore	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
children	O
receiving	O
surgeries	O
for	O
critical	O
and	O
complex	O
congenital	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
CCHD	O
).	O

Univariate	O
analyses	O
and	O
logistic	O
regression	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
following	O
the	O
surgeries	O
.	O

The	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
identified	O
in	O
these	O
children	O
can	O
predict	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
following	O
the	O
surgeries	O
and	O
timely	O
interventions	O
can	O
improve	O
the	O
success	O
rate	O
in	O
treatment	O
of	O
postoperative	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
with	O
CCHD	O
.	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
analyses	O
showed	O
that	O
intraoperative	O
ACC	B-DISO
time	O
,	O
CPB	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
maximum	O
increasing	O
rate	O
of	O
lactic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
within	O
24	O
h	O
after	O
operation	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
procalcitonin	O
24	O
h	O
after	O
operation	O
and	O
intraoperative	O
blood	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
were	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
postoperative	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
Aptamers	O
as	O
Diagnostics	O
Tools	O
and	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Agents	I-CHED
for	O
Human	B-SPEC
Viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
data	O
support	O
a	O
polyphyletic	O
origin	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
co	O
-	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
diverse	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoVs	O
including	O
recombinant	O
strains	O
in	O
the	O
UAE	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
cultured	O
ex	O
vivo	O
infected	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
may	O
overcome	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
limitations	O
and	O
complement	O
traditional	O
models	O
.	O

While	O
the	O
amplitude	O
of	O
tidal	O
volume	O
appears	O
set	O
<	O
6	O
mL	O
kg	O
⁻	O
¹	O
,	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
remains	O
controversial	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
in	O
early	O
severe	O
diffuse	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
this	O
review	O
argues	O
for	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
a	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
(	O
preferably	O
titrated	O
on	O
transpulmonary	O
pressure	O
)	O
with	O
spontaneous	O
ventilation	O
+	O
pressure	O
support	O
(	O
or	O
newer	O
modes	O
of	O
ventilation	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
conditionalities	O
are	O
stringent	O
:	O
upfront	O
circulatory	B-PROC
optimization	O
,	O
upright	O
positioning	O
,	O
lowered	O
VO₂	O
,	O
lowered	O
acidotic	O
and	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
drives	O
,	O
sedation	B-DISO
without	O
ventilatory	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
and	O
without	O
lowered	O
muscular	B-ANAT
tone	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Stochastic	O
modelling	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
for	O
heterogeneous	O
populations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
H1N1	O
can	O
significantly	O
impact	O
people	O
'	O
s	O
lives	O
and	O
cause	O
severe	O
social	O
and	O
economic	O
damages	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
piglets	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
Thailand	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
experimental	O
model	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
pig	B-SPEC
.	O

Single	O
cycle	O
included	O
two	O
subsequent	O
lavages	O
followed	O
by	O
detergent	B-CHED
suction	O
.	O

In	O
remaining	O
two	O
animals	B-SPEC
an	O
unmanageable	O
hypotension	O
developed	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
OSA	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
severe	O
asthma	B-PATH
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

The	O
frequency	O
of	O
severe	O
asthma	B-PATH
exacerbations	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
among	O
the	O
asthma	B-PATH
patients	O
with	O
OSA	B-DISO
compared	O
with	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
OSA	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

This	O
phenomenon	O
could	O
be	O
extended	O
to	O
other	O
betacoronaviruses	O
utilizing	O
CTD1	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
for	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
,	O
which	O
provides	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
intermediate	O
states	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
pre	O
-	O
fusion	O
spike	O
trimer	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
determined	O
in	O
45	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
from	O
two	O
geographically	O
separated	O
herds	O
in	O
Jordan	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
chicken	B-SPEC
astrovirus	I-SPEC
isolate	O
from	O
India	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chicken	B-SPEC
astroviruses	O
have	O
been	O
known	O
to	O
cause	O
severe	O
disease	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
leading	O
to	O
increased	O
mortality	O
and	O
""""	O
white	O
chicks	O
""""	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
epitope	B-CHED
analysis	O
by	O
SVMTriP	O
identified	O
two	O
unique	O
epitopes	O
in	O
our	O
isolate	O
,	O
seven	O
shared	O
epitopes	O
among	O
Indian	O
isolates	O
and	O
two	O
shared	O
epitopes	O
among	O
all	O
isolates	O
except	O
Poland	O
isolate	O
which	O
carried	O
all	O
distinct	O
epitopes	O
.	O

NMBA	O
infusion	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
improvement	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
both	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
accompanied	O
by	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
both	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
and	O
total	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
describe	O
how	O
these	O
particles	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
infect	O
susceptible	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
to	O
perform	O
a	O
quantitative	O
infectivity	O
readout	O
by	O
a	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
assay	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
PaO	B-PROC
Evaluation	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
PEEP	B-CHED
may	O
provide	O
useful	O
information	O
for	O
predicting	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
AE	O
-	O
IPF	O
.	O

Our	O
hypothesis	O
was	O
that	O
this	O
method	O
is	O
reasonable	O
if	O
tissue	B-ANAT
hypoxia	B-DISO
is	O
avoided	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Late	O
-	O
onset	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
shorter	O
survival	O
and	O
higher	O
mortality	O
:	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
stage	O
association	O
study	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Late	O
-	O
onset	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
defined	O
as	O
onset	O
over	O
48	O
h	O
after	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
admission	O
(	O
N	O
=	O
273	O
,	O
31	O
%),	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
shorter	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
survival	O
time	O
:	O
HR	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
24	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
48	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
39	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
24	O
×	O
10	O

We	O
will	O
underline	O
how	O
a	O
holistic	O
framework	O
of	O
respiratory	O
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
support	O
should	O
be	O
provided	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
aiming	O
to	O
ensure	O
adequate	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
by	O
promoting	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
while	O
minimizing	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	O
injury	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
1004	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
genetic	O
resources	O
of	O
camelids	O
must	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
maintained	O
as	O
living	O
collections	O
of	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
potential	O
linkages	O
among	O
viral	O
strategies	O
for	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
cell	B-PROC
survival	I-PROC
activities	O
,	O
possibly	O
through	O
an	O
interaction	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
with	O
NPM1	B-PRGE
which	O
prevents	O
its	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
cleavage	B-PROC
and	O
enhances	O
cell	B-PROC
survival	I-PROC
,	O
thus	O
ultimately	O
promoting	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
respondents	O
(	O
70	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
felt	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
contracting	O
a	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
at	O
work	O
,	O
69	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
felt	O
threatened	O
if	O
a	O
colleague	O
contracted	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
60	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
felt	O
obliged	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
87	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
did	O
not	O
feel	O
safe	O
at	O
work	O
using	O
standard	O
precautions	O
.	O

Concurrent	O
infections	B-DISO
of	O
dengue	B-DISO
and	O
malaria	B-PATH
are	O
rare	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
different	O
habitats	O
of	O
its	O
vectors	O
and	O
activities	O
of	O
different	O
carrier	O
mosquitoes	B-SPEC
.	O

Plasmodium	B-SPEC
knowlesi	I-SPEC
is	O
also	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
in	O
Malaysia	O
with	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
highest	O
rates	O
of	O
mortality	O
.	O

Despite	O
aggressive	B-DISO
supportive	O
treatment	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
),	O
the	O
patient	O
had	O
unresolved	O
acidosis	B-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
involving	O
respiratory	O
,	O
renal	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
haematological	O
systems	O
.	O

Signature	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
and	O
a	O
glycine	B-CHED
residue	I-CHED
insertion	O
at	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
,	O
among	O
others	O
,	O
exhibited	O
further	O
distinction	O
in	O
a	O
recombination	O
pattern	O
,	O
to	O
which	O
these	O
clusters	B-CHED
were	O
classified	O
as	O
genotypes	O
F	O
and	O
G	O
.	O
The	O
phylogeographic	O
mapping	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
spike	O
gene	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
genetically	O
similar	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
genotypes	O
F	O
and	O
G	O
strains	O
were	O
potentially	O
circulating	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
Japan	O
,	O
Thailand	O
and	O
Europe	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
the	O
late	O
2000s	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Systematic	O
,	O
active	O
surveillance	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
in	O
Egypt	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
causes	O
severe	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
and	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
considered	O
an	O
intermediary	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

Findings	O
related	O
to	O
waning	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
re	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
have	O
implications	O
for	O
camel	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
disease	O
management	O
and	O
zoonotic	O
threat	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Military	O
-	O
civilian	O
cooperative	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
severe	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
has	O
increased	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
continues	O
to	O
increase	O
.	O

The	O
Chinese	O
government	O
and	O
military	O
forces	O
have	O
paid	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
attention	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
using	O
military	O
-	O
civilian	O
cooperation	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
successfully	O
prevented	O
numerous	O
severe	O
epidemic	O
situations	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
),	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
H5N1	B-DISO
and	O
H7N9	O
,	O
and	O
Ebola	B-DISO
hemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
,	O
while	O
actively	O
maintained	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
economic	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
national	O
construction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Social	O
Big	O
Data	O
Analysis	O
of	O
Information	O
Spread	O
and	O
Perceived	O
Infection	B-DISO
Risk	O
During	O
the	O
2015	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Underlying	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
chronic	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
arteriosclerosis	B-DISO
and	O
dysrhythmia	B-DISO
can	O
either	O
deteriorate	O
due	O
to	O
infections	B-DISO
or	O
be	O
newly	O
manifested	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
United	O
States	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
was	O
first	O
confronted	O
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O

Most	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
have	O
the	O
typical	O
genomic	O
organization	O
of	O
other	O
gamacoronaviruses	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
two	O
strains	O
lacked	O
3a	O
and	O
5b	O
genes	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
a	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
change	O
within	O
the	O
start	O
codon	O
in	O
the	O
3a	O
or	O
5b	O
genes	O
.	O

Most	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
disappeared	O
(	O
before	O
mid	O
-	O
2005	O
)	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
not	O
""""	O
fit	B-DISO
""""	O
to	O
adaptation	B-PROC
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Widespread	O
Virus	B-PROC
Replication	I-PROC
in	O
Alveoli	B-ANAT
Drives	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Aerosolized	O
H5N1	O
Influenza	O
Infection	O
of	O
Macaques	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
new	O
nonhuman	O
primate	B-SPEC
model	O
will	O
advance	O
vaccine	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
approaches	O
to	O
prevent	O
and	O
treat	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
.	O

To	O
study	O
this	O
disease	O
process	O
in	O
experimental	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
are	O
infected	O
,	O
most	O
commonly	O
,	O
with	O
neurotropic	O
strains	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
or	O
Theiler	O
'	O
s	O
murine	B-DISO
encephalomyelitis	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
picornavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Areas	O
covered	O
:	O
The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
is	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
used	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
agents	O
in	O
the	O
pipeline	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
first	O
described	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O

Charting	O
the	O
decline	O
in	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
in	O
a	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
pig	B-SPEC
confirmed	O
that	O
ricin	B-FUNC
-	O
induced	O
respiratory	O
damage	O
complies	O
with	O
the	O
accepted	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
selected	O
16	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
(	O
bovine	B-SPEC
viral	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
3	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
D	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
rhinitis	B-DISO
A	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
rhinitis	I-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
herpesvirus	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	B-DISO
3	O
,	O
bovine	B-SPEC
adenovirus	B-DISO
7	O
,	O
Mannheimia	B-SPEC
haemolytica	I-SPEC
,	O
Pasteurella	B-SPEC
multocida	I-SPEC
,	O
Histophilus	B-SPEC
somni	I-SPEC
,	O
Trueperella	B-SPEC
pyogenes	O
,	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
bovis	I-SPEC
and	O
Ureaplasma	B-SPEC
diversum	I-SPEC
)	O
as	O
detection	O
targets	O
and	O
designed	O
novel	O
specific	O
primer	O
-	O
probe	O
sets	O
for	O
nine	O
of	O
them	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
pandemic	O
of	O
obesity	O
is	O
sweeping	O
all	O
across	O
the	O
globe	B-ANAT
and	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
region	O
also	O
does	O
not	O
remain	O
untouched	O
by	O
this	O
prevailing	O
pandemic	O
.	O

We	O
will	O
also	O
suggest	O
to	O
control	O
this	O
epidemic	O
of	O
obesity	B-DISO
and	O
OSA	B-DISO
so	O
that	O
the	O
corrective	O
measure	O
could	O
be	O
taken	O
at	O
health	O
ministry	O
level	O
to	O
help	O
people	O
of	O
this	O
region	O
to	O
fight	O
against	O
obesity	B-DISO
and	O
related	O
disorders	O
,	O
primarily	O
OSA	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
electrostatic	O
interaction	O
between	O
TMV	B-SPEC
-	O
wt	O
and	O
TMV	B-SPEC
-	O
lys	B-CHED
nanoparticles	B-CHED
became	O
the	O
driving	O
force	O
in	O
the	O
highly	O
controlled	O
buildup	O
of	O
the	O
multilayer	O
TMV	B-SPEC
constructs	O
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
two	O
web	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
,	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
surveys	O
of	O
ICU	O
organizational	O
practices	O
in	O
Pennsylvania	O
acute	O
care	O
hospitals	O
,	O
in	O
2005	O
(	O
chief	O
nursing	B-PROC
officer	O
respondents	O
)	O
and	O
2014	O
(	O
ICU	O
nurse	O
manager	O
respondents	O
).	O

Of	O
223	O
eligible	O
respondents	O
,	O
nurse	O
managers	O
from	O
136	O
(	O
61	O
%)	O
medical	O
,	O
surgical	O
,	O
mixed	O
medical	O
-	O
surgical	O
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
specialty	O
ICUs	O
in	O
98	O
hospitals	O
completed	O
the	O
2014	O
survey	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
124	O
of	O
164	O
(	O
76	O
%)	O
chief	O
nursing	B-PROC
officers	O
in	O
the	O
2005	O
survey	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
only	O
variables	O
that	O
were	O
correlated	O
with	O
longer	O
hospital	O
stay	O
were	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
nebulizer	O
therapy	O
,	O
irrespective	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
pathogen	O
.	O

Children	O
with	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
positive	O
test	O
results	O
had	O
a	O
significant	O
higher	O
disease	O
severity	O
,	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
length	O
of	O
hospital	O
stay	O
,	O
days	O
of	O
extra	O
oxygen	B-CHED
supply	O
,	O
and	O
days	O
of	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
than	O
children	O
with	O
a	O
negative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
test	O
result	O
.	O

Disease	O
(	O
severity	O
),	O
management	O
and	O
outcome	O
in	O
pediatric	O
ARI	B-CHED
are	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
specific	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
structure	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
PLpro	I-PRGE
-∆	I-PRGE
Ubl2	I-PRGE
was	O
determined	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
Å	O
and	O
compared	O
to	O
PLpro	O
containing	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
Ubl2	B-PRGE
domain	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
cause	O
severe	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
clinical	O
course	O
may	O
be	O
severe	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
fatal	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
disease	O
associated	O
with	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
in	O
a	O
7	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
malnourished	B-DISO
infant	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
lipid	B-COMP
rafts	I-COMP
serve	O
as	O
attachment	O
factors	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
especially	O
during	O
the	O
attachment	O
stage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vaccination	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
:	O
A	O
continuous	O
challenge	O
.	O

Novel	O
vaccine	O
technology	O
development	B-PROC
has	O
been	O
slow	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
hindered	O
by	O
the	O
constraints	O
of	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
poultry	O
production	O
.	O

Further	O
complicating	O
the	O
situation	O
is	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
knowledge	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
protein	B-CHED
and	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
interactions	O
,	O
making	O
targeted	B-PROC
vaccine	O
intervention	O
strategies	O
near	O
impossible	O
.	O

Healthy	O
adults	O
(	O
18	O
-	O
45	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
)	O
were	O
randomized	O
into	O
ARMS	B-DISO
-	O
I	O
or	O
placebo	O
group	O
(	O
50	O
subjects	O
each	O
).	O

Secondary	O
objectives	O
were	O
to	O
evaluate	O
safety	O
,	O
tolerability	O
,	O
rate	O
of	O
virus	O
detection	O
,	O
acceptability	O
and	O
adherence	O
;	O
effect	O
on	O
URI	O
-	O
associated	O
absenteeism	O
and	O
medical	O
visits	O
;	O
and	O
effect	O
of	O
prior	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
on	O
study	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Prior	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
had	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
study	O
outcome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
series	O
of	O
potent	O
and	O
novel	O
acylsulfonamide	O
-	O
bearing	O
triazines	O
were	O
synthesized	O
and	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
as	O
HCV	B-SPEC
entry	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

This	O
acylsulfonamide	O
series	O
was	O
derived	O
from	O
an	O
early	O
lead	O
,	O
4	O
-(	O
4	O
-(	O
1	O
-(	O
4	O
-	O
chlorophenyl	O
)	O
cyclopropylamino	O
)-	O
6	O
-(	O
2	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
2	O
-	O
trifluoroethoxy	O
)-	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
triazin	B-CHED
-	O
2	O
-	O
ylamino	O
)	O
benzoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
wherein	O
the	O
carboxylic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
an	O
acylsulfonamide	O
moiety	O
.	O

Propofol	B-CHED
exposure	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ICUAW	O
compared	O
to	O
controls	O
(	O
63	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
33	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

The	O
overall	O
pipeline	O
of	O
inactivation	B-DISO
and	O
subsequent	O
proteomic	O
,	O
metabolomic	O
,	O
and	O
lipidomic	O
analyses	O
was	O
evaluated	O
using	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
epithelial	O
lung	B-ANAT
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
infected	O
with	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
and	O
mutant	B-DISO
influenza	B-DISO
H7N9	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
thereby	O
demonstrating	O
that	O
MPLEx	O
yields	O
biomaterial	O
of	O
sufficient	O
quality	O
for	O
subsequent	O
multi	O
-	O
omics	O
analyses	O
.	O

The	O
levels	O
of	O
stress	O
,	O
reliability	O
/	O
practice	O
of	O
preventive	O
behaviors	B-PROC
,	O
hand	O
washing	O
practice	O
and	O
policy	O
credibility	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
period	O
were	O
analyzed	O
for	O
each	O
cluster	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
the	O
Protein	B-CHED
Corona	B-CHED
on	O
Antibody	B-COMP
-	O
Antigen	B-FUNC
Binding	I-FUNC
in	O
Nanoparticle	B-CHED
Sandwich	O
Immunoassays	O
.	O

Treatment	O
was	O
started	O
once	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
disseminated	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
made	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
patient	O
was	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
refractory	O
hypoxaemia	O
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
,	O
right	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
ISS	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
sVEGFR1	O
was	O
positively	O
associated	O
with	O
ISS	B-DISO
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
459	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
);	O
however	O
,	O
sVEGFR2	O
was	O
negatively	O
associated	O
with	O
ISS	B-DISO
(	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
510	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rhodoccocus	O
Equi	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
Paradoxical	O
Immune	B-DISO
Reconstitution	I-DISO
Inflammatory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
Patient	O
with	O
Acquired	O
Immune	O
Deficiency	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
AIDS	O
).	O

To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
electrical	B-PROC
impedance	I-PROC
tomography	O
(	O
EIT	O
)	O
to	O
monitor	O
a	O
PEEP	B-CHED
trial	O
and	O
to	O
derive	O
from	O
EIT	O
the	O
best	O
compromise	O
PEEP	B-CHED
in	O
this	O
setting	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
IgM	I-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
were	O
detected	O
in	O
22	O
/	O
183	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
02	O
%)	O
and	O
26	O
/	O
236	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
02	O
%)	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
validation	O
of	O
3	O
commercial	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-ENZY
transcriptase	I-ENZY
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assays	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
specimens	O
.	O

Results	O
showed	O
i	O
)	O
the	O
TIB	B-PRGE
MolBiol	I-PRGE
®	I-PRGE
LightMix	I-PRGE
UpE	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
Orf1a	I-PRGE
assays	I-PRGE
(	O
TIB	O
MolBiol	O
,	O
Berlin	O
,	O
Germany	O
)	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
most	O
sensitive	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
ii	O
)	O
the	O
Anyplex	O
™	O
Seegene	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
assay	O
(	O
Seegene	O
,	O
Seoul	O
,	O
Korea	O
),	O
and	O
finally	O
iii	O
)	O
the	O
PrimerDesign	O
™	O
Genesig	O
®	O
HCoV_2012	O
assay	O
(	O
PrimerDesign	O
,	O
England	O
,	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
secondary	O
analysis	O
of	O
three	O
prospective	O
non	O
-	O
interventional	O
cohort	O
studies	O
focusing	O
on	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
from	O
927	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICUs	O
)	O
in	O
40	O
countries	O
.	O

Although	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cells	B-COMP
responded	O
to	O
both	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
lambda	O
,	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
profiling	O
of	O
ISGs	O
(	O
specifically	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
,	O
OASL	B-PRGE
,	O
MxA	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IFITMs	O
)	O
differed	O
when	O
induced	O
by	O
either	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
or	O
rpIFN	O
-	O
L	O
.	O
Therefore	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
provide	O
the	O
experimental	O
evidence	O
that	O
porcine	B-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
suppresses	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
may	O
offer	O
a	O
promising	O
therapeutic	O
for	O
combating	O
PED	O
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
new	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
variants	O
is	O
often	O
disastrous	O
in	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

Recombination	B-PROC
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
three	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
could	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
2010	O
/	O
JT	O
-	O
1	O
at	O
positions	O
24709	O
-	O
365	O
,	O
17160	O
-	O
19811	O
and	O
21136	O
-	O
21770	O
.	O

All	O
of	O
these	O
data	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
CK	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
2010	O
/	O
JT	O
-	O
1	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
recombinant	O
genotype	O
IBV	O
with	O
high	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
surveillance	O
of	O
new	O
genotype	O
strains	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
is	O
very	O
important	O
for	O
developing	O
more	O
effective	O
anti	O
-	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strategies	O
.	O

All	O
polyphenols	B-CHED
were	O
more	O
potent	O
against	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
PL	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
six	O
FmoPV	O
-	O
positive	O
cats	B-SPEC
showed	O
that	O
the	O
strains	O
were	O
grouped	O
into	O
cluster	O
D	O
and	O
had	O
high	O
similarity	O
(	O
98	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
100	O
%)	O
with	O
strains	O
from	O
Japan	O
and	O
Germany	O
.	O

The	O
genotypes	O
found	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
previously	O
reported	O
strains	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
circulating	O
morbilliviruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
are	O
conserved	O
.	O

We	O
reviewed	O
the	O
postmortem	O
cases	O
of	O
cecal	B-ANAT
infarction	B-DISO
in	O
dairy	O
calves	O
≤	O
30	O
d	O
of	O
age	O
that	O
had	O
been	O
submitted	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
5	O
y	O
to	O
the	O
Tulare	O
branch	B-ANAT
of	I-ANAT
the	O
California	B-SPEC
Animal	B-SPEC
Health	O
and	O
Food	O
Safety	O
Laboratory	O
System	O
.	O

Cecal	B-ANAT
infarction	B-DISO
cases	O
were	O
then	O
compared	O
to	O
controls	O
using	O
a	O
retrospective	O
matched	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
design	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
east	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
corona	B-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
suppresses	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
responses	O
via	O
DPP4	O
-	O
mediated	O
induction	O
of	O
IRAK	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
and	O
PPARγ	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
One	O
-	O
Pot	B-DISO
Reverse	O
Transcriptional	B-PROC
Loop	O
-	O
Mediated	O
Isothermal	O
Amplification	B-DISO
(	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
)	O
for	O
Detecting	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Due	O
to	O
the	O
limitation	O
of	O
rapid	O
development	O
of	O
specific	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
or	O
vaccine	O
for	O
novel	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
an	O
accurate	O
and	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
to	O
manage	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
spread	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
pathogens	O
were	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
these	O
were	O
the	O
only	O
pathogens	O
determined	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
significant	O
role	O
in	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
forms	O
and	O
delivery	O
systems	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
comparable	O
development	O
strategies	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
are	O
additionally	O
addressed	O
.	O

Expert	O
opinion	O
:	O
Vaccines	O
must	O
be	O
combined	O
with	O
delivery	O
systems	O
,	O
administration	O
routes	O
,	O
and	O
adjuvants	B-CHED
to	O
maximize	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

High	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
require	O
further	O
study	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
human	B-SPEC
receptor	O
-	O
expressing	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
non	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
primates	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dynamic	O
driving	O
pressure	O
associated	O
mortality	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

After	O
ECMO	O
initiation	O
,	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
and	O
dynamic	O
driving	O
pressure	O
were	O
decreased	O
,	O
while	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
levels	O
were	O
relative	O
maintained	O
.	O

For	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
receiving	O
ECMO	O
,	O
immunocompromised	O
status	O
,	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
and	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
before	O
ECMO	O
initiation	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
ICU	O
survival	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
158	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
received	O
ECMO	O
were	O
finally	O
analyzed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Nasal	B-ANAT
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
nCPAP	O
)	O
is	O
currently	O
the	O
gold	B-CHED
standard	O
for	O
respiratory	O
support	O
for	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
(	O
AVB	O
).	O

Although	O
oxygen	B-CHED
delivery	O
via	O
high	O
flow	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
(	O
HFNC	O
)	O
is	O
increasingly	O
used	O
,	O
evidence	O
of	O
its	O
efficacy	O
and	O
safety	O
is	O
lacking	O
in	O
infants	O
.	O

To	O
examine	O
this	O
question	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
4	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
:	O
human	B-SPEC
immature	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
and	O
NIH3T3	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
either	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
or	O
2	O
internalization	O
-	O
deficient	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
mutants	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
either	O
the	O
3	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
internalization	O
motifs	O
are	O
silenced	O
by	O
alanine	B-CHED
substitutions	O
or	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
region	I-ANAT
is	O
truncated	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
all	O
3	O
DC	O
-	O
SIGN	O
molecules	O
on	O
NIH3T3	O
cells	B-COMP
supported	O
cell	B-COMP
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
on	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
repair	B-PROC
following	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
patients	O
were	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
acute	O
febrile	B-PROC
respiratory	O
illness	O
,	O
initially	O
managed	O
as	O
potential	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
were	O
eventually	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
highlight	O
the	O
significant	O
role	O
that	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
play	O
in	O
CF	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
argue	O
that	O
these	O
pathogens	O
represent	O
an	O
under	O
-	O
exploited	O
target	O
in	O
the	O
battle	O
to	O
control	O
patients	O
'	O
symptoms	O
and	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
first	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
in	O
June	O
2012	O
in	O
Jeddah	O
,	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

-	O
The	O
Impact	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
has	O
on	O
the	O
Health	O
of	O
Paramedics	O
:	O
A	O
Scoping	O
Review	O
.	O

Contraction	B-DISO
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
is	O
generally	O
low	O
;	O
exceptions	O
to	O
this	O
are	O
MRSA	B-DISO
colonization	O
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

While	O
the	O
enzymatic	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
and	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
of	O
nsp15	O
are	O
well	O
defined	O
,	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
replication	O
remains	O
elusive	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
nsp15	O
interacted	O
with	O
RTC	O
-	O
associated	O
proteins	B-CHED
nsp8	O
and	O
nsp12	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
this	O
interaction	O
was	O
RNA	O
independent	O
.	O

We	O
set	O
out	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
contribution	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
causation	O
of	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
AECOPD	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
calls	O
for	O
prompt	O
investigation	O
during	O
an	O
exacerbation	O
for	O
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
obviate	O
inappropriate	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
use	O
and	O
institute	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
amenable	O
to	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

These	O
two	O
diagnoses	O
should	O
be	O
promptly	O
investigated	O
and	O
systematically	O
treated	O
in	O
lung	O
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neurovirulent	B-PRGE
Murine	I-PRGE
Coronavirus	I-PRGE
JHM	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
SD	I-PRGE
Uses	I-PRGE
Cellular	B-COMP
Zinc	B-CHED
Metalloproteases	I-PRGE
for	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Entry	O
and	O
Cell	O
-	O
Cell	B-COMP
Fusion	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
requires	O
cleavage	B-PROC
by	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
proteases	O
to	O
mediate	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-COMP
and	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
.	O

Suppression	B-DISO
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
by	O
metalloprotease	B-PRGE
inhibition	B-PROC
varied	O
among	O
tested	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
and	O
MHV	B-SPEC
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
role	O
for	O
metalloprotease	B-PRGE
use	O
in	O
strain	O
-	O
dependent	O
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
zinc	B-PRGE
metalloproteases	I-PRGE
must	O
be	O
considered	O
potential	O
contributors	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
fusion	O
.	O

Cases	O
were	O
analysed	O
for	O
general	O
characteristics	O
,	O
exposure	O
source	O
,	O
timeline	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
generation	O
.	O

Compounds	O
2	O
,	O
12	O
,	O
and	O
17	O
were	O
selected	O
and	O
investigated	O
for	O
their	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
proteins	B-CHED
required	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

While	O
prior	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
suggested	O
benefit	O
for	O
HFOV	O
,	O
updated	O
systematic	O
reviews	O
published	O
this	O
year	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
two	O
large	O
recent	O
clinical	O
trials	O
,	O
now	O
show	O
no	O
statistically	O
significant	O
impact	O
of	O
HFOV	O
on	O
mortality	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
HFOV	O
would	O
be	O
safer	O
and	O
more	O
effective	O
with	O
a	O
more	O
individualized	O
approach	O
to	O
setting	O
mean	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
mPaw	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
endonuclease	O
-	O
mediated	O
evasion	O
of	O
RNA	O
sensing	O
ensures	O
efficient	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

The	O
advent	O
of	O
new	O
diagnostic	O
technologies	O
,	O
particularly	O
multiplex	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
,	O
have	O
increased	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
adults	O
.	O

The	O
transmission	O
route	O
and	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
other	O
intermediary	O
animal	B-SPEC
sources	O
remain	O
uncertain	O
among	O
many	O
sporadic	O
primary	O
cases	O
.	O

Clinical	O
trial	O
options	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
include	O
monotherapy	O
and	O
combination	O
therapy	O
.	O

Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
(	O
APACHE	O
)	O
scores	O
and	O
several	O
plasma	B-ANAT
biological	O
markers	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
to	O
predict	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
or	O
treatment	O
outcome	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
induced	O
ALI	O
.	O

The	O
relative	O
plasma	B-ANAT
miR	O
-	O
155	O
and	O
miR	O
-	O
146a	O
concentrations	O
were	O
significantly	O
increased	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
cases	O
of	O
ALI	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
control	O
subjects	O
.	O

Primary	O
duodenal	B-DISO
ulcers	I-DISO
are	O
rare	O
in	O
children	O
but	O
stress	O
induced	O
ulceration	B-DISO
in	O
stomach	B-ANAT
occurs	O
more	O
often	O
in	O
neonatal	O
period	O
due	O
to	O
birth	B-DISO
asphyxia	I-DISO
,	O
prolonged	B-DISO
labour	I-DISO
,	O
cesarean	O
deliveries	O
,	O
instrumentations	O
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
neonate	O
with	O
stress	O
induced	O
gastric	B-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
following	O
birth	B-DISO
asphyxia	I-DISO
who	O
presented	O
with	O
massive	B-DISO
gastrointestinal	I-DISO
bleed	I-DISO
manifesting	O
as	O
hematemesis	B-DISO
and	O
massive	O
rectal	B-DISO
bleeding	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Postpneumonectomy	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ppARDS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
condition	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
disastrous	O
prognosis	O
.	O

In	O
all	O
nidoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
domain	O
is	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
conserved	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
coined	O
NiRAN	O
(	O
nidovirus	B-SPEC
RdRp	B-FUNC
-	O
associated	O
nucleotidyl	B-PRGE
transferase	I-PRGE
).	O

Understanding	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
behaviour	B-PROC
and	O
interactions	O
during	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
subsequent	O
processing	O
will	O
be	O
key	O
to	O
rationalising	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
success	O
of	O
nidoviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
strategies	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
studies	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
glycyrrhizin	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
major	O
component	O
of	O
licorice	B-SPEC
root	B-ANAT
extracts	O
,	O
could	O
moderately	O
inhibit	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
when	O
analyzed	O
by	O
western	O
blot	O
,	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
a	O
plaque	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
assay	O
.	O

Pen	O
feed	O
intake	O
and	O
BW	O
were	O
recorded	O
on	O
dpi	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
5	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
weekly	O
thereafter	O
until	O
dpi	O
42	O
.	O

Control	O
pigs	B-SPEC
remained	O
negative	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
PDCoV	O
throughout	O
the	O
experiment	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
further	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
longitudinal	O
impact	O
swine	B-SPEC
enteric	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
on	O
growing	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Immunodeficiency	B-DISO
is	O
both	O
a	O
preexisting	O
condition	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
mortality	O
in	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Univariable	O
logistic	O
regression	O
evaluated	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
pediatric	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
and	O
PICU	B-SPEC
mortality	O
.	O

Nonsurvivors	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
multiple	O
consecutive	O
days	O
at	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Length	O
of	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
length	O
of	O
PICU	B-SPEC
stay	O
,	O
and	O
mortality	O
increased	O
as	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
worsened	O
.	O

During	O
simulations	O
,	O
25	O
of	O
27	O
(	O
92	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
students	O
had	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
lapses	O
in	O
technique	O
and	O
12	O
(	O
44	O
%)	O
contaminated	O
their	O
skin	B-ANAT
with	O
fluorescent	O
lotion	O
.	O

For	O
100	O
residents	O
,	O
fellows	O
and	O
attending	O
physicians	O
representing	O
67	O
different	O
medical	O
schools	O
,	O
only	O
53	O
%	O
reported	O
receiving	O
training	O
in	O
use	O
of	O
PPE	B-CHED
and	O
only	O
39	O
%	O
selected	O
correct	O
donning	O
and	O
doffing	O
sequence	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
developed	O
a	O
severe	O
acute	O
distress	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
which	O
was	O
successfully	O
supported	O
by	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
treated	O
with	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
survival	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
ECMO	O
-	O
transport	B-PROC
group	O
was	O
comparable	O
to	O
the	O
conventional	O
transport	B-PROC
or	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
transport	B-PROC
group	O
(	O
both	O
p	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
000	O
).	O

A	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
survey	O
was	O
conducted	O
using	O
the	O
Gulf	O
Indicators	O
(	O
GI	O
)	O
smartphone	O
app	B-CHED
among	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
six	O
GCC	O
countries	O
,	O
namely	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
Kuwait	O
,	O
the	O
United	O
Arab	O
Emirates	O
,	O
Qatar	O
,	O
Bahrain	O
,	O
and	O
Oman	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
WHO	O
Consensus	O
Document	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
included	O
a	O
report	O
on	O
a	O
concentrated	O
outbreak	O
in	O
one	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
housing	O
block	O
which	O
was	O
considered	O
a	O
'	O
super	O
-	O
spreading	O
event	O
'.	O

A	O
sanitary	O
plumbing	O
system	O
was	O
built	O
,	O
representing	O
two	O
floors	O
of	O
a	O
building	O
,	O
with	O
simulated	O
toilet	O
flushes	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
lower	O
floor	O
and	O
a	O
sterile	B-DISO
chamber	B-ANAT
with	O
extractor	O
fan	O
on	O
the	O
floor	O
above	O
.	O

Empty	O
U	O
-	O
traps	B-DISO
allowed	O
aerosolised	O
pathogens	O
to	O
enter	O
the	O
chamber	B-ANAT
,	O
encouraging	O
cross	O
-	O
transmission	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
to	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
implementation	O
of	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
(	O
IPC	B-CHED
)	O
measures	O
during	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
tertiary	O
hospital	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Rapid	O
response	O
teams	O
conducted	O
repeated	O
assessments	O
of	O
IPC	B-CHED
and	O
monitored	O
implementation	O
of	O
corrective	O
measures	O
using	O
a	O
detailed	O
structured	O
checklist	O
.	O

The	O
SAR	B-CHED
/	O
10	O
,	O
000	O
dropped	O
from	O
75	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
55	O
-	O
99	O
)	O
in	O
phase	O
I	O
to	O
29	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
17	O
-	O
46	O
)	O
and	O
3	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
-	O
17	O
)	O
in	O
phases	O
II	O
and	O
III	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
can	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
from	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
beings	O
.	O

Although	O
MERS	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
30	O
%	O
case	O
fatality	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
beings	O
,	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
is	O
usually	O
asymptomatic	O
.	O

No	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
or	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
camelids	O
other	O
than	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
504	O
/	O
5247	O
horses	B-SPEC
(	O
9	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
horses	B-SPEC
tested	O
seropositive	O
.	O

Survival	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
was	O
58	O
%	O
for	O
VV	O
ECMO	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
43	O
%	O
for	O
VA	O
ECMO	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
are	O
large	O
ribonucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
RNA	O
)	O
viruses	B-SPEC
causing	O
primarily	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

With	O
increasing	O
numbers	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
deaths	B-PROC
from	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
reliable	O
kit	B-FUNC
was	O
crucial	O
to	O
prevent	O
further	O
spread	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
two	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assays	O
for	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
rapid	O
and	O
sensitive	O
diagnostic	O
testing	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
detecting	O
the	O
regions	O
upstream	O
of	O
the	O
envelope	B-COMP
gene	O
(	O
upE	O
)	O
and	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
(	O
ORF	O
)	O
1b	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
for	O
initial	O
screening	O
and	O
final	O
confirmation	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
recommended	O
by	O
the	O
world	O
health	O
organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
are	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
cause	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
with	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
of	O
limited	O
duration	O
.	O

The	O
rate	O
of	O
nonsynonymous	O
mutations	O
was	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
isolates	O
than	O
in	O
hepatitis	B-PATH
C	I-PATH
(	O
HCV	B-SPEC
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
genotype	O
1a	O
isolates	O
analyzed	O
for	O
comparison	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
necrotizing	I-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
commonly	O
presents	O
as	O
pancreatic	B-DISO
abscess	I-DISO
occasionally	O
with	O
systemic	O
complications	O
.	O

A	O
computerized	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
scan	O
confirmed	O
necrotizing	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
with	O
multiple	B-DISO
abscesses	I-DISO
spreading	O
bilaterally	O
in	O
the	O
pelvic	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mental	O
health	O
status	O
of	O
people	O
isolated	O
due	O
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
experiencing	O
anxiety	O
symptoms	O
and	O
anger	O
at	O
four	O
to	O
six	O
months	O
after	O
release	B-PATH
included	O
symptoms	O
related	O
to	O
MERS	O
during	O
isolation	O
,	O
inadequate	O
supplies	O
(	O
food	O
,	O
clothes	O
,	O
accommodation	O
),	O
social	O
networking	O
activities	O
(	O
email	O
,	O
text	O
,	O
Internet	O
),	O
history	O
of	O
psychiatric	O
illnesses	O
,	O
and	O
financial	O
loss	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
second	O
experiment	O
,	O
another	O
two	O
groups	O
were	O
established	O
by	O
transfusion	O
with	O
either	O
mtDNA	B-COMP
(	O
mtDNA	B-COMP
group	O
)	O
or	O
phosphate	B-CHED
-	O
buffered	O
saline	O
(	O
phosphate	B-CHED
-	O
buffered	O
saline	O
group	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
primarily	O
replicates	O
in	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
inducing	O
both	O
morphological	O
and	O
immune	O
modulatory	O
changes	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
compared	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
profile	O
of	O
genes	O
related	O
to	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
tracheal	O
samples	O
after	O
challenge	O
with	O
two	O
Brazilian	O
field	O
isolates	O
(	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
)	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
same	O
genotype	O
,	O
associating	O
these	O
responses	O
with	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
with	O
pathological	O
changes	O
in	O
trachea	B-DISO
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
detected	O
a	O
suppressive	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
early	O
activation	O
of	O
TLR7	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
followed	O
by	O
lower	O
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
related	O
genes	O
induced	O
by	O
challenge	O
with	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
B	O
isolate	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
challenge	O
with	O
to	O
the	O
IBV	O
A	O
isolate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Doxycycline	B-CHED
Induces	O
Mitophagy	B-PROC
and	O
Suppresses	O
Production	O
of	O
Interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
in	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
Cells	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
delta	O
total	O
nucleated	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
ΔTNC	O
)	O
measurement	O
with	O
the	O
Sysmex	O
XT	O
-	O
2000iV	O
(	O
Sysmex	O
Europe	O
,	O
Norderstedt	O
,	O
Germany	O
)	O
has	O
high	O
diagnostic	O
accuracy	O
on	O
effusions	B-DISO
in	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
cases	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
test	O
can	O
be	O
performed	O
only	O
on	O
fresh	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

The	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
content	O
,	O
number	O
of	O
added	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
magnitude	O
of	O
dilution	O
were	O
also	O
investigated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Inborn	O
errors	O
of	O
cobalamin	O
(	O
Cbl	B-PRGE
)	O
metabolism	B-PROC
form	O
a	O
large	O
group	O
of	O
rare	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

One	O
of	O
these	O
,	O
Cbl	B-PRGE
deficiency	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
(	O
CblC	B-PRGE
),	O
is	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
cause	O
of	O
thrombotic	B-DISO
microangiopathy	I-DISO
(	O
TMA	B-CHED
),	O
especially	O
in	O
infants	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
only	O
been	O
a	O
single	O
published	O
case	O
of	O
TMA	B-CHED
associated	O
to	O
Cbl	B-PRGE
deficiency	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
(	O
CblG	B-PRGE
),	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
methionine	B-DISO
synthase	I-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
(	O
MSD	B-DISO
).	O

Further	O
examination	O
revealed	O
signs	O
of	O
TMA	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
progressed	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
).	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
frequency	O
,	O
timing	O
,	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
extrapulmonary	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
and	O
the	O
independent	O
association	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
outcomes	O
in	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Secondary	O
observational	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
Randomized	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
Sedation	B-DISO
Titration	O
for	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
cluster	O
-	O
randomized	O
prospective	O
clinical	O
trial	O
conducted	O
between	O
2009	O
and	O
2013	O
.	O

The	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
regulating	O
emerging	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
pathogenesis	B-DISO
are	O
complex	O
and	O
include	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
associated	O
with	O
entry	O
,	O
replication	O
,	O
egress	O
and	O
innate	O
immune	O
control	O
.	O

Epigenetic	O
modifications	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
histone	B-PATH
modifications	I-PATH
,	O
DNA	B-PROC
methylation	I-PROC
,	O
chromatin	B-PROC
remodeling	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
coding	O
RNAs	O
,	O
function	O
as	O
important	O
regulators	O
that	O
remodel	O
host	B-COMP
chromatin	B-COMP
,	O
altering	O
host	B-COMP
expression	B-PROC
patterns	O
and	O
networks	O
in	O
a	O
highly	O
flexible	O
manner	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Jumping	O
species	B-SPEC
-	O
a	O
mechanism	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
persistence	O
and	O
survival	O
.	O

For	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
),	O
broad	O
diversity	O
exists	O
within	O
bat	B-ENZY
populations	O
and	O
uniquely	O
positions	O
them	O
to	O
seed	O
future	O
emergence	O
events	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
program	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
adults	O
.	O

In	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
recent	O
significant	O
hospital	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
including	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
have	O
resulted	O
from	O
lack	O
of	O
,	O
or	O
breakdown	B-DISO
in	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
procedures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
""""	O
Your	O
Health	O
Essential	O
for	O
Your	O
Hajj	O
""":"	O
Muslim	O
pilgrims	O
'	O
knowledge	O
,	O
attitudes	O
and	O
practices	O
regarding	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
during	O
Hajj	O
season	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
for	O
emerging	O
virulent	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
Encoded	O
Small	B-PRGE
RNAs	I-PRGE
Contribute	O
to	O
Infection	B-DISO
-	O
Associated	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Pathology	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serologic	O
Evidence	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Infection	B-DISO
in	O
Dromedary	B-SPEC
Camels	B-SPEC
,	O
Punjab	O
,	O
Pakistan	O
,	O
2012	O
-	O
2015	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
report	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
nsp	O
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
to	O
detect	O
an	O
antibody	B-COMP
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

When	O
support	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
failed	O
,	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
was	O
initiated	O
.	O

ECMO	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
were	O
discontinued	O
by	O
day	O
-	O
7	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
recovered	O
with	O
no	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
ARDS	B-DISO
sequelae	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Heat	B-PROC
shock	I-PROC
protein	B-CHED
70	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
of	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
receptor	O
-	O
associated	O
protein	O
that	O
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
this	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
in	O
a	O
different	O
strain	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
interact	O
with	O
it	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
12	O
healthy	O
male	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
weighing	O
12	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
kg	O
,	O
were	O
randomly	O
and	O
equally	O
assigned	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
and	O
experimental	O
groups	O
.	O

The	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
κB	I-PRGE
p65	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
content	O
of	O
the	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
was	O
also	O
detected	O
using	O
western	O
blot	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2012	O
,	O
a	O
Dog	B-SPEC
circovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
DogCV	O
)	O
was	O
discovered	O
in	O
the	O
USA	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
further	O
descriptions	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
USA	O
,	O
Italy	O
and	O
Germany	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
DogCV	O
in	O
faeces	B-ANAT
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
from	O
Germany	O
and	O
other	O
European	O
countries	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
pathology	B-DISO
of	O
rhesus	B-SPEC
macaque	I-SPEC
and	O
common	B-SPEC
marmoset	I-SPEC
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Although	O
Thai	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
evolved	O
into	O
6	O
subgroups	O
(	O
TH1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
),	O
Subgroup	O
TH1	O
strains	O
with	O
the	O
unique	O
9	O
nucleotides	O
(	O
CAA	B-PRGE
GGG	B-CHED
AAT	B-FUNC
)	O
insertion	O
between	O
688th	O
-	O
689th	O
position	O
of	O
spike	O
(	O
changing	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
from	O
N	O
to	O
TREY	O
)	O
insertion	O
has	O
become	O
the	O
dominant	O
subgroup	O
since	O
2014	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
after	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
surgery	O
:	O
a	O
multicenter	O
retrospective	O
study	O
:	O
SAPRONADONF	O
(	O
Study	O
of	O
Ards	O
and	O
PRONe	O
position	O
After	O
abDOmiNal	B-ANAT
surgery	O
in	O
France	O
).	O

Our	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
surgical	O
complications	O
between	O
patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
prone	O
position	O
after	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
surgery	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
a	O
multicenter	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
context	O
of	O
recent	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
surgery	O
.	O

Primary	O
outcome	O
was	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
surgical	O
complication	B-DISO
that	O
could	O
be	O
induced	O
or	O
worsened	O
by	O
prone	O
position	O
.	O

Secondary	O
outcomes	O
included	O
effects	O
of	O
prone	O
position	O
on	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Administration	O
of	O
naloxone	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
treatment	O
for	O
opioid	O
-	O
dependent	O
patients	O
who	O
present	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
20	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
morphine	B-CHED
-	O
addicted	O
man	B-CHED
who	O
presented	O
with	O
methadone	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
respiratory	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
and	O
responded	O
safely	O
and	O
effectively	O
to	O
intravenous	O
administration	O
of	O
buprenorphine	B-CHED
.	O

Buprenorphine	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
a	O
useful	O
alternative	O
opioid	O
reversal	O
agent	O
for	O
opioid	O
-	O
dependent	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
first	O
discovered	O
in	O
late	O
2012	O
and	O
has	O
gone	O
on	O
to	O
cause	O
over	O
1800	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
650	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
protection	O
induced	O
by	O
vaccination	O
with	O
a	O
recombinant	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
S	O
nanoparticle	B-CHED
vaccine	O
and	O
Matrix	O
-	O
M1	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
combination	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
Influenza	B-DISO
Epidemiological	O
and	O
Virological	O
Characteristics	O
between	O
Outpatients	O
and	O
Inpatients	O
in	O
Zhejiang	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
March	O
2011	O
-	O
June	O
2015	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
use	O
the	O
surveillance	O
data	O
collected	O
from	O
16	O
sentinel	O
hospitals	O
across	O
Zhejiang	O
Province	O
during	O
March	O
2011	O
through	O
June	O
2015	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
demographic	O
information	O
and	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
from	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
ILI	O
)	O
patients	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
(	O
SARI	O
)	O
patients	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
hemorrhagic	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
of	I-DISO
infancy	I-DISO
(	O
AHEI	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
benign	O
type	O
of	O
small	O
-	O
vessel	B-ANAT
leukocytoclastic	B-DISO
vasculitis	I-DISO
that	O
presents	O
with	O
progressive	O
purpura	B-DISO
and	O
has	O
an	O
excellent	O
prognosis	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
filtered	O
the	O
significantly	O
expressed	B-PROC
genes	O
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
using	O
mRNA	B-CHED
microarray	O
analysis	O
.	O

Future	O
directions	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
MERS	O
and	O
other	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
investigations	O
are	O
also	O
highlighted	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
is	O
theoretically	O
beneficial	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
protection	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
clinical	O
trials	O
are	O
inconsistent	O
,	O
with	O
study	O
-	O
level	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
suggesting	O
no	O
significant	O
effect	O
on	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
is	O
mediated	O
by	O
immune	O
activation	O
and	O
severe	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Detailed	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
cleaved	B-ANAT
signal	B-PRGE
transducer	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
activator	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
STAT2	B-PRGE
)	O
but	O
not	O
Janus	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
JAK1	B-PRGE
),	O
tyrosine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
TYK2	B-PRGE
),	O
STAT1	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
(	O
IRF9	B-PRGE
),	O
key	O
molecules	O
of	O
the	O
JAK	B-PROC
-	O
STAT	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
flexibility	O
was	O
evident	O
in	O
either	O
the	O
free	O
form	O
or	O
when	O
bound	O
with	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
derived	O
our	O
model	O
using	O
individual	O
data	O
from	O
478	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
patients	O
and	O
assessed	O
its	O
replicability	O
in	O
a	O
separate	O
cohort	O
of	O
300	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
exceeded	O
30	O
kg	O
/	O
m2	O
in	O
227	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sagittal	B-ANAT
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
CT	O
measurements	O
in	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
asthma	B-PATH
-	O
COPD	B-DISO
overlap	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
distinctive	O
phenotype	O
from	O
COPD	O
alone	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
at	O
investigating	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
sagittal	B-ANAT
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
measurements	O
in	O
differentiating	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
asthma	B-PATH
-	O
COPD	B-DISO
overlap	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ACOS	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
potential	O
for	O
infection	O
by	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
serious	O
concern	O
with	O
the	O
recent	O
emergence	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

N	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
Acetylcysteine	I-CHED
(	O
NAC	B-COMP
)	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
reduce	O
endotoxin	O
-	O
induced	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

To	O
assess	O
the	O
clinical	O
relevance	O
of	O
the	O
relation	O
between	O
viral	O
load	O
,	O
determined	O
by	O
cycle	O
threshold	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
value	O
of	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assays	O
and	O
disease	O
severity	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
single	O
-	O
and	O
multiple	O
viral	O
ARI	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Peritonsillar	B-DISO
abscess	I-DISO
:	O
clinical	O
aspects	O
of	O
microbiology	O
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
association	O
with	O
parapharyngeal	O
abscess	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
smoking	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
peritonsillar	B-DISO
abscess	I-DISO
(	O
PTA	B-DISO
)	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
although	O
the	O
magnitude	O
of	O
the	O
association	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
estimated	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
three	O
accepted	O
methods	O
of	O
surgical	O
intervension	O
:	O
needle	O
aspiration	B-DISO
,	O
incision	B-ANAT
and	O
drainage	B-ANAT
(	O
ID	O
),	O
and	O
acute	O
tonsillectomy	O
(	O
á	O
chaud	O
).	O

Culturing	O
of	O
PTA	B-DISO
pus	B-CHED
aspirates	B-ANAT
often	O
yields	O
a	O
polymicrobial	O
mixture	B-CHED
of	O
aerobes	O
and	O
anaerobes	O
.	O

The	O
trend	O
towards	O
de	O
-	O
escalated	O
surgical	O
intervention	O
and	O
increasing	O
reliance	O
on	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
require	O
studies	O
defining	O
the	O
significant	O
pathogens	O
in	O
PTA	B-DISO
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
determine	O
optimal	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
regimens	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
increasing	O
levels	O
(	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
-	O
fold	O
)	O
of	O
anti	O
-	O
FN	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
eight	O
of	O
11	O
FN	O
-	O
positive	O
(	O
in	O
the	O
tonsillar	B-ANAT
cultures	O
)	O
PTA	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
significantly	O
more	O
frequent	O
compared	O
to	O
none	O
of	O
four	O
FN	O
-	O
negative	O
PTA	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
nine	O
of	O
47	O
electively	O
tonsillectomized	O
controls	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
026	O
and	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
bacteremia	B-DISO
during	O
elective	O
tonsillectomy	O
was	O
at	O
least	O
as	O
prevalent	O
as	O
bacteremia	B-DISO
during	O
quinsy	B-DISO
tonsillectomy	O
,	O
which	O
challenges	O
the	O
distinction	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
European	O
Society	O
of	O
Cardiology	O
between	O
quinsy	B-DISO
and	O
elective	O
tonsillectomy	O
,	O
namely	O
that	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
prophylaxis	O
is	O
only	O
recommended	O
to	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
procedures	O
to	O
treat	O
an	O
established	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
PTA	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
anti	O
-	O
FN	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
FN	O
-	O
positive	O
PTA	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
survival	O
time	O
from	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
PI	O
treatment	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
diagnosed	O
with	O
dry	B-DISO
FIP	I-DISO
showed	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
60	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
dry	B-DISO
FIP	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
PI	O
,	O
8	O
survived	O
over	O
200	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
of	O
60	O
survived	O
over	O
300	O
days	O
.	O

A	O
literature	O
search	O
identified	O
59	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
non	O
-	O
effusive	O
or	O
dry	B-DISO
FIP	I-DISO
;	O
no	O
cat	O
with	O
only	O
dry	B-DISO
FIP	I-DISO
lived	O
longer	O
than	O
200	O
days	O
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
has	O
become	O
predominant	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
PDVAC	O
has	O
also	O
supported	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
efforts	O
against	O
important	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
,	O
including	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
current	O
situation	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

The	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
multiple	O
introductions	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
into	O
humans	B-SPEC
from	O
an	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoir	O
,	O
probably	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
and	O
molecular	O
characterisation	O
of	O
Halicephalobus	B-SPEC
gingivalis	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
of	O
a	O
horse	B-SPEC
in	O
Piedmont	O
,	O
Italy	O
.	O

At	O
post	O
-	O
mortem	O
examination	O
no	O
skin	B-ANAT
lesions	O
were	O
observed	O
,	O
all	O
organs	B-ANAT
appeared	O
normal	O
on	O
gross	O
evaluation	O
and	O
only	O
head	B-ANAT
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
further	O
investigated	O
.	O

WN	O
surveillance	O
can	O
help	O
to	O
deepen	O
our	O
knowledge	O
of	O
horse	B-SPEC
neurological	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
investigating	O
their	O
causes	O
and	O
incidence	O
.	O

Overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
occludin	B-PRGE
in	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
makes	O
them	O
more	O
susceptible	O
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
whereas	O
ablation	O
of	O
occludin	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
by	O
use	O
of	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNA	O
(	O
siRNA	O
)	O
in	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
significantly	O
reduces	O
their	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
field	O
isolates	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
characterised	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
variant	O
JSCZ1601	O
from	O
a	O
outbreak	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
2016	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
continues	O
to	O
raise	O
worldwide	O
concerns	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
pandemic	O
potential	O
.	O

CASE	O
REPORT	O
A	O
76	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
presented	O
with	O
acute	O
onset	O
of	O
diaphoresis	B-DISO
and	O
altered	B-DISO
mental	I-DISO
status	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Open	O
lung	B-ANAT
strategy	O
during	O
ARDS	B-DISO
aims	O
to	O
decrease	O
the	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
by	O
minimizing	O
the	O
atelectrauma	O
and	O
stress	O
/	O
strain	O
maldistribution	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
considered	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
and	O
relatively	O
little	O
attention	O
has	O
been	O
paid	O
to	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
hPIVs	O
).	O

Alternative	O
ventilator	O
strategies	O
include	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
ventilation	O
and	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
histopathological	O
lesions	O
and	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
antigens	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
gut	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
P100	B-PRGE
and	O
above	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
P95C13	O
(	O
CCL81	O
),	O
was	O
markedly	O
reduced	O
in	O
4	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
,	O
caesarian	O
-	O
derived	O
,	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
-	O
deprived	O
piglets	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
virulent	O
viruses	B-SPEC
[	O
P3	O
and	O
P95C13	O
(	O
CCL81	O
)]	O
had	O
one	O
,	O
one	O
,	O
sixteen	O
(	O
including	O
an	O
early	O
termination	O
of	O
nine	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
)	O
and	O
two	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
differences	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
structure	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
),	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
,	O
spike	O
and	O
membrane	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
fully	O
attenuated	O
P160	O
.	O

Two	O
strains	O
,	O
RVA	O
/	O
Cow	B-SPEC
-	O
wt	O
/	O
TUR	O
/	O
Amasya	O
-	O
1	O
/	O
2015	O
/	O
G8P	O
[	O
5	O
]	O
and	O
RVA	O
/	O
Cow	B-SPEC
-	O
wt	O
/	O
TUR	B-PRGE
/	O
Amasya	O
-	O
2	O
/	O
2015	O
/	O
G8P	O
[	O
5	O
]	O
were	O
genotyped	O
as	O
G8	O
-	O
P	O
[	O
5	O
]-	O
I2	O
-	O
R2	O
-	O
C2	O
-	O
M2	O
-	O
A3	O
-	O
N2	O
-	O
T6	O
-	O
E2	O
-	O
H3	O
and	O
showed	O
>	O
99	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
identity	O
among	O
themselves	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Observational	O
research	O
focused	O
upon	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
has	O
been	O
challenging	O
to	O
quickly	O
initiate	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
some	O
pathogens	O
,	O
including	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
have	O
evolved	O
unique	O
trick	O
to	O
escape	O
or	O
exploit	O
autophagy	B-PROC
.	O

CQ	O
treatment	O
enhanced	O
the	O
LC3	O
lipidation	O
in	O
PHEV	O
-	O
infected	O
Neuro	O
-	O
2a	O
cells	B-COMP
but	O
lowered	O
PHEV	O
replication	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
PHEV	O
infection	B-DISO
induces	O
atypical	O
autophagy	B-PROC
and	O
causes	O
the	O
appearance	O
of	O
autophagosomes	O
but	O
blocks	O
the	O
fusion	O
with	O
lysosomes	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
is	O
necessary	O
for	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
PHEV	O
in	O
nerve	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Agreement	O
Among	O
4	O
Sampling	O
Methods	O
to	O
Identify	O
Respiratory	O
Pathogens	O
in	O
Dairy	O
Calves	O
with	O
Acute	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
Respiratory	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
.	O

Agreement	O
among	O
TTW	O
and	O
NS	O
,	O
TTW	O
and	O
NPS	O
,	O
and	O
TTW	O
and	O
BAL	B-ENZY
,	O
was	O
very	O
good	O
for	O
identification	O
of	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
multocida	I-SPEC
,	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
haemolytica	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bovis	I-SPEC
.	O

Receiver	O
operating	O
characteristic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
an	O
ISI	O
of	O
≥	O
8	O
predicted	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
positive	O
predictive	O
value	O
of	O
>	O
80	O
%	O
for	O
RVI	O
caused	O
by	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
while	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
predictive	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
RVI	O
occurred	O
year	O
-	O
round	O
in	O
our	O
tropical	O
transplant	B-ANAT
center	O
,	O
with	O
peaks	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
and	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
year	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
is	O
still	O
a	O
huge	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
-	O
wide	O
public	O
health	O
.	O

We	O
analysed	O
the	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
ORF3	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
using	O
nested	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
and	O
identified	O
an	O
ORF3a	O
deletion	O
in	O
three	O
field	O
strains	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
collected	O
from	O
piglets	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
2015	O
.	O

We	O
observed	O
that	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
replication	O
with	O
spray	O
vaccination	O
matches	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
eye	B-ANAT
drop	O
vaccination	O
when	O
chicks	O
received	O
100	O
times	O
the	O
standard	O
dose	O
for	O
the	O
commercial	O
ArkDPI	O
vaccine	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
minimum	O
infectious	B-DISO
dose	O
for	O
the	O
ArkDPI	O
vaccine	O
using	O
a	O
hatchery	O
spray	O
cabinet	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
this	O
minor	O
subpopulation	O
reaching	B-PROC
the	O
chicks	O
.	O

When	O
tested	O
in	O
the	O
2	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
pig	B-SPEC
model	O
,	O
rBJ2011C	O
caused	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
of	O
piglets	O
with	O
extensive	O
damages	O
to	O
the	O
intestinal	O
epithelium	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
100	O
%	O
fatality	O
within	O
48	O
hours	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nanomedicine	O
for	O
the	O
Treatment	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
2016	O
ATS	B-DISO
Bear	B-SPEC
Cage	O
Award	O
-	O
winning	O
Proposal	O
.	O

A	O
look	O
back	B-ANAT
at	O
virus	B-SPEC
detection	O
results	O
in	O
NPWs	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
83	O
individuals	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
tonsillectomy	O
revealed	O
that	O
73	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
61	O
/	O
83	O
)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
RV	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
agent	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
,	O
in	O
38	O
of	O
83	O
subjects	O
(	O
45	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
7	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
in	O
6	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
3	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
1	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

Remarkably	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
detection	O
of	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
HAdV	O
)	O
or	O
human	B-PRGE
bocavirus	I-PRGE
(	O
HBoV	O
)	O
in	O
asymptomatic	O
individuals	O
in	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
adenotonsillectomy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
of	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
deubiquitinating	B-PROC
activity	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
exhibits	O
strong	O
global	O
DUB	O
activity	O
with	O
significant	O
reductions	O
of	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
(	O
Ub	O
)-,	O
K48	O
-,	O
and	O
K63	O
-	O
conjugated	B-CHED
proteins	I-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracellular	B-ANAT
matrix	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
induced	O
by	O
neuropathogenic	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
infection	O
with	O
an	O
extremely	O
neurovirulent	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
cl	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
ER	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TR7	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
(	O
ERag	O
)-	O
positive	O
fibers	O
(	O
ERfibs	O
)	O
associated	O
with	O
laminin	B-PRGE
and	O
collagen	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
show	O
a	O
rapid	O
increase	O
in	O
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
in	O
the	O
meninges	B-ANAT
,	O
followed	O
by	O
an	O
appearance	O
of	O
the	O
antigens	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
ventricle	B-ANAT
and	O
brain	B-ANAT
parenchyma	B-ANAT
.	O

Then	O
,	O
cl	O
-	O
2	O
invades	O
the	O
ventricle	B-ANAT
and	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
along	O
the	O
newly	O
assembled	O
ERfibs	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
using	O
them	O
as	O
a	O
pathway	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
meninges	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
initial	O
site	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
parenchyma	B-ANAT
,	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
were	O
found	O
to	O
produce	O
the	O
main	O
components	O
of	O
mature	O
ERfibs	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
collagen	B-ANAT
,	O
laminin	B-PRGE
and	O
ERag	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
organs	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
parenchymal	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
produce	O
interferon	B-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
after	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
spite	O
of	O
their	O
residence	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
sites	O
of	O
viral	O
invasion	B-DISO
were	O
surrounded	O
by	O
ERfibs	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
closely	O
associated	O
with	O
astrocytic	B-ANAT
fibers	O
.	O

Pigs	B-SPEC
do	O
not	O
recapitulate	O
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
are	O
unlikely	O
to	O
constitute	O
a	O
reservoir	O
in	O
nature	O
.	O

Between	O
December	O
1	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
and	O
May	O
31	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
this	O
observational	O
study	O
recruited	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
our	O
tertiary	O
medical	O
center	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
Berlin	O
criteria	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
who	O
had	O
their	O
NT	O
-	O
proBNP	O
measured	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
22	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
22	I-FUNC
),	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
superfamily	B-SPEC
,	O
plays	O
essential	O
roles	O
in	O
fighting	O
against	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
microbial	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
maintaining	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
barrier	O
integrity	O
within	O
the	O
intestine	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
significant	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
22	I-FUNC
to	O
curtail	O
multiple	O
enteric	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
suggests	O
that	O
pIL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
22	I-PRGE
could	O
be	O
a	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
against	O
devastating	O
viral	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
have	O
collected	O
samples	O
from	O
Mallards	B-SPEC
(	O
Anas	B-SPEC
platyrhynchos	I-SPEC
)	O
residing	O
in	O
a	O
pond	O
in	O
central	O
Uppsala	O
,	O
Sweden	O
,	O
from	O
January	O
2013	O
to	O
January	O
2014	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
AstroV	O
might	O
be	O
a	O
larger	O
burden	O
to	O
urban	O
ducks	B-SPEC
than	O
IAV	O
,	O
and	O
should	O
be	O
better	O
assessed	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
degree	O
to	O
which	O
wild	O
birds	B-SPEC
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Mortality	O
rates	O
were	O
compared	O
among	O
HCT	O
recipients	O
with	O
LRTD	O
caused	O
by	O
HCoV	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
or	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
)	O
by	O
multivariable	O
Cox	O
regression	O
analysis	O
.	O

Among	O
23	O
available	O
BAL	B-ENZY
samples	O
,	O
48	O
%	O
were	O
strain	O
OC43	O
,	O
22	O
%	O
were	O
NL63	O
,	O
17	O
%	O
were	O
229E	O
,	O
and	O
13	O
%	O
were	O
HKU1	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
were	O
slightly	O
older	O
than	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
of	O
other	O
etiologies	O
(	O
51	O
[	O
48	O
-	O
56	O
]	O
vs	O
45	O
[	O
35	O
-	O
54	O
]),	O
but	O
with	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
severity	O
between	O
groups	O
:	O
Pao	B-PROC
In	O
Legionella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
refractory	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
ECMO	O
support	O
allowed	O
patient	O
stabilization	O
under	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
and	O
high	O
survival	O
rates	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
Characterization	O
of	O
Human	B-PRGE
Coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
Protein	B-CHED
.	O

It	O
is	O
estimated	O
that	O
1	O
to	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
suffers	B-DISO
annually	O
from	O
cold	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
symptoms	O
related	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
),	O
an	O
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
major	O
structural	O
component	O
of	O
the	O
capsid	B-ANAT
,	O
facilitates	O
RNA	O
packing	O
,	O
links	O
the	O
capsid	B-ANAT
to	O
the	O
envelope	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
is	O
also	O
involved	O
in	O
multiple	O
other	O
processes	O
,	O
including	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
evasion	O
of	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
expands	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
steps	O
of	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
interaction	O
and	O
may	O
facilitate	O
future	O
efforts	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
associated	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
ingested	O
as	O
an	O
oral	B-ANAT
prodrug	B-CHED
that	O
is	O
rapidly	O
metabolized	B-PROC
by	O
carboxylesterase	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
CES1	B-PRGE
)	O
to	O
its	O
active	O
form	O
,	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
carboxylate	B-CHED
.	O

An	O
open	O
-	O
label	B-CHED
,	O
two	O
-	O
period	O
,	O
one	O
-	O
sequence	O
,	O
multiple	O
-	O
dose	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
19	O
healthy	O
male	O
volunteers	O
.	O

Oseltamivir	B-CHED
(	O
75	O
mg	O
)	O
was	O
orally	B-ANAT
administered	O
on	O
Day	O
1	O
and	O
Day	O
8	O
,	O
and	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
(	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
mg	O
)	O
was	O
administered	O
once	O
daily	O
from	O
Day	O
3	O
to	O
Day	O
8	O
.	O

The	O
geometric	O
mean	O
ratio	O
(	O
90	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
metabolic	B-PROC
ratio	O
(	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
carboxylate	B-CHED
AUC	O
Coadministration	O
of	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
with	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
slightly	O
decreased	O
systemic	O
exposure	O
to	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
and	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
carboxylate	B-CHED
in	O
healthy	O
volunteers	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
coadministration	O
of	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
and	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
clinically	O
relevant	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
PK	O
of	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
;	O
based	O
on	O
these	O
results	O
,	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
coadministered	O
with	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Area	O
under	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
concentration	O
-	O
time	O
curve	O
(	O
AUC	O
)	O
of	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
and	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
carboxylate	B-CHED
decreased	O
after	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
treatment	O
for	O
6	O
days	O
.	O

Different	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
have	O
been	O
investigated	O
but	O
serious	O
safety	O
concerns	O
remain	O
over	O
protein	B-CHED
or	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
both	O
constructs	O
induced	O
cross	O
-	O
neutralizing	O
Abs	O
against	O
multiple	O
strains	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
camel	B-SPEC
origins	O
.	O

Oral	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
the	O
second	O
most	O
frequently	O
positive	O
(	O
35	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
rectal	O
swabs	O
(	O
28	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
highest	O
viral	O
load	O
,	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
cycle	O
threshold	O
(	O
Ct	O
)	O
value	O
of	O
11	O
.	O
27	O
,	O
was	O
obtained	O
from	O
a	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
.	O

All	O
tested	O
samples	O
from	O
domestic	O
animals	O
and	O
bats	B-SPEC
were	O
negative	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
except	O
one	O
sheep	B-SPEC
sample	O
which	O
showed	O
a	O
1	O
:	O
640	O
titre	O
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
neutralising	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
one	O
sheep	B-SPEC
apparently	O
in	O
contact	O
with	O
seropositive	O
camels	B-SPEC
calls	O
for	O
further	O
studies	O
on	O
domestic	O
animals	B-SPEC
in	O
contact	O
with	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
survey	O
the	O
baseline	O
status	O
of	O
the	O
emerging	O
and	O
endemic	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
programmes	O
of	O
the	O
Latin	O
American	O
and	O
the	O
Caribbean	O
(	O
LAC	B-CHED
)	O
countries	O
,	O
the	O
Pan	B-COMP
American	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
PAHO	O
)	O
conducted	O
a	O
survey	O
of	O
priority	O
emerging	O
and	O
endemic	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
,	O
countries	O
´	O
prioritization	O
criteria	O
and	O
methodologies	O
,	O
and	O
suggestions	O
to	O
strengthen	O
countries	O
capacities	O
and	O
regional	O
approaches	O
to	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
control	O
.	O

For	O
all	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
respondents	O
(	O
69	O
%)	O
ranked	O
their	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
Ministry	O
as	O
productive	O
or	O
very	O
productive	O
,	O
and	O
31	O
%	O
minimally	O
productive	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
inflammatory	O
chemokine	O
,	O
interferon	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
gamma	I-FUNC
inducible	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
10kDa	O
(	O
IP	O
-	O
10	O
),	O
is	O
a	O
biomarker	B-CHED
associated	O
with	O
several	O
conditions	O
.	O

Healthy	O
adults	O
ages	O
30	O
-	O
69	O
were	O
followed	O
for	O
a	O
single	O
season	O
for	O
ARI	B-CHED
incidence	O
and	O
severity	O
.	O

When	O
a	O
participant	O
reported	O
ARI	B-CHED
symptoms	O
,	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swab	O
and	O
lavage	O
for	O
PCR	O
-	O
based	O
viral	O
identification	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
collected	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
72h	O
of	O
ARI	B-CHED
symptoms	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Serum	B-COMP
IP	O
-	O
10	O
concentrations	O
from	O
225	O
ARI	B-CHED
episodes	O
correlated	O
with	O
ARI	B-CHED
global	O
severity	O
(	O
rho	O
0	O
.	O
28	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
15	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
39	O
];	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
Egypt	O
,	O
currently	O
two	O
geographically	O
restricted	O
genotypes	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
are	O
circulating	O
with	O
detrimental	O
effects	O
for	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
describe	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
requiring	O
prolonged	O
extra	O
corporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
support	O
in	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
postpartum	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Retrospective	O
investigation	O
and	O
evolutionary	O
analysis	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
strain	O
detected	O
in	O
Thailand	O
from	O
2008	O
to	O
2015	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
retrospective	O
investigation	O
of	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
in	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
piglets	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
Thailand	O
from	O
2008	O
to	O
2015	O
using	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Vaccination	O
of	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
rLaSota	O
-	O
S1	O
strain	O
induced	O
NDV	B-SPEC
hemagglutination	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
it	O
protected	O
chickens	B-SPEC
from	O
challenge	O
with	O
virulent	O
NDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Better	O
protection	O
efficiency	O
was	O
observed	O
after	O
a	O
booster	O
vaccination	O
,	O
which	O
resulted	O
in	O
higher	O
antibody	O
titers	O
,	O
significantly	O
fewer	O
disease	O
symptoms	O
,	O
and	O
reduced	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
shedding	O
.	O

Early	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
therapeutic	O
hypothermia	O
(	O
TH	O
)	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
viable	O
treatment	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
revealed	O
that	O
11	O
of	O
13	O
PDCoV	O
strains	O
belonged	O
to	O
Chinese	O
lineage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Patterns	O
of	O
Human	B-SPEC
Respiratory	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
Lack	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Patients	O
with	O
Acute	O
Upper	B-ANAT
Respiratory	I-ANAT
Tract	I-ANAT
Infections	I-DISO
in	O
Southwestern	O
Province	O
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
coinfection	O
was	O
not	O
uncommon	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
17	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
infected	O
patients	O
had	O
dual	O
infections	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
several	O
combinations	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
study	O
confirms	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
not	O
common	O
in	O
the	O
southwestern	O
region	O
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
and	O
shows	O
high	O
diversity	O
and	O
prevalence	O
of	O
other	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
examine	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
epidemic	O
containment	O
and	O
the	O
disease	O
dynamics	O
of	O
symptoms	O
and	O
infectiousness	O
for	O
seven	O
case	O
-	O
study	O
diseases	O
with	O
diverse	O
natural	O
histories	O
,	O
including	O
Ebola	O
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
A	I-PATH
,	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Compared	O
to	O
treatment	O
with	O
the	O
prototypical	O
inflammatory	O
cytokine	B-PRGE
interleukin	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
)-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
replication	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
attenuate	O
the	O
inducible	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
transcription	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
TF	O
)	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
and	O
to	O
restrict	O
the	O
nuclear	O
concentration	O
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
subunits	O
by	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
an	O
unusual	O
mechanism	O
involving	O
partial	O
degradation	O
of	O
IKKβ	O
,	O
NEMO	B-PRGE
and	O
IκBα	O
and	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
TNFAIP3	B-PRGE
(	O
A20	B-PRGE
),	O
although	O
constitutive	O
IKK	O
activity	O
and	O
basal	O
TNFAIP3	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
required	O
for	O
efficient	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Second	O
,	O
we	O
characterized	O
actively	O
transcribed	O
genomic	O
regions	O
and	O
enhancers	O
in	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
systematically	O
correlated	O
the	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
changes	O
with	O
the	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
Ser5	B-PRGE
-	O
phosphorylated	O
RNA	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
and	O
prototypical	O
histone	B-PATH
modifications	I-PATH
(	O
H3K9ac	O
,	O
H3K36ac	O
,	O
H4K5ac	O
,	O
H3K27ac	O
,	O
H3K4me1	O
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
both	O
HCoV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
replication	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1	I-FUNC
were	O
shown	O
to	O
upregulate	O
a	O
small	O
set	O
of	O
genes	O
encoding	O
immunomodulatory	O
factors	O
that	O
bind	B-FUNC
p65	B-PRGE
at	O
promoters	O
and	O
require	O
IKKβ	O
activity	O
and	O
p65	B-PRGE
for	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
produced	O
in	O
insect	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
induce	O
specific	O
immune	O
responses	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Psychiatric	O
morbidity	O
after	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
common	O
,	O
and	O
our	O
current	O
ability	O
to	O
predict	O
psychiatric	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
based	O
on	O
patient	O
-	O
and	O
illness	O
-	O
specific	O
factors	O
is	O
limited	O
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
symptoms	O
of	O
anxiety	O
,	O
depression	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
posttraumatic	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
(	O
PTSD	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
survivors	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
associated	O
changes	O
in	O
cortisol	B-CHED
levels	O
.	O

VILI	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
epithelial	O
barrier	O
with	O
subsequent	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
profound	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

Available	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilator	O
strategies	O
offer	O
only	O
a	O
modest	O
benefit	O
in	O
preventing	O
VILI	O
because	O
they	O
cannot	O
impede	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
overdistension	O
and	O
concomitant	O
epithelial	O
barrier	O
dysfunction	O
in	O
the	O
inflamed	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
.	O

All	O
3	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detectable	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
aerosolized	O
particles	O
.	O

Proportions	O
of	O
positive	O
sampling	O
events	O
were	O
69	O
%	O
for	O
PEDV	O
,	O
61	O
%	O
for	O
HPAIV	O
,	O
and	O
8	O
%	O
for	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
pathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
a	O
significant	O
economic	O
burden	O
to	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
Allograft	O
Cancer	B-DISO
after	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Transplantation	O
:	O
A	O
Case	O
Report	O
.	O

Usage	O
of	O
extended	O
criteria	O
donors	O
seems	O
a	O
successful	O
strategy	O
to	O
overcome	O
shortage	O
of	O
donor	B-CHED
lungs	B-ANAT
by	O
the	O
increasing	O
number	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
candidates	O
.	O

Subsequent	O
treatment	O
with	O
acid	B-CHED
anhydrides	I-CHED
such	O
as	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
aconitic	O
anhydride	O
(	O
CA	O
)	O
and	O
succinic	B-CHED
anhydride	I-CHED
(	O
SA	O
)	O
converted	O
amines	B-CHED
of	O
lysine	B-CHED
residues	O
in	O
TAT	B-ENZY
peptide	B-CHED
to	O
β	O
-	O
carboxylic	O
amides	B-CHED
,	O
introducing	O
carboxylic	O
groups	O
that	O
undergo	O
pH	O
-	O
dependent	O
protonation	O
and	O
deprotonation	O
.	O

32	O
/	O
237	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
sole	B-ANAT
bacterial	O
or	O
viral	O
pathogen	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
48	O
/	O
237	O
(	O
20	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
and	O
41	O
/	O
237	O
(	O
17	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
patients	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
VCL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D841H	I-PRGE
variant	O
was	O
engineered	O
and	O
either	O
coexpressed	O
with	O
cardiac	B-PRGE
sodium	I-PRGE
channel	I-PRGE
(	O
SCN5A	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
HEK293	O
cells	B-COMP
or	O
overexpressed	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
induced	O
pluripotent	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
derived	O
cardiomyocytes	B-ANAT
to	O
examine	O
its	O
effects	O
on	O
sodium	O
channel	O
function	O
using	O
the	O
whole	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
patch	O
-	O
clamp	O
method	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pathogenic	O
human	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
),	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
CoV	O
and	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
cause	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

The	O
chronic	O
toxicity	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
current	O
anti	O
-	O
retroviral	B-SPEC
therapy	O
limits	O
the	O
prolonged	O
use	O
of	O
several	O
antiretroviral	O
agents	O
,	O
continuously	O
requiring	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
new	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
with	O
innovative	O
strategies	O
of	O
action	O
.	O

HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
IN	O
and	O
Reverse	B-PRGE
Transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
associated	O
Ribonuclease	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
(	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
)	O
active	O
sites	O
show	O
structural	O
homologies	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
two	O
Mg	O
(	O
II	O
)	O
cofactors	B-CHED
,	O
hence	O
it	O
seems	O
possible	O
to	O
inhibit	O
both	O
enzymes	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
chelating	O
ligands	O
with	O
analogous	O
structural	O
features	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
pandemic	O
,	O
different	O
sanitary	O
responses	O
were	O
documented	O
between	O
Europe	O
and	O
North	O
America	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
vaccination	O
and	O
compliance	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
measures	O
.	O

Those	O
suspected	O
as	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
transmission	I-PROC
were	O
categorized	O
into	O
the	O
spreader	O
groups	O
(	O
super	O
-	O
spreader	O
[	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
]	O
and	O
usual	O
-	O
spreader	O
[	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
])	O
and	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
spreader	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
171	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Advances	O
in	O
diagnostic	O
techniques	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
better	O
distinction	O
between	O
types	O
of	O
vasculitis	O
,	O
potentially	O
affecting	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
the	O
1990	O
ACR	O
classification	O
criteria	O
for	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
.	O

Data	O
from	O
1095	O
patients	O
with	O
primary	B-DISO
systemic	I-DISO
vasculitis	I-DISO
and	O
415	O
with	O
comparator	O
conditions	O
were	O
available	O
.	O

Of	O
cases	O
identified	O
by	O
their	O
respective	O
criteria	O
,	O
16	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
also	O
met	B-CHED
criteria	O
for	O
other	O
vasculitides	B-DISO
.	O

Five	O
individuals	O
died	B-PROC
during	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

1	O
results	O
,	O
a	O
second	O
experiment	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
lower	O
processing	O
temperatures	O
on	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
quantity	O
and	O
infectivity	O
.	O

2	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
feed	O
was	O
pelleted	O
at	O
1	O
of	O
5	O
conditioning	O
temperatures	O
(	O
37	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
46	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
54	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
62	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
and	O
71	O
.	O
1	O
°	O
C	O
)	O
for	O
30	O
s	O
.	O
The	O
5	O
increasing	O
processing	O
temperatures	O
led	O
to	O
feed	O
with	O
respective	O
mean	O
Ct	O
values	O
of	O
32	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
34	O
.	O
6	O
,	O
37	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
36	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
and	O
36	O
.	O
7	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Sentinel	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
low	O
biosecurity	O
group	O
(	O
LB	O
)	O
became	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
positive	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
movement	B-PROC
of	O
study	O
personnel	O
from	O
the	O
INF	B-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
viral	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
and	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
major	O
target	O
for	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

However	O
,	O
knowledge	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
epitopes	O
,	O
their	O
nature	O
and	O
location	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
structure	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
the	O
antibodies	B-COMP
interfere	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
scarce	O
.	O

By	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
different	O
S1	O
protein	O
fragments	O
,	O
six	O
antibody	B-COMP
epitope	B-CHED
classes	O
distributed	O
over	O
the	O
five	O
structural	O
domains	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
were	O
identified	O
.	O

Our	O
observations	O
picture	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
epitope	B-CHED
landscape	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
and	O
reveal	O
that	O
its	O
cell	B-COMP
attachment	I-COMP
domains	O
are	O
key	O
targets	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

After	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
their	O
respective	O
IFN	B-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
and	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
JAK	B-PROC
/	O
signal	O
transducer	O
and	O
activator	O
of	O
transcription	B-PROC
signaling	B-PROC
cascade	I-PROC
,	O
they	O
stimulate	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
plethora	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
stimulated	O
genes	O
(	O
ISGs	O
)	O
in	O
infected	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
bystander	O
cells	B-COMP
such	O
as	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
infected	O
epithelium	B-ANAT
and	O
cells	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

Emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
defined	O
as	O
those	O
whose	O
incidence	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
has	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
two	O
decades	O
or	O
threaten	O
to	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
.	O

All	O
newly	O
-	O
identified	O
betacoronaviruses	O
were	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
(	O
SARSr	O
-	O
Rh	O
-	O
BatCoV	O
).	O

Inter	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
among	O
bats	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
same	O
genus	B-SPEC
was	O
also	O
commonplace	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
and	O
betacoronaviruses	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
providing	O
accurate	O
information	O
and	O
data	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
,	O
establishing	O
trust	O
,	O
and	O
facilitating	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
attitude	O
will	O
all	O
be	O
important	O
in	O
future	O
crises	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
There	O
are	O
two	O
biotypes	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
):	O
the	O
self	O
-	O
limiting	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FECV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
the	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
),	O
which	O
causes	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
a	O
fatal	O
disease	O
associated	O
with	O
cats	B-SPEC
living	O
in	O
multi	O
-	O
cat	B-SPEC
environments	O
.	O

As	O
expected	O
,	O
the	O
secretion	B-PROC
of	O
IL1β	O
,	O
IL6	B-PRGE
and	O
TNFα	O
was	O
readily	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
supernatant	O
of	O
peritoneal	B-ANAT
effusions	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
FCoV	O
-	O
positive	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
were	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
LiCl	B-CHED
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
FMDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
summarize	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
fibrotic	O
changes	O
observed	O
after	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
discuss	O
the	O
extent	O
to	O
which	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
induce	O
fibrosis	O
,	O
describe	O
available	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
induced	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
and	O
review	O
evidence	O
that	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
is	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
hyperactive	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
mediated	O
by	O
epidermal	B-PRGE
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
EGFR	B-FUNC
)	O
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
screened	O
for	O
both	O
DNA	O
and	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
;	O
specifically	O
,	O
astroviruses	O
(	O
AstVs	O
),	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
ADVs	O
),	O
caliciviruses	O
(	O
CalVs	O
),	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
),	O
flaviviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
filoviruses	O
,	O
paramyxoviruses	O
(	O
PMVs	O
),	O
polyomaviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
PYVs	O
)	O
and	O
rotaviruses	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
used	O
family	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
primers	O
,	O
amplicon	O
sequencing	O
and	O
further	O
characterization	O
by	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
.	O

PNA	B-CHED
probes	O
are	O
an	O
attractive	O
alternative	O
to	O
DNA	O
and	O
RNA	O
probes	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
chemically	O
and	O
biologically	O
stable	O
,	O
easily	O
synthesized	O
,	O
and	O
hybridize	O
efficiently	O
with	O
the	O
complementary	O
DNA	O
strands	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infections	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
can	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
diversity	O
of	O
pathogens	O
,	O
both	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	O
.	O

Doubling	O
the	O
concentration	O
of	O
the	O
additives	O
reduced	O
the	O
delta	O
value	O
to	O
≤	O
0	O
.	O
28	O
days	O
(	O
Commercial	O
feed	O
additives	O
(	O
acidifiers	O
and	O
salt	B-CHED
)	O
may	O
be	O
utilized	O
as	O
a	O
strategy	O
to	O
decrease	O
risk	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
in	O
feed	O
,	O
specially	O
,	O
commercial	O
feed	O
acidifiers	O
at	O
double	O
the	O
recommended	O
concentrations	O
reduced	O
PDCoV	O
survival	O
in	O
complete	O
feed	O
during	O
storage	B-PROC
at	O
room	O
temperature	O
.	O

Hypoxemia	O
is	O
mainly	O
due	O
to	O
intrapulmonary	O
shunt	O
,	O
whereas	O
increased	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
dead	B-PROC
space	O
explains	O
the	O
alteration	O
of	O
CO	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Prior	O
studies	O
suggest	O
hypothermia	O
may	O
be	O
beneficial	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
cooling	O
causes	O
shivering	O
and	O
increases	O
metabolism	B-PROC
.	O

Retrospective	O
review	O
of	O
58	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
based	O
on	O
Berlin	O
criteria	O
and	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
less	O
than	O
150	O
who	O
received	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Investigating	O
hyperventilation	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
empty	O
nose	B-ANAT
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

HVS	B-FUNC
was	O
defined	O
by	O
a	O
delayed	O
return	O
of	O
the	O
end	O
-	O
tidal	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
in	O
the	O
expired	O
gas	B-ENZY
to	O
baseline	O
during	O
HVPT	O
.	O

HVS	B-FUNC
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
17	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
(	O
77	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
May	O
of	O
2013	O
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
.	O

Three	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
barrows	O
were	O
inoculated	O
intragastrically	O
with	O
5	O
mL	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
negative	O
feces	B-ANAT
for	O
the	O
negative	O
control	O
,	O
5	O
mL	O
of	O
untreated	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
feces	B-ANAT
for	O
the	O
positive	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
5	O
mL	O
or	O
10	O
mL	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
feces	B-ANAT
that	O
was	O
subjected	O
to	O
treatment	O
with	O
a	O
1	O
:	O
16	O
or	O
1	O
:	O
32	O
concentrations	O
of	O
accelerated	O
hydrogen	B-CHED
peroxide	I-CHED
disinfectant	B-CHED
for	O
a	O
contact	O
time	O
of	O
30	O
min	O
at	O
20	O
°	O
C	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Three	O
Hypothetical	O
Inflammation	B-DISO
Pathobiology	O
Phenotypes	O
and	O
Pediatric	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
Induced	O
Multiple	B-DISO
Organ	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Outcome	O
.	O

Prospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
comparing	O
children	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
any	O
of	O
three	O
phenotypes	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
immunoparalysis	O
-	O
associated	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
whole	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
ex	O
vivo	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
response	B-PROC
to	I-PROC
endotoxin	I-PROC
<	O
200	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
),	O
2	O
)	O
thrombocytopenia	O
-	O
associated	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
new	O
onset	O
thrombocytopenia	O
with	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
a	O
disintegrin	O
and	O
metalloproteinase	B-PRGE
with	O
a	O
thrombospondin	O
type	O
1	O
motif	O
,	O
member	O
13	O
activity	O
<	O
57	O
%),	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
3	O
)	O
sequential	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
hepatobiliary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
(	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
followed	O
by	O
liver	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
with	O
soluble	O
Fas	B-PRGE
ligand	B-PROC
>	O
200	O
pg	O
/	O
mL	O
),	O
to	O
those	O
without	O
any	O
of	O
these	O
phenotypes	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
may	O
serve	O
as	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
in	O
refractory	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
but	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
assessed	O
in	O
allogeneic	O
hematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
recipients	O
.	O

These	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
both	O
healthy	O
and	O
diseased	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
model	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
changed	O
significantly	O
in	O
China	O
after	O
the	O
outbreak	O
in	O
2003	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
but	O
trends	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
features	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
rarely	O
studied	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
assess	O
specific	O
incidence	O
and	O
mortality	O
trends	O
of	O
45	O
notifiable	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
from	O
2004	O
to	O
2013	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
overall	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
current	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
strategies	O
.	O

We	O
estimated	O
the	O
annual	O
percentage	O
change	O
in	O
incidence	O
of	O
each	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
using	O
joinpoint	O
regression	O
.	O

The	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
with	O
the	O
highest	O
yearly	O
incidence	O
were	O
hand	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
foot	I-DISO
,	I-DISO
and	I-DISO
mouth	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
(	O
114	O
·	O
48	O
per	O
100	O
000	O
),	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
(	O
81	O
·	O
57	O
per	O
100	O
000	O
),	O
and	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
(	O
80	O
·	O
33	O
per	O
100	O
000	O
).	O

Comprehensive	O
analysis	O
of	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
-	O
conjugated	B-CHED
proteins	I-CHED
using	O
immunoprecipitation	O
and	O
nanoLC	O
-	O
MS	O
/	O
MS	O
indicated	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
PLpro	I-PRGE
caused	O
the	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
ubiquitination	B-PROC
profile	O
of	O
Rho	O
GTPase	O
family	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
in	O
which	O
linked	O
with	O
the	O
increase	O
of	O
Rho	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
GTPase	I-PRGE
family	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Though	O
still	O
in	O
its	O
infancy	O
,	O
airway	B-ANAT
protease	O
inhibition	B-PROC
represents	O
an	O
attractive	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
cell	B-COMP
targeting	B-PROC
approach	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
is	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
last	O
resort	O
during	O
neonatal	O
and	O
pediatric	O
resuscitation	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
refractory	O
circulatory	B-PROC
or	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
under	O
maximum	O
conventional	O
therapies	O
.	O

Neurological	O
impairment	B-DISO
can	O
occur	O
during	O
ECMO	O
(	O
cranial	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
,	O
seizure	B-DISO
or	O
stroke	B-DISO
).	O

Various	O
studies	O
have	O
investigated	O
bat	B-ENZY
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
tropical	O
regions	O
,	O
but	O
to	O
date	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
data	O
regarding	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
zoonotic	O
potential	O
that	O
circulate	O
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
and	O
rat	B-SPEC
populations	O
in	O
Viet	O
Nam	O
.	O

Faecal	B-ANAT
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
screened	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
RNA	O
from	O
paramyxoviruses	O
,	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
filoviruses	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
organizing	O
principles	O
of	O
the	O
CDCMN	O
are	O
centralized	O
isolation	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
centralization	O
of	O
medical	O
resources	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
network	O
of	O
designated	O
regional	O
hospitals	O
like	O
those	O
in	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O

Many	O
communication	O
strategies	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
traditional	O
media	B-ANAT
to	O
social	O
and	O
new	O
media	B-ANAT
,	O
have	O
been	O
implemented	O
to	O
improve	O
transparency	O
in	O
public	O
communication	O
and	O
promote	O
civic	O
engagement	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
potential	O
emergence	O
of	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
strains	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
poses	O
a	O
significant	O
public	O
health	O
threat	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
capable	O
of	O
eliciting	O
long	O
-	O
lasting	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
to	O
those	O
pathogens	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
public	O
health	O
priority	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
effect	O
of	O
diatomaceous	O
earth	O
in	O
live	O
,	O
attenuated	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
vaccine	O
,	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
protection	O
against	O
challenge	O
.	O

Massive	O
application	O
and	O
generation	O
of	O
a	O
protective	O
local	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
and	O
humoral	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
with	O
no	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
is	O
the	O
main	O
goal	O
for	O
this	O
strategy	O
.	O

Correspondence	O
analysis	O
reveals	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
3	O
genetic	O
clusters	B-CHED
based	O
on	O
codon	O
usage	O
in	O
PLpro	O
and	O
3CLpro	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggested	O
a	O
close	O
association	O
between	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
motif	I-PRGE
chemokine	I-PRGE
ligand	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
)	O
expressions	O
and	O
ALI	O
induced	O
by	O
a	O
lethal	O
H7N9	O
virus	B-SPEC
strain	O
(	O
A	O
/	O
Hebei	O
/	O
01	O
/	O
2013	O
).	O

More	O
importantly	O
,	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
deficiency	O
ameliorated	O
H7N9	O
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
as	O
determined	O
by	O
weight	O
loss	O
,	O
survival	O
rate	O
,	O
the	O
wet	O
:	O
dry	O
ratio	O
of	O
the	O
lung	O
,	O
and	O
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
other	O
experiments	O
,	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
systolic	O
pressure	O
was	O
recorded	O
during	O
hypoxic	O
challenges	O
in	O
uninjured	O
WT	O
mice	B-SPEC
pretreated	O
with	O
rHuIL	O
-	O
6	O
or	O
rHuIL	O
-	O
6	O
+	O
non	O
-	O
selective	O
nitric	O
oxide	O
synthase	O
inhibitor	O
L	O
-	O
NAME	B-SPEC
or	O
vehicle	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
a	O
syndrome	B-DISO
that	O
in	O
some	O
ways	O
mimics	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
with	O
associated	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
possibly	O
requiring	O
a	O
ventilator	O
and	O
vasopressor	O
support	O
.	O

The	O
objectives	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
viremia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
its	O
replication	O
in	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
using	O
quantitative	O
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PCR	I-PRGE
(	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
methodology	O
in	O
a	O
population	O
of	O
205	O
healthy	O
shelter	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
Southern	O
California	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
assess	O
any	O
possible	O
connection	O
to	O
longitudinal	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
).	O

From	O
50	O
of	O
these	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
also	O
examined	O
.	O

More	O
data	O
are	O
needed	O
on	O
RVIs	O
in	O
the	O
solid	O
organ	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
population	O
,	O
particularly	O
regarding	O
their	O
effect	O
on	O
rejection	O
and	O
graft	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
constellation	O
of	O
physical	O
and	O
psychological	B-DISO
problems	O
can	O
develop	O
or	O
persist	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
5	O
years	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Cell	B-COMP
-	O
free	O
supernatants	O
(	O
CFS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
live	O
LAB	O
were	O
evaluated	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
by	O
co	O
-	O
incubation	O
on	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
challenged	O
with	O
a	O
pandemic	O
strain	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
Thailand	O
.	O

plantarum	O
showed	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effect	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effect	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
observed	O
in	O
Ent	B-ANAT
.	O

Two	O
groups	O
of	O
4	O
animals	B-SPEC
each	O
received	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
hour	O
infusion	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
through	O
the	O
external	B-ANAT
jugular	I-ANAT
vein	I-ANAT
.	O

Serial	O
measurements	O
of	O
blood	B-PROC
gases	I-PROC
were	O
performed	O
every	O
30	O
minutes	O
until	O
the	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
ratio	O
dropped	O
below	O
150	O
on	O
two	O
consecutive	O
readings	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
PLPs	O
from	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	O
was	O
evaluated	O
against	O
seven	O
ISG15s	O
originating	O
from	O
an	O
assortment	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
susceptible	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
,	O
to	O
certain	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
first	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
structure	O
of	O
the	O
full	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
length	I-PRGE
mISG15	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
also	O
reported	O
and	O
highlights	O
a	O
unique	O
,	O
twisted	O
hinge	O
region	O
of	O
ISG15	B-PRGE
that	O
is	O
not	O
conserved	O
in	O
hISG15	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
potential	O
role	O
in	O
differential	O
recognition	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
this	O
new	O
information	O
provides	O
a	O
structural	O
and	O
biochemical	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
distinct	O
specificities	O
among	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
PLPs	O
observed	O
and	O
addresses	O
a	O
critical	O
gap	O
of	O
how	O
PLPs	O
can	O
interact	O
with	O
ISG15s	O
from	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
,	O
mortality	O
,	O
and	O
morbidity	O
rates	O
differ	O
among	O
influenza	B-DISO
subspecies	O
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
H1N1	O
infection	B-DISO
died	B-PROC
secondary	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
GATA2	B-PRGE
mutations	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
various	O
diseases	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
MonoMAC	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
Emberger	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
familial	O
myelodysplastic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
myeloid	I-DISO
leukaemia	I-DISO
and	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
,	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
,	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
natural	O
killer	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
deficiency	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Plastic	B-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
is	O
used	O
to	O
designate	O
endobronchial	O
plugs	O
of	O
rubber	B-CHED
-	O
like	O
consistency	O
that	O
form	O
into	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
trees	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
first	O
sickle	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
adult	O
case	O
of	O
plastic	B-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
during	O
acute	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
showed	O
variable	O
hematologic	O
parameters	O
over	O
time	O
.	O

We	O
determined	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
antifibrinolytic	O
protein	B-PRGE
plasminogen	I-PRGE
activator	I-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
PAI	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
alcohol	O
enhancement	O
of	O
experimental	O
endotoxin	O
-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
.	O

Wild	O
-	O
type	O
,	O
PAI	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE

The	O
distribution	O
of	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
camels	B-SPEC
reflects	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
is	O
strongly	O
associated	O
with	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Phosphorylation	B-PROC
of	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
κB	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
p65	I-PRGE
and	O
proinflammatory	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
were	O
greatly	O
decreased	O
after	O
knockdown	O
of	O
retinoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
inducible	O
gene	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
(	O
RIG	O
-	O
I	O
)-	O
like	O
receptors	O
(	O
RLRs	O
)	O
or	O
its	O
adaptors	O
MAVS	O
and	O
STING	O
,	O
while	O
only	O
slight	O
reduction	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
following	O
silencing	O
of	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
adaptors	O
,	O
MyD88	B-PRGE
and	O
TRIF	B-PRGE
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
significantly	O
upregulated	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
and	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
.	O

Other	O
ARDS	B-DISO
cohorts	O
revealed	O
a	O
high	O
heterogeneity	O
in	O
reported	O
concomitant	O
diseases	O
,	O
but	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
most	O
frequently	O
reported	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ventilator	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
VAP	O
)	O
due	O
to	O
Pseudomonas	B-SPEC
aeruginosa	I-SPEC
has	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
and	O
recurrence	B-DISO
rate	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
TIS	O
group	O
had	O
significantly	O
lower	O
recurrence	B-DISO
of	O
P	O
.	O
aeruginosa	O
VAP	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
52	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
and	O
ICU	O
mortality	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
63	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
than	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

Bacterial	O
concentration	O
in	O
tracheal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
(	O
mean	O
log	O
10	O
cfu	O
/	O
mL	O
±	O
SD	O
on	O
days	O
2	O
-	O
5	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
vs	O
.	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
decreased	O
more	O
rapidly	O
and	O
markedly	O
in	O
the	O
TIS	O
group	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
phenylisoserine	O
backbone	B-ANAT
was	O
found	O
by	O
simulation	O
on	O
GOLD	B-CHED
software	O
and	O
the	O
structure	O
activity	O
relationship	O
study	O
of	O
phenylisoserine	O
derivatives	O
gave	O
SK80	O
with	O
an	O
IC	O

For	O
all	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
recommendation	O
is	O
strong	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
using	O
lower	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
(	O
4	O
-	O
8	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
)	O
and	O
lower	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressures	O
(	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
<	O
30	O
cm	O
H	O
The	O
panel	O
formulated	O
and	O
provided	O
the	O
rationale	O
for	O
recommendations	O
on	O
selected	O
ventilatory	O
interventions	O
for	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
healthy	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
both	O
CRP	B-PRGE
and	O
PCT	B-DISO
in	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
were	O
higher	O
[	O
CRP	B-PRGE
(	O
mg	O
/	O
L	O
):	O
146	O
.	O
32	O
(	O
111	O
.	O
31	O
,	O
168	O
.	O
49	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
6	O
.	O
08	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
47	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
89	O
),	O
PCT	B-DISO
(	O
μg	O
/	O
L	O
):	O
3	O
.	O
46	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
98	O
,	O
5	O
.	O
56	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
04	O
),	O
both	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
],	O
and	O
the	O
two	O
showed	O
sustained	O
upward	O
trends	O
with	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
course	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
PCT	B-DISO
cut	O
-	O
off	O
value	O
of	O
>	O
4	O
.	O
35	O
μg	O
/	O
L	O
for	O
predicting	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
,	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
was	O
92	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
and	O
63	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
positive	O
and	O
negative	O
likelihood	O
ratios	O
were	O
2	O
.	O
50	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
12	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
one	O
primary	O
cause	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
admittance	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
usually	O
treated	O
with	O
intubation	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
necessary	O
ventilation	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
function	O
.	O

By	O
reviewing	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
stem	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
therapy	O
for	O
ALI	O
,	O
therapeutic	O
potential	O
of	O
hUCMSCs	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
burns	O
with	O
ALI	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
approach	O
for	O
clinical	O
treatment	O
was	O
provided	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
epidermal	B-PRGE
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
attenuates	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
epidermal	B-PRGE
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
EGFR	B-FUNC
)	O
has	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
reduce	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

Mechanistically	O
,	O
LPS	B-DISO
induced	O
EGFR	B-FUNC
activation	O
via	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
and	O
c	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Src	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

Of	O
those	O
,	O
fifteen	O
cases	O
had	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
manifestations	O
,	O
eight	O
had	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
53	O
%),	O
seven	O
had	O
enteric	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
46	O
%)	O
and	O
five	O
had	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
(	O
33	O
%).	O

This	O
CT	O
finding	O
suggests	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
could	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
marker	O
indicating	O
the	O
transition	B-DISO
from	O
latent	O
to	O
symptomatic	O
state	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenic	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infections	O
:	O
causes	O
and	O
consequences	O
of	O
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
and	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
.	O

Severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
pathogenic	O
hCoVs	O
is	O
often	O
associated	O
with	O
rapid	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
massive	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
infiltration	I-DISO
and	O
elevated	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokine	O
/	O
chemokine	O
responses	O
resulting	O
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
),	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Here	O
we	O
review	O
the	O
current	O
understanding	O
of	O
how	O
a	O
dysregulated	O
immune	O
response	O
may	O
cause	O
lung	B-ANAT
immunopathology	B-DISO
leading	O
to	O
deleterious	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
after	O
pathogenic	O
hCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
venovenous	O
ECMO	O
(	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
increasing	O
in	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
forms	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
network	O
analysis	O
of	O
Ark	B-PRGE
isolates	O
showed	O
two	O
predominant	O
groups	O
linked	O
by	O
2	O
mutations	O
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
subpopulations	O
found	O
in	O
commercial	O
vaccines	O
for	O
this	O
IBV	B-SPEC
type	O
.	O

Selection	O
pressure	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
DMV	O
/	O
1639	O
and	O
Mass	O
-	O
type	O
strains	O
were	O
evolving	O
under	O
negative	O
selection	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
Ark	O
type	O
viruses	B-SPEC
had	O
evolved	O
under	O
positive	O
selection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
Neutralizing	O
Monoclonal	O
Antibody	B-COMP
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Replication	O
in	O
the	O
Common	B-SPEC
Marmoset	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
is	O
highly	O
lethal	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
35	O
%.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
report	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
that	O
completely	O
inhibits	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
in	O
common	B-SPEC
marmosets	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
done	O
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
children	O
'	O
s	O
hospital	O
for	O
rapid	O
identification	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
causing	O
SARI	O
among	O
children	O
less	O
than	O
or	O
equal	O
to	O
five	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
using	O
multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
kit	B-FUNC
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
155	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
equal	O
number	O
of	O
children	O
suspected	O
to	O
have	O
SARI	O
and	O
processed	O
for	O
extraction	O
of	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
using	O
automated	O
extraction	O
system	O
.	O

HMPV	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
predominant	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
healthcare	O
-	O
associated	O
transmission	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
attributed	O
to	O
overcrowding	O
,	O
delayed	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
breakdown	B-DISO
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
systems	O
.	O

Strict	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
precautions	O
and	O
a	O
well	O
-	O
prepared	O
hospital	O
system	O
may	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
no	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
occurring	O
during	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
imported	O
to	O
Thailand	O
.	O

Continuous	O
vigilance	O
and	O
strengthening	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
systems	O
will	O
shape	O
the	O
capacity	O
to	O
prevent	O
and	O
control	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
or	O
new	O
emerging	O
disease	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
miR	O
-	O
19	O
inhibited	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
p47phox	B-PRGE
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
alleviation	O
of	O
the	O
lipopolysaccharides	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)-	O
induced	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
and	O
Clinical	O
Features	O
of	O
Human	B-SPEC
Coronaviruses	O
in	O
the	O
Pediatric	O
Population	O
.	O

In	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
,	O
young	O
age	O
and	O
CCCs	B-CHED
,	O
but	O
not	O
HCoV	O
type	O
,	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

HTCC	O
-	O
NS	O
/	O
MS	O
were	O
studied	O
as	O
the	O
adsorbents	O
of	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
),	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
particles	O
in	O
aqueous	O
virus	B-SPEC
suspensions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Obesity	B-DISO
and	O
perioperative	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
in	O
bariatric	O
surgery	O
.	O

Certain	O
comorbidities	O
associated	O
with	O
obesity	B-DISO
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
metabolic	B-PROC
syndrome	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
sleep	I-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
)	O
further	O
increase	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
perioperative	O
complications	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp15	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
evasion	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
dsRNA	B-CHED
sensors	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
reveal	O
that	O
modulating	O
nsp15	O
stability	O
and	O
activity	O
is	O
a	O
strategy	O
for	O
generating	O
live	O
-	O
attenuated	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
developed	O
,	O
requiring	O
intubation	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Changes	O
on	O
diffusion	O
-	O
weighted	O
MRI	O
of	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
showed	O
the	O
characteristic	O
heart	B-ANAT
-	O
shaped	O
BMP	B-CHED
infarction	B-DISO
,	O
indicating	O
occlusion	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
unilateral	O
ASA	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Assessment	O
of	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
Outcomes	O
in	O
Survivors	O
of	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Receiving	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	O
Oxygenation	B-PROC
or	O
Mechanical	O
Ventilation	O
:	O
A	O
Prospective	O
Observational	O
Study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
outcomes	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
requiring	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
).	O

ECMO	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
ECMO	O
survivors	O
showed	O
similar	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
morphological	O
abnormalities	O
,	O
resting	B-ANAT
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
values	O
,	O
and	O
6	O
-	O
min	O
walking	O
distance	O
.	O

One	O
-	O
year	O
posthospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
,	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
survivors	O
receiving	O
ECMO	O
or	O
MV	O
demonstrated	O
comparable	O
outcomes	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
receiving	O
ECMO	O
had	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
II	O
score	O
(	O
30	O
.	O
3	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
vs	O
.	O
26	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
7	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
036	O
),	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
vs	O
.	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
score	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
vs	O
.	O
7	O
.	O
9	O
±	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
lower	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2ratio	O
([	O
mmHg	O
,	O
1	O
mmHg	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
133	O
kPa	O
],	O
68	O
.	O
3	O
±	O
16	O
.	O
1	O
vs	O
.	O
84	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
16	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
000	O
),	O
and	O
increased	O
extrapulmonary	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
2	O
[	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
]	O
vs	O
.	O
1	O
[	O
1	O
,	O
1	O
],	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
025	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
patients	O
not	O
receiving	O
ECMO	O
.	O

Extensive	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
dynamics	O
,	O
and	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
were	O
monitored	O
for	O
24	O
h	O
following	O
the	O
injury	O
or	O
until	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
shares	O
75	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
with	O
a	O
prototypic	O
EVG	O
strain	O
(	O
PEV9	O
UKG	O
/	O
410	O
/	O
73	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Successful	O
treatment	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
leishmaniosis	B-DISO
using	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
allopurinol	B-CHED
and	O
N	O
-	O
methyl	B-CHED
-	O
glucamine	O
antimoniate	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
work	O
describes	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
successful	O
treatment	O
of	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
domestic	O
cat	O
infected	O
with	O
Considering	O
the	O
increasing	O
number	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
leishmaniosis	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
the	O
inconsistent	O
results	O
of	O
most	O
therapeutic	O
protocols	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
new	O
approaches	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
refractory	O
cases	O
,	O
is	O
essential	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Toxic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
methicillin	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Community	O
-	O
acquired	O
methicillin	O
-	O
resistant	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
twenty	O
-	O
seven	O
IBV	O
-	O
positive	O
samples	O
were	O
tested	O
by	O
this	O
method	O
and	O
GII	O
-	O
1	O
strains	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
four	O
of	O
them	O
(	O
3	O
·	O
15	O
%)	O
which	O
indicate	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
GII	O
-	O
1	O
IBV	B-SPEC
prevalence	O
in	O
Poland	O
.	O

The	O
developed	O
assay	O
has	O
been	O
tested	O
on	O
numerous	O
field	O
samples	O
and	O
revealed	O
3	O
·	O
15	O
%	O
prevalence	O
of	O
this	O
lineage	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
Polish	O
chicken	B-SPEC
population	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
apoptosis	O
of	O
pyramidal	O
neurons	B-ANAT
in	O
CA2	B-ANAT
and	O
CA3	B-ANAT
subregions	O
of	O
the	O
hippocampus	B-SPEC
is	O
induced	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
Mu	O
-	O
3	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
Mu	O
-	O
3	O
),	O
a	O
neuropathogenic	O
strain	O
of	O
the	O
JHM	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
JHMV	O
),	O
at	O
4	O
-	O
5	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
inoculation	O
(	O
dpi	O
).	O

Uveitis	B-DISO
is	O
common	O
in	O
these	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
was	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
to	O
evaluate	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
of	O
an	O
immunocytochemical	O
assay	O
(	O
ICC	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
aqueous	B-DISO
humor	I-DISO
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
suspected	O
of	O
having	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

All	O
aqueous	B-DISO
humor	I-DISO
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
postmortem	O
by	O
paracentesis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
33	I-PRGE
protects	O
murine	B-SPEC
viral	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
by	O
targeting	B-PROC
coagulation	B-PRGE
hallmark	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
FGL2	B-PRGE
/	O
fibroleukin	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
therefore	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
immunocompetence	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
presumed	O
""""	O
robust	O
""""	O
Hellevad	O
chickens	O
with	O
two	O
chicken	B-SPEC
lines	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
organic	O
production	O
,	O
Bovans	O
Brown	O
(	O
Bovans	O
)	O
and	O
Hisex	O
White	O
(	O
Hisex	O
).	O

Moreover	O
,	O
indications	O
of	O
an	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
Bovans	O
at	O
week	O
5	O
,	O
corresponding	O
to	O
1	O
week	O
after	O
vaccination	O
with	O
live	O
infectious	B-SPEC
bursal	I-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

How	O
the	O
differences	O
observed	O
in	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
immune	O
parameters	O
in	O
the	O
three	O
chicken	B-SPEC
lines	O
influence	O
the	O
immune	O
protection	O
against	O
infection	B-DISO
needs	O
to	O
be	O
studied	O
further	O
.	O

Both	O
strains	O
have	O
a	O
common	O
genome	O
organization	O
in	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
of	O
5	B-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
UTR	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4c	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
UTR	I-PRGE
-	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tail	O
-	O
3	O
'.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Initiation	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
(	O
ECLS	O
)	O
is	O
often	O
followed	O
by	O
complete	O
opacification	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
parenchyma	B-ANAT
and	O
volume	O
loss	O
.	O

Bats	B-SPEC
are	O
known	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
viruses	B-SPEC
closely	O
related	O
to	O
important	O
EIDs	O
.	O

GLS	O
-	O
5300	O
,	O
a	O
prophylactic	O
DNA	O
-	O
plasmid	O
vaccine	O
encoding	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
to	O
be	O
tested	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
,	O
m336	O
has	O
given	O
promising	O
results	O
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
and	O
has	O
potential	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
outbreak	O
situations	O
.	O

Twelve	O
studies	O
fulfilled	O
inclusion	O
criteria	O
,	O
representing	O
a	O
population	O
of	O
1042	O
patients	O
with	O
refractory	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Pooled	O
mortality	O
at	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
was	O
37	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
CI	O
95	O
%	O
=	O
31	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
44	O
.	O
1	O
;	O
I	O

ECLS	O
is	O
an	O
efficient	O
therapeutic	O
strategy	O
that	O
will	O
improve	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
patients	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
,	O
or	O
exposed	O
to	O
,	O
the	O
risks	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
New	O
Observation	O
of	O
an	O
Atypical	O
and	O
Severe	O
Variant	O
of	O
the	O
Guillain	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Barre	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
Child	O
:	O
Remaining	O
Challenges	O
for	O
Diagnosis	O
,	O
Nosologic	O
Classification	O
,	O
and	O
Therapeutic	O
Course	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
acute	O
polyradiculoneuropathy	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
High	O
-	O
isolation	O
preparedness	O
for	O
very	O
contagious	O
and	O
potential	O
severely	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
Protein	B-CHED
Analysis	O
of	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
Cells	B-COMP
Infected	O
with	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	I-SPEC
Diarrhea	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
Pandemic	O
and	O
Classical	O
Strains	O
Elucidates	O
the	O
Pathogenesis	O
of	O
Infection	B-DISO
.	O

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
propose	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
might	O
disrupt	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
may	O
elicit	O
stronger	O
inflammatory	O
cascades	O
as	O
well	O
.	O

Emerging	O
evidence	O
supports	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
the	O
stiffness	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
matrix	O
is	O
not	O
only	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
also	O
can	O
induce	O
fibroblast	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
genomes	O
are	O
conveniently	O
partitioned	O
by	O
introducing	O
type	O
IIS	O
or	O
IIG	O
restriction	O
enzyme	O
recognition	O
sites	O
that	O
confer	O
directional	O
cloning	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
transient	O
dominant	O
selection	O
as	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
introducing	O
modifications	O
into	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
cDNA	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
successfully	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
substitution	O
of	O
specific	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
,	O
deletion	O
of	O
genomic	O
regions	O
,	O
and	O
exchange	O
of	O
complete	O
genes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Can	O
glypican	O
-	O
3	O
be	O
a	O
disease	O
-	O
specific	O
biomarker	B-CHED
?	O

Increased	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
GPC3	B-PRGE
have	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
validation	O
of	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
(	O
BD	O
)	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
Pediatric	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
(	O
PALICC	O
)	O
recommendations	O
in	O
children	O
represented	O
a	O
major	O
advance	O
in	O
optimizing	O
research	O
and	O
treatment	O
,	O
mainly	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
category	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
recognized	O
that	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
surfactant	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
administration	O
and	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
administration	O
could	O
all	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
evidence	O
that	O
surfactant	B-CHED
is	O
effective	O
and	O
well	O
tolerated	O
in	O
children	O
and	O
infants	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
142	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5p	I-PRGE
Disrupts	O
Neuronal	O
Morphogenesis	B-PROC
Underlying	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Hemagglutinating	O
Encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
Virus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
by	O
Targeting	B-PROC
Ulk1	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PHEV	O
)	O
invades	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
causes	O
neurodegenerative	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
its	O
neuropathogenicity	O
for	O
neurological	O
dysfunction	O
remains	O
limited	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
142	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5p	I-PRGE
is	O
localized	O
to	O
neurons	B-ANAT
and	O
negatively	O
regulates	O
neuronal	O
morphogenesis	B-PROC
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
(	O
PHE	B-CHED
).	O

Relieving	O
Ulk1	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
repression	O
in	O
primary	O
cortical	B-ANAT
neurons	B-ANAT
by	O
miR	O
-	O
142	O
-	O
5p	O
antagomirs	O
or	O
replication	O
-	O
deficient	O
adenoviruses	O
encoding	O
Ulk1	O
(	O
Ad5	B-DISO
-	O
Ulk1	O
),	O
which	O
improved	O
rescue	O
of	O
nerve	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
restricted	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
increased	O
survival	O
rate	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
underlying	O
PHEV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
a	O
clinical	O
picture	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
is	O
underestimated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hospital	O
Outbreaks	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
Daejeon	O
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

Six	O
participants	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
one	O
(	O
2	O
%)	O
from	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
plus	O
standard	O
care	O
group	O
and	O
five	O
(	O
10	O
%)	O
from	O
the	O
standard	O
care	O
group	O
(	O
HR	O
0	O
·	O
19	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
·	O
02	O
-	O
1	O
·	O
65	O
],	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
·	O
093	O
).	O

Participants	O
in	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
plus	O
standard	O
care	O
group	O
had	O
non	O
-	O
significant	O
reductions	O
in	O
days	O
in	O
hospital	O
(	O
median	O
6	O
days	O
[	O
IQR	O
4	O
-	O
16	O
]	O
vs	O
11	O
days	O
[	O
5	O
-	O
25	O
],	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
·	O
13	O
)	O
and	O
days	O
on	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
median	O
0	O
days	O
[	O
IQR	O
0	O
-	O
6	O
]	O
vs	O
3	O
days	O
[	O
0	O
-	O
14	O
],	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
·	O
14	O
).	O

National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Allergy	B-DISO
and	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
,	O
US	O
National	O
Institutes	O
of	O
Health	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Myeloid	O
-	O
epithelial	O
cross	O
talk	B-PROC
coordinates	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
tissue	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
cytokine	O
leukemia	B-DISO
inhibitory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
during	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Groups	O
3	O
and	O
4	O
received	O
H120	O
-	O
H120	O
and	O
H120	O
-	O
1	O
/	O
96	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
strains	O
at	O
the	O
1st	O
and	O
14th	O
day	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
challenged	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
H120	O
-	O
1	O
/	O
96	O
group	O
compared	O
with	O
H120	O
-	O
H120	O
group	O
showed	O
a	O
significant	O
reduction	O
of	O
viral	O
load	O
in	O
trachea	B-DISO
(	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
×	O
103	O
compared	O
to	O
503	O
)	O
and	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
useful	O
life	O
support	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
two	O
adverse	O
events	O
assessed	O
as	O
related	O
to	O
KGF	B-PRGE
were	O
due	O
to	O
pyrexia	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
Northern	O
Ireland	O
Public	O
Health	O
Agency	O
Research	O
and	O
Development	B-PROC
Division	O
.	O

Structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationship	O
(	O
SAR	B-CHED
)	O
studies	O
on	O
escins	O
have	O
revealed	O
that	O
acylations	O
at	O
C	O
-	O
21	O
and	O
C	O
-	O
22	O
with	O
angeloyl	O
or	O
tigloyl	O
groups	O
were	O
important	O
for	O
their	O
cytotoxic	O
effects	O
.	O

Neonatal	O
complications	O
resulting	O
from	O
meconium	B-DISO
aspiration	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
MAS	B-COMP
)	O
and	O
sepsis	B-DISO
were	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
obstetric	O
causes	O
group	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
neurological	O
development	B-PROC
impairment	B-DISO
was	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
the	O
obstetric	O
causes	O
group	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
recent	O
data	O
suggesting	O
its	O
role	O
as	O
entheropathogen	O
,	O
a	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
between	O
2013	O
and	O
2016	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
CanineCV	O
with	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
alone	O
or	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
other	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
,	O
including	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
(	O
CPV	B-SPEC
),	O
canine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CCoV	O
)	O
and	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CDV	B-CHED
).	O

These	O
results	O
highlight	O
the	O
potential	O
spillover	O
of	O
vaccine	O
-	O
viruses	B-SPEC
probably	O
due	O
to	O
extensive	O
use	O
of	O
live	O
-	O
attenuated	O
vaccines	O
in	O
the	O
commercial	O
poultry	O
,	O
and	O
close	O
interaction	O
between	O
domesticated	O
and	O
wild	O
bird	B-SPEC
populations	O
.	O

Further	O
exploring	O
the	O
full	O
spectrum	O
of	O
vaccine	O
-	O
derived	O
viral	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
in	O
wild	O
birds	O
might	O
help	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
future	O
wild	O
-	O
birds	B-SPEC
origin	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
identify	O
five	O
residues	O
in	O
the	O
insertion	O
subdomain	O
that	O
are	O
critical	O
for	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
two	O
residues	O
essential	O
for	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
PEDVPT	O
-	O
P5	O
,	O
PEDVPT	O
-	O
P96	O
inoculation	O
induced	O
none	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
mild	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
lower	O
,	O
delayed	O
fecal	B-ANAT
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
PEDVPT	O
-	O
P96	O
elicited	O
slightly	O
lower	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	O
IgA	B-PRGE
)	O
titers	O
,	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
viral	O
shedding	O
of	O
the	O
subsequent	O
challenge	O
with	O
PEDVPT	O
-	O
P5	O
were	O
noted	O
in	O
both	O
PEDVPT	O
-	O
P5	O
-	O
and	O
PEDVPT	O
-	O
P96	O
-	O
inoculated	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Alignment	O
and	O
comparison	O
of	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
sequences	O
of	O
PEDVPT	O
-	O
P5	O
and	O
PEDVPT	O
-	O
P96	O
revealed	O
23	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
changes	O
and	O
resultant	O
19	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
in	O
non	O
-	O
structure	O
proteins	B-CHED
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
9	O
,	O
14	O
,	O
15	O
,	O
spike	O
,	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
3	O
(	O
ORF3	O
),	O
and	O
membrane	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
no	O
detectable	O
deletion	O
or	O
insertion	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
confirmed	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
the	O
PEDVPT	O
isolate	O
in	O
conventional	O
post	O
-	O
weaning	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
discovered	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
mAbs	O
)	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
which	O
mapped	O
to	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
regions	O
on	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
mAbs	O
with	O
neutralizing	O
epitopes	O
located	O
on	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
,	O
one	O
mAb	O
,	O
5F9	O
,	O
which	O
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
NTD	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
,	O
showed	O
efficient	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
against	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
strain	O
EMC	B-COMP
/	O
2012	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
half	O
maximal	O
inhibitory	O
concentration	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
μg	O
/	O
mL	O
.	O
We	O
concluded	O
that	O
a	O
novel	O
neutralizing	O
epitope	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
also	O
resides	O
on	O
the	O
NTD	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
NTD	O
might	O
be	O
important	O
during	O
the	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
process	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
criteria	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

For	O
each	O
imputation	O
method	O
,	O
we	O
calculated	O
both	O
imputation	O
error	O
and	O
the	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
curve	O
for	O
patients	O
meeting	O
criteria	O
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
≤	O
300	O
)	O
and	O
moderate	O
-	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
≤	O
150	O
).	O

All	O
imputation	O
methods	O
better	O
identified	O
moderate	O
-	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FIO2	O
≤	O
150	O
);	O
nonlinear	O
imputation	O
remained	O
superior	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinicopathological	O
spectrum	O
of	O
snake	B-SPEC
bite	B-PROC
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
from	O
India	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
(	O
RT	O
)-	O
associated	O
DNA	O
polymerase	O
(	O
RDDP	O
)	O
and	O
ribonucleaser	O
H	O
(	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
)	O
functions	O
are	O
both	O
essential	O
for	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
genome	O
replication	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
new	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
to	O
block	O
both	O
of	O
them	O
is	O
a	O
goal	O
actively	O
pursued	O
by	O
the	O
scientific	O
community	O
.	O

Aliquots	O
were	O
removed	O
at	O
various	O
time	O
points	O
followed	O
by	O
preparing	O
serial	O
10	O
-	O
fold	O
dilutions	O
and	O
inoculating	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
cultures	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
surviving	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Soybean	B-SPEC
meal	O
had	O
the	O
greatest	O
delta	O
value	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
50	O
days	O
)	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
06	O
)	O
as	O
compared	O
with	O
all	O
other	O
ingredients	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
concentration	O
of	O
kallistatin	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
to	O
determine	O
their	O
potential	O
correlation	O
with	O
disease	O
severity	O
and	O
outcomes	O
.	O

High	O
kallistatin	B-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
also	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
decreased	O
risk	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
positive	O
blood	B-ANAT
cultures	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
inverse	O
correlations	O
between	O
day	O
1	O
kallistatin	O
levels	O
and	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
SOFA	O
scores	O
on	O
day	O
1	O
.	O

Co	O
-	O
crystallization	O
studies	O
further	O
revealed	O
critical	O
molecular	O
interactions	O
between	O
UbVs	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
or	O
CCHFV	B-SPEC
vDUBs	O
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
the	O
observed	O
binding	B-FUNC
specificity	O
and	O
high	O
affinity	O
.	O

Phosphine	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
respiratory	O
toxin	O
that	O
inhibits	O
cytochrome	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
oxidase	I-PRGE
system	O
resulting	O
in	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
liver	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Run	B-PRGE
Rat	I-PRGE
®	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
commonly	O
used	O
rodenticide	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
toxic	O
effects	O
are	O
mediated	O
through	O
conversion	O
of	O
phosphide	B-CHED
to	O
phosphine	B-CHED
gas	B-ENZY
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
an	O
antidote	B-CHED
and	O
advanced	O
resuscitative	O
measures	O
such	O
as	O
inotropic	O
supportive	O
therapy	O
and	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
facilities	O
at	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
peripheral	O
hospitals	O
pose	O
a	O
major	O
challenge	O
in	O
providing	O
timely	O
interventions	O
to	O
prevent	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

Case	O
1	O
showed	O
delayed	O
symptom	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
after	O
a	O
four	O
-	O
day	O
asymptomatic	O
period	O
,	O
Case	O
2	O
experienced	O
a	O
20	O
-	O
day	O
incubation	O
period	O
,	O
and	O
Case	O
3	O
exhibited	O
persistent	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
without	O
clinical	O
deterioration	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
and	O
prognostic	O
values	O
of	O
Club	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
16	I-PRGE
(	O
CC16	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
critical	O
care	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
serum	B-COMP
CC16	O
levels	O
were	O
significantly	O
greater	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
than	O
in	O
survivors	O
from	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
.	O

CC16	B-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
ICU	O
stay	O
but	O
not	O
hospital	O
stay	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
of	O
alpha	O
-	O
and	O
betacoronaviruses	O
in	O
rodents	B-SPEC
from	O
Yunnan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
infect	O
various	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
to	O
date	O
,	O
relatively	O
few	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
rodents	B-SPEC
worldwide	O
.	O

Further	O
surveillance	O
and	O
functional	O
studies	O
of	O
these	O
coronaviruses	O
will	O
help	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
rodent	B-SPEC
as	O
host	B-COMP
for	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
EXTRACORPOREAL	O
MEMBRANE	B-COMP
OXYGENATION	B-PROC
IN	O
ISRAEL	O
:	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
YEARS	O
OF	O
EXPERIENCE	O
AT	O
THE	O
LARGEST	O
ECMO	O
TREATMENT	O
CENTER	O
IN	O
ISRAEL	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Neutrophils	B-ANAT
are	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
are	O
well	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
present	O
during	O
many	O
types	O
of	O
lung	O
diseases	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Neutrophils	B-ANAT
increase	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
during	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
mild	O
seasonal	O
IAV	O
,	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
epidemic	O
IAV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
emerging	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
(	O
HPAI	B-FUNC
).	O

In	O
general	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
systems	O
can	O
be	O
differentiated	B-PROC
:	O
devices	O
for	O
extracorporeal	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
removal	O
(	O
ECCO	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
outcome	O
of	O
subjects	O
with	O
ARDS	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
etiology	O
and	O
severity	O
in	O
a	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
Network	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
.	O

Outcomes	O
were	O
modeled	O
with	O
multivariable	O
regressions	B-DISO
adjusted	O
for	O
baseline	O
covariates	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
race	O
,	O
Acute	O
Physiology	O
and	O
Chronic	O
Health	O
Evaluation	O
III	O
(	O
APACHE	O
III	O
),	O
vasopressor	O
use	O
,	O
modified	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
,	O
diabetes	B-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
,	O
cancer	B-DISO
status	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
,	O
pre	O
-	O
ICU	O
location	O
,	O
ICU	O
location	O
,	O
and	O
study	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
statistically	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
28	O
-	O
d	O
mortality	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
severity	O
.	O

Subjects	O
with	O
trauma	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
other	O
etiologies	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
had	O
significantly	O
lower	O
mortality	O
at	O
28	O
d	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
]	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
47	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
26	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
83	O
,	O
Severity	O
of	O
ARDS	O
based	O
on	O
P	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
2	O
,	O
914	O
subjects	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
these	O
trials	O
.	O

The	O
prone	O
posture	O
results	O
in	O
more	O
uniform	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
when	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
supine	O
posture	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
an	O
anatomical	O
bias	B-SPEC
for	O
greater	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
to	O
dorsal	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
examined	O
the	O
longitudinal	O
relationship	O
between	O
neurocognitive	O
and	O
neurophysiologic	O
markers	O
among	O
healthy	O
HCV	B-SPEC
-	O
controls	O
and	O
HCV	O
+	O
adults	O
following	O
successful	O
HCV	B-SPEC
eradication	O
.	O

Findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
a	O
subgroup	O
of	O
HCV	O
+	O
patients	O
experienced	O
improvements	O
in	O
cognitive	O
functioning	O
following	O
eradication	O
of	O
HCV	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
appears	O
related	O
to	O
positive	O
changes	O
in	O
white	B-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
integrity	O
.	O

As	O
an	O
emerging	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
combating	O
it	O
requires	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
understanding	O
of	O
its	O
molecular	O
machinery	O
.	O

HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
complicated	O
by	O
severe	O
intracerebral	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
was	O
detected	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
detailed	O
report	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
cat	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Approximately	O
,	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
many	O
cases	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
confirmed	O
worldwide	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
(	O
KSA	O
).	O

A	O
unique	O
GYQEL	O
motif	O
is	O
identified	O
at	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
terminal	O
of	O
OC43	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
which	O
helps	O
in	O
localization	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
lysosome	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
a	O
novel	O
KLHYT	O
motif	O
is	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasmic	B-ANAT
tail	I-ANAT
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
which	O
helps	O
in	O
ER	O
or	O
ERGIC	B-COMP
localization	B-PROC
.	O

HPS	B-DISO
is	O
endemic	O
in	O
Argentina	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
countries	O
of	O
North	O
and	O
South	O
American	O
.	O

These	O
profiles	O
suggest	O
a	O
strong	O
activation	O
of	O
an	O
innate	O
immune	O
and	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
are	O
associated	O
with	O
HPS	B-DISO
,	O
relative	O
to	O
HFRS	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
robust	O
activation	O
of	O
Th1	O
-	O
type	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
our	O
analysis	O
suggest	O
that	O
serum	B-COMP
cytokines	O
profiles	O
of	O
HPS	B-DISO
and	O
HFRS	B-DISO
cases	O
are	O
consistent	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
extracellular	B-PROC
matrix	I-PROC
degradation	I-PROC
,	O
increased	O
mononuclear	B-ANAT
leukocyte	I-ANAT
proliferation	O
,	O
and	O
transendothelial	B-PROC
migration	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
in	O
April	O
2015	O
led	O
to	O
186	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
37	O
deaths	B-PROC
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
October	O
2015	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
using	O
bioinformatics	O
methods	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
the	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
identified	O
a	O
potential	O
B	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitope	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
E	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
might	O
significantly	O
improve	O
our	O
current	O
MERS	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
strategies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
severity	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
is	O
partially	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
response	O
mounted	O
by	O
infected	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Murine	B-SPEC
models	O
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
in	O
vitro	O
studies	O
using	O
murine	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
provide	O
mechanistic	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
observed	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
microarray	O
analysis	O
to	O
compare	O
changes	O
in	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
infected	O
individually	O
by	O
three	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
causing	O
mild	O
(	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
RV1B	O
),	O
moderate	O
(	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
MHV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
),	O
and	O
severe	O
(	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
PR8	O
)	O
disease	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

RV1B	O
infection	O
caused	O
numerous	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
changes	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
differential	O
effect	O
peaked	O
at	O
12	O
hours	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Signature	O
genes	O
were	O
identified	O
for	O
each	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
included	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
genes	O
for	O
PR8	O
,	O
tissue	B-PROC
remodeling	I-PROC
genes	O
for	O
RV1B	O
,	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
factors	O
for	O
MHV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
acute	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
dehydration	B-DISO
,	O
weight	O
loss	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
disease	O
causes	O
substantial	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
.	O

Presently	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
effective	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
available	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
plant	B-SPEC
expression	B-PROC
systems	O
have	O
gained	O
interest	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
for	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
because	O
of	O
many	O
advantages	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
low	O
production	O
cost	O
,	O
lack	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
pathogen	O
,	O
large	O
scalability	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O

Clinical	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
multiple	O
candidate	O
vaccines	O
was	O
then	O
initiated	O
in	O
parallel	O
with	O
attempts	O
to	O
contain	O
the	O
outbreak	O
but	O
only	O
one	O
vaccine	O
was	O
eventually	O
tested	O
in	O
a	O
phase	O
III	O
trial	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
gives	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
one	O
such	O
vaccine	O
platform	O
,	O
replication	O
-	O
deficient	O
simian	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
describes	O
progress	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
livestock	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
for	O
three	O
outbreak	O
pathogens	O
,	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Rift	B-SPEC
Valley	I-SPEC
Fever	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Patient	O
1	O
had	O
mild	O
facial	B-DISO
dysmorphism	I-DISO
and	O
died	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
second	O
ELT	O
crisis	O
at	O
3	O
-	O
11	O
/	O
12	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
infected	O
more	O
than	O
1900	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
since	O
2012	O
.	O

All	O
vaccines	O
contained	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
spike	O
gene	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
;	O
ChAdOx1	O
MERS	O
vaccines	O
were	O
produced	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
the	O
leader	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ENZY
plasminogen	I-ENZY
activator	I-ENZY
gene	O
(	O
tPA	B-FUNC
)	O
where	O
MVA	B-CHED
MERS	O
vaccines	O
were	O
produced	O
with	O
tPA	B-FUNC
,	O
but	O
either	O
the	O
mH5	O
or	O
F11	O
promoter	O
driving	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
.	O

MVA	B-CHED
MERS	O
with	O
mH5	O
or	O
F11	B-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
induced	O
similar	O
antibody	B-COMP
levels	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
F11	B-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
enhanced	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
immunogenicity	O
of	O
MVA	B-CHED
MERS	O
to	O
significantly	O
higher	O
magnitudes	O
.	O

ChAdOx1	O
and	O
MVA	B-CHED
vectored	O
vaccines	O
have	O
been	O
safely	O
evaluated	O
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
these	O
MERS	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
should	O
now	O
be	O
tested	O
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
and	O
in	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nonstructural	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
multifunctional	O
protein	B-CHED
that	O
comprises	O
multiple	O
structural	O
domains	O
.	O

High	O
structural	O
similarity	O
to	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
nsp3	B-PRGE
is	O
present	O
.	O

Robust	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
all	O
survivors	O
who	O
had	O
severe	O
disease	O
;	O
responses	O
remained	O
detectable	O
,	O
albeit	O
with	O
some	O
waning	O
,	O
for	O
<	O
1	O
year	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	O
emerged	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
(	O
KSA	O
)	O
in	O
2012	O
and	O
has	O
spread	O
to	O
26	O
countries	O
.	O

The	O
epidemic	O
pattern	O
in	O
KSA	O
was	O
more	O
complex	O
,	O
with	O
animal	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
,	O
nosocomial	O
and	O
unknown	O
exposure	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
outbreak	O
in	O
SK	O
was	O
more	O
clearly	O
nosocomial	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
collected	O
1004	O
samples	O
involving	O
10	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
from	O
7	O
sites	O
from	O
April	O
2015	O
to	O
May	O
2016	O
,	O
and	O
examined	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
using	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
based	O
methods	O
.	O

The	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
KNU	O
-	O
1601	O
is	O
28	O
,	O
053	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
(	O
nt	O
)	O
in	O
length	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
24	O
nt	O
and	O
15	O
nt	O
longer	O
than	O
the	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
G1	O
classical	O
and	O
G2	O
epidemic	O
field	O
strains	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Rapid	O
and	O
accurate	O
testing	O
at	O
the	O
point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
need	O
(	O
PON	O
)	O
supports	O
prevention	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
spread	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
clinical	O
disease	O
.	O

Nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
most	O
abundant	O
viral	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
an	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
antagonist	B-PROC
in	O
several	O
CoVs	O
,	O
including	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
CoV	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
the	O
underlying	O
molecular	O
mechanism	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
MHV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
inhibited	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
poly	O
(	O
I	O
:	O
C	O
)-	O
induced	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
by	O
targeting	B-PROC
a	O
molecule	O
upstream	O
of	O
retinoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
induced	O
gene	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
(	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
)	O
and	O
melanoma	B-PATH
differentiation	B-PROC
gene	O
5	O
(	O
MDA5	O
).	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
two	O
patients	O
with	O
VZV	B-SPEC
-	O
CAP	B-DISO
were	O
included	O
.	O

Steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
did	O
not	O
influence	O
mortality	O
,	O
but	O
increased	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
superinfection	B-DISO
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
these	O
three	O
phenotypes	O
had	O
distinct	O
quantitative	O
trait	O
loci	O
[	O
Chr	B-DISO
9	O
(	O
weight	O
loss	O
),	O
Chrs	B-DISO
7	O
and	O
12	O
(	O
virus	O
titer	O
),	O
and	O
Chr	B-DISO
15	O
(	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
)].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Winter	B-DISO
dysentery	I-DISO
(	O
WD	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
cohort	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
based	O
on	O
reports	O
of	O
herd	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
winter	B-DISO
dysentery	I-DISO
during	O
a	O
regional	O
epidemic	O
in	O
Norway	O
during	O
the	O
winter	O
of	O
2011	O
-	O
2012	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
estimated	O
a	O
total	O
loss	O
of	O
51	O
L	O
/	O
cow	B-SPEC
during	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
from	O
7	O
d	O
before	O
to	O
19	O
d	O
after	O
a	O
reported	O
outbreak	O
.	O

The	O
estimated	O
effect	O
on	O
milk	O
composition	O
was	O
modest	O
,	O
but	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
11	O
%	O
in	O
free	O
fatty	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
and	O
a	O
small	O
increase	O
in	O
fat	O
/	O
protein	B-CHED
ratio	O
indicated	O
that	O
WD	O
might	O
put	O
cows	B-SPEC
into	O
negative	O
energy	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
with	O
a	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
detected	O
in	O
Hungary	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O

In	O
January	O
2016	O
,	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
with	O
occasional	O
vomiting	B-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
a	O
small	O
pig	B-SPEC
farm	O
in	O
Hungary	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
of	O
randomized	O
trials	O
to	O
assess	O
if	O
blood	B-ANAT
purification	O
with	O
continuous	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
hemofiltration	O
(	O
CVVH	O
)	O
reduces	O
mortality	O
in	O
these	O
settings	O
.	O

To	O
estimate	O
the	O
basic	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
we	O
employ	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
2015	O
South	O
Korea	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
and	O
the	O
susceptible	O
-	O
infected	O
-	O
removed	O
(	O
SIR	O
)	O
model	O
,	O
a	O
mathematical	O
model	O
that	O
uses	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
ordinary	O
differential	O
equations	O
(	O
ODEs	O
).	O

Also	O
we	O
derive	O
the	O
basic	O
reproductive	B-PROC
number	O
as	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
parameters	O
of	O
the	O
SIR	O
model	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
worth	O
comparing	O
with	O
the	O
basic	O
reproductive	B-PROC
number	O
of	O
the	O
2014	O
Ebola	O
outbreak	O
in	O
West	O
Africa	O
including	O
Guinea	B-SPEC
,	O
Sierra	O
Leone	O
,	O
and	O
Liberia	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
values	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
.	O

The	O
definition	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
updated	O
in	O
2012	O
and	O
is	O
called	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sedation	B-DISO
Management	O
in	O
Children	O
Supported	O
on	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
sedation	B-DISO
management	O
in	O
children	O
supported	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Secondary	O
analysis	O
of	O
prospectively	O
collected	O
data	O
from	O
a	O
multicenter	O
randomized	O
trial	O
of	O
sedation	B-DISO
(	O
Randomized	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
Sedation	B-DISO
Titration	O
for	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
).	O

Infectious	B-DISO
work	O
-	O
up	O
in	O
1	O
patient	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
did	O
not	O
reveal	O
any	O
other	O
pathogen	O
.	O

They	O
included	O
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
public	O
health	O
experts	O
,	O
environmental	O
scientists	O
,	O
veterinary	O
and	O
horse	B-SPEC
industry	O
representatives	O
,	O
and	O
wildlife	O
experts	O
.	O

The	O
group	O
determined	O
that	O
the	O
likely	O
reservoir	O
must	O
occur	O
in	O
disparate	O
locations	O
,	O
and	O
be	O
capable	O
of	O
moving	B-PROC
between	O
locations	O
,	O
or	O
exist	O
in	O
continuous	O
,	O
overlapping	O
populations	O
spanning	O
multiple	O
locations	O
.	O

Dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
were	O
imported	O
to	O
Australia	O
,	O
principally	O
between	O
1880	O
and	O
1907	O
and	O
have	O
since	O
become	O
a	O
large	O
feral	O
population	O
inhabiting	O
extensive	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
continent	O
.	O

This	O
finding	O
presents	O
various	O
hypotheses	O
about	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
the	O
emergence	O
and	O
spread	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
throughout	O
populations	O
of	O
camels	O
in	O
Africa	O
and	O
Asia	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
partially	O
resolved	O
by	O
testing	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
original	O
source	O
region	O
,	O
which	O
we	O
have	O
inferred	O
was	O
mainly	O
northwestern	O
Pakistan	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emerging	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
represent	O
a	O
substantial	O
threat	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
as	O
demonstrated	O
with	O
numerous	O
outbreaks	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
years	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
2013	O
-	O
2016	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
western	O
Africa	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
in	O
northern	O
Mali	O
have	O
high	O
seropositivity	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
high	O
percentage	O
(	O
up	O
to	O
90	O
%)	O
of	O
dromedary	O
camels	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
eastern	O
and	O
central	O
Africa	O
have	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chicken	B-PRGE
surfactant	B-CHED
protein	B-CHED
A	I-PRGE
(	O
cSP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
collectin	O
believed	O
to	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
antiviral	B-CHED
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
cSP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-CHED
and	O
its	O
protein	B-CHED
were	O
detected	O
separately	O
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
reverse	O
transcriptional	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
),	O
a	O
sandwich	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
S	O
-	O
ELISA	O
),	O
and	O
an	O
immunohistochemistry	O
assay	O
(	O
IHC	O
).	O

Consequently	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
level	O
of	O
cSP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
AIV	B-SPEC
+	I-SPEC
IBV	I-SPEC
co	O
-	O
infected	O
group	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
AIV	O
-	O
infected	O
group	O
and	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
group	O
by	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
ELISA	O
,	O
and	O
IHC	O
analysis	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analyses	O
revealed	O
that	O
SD	O
and	O
SZ	O
isolates	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
QX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
IBV	I-PRGE
genotype	I-PRGE
and	O
share	O
high	O
homology	O
in	O
their	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genomes	O
.	O

Cross	O
neutralization	O
tests	O
showed	O
high	O
cross	O
neutralization	O
between	O
SD	O
and	O
SZ	O
,	O
but	O
distant	O
relationships	O
with	O
other	O
representative	O
strains	O
of	O
the	O
classical	O
IBV	B-SPEC
serotypes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Tension	B-DISO
enterothorax	O
and	O
hepatothorax	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
diaphragmatic	B-DISO
hernia	I-DISO
:	O
successful	O
emergency	B-DISO
repair	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
70	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
female	O
patient	O
presented	O
with	O
acute	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
at	O
a	O
district	O
general	O
hospital	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
transferred	O
and	O
underwent	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
laparotomy	O
at	O
the	O
Regional	O
Oesophagogastric	B-ANAT
Unit	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
National	O
survey	O
of	O
outcomes	O
and	O
practices	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
904	O
adult	O
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
ICU	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
and	O
15	O
patients	O
met	B-CHED
ARDS	B-DISO
criteria	O
.	O

TGEV	B-PRGE
PUR	I-PRGE
46	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
MAD	B-PROC
is	O
a	O
commonly	O
used	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
strain	O
that	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
attenuated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
.	O

G	O
+	O
C	O
compositional	O
constraint	O
and	O
dinucleotide	B-CHED
composition	O
also	O
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
overall	O
pattern	O
of	O
BCoV	O
codon	O
usage	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Geo	O
-	O
economic	O
variations	O
in	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
patterns	O
of	O
care	O
,	O
and	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
insights	O
from	O
the	O
LUNG	B-ANAT
SAFE	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
characterise	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
these	O
geo	O
-	O
economic	O
variations	O
in	O
patients	O
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
Large	O
Observational	O
Study	O
to	O
Understand	O
the	O
Global	O
Impact	O
of	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
(	O
LUNG	B-ANAT
SAFE	O
).	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
or	O
with	O
ratios	O
of	O
the	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
Important	O
geo	O
-	O
economic	O
differences	O
exist	O
in	O
the	O
severity	O
,	O
clinician	O
recognition	O
,	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
in	O
patients	O
'	O
outcomes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Acute	B-DISO
cor	I-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
].	O

Despite	O
the	O
improvement	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
methods	O
,	O
the	O
mortality	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
in	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
40	O
%-	O
50	O
%	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

We	O
surveyed	O
the	O
diversity	O
of	O
CoVs	O
in	O
multiple	O
host	B-COMP
taxa	O
from	O
twenty	O
countries	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
factors	O
driving	O
viral	O
diversity	O
at	O
a	O
global	O
scale	O
.	O

These	O
were	O
older	O
,	O
had	O
more	O
frequent	O
chronic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
presented	O
with	O
less	O
severe	O
SOFA	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
SOFA	O
scores	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

Eight	O
percent	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
have	O
no	O
identified	O
risk	O
factor	O
,	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
whom	O
have	O
no	O
etiological	O
diagnosis	O
made	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
2813	O
patients	O
,	O
234	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
[	O
7	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
3	O
])	O
had	O
no	O
ARDS	B-DISO
risk	O
factor	O
identified	O
.	O

No	O
severe	O
side	O
effects	O
associated	O
with	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
twenty	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
5	O
groups	O
.	O

Groups	O
3	O
to	O
4	O
received	O
intramuscular	O
injection	O
of	O
cyclophosphamide	B-CHED
to	O
induce	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
and	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
no	O
side	O
effects	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
throughout	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
atopy	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
disease	O
in	O
children	O
hospitalised	O
with	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Groups	O
were	O
compared	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
29	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
20	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
18	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
10	O
%),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
8	O
%),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
(	O
5	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
6	O
%),	O
and	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Tidal	O
changes	O
on	O
CT	O
and	O
progression	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
single	O
set	O
of	O
superimposed	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
-	O
expiratory	B-PROC
CT	O
scans	O
may	O
predict	O
progression	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
outcome	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
;	O
if	O
these	O
preliminary	O
results	O
are	O
validated	O
,	O
this	O
could	O
facilitate	O
clinical	O
trial	O
recruitment	B-DISO
and	O
individualised	O
care	O
.	O

Over	O
the	O
past	O
three	O
years	O
,	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU15	O
has	O
been	O
widely	O
detected	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
East	O
/	O
Southeast	O
Asia	O
and	O
North	O
America	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
fatal	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

Complete	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
HKU15	O
in	O
two	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
samples	O
revealed	O
quasispecies	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
.	O

The	O
outbreak	O
strains	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
possessed	B-DISO
highly	O
similar	O
genome	O
sequences	O
and	O
were	O
clustered	O
monophyletically	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
Asian	O
strains	O
were	O
more	O
diverse	O
and	O
paraphyletic	O
.	O

Evidence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
one	O
herd	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
detection	B-PROC
of	I-PROC
virus	I-PROC
RNA	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
three	O
camels	B-SPEC
and	O
significant	O
increases	O
in	O
the	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
from	O
three	O
others	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
evidence	O
of	O
reinfection	O
of	O
camels	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
previously	O
seropositive	O
,	O
thus	O
suggesting	O
that	O
prior	O
infection	B-DISO
does	O
not	O
provide	O
complete	O
immunity	B-PROC
from	O
reinfection	O
,	O
a	O
finding	O
that	O
is	O
relevant	O
to	O
camel	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
strategies	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
to	O
prevent	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clinical	O
judgement	O
and	O
suspicion	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
based	O
on	O
signs	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
are	O
critical	O
for	O
better	O
patient	O
outcome	O
.	O

We	O
included	O
all	O
patients	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
37	O
)	O
presenting	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
ILI	O
)	O
or	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
(	O
SARI	O
)	O
to	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospital	O
in	O
northwest	O
Pakistan	O
during	O
December	O
2015	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
January	O
2016	O
.	O

Throat	B-ANAT
or	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
36	O
patient	O
and	O
analyzed	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
Influenza	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
by	O
quantitative	O
PCR	O
.	O

Patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
ILI	O
or	O
SARI	O
were	O
febrile	B-PROC
(	O
p	O
&	O
lt	O
;	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
,	O
one	O
sample	O
t	O
-	O
test	O
),	O
significantly	O
tachypneic	O
(	O
p	O
&	O
lt	O
;	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
had	O
critically	O
lower	O
oxygen	O
saturation	O
(	O
p	O
&	O
lt	O
;	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
majority	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
are	O
zoonotic	O
,	O
with	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
originate	O
in	O
wild	O
mammals	B-SPEC
of	O
particular	O
concern	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
Ebola	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

Understanding	O
patterns	O
of	O
viral	O
diversity	O
in	O
wildlife	O
and	O
determinants	O
of	O
successful	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
,	O
or	O
spillover	O
,	O
are	O
therefore	O
key	O
goals	O
for	O
pandemic	O
surveillance	O
programs	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
conduct	B-PROC
a	O
comprehensive	O
analysis	O
of	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
relationships	O
and	O
show	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
infect	O
a	O
given	O
species	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
proportion	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
zoonotic	O
are	O
predictable	O
.	O

The	O
type	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
transmembrane	I-PRGE
serine	B-CHED
protease	I-PRGE
TMPRSS2	I-PRGE
cleaves	O
and	O
activates	O
SARS	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
and	O
potentially	O
also	O
in	O
the	O
infected	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multi	O
-	O
target	O
activity	O
of	O
Hemidesmus	B-SPEC
indicus	I-SPEC
decoction	O
against	O
innovative	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
drug	O
targets	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
Lupeol	O
mode	O
of	O
action	O
.	O

In	O
fact	O
,	O
by	O
virtue	O
of	O
its	O
numerous	O
active	O
metabolites	B-CHED
,	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
indicus	I-SPEC
was	O
able	O
to	O
inhibit	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
RT	O
-	O
associated	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
function	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
HIV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
RT	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
RNA	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
dependent	I-PROC
DNA	I-PROC
polymerase	I-PROC
activity	I-PROC
and	O
the	O
cellular	B-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
glucosidase	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Discovery	O
of	O
a	O
Highly	O
Divergent	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Asian	B-SPEC
House	I-SPEC
Shrew	I-SPEC
from	O
China	O
Illuminates	O
the	O
Origin	O
of	O
the	O
Alphacoronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Wheezing	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
common	O
problem	O
in	O
children	O
under	O
five	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
infections	O
(	O
ARIs	O
).	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
a	O
considerable	O
proportion	O
of	O
ARIs	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

Throat	B-ANAT
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
,	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
multiplex	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
screen	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
1	O
and	O
2	O
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
PIV	O
)	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
and	O
4	O
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
pneumovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
HBoV	O
),	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
Enterovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Parechovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

RSV	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
35	O
%)	O
followed	O
by	O
PIV1	O
,	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
(	O
20	O
%),	O
HBoV	O
(	O
10	O
%)	O
and	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
5	O
%).	O

NF	O
-	O
κB	O
inhibition	B-PROC
also	O
leads	O
to	O
anti	O
-	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
are	O
pathogens	O
with	O
a	O
serious	O
impact	O
on	O
human	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
health	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
summarizes	O
our	O
current	O
understanding	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
at	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
infected	O
cell	B-COMP
,	O
with	O
special	O
attention	O
for	O
the	O
assembly	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
RNA	O
-	O
synthesising	O
machinery	O
and	O
the	O
evasion	O
of	O
cellular	B-COMP
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	B-PROC
)	O
has	O
become	O
well	O
established	O
technique	O
of	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
Veno	O
-	O
Venous	B-ANAT
ECMO	B-PROC
)	O
or	O
circulatory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
Veno	O
-	O
Arterial	B-ANAT
ECMO	B-PROC
)	O
which	O
enables	O
effective	O
blood	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
removal	O
for	O
several	O
weeks	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
Rapamycin	B-CHED
had	O
no	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effect	O
against	O
H1N1	O
,	O
H3N2	B-CHED
and	O
novel	O
-	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
viruses	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
of	O
3	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
β	O
-	O
chacotriosyl	O
oleanic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
derivatives	O
as	O
entry	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
for	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
H5N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
virus	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
1	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
resting	B-ANAT
CD4	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
plays	O
a	O
crucial	O
and	O
numerically	O
dominant	O
role	O
during	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
at	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
sites	O
and	O
during	O
subsequent	O
acute	O
replication	O
and	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
depletion	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
pauci	O
-	O
immune	O
necrotizing	O
small	B-ANAT
vessel	I-ANAT
vasculitis	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
usually	O
affects	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
,	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
authors	O
present	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
55	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
who	O
was	O
admitted	O
with	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
anemia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
murmur	O
.	O

During	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
diagnostic	O
workup	O
disclosed	O
a	O
normal	O
kidney	B-ANAT
size	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
parenchymal	O
thickness	O
.	O

A	O
renal	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
was	O
undertaken	O
but	O
the	O
specimen	O
was	O
exiguous	O
,	O
showing	O
4	O
sclerotic	B-DISO
glomeruli	O
and	O
1	O
glomerulus	B-ANAT
with	O
crescentic	B-DISO
glomerulonephritis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
search	O
for	O
ANCA	B-PRGE
was	O
positive	O
.	O

Although	O
AS	O
was	O
present	O
at	O
autopsy	O
and	O
classified	O
as	O
moderate	O
/	O
severe	O
,	O
this	O
lesion	O
was	O
a	O
bystander	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
this	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
end	O
of	O
life	O
,	O
demonstrating	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
autopsy	O
for	O
medical	O
learning	B-PROC
and	O
reasoning	O
purposes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Closed	O
-	O
loop	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
:	O
a	O
novel	O
physiological	O
-	O
feedback	O
mode	O
following	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
the	O
open	O
lung	O
concept	O
.	O

Dromedary	O
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
the	O
main	O
reservoir	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
but	O
other	O
livestock	O
species	B-SPEC
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
alpacas	B-SPEC
,	O
llamas	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
pigs	B-SPEC
)	O
are	O
also	O
susceptible	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Animal	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
transmission	O
in	O
alpacas	B-SPEC
was	O
reported	O
,	O
but	O
evidence	O
for	O
transmission	O
in	O
other	O
species	B-SPEC
has	O
not	O
been	O
proved	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
explored	O
pig	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
pig	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
transmission	O
experimentally	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
is	O
being	O
more	O
commonly	O
used	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
due	O
to	O
potentially	O
reversible	O
illnesses	O
.	O

Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
successively	O
emerged	O
,	O
causing	O
severe	O
epidemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
immunologically	O
naïve	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
throughout	O
the	O
globe	B-ANAT
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
high	O
genetic	O
homology	O
in	O
the	O
S1	O
gene	O
between	O
the	O
four	O
strains	O
,	O
the	O
heterogeneity	O
in	O
biological	O
behaviour	B-PROC
of	O
these	O
different	O
Q1	O
strains	O
was	O
substantial	O
.	O

These	O
differences	O
were	O
seen	O
in	O
embryonated	O
eggs	O
,	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
,	O
in	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
in	O
level	O
of	O
cross	O
-	O
protection	O
by	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Massachusetts	O
(	O
Mass	O
)	O
vaccination	O
.	O

Six	O
patients	O
met	B-CHED
our	O
selection	O
criteria	O
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
records	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
case	O
reports	O
from	O
the	O
literature	O
search	O
were	O
also	O
included	O
.	O

Gurd	O
and	O
Wilson	O
criteria	O
or	O
the	O
Schonfeld	O
Fat	B-DISO
Embolism	I-DISO
Index	O
are	O
useful	O
diagnostic	O
tools	O
for	O
FES	O
in	O
SCD	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viruses	O
are	O
major	O
aetiological	O
agents	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
young	O
children	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
CHS	B-DISO
as	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
lateral	O
medullary	B-ANAT
infarction	B-DISO
after	O
endovascular	B-ANAT
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Kidney	B-ANAT
Cell	I-ANAT
-	O
Adapted	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
ArkDPI	O
Vaccine	O
is	O
Stable	O
and	O
Protective	O
.	O

Time	O
course	O
of	O
SARI	O
cases	O
corresponded	O
well	O
to	O
results	O
from	O
primary	O
care	O
surveillance	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
circulation	B-PROC
.	O

It	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
cause	O
of	O
pyogenic	O
extraoral	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Development	B-PROC
of	O
criteria	O
for	O
ECLS	O
implementation	O
can	O
guide	O
appropriate	O
resources	O
utilization	O
and	O
may	O
prevent	O
their	O
use	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
little	O
to	O
no	O
chance	O
of	O
survival	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
types	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
)	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
23	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
human	B-SPEC
enterovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
16	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
5	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
types	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
)	O
in	O
5	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
types	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
)	O
in	O
3	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
in	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
NL63	O
,	O
OC43	O
,	O
229E	O
,	O
and	O
HKU1	O
)	O
in	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
and	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
%.	O

The	O
characteristics	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
patients	O
receiving	O
PEG	B-CHED
concomitantly	O
with	O
a	O
tracheostomy	O
(	O
CTPEG	O
)	O
and	O
those	O
receiving	O
delayed	B-PRGE
PEG	I-PRGE
(	O
DPEG	O
)	O
after	O
a	O
tracheostomy	O
were	O
compared	O
.	O

Consecutive	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
NCCU	O
from	O
April	O
2007	O
to	O
July	O
2013	O
who	O
underwent	O
percutaneous	O
tracheostomy	O
and	O
gastrostomy	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
percutaneous	O
tracheostomy	O
team	O
were	O
included	O
and	O
grouped	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
PEG	B-CHED
placement	O
:	O
CTPEG	O
versus	O
DPEG	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
recombinant	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
as	O
probes	O
to	O
perform	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
affinity	O
histochemistry	O
in	O
paraffin	O
-	O
embedded	O
tissues	B-ANAT
,	O
although	O
no	O
tissue	B-ANAT
or	O
enteric	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
FECV	B-PRGE
UU7	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
detected	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
by	O
immunohistochemistry	O
that	O
the	O
tissue	B-ANAT
distribution	O
of	O
FIPV	B-PRGE
UU4	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	O
bound	O
cells	B-COMP
correlated	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
FIPV	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
positive	O
cells	B-ANAT
and	O
lesions	O
associated	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
and	O
that	O
the	O
affinity	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
FIPV	B-PRGE
UU4	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
on	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
was	O
not	O
affected	O
by	O
enzymatic	O
removal	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
-	O
surface	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
with	O
neuraminidase	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Asthma	B-DISO
-	O
COPD	B-DISO
Overlap	O
Shows	O
Favorable	O
Clinical	O
Outcomes	O
Compared	O
to	O
Pure	B-FUNC
COPD	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
Korean	O
COPD	B-DISO
Cohort	O
.	O

Among	O
1	O
,	O
504	O
patients	O
with	O
COPD	B-DISO
,	O
223	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
ACO	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
ACO	O
showed	O
a	O
higher	O
likelihood	O
of	O
FEV1	O
recovery	O
than	O
those	O
with	O
pure	B-FUNC
COPD	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

We	O
evaluated	O
variability	O
in	O
delayed	O
fixation	O
(≥	O
24	O
hours	O
)	O
between	O
trauma	O
centers	O
participating	O
in	O
the	O
American	O
College	O
of	O
Surgeons	O
(	O
ACS	B-FUNC
)	O

It	O
is	O
important	O
to	O
carefully	O
evaluate	O
suspected	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
patients	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
other	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
TB	O
,	O
especially	O
if	O
cohorting	O
is	O
done	O
for	O
suspected	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
avoid	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
.	O

The	O
sows	O
of	O
the	O
G4	O
and	O
L	O
groups	O
had	O
the	O
fewest	O
piglets	O
weaned	B-PROC
(	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
±	O
0	O
.	O
3	O
pigs	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
greatest	O
pre	O
-	O
weaning	B-PROC
mortality	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
1	O
±	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
and	O
39	O
.	O
7	O
±	O
4	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
piglets	O
weaned	B-PROC
and	O
pre	O
-	O
weaning	B-PROC
mortality	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
among	O
the	O
G1	O
,	O
G2	O
,	O
G3	O
,	O
and	O
uninfected	O
groups	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
clinical	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
an	O
intense	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
with	O
different	O
etiologies	O
.	O

α	O
-	O
bis	B-FUNC
-	O
loaded	O
LNCs	O
(	O
α	O
-	O
bis	B-FUNC
-	O
LNCs	O
)	O
were	O
prepared	O
by	O
interfacial	O
deposition	O
of	O
poly	O
(	O
ε	O
-	O
caprolactone	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
orally	B-ANAT
administered	O
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
triggered	O
by	O
an	O
intranasal	O
administration	O
of	O
lipopolysaccharide	O
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
).	O

Selection	O
bias	B-SPEC
due	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
random	O
selection	O
is	O
a	O
significant	O
issue	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
-	O
control	O
design	O
,	O
and	O
losses	O
to	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
is	O
equally	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
cohort	O
design	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
H5N1	B-DISO
induced	O
the	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
200c	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3p	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
was	O
then	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
target	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
untranslated	O
region	O
of	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
.	O

Then	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
1	O
and	O
viral	O
RNA	O
of	O
H5N1	B-DISO
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
200c	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3p	I-PRGE
during	O
viral	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
.	O

Birds	B-SPEC
were	O
monitored	O
for	O
clinical	O
and	O
pathological	O
outcomes	O
and	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
for	O
10days	O
post	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
DPI	O
).	O

Mortalities	O
were	O
only	O
recorded	O
in	O
mixed	O
AIV	O
-	O
H9N2	O
/	O
variant	O
IBV	B-SPEC
challenge	O
group	O
.	O

AIV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
H9N2	I-PRGE
challenge	O
caused	O
tracheal	O
petechial	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
that	O
progressed	O
to	O
tracheal	O
congestion	B-DISO
and	O
caseation	O
.	O

In	O
mixed	O
AIV	O
-	O
H9N2	O
/	O
variant	O
IBV	B-SPEC
challenge	O
severe	O
congestion	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
tracheal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
and	O
excessive	O
exudates	B-ANAT
with	O
a	O
tendency	O
to	O
form	O
tubular	O
casts	B-ANAT
were	O
observed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Outbreaks	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	B-DISO
)	O
have	O
resulted	O
in	O
significant	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
,	O
and	O
another	O
PED	B-DISO
outbreak	O
occurred	O
in	O
2014	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

Viral	O
propagation	O
was	O
confirmed	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
based	O
on	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
,	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
,	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
,	O
and	O
electron	O
microscopic	O
analyses	O
.	O

The	O
performance	O
analysis	O
was	O
conducted	O
for	O
two	O
different	O
purposes	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
prediction	O
of	O
neutralization	O
activity	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
epidemiologic	O
surveillance	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
among	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
exposed	O
individuals	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Autophagy	B-PROC
is	O
a	O
conserved	O
intracellular	O
catabolic	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
that	O
allows	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
maintain	O
homeostasis	B-PROC
through	O
the	O
degradation	O
of	O
deleterious	O
components	O
via	O
specialized	O
double	O
-	O
membrane	B-COMP
vesicles	B-COMP
called	O
autophagosomes	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
analyzed	O
how	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
distributed	O
during	O
the	O
2	O
years	O
study	O
.	O

The	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
)-	O
γ	O
and	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
/	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
10	O
ratio	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
.	O

The	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
)-	O
γ	O
and	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
/	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
10	O
ratio	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
.	O

Demographic	O
data	O
,	O
type	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
,	O
analytical	O
data	O
at	O
admission	O
,	O
treatment	O
,	O
need	O
for	O
admission	O
to	O
a	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
,	O
microbiological	O
data	O
,	O
hospital	O
stay	O
and	O
evolution	O
were	O
collected	O
.	O

In	O
50	O
(	O
96	O
%)	O
cases	O
,	O
SGA	O
was	O
isolated	O
in	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
sterile	B-DISO
sample	O
.	O

Skin	B-ANAT
and	O
soft	B-DISO
tissue	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
were	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
14	O
patients	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
14	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
pneumonias	B-DISO
,	O
12	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
bones	B-ANAT
and	O
joints	B-ANAT
infections	B-DISO
,	O
10	O
(	O
19	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
SSTS	O
,	O
6	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
occult	O
bacteremia	B-DISO
,	O
4	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
meningitis	B-DISO
and	O
2	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
incongruence	O
analysis	O
reveals	O
that	O
both	O
strains	O
have	O
a	O
mosaic	O
genome	O
that	O
arose	O
by	O
recombination	B-PROC
between	O
Euro	B-SPEC
Asiatic	O
strains	O
of	O
the	O
GI	O
-	O
16	O
lineage	O
and	O
ancestral	O
South	O
American	O
GI	O
-	O
11	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
recombination	B-PROC
occurred	O
in	O
South	O
America	O
and	O
produced	O
two	O
viral	O
variants	O
that	O
have	O
retained	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
S1	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
parental	O
lineages	O
but	O
are	O
extremely	O
similar	O
in	O
the	O
rest	B-FUNC
of	O
their	O
genomes	O
.	O

Bat	B-SPEC
flies	I-SPEC
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
are	O
highly	O
specialized	O
obligate	O
hematophagous	O
ectoparasites	O
that	O
incidentally	O
bite	B-PROC
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
ECCO	O
Optimized	O
use	O
of	O
NIV	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
remains	O
standard	O
of	O
care	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Gilts	O
fed	O
the	O
high	O
and	O
medium	O
diets	O
reached	O
puberty	B-PROC
10	O
and	O
6days	O
earlier	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
than	O
gilts	O
fed	O
the	O
low	O
lysine	B-CHED
diet	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Significant	O
differences	O
were	O
observed	O
between	O
provincial	O
hospitals	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
district	O
hospitals	O
in	O
regards	O
to	O
availability	O
of	O
central	O
oxygen	B-CHED
piping	O
system	O
(	O
78	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
vs	O
38	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
100	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
vs	O
73	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
),	O
mobile	O
x	O
-	O
rays	B-SPEC
(	O
80	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
vs	O
29	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
carbapenem	B-CHED
antibiotic	B-CHED
(	O
73	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
vs	O
17	O
.	O
4	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
norepinephrine	B-CHED
(	O
95	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
vs	O
56	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
limited	O
availability	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
analyzers	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
(	O
42	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
and	O
N95	O
respirators	O
(	O
54	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
across	O
all	O
hospitals	O
surveyed	O
.	O

February	O
2013	O
,	O
an	O
elderly	O
man	B-CHED
,	O
who	O
visited	O
Pakistan	O
and	O
KSA	O
,	O
was	O
confirmed	O
as	O
MRS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
in	O
UK	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Arrived	O
on	O
16th	O
December	O
2012	O
,	O
mostly	O
stayed	O
at	O
daughter	O
'	O
s	O
house	O
,	O
visited	O
by	O
relatives	O
,	O
on	O
19th	O
January	O
,	O
left	O
for	O
KSA	O
accompanied	O
by	O
daughter	O
,	O
developed	O
fever	B-DISO
with	I-DISO
chills	I-DISO
and	O
body	B-ANAT
aches	B-DISO
on	O
23rd	O
January	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
microRNAs	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
based	O
on	O
microRNA	O
expression	B-PROC
profile	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
four	O
downregulated	O
rno	O
‑	O
let	O
‑	O
7	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
were	O
detected	O
to	O
have	O
numerous	O
co	O
‑	O
regulated	O
target	O
genes	O
and	O
synergistic	O
functions	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
target	O
genes	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
miRNAs	O
were	O
significantly	O
enriched	O
the	O
biological	B-PROC
processes	I-PROC
of	O
wounding	O
and	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Raccoons	O
(	O
Procyon	B-SPEC
lotor	I-SPEC
)	O
are	O
found	O
worldwide	O
.	O

We	O
examined	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
100	O
wild	O
raccoons	B-SPEC
in	O
Japan	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
six	O
canine	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
veterinary	O
significance	O
to	O
assess	O
their	O
potential	O
as	O
reservoirs	O
.	O

Further	O
study	O
should	O
include	O
isolation	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
canine	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
wild	O
raccoons	B-SPEC
from	O
a	O
wider	O
area	O
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
blocked	O
the	O
p65	B-PRGE
activation	O
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
suppressed	O
the	O
PRD	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
was	O
detected	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
in	O
seven	O
years	O
in	O
Japan	O
in	O
October	O
2013	O
in	O
Okinawa	O
Prefecture	O
.	O

The	O
strong	O
spatio	O
-	O
temporal	O
clustering	O
of	O
PED	O
-	O
infected	O
farms	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
6	O
months	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
in	O
the	O
southern	O
part	O
of	O
Kyushu	O
is	O
consistent	O
with	O
results	O
obtained	O
elsewhere	O
and	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
rapid	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
naïve	O
populations	O
.	O

At	O
34	O
weeks	O
of	O
gestation	B-PROC
,	O
our	O
patient	O
presented	O
with	O
all	O
clinical	O
and	O
biological	O
symptoms	O
compatible	O
with	O
a	O
TAFRO	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Tough	O
quick	O
cesarean	O
section	O
was	O
performed	O
as	O
symptoms	O
got	O
worse	O
with	O
onset	O
of	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
,	O
and	O
vasopressors	O
.	O

All	O
demographic	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
data	O
from	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
febrile	B-PROC
symptoms	O
as	O
a	O
main	O
complaint	O
were	O
collected	O
.	O

An	O
effective	O
strategy	O
to	O
control	O
emergency	B-DISO
center	O
visits	O
by	O
non	O
-	O
urgent	O
febrile	B-PROC
patients	O
and	O
provide	O
proper	O
medical	O
services	O
is	O
urgently	O
needed	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
long	O
-	O
acting	O
β2	O
-	O
agonists	B-CHED
alone	O
is	O
not	O
appropriate	O
.	O

Management	O
of	O
persistent	B-DISO
asthma	I-DISO
requires	O
avoidance	O
of	O
aggravating	O
environmental	O
factors	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
short	O
-	O
acting	O
β2	O
-	O
agonists	B-CHED
for	O
rapid	O
relief	O
of	O
symptoms	O
,	O
and	O
daily	O
use	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
corticosteroids	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
assemble	O
constitutively	O
in	O
high	O
molecular	O
oligomers	O
.	O

She	O
was	O
treated	O
with	O
steroids	B-CHED
and	O
discharged	O
after	O
her	O
condition	B-DISO
improved	O
.	O

Retrospectively	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
hospitalization	O
was	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
drug	O
reaction	O
with	O
eosinophilia	B-DISO
and	O
systemic	O
symptoms	O
(	O
DRESS	O
).	O

Treating	O
that	O
with	O
steroids	B-CHED
compromised	O
her	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
beyond	O
her	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
primary	B-PATH
immunodeficiency	I-PATH
status	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
characterization	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
dairy	O
cattle	B-SPEC
in	O
Central	O
Region	O
,	O
Thailand	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Use	O
of	O
Xenosurveillance	O
to	O
Detect	O
Human	B-SPEC
Bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
Parasites	O
,	O
and	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Mosquito	B-SPEC
Bloodmeals	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
new	O
strategies	O
to	O
survey	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
for	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
are	O
necessary	O
.	O

Xenosurveillance	O
is	O
a	O
method	O
that	O
utilizes	O
mosquitoes	B-SPEC
as	O
sampling	O
devices	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
genetic	O
signatures	O
of	O
pathogens	O
in	O
vertebrates	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
potential	O
of	O
the	O
platform	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
against	O
other	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
is	O
described	O
.	O

Old	O
age	O
,	O
low	O
albumin	B-PRGE
,	O
altered	O
mentality	O
and	O
high	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
severity	O
index	O
score	O
at	O
admission	O
were	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
mortality	O
.	O

RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
sequencing	O
were	O
performed	O
for	O
specific	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
genes	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
in	O
different	O
bat	B-ENZY
samples	O
.	O

After	O
accounting	O
for	O
confounders	O
,	O
the	O
adjusted	O
rate	O
ratio	O
(	O
aRR	O
)	O
of	O
delays	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
was	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
unknown	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
aRR	O
1	O
.	O
68	O
)	O
and	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
camels	B-SPEC
(	O
aRR	O
1	O
.	O
58	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
No	O
.	O
225	O
-	O
Management	O
Guidelines	O
for	O
Obstetric	O
Patients	O
and	O
Neonates	O
Born	O
to	O
Mothers	O
With	O
Suspected	O
or	O
Probable	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
using	O
laboratory	O
strains	O
of	O
serotype	O
II	O
FIPV	O
WSU	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
(	O
FIPV	O
79	O
-	O
1146	O
)	O
and	O
serotype	O
II	O
FECV	B-SPEC
WSU	O
79	O
-	O
1683	O
(	O
FECV	B-SPEC
79	O
-	O
1683	O
),	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
ADE	B-CHED
and	O
induction	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
factors	O
,	O
for	O
each	O
strain	O
.	O

Histopathological	O
,	O
immunohistochemical	O
and	O
electron	O
microscopic	O
analyses	O
revealed	O
that	O
ARDS	B-DISO
coexisted	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
systemic	O
bleeding	B-DISO
;	O
the	O
severity	O
was	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
hemozoin	O
deposition	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
internal	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
hemorrhaging	O
.	O

ECMO	O
as	O
a	O
BTT	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
only	O
rescue	O
strategy	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
many	O
centers	O
still	O
consider	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
relative	O
contraindication	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
poor	O
outcome	O
.	O

Fourteen	O
patients	O
(	O
73	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
were	O
successfully	O
bridged	O
to	O
transplantation	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
3	O
died	B-PROC
while	O
on	O
the	O
waiting	O
list	O
and	O
2	O
returned	O
to	O
their	O
baseline	O
functions	O
without	O
transplantation	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
support	O
the	O
view	O
that	O
well	O
-	O
selected	O
candidates	O
with	O
acutely	O
decompensated	O
end	O
-	O
stage	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
safely	O
bridged	O
until	O
a	O
suitable	O
donor	B-CHED
is	O
identified	O
.	O

The	O
peak	O
cTnI	O
value	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
patients	O
without	O
OSA	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
OSA	B-DISO
(	O
median	O
,	O
10	O
.	O
7	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
[	O
IQR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
78	O
-	O
40	O
.	O
1	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
]	O
vs	O
3	O
.	O
79	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
[	O
IQR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
37	O
-	O
24	O
.	O
3	O
ng	O
/	O
mL	O
];	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
04	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
MERS	O
and	O
other	O
Viral	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Infections	B-DISO
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
an	O
estimated	O
global	O
incidence	O
of	O
33	O
million	O
cases	O
in	O
children	O
younger	O
than	O
5	O
years	O
,	O
with	O
10	O
%	O
requiring	O
hospital	O
admission	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
199	O
,	O
000	O
dying	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

Hence	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
sow	O
sera	B-COMP
and	O
determine	O
the	O
correlation	O
between	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
results	O
(	O
involving	O
a	O
newly	O
isolated	O
GDS01	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
based	O
ELISA	O
and	O
ELISAs	O
based	O
on	O
seven	O
recombinant	O
fragments	O
comprising	O
overlapping	O
S1	O
and	O
partial	O
S2	O
sequences	O
)	O
and	O
SN	O
titers	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
analyzed	O
the	O
homology	O
of	O
the	O
SP4	B-ANAT
sequences	O
obtained	O
from	O
different	O
strains	O
(	O
including	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
)	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
various	O
strains	O
showed	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
homology	O
in	O
this	O
region	O
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
from	O
the	O
isolated	O
field	O
strains	O
were	O
compared	O
to	O
42	O
published	O
references	O
.	O

Four	O
of	O
the	O
23	O
admitted	O
MERS	O
patients	O
reported	O
neurological	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
during	O
or	O
after	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
potential	O
diagnoses	O
in	O
these	O
four	O
cases	O
included	O
Bickerstaff	O
'	O
s	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
overlapping	O
with	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
intensive	O
-	O
care	O
-	O
unit	O
-	O
acquired	O
weakness	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
other	O
toxic	O
or	O
infectious	B-DISO
neuropathies	B-DISO
.	O

Neurological	O
complications	O
did	O
not	O
appear	O
concomitantly	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
,	O
instead	O
being	O
delayed	O
by	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
weeks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prone	O
position	O
ventilation	O
support	O
for	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
?	O

Whether	O
these	O
benefits	O
of	O
PPV	B-CHED
occur	O
similarly	O
in	O
acute	O
exacerbations	O
of	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
(	O
ILD	O
)	O
is	O
not	O
clear	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
There	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
baseline	O
characteristics	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
except	O
for	O
higher	O
driving	O
pressure	O
and	O
more	O
diastolic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
in	O
ILD	O
group	O
than	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
group	O
Compared	O
with	O
pre	O
-	O
PPV	B-CHED
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
and	O
driving	O
pressure	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
post	O
-	O
PPV	B-CHED
in	O
both	O
groups	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Pediatric	O
Acute	O
Lung	O
Injury	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
developed	O
a	O
pediatric	O
specific	O
definition	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
PARDS	O
).	O

Here	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
challenges	O
faced	O
by	O
polypeptide	B-CHED
segments	O
of	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
vectorial	O
β	O
-	O
barrel	O
fold	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
regarding	O
LIS	B-FUNC
is	O
based	O
on	O
case	O
reports	O
that	O
utilized	O
multidisciplinary	O
interventions	O
focused	O
on	O
improving	O
functional	O
communication	O
and	O
respiratory	O
care	O
with	O
minimal	O
focus	O
on	O
motor	O
retraining	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
received	O
rituximab	O
therapy	O
and	O
plasmapheresis	O
1	O
week	O
before	O
the	O
transplantation	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
he	O
suddenly	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
symptoms	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
suggesting	O
organized	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Infectious	B-DISO
etiology	O
was	O
excluded	O
as	O
evidenced	O
from	O
negative	O
sputum	B-ANAT
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
culture	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
repeated	O
after	O
48	O
h	O
.	O
LDLT	O
was	O
performed	O
and	O
ECMO	O
support	O
was	O
instituted	O
in	O
the	O
immediate	O
postoperative	O
period	O
due	O
to	O
worsening	O
of	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
This	O
is	O
first	O
reported	O
experience	O
of	O
successful	O
use	O
of	O
ECMO	O
in	O
an	O
ABO	O
-	O
incompatible	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipient	O
with	O
rituximab	O
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
experience	O
shows	O
the	O
feasibility	O
and	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
ECMO	O
support	O
in	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
with	O
poor	O
respiratory	O
functions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
electroacupuncture	O
at	O
the	O
Lieque	O
,	O
Chize	O
,	O
and	O
Zusanli	O
points	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
caused	O
by	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
molecular	O
diversity	O
and	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
different	O
provinces	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
completely	O
understood	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
S	O
genes	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
showed	O
variation	O
and	O
that	O
diverse	O
genotypes	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
coexisted	O
and	O
were	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
PED	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
Hubei	O
in	O
2016	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Scytovirin	O
is	O
a	O
lectin	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
cyanobacterium	B-SPEC
Scytonema	B-SPEC
varium	I-SPEC
that	O
has	O
shown	O
activity	O
against	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Zaire	B-SPEC
Ebola	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
mean	O
study	O
subject	O
age	O
was	O
21	O
.	O
8	O
years	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
mean	O
total	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
surface	I-ANAT
area	O
burned	O
of	O
82	O
.	O
9	O
%.	O

A	O
PCR	O
-	O
based	O
method	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
in	O
683	O
diarrhoeic	O
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
449	O
commercial	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
from	O
January	O
2014	O
to	O
December	O
2016	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
Korean	O
PDCoV	O
strains	O
formed	O
different	O
branches	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
cluster	O
,	O
implying	O
continuous	O
evolution	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O

Thirteen	O
Vietnamese	O
variants	O
had	O
a	O
truncated	O
S	O
protein	O
that	O
was	O
261	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
shorter	O
than	O
the	O
normal	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

We	O
also	O
detected	O
one	O
novel	O
variant	O
with	O
an	O
8	O
-	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
insertion	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
region	O
for	O
porcine	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
.	O
Compared	O
to	O
the	O
commercial	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
,	O
the	O
emerging	O
Vietnamese	O
strains	O
were	O
genetically	O
distant	O
and	O
had	O
various	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
differences	O
in	O
epitope	B-CHED
regions	O
and	O
N	O
-	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
in	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
encode	O
five	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
with	O
largely	O
elusive	O
functions	O
.	O

Recombinant	O
FIPVs	O
(	O
rFPIVs	O
)	O
expressing	O
mutant	B-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
FLAG	B-SPEC
-	O
tagged	O
forms	O
of	O
7b	O
were	O
generated	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
processing	O
,	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
,	O
localization	B-PROC
and	O
trafficking	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
7b	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
rFIPV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
a	O
previously	O
predicted	O
ER	O
retention	B-PROC
signal	O
,	O
KTEL	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
7b	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Interventions	O
to	O
minimize	O
mortality	O
from	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
should	O
particularly	O
focus	O
individuals	O
with	O
comorbidity	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
health	O
-	O
care	O
workers	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
no	O
clinical	O
fatal	O
experience	O
,	O
and	O
patients	O
without	O
any	O
clinical	O
and	O
subclinical	O
experiences	O
.	O

We	O
considered	O
whether	O
tetraspanins	O
,	O
scaffolding	O
proteins	B-CHED
known	O
to	O
facilitate	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
hold	O
receptors	O
and	O
proteases	O
together	O
on	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
virulent	O
mouse	B-SPEC
-	O
adapted	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoVs	O
acquired	O
a	O
CD9	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
character	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
CD9	B-PRGE
is	O
a	O
selective	O
agent	O
in	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
CoV	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
in	O
vivo	O
observation	O
was	O
substantiated	O
by	O
demonstrating	O
IBV	B-SPEC
antigens	B-CHED
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
following	O
in	O
vitro	O
IBV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Interprofessional	O
and	O
multidisciplinary	O
collaboration	O
is	O
crucial	O
to	O
modify	O
existing	O
complex	O
care	O
pathways	B-PROC
for	O
our	O
patients	O
and	O
their	O
families	O
to	O
foster	O
optimal	O
rehabilitation	O
and	O
reintegration	O
into	O
the	O
workplace	O
and	O
community	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
included	O
63	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
signs	O
consistent	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
negative	O
or	O
the	O
pathotype	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
determined	O
in	O
34	O
/	O
59	O
effusion	B-DISO
samples	O
.	O

MERS	O
CoV	O
showed	O
high	O
ability	O
to	O
resist	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
by	O
showing	O
lower	O
CpG	O
frequencies	O
.	O

Prevention	O
of	O
arboviral	O
infections	B-DISO
using	O
vector	O
control	O
methods	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
very	O
successful	O
.	O

The	O
Korea	O
reported	O
its	O
first	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
case	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
on	O
May	O
20	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

Immunohistochemistry	O
and	O
image	O
analysis	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
quantify	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
parenchyma	B-ANAT
and	O
small	O
airways	O
,	O
several	O
immune	O
cell	B-COMP
markers	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
higher	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
,	O
CD83	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
granzyme	B-ENZY
A	O
+	O
and	O
natural	O
killer	O
+	O
cell	B-COMP
density	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
parenchyma	I-ANAT
of	O
the	O
H1N1	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

DAD	B-PRGE
due	O
to	O
viral	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
cytotoxic	O
inflammatory	O
phenotype	O
,	O
with	O
partially	O
divergent	O
responses	O
in	O
the	O
parenchyma	B-ANAT
relative	O
to	O
the	O
small	O
airways	O
.	O

The	O
goal	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
clinical	O
course	O
and	O
microbiological	O
susceptibility	O
of	O
VGS	O
BSI	B-CHED
at	O
our	O
center	O
.	O

No	O
difference	O
in	O
signs	O
of	O
shock	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
patients	O
during	O
transplantation	O
procedures	O
compared	O
to	O
patients	O
without	O
transplantation	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
a	O
group	O
received	O
previous	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
chemotherapy	O
with	O
cytosinarabinoside	O
or	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
mucositis	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
detected	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
specific	O
CD4	B-PRGE

The	O
DE	O
miRNAs	O
were	O
further	O
classified	O
into	O
five	O
miRNA	O
expression	B-PROC
patterns	O
(	O
up	O
or	O
down	B-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
compared	O
to	O
control	O
).	O

Individual	O
samples	O
in	O
the	O
positive	O
pools	O
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	B-PRGE
,	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
PCR	O
and	O
Sanger	O
sequencing	O
from	O
the	O
CPE	O
culture	O
and	O
original	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
.	O

Ciliary	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
bronchus	B-SPEC
of	O
precision	O
-	O
cut	O
lung	B-ANAT
slices	O
was	O
measured	O
.	O

Co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
PCLS	O
reduced	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
both	O
virus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
compared	O
to	O
mono	B-DISO
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
previously	O
reported	O
that	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
FCoV	I-PRGE
is	O
closely	O
associated	O
with	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
throughout	O
the	O
viral	B-PROC
life	I-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
inactivated	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
may	O
provide	O
increased	O
protection	O
to	O
piglets	O
nursing	B-PROC
on	O
previously	O
infected	O
sows	O
against	O
exposure	O
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
through	O
increased	O
delivery	O
of	O
lactogenic	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
enteric	O
site	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
documentary	O
proof	O
of	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
and	O
associated	O
pathogens	O
responsible	O
for	O
severe	O
periurban	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
calf	B-ANAT
diarrhoea	B-DISO
culminating	O
in	O
heavy	O
mortality	O
from	O
Northern	O
India	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Critically	B-DISO
Ill	I-DISO
Patients	O
With	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
:	O
A	O
Multicenter	O
Retrospective	O
Cohort	O
Study	O
.	O

The	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
determine	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotype	O
.	O

Cyclooxygenase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
COX	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
promote	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
along	O
with	O
PGE	B-CHED

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapid	O
onset	O
of	O
amiodarone	B-CHED
induced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
toxicity	I-DISO
after	O
lung	B-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
resection	O
-	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
recent	O
literature	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Amiodarone	O
-	O
induced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
toxicity	I-DISO
(	O
APT	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
side	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
that	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
or	O
fatal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
therefore	O
started	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
the	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
did	O
not	O
improve	O
.	O

We	O
immediately	O
started	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
therapy	O
with	O
prednisolone	B-CHED
50	O
mg	O
/	O
d	O
for	O
five	O
days	O
.	O

We	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
wean	B-PROC
the	O
patient	O
from	O
the	O
respirator	O
within	O
five	O
days	O
.	O

Studies	O
of	O
the	O
genetics	O
and	O
molecular	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
are	O
expected	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
vaccines	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Benign	O
acute	O
childhood	O
myositis	O
(	O
BACM	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
syndrome	B-DISO
classically	O
occurring	O
in	O
children	O
during	O
the	O
convalescent	O
phase	O
from	O
a	O
febrile	B-PROC
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
most	O
commonly	O
after	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
.	O
BACM	O
can	O
cause	O
difficulty	O
walking	O
due	O
to	O
severe	O
calf	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
discussed	O
the	O
presentation	O
and	O
the	O
clinical	O
workup	O
and	O
examinations	O
of	O
the	O
myositic	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Viral	O
adaptation	B-PROC
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
response	O
were	O
assessed	O
through	O
RNA	O
sequencing	O
.	O

H3N2	B-CHED
was	O
the	O
strongest	O
cytokine	O
inducer	O
,	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
was	O
the	O
weakest	O
.	O

RNA	O
sequencing	O
highlighted	O
perturbation	O
of	O
tissue	B-ANAT
metabolism	B-PROC
and	O
induction	O
of	O
a	O
transient	O
but	O
important	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
at	O
4	O
days	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
data	O
help	O
to	O
appreciate	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
disease	O
severity	O
observed	O
in	O
vivo	O
and	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
chronic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
immunocompromised	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
disorder	O
is	O
classified	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
defect	O
in	O
motor	B-ANAT
unit	I-ANAT
pathway	B-PROC
,	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
GI	O
-	O
29	O
type	O
γCoV	O
/	O
ck	O
/	O
China	O
/	O
I0111	O
/	O
14	O
isolate	O
was	O
a	O
nephropathogenic	O
strain	O
and	O
high	O
pathogenic	O
to	O
1	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
chickens	B-SPEC
although	O
cystic	O
oviducts	B-ANAT
were	O
not	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
surviving	O
layer	B-ANAT
chickens	B-SPEC
challenged	O
with	O
γCoV	O
/	O
ck	O
/	O
China	O
/	O
I0111	O
/	O
14	O
isolate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lipidation	O
increases	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
fusion	O
-	O
inhibiting	O
peptides	B-CHED
.	O

Their	O
infectious	B-DISO
entry	O
requires	O
viral	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
attach	O
to	O
cell	B-COMP
receptors	O
,	O
undergo	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
cleavage	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
then	O
refold	O
in	O
a	O
process	O
that	O
catalyzes	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
fusion	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Electrical	B-PROC
impedance	I-PROC
tomography	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
monitoring	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
disorders	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
-	O
case	O
report	O
and	O
review	O
of	O
literature	O
.	O

Despite	O
aggressive	B-DISO
treatment	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
improvement	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
body	B-ANAT
mass	O
index	O
was	O
20	O
·	O
1	O
,	O
mean	O
arousal	O
index	O
16	O
·	O
2	O
,	O
mean	O
respiratory	O
disturbance	O
index	O
19	O
·	O
6	O
,	O
mean	O
AHI	O
3	O
·	O
9	O
while	O
the	O
mean	O
Epworth	O
Sleepiness	O
Scale	O
was	O
14	O
·	O
8	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
453	O
samples	O
examined	O
,	O
61	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
75	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
these	O
were	O
considered	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
BR	O
-	O
I	O
genotype	O
and	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
birds	B-SPEC
of	O
all	O
ages	O
distributed	O
in	O
all	O
five	O
Brazilian	O
regions	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
Brazilian	O
IBV	B-SPEC
variants	O
probably	O
underwent	O
drastic	O
mutations	O
at	O
various	O
points	O
between	O
1983	O
and	O
2003	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
selection	O
processes	O
became	O
silent	O
after	O
achieving	O
a	O
sufficiently	O
effective	O
antigenic	O
structure	O
for	O
invasion	B-DISO
and	O
replication	O
in	O
their	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Advancing	O
Preparedness	O
for	O
Highly	O
Hazardous	O
Contagious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
:	O
Admitting	O
10	O
Simulated	O
Patients	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Ebola	O
outbreak	O
of	O
2014	O
-	O
2016	O
highlighted	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
more	O
robust	O
healthcare	O
infrastructure	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
to	O
provide	O
isolation	O
care	O
for	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
highly	O
hazardous	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
and	O
Clinical	O
Validation	O
of	O
Two	O
Field	O
-	O
Deployable	O
Reverse	B-PROC
Transcription	I-PROC
-	O
Insulated	O
Isothermal	O
PCR	O
Assays	O
for	O
the	O
Detection	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
zoonotic	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O

A	O
real	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
time	I-PRGE
reverse	I-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
RPA	B-COMP
(	O
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RPA	I-PRGE
)	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
canine	B-SPEC
distemper	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CDV	B-CHED
)	O
using	O
primers	O
and	O
exo	O
probe	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
CDV	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
developed	O
.	O

First	O
Survival	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
with	O
Extended	O
Duration	O
(	O
Five	O
Weeks	O
)	O
Therapy	O
with	O
High	O
Dose	O
Corticosteroids	O
in	O
Combination	O
with	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Protective	O
Ventilation	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
upper	O
airway	B-ANAT
injury	O
should	O
be	O
suspected	O
and	O
early	O
evaluation	O
by	O
otorhinolaryngology	O
may	O
be	O
beneficial	O
.	O

Anaesthetized	O
,	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
animals	B-SPEC
underwent	O
right	B-ANAT
lung	I-ANAT
ischaemia	B-DISO
(	O
series	O
1	O
,	O
30	O
minutes	O
;	O
series	O
2	O
,	O
60	O
minutes	O
)	O
followed	O
by	O
reperfusion	O
for	O
300	O
minutes	O
.	O

In	O
series	O
1	O
,	O
animals	B-SPEC
were	O
treated	O
with	O
vehicle	O
or	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
μmol	O
/	O
kg	O
of	O
AMD3100	O
(	O
CXCR4	B-FUNC
antagonist	B-PROC
)	O
and	O
in	O
series	O
2	O
with	O
vehicle	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
or	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
μmol	O
/	O
kg	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
(	O
non	O
-	O
cognate	O
CXCR4	B-FUNC
agonist	B-CHED
)	O
within	O
5	O
minutes	O
of	O
reperfusion	O
.	O

Following	O
intranasal	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
developed	O
a	O
transient	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
moderately	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
,	O
viral	O
antigen	O
,	O
and	O
perivascular	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
in	O
multiple	O
lung	B-ANAT
lobes	B-ANAT
that	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
clinical	O
signs	O
.	O

In	O
fact	O
,	O
reinfection	O
resulted	O
in	O
enhanced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
,	O
without	O
an	O
associated	O
increase	O
in	O
viral	O
RNA	O
titers	O
.	O

The	O
model	O
revealed	O
distinguishable	O
subgroups	O
of	O
SAD	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
cardiorespiratory	O
pathophysiology	O
mimicking	O
the	O
complications	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Over	O
the	O
last	O
decade	O
,	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
promising	O
option	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
median	O
SOFA	O
Score	O
was	O
13	O
(	O
10	O
to	O
19	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
median	O
LIS	B-FUNC
was	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
67	O
to	O
4	O
).	O

Group	O
3	O
patients	O
showed	O
delayed	O
increment	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
during	O
the	O
fourth	O
week	O
,	O
while	O
Group	O
2	O
patients	O
showed	O
robust	O
increment	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
during	O
the	O
third	O
week	O
.	O

Among	O
patients	O
having	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
75	O
%	O
of	O
deceased	B-PROC
patients	O
did	O
not	O
show	O
seroconversion	O
by	O
the	O
third	O
week	O
,	O
while	O
100	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
survived	O
patients	O
were	O
seroconverted	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neural	O
precursor	O
cells	B-COMP
derived	O
from	O
induced	O
pluripotent	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
exhibit	O
reduced	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
infection	O
with	O
a	O
neurotropic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
postnatally	O
-	O
derived	O
NPCs	O
,	O
iPSC	O
-	O
NPCs	O
express	O
low	O
levels	O
of	O
carcinoembryonic	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	O
1a	O
(	O
CEACAM1a	O
),	O
the	O
surface	O
receptor	O
for	O
JHMV	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
less	O
susceptible	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
relevance	O
of	O
this	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
therapeutic	O
application	O
of	O
NPCs	O
resistant	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
discussed	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
APS	B-DISO
were	O
employed	O
as	O
an	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
for	O
an	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
vaccine	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
immune	O
and	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
vaccination	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

Three	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
vaccinated	O
groups	O
were	O
administered	O
different	O
doses	O
of	O
APS	B-DISO
(	O
APSL	O
,	O
10	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
;	O
APSM	O
,	O
50	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
;	O
and	O
APSH	O
,	O
100	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
vaccination	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
remaining	O
vaccinated	O
group	O
served	O
as	O
a	O
control	O
,	O
without	O
any	O
additional	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
:	O
a	O
double	O
-	O
edged	O
sword	O
to	O
handle	O
with	O
care	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
review	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
physiologic	O
mechanisms	O
driving	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
emphasis	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
implement	O
basic	O
and	O
advanced	O
respiratory	O
monitoring	O
to	O
assess	O
lung	B-ANAT
protection	O
during	O
spontaneous	O
assisted	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Right	B-ANAT
heart	I-ANAT
function	O
during	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bronchiolitis	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
condition	B-DISO
with	O
high	O
prevalence	O
worldwide	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
particularly	O
important	O
in	O
populations	O
with	O
high	O
acute	O
and	O
post	O
-	O
acute	B-DISO
bronchiolitis	I-DISO
morbidity	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
indigenous	O
populations	O
in	O
Australia	O
,	O
New	O
Zealand	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
USA	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
paucity	O
of	O
traditional	O
epidemiological	O
data	O
during	O
epidemic	O
emergencies	B-DISO
calls	O
for	O
alternative	O
data	O
streams	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
key	O
features	O
of	O
an	O
outbreak	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
risky	O
exposures	O
,	O
the	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
,	O
and	O
transmission	O
heterogeneities	O
.	O

Utilizing	O
a	O
previously	O
generated	O
mutant	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
all	O
four	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
accessory	O
ORFs	O
(	O
deletion	O
of	O
ORF3	O
,	O
-	O
4a	O
,	O
-	O
4b	O
,	O
and	O
-	O
5	O
[	O
dORF3	O
-	O
5	O
])	O
has	O
major	O
implications	O
for	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

As	O
compared	O
to	O
healthy	O
controls	O
,	O
metabolomic	O
analyses	O
identified	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
metabolomes	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
survivors	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
a	O
natural	O
recombinant	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
between	O
Purdue	O
and	O
Miller	O
clusters	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Enterovirus	B-SPEC
type	O
D68	O
and	O
acute	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
new	O
duo	O
?]	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Following	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
acute	O
flaccid	O
paralysis	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
type	O
D68	O
,	O
we	O
highlight	O
current	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
causal	O
role	O
of	O
enterovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
this	O
neurological	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Three	O
distinct	O
clinical	O
syndromes	O
were	O
identified	O
:	O
T3	O
-	O
L3	O
myelopathy	B-DISO
(	O
3	O
),	O
central	O
vestibular	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
7	O
),	O
and	O
multifocal	O
CNS	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
14	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pituitary	B-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
apoplexy	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
rare	O
clinical	O
syndrome	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
or	O
infarction	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
preexisting	O
pituitary	B-DISO
adenoma	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
address	O
this	O
question	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
the	O
rJHM	O
strain	O
(	O
rJ	O
)	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
neurotropic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
acute	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
in	O
susceptible	O
strains	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
some	O
neurons	B-ANAT
are	O
resistant	O
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
mediated	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
and	O
provide	O
a	O
framework	O
for	O
studying	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
prior	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
on	O
neuron	B-ANAT
function	O
.	O

Osteomyelitis	B-DISO
of	O
C1	O
/	O
C2	O
and	O
severe	O
muscle	B-DISO
wasting	I-DISO
required	O
a	O
prolonged	O
hospital	O
stay	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
OBJECTIVE	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
antibody	B-COMP
abundance	O
against	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCV	B-SPEC
)	O
on	O
BCV	B-SPEC
shedding	O
and	O
risk	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
BRD	O
)	O
in	O
beef	O
calves	O
from	O
birth	B-PROC
through	O
the	O
first	O
5	O
weeks	O
in	O
a	O
feedlot	O
.	O

ANIMALS	B-SPEC
890	O
natural	O
-	O
service	O
crossbred	O
beef	O
calves	O
from	O
4	O
research	O
herds	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
At	O
the	O
calf	B-ANAT
level	O
,	O
serum	B-PRGE
anti	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
BCV	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
abundance	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
BCV	B-SPEC
shedding	O
,	O
but	O
BCV	B-SPEC
shedding	O
was	O
positively	O
associated	O
with	O
BRD	O
incidence	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
weaning	B-PROC
.	O

Investigation	O
of	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
prolonged	O
shedding	O
and	O
intrahost	O
genome	O
evolution	B-PROC
may	O
provide	O
critical	O
information	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
therapeutics	O
.	O

Data	O
regarding	O
demographics	O
,	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
etiology	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
were	O
prospectively	O
recorded	O
.	O

No	O
differences	O
in	O
demographics	O
,	O
etiology	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
,	O
systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
scores	O
,	O
or	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
pancreatic	B-DISO
necrosis	B-PROC
were	O
seen	O
between	O
patients	O
with	O
isolated	O
RF	O
Among	O
patients	O
with	O
SAP	O
per	O
the	O
Revised	O
Atlanta	B-SPEC
Classification	O
,	O
approximately	O
15	O
%	O
develop	O
isolated	O
RF	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
500	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
,	O
111	O
patients	O
developed	O
persistent	O
OF	O
:	O
mean	O
age	O
was	O
54	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
75	O
(	O
67	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
were	O
male	O
.	O

Results	O
for	O
FIV	B-SPEC
and	O
FeLV	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
negative	O
using	O
rapid	O
tests	O
,	O
whereas	O
five	O
(	O
16	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
cats	B-SPEC
were	O
positive	O
for	O
FCoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Conclusions	O
and	O
relevance	O
Blood	B-ANAT
safety	O
increases	O
by	O
combining	O
the	O
recommendations	O
of	O
different	O
GLs	O
.	O

We	O
detected	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
intestines	B-ANAT
of	O
53	O
/	O
174	O
hibernating	O
little	B-SPEC
brown	I-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
(	O
Myotis	B-SPEC
lucifugus	I-SPEC
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
of	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
individuals	O
.	O

Sequence	O
variation	O
among	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
detected	O
from	O
individual	O
bats	B-SPEC
suggested	O
that	O
infection	B-DISO
occurred	O
prior	O
to	O
hibernation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
persisted	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
4	O
months	O
of	O
hibernation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
laboratory	O
.	O

Initially	O
,	O
asthma	B-PATH
has	O
been	O
categorized	O
into	O
atopic	B-DISO
and	O
nonatopic	O
types	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
IgE	B-DISO
levels	O
.	O

Although	O
T	B-ANAT
helper	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
type	O
2	O
(	O
Th2	O
)	O
cytokines	O
were	O
proven	O
to	O
play	O
critical	O
roles	O
in	O
atopic	B-DISO
asthma	I-DISO
,	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
17A	I-PRGE
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
severe	O
refractory	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

The	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
nine	O
cytokines	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
asthma	B-PATH
than	O
in	O
HCs	B-FUNC
,	O
and	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
17A	I-PRGE
and	O
SCF	B-PROC
were	O
significantly	O
different	O
between	O
uncontrolled	O
and	O
well	O
-	O
controlled	O
patient	O
groups	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
003	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Molecular	O
detection	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
(	O
rRT	O
)-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
is	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
choice	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
MERS	O
.	O

The	O
PowerChek	O
MERS	O
assay	O
is	O
a	O
straightforward	O
and	O
accurate	O
assay	O
for	O
detecting	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
.	O

Autophagy	B-PROC
was	O
activated	O
by	O
rapamycin	B-CHED
at	O
a	O
dose	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
affect	O
cell	B-PROC
viability	I-PROC
and	O
tight	B-COMP
junction	I-COMP
permeability	O
.	O

To	O
confirm	O
the	O
autophagic	O
-	O
flux	O
(	O
entire	O
autophagy	B-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
),	O
autophagolysosomes	O
were	O
examined	O
by	O
an	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
alleviation	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
in	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cells	B-COMP
pretreated	O
with	O
rapamycin	B-CHED
demonstrates	O
a	O
protective	O
effect	O
of	O
rapamycin	B-CHED
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
death	O
.	O

Pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
represent	O
either	O
new	O
viral	O
entities	O
or	O
viruses	B-SPEC
emergent	O
in	O
new	O
geographic	O
locales	O
and	O
characterized	O
by	O
novel	O
complications	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
and	O
canine	O
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
diarrheic	O
dogs	B-SPEC
on	O
the	O
island	O
of	O
St	O
.	O
Kitts	O
:	O
First	O
report	O
from	O
the	O
Caribbean	O
region	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Establishment	O
and	O
Application	O
of	O
a	O
Universal	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Screening	O
Method	O
Using	O
MALDI	O
-	O
TOF	B-DISO
Mass	O
Spectrometry	O
.	O

The	O
discovery	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
CoV	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)-	O
CoV	O
shows	O
that	O
HCoVs	O
pose	O
a	O
significant	O
threat	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
molecular	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
RdRP	B-FUNC
and	O
VP1	B-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
of	O
aichivirus	O
B	O
strains	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
frequent	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
in	O
a	O
neonatal	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
production	O
Brazilian	O
dairy	O
cattle	B-SPEC
herd	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
severe	O
inflammatory	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Methylprednisolone	B-CHED
(	O
MP	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
drug	O
against	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
clinic	O
.	O

Tissue	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
were	O
ameliorated	O
in	O
the	O
MP	O
-	O
treated	O
group	O
.	O

Because	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
FER	B-CHED
polymorphism	B-PROC
rs4957796	O
on	O
the	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
survival	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
recently	O
recognized	O
as	O
an	O
emerging	O
viral	O
pathogen	O
that	O
causes	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
newborn	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
44	O
.	O
17	O
%	O
(	O
269	O
/	O
609	O
).	O

Dual	O
luciferase	B-ENZY
reporter	O
gene	O
assay	O
results	O
indicated	O
that	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
strongly	O
inhibited	O
the	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
promoter	I-PRGE
activity	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
was	O
nsp1	O
dose	O
-	O
dependent	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
whole	O
genome	O
sequence	O
comparative	O
analysis	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
four	O
major	O
variations	O
located	O
in	O
nonstructural	O
protein	B-CHED
2	O
,	O
S	O
,	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
envelope	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Further	O
analysis	O
confirmed	O
that	O
this	O
mutation	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
optimal	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
adaptation	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
determinant	O
for	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
entry	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
results	O
highlight	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
extrapulmonary	O
pathological	O
changes	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
provide	O
the	O
first	O
evidence	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
presence	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
renal	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
suggests	O
tissue	B-ANAT
trophism	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
kidney	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
synthesized	O
a	O
library	O
of	O
3	O
,	O
5	O
-	O
diamino	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
aryl	O
-	O
1H	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
pyrazole	I-CHED
-	O
4	O
-	O
carbothioamide	O
and	O
4	O
-	O
amino	O
-	O
5	O
-	O
benzoyl	B-CHED
-	O
N	O
-	O
phenyl	B-CHED
-	O
2	O
-(	O
substituted	O
-	O
amino	O
)-	O
1H	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
pyrrole	I-CHED
-	O
3	O
-	O
carbothioamide	O
derivatives	O
and	O
tested	O
them	O
against	O
RNase	B-FUNC
H	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neurologic	O
Injury	O
With	O
Severe	O
Adult	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Patients	O
Undergoing	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	O
Oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
A	O
Single	O
-	O
Center	O
Retrospective	O
Analysis	O
.	O

ECMO	O
-	O
associated	O
intracerebral	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
10	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
cases	O
of	O
ischemic	B-DISO
stroke	I-DISO
.	O

Six	O
-	O
month	O
survival	O
was	O
13	O
%	O
(	O
Wilson	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
2	O
%-	O
47	O
%)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
intracerebral	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
compared	O
to	O
an	O
overall	O
survival	O
rate	O
of	O
57	O
%	O
(	O
Wilson	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
45	O
%-	O
67	O
%).	O

The	O
cecal	B-ANAT
ligation	O
and	O
puncture	O
(	O
CLP	O
)	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
Pseudomonas	B-SPEC
aeruginosa	I-SPEC
(	O
PA	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
clinically	O
relevant	O
two	O
-	O
hit	O
model	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
effort	B-PROC
of	O
scientific	O
studies	O
related	O
to	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
concern	O
.	O

Six	O
days	O
later	O
,	O
the	O
ECMO	O
configuration	O
mode	O
was	O
changed	O
from	O
VA	O
to	O
VVA	O
to	O
improve	O
hypoxemia	O
of	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
and	O
to	O
prevent	O
further	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	O
α	O
,	O
β	O
-	O
unsaturated	O
amide	B-CHED
derivatives	O
bearing	O
α	O
-	O
amino	O
phosphonate	B-CHED
moiety	O
as	O
potential	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Based	O
on	O
flexible	O
construction	O
and	O
broad	O
bioactivity	O
of	O
ferulic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
novel	O
α	O
,	O
β	O
-	O
unsaturated	O
amide	B-CHED
derivatives	O
bearing	O
α	O
-	O
aminophosphonate	B-CHED
moiety	O
were	O
designed	O
,	O
synthesized	O
and	O
systematically	O
evaluated	O
for	O
their	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
SCA	B-ANAT
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
develop	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
require	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
hemodialysis	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
.	O

These	O
patients	O
do	O
not	O
typically	O
have	O
the	O
traditional	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
essential	O
skills	O
that	O
were	O
included	O
were	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Personal	O
Protective	O
Equipment	O
(	O
PPE	B-CHED
)	O
including	O
gown	O
,	O
gloves	O
,	O
head	B-ANAT
cover	O
and	O
N95	O
mask	O
,	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
,	O
the	O
practice	O
of	O
donning	O
and	O
doffing	O
and	O
the	O
collection	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
.	O

Donning	O
and	O
doffing	O
PPE	B-CHED
and	O
N95	O
mask	O
fit	B-DISO
testing	O
has	O
become	O
an	O
annual	O
mandatory	O
competency	O
requirement	O
for	O
staff	O
in	O
nursing	B-PROC
and	O
clinical	O
services	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Unexplained	O
Dyspnea	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
Young	O
Adult	O
with	O
Epstein	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Barr	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
Infectious	B-DISO
Mononucleosis	I-DISO
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
Involvement	I-DISO
or	O
Co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
with	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumoniae	I-DISO
Pneumonia	I-DISO
?	O

Other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
-,	O
MERS	O
-	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumoviruses	B-SPEC
may	O
use	O
the	O
same	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
proteases	O
for	O
activation	O
,	O
implying	O
that	O
TTSP	B-PRGE
inhibition	B-PROC
might	O
be	O
a	O
novel	O
strategy	O
for	O
developing	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
for	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
causes	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
significant	O
mortality	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
correlation	O
between	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
serological	O
analysis	O
,	O
we	O
conclude	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
IgG	B-PRGE
testing	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
suitable	O
for	O
diagnosing	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
or	O
estimating	O
its	O
prevalence	O
during	O
an	O
outbreak	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
show	O
that	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
may	O
not	O
have	O
significant	O
value	O
in	O
determining	O
disease	O
severity	O
or	O
prognosis	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
patterns	O
of	O
adult	O
and	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
who	O
visited	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

The	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
period	O
was	O
from	O
June	O
1	O
to	O
July	O
31	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
compared	O
that	O
period	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
periods	B-PROC
in	O
2013	O
and	O
2014	O
.	O

We	O
compared	O
and	O
analyzed	O
the	O
patients	O
'	O
characteristics	O
,	O
emergency	B-DISO
severity	O
index	O
(	O
ESI	O
)	O
level	O
at	O
the	O
visit	O
,	O
cause	O
of	O
visit	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
final	O
dispositions	O
,	O
injury	O
/	O
non	O
-	O
injury	O
,	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
at	O
the	O
ED	O
(	O
EDLOS	O
),	O
and	O
hospitalization	O
rate	O
.	O

Especially	O
,	O
pregnant	O
women	O
can	O
be	O
expected	O
as	O
highly	O
vulnerable	O
candidates	O
for	O
this	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
May	O
2015	O
,	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
spread	O
in	O
Korea	O
and	O
a	O
pregnant	O
woman	O
was	O
confirmed	O
with	O
positive	O
result	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
chain	I-PRGE
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
).	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
during	O
pregnancy	O
occurred	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virome	O
analysis	O
for	O
identification	O
of	O
novel	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
from	O
Southeast	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virulence	B-PROC
of	O
current	O
German	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
in	O
suckling	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
investigation	O
of	O
protective	O
effects	O
of	O
maternally	O
derived	O
antibodies	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
Central	O
European	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
showed	O
rather	O
low	O
virulence	B-PROC
under	O
experimental	O
conditions	O
,	O
and	O
pre	O
-	O
inoculation	O
of	O
sows	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
solid	O
protection	O
of	O
their	O
offspring	O
.	O

The	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
MβCD	O
on	O
porcine	B-SPEC
nidovirus	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
predominantly	O
exerted	B-PROC
when	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
treatment	O
pre	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
or	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
viral	O
entry	O
process	O
.	O

Future	O
studies	O
should	O
further	O
investigate	O
whether	O
TAVI	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
reduced	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
,	O
comparing	O
transfemoral	O
TAVI	O
recipients	O
treated	O
with	O
local	B-PROC
anesthesia	I-PROC
with	O
their	O
SAVR	O
counterparts	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
known	O
,	O
that	O
ALI	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
differ	O
clinically	O
and	O
pathobiologically	O
from	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
other	O
reasons	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
exact	O
pathology	B-DISO
remains	O
elusive	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
he	O
developed	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
despite	O
the	O
ongoing	O
full	O
supportive	O
care	O
and	O
empiric	O
broad	O
spectrum	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
.	O

Ganciclovir	B-CHED
therapy	O
was	O
introduced	O
and	O
showed	O
significant	O
improvement	O
until	O
full	O
recovery	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ocular	B-ANAT
abnormalities	O
associated	O
with	O
hypovitaminosis	B-DISO
A	I-DISO
in	O
Hanwoo	O
calves	O
:	O
a	O
report	O
of	O
two	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Concurrent	O
Acute	B-DISO
Glomerulonephritis	I-DISO
and	O
Retropharyngeal	B-DISO
Abscess	I-DISO
in	O
10	O
Year	O
Boy	O
:	O
A	O
Case	O
Report	O
.	O

Examination	O
also	O
revealed	O
enlarged	O
multiple	O
cervical	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
on	O
the	O
same	O
side	B-ANAT
of	I-ANAT
neck	I-ANAT
.	O

Multivariate	O
predictors	O
of	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
were	O
elderly	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
,	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
illness	O
,	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
,	O
and	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
infections	B-DISO
(	O
aHR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
;	O
19	O
.	O
2	O
;	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
;	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
;	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
190	O
malaria	B-PATH
cases	O
,	O
all	O
them	O
imported	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
recorded	O
.	O

Animals	B-SPEC
were	O
classified	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
depending	O
on	O
their	O
initial	O
BCoV	O
IgG1	B-COMP
Ab	O
titers	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
IL	O
-	O
18	O
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
had	O
elevated	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
poor	O
survival	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
protective	O
effect	O
of	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
18	I-FUNC
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
promotion	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
production	O
in	O
αβ	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
molecular	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
Brazilian	O
(	O
BR	O
)	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
from	O
a	O
routinely	O
vaccinated	O
commercial	O
flock	O
of	O
broiler	O
breeders	O
,	O
obtained	O
from	O
clinical	O
IB	O
episodes	O
that	O
occurred	O
in	O
24	O
-,	O
46	O
-	O
and	O
62	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
S2	O
domain	O
has	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
inducing	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
date	O
,	O
1841	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
worldwide	O
,	O
with	O
652	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
immune	B-PROC
evasion	I-PROC
mechanism	O
including	O
type	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
and	O
protein	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
R	O
-	O
mediated	O
antiviral	B-CHED
stress	O
responses	O
has	O
been	O
recently	O
attributed	O
to	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
4a	I-PRGE
(	O
p4a	O
)	O
that	O
masks	O
the	O
viral	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
.	O

As	O
more	O
cancer	B-DISO
treatments	O
become	O
available	O
,	O
strategies	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
supportive	O
care	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
TLS	O
should	O
be	O
a	O
priority	O
.	O

Chest	B-ANAT
radiograph	O
revealed	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
congestion	B-DISO
and	O
a	O
left	B-ANAT
lower	I-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
infiltrate	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
report	O
highlights	O
EV	O
-	O
HRV	O
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
prolonged	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
aged	O
≥	O
16	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
isolated	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
varied	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
preceding	O
virus	B-SPEC
type	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clinicians	O
'	O
current	O
practice	O
patterns	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
are	O
not	O
well	O
described	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
enrolled	O
664	O
patients	O
:	O
222	O
(	O
33	O
%)	O
with	O
moderate	O
and	O
442	O
(	O
67	O
%)	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
retrospective	O
study	O
was	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
""""	O
second	O
hit	O
""""	O
phenomenon	O
,	O
meaning	O
the	O
alterations	O
that	O
occur	O
in	O
patients	O
having	O
femoral	B-ANAT
shaft	I-ANAT
stabilization	O
surgery	O
after	O
major	O
trauma	O
.	O

Fecal	B-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
28	O
)	O
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
)	O
samples	O
from	O
diarrheic	O
calves	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
BCoV	O
by	O
both	O
the	O
PanCoV	O
-	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
a	O
specific	O
BCoV	O
-	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

Alternatively	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
more	O
recent	O
CESAR	O
trial	O
,	O
many	O
patients	O
randomized	O
to	O
the	O
ECMO	O
arm	O
did	O
not	O
receive	O
ECMO	O
and	O
no	O
standardized	O
protocol	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
existed	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
hyper	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
IgE	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
onset	O
of	O
disease	O
at	O
greater	O
than	O
5	O
years	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
02	O
),	O
and	O
absence	O
of	O
multiple	O
affected	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
the	O
patients	O
without	O
a	O
genetic	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

An	O
autosomal	B-COMP
recessive	O
disease	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
62	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
,	O
reflecting	O
the	O
high	O
rate	O
of	O
consanguinity	O
in	O
this	O
cohort	O
.	O

When	O
challenged	O
with	O
the	O
homologous	O
virus	O
,	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
rSPV	O
-	O
St	O
vaccination	O
provided	O
complete	O
protection	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
difficult	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
a	O
patient	O
is	O
currently	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
not	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
an	O
optimal	O
course	O
of	O
action	O
,	O
based	O
off	O
of	O
positive	O
serology	O
testing	O
responses	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
nanoparticle	B-CHED
-	O
enabled	O
blood	B-ANAT
test	O
that	O
can	O
help	O
overcome	O
this	O
major	O
challenge	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interstitial	B-ANAT
pneumonia	I-DISO
with	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
features	O
:	O
an	O
additional	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
?	O

All	O
patients	O
required	O
prolonged	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
median	O
duration	O
49	O
days	O
,	O
range	O
10	O
-	O
88	O
);	O
four	O
received	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
one	O
received	O
low	O
-	O
flow	O
extracorporeal	O
CO	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
showed	O
closest	O
relationship	O
with	O
two	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
Colorado	B-SPEC
tick	I-SPEC
fever	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Eyach	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
infect	O
various	O
human	B-SPEC
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
analyze	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
decision	O
analysis	O
approach	O
,	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
due	O
to	O
delayed	O
utilization	O
of	O
health	O
services	O
and	O
inappropriate	O
hospital	O
medical	O
treatment	O
during	O
the	O
2009	O
AH1N1	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemic	I-DISO
in	O
Mexico	O
.	O

The	O
probability	O
for	O
severe	O
illness	O
originated	O
from	O
delayed	O
utilization	O
of	O
health	O
services	O
,	O
delayed	O
prescription	O
of	O
neuraminidase	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
(	O
NAIs	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
inappropriate	O
use	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
was	O
assessed	O
.	O

Removal	O
of	O
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
by	O
anti	O
-	O
oxidants	B-CHED
has	O
been	O
applied	O
in	O
clinical	O
practice	O
.	O

Pooled	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
NAC	B-COMP
did	O
not	O
contribute	O
to	O
reduce	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
mortality	O
[	O
risk	O
ratio	O
(	O
RR	O
)=	O
0	O
.	O
73	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
):	O
0	O
.	O
50	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
07	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
10	O
]	O
or	O
30	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
(	O
RR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
72	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
44	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
19	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
20	O
)	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
life	O
cycle	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
involves	O
a	O
unique	O
process	O
called	O
discontinuous	O
transcription	B-PROC
by	O
which	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
3	O
'	O
coterminal	O
subgenomic	O
mRNAs	O
(	O
sgmRNA	O
)	O
with	O
identical	O
5	O
'	O
leader	O
sequences	O
can	O
be	O
generated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
subsets	O
with	O
phenotypes	O
characteristic	O
of	O
naive	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
isotype	O
-	O
switched	O
,	O
memory	B-PROC
(	O
B	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
are	O
known	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
respiratory	O
outcomes	O
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
reported	O
that	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
can	O
produce	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
(	O
CPE	O
)	O
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
some	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
and	O
primary	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
ammonium	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
(	O
NH₄Cl	O
)	O
pretreated	O
HD11	O
cells	B-COMP
blocked	O
IBV	B-SPEC
from	O
entering	O
cells	O
and	O
inhibited	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

This	O
study	O
presents	O
a	O
chicken	B-SPEC
macrophage	B-ANAT
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
that	O
will	O
enable	O
further	O
analysis	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
offers	O
novel	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
in	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
single	O
-	O
tube	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
loop	O
-	O
mediated	O
isothermal	O
amplification	B-DISO
(	O
RT	O
-	O
LAMP	O
)	O
assay	O
specific	O
for	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
to	O
diagnose	O
and	O
monitor	O
PDCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Stratified	O
randomisation	O
with	O
minimisation	O
(	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
via	O
a	O
restricted	O
web	B-DISO
platform	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
assign	O
eligible	O
patients	O
(	O
aged	O
≥	O
18	O
years	O
,	O
admitted	O
to	O
an	O
ICU	O
after	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
surgery	O
,	O
and	O
expected	O
to	O
require	O
at	O
least	O
12	O
h	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
because	O
of	O
a	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
defined	O
by	O
a	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
score	O
>	O
1	O
for	O
any	O
organ	B-ANAT
,	O
but	O
without	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
or	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
)	O
to	O
usual	O
sedation	B-DISO
care	O
provided	O
according	O
to	O
recommended	O
practices	O
(	O
control	O
group	O
)	O
or	O
to	O
immediate	O
interruption	O
of	O
sedation	B-DISO
(	O
intervention	O
group	O
).	O

Between	O
Dec	B-CHED
2	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
and	O
Feb	O
27	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
137	O
patients	O
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
68	O
)	O
or	O
intervention	O
groups	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
69	O
).	O

This	O
observed	O
decrease	O
in	O
mortality	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
increasing	O
rates	O
of	O
transfusion	O
and	O
peripartum	O
hysterectomy	O
(	O
2	O
-	O
4	O
).	O
The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
Practice	O
Bulletin	O
is	O
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
postpartum	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
evaluation	O
,	O
prevention	O
,	O
and	O
management	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
this	O
document	O
will	O
encourage	O
obstetrician	O
-	O
gynecologists	O
and	O
other	O
obstetric	O
care	O
providers	O
to	O
play	O
key	O
roles	O
in	O
implementing	O
standardized	O
bundles	O
of	O
care	O
(	O
eg	O
,	O
policies	O
,	O
guidelines	O
,	O
and	O
algorithms	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
postpartum	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Practice	O
Bulletin	O
No	O
.	O
183	O
:	O
Postpartum	B-DISO
Hemorrhage	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
variants	O
constantly	O
emerge	O
and	O
pose	O
economic	O
threats	O
to	O
poultry	O
farms	O
worldwide	O
.	O

We	O
noted	O
that	O
viral	O
genetic	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
and	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
commonly	O
gave	O
rise	O
to	O
distinct	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotypes	O
,	O
serotypes	O
and	O
pathotypes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
update	O
the	O
2008	O
consensus	O
statements	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
insufficiency	O
(	O
CIRCI	O
)	O
in	O
adult	O
and	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
suggest	O
against	O
using	O
plasma	B-ANAT
-	O
free	O
cortisol	B-CHED
or	O
salivary	O
cortisol	B-CHED
level	O
over	O
plasma	B-ANAT
total	O
cortisol	B-CHED
(	O
conditional	O
,	O
very	O
low	O
quality	O
of	O
evidence	O
).	O

We	O
suggest	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
IV	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
1	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
day	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
early	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
<	O
200	O
and	O
within	O
14	O
days	O
of	O
onset	O
)	O
(	O
conditional	O
,	O
moderate	O
quality	O
of	O
evidence	O
).	O

Corticosteroids	B-CHED
are	O
not	O
suggested	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
major	O
trauma	O
(	O
conditional	O
,	O
low	O
quality	O
of	O
evidence	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Disseminated	O
cutaneous	O
varicella	O
herpes	B-DISO
zoster	I-DISO
with	O
visceral	O
involvement	O
is	O
rare	O
and	O
seen	O
almost	O
exclusively	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
.	O

Varicella	B-DISO
zoster	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
via	O
skin	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
,	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
viral	O
PCR	O
and	O
serology	O
for	O
varicella	B-DISO
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

It	O
is	O
established	O
that	O
vitamin	B-CHED
D	I-CHED
exhibits	O
anti	O
‑	O
inflammatory	O
effects	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
specific	O
effect	O
of	O
vitamin	B-CHED
D	I-CHED
on	O
ALI	O
remains	O
largely	O
unknown	O
.	O

The	O
identified	O
leads	O
cannot	O
be	O
predicted	O
based	O
on	O
prior	O
data	O
on	O
polymer	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
antivirals	B-CHED
and	O
represent	O
promising	O
candidates	O
for	O
further	O
development	O
as	O
preventive	O
microbicides	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunogenicity	O
of	O
eGFP	O
-	O
Marked	O
Recombinant	O
Lactobacillus	B-SPEC
casei	I-SPEC
against	O
Transmissible	O
Gastroenteritis	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
and	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	I-SPEC
Diarrhea	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Two	O
novel	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
recombinants	O
from	O
a	O
natural	O
recombinant	O
and	O
distinct	O
subtypes	O
of	O
PEDV	O
variants	O
.	O

Amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
alignment	O
of	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
indicated	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
the	O
similar	O
mutation	B-PROC
,	I-PROC
insertion	I-PROC
and	O
deletion	O
pattern	O
as	O
other	O
Chinese	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
variants	O
but	O
also	O
contain	O
several	O
unique	O
substitutions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
well	O
known	O
to	O
cause	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
was	O
first	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
illustrates	O
that	O
ECMO	O
and	O
prolonged	O
intubation	O
can	O
prolong	O
life	O
in	O
CF	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
who	O
present	O
with	O
potentially	O
reversible	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
though	O
they	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Hemagglutinating	O
Encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
Enters	O
Neuro	O
-	O
2a	O
Cells	B-COMP
via	O
Clathrin	B-PRGE
-	I-PROC
Mediated	I-PROC
Endocytosis	I-PROC
in	O
a	O
Rab5	B-PRGE
-,	O
Cholesterol	B-CHED
-,	O
and	O
pH	O
-	O
Dependent	O
Manner	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
dissected	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanism	O
underlying	O
cellular	B-COMP
entry	O
and	O
intracellular	B-COMP
trafficking	B-PROC
of	O
PHEV	O
in	O
mouse	B-DISO
neuroblastoma	I-DISO
(	O
Neuro	O
-	O
2a	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
respiratory	O
signs	O
,	O
tracheal	O
deciliation	O
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
airsacculitis	B-DISO
,	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
in	O
tears	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
local	O
humoral	O
responses	O
were	O
good	O
parameters	O
to	O
determine	O
resistance	B-PROC
or	O
susceptibility	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
these	O
results	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
331	O
/	O
B2	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
resistant	O
and	O
335	O
/	O
B19	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
susceptible	O
congenic	O
chicken	B-SPEC
lines	O
.	O

A	O
possible	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
reported	O
ability	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
4	O
/	O
91	O
(	O
serotype	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
)	O
vaccine	O
to	O
protect	O
against	O
divergent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
QX	O
,	O
Q1	O
,	O
and	O
D1466	O
)	O
in	O
a	O
prime	O
-	O
boost	O
approach	O
with	O
an	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Mass	O
vaccine	O
is	O
that	O
an	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
the	O
S2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
4	O
/	O
91	O
is	O
cross	O
-	O
protective	O
.	O

Chickens	O
primed	O
with	O
attenuated	O
Mass	O
IBV	B-SPEC
at	O
1	O
day	O
of	O
age	O
and	O
boosted	O
with	O
rLS	B-DISO
/	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O
S2	O
-	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
at	O
14	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
a	O
virulent	O
Ark	B-PRGE
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
at	O
28	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
present	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
molecular	O
characteristics	O
of	O
circulating	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
strains	O
in	O
vaccinated	O
broiler	O
flocks	O
in	O
the	O
Giza	O
and	O
Fayoum	O
governorates	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
in	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
was	O
a	O
30	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Filipino	O
nurse	O
who	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
unprotected	O
exposure	O
to	O
a	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
positive	O
case	O
on	O
May	O
15	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
multiple	O
negative	O
tests	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Weeks	O
later	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	B-PATH
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
73	O
staff	O
were	O
quarantined	O
for	O
14	O
days	O
,	O
and	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
taken	O
on	O
days	O
2	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
and	O
12	O
postexposure	O
.	O

As	O
there	O
wasn	O
'	O
t	O
any	O
tertiary	O
structure	O
of	O
PLP	B-PRGE
available	O
in	O
the	O
Protein	B-CHED
Data	O
Bank	O
(	O
PDB	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
structural	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
modeled	O
this	O
protein	B-CHED
using	O
prediction	O
servers	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
transmission	O
routes	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
remain	O
unclear	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
,	O
the	O
current	O
recommended	O
control	O
strategies	O
are	O
not	O
evidence	O
based	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Long	O
non	O
-	O
coding	O
RNAs	O
(	O
lncRNAs	O
)	O
regulate	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
genes	O
and	O
biological	B-PROC
processes	I-PROC
.	O

Sixty	O
-	O
eight	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
complicated	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
that	O
were	O
treated	O
at	O
our	O
Tianjin	O
Hospital	O
from	O
September	O
2013	O
to	O
July	O
2016	O
were	O
recruited	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
one	O
hand	O
,	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
are	O
a	O
powerful	O
physiological	O
method	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
each	O
single	O
patient	O
.	O

stigmatosoma	O
bloodmeals	O
,	O
revealing	O
that	O
98	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
bloodmeals	O
were	O
from	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
from	O
three	O
mammal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
a	O
single	O
bloodmeal	O
was	O
from	O
a	O
reptile	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
greatest	O
number	O
of	O
bloodmeals	O
identified	O
was	O
from	O
domestic	O
chicken	B-SPEC
(	O
Gallus	B-SPEC
gallus	I-SPEC
domesticus	I-SPEC
L	O
.)	O
(	O
38	O
%	O
of	O
bloodmeals	O
),	O
house	B-SPEC
sparrow	I-SPEC
(	O
Passer	B-SPEC
domesticus	I-SPEC
L	O
.)	O
(	O
23	O
%),	O
house	B-SPEC
finch	I-SPEC
(	O
Haemorhous	O
mexicanus	O
Müller	O
)	O
(	O
17	O
%),	O
American	B-SPEC
crow	I-SPEC
(	O
Corvus	B-SPEC
brachyrhynchos	I-SPEC
L	O
.)	O
(	O
4	O
%),	O
and	O
mourning	B-SPEC
dove	I-SPEC
(	O
Zenaida	B-SPEC
macroura	I-SPEC
L	O
.)	O
(	O
3	O
%).	O

stigmatosoma	O
supports	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
this	O
mosquito	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
maintenance	O
(	O
or	O
endemic	O
)	O
vector	O
for	O
arboviruses	O
that	O
circulate	O
among	O
susceptible	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Preeclampsia	B-DISO
,	O
eclampsia	B-DISO
and	O
HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
are	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
hypertensive	O
conditions	O
and	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
ICU	O
admission	O
among	O
obstetric	O
patients	O
The	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
of	O
preeclampsia	B-DISO
include	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
systolic	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
SBP	O
)	O
≥	O
140	O
mmHg	O
or	O
diastolic	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
DBP	B-CHED
)	O
≥	O
90	O
mmHg	O
on	O
two	O
occasions	O
at	O
least	O
4	O
hours	O
apart	O
and	O
2	O
)	O
proteinuria	O
≥	O
300	O
mg	O
/	O
day	O
in	O
a	O
woman	O
with	O
a	O
gestational	O
age	O
of	O
>	O
20	O
weeks	O
with	O
previously	O
normal	O
blood	B-ANAT
pressures	O
.	O

HELLP	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
condition	B-DISO
frequently	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
preeclampsia	I-DISO
-	O
eclampsia	B-DISO
and	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
three	O
hallmark	O
features	O
of	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
,	O
elevated	O
liver	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
and	O
low	O
platelets	B-ANAT
.	O

Complications	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
this	O
spectrum	O
of	O
disease	O
include	O
disseminated	B-DISO
Intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
(	O
DIC	B-DISO
),	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
stroke	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
hepatic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
with	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
rupture	O
or	O
liver	B-DISO
hematoma	I-DISO
and	O
infection	B-DISO
/	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
efficacy	O
of	O
this	O
antitoxin	O
treatment	O
depends	O
on	O
antibody	B-COMP
affinity	O
and	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
treatment	O
initiation	O
within	O
a	O
limited	O
therapeutic	O
time	O
window	O
.	O

To	O
evaluate	O
whether	O
an	O
individualized	O
blood	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
management	O
strategy	O
tailored	O
to	O
individual	O
patient	O
physiology	O
could	O
reduce	O
postoperative	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

Multicenter	O
,	O
randomized	O
trial	O
conducted	O
at	O
120	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICUs	O
)	O
from	O
9	O
countries	O
from	O
November	O
17	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
through	O
April	O
25	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
enrolling	O
adults	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
changes	O
in	O
microcirculation	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
trauma	O
and	O
shock	O
phases	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
measured	O
persistent	O
dysfunction	O
of	O
the	O
microcirculation	B-PROC
over	O
the	O
observation	O
period	O
of	O
3	O
days	O
after	O
resuscitation	O
and	O
haemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

Cats	B-SPEC
were	O
categorised	O
as	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
57	O
)	O
or	O
without	O
FIP	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
45	O
)	O
based	O
on	O
gross	O
post	O
-	O
mortem	O
and	O
histopathological	O
examination	O
including	O
immunohistochemistry	O
for	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
.	O

Reverse	O
-	O
transcriptase	B-PROC
quantitative	O
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
)	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
all	O
samples	O
using	O
FCoV	O
-	O
specific	O
primers	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
sequencing	O
of	O
a	O
section	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
on	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
positive	O
samples	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
mutation	O
analysis	O
in	O
FCoVs	O
does	O
not	O
substantially	O
improve	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
diagnose	O
FIP	B-DISO
as	O
compared	O
to	O
detection	O
of	O
FCoV	O
alone	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
infectious	B-DISO
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cDNA	O
clone	O
,	O
optimal	O
genomic	O
insertion	O
sites	O
and	O
expression	B-PROC
strategies	O
for	O
GFP	O
were	O
identified	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
a	O
reporter	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
expressing	O
GFP	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
complete	O
set	O
of	O
viral	O
proteins	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
is	O
a	O
retrospective	O
observational	O
study	O
of	O
262	O
ventilated	O
medical	O
ICU	O
patients	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
APACHE	O
II	O
≥	O
25	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
extent	O
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
glycocalyx	B-COMP
degradation	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
in	O
subjects	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
but	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
subgroup	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
sepsis	B-SPEC
.	O

Engagement	O
of	O
specific	O
glycan	B-CHED
receptors	O
such	O
as	O
sialylated	O
carbohydrates	B-CHED
,	O
glycosaminoglycans	B-CHED
,	O
or	O
histo	O
-	O
blood	B-ANAT
group	O
antigens	B-CHED
can	O
determine	O
host	B-COMP
range	O
,	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

Those	O
viruses	B-SPEC
exemplify	O
that	O
direct	O
molecular	O
mimicking	O
of	O
glycan	B-CHED
receptors	O
by	O
antibodies	B-COMP
is	O
rare	O
and	O
further	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
antibodies	B-COMP
often	O
partly	O
overlap	O
or	O
bind	B-FUNC
sufficiently	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
region	O
to	O
hinder	O
access	O
to	O
this	O
site	O
,	O
achieving	O
neutralization	O
partially	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
epitope	B-CHED
location	O
and	O
partly	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
sheer	O
size	O
.	O

A	O
successful	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
requires	O
fusion	O
between	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
carried	O
out	O
by	O
the	O
surface	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
or	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
CoV	O
.	O
Current	O
models	O
propose	O
that	O
the	O
S2	O
subunit	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
assembled	O
into	O
a	O
hexameric	O
helical	O
bundle	O
exposing	O
hydrophobic	O
fusogenic	O
peptides	B-CHED
or	O
fusion	O
peptides	B-CHED
(	O
FPs	B-FUNC
)	O
for	O
membrane	B-COMP
insertion	O
.	O

The	O
N	O
-	O
terminus	O
of	O
S2	O
subunit	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
active	O
in	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
whereby	O
FPs	B-FUNC
have	O
been	O
identified	O
.	O

The	O
overall	O
stress	O
,	O
professionalism	O
,	O
and	O
nursing	B-PROC
intention	O
scores	O
for	O
the	O
firsthand	O
experience	O
group	O
were	O
33	O
.	O
72	O
,	O
103	O
.	O
00	O
,	O
and	O
16	O
.	O
92	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
whereas	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
secondhand	O
experience	O
group	O
were	O
32	O
.	O
25	O
,	O
98	O
.	O
99	O
,	O
and	O
15	O
.	O
60	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
novel	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
their	O
application	O
in	O
species	O
-	O
independent	O
antibody	B-COMP
detection	O
by	O
competitive	O
ELISA	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
test	O
is	O
the	O
gold	B-CHED
standard	O
assay	O
for	O
MERS	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
for	O
investigating	O
the	O
zoonotic	O
reservoir	O
,	O
it	O
uses	O
live	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
so	O
must	O
be	O
performed	O
in	O
high	O
containment	O
laboratories	O
.	O

Competitive	O
ELISA	O
(	O
cELISA	O
),	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
labeled	O
monoclonal	O
antibody	B-COMP
(	O
MAb	O
)	O
competes	O
with	O
test	B-PRGE
serum	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
for	O
target	O
epitopes	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
suitable	O
alternative	O
because	O
it	O
detects	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
a	O
species	B-SPEC
-	O
independent	O
manner	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
novel	O
MAbs	O
against	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
were	O
produced	O
and	O
characterized	O
.	O

The	O
cELISA	O
and	O
neutralization	O
test	O
results	O
correlated	O
well	O
(	O
Pearson	O
'	O
s	O
correlation	O
coefficients	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
71	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
76	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
cELISA	O
serum	B-COMP
dilution	O
).	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
sheep	B-SPEC
,	O
goats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
cattle	B-SPEC
were	O
examined	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
to	O
detect	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
Anti	O
-	O
MERS	O
ELISA	O
assay	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
detect	O
camel	B-SPEC
humeral	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
)	O
to	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Anti	O
-	O
MERS	O
ELISA	O
assays	O
showed	O
that	O
70	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
of	O
camels	B-SPEC
related	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
had	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
full	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
ten	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
camel	B-SPEC
isolates	O
were	O
identical	O
to	O
their	O
corresponding	O
patients	O
and	O
were	O
grouped	O
together	O
within	O
the	O
larger	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
sequences	O
cluster	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
camel	B-SPEC
isolates	O
reported	O
form	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
a	O
significant	O
reservoir	O
for	O
the	O
maintenance	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoVs	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
an	O
important	O
source	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
with	O
MERS	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
diagnosis	O
,	O
a	O
rapid	O
test	O
kit	B-FUNC
that	O
is	O
specific	O
and	O
sensitive	O
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
is	O
critical	O
to	O
monitor	O
this	O
disease	O
at	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
vaccine	O
for	O
equine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
ECoV	O
)	O
is	O
so	O
far	O
unavailable	O
.	O

While	O
studies	O
have	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
acquired	O
during	O
travel	O
,	O
here	O
we	O
examine	O
two	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
contracted	O
in	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
origin	O
that	O
led	O
to	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
problems	O
in	O
the	O
destination	O
country	O
.	O

Cases	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
acquired	O
during	O
travel	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
this	O
literature	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
study	O
has	O
examined	O
cases	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
imported	O
from	O
the	O
country	O
of	O
origin	O
and	O
developed	O
while	O
abroad	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
the	O
electronic	O
medical	O
record	O
to	O
track	O
SIRS	B-DISO
criteria	O
in	O
patients	O
days	O
1	O
to	O
4	O
posttrauma	O
.	O

81	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
OI	O
)	O
and	O
69	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
no	O
orthopaedic	O
injury	O
reached	O
the	O
threshold	O
for	O
SIRS	B-DISO
within	O
their	O
first	O
4	O
days	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

PCR	O
detection	O
showed	O
that	O
52	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
61	O
/	O
116	O
)	O
of	O
these	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
sequencing	O
results	O
for	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
genes	O
from	O
11	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
showed	O
93	O
-	O
94	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
and	O
92	O
-	O
93	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
with	O
the	O
classical	O
CV777	O
strain	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
both	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
mRNA	I-PRGE
and	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
were	O
inversely	O
correlated	O
with	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
diffusing	O
capacity	O
parameters	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
also	O
highlight	O
a	O
possible	O
role	O
of	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
in	O
COPD	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
strain	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
in	O
Vietnam	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
strains	O
(	O
Binh21	O
and	O
HaNoi6	O
)	O
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
two	O
pig	O
farms	O
in	O
North	O
Vietnam	O
.	O

In	O
light	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenic	O
mechanism	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
relies	O
on	O
endosomal	O
acidification	B-PROC
for	O
cytoplasmic	B-COMP
entry	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
vacuolar	B-PRGE
ATPase	B-ENZY
blocker	O
,	O
diphyllin	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
nanoformulation	O
are	O
herein	O
investigated	O
for	O
their	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
the	O
type	O
II	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
associated	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
significant	O
research	O
focus	O
since	O
its	O
discovery	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
HIV	B-SPEC
positive	O
patient	O
with	O
GBS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
prevalence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
across	O
the	O
Gulf	O
Corporation	O
Council	O
(	O
GCC	O
)	O
countries	O
still	O
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
MERS	O
case	O
of	O
Korea	O
was	O
reported	O
on	O
20	O
May	O
2015	O
,	O
and	O
since	O
then	O
,	O
the	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Korea	O
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
hundreds	O
of	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
and	O
tens	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

None	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
had	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
but	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
12	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
with	O
high	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
(	O
47	O
.	O
1	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influenza	B-DISO
is	O
more	O
common	O
than	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
among	O
hospitalized	O
adult	O
Saudi	O
patients	O
.	O

All	O
admitted	O
patients	O
with	O
community	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
from	O
2012	O
to	O
2016	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
testing	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
was	O
carried	O
out	O
starting	O
April	O
2015	O
.	O

From	O
January	O
2015	O
to	O
December	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
1644	O
patients	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
both	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
antimalarial	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
lethality	O
rates	O
of	O
MA	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
still	O
between	O
20	O
and	O
80	O
%.	O

Depletion	O
of	O
pathogenic	O
CD8	B-PRGE

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cigarette	O
smoking	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
patients	O
after	O
severe	O
trauma	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
this	O
association	O
are	O
unknown	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
While	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
the	O
immediate	O
animal	B-SPEC
source	O
of	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
origin	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
remains	O
obscure	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
5	O
and	O
214	O
strains	O
belong	O
to	O
clade	O
A	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
with	O
clade	O
A	O
further	O
divided	O
into	O
lineage	O
A1	O
(	O
3	O
human	B-SPEC
strains	O
)	O
and	O
lineage	O
A2	O
(	O
2	O
camel	B-SPEC
strains	O
),	O
and	O
clade	O
B	O
divided	O
into	O
B1	O
to	O
B6	O
(	O
each	O
containing	O
both	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
camel	B-SPEC
strains	O
).	O

These	O
post	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
translational	I-PROC
modifications	I-PROC
may	O
assist	O
in	O
protein	B-PROC
folding	I-PROC
and	O
play	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

Nsp8	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
nsp7	O
and	O
functions	O
as	O
a	O
primase	B-PRGE
synthesizing	O
RNA	O
primers	O
for	O
nsp12	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
ongoing	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
measles	B-PATH
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
recommended	O
that	O
all	O
pilgrims	O
have	O
an	O
updated	O
immunization	O
against	O
vaccine	O
-	O
preventable	O
diseases	O
(	O
diphtheria	B-DISO
,	O
tetanus	B-DISO
,	O
pertussis	B-PATH
,	O
polio	B-DISO
,	O
measles	B-PATH
and	O
mumps	B-DISO
).	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
illnesses	O
(	O
ILI	O
)	O
in	O
Uganda	O
.	O

It	O
remains	O
unclear	O
whether	O
certain	O
types	O
of	O
cases	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
cause	O
secondary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
than	O
others	O
,	O
and	O
if	O
so	O
,	O
why	O
.	O

Our	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
characterize	O
sedation	B-DISO
management	O
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
treated	O
with	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
).	O

Forty	O
-	O
five	O
adults	O
(	O
33	O
males	O
,	O
median	O
age	O
47	O
years	O
;	O
interquartile	O
range	O
[	O
IQR	O
],	O
35	O
-	O
56	O
])	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
median	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
71	O
;	O
IQR	O
59	O
-	O
83	O
)	O
because	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
91	O
%)	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
for	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
11	O
days	O
(	O
IQR	O
,	O
7	O
-	O
17	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
are	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
infect	O
numerous	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
and	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
causing	O
severe	O
and	O
lethal	O
disease	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Outside	O
of	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
-	O
advances	O
and	O
challenges	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Difficulties	O
in	O
using	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
:	O
Training	O
experiences	O
with	O
the	O
2015	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
evaluate	O
practical	O
barriers	O
to	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
(	O
PPE	B-CHED
)	O
use	O
found	O
through	O
health	O
care	O
personnel	O
(	O
HCP	B-DISO
)	O
training	O
sessions	O
held	O
during	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
2015	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

Presence	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
and	O
4	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
adeno	O
-,	O
boca	B-DISO
-,	O
corona	B-CHED
-,	O
metapneumo	O
-,	O
rhino	O
-	O
and	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
determined	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
In	O
a	O
randomized	O
study	O
of	O
84	O
496	O
elderly	O
individuals	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
uptake	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
,	O
PCV13	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
statistically	O
significant	O
reduction	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
or	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
CAP	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
review	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
among	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoV	O
),	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
other	O
HCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Cases	O
were	O
verified	O
and	O
associations	O
between	O
cases	O
were	O
substantiated	O
through	O
an	O
extensive	O
literature	O
review	O
and	O
the	O
Armed	O
Forces	O
Health	O
Surveillance	O
Branch	B-ANAT
'	O
s	O
Tiered	O
Source	O
Classification	O
System	O
.	O

Clusters	B-CHED
corresponded	O
temporally	O
with	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
periods	B-PROC
of	O
greatest	O
incidence	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
strong	O
correlation	O
between	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
and	O
notable	O
increases	O
in	O
cases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prone	O
Position	O
for	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
review	O
evaluates	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
on	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
(	O
primary	O
outcome	O
)	O
compared	O
with	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
supine	O
position	O
for	O
adults	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
CD59	B-PRGE
association	O
with	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
protects	O
against	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
complement	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
mediated	O
lysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Iranian	O
patients	O
with	O
idiopathic	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
DCs	B-DISO
),	O
professional	O
antigen	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
presenting	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
link	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
for	O
homeostasis	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
immune	O
environment	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
IOP	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
post	O
-	O
operative	O
day	O
was	O
13	O
mmHg	O
,	O
and	O
anterior	B-DISO
chamber	I-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
was	O
noted	O
to	O
be	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
at	O
post	O
-	O
operative	O
week	O
2	O
.	O

PdCoV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CTD	I-PRGE
binds	B-FUNC
to	O
an	O
unidentified	O
receptor	O
on	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
surfaces	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
stratification	O
using	O
SpO	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
assessed	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
risk	O
stratification	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
using	O
SpO	O
We	O
used	O
data	O
from	O
a	O
prospective	O
observational	O
study	O
in	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
mixed	O
medical	O
-	O
surgical	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
of	O
a	O
university	O
hospital	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
.	O

Among	O
all	O
groups	O
,	O
VAC	O
-	O
IM	O
-	O
2b	O
pigs	O
had	O
significantly	O
higher	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PEDV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
levels	O
on	O
dpv	O
21	O
and	O
28	O
while	O
EXP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ORAL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1b	I-PRGE
pigs	B-SPEC
had	O
significantly	O
higher	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PEDV	I-PRGE
IgA	I-PRGE
levels	O
on	O
dpv	O
14	O
,	O
21	O
,	O
28	O
and	O
35	O
.	O

The	O
pool	O
of	O
data	O
on	O
treatment	O
possibilities	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
grows	O
every	O
year	O
,	O
with	O
specifically	O
designed	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
.	O

The	O
increasing	O
incidence	O
of	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
infections	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
resistant	O
pathogens	O
could	O
be	O
minimized	O
by	O
point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
care	O
microbial	O
analysis	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
rapid	O
screening	O
tests	O
of	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
resistance	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
an	O
accurate	O
knowledge	O
of	O
live	O
vaccine	O
kinetics	O
,	O
whose	O
replication	O
can	O
compete	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
pathogen	O
one	O
,	O
providing	O
additional	O
protection	O
to	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
conferred	O
by	O
the	O
adaptive	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
and	O
sixty	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
refractory	O
to	O
conventional	O
treatment	O
requiring	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
(	O
VV	O
)-	O
ECMO	O
.	O

Recently	O
developed	O
rapid	O
diagnostic	O
molecular	O
tests	O
may	O
clarify	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
have	O
potential	O
,	O
through	O
early	O
identification	O
,	O
to	O
limit	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
outbreaks	O
among	O
older	O
adults	O
living	O
in	O
LTCFs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ten	O
reference	O
genes	O
were	O
investigated	O
for	O
normalisation	O
of	O
candidate	O
target	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
data	O
in	O
the	O
shell	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
and	O
spleen	B-ANAT
of	O
laying	O
hens	O
challenged	O
with	O
two	O
strains	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

In	O
the	O
combined	O
data	O
set	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
challenged	O
shell	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
the	O
comprehensive	O
ranking	O
showed	O
TATA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
box	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
(	O
TBP	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
tyrosine	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
monooxygenase	I-PRGE
/	O
tryptophan	B-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
monooxygenase	I-PRGE
activation	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
zeta	B-SPEC
(	O
YWHAZ	B-PRGE
)	O
as	O
the	O
two	O
most	O
stable	O
,	O
and	O
succinate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
flavoprotein	B-CHED
subunit	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
(	O
SDHA	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
albumin	B-PRGE
(	O
ALB	B-PRGE
)	O
as	O
the	O
two	O
least	O
stable	O
reference	O
genes	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
most	O
and	O
least	O
stable	O
reference	O
genes	O
obtained	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
,	O
were	O
further	O
used	O
for	O
candidate	O
target	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
data	O
normalisation	O
of	O
the	O
shell	B-ANAT
gland	I-ANAT
and	O
spleen	B-ANAT
under	O
an	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
model	O
.	O

Mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
or	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
were	O
eligible	O
for	O
study	O
inclusion	O
.	O

Our	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
factors	O
that	O
influence	O
the	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
undergoing	O
VV	O
ECMO	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
analyse	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
this	O
response	O
on	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

Their	O
median	O
Sequential	O
Organ	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Assessment	O
score	O
was	O
12	O
,	O
PaO	B-PROC
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Cytokine	O
levels	O
,	O
on	O
average	O
,	O
fall	O
rapidly	O
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
VV	O
ECMO	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
reduction	O
of	O
invasiveness	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

In	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
exploit	O
receptor	O
-	O
ligand	B-PROC
interactions	O
to	O
latch	O
onto	O
cellular	B-COMP
exterior	O
prior	O
to	O
subsequent	O
entry	O
and	O
invasion	B-DISO
.	O

Patient	O
demographics	O
,	O
length	O
of	O
ventilations	O
days	O
,	O
number	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
admission	O
days	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
score	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
deterioration	O
pattern	O
(	O
Types	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
)	O
and	O
peak	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
level	O
were	O
compared	O
between	O
the	O
two	O
groups	O
using	O
the	O
student	O
Follow	O
-	O
up	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
were	O
normal	O
in	O
23	O
out	O
of	O
36	O
(	O
64	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

Significantly	O
greater	O
number	O
of	O
ICU	O
admission	O
days	O
,	O
older	O
age	O
,	O
higher	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
scores	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographic	O
deterioration	O
patterns	O
and	O
peak	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
noted	O
in	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
on	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiographs	O
after	O
recovery	O
from	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
efficacy	O
of	O
a	O
combination	O
treatment	O
of	O
alendronate	B-CHED
,	O
extracorporeal	O
shock	O
and	O
hyperbaric	O
oxygen	B-CHED
for	O
osteonecrosis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
(	O
ONFH	O
)	O
of	O
post	O
-	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
.	O

Epidemiological	O
investigations	O
show	O
that	O
piglet	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
is	O
often	O
caused	O
by	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
by	O
which	O
multiple	O
microorganisms	O
cause	O
disease	O
are	O
unclear	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
advance	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
coinfection	B-DISO
and	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
causing	O
piglet	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
57	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
with	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
related	O
to	O
<	O
italic	O
>	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
pneumophila	I-SPEC
</	O
italic	O
>	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
who	O
required	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
for	O
75	O
days	O
.	O

Data	O
from	O
humans	B-SPEC
are	O
more	O
conflicting	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Glycan	B-CHED
Shield	O
and	O
Fusion	O
Activation	O
of	O
a	O
Deltacoronavirus	O
Spike	O
Glycoprotein	B-CHED
Fine	O
-	O
Tuned	O
for	O
Enteric	O
Infections	O
.	O

They	O
utilize	O
the	O
spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
anchored	O
in	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
envelope	I-COMP
to	O
mediate	O
host	B-COMP
attachment	O
and	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
to	O
initiate	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
virulent	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
inoculate	O
50	O
kg	O
swine	B-SPEC
feed	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
mixed	O
,	O
conveyed	O
,	O
and	O
discharged	O
into	O
bags	O
using	O
pilot	O
-	O
scale	O
feed	O
manufacturing	O
equipment	O
.	O

Environmental	O
swabs	O
indicated	O
complete	O
contamination	O
of	O
animal	O
food	O
-	O
contact	O
surfaces	O
(	O
0	O
/	O
40	O
vs	O
.	O
48	O
/	O
48	O
,	O
positive	O
baseline	O
samples	O
/	O
total	O
baseline	O
samples	O
,	O
positive	O
subsequent	O
samples	O
/	O
total	O
subsequent	O
samples	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
and	O
near	O
complete	O
contamination	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
food	O
-	O
contact	O
surfaces	O
(	O
0	O
/	O
24	O
vs	O
.	O
16	O
/	O
18	O
,	O
positive	O
baseline	O
samples	O
/	O
total	O
baseline	O
samples	O
,	O
positive	O
subsequent	O
samples	O
/	O
total	O
subsequent	O
samples	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Thus	O
NMR	O
based	O
metabolomics	O
has	O
provided	O
new	O
insight	O
into	O
ARDS	B-DISO
sub	O
-	O
stages	O
and	O
conclusively	O
a	O
precise	O
biomarker	B-CHED
model	O
proposed	O
,	O
reflecting	O
underlying	O
metabolic	B-PROC
dysfunction	O
aiding	O
prior	O
clinical	O
decision	O
making	O
.	O

Dengue	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
remains	O
an	O
important	O
public	O
health	O
concern	O
,	O
with	O
at	O
least	O
eight	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
being	O
endemic	O
for	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Discovery	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
swine	B-SPEC
enteric	O
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SeACoV	O
)	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
.	O

Although	O
several	O
studies	O
have	O
investigated	O
the	O
molecular	O
aspects	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
there	O
are	O
little	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
on	O
pig	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-ANAT
physiology	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Poly	O
(	O
d	O
,	O
l	O
-	O
lactide	O
-	O
co	O
-	O
glycolide	O
)	O
nanoparticle	B-CHED
-	O
entrapped	O
vaccine	O
induces	O
a	O
protective	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
less	O
piglet	O
mortality	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
PLGA	B-CHED
-	O
KAg	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
groups	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
KAg	O
or	O
201	O
-	O
KAg	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
randomly	O
collected	O
from	O
steers	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
23	O
)	O
and	O
assessed	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
of	O
BRD	O
by	O
PCR	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
.	O

PCR	O
or	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
did	O
not	O
identify	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
multocida	I-SPEC
,	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
bovis	I-SPEC
,	O
BoHV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
,	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
BPIV	O
-	O
3	O
from	O
the	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
.	O

To	O
assess	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
combinations	O
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
which	O
predict	O
hypoxaemia	O
in	O
pre	O
-	O
school	O
children	O
aged	O
2	O
months	O
to	O
5	O
years	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
in	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Switzerland	O
and	O
Senegal	O
.	O

It	O
exhibited	O
potent	O
inhibitions	O
against	O
wild	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
neuraminidases	I-PRGE
from	I-PRGE
group	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
and	O
H1N1	O
)	O
and	O
group	O
2	O
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
subtypes	O
with	O
IC	O

TITLE	O
:	O
VSIG4	B-PRGE
inhibits	O
proinflammatory	O
macrophage	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
by	O
reprogramming	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
pyruvate	B-CHED
metabolism	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Discrepancies	O
between	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
detection	O
in	O
effusions	B-DISO
of	O
cats	O
with	O
suspected	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
subsequently	O
identified	O
novel	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
changes	O
within	O
the	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
and	O
nsp14	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
ExoN	O
(-)	O
P250	O
that	O
partially	O
accounted	O
for	O
the	O
reduced	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
analogues	I-CHED
.	O

These	O
results	O
also	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
high	O
-	O
fidelity	O
replication	O
is	O
linked	O
to	O
CoV	O
fitness	O
and	O
indicate	O
that	O
multiple	O
replicase	B-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
could	O
compensate	O
for	O
ExoN	O
functions	O
during	O
replication	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
mycoplasmosis	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
gallisepticum	I-SPEC
(	O
MG	O
)	O
are	O
two	O
major	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
resulted	O
in	O
severe	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

Surfactant	B-CHED
replacement	O
therapy	O
may	O
mitigate	O
the	O
symptoms	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
by	O
decreasing	O
the	O
surface	O
tension	B-DISO
of	O
alveoli	B-ANAT
and	O
facilitating	O
inflation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
No	O
evidence	O
of	O
enteric	O
viral	O
involvement	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
neonatal	O
porcine	B-SPEC
diarrhoea	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
Danish	O
pigs	O
.	O

Our	O
detailed	O
analyses	O
of	O
piglets	O
from	O
NNPDS	O
-	O
affected	O
herds	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
viruses	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
pose	O
a	O
significant	O
contribution	O
to	O
NNPDS	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diversity	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronaviruses	O
in	O
109	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
based	O
on	O
full	O
-	O
genome	O
sequencing	O
,	O
Abu	O
Dhabi	O
,	O
United	O
Arab	O
Emirates	O
.	O

In	O
all	O
,	O
109	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
positive	O
camels	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
week	O
1	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
positive	O
camels	B-SPEC
were	O
sampled	O
again	O
weeks	O
3	O
through	O
6	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
titer	O
in	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
from	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
neurological	O
signs	O
.	O

The	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
has	O
been	O
documented	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
against	O
multiple	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
RNAi	B-PROC
approach	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
siRNAs	O
delivery	O
has	O
been	O
improved	O
by	O
using	O
advanced	O
nanotechnology	O
like	O
lipid	B-CHED
nanoparticles	B-CHED
,	O
inorganic	B-CHED
nanoparticles	I-CHED
and	O
polymeric	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
two	O
other	O
cases	O
,	O
anesthetic	O
complications	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
associated	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
primary	O
cause	O
being	O
intracerebral	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
stroke	B-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
.	O

With	O
venoarterial	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
a	O
massive	O
infusion	O
of	O
propofol	B-CHED
successfully	O
suppressed	O
status	B-DISO
epilepticus	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
both	O
the	O
circulatory	B-DISO
collapse	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
gradually	O
improved	O
;	O
venoarterial	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
propofol	B-CHED
treatments	O
were	O
then	O
terminated	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
discharged	O
without	O
further	O
disabilities	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
lethal	O
case	O
of	O
mamushi	B-SPEC
(	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
a	O
lethal	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
mamushi	B-SPEC
(	O
The	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
35	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
bite	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
detection	O
rates	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
were	O
not	O
significantly	O
different	O
among	O
the	O
three	O
years	O
studied	O
,	O
at	O
5	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
0	O
and	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
for	O
2013	O
,	O
2014	O
and	O
2015	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
eight	O
domains	O
of	O
Nsp3	B-PRGE
exist	O
in	O
all	O
known	O
CoVs	O
:	O
the	O
ubiquitin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
Ubl1	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
Glu	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
acidic	O
domain	O
(	O
also	O
called	O
""""	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
"""),"	O
a	O
macrodomain	O
(	O
also	O
named	O
""""	O
X	O
domain	O
"""),"	O
the	O
ubiquitin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
Ubl2	B-PRGE
),	O
the	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
PL2	B-PRGE

Here	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
genetic	O
variability	O
of	O
H120	O
and	O
Ma5	O
strains	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
from	O
different	O
Brazilian	O
manufacturers	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Healthcare	O
worker	O
infected	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
during	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
resuscitation	O
in	O
Korea	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

The	O
possible	O
routes	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
may	O
include	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
respiratory	O
invasion	B-DISO
of	O
aerosols	O
contaminated	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
through	O
a	O
gap	O
between	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
and	O
mask	O
;	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
exposure	O
to	O
sweat	B-ANAT
contaminated	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
;	O
and	O
contamination	O
during	O
doffing	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
.	O

The	O
MERS	O
guidelines	O
should	O
reflect	O
this	O
case	O
to	O
decrease	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
during	O
CPR	B-ENZY
.	O

She	O
suggested	O
that	O
she	O
was	O
contaminated	O
with	O
the	O
MERS	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
body	B-ANAT
fluids	I-ANAT
by	O
wiping	O
away	O
the	O
sweat	B-ANAT
from	O
her	O
face	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
CPR	B-ENZY
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
disrupts	O
the	O
melanoma	B-PRGE
differentiation	B-PROC
associated	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
(	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
)	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
by	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
adaptor	O
protein	B-CHED
MAVS	O
.	O

RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
absent	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
results	O
in	O
vascular	B-ANAT
leakage	B-DISO
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
)	O
beta	O
-	O
1a	O
up	O
-	O
regulates	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
ecto	O
-	O
5	B-ENZY
'-	I-ENZY
nucleotidase	I-ENZY
cluster	O
of	O
differentiation	B-PROC
73	O
(	O
CD73	O
),	O
which	O
increases	O
adenosine	B-CHED
levels	O
,	O
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
may	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
be	O
a	O
potential	O
treatment	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
other	O
regions	O
,	O
adults	O
may	O
also	O
develop	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
but	O
neurological	O
sequelae	O
in	O
survivors	O
are	O
rare	O
.	O

Common	O
complications	O
included	O
anemia	B-DISO
(	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
mortality	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
6	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

Then	O
an	O
advanced	O
search	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
using	O
""""	O
One	O
Health	O
""""	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
the	O
terms	O
""""	O
zoonosis	O
""""	O
and	O
""""	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
""""	O
in	O
PubMed	O
for	O
the	O
time	O
period	O
between	O
January	O
2007	O
and	O
December	O
2014	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
masks	O
,	O
N95	O
respirators	O
conferred	O
superior	O
protection	O
against	O
CRI	O
(	O
RR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
47	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
36	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
)	O
and	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
bacterial	O
(	O
RR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
46	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
34	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
),	O
but	O
not	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
or	O
ILI	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
risk	O
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
increased	O
in	O
passive	O
and	O
active	O
smokers	O
after	O
blunt	O
trauma	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
,	O
antigenicity	O
,	O
pathogenicity	O
,	O
tissue	B-PROC
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
shedding	O
of	O
a	O
recombinant	O
avian	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LJL	O
/	O
140901	O
-	O
like	O
backbone	B-ANAT
and	O
an	O
S2	O
fragment	O
from	O
a	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
-	O
like	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
pathogenicity	O
tests	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
isolate	O
I1101	O
/	O
16	O
was	O
more	O
pathogenic	O
to	O
1	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
than	O
strain	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LJL	O
/	O
140901	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
whereas	O
strain	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LJL	O
/	O
140901	O
exhibited	O
prolonged	O
replication	O
and	O
shedding	O
after	O
challenge	O
compared	O
with	O
isolate	O
I1101	O
/	O
16	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
Current	O
Therapeutic	O
Options	O
and	O
Potential	O
Targets	O
for	O
Novel	O
Therapies	O
.	O

A	O
literature	O
search	O
was	O
performed	O
covering	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
clinical	O
features	O
and	O
therapeutics	O
,	O
clinically	O
developed	O
drugs	O
for	O
repurposing	O
and	O
novel	O
drug	O
targets	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
pulse	B-PROC
oximetry	O
level	O
remained	O
in	O
the	O
seventies	O
despite	O
intubation	O
and	O
aggressive	B-DISO
ventilator	O
management	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
11	O
patients	O
who	O
died	B-PROC
within	O
30	O
days	O
were	O
generally	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
procedural	O
complications	O
,	O
but	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
serious	O
clinical	O
status	O
before	O
PCI	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
subgroup	O
analyses	O
including	O
age	O
,	O
gender	O
,	O
extent	O
of	O
CAD	B-DISO
,	O
severe	O
chronic	B-DISO
kidney	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
subgroup	O
factors	O
and	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
single	O
-	O
session	O
strategy	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
staged	O
strategy	O
for	O
the	O
primary	O
outcome	O
measure	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
subgroup	O
analyses	O
including	O
age	O
,	O
gender	O
,	O
extent	O
of	O
CAD	B-DISO
,	O
severe	O
chronic	B-DISO
kidney	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
subgroup	O
factors	O
and	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
single	O
-	O
session	O
strategy	O
relative	O
to	O
the	O
staged	O
strategy	O
for	O
the	O
primary	O
outcome	O
measure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anaphylactic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
with	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
sodium	O
succinate	O
in	O
a	O
child	O
with	O
short	B-DISO
bowel	B-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
cow	O
'	O
s	O
milk	O
allergy	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
describe	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
25	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
who	O
developed	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
after	O
an	O
uneventful	O
laparoscopic	O
appendectomy	O
for	O
a	O
perforated	O
appendix	B-ANAT
,	O
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

The	O
findings	O
of	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
virological	O
studies	O
prompted	O
us	O
to	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
could	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
route	O
to	O
acquire	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
encode	O
a	O
mixture	B-CHED
of	O
highly	O
conserved	O
and	O
novel	O
genes	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
genetic	O
elements	O
necessary	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
raising	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
common	O
targets	O
for	O
attenuation	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
design	O
.	O

In	O
adult	O
DMD	B-DISO
and	O
BMD	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ejection	O
fraction	O
alteration	O
and	O
on	O
HMV	O
,	O
admitted	O
for	O
AHF	O
,	O
right	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
signs	O
are	O
frequent	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Macrophage	B-ANAT
scavenger	B-SPEC
receptor	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
contributes	O
to	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
via	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
-	O
mediated	O
complement	B-PROC
activation	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
macrophage	B-PRGE
scavenger	B-SPEC
receptor	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
Msr1	B-PRGE
,	O
also	O
called	O
SRA	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
pattern	B-PRGE
recognition	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
primarily	O
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
myeloid	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
maintenance	O
of	O
immune	O
homeostasis	B-PROC
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
fulminant	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
(	O
FH	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
disease	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
6	O
recipients	O
with	O
HBoV	O
(	O
3	O
%),	O
only	O
1	O
had	O
LRT	B-ANAT
involvement	O
and	O
no	O
one	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Published	O
guidance	O
recommends	O
controlled	O
movement	B-PROC
for	O
persons	O
with	O
higher	O
-	O
risk	O
exposures	O
(	O
HREs	O
)	O
to	O
communicable	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	O
public	O
health	O
concern	O
;	O
US	O
federal	O
public	O
health	O
travel	O
restrictions	O
(	O
PHTRs	O
)	O
might	O
be	O
implemented	O
to	O
enforce	O
these	O
measures	O
.	O

His	O
condition	B-DISO
improved	O
after	O
ampicillin	B-CHED
and	O
penicillin	B-CHED
G	I-CHED
were	O
added	O
empirically	O
.	O

Monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
mAbs	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
successfully	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
various	O
diseases	O
,	O
particularly	O
cancer	B-DISO
and	O
immunological	O
disorders	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
summarize	O
historical	O
trends	O
and	O
recent	O
developments	O
in	O
mAb	O
discovery	O
,	O
compare	O
the	O
advantages	O
and	O
disadvantages	O
of	O
various	O
approaches	O
to	O
mAb	O
production	O
,	O
and	O
discuss	O
the	O
potential	O
use	O
of	O
such	O
strategies	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
antivirals	B-CHED
against	O
emerging	O
diseases	O
.	O

The	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
attenuation	O
regions	O
were	O
similarly	O
present	O
among	O
the	O
groups	O
,	O
8	O
(	O
40	O
%),	O
8	O
(	O
40	O
%),	O
14	O
(	O
70	O
%),	O
and	O
10	O
(	O
50	O
%),	O
while	O
the	O
airspace	O
consolidations	O
were	O
significantly	O
more	O
present	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
International	O
Society	O
for	O
Influenza	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
Respiratory	O
Virus	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
held	O
its	O
5th	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Group	O
(	O
isirv	O
-	O
AVG	O
)	O
Conference	O
in	O
Shanghai	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
the	O
Shanghai	O
Public	O
Health	O
Center	O
and	O
Fudan	O
University	O
from	O
14	O
-	O
16	O
June	O
2017	O
.	O

Following	O
on	O
from	O
the	O
previous	O
conference	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
ongoing	O
discussions	O
on	O
appropriate	O
endpoints	O
for	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
in	O
clinical	O
trials	O
from	O
regulators	O
and	O
clinicians	O
,	O
an	O
issue	O
which	O
remains	O
unresolved	O
.	O

Using	O
electron	O
tomography	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
for	O
both	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
coexpression	O
of	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
and	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
is	O
required	O
and	O
sufficient	O
to	O
induce	O
DMVs	O
.	O

Coexpression	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nsp3	I-PRGE
and	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
either	O
as	O
individual	O
proteins	B-CHED
or	O
as	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
cleaving	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
precursor	I-PRGE
resulted	O
in	O
very	O
similar	O
DMVs	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
both	O
setups	O
we	O
observed	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
zippered	O
ER	O
that	O
appeared	O
to	O
wrap	O
into	O
nascent	O
DMVs	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
when	O
inactivating	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
polyprotein	O
cleavage	B-PROC
by	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
,	O
we	O
established	O
that	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
/	O
nsp4	B-PRGE
junction	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
DMV	O
formation	B-PROC
.	O

IL	O
-	O
36α	O
and	O
IL	O
-	O
36γ	O
were	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
(	O
PMs	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
response	O
to	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aeruginosa	I-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Decreased	O
mortality	O
in	O
IL	O
-	O
36R	O
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
IL	O
-	O
36γ	O
-/-	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
reduction	O
in	O
bacterial	O
burden	O
in	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
space	O
,	O
bacterial	O
dissemination	O
,	O
production	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
without	O
changes	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
leukocyte	B-ANAT
influx	O
.	O

Treatment	O
of	O
PMs	B-DISO
with	O
recombinant	O
IL	O
-	O
36γ	O
resulted	O
in	O
impaired	B-DISO
bacterial	O
killing	O
via	O
PGE2	B-CHED
and	O
its	O
receptor	O
;	O
EP2	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
and	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
analysis	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
among	O
cross	O
-	O
border	B-ANAT
children	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
surveillance	O
on	O
the	O
prevalence	O
and	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
variation	O
of	O
HCoVs	O
circulation	B-PROC
in	O
this	O
region	O
is	O
conducted	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
mutants	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
strains	O
were	O
detected	O
,	O
suggesting	O
continuous	O
monitoring	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
is	O
in	O
need	O
among	O
cross	O
-	O
border	B-ANAT
children	O
,	O
who	O
are	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
get	O
infected	O
and	O
transmit	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
across	O
the	O
border	B-ANAT
easily	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
78	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
37	O
%;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
out	O
of	O
3298	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
specimens	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
positive	O
for	O
OC43	O
(	O
36	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
09	O
%),	O
HKU1	O
(	O
34	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
03	O
%),	O
NL63	O
(	O
6	O
;	O
0	O
.	O
18	O
%)	O
and	O
229E	O
(	O
2	O
;	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
%).	O

There	O
is	O
increasing	O
evidence	O
that	O
plus	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
(+	O
RNA	O
)	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
including	O
RO	O
formation	B-PROC
and	O
virion	B-COMP
morphogenesis	B-PROC
,	O
affects	O
cellular	B-PROC
lipid	B-PROC
metabolism	I-PROC
and	O
critically	O
depends	O
on	O
enzymes	O
involved	O
in	O
lipid	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
processing	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
first	O
days	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
nerve	B-PROC
conduction	B-PROC
studies	O
(	O
NCSs	O
)	O
are	O
not	O
always	O
conclusive	O
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
acute	O
motor	O
and	O
sensory	O
axonal	B-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
was	O
made	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
normal	O
NCS	B-CHED
findings	O
up	O
to	O
several	O
weeks	O
do	O
not	O
exclude	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
GBS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
French	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
Society	O
'	O
s	O
readiness	O
and	O
response	O
to	O
epidemic	O
or	O
biological	O
risk	O
-	O
the	O
current	O
situation	O
following	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
alerts	O
.	O

The	O
SOPs	O
validated	O
by	O
the	O
SPILF	O
and	O
its	O
affiliates	O
were	O
disseminated	O
to	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
key	O
stakeholders	O
through	O
various	O
media	B-ANAT
including	O
workshops	O
and	O
the	O
SPILF	O
'	O
s	O
website	O
.	O

Viral	O
titers	O
were	O
calculated	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
plaque	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
assay	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
of	O
APS	B-DISO
was	O
tested	O
by	O
utilizing	O
a	O
Cell	B-COMP
Counting	O
Kit	B-FUNC
-	O
8	O
assay	O
.	O

These	O
RBD	O
classes	O
differ	O
in	O
their	O
affinity	O
for	O
APN	B-PRGE
and	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
an	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

Together	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
provide	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
alphacoronavirus	O
adaptation	B-PROC
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
based	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
extended	O
loops	O
for	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infections	O
:	O
an	O
ongoing	O
battle	O
between	O
the	O
virus	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
findings	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
sophisticated	O
molecular	O
structure	O
analyses	O
,	O
omics	O
tools	O
and	O
computer	O
-	O
based	O
models	O
,	O
have	O
helped	O
delineate	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
will	O
facilitate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
treatment	O
strategies	O
and	O
vaccines	O
with	O
enhanced	O
efficacy	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
apparent	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
requiring	O
life	O
-	O
sustaining	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
).	O

Antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CRCoV	O
had	O
a	O
protective	O
effect	O
against	O
CRCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
more	O
severe	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
CIRD	O
but	O
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
CnPnV	O
did	O
not	O
.	O

Only	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
were	O
seropositive	O
for	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
,	O
and	O
none	O
were	O
positive	O
by	O
PCR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Re	O
-	O
examining	O
Permissive	O
Hypercapnia	B-DISO
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
A	O
Narrative	O
Review	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inflammatory	O
processes	O
during	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
complex	O
system	O
.	O

Gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
analysis	O
from	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
or	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
or	O
trauma	O
show	O
an	O
enormous	O
number	O
of	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
genes	O
with	O
highly	O
significant	O
overlaps	O
between	O
the	O
various	O
conditions	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
comprehend	O
this	O
complex	O
system	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
necessary	O
to	O
combine	O
model	O
-	O
driven	O
simulations	O
,	O
data	O
-	O
driven	O
modelling	O
and	O
hypothesis	O
-	O
driven	O
experimental	O
studies	O
.	O

Genetically	O
engineered	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
casei	I-SPEC
393	O
(	O
L393	O
)	O
strains	O
expressing	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
only	O
(	B-PRGE
pPG	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
L393	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
or	O
fused	O
-	O
expressing	O
COE	O
and	O
M	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
targeting	B-PROC
peptide	B-CHED
Co1	I-PRGE
(	O
pPG	B-PRGE
-	O
COE	O
-	O
Co1	B-PRGE
/	O
L393	O
)	O
were	O
constructed	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
upon	O
administration	O
as	O
an	O
oral	B-ANAT
vaccine	O
was	O
evaluated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Trypsin	B-ENZY
-	O
independent	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
US	O
strain	O
with	O
altered	O
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
mechanism	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
Epidemic	O
Diarrhea	O
Virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
infects	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
causes	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	I-DISO
vomiting	I-DISO
in	O
older	O
pigs	B-SPEC
or	O
extreme	O
dehydration	B-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
that	O
could	O
reach	B-PROC
100	O
%	O
mortality	O
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
passaged	O
an	O
US	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
under	O
various	O
conditions	O
to	O
generate	O
three	O
strains	O
and	O
characterized	O
their	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
antigenicity	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
using	O
various	O
assays	O
including	O
Western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
neutralization	O
assay	O
,	O
sequencing	O
analysis	O
and	O
confocal	O
microscopy	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
One	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
generated	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
(	O
designated	O
as	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
8aa	O
)	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
replicate	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
without	O
any	O
protease	O
and	O
grows	O
to	O
a	O
high	O
titer	O
of	O
>	O
8	O
log	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Post	O
-	O
transplant	B-ANAT
tuberculosis	B-PATH
(	O
PTTB	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
serious	O
opportunistic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
renal	B-ANAT
graft	B-ANAT
recipients	O
with	O
a	O
30	O
-	O
70	O
fold	O
higher	O
incidence	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
.	O

After	O
34	O
days	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
was	O
discharged	O
to	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
ward	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
complete	O
recovery	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
offers	O
a	O
guideline	O
for	O
the	O
clinical	O
management	O
towards	O
survival	O
of	O
GITB	O
in	O
transplant	B-ANAT
patients	O
,	O
complicated	O
by	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
acute	O
renal	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
project	O
is	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
current	O
state	O
animal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
response	O
plans	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
how	O
closely	O
their	O
content	O
,	O
order	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
terminology	O
relate	O
to	O
that	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
LERP	O
template	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
phase	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
stress	O
markers	O
in	O
the	O
immediate	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
combined	O
vaccination	O
against	O
Newcastle	O
disease	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
layer	B-ANAT
chicks	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
a	O
routinely	O
used	O
commercial	O
poultry	O
vaccine	O
on	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
phase	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
(	O
APR	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
H	O
/	O
L	O
ratios	O
in	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
layer	B-ANAT
chicks	O
was	O
examined	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
post	O
vaccination	O
(	O
PV	O
)	O
stress	O
and	O
an	O
APR	B-DISO
occur	O
.	O

A	O
combined	O
Newcastle	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
vaccine	O
(	O
Nobalis	O
Ma5	O
+	O
Clone	O
30	O
)	O
was	O
administered	O
to	O
SPF	O
chicks	O
by	O
the	O
intraocular	B-ANAT
route	O
at	O
age	O
7	O
d	O
.	O
Acute	O
phase	O
proteins	O
(	O
APP	B-CHED
),	O
alpha	O
-	O
1	O
acid	B-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
(	O
AGP	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
serum	B-PRGE
amyloid	B-DISO
A	I-PRGE
(	O
SAA	B-PRGE
)	O
were	O
measured	O
by	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assays	O
at	O
d	O
0	O
(	O
pre	O
-	O
vaccination	O
)	O
and	O
d	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
and	O
21	O
PV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
17A	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
17A	I-PRGE
)	O
neutralization	O
on	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

IL	O
-	O
17A	O
neutralization	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
-	O
induction	O
of	O
HMGB1	B-PRGE
liberation	O
and	O
slightly	O
augmented	O
plasmatic	O
uric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
concentration	O
.	O

The	O
above	O
results	O
suggest	O
a	O
reciprocal	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
Th1	O
and	O
Th17	O
cells	B-COMP
acting	O
on	O
the	O
different	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
effects	O
.	O

To	O
study	O
the	O
possible	O
immune	B-PROC
evasion	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
response	O
by	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
line	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
was	O
developed	O
as	O
a	O
cell	B-COMP
model	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

Patients	O
who	O
had	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
≤	O
100	O
mm	O
Hg	O
with	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
≥	O
5	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
were	O
listed	O
for	O
LTPL	O
with	O
no	O
underlying	O
end	O
-	O
stage	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
were	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
retrospective	O
study	O
.	O

Recombination	B-PROC
analysis	O
shows	O
evidence	O
of	O
frequent	O
recombination	B-PROC
events	O
within	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
around	O
the	O
ORF8	O
between	O
these	O
SARSr	O
-	O
CoVs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
its	O
emergence	O
in	O
2013	O
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
throughout	O
the	O
country	O
due	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
to	O
contaminated	O
livestock	O
trailers	O
.	O

Forty	O
3	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
intragastrically	O
inoculated	O
with	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
the	O
coupons	O
after	O
treatment	O
,	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
bioassay	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
PEDV	O
after	O
treatment	O
.	O

Rectal	O
swabs	O
from	O
all	O
pigs	B-SPEC
within	O
the	O
positive	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
4	O
of	O
4	O
)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
by	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
post	O
-	O
treatment	O
swabs	O
from	O
the	O
negative	O
control	O
coupons	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
via	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Funding	O
vaccines	O
for	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Coupled	O
with	O
disjointed	O
efforts	O
towards	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
and	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
funds	O
and	O
desire	O
to	O
advance	O
promising	O
products	O
against	O
known	O
emerging	O
pathogens	O
to	O
clinical	O
trials	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
shortage	O
of	O
approved	O
products	O
ready	O
for	O
emergency	B-DISO
use	O
.	O

Recent	O
outbreaks	O
have	O
exposed	O
these	O
weaknesses	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
Coalition	O
for	O
Epidemic	O
Preparedness	O
Innovations	O
(	O
CEPI	O
)	O
was	O
created	O
in	O
2016	O
to	O
address	O
these	O
issues	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quality	O
of	O
Life	O
of	O
Adult	O
Survivors	O
After	O
Extra	O
Corporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
):	O
A	O
Quantitative	O
Study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribosylation	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
post	O
-	O
translational	O
modification	O
,	O
although	O
how	O
it	O
modulates	O
RNA	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
not	O
well	O
understood	O
.	O

While	O
screening	O
for	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribosylated	O
proteins	B-CHED
during	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
detected	O
a	O
~	O
55kDa	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribosylated	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
in	O
virions	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
we	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
nucleocapsid	I-COMP
(	O
N	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribosylation	O
of	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
also	O
observed	O
in	O
cells	B-COMP
exogenously	O
expressing	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
by	O
transduction	B-PROC
using	O
Venezuelan	B-SPEC
equine	I-SPEC
encephalitis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
replicon	O
particles	O
(	O
VRPs	O
).	O

Due	O
to	O
the	O
deficit	B-DISO
of	O
knowledge	O
in	O
transmission	O
methodology	O
,	O
targeted	B-PROC
treatment	O
and	O
possible	O
vaccines	O
,	O
understanding	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
should	O
be	O
a	O
priority	O
.	O

Distribution	O
of	O
sequences	O
into	O
geographic	O
clusters	B-CHED
and	O
interleaving	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
sequences	O
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
among	O
those	O
isolated	O
from	O
humans	B-SPEC
indicated	O
that	O
multiple	O
zoonotic	O
introductions	O
occurred	O
in	O
endemic	O
nations	O
.	O

Together	O
,	O
these	O
analyses	O
can	O
help	O
us	O
identify	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
viral	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
spread	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
establish	O
efficacy	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
.	O

Data	O
from	O
these	O
surveillance	O
systems	O
showed	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
circulated	O
in	O
West	O
Africa	O
later	O
than	O
in	O
other	O
regions	O
of	O
the	O
continent	O
.	O

Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
continued	O
to	O
circulate	O
in	O
West	O
Africa	O
along	O
with	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H3N2	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
during	O
2010	O
-	O
2012	O
.	O

Seven	O
countries	O
conducted	O
SARI	O
surveillance	O
and	O
collected	O
3114	O
specimens	O
of	O
which	O
209	O
(	O
7	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Heptad	O
repeat	O
(	O
HR	O
)	O
regions	O
are	O
highly	O
conserved	O
motifs	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
of	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
form	O
a	O
six	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
structure	O
and	O
is	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
fusion	O
.	O

Travel	O
-	O
related	O
cases	O
continue	O
to	O
challenge	O
the	O
world	O
'	O
s	O
surveillance	O
and	O
response	O
capabilities	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
data	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
understand	O
unexplained	O
primary	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
blood	B-PROC
perfusion	I-PROC
was	O
assessed	O
by	O
laser	B-SPEC
speckle	O
contrast	O
analysis	O
(	O
LASCA	O
)	O
using	O
a	O
PeriCam	O
PSI	B-PRGE
system	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
a	O
severe	O
reduction	O
in	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
blood	B-PROC
perfusion	I-PROC
immediately	O
after	O
the	O
trauma	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
significantly	O
improve	O
within	O
24	O
h	O
.	O
The	O
injured	O
mice	B-SPEC
began	O
to	O
experience	O
reversible	O
sensorimotor	O
function	O
at	O
9	O
days	O
postinjury	O
(	O
dpi	O
),	O
which	O
had	O
completely	O
recovered	O
at	O
28	O
dpi	O
.	O

Proinflammatory	O
response	O
and	O
reactive	O
gliosis	B-DISO
were	O
upregulated	O
at	O
3	O
dpi	O
.	O

This	O
indicates	O
that	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
has	O
emerged	O
through	O
the	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
of	O
SIVcpz	O
from	O
chimpanzees	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
SIVcpz	O
strain	O
MB897	O
is	O
preadapted	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
unlike	O
the	O
other	O
SIVcpz	O
strains	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
viral	O
RNA	O
sequencing	O
of	O
MB897	O
-	O
infected	O
humanized	O
mice	B-SPEC
identified	O
a	O
nonsynonymous	O
mutation	O
in	O

Patients	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
strain	O
of	O
HCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
less	O
likely	O
to	O
present	O
fever	B-PROC
(≥	O
38	O
°	O
C	O
)	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
014	O
)	O
and	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
present	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
rales	B-DISO
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
043	O
)	O
than	O
those	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
HCoV	O
strain	O
or	O
other	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
culture	O
-	O
adapted	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
lost	B-CHED
the	O
ability	O
to	O
infect	O
and	O
replicate	O
in	O
air	B-CHED
-	O
liquid	O
interface	O
cultures	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
bronchial	B-ANAT
tracheal	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
microRNA	O
-	O
4331	O
Promotes	O
Transmissible	O
Gastroenteritis	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)-	O
induced	O
Mitochondrial	B-COMP
Damage	I-DISO
Via	I-PRGE
Targeting	I-PRGE
RB1	I-PRGE
,	O
Upregulating	O
Interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
Receptor	I-PRGE
Accessory	I-PRGE
Protein	I-PRGE
(	O
IL1RAP	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
Activating	O
p38	B-FUNC
MAPK	B-FUNC
Pathway	B-PROC
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
coronaviridae	B-SPEC
family	B-SPEC
,	O
could	O
cause	O
fatal	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
of	O
piglets	O
and	O
result	O
in	O
numerous	O
economic	O
losses	O
.	O

So	O
miR	O
-	O
4331	O
may	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
regulatory	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
function	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
impacts	O
of	O
baseline	O
ventilator	O
parameters	O
on	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
a	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

In	O
multivariable	O
models	O
,	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
Stimulation	O
-	O
2	O
(	O
ST2	B-ANAT
;	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
],	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
(	O
OR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
025	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
best	O
panel	O
for	O
distinguishing	O
IPS	B-DISO
at	O
diagnosis	O
from	O
unaffected	O
controls	O
,	O
whereas	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
TNFR1	B-PRGE
;	O
OR	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
002	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
best	O
marker	O
when	O
comparing	O
patients	O
with	O
IPS	B-DISO
and	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
determined	O
the	O
structures	O
of	O
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
loops	O
(	O
SL	O
)	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
of	O
two	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	O
)	O
229E	O
and	O
NL63	O
,	O
by	O
RNA	O
structure	O
probing	O
and	O
studied	O
the	O
functional	O
relevance	O
of	O
these	O
putative	O
cis	B-DISO
-	O
acting	O
elements	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Host	B-COMP
susceptibility	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
2015	O
Korean	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
history	O
of	O
autologous	O
stem	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
(	O
HR	O
,	O
31	O
.	O
151	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
5	O
.	O
447	O
-	O
178	O
.	O
145	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
tachypnea	B-DISO
at	O
ED	O
(	O
HR	O
,	O
4	O
.	O
392	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
402	O
-	O
13	O
.	O
761	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
for	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
four	O
most	O
common	O
avian	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
viruses	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aims	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
platelet	B-ANAT
concentration	O
during	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
in	O
victims	O
of	O
a	O
mass	O
burn	O
casualty	O
.	O

We	O
collected	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
data	O
for	O
the	O
patients	O
and	O
divided	O
the	O
patients	O
into	O
a	O
complication	B-DISO
group	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
complication	B-DISO
group	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
longitudinal	O
pattern	O
of	O
lung	O
function	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
sickle	B-DISO
cell	I-DISO
anemia	B-SPEC
(	O
SCA	B-ANAT
)	O
has	O
shown	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
FEV	B-SPEC

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
reparative	O
effects	O
of	O
ATII	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
an	O
experimental	O
model	O
of	O
ALI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Altered	O
Gut	B-ANAT
Microbiota	B-SPEC
Profiles	O
in	O
Sows	O
and	O
Neonatal	O
Piglets	O
Associated	O
with	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	B-DISO
Diarrhea	I-DISO
Virus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
nurses	O
were	O
mandated	O
to	O
remain	O
in	O
isolation	O
in	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
dedicated	O
to	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
MERS	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
7	O
days	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
detailed	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
pathway	B-PROC
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
implication	O
in	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
interactions	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
fully	O
investigated	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
apoptotic	O
activity	O
of	O
JNK	B-FUNC
was	O
not	O
mediated	O
via	O
c	O
-	O
Jun	O
,	O
but	O
involved	O
modulation	O
of	O
the	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
apoptotic	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
B	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
cell	I-DISO
lymphoma	I-DISO
2	I-PRGE
(	O
Bcl2	B-PRGE
).	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
JNK	B-FUNC
constitutes	O
an	O
important	O
aspect	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interaction	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
other	O
MAPKs	O
.	O

These	O
cases	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
involve	O
close	O
contact	O
and	O
have	O
occurred	O
primarily	O
in	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
suspected	O
to	O
result	O
from	O
repeated	O
zoonotic	O
introductions	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
demonstrate	O
a	O
genetic	O
link	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
these	O
clusters	B-CHED
to	O
a	O
camel	B-SPEC
and	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
diversity	O
results	O
from	O
multiple	O
zoonotic	O
introductions	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
residual	O
replicating	O
or	O
live	O
virus	B-SPEC
after	O
inactivation	B-DISO
was	O
examined	O
by	O
passaging	O
in	O
the	O
permissive	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agent	O
cisatracurium	O
may	O
improve	O
mortality	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

To	O
determine	O
whether	O
cisatracurium	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
improved	O
outcomes	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
vecuronium	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
and	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
of	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
Mexico	O
,	O
2013	O
-	O
2016	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
proposed	O
a	O
comparative	O
analysis	O
approach	O
and	O
built	O
a	O
model	O
to	O
simulate	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
3	O
different	O
in	O
-	O
flight	B-PROC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
similar	O
cabin	O
environment	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
),	O
and	O
norovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
simulation	O
results	O
seemed	O
to	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
close	O
contact	O
route	O
was	O
probably	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
route	O
(	O
contributes	O
70	O
%,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]:	O
67	O
%-	O
72	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
in	O
-	O
flight	B-PROC
transmission	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H1N1	O
transmission	O
;	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
passengers	O
within	O
2	O
rows	O
of	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
had	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
infection	B-DISO
risk	O
than	O
others	O
in	O
the	O
outbreak	O
(	O
relative	O
risk	O
[	O
RR	O
]:	O
13	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
121	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
019	O
).	O

The	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
efficiently	O
incorporated	O
into	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
envelope	I-COMP
and	O
mediated	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
through	O
binding	B-FUNC
its	O
receptor	O
,	O
human	B-PRGE
DPP4	I-PRGE
.	O

Knockdown	O
of	O
clathrin	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
by	O
siRNA	O
drastically	O
abrogated	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
VSVΔG	O
-	O
MERS	O
in	O
Vero	O
cells	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Retrieval	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
patients	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
Any	O
impact	O
on	O
their	O
outcomes	O
?	O

The	O
replication	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
compared	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
parental	O
Huh7	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
in	O
CypA	B-PRGE
-	O
knockout	O
Huh7	O
cells	B-COMP
generated	O
using	O
CRISPR	O
/	O
Cas9	O
-	O
technology	O
.	O

The	O
psychological	B-DISO
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
on	O
employees	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
occupational	O
role	O
;	O
training	O
/	O
preparedness	O
;	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
work	O
environments	O
;	O
quarantine	O
;	O
role	O
-	O
related	O
stressors	O
;	O
perceived	O
risk	O
;	O
social	O
support	O
;	O
social	O
rejection	O
/	O
isolation	O
;	O
and	O
impact	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
on	O
personal	O
or	O
professional	O
life	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
reported	O
two	O
beta	O
CoVs	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
MERS	O
that	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
two	O
bats	B-SPEC
belonging	O
to	O
two	O
commonly	O
recorded	O
species	B-SPEC
in	O
Italy	O
(	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
kuhlii	I-SPEC
and	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
savii	I-SPEC
).	O

Unfortunately	O
,	O
optimal	O
treatment	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
established	O
for	O
this	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
case	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
potential	O
usefulness	O
of	O
orally	B-ANAT
administered	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
therapeutic	O
option	O
for	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
syncytial	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
an	O
immunocompetent	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
picornaviruses	B-SPEC
are	O
plus	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
use	O
5	O
'	O
cap	B-DISO
-	O
dependent	O
and	O
cap	B-DISO
-	O
independent	O
strategies	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
for	O
viral	B-PATH
mRNA	I-PATH
translation	B-PROC
initiation	O
.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
reported	O
case	O
of	O
bilateral	O
central	O
retinal	O
artery	O
occlusion	B-PROC
with	O
both	O
anterior	O
and	O
posterior	B-DISO
ischemic	I-DISO
optic	I-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
,	O
presumed	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
severe	O
systemic	O
hypotension	O
,	O
hypoxemia	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
prolonged	O
prone	O
positioning	O
.	O

Observational	O
study	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
admitted	O
from	O
September	O
2012	O
to	O
May	O
2014	O
,	O
who	O
underwent	O
BCCE	O
within	O
48	O
h	O
of	O
admission	O
to	O
a	O
20	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
medical	O
ICU	O
.	O

Hospital	O
mortality	O
for	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
17	O
.	O
0	O
,	O
27	O
.	O
9	O
and	O
50	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
respectively	O
(	O
without	O
severe	O
ACP	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
was	O
29	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
48	O
.	O
3	O
and	O
53	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
respectively	O
(	O
with	O
severe	O
ACP	B-DISO
).	O

Fears	O
related	O
to	O
a	O
potential	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
led	O
to	O
an	O
increased	O
alert	O
level	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
heightened	O
media	B-ANAT
coverage	O
in	O
the	O
neighboring	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
.	O

Critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
defined	O
above	O
goal	O
oxygen	B-CHED
exposure	O
as	O
the	O
difference	O
between	O
the	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
whenever	O
the	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
was	O
above	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
and	O
when	O
the	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
in	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
was	O
above	O
80	O
mm	O
Hg	O
.	O

We	O
determined	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
a	O
cumulative	O
5	O
-	O
day	O
above	O
goal	O
oxygen	B-CHED
exposure	O
on	O
mortality	O
prior	O
to	O
discharge	B-ANAT
home	O
at	O
90	O
days	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
continuing	O
effort	B-PROC
to	O
decipher	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanism	O
underlying	O
IFITM	O
differential	O
modulation	O
of	O
HCoV	O
entry	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
structural	O
motifs	O
important	O
for	O
IFITM	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
posttranslational	B-PROC
modifications	I-PROC
,	O
intracellular	B-COMP
trafficking	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
oligomerization	O
in	O
modulating	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
five	O
HCoVs	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
these	O
residues	O
and	O
structural	O
motifs	O
of	O
IFITM	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
key	O
determinants	O
for	O
modulating	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
HCoVs	O
,	O
most	O
likely	O
through	O
interaction	O
with	O
viral	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
host	B-COMP
cellular	B-COMP
components	O
at	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
viral	O
entry	O
to	O
modulate	O
the	O
fusion	O
of	O
viral	B-COMP
envelope	I-COMP
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alveolar	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
regeneration	B-PROC
following	O
deletion	O
of	O
ABCA3	B-PRGE
.	O

The	O
remarkable	O
and	O
selective	O
regeneration	B-PROC
of	O
ABCA3	B-PRGE
-	O
sufficient	O
AT2	B-CHED
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
provides	O
plausible	O
approaches	O
for	O
future	O
correction	O
of	O
ABCA3	B-PRGE
and	O
other	O
genetic	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
surfactant	B-CHED
deficiency	O
and	O
acute	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protective	O
efficacy	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
simian	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
vaccine	O
against	O
lethal	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
challenge	O
in	O
a	O
transgenic	O
human	O
DPP4	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

From	O
April	O
2014	O
to	O
December	O
2015	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
at	O
admission	O
were	O
retrieved	O
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
database	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
ARDS	B-DISO
developed	O
within	O
7	O
days	O
were	O
further	O
identified	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
and	O
receiver	O
operating	O
characteristic	O
(	O
ROC	O
)	O
curves	O
were	O
performed	O
to	O
screen	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
identify	O
their	O
sensitivity	O
in	O
predicting	O
ARDS	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
prognosis	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
FiB	O
>	O
5	O
.	O
15	O
g	O
/	O
L	O
[	O
adjusted	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
1	O
.	O
893	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
):	O
1	O
.	O
141	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
142	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
014	O
]	O
and	O
PEEP	B-CHED
>	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
cmH	B-DISO
ARDS	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
risk	O
could	O
be	O
early	O
recognized	O
by	O
PEEP	B-CHED
>	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
cmH	B-DISO

Hyponatremia	O
was	O
corrected	O
and	O
the	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
resolved	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
these	O
emerging	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
focus	O
on	O
how	O
surveillance	O
by	O
pathogen	O
genomics	O
has	O
been	O
employed	O
to	O
discover	O
and	O
annotate	O
novel	O
pathogenic	O
agents	O
,	O
identify	O
natural	O
reservoirs	O
,	O
monitor	O
the	O
transmission	O
events	O
and	O
delineate	O
their	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
adaption	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
genomic	O
sequencing	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
standard	O
research	O
tool	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
emerging	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
proven	O
invaluable	O
in	O
containing	O
these	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
reducing	O
burden	O
of	O
disease	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prospective	O
Observational	O
Study	O
on	O
the	O
Association	O
Between	O
Serum	B-COMP
Mannose	B-CHED
-	O
Binding	B-FUNC
Lectin	O
Levels	O
and	O
Severe	O
Outcome	O
in	O
Critically	O
Ill	O
Patients	O
with	O
Pandemic	O
Influenza	B-DISO
Type	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
Infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mannose	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
lectin	I-PRGE
(	O
MBL	B-PRGE
)	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
changes	O
do	O
not	O
affect	O
to	O
the	O
analytic	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
the	O
method	O
because	O
the	O
detection	O
limits	O
of	O
50	O
-	O
100	O
copies	O
/	O
μL	O
and	O
5	O
-	O
100	O
copies	O
/	O
μL	O
using	O
pUC57	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
SARS	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
pS2	B-CHED
(	O
a	O
template	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
pGEM	B-CHED
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
S2	O
(	O
a	O
template	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
respectively	O
,	O
were	O
as	O
sensitive	O
as	O
other	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
methods	O
[	O
1	O
].	O

A	O
clear	O
association	O
between	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
hosts	B-COMP
was	O
observed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
and	O
molecular	O
basis	O
of	O
mismatch	O
correction	O
and	O
ribavirin	B-CHED
excision	O
from	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
stand	O
out	O
among	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
because	O
of	O
their	O
unusually	O
large	O
genomes	O
(∼	O
30	O
kb	O
)	O
associated	O
with	O
low	O
mutation	O
rates	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)-	O
CoV	O
an	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
and	O
proofreading	O
pathway	B-PROC
through	O
association	O
of	O
nsp14	O
with	O
the	O
low	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
fidelity	I-PRGE
nsp12	I-PRGE
viral	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
Chest	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
Children	O
with	O
Sickle	B-DISO
Cell	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
etiology	O
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
is	O
often	O
multifactorial	O
.	O

Other	O
commonly	O
associated	O
etiologies	O
include	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fat	I-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
infarction	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
latter	O
is	O
facilitated	O
by	O
HDL	B-PRGE
'	O
s	O
intrinsic	O
ability	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
the	O
ATP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
cassette	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
A1	I-PRGE
(	O
ABCA1	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
ABCG1	B-PRGE
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
scavenger	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
B1	I-PRGE
(	O
SR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
BI	I-PRGE
).	O

In	O
this	O
Account	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
provide	O
an	O
up	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
date	O
overview	O
on	O
the	O
available	O
methods	O
for	O
extraction	O
,	O
isolation	O
,	O
and	O
purification	O
of	O
apoA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
from	O
native	O
HDL	B-CHED
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
recombinant	O
production	O
.	O

ApoA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
'	O
s	O
subsequent	O
use	O
for	O
the	O
reconstitution	B-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
HDL	I-PRGE
(	O
rHDL	O
)	O
and	O
other	O
HDL	B-CHED
-	O
derived	O
nanobiologics	O
,	O
including	O
innovative	O
microfluidic	O
-	O
based	O
production	O
methods	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
characterization	O
will	O
be	O
discussed	O
.	O

These	O
symptoms	O
were	O
improved	O
by	O
withdrawal	B-DISO
of	O
vancomycin	B-CHED
and	O
a	O
pulsed	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
regimen	O
.	O

A	O
literature	O
search	O
of	O
vancomycin	B-CHED
induced	O
DRESS	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
was	O
also	O
performed	O
and	O
the	O
overall	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
involvement	I-DISO
was	O
estimated	O
as	O
5	O
%.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
nasal	B-ANAT
high	O
-	O
flow	O
therapy	O
(	O
nHFT	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
more	O
recently	O
introduced	O
into	O
the	O
NICUs	O
as	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
respiratory	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
support	O
.	O

BPD	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
26	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
preterms	O
enrolled	O
(	O
Mild	O
20	O
%,	O
Moderate	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
Severe	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

Neither	O
air	B-CHED
leaks	O
nor	O
nasal	B-ANAT
injury	O
were	O
recorded	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
no	O
exitus	O
occurred	O
.	O

LOS	O
,	O
IVH	O
,	O
ROP	B-DISO
,	O
NEC	O
and	O
PDA	B-DISO
occurred	O
respectively	O
in	O
16	O
.	O
1	O
%,	O
0	O
%,	O
7	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
newborns	O
.	O

Traditional	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
for	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
(	O
PH	O
),	O
in	O
this	O
situation	O
,	O
may	O
be	O
unreliable	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
and	O
vasoactive	O
agents	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
characteristics	O
of	O
PH	O
secondary	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
in	O
relation	O
with	O
respiratory	O
parameters	O
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
the	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
,	O
respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
ventilator	O
parameters	O
in	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
38	O
individuals	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
PH	O
defined	O
by	O
mean	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
mPAP	O
)	O
≥	O
25	O
mmHg	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
TAC	B-CHED
detected	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
for	O
24	O
different	O
microbial	O
agents	O
,	O
including	O
12	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
12	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
epidemiologic	O
investigation	O
demonstrated	O
both	O
age	O
and	O
symptomatic	O
presentation	O
to	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
detected	O
agents	O
,	O
including	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
limited	O
to	O
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
From	O
15	O
September	O
2014	O
-	O
13	O
September	O
2015	O
,	O
1007	O
febrile	B-PROC
patients	O
were	O
enrolled	O
,	O
and	O
997	O
contributed	O
an	O
epidemiologic	O
survey	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
14	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
139	O
)	O
1	O
<	O
5yrs	O
,	O
19	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
186	O
)	O
5	O
-	O
14yrs	O
,	O
and	O
67	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
672	O
)	O
≥	O
15yrs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
OC43	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
envelope	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
is	O
critical	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
production	O
and	O
propagation	O
in	O
neuronal	O
cells	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
determinant	O
of	O
neurovirulence	O
and	O
CNS	B-CHED
pathology	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
ephemeral	I-SPEC
fever	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
BEFV	O
),	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
pathogen	O
of	O
bovine	B-DISO
ephemeral	I-DISO
fever	B-PROC
(	O
BEF	O
),	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
increasing	O
numbers	O
of	O
epidemics	O
/	O
outbreaks	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
significant	O
harmful	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
livestock	O
industry	O
.	O

The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
capsid	B-ANAT
structure	O
can	O
carry	O
the	O
major	O
B	B-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
epitope	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
induces	O
production	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
provides	O
immunoprotective	O
effects	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
-	O
Associated	O
Acute	O
Kidney	B-ANAT
Injury	O
With	O
Normal	O
Creatine	B-CHED
Phosphokinase	O
.	O

Supportive	O
management	O
and	O
renal	O
replacement	O
therapy	O
was	O
provided	O
,	O
and	O
renal	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
spontaneously	O
improved	O
after	O
a	O
few	O
weeks	O
.	O

Activities	O
such	O
as	O
performing	O
more	O
thorough	O
cleanings	O
to	O
remove	O
residual	O
virus	B-SPEC
or	O
implementing	O
stricter	O
on	O
-	O
farm	O
biosecurity	O
to	O
cease	O
between	O
-	O
house	O
virus	B-SPEC
transfer	O
demonstrated	O
little	O
effectiveness	O
for	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
PED	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
of	O
two	O
antiviral	B-CHED
inhibitors	B-CHED
targeting	B-PROC
3C	O
-	O
like	O
serine	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
of	O
porcine	B-DISO
reproductive	I-DISO
and	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

SD	O
strain	O
was	O
more	O
virulent	O
in	O
3	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
than	O
M41	O
strain	O
causing	O
higher	O
mortality	O
with	O
severe	O
renal	B-ANAT
lesions	O
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
was	O
instituted	O
in	O
17	O
patients	O
;	O
15	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
required	O
CRRT	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
relative	O
contribution	O
of	O
memory	B-PROC
CD8	B-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
providing	O
protection	O
against	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
currently	O
unclear	O
.	O

Recent	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronaviruses	O
,	O
Zika	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
present	O
great	O
threats	O
to	O
global	O
health	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
summarize	O
the	O
current	O
updates	O
on	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immunological	O
responses	O
against	O
recently	O
emerged	O
or	O
re	O
-	O
emerged	O
viruses	O
,	O
and	O
emphasize	O
the	O
necessity	O
for	O
timely	O
investigation	O
on	O
the	O
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
features	O
of	O
these	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
may	O
provide	O
beneficial	O
recommendations	O
for	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
8b	O
and	O
8ab	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
suppress	O
the	O
interferon	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
by	O
mediating	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
-	O
dependent	O
rapid	O
degradation	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
regulatory	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
.	O

This	O
inhomogeneity	O
is	O
normally	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
lung	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
anatomical	O
variations	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
deeply	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
gravitational	O
forces	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Six	O
-	O
month	O
Outcome	O
of	O
Immunocompromised	O
Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
Patients	O
Rescued	O
by	O
ECMO	O
.	O

Multivariate	O
analyses	O
retained	O
<	O
30	O
days	O
between	O
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
and	O
ECMO	O
cannulation	O
as	O
being	O
associated	O
with	O
lower	O
6	O
-	O
month	O
mortality	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
0	O
.	O
32	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
0	O
.	O
16	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
66	O
);	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
),	O
and	O
lower	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
higher	O
PCO2	O
,	O
age	O
and	O
driving	O
pressure	O
as	O
independent	O
pre	O
-	O
ECMO	O
predictors	O
of	O
6	O
-	O
month	O
mortality	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
MERS	O
human	B-SPEC
/	O
camel	B-SPEC
isolates	O
showed	O
a	O
low	O
codon	O
usage	O
bias	B-SPEC
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
codon	O
usage	O
pattern	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
isolates	O
is	O
different	O
from	O
other	O
related	O
Nidovirales	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
bats	O
and	O
hedgehogs	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
previously	O
determined	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
(	O
DC	O
)-	O
targeted	B-PROC
PEDV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
subunit	O
vaccine	O
in	O
weaned	B-PROC
piglets	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
targeted	B-PROC
to	O
DCs	B-DISO
through	O
a	O
porcine	B-PRGE
Langerin	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
evaluated	O
the	O
protective	O
efficacy	O
of	O
this	O
DC	O
-	O
targeting	B-PROC
vaccine	O
by	O
immunizing	O
sows	O
at	O
5	O
and	O
2	O
weeks	O
prior	O
to	O
farrowing	B-PROC
and	O
by	O
challenging	O
the	O
5	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
piglets	O
with	O
PEDV	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
rapid	O
,	O
automated	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
canthi	O
regions	O
within	O
facial	B-ANAT
IR	O
images	O
may	O
greatly	O
facilitate	O
rapid	O
fever	B-PROC
screening	O
of	O
asymptomatic	O
travelers	O
.	O

Influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
were	O
also	O
detected	O
.	O

Numerous	O
risk	O
factors	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
aetiology	O
of	O
severe	O
RSV	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
ALRI	O
necessitating	O
hospitalisation	O
,	O
including	O
prematurity	O
and	O
congenital	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Biochemical	O
and	O
structural	O
studies	O
revealed	O
the	O
enzymatic	O
nature	O
of	O
nsp15	O
/	O
EndoU	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
was	O
postulated	O
to	O
be	O
essential	O
for	O
the	O
unique	O
replication	O
cycle	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
order	B-SPEC
Nidovirales	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
design	O
bundle	O
treatment	O
plan	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
for	O
severe	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
by	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
H7N9	O
,	O
and	O
explore	O
its	O
clinical	O
efficacy	O
and	O
application	O
value	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
There	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
gender	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
onset	O
to	O
diagnosis	O
time	O
,	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
,	O
PaO	B-PROC

Receiver	O
operating	O
characteristic	O
(	O
ROC	O
)	O
curve	O
was	O
plotted	O
to	O
evaluate	O
MODS	B-DISO
warning	O
score	O
for	O
predicting	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
MODS	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
trauma	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tenofovir	O
disoproxil	O
fumarate	O
(	O
TDF	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
a	O
commonly	O
used	O
antiretroviral	O
drug	O
for	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
rarely	O
causing	O
Fanconi	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
being	O
still	O
invasive	O
and	O
challenging	O
,	O
technical	O
improvement	O
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
broader	O
and	O
more	O
frequent	O
application	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
),	O
to	O
prevent	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
to	O
reduce	O
invasiveness	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
MV	O
).	O

The	O
following	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
:	O
demographics	O
,	O
hemodynamic	O
data	O
,	O
coagulation	B-PROC
samples	O
,	O
transfusion	O
requirements	O
,	O
change	O
of	O
ECMO	O
-	O
circuit	O
during	O
treatment	O
and	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
hemorrhage	B-DISO
and	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
.	O

Hepatic	B-ANAT
enzymes	O
,	O
antioxidant	B-CHED
defenses	O
and	O
lipids	B-CHED
content	O
and	O
composition	O
were	O
also	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Immunosuppressive	O
treatment	O
consisted	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
and	O
cyclophosphamide	B-CHED
in	O
one	O
case	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
atelectatic	O
solid	O
-	O
like	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
impairs	O
transmission	O
of	O
negative	O
swings	O
in	O
pleural	O
pressure	O
(	O
Ppl	B-FUNC
)	O
that	O
result	O
from	O
diaphragmatic	B-ANAT
contraction	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
more	O
negative	O
Ppl	B-FUNC
proportionally	O
increases	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
stretch	O
by	O
drawing	O
gas	B-ENZY
either	O
from	O
other	O
lung	B-ANAT
regions	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
nondependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
[	O
pendelluft	O
])	O
or	O
from	O
the	O
ventilator	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
circulating	O
fibrocytes	B-ANAT
on	O
injury	O
repair	B-PROC
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

This	O
might	O
be	O
unfavorable	O
as	O
a	O
clinical	O
marker	O
for	O
progression	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Additional	O
nonventilated	O
animals	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
7	O
)	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
control	O
for	O
postmortem	O
analysis	O
.	O

During	O
PSV	O
,	O
PEEP	B-CHED
of	O
5	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
a	O
PEEP	B-CHED
of	O
2	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
reduced	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
inflammatory	O
markers	O
while	O
maintaining	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
integrity	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
During	O
PSV	O
,	O
PEEP	B-CHED
of	O
5	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
a	O
PEEP	B-CHED
of	O
2	O
cmH2O	O
,	O
reduced	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
inflammatory	O
markers	O
while	O
maintaining	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
integrity	O
.	O

Male	O
C56BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
administered	O
UTI	B-DISO
intravenously	O
1	O
h	O
before	O
and	O
6	O
h	O
after	O
exposure	O
to	O
LPS	B-DISO
by	O
intratracheal	O
instillation	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
NETs	O
contributes	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
is	O
correlated	O
with	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
661	O
classic	O
patients	O
with	O
available	O
electromyographic	O
data	O
were	O
grouped	O
as	O
having	O
acute	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
demyelinating	I-DISO
polyneuropathy	I-DISO
(	O
AIDP	B-DISO
,	O
49	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
acute	O
motor	O
axonal	B-DISO
neuropathy	I-DISO
(	O
AMAN	O
,	O
18	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
inexcitable	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
and	O
equivocal	O
(	O
31	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

Recent	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
alters	O
gap	B-COMP
junction	I-COMP
protein	B-CHED
connexin	B-PRGE
43	I-PRGE
(	O
Cx43	B-PRGE
)-	O
mediated	O
intercellular	B-PROC
communication	I-PROC
in	O
brain	B-ANAT
and	O
primary	O
cultured	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

Reduced	O
trafficking	B-PROC
of	O
Cx43	O
to	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
in	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
is	O
associated	O
with	O
loss	O
functional	O
GJIC	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
focus	O
was	O
on	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
AdV	O
(	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
),	O
BoV	O
(	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
),	O
CoV	O
(	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
),	O
CMV	B-SPEC
(	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
),	O
EnV	B-PRGE
(	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
),	O
HSV	B-SPEC
(	O
herpes	B-SPEC
simplex	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
),	O
IfV	B-SPEC
(	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
),	O
MpV	B-SPEC
(	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
),	O
PiV	O
(	O
parainfluenzavirus	O
),	O
RV	O
(	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
RSV	B-SPEC
(	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
)	O
during	O
asthma	B-PATH
exacerbations	O
.	O

RV	O
was	O
the	O
major	O
virus	B-SPEC
detected	O
globally	O
,	O
except	O
in	O
Africa	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
adverse	O
events	O
were	O
headache	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
[	O
21	O
%]	O
in	O
participants	O
who	O
received	O
SAB	O
-	O
301	O
and	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
[	O
20	O
%]	O
in	O
those	O
receiving	O
placebo	O
),	O
albuminuria	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
5	O
[	O
18	O
%]	O
vs	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
[	O
20	O
%]),	O
myalgia	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
[	O
11	O
%]	O
vs	O
n	O
=	O
1	O
[	O
10	O
%]),	O
increased	O
creatine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
[	O
11	O
%]	O
vs	O
1	O
[	O
10	O
%]),	O
and	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
[	O
11	O
%]	O
vs	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
[	O
20	O
%]).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
recombinase	O
polymerase	O
amplification	B-DISO
assay	O
for	O
rapid	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
),	O
which	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
is	O
an	O
acute	O
,	O
highly	O
contagious	O
enteric	O
disease	O
characterized	O
by	O
severe	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
dehydration	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

A	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
recombinase	B-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
amplification	B-DISO
assay	O
(	O
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RPA	I-PRGE
)	O
was	O
developed	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
gene	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Using	O
the	O
in	O
vitro	O
transcribed	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
as	O
template	O
,	O
the	O
analytical	O
sensitivity	O
was	O
23	O
copies	O
per	O
reaction	O
.	O

Neither	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
against	O
viruses	B-SPEC
nor	O
lymphoid	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
weight	O
were	O
affected	O
by	O
RP	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
VE	O
(	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
treatments	O
.	O

Since	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
new	O
coronaviruses	O
and	O
paramyxoviruses	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Nipah	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
),	O
numerous	O
studies	O
clearly	O
established	O
that	O
bats	B-SPEC
can	O
maintain	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
inter	O
-	O
hospital	O
transport	B-PROC
(	O
IHT	O
)	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

63	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
transferred	O
patients	O
were	O
male	O
,	O
median	O
age	O
was	O
54	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
26	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
were	O
obese	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
all	O
studied	O
IBVs	O
were	O
distinctly	O
separate	O
from	O
Massachusetts	O
(	O
70	O
%-	O
72	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
similarity	O
)	O
and	O
European	O
strains	O
including	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
,	O
Italy	O
-	O
02	O
,	O
and	O
D274	O
(	O
68	O
%-	O
73	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
similarity	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
Almitrine	B-CHED
Infusion	O
During	O
Veno	O
-	O
Venous	B-ANAT
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Distress	O
Syndrome	O
in	O
Adults	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
sought	O
to	O
leverage	O
this	O
uneven	O
viral	O
antagonism	O
to	O
identify	O
critical	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
that	O
govern	O
disease	O
outcome	O
.	O

Utilizing	O
a	O
systems	O
-	O
based	O
approach	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
differential	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
genes	O
following	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
robust	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
including	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
[	O
A	O
/	O
influenza	B-DISO
/	O
Vietnam	O
/	O
1203	O
/	O
2004	O
(	O
H5N1	B-DISO
-	O
VN1203	O
)	O
and	O
A	O
/	O
influenza	B-DISO
/	O
California	B-SPEC
/	O
04	O
/	O
2009	O
(	O
H1N1	O
-	O
CA04	O
)]	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
[	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
kidney	O
injury	O
(	O
AKI	O
)	O
after	O
multiple	O
Hymenoptera	B-SPEC
stings	O
is	O
well	O
known	O
but	O
still	O
a	O
rare	O
phenomenon	O
.	O

The	O
predominant	O
lesion	O
was	O
acute	B-DISO
tubular	I-DISO
necrosis	I-DISO
(	O
ATN	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
pigmented	O
granular	B-ANAT
cast	B-ANAT
in	O
10	O
(	O
77	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

In	O
four	O
(	O
30	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
showed	O
severe	O
ATN	B-DISO
and	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
six	O
(	O
46	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
showed	O
features	O
of	O
ATN	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
mild	O
to	O
moderate	O
acute	B-DISO
interstitial	I-DISO
nephritis	I-DISO
(	O
AIN	O
).	O

In	O
three	O
(	O
23	O
%)	O
patients	O
the	O
histopathological	O
examination	O
revealed	O
only	O
moderate	O
AIN	O
and	O
these	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
a	O
short	O
course	O
of	O
steroids	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
all	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
hematological	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
single	O
tertiary	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
between	O
2008	O
and	O
2015	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
focuses	O
on	O
a	O
new	O
mechanism	O
of	O
SPC	O
as	O
an	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
molecule	O
using	O
SPC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
TK	I-PRGE
/	O
SPC	B-PRGE
-	O
KO	O
(	O
surfactant	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
thymidine	B-ENZY
kinase	I-ENZY
/	O
surfactant	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
C	I-PRGE
knockout	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
represent	O
a	O
novel	O
sterile	B-DISO
injury	O
model	O
that	O
mimics	O
clinical	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

We	O
compared	O
GCV	O
-	O
induced	O
injury	O
and	O
repair	B-PROC
in	O
SPC	O
-	O
TK	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
normal	O
endogenous	O
SPC	O
expression	B-PROC
with	O
SPC	B-PRGE
-	O
TK	O
/	O
SPC	B-PRGE
-	O
KO	O
mice	B-SPEC
lacking	O
SPC	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
showing	O
a	O
novel	O
role	O
for	O
SPC	B-PRGE
in	O
regulating	O
inflammation	B-DISO
via	O
JAK	B-PROC
/	O
STAT	B-PRGE
may	O
have	O
clinical	O
applications	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
limited	O
data	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
balance	B-PROC
the	O
costs	O
and	O
performance	O
of	O
this	O
important	O
public	O
health	O
activity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Species	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
among	O
otherwise	O
healthy	O
adolescents	O
and	O
adults	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
no	O
significant	O
influence	O
of	O
the	O
baseline	O
sepsis	B-DISO
status	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
28	O
),	O
baseline	O
ARDS	O
status	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
94	O
),	O
and	O
baseline	O
severity	O
scores	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
77	O
and	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
46	O
for	O
SAPS	O
3	O
and	O
SOFA	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
comparison	O
of	O
60	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
according	O
to	O
RRT	O
initiation	O
strategy	O
.	O

Time	O
to	O
successful	O
extubation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
not	O
affected	O
by	O
RRT	O
strategy	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
43	O
).	O

Compared	O
with	O
mice	B-SPEC
receiving	O
vehicle	O
control	O
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
GBT1118	O
had	O
significantly	O
lower	O
mortality	O
after	O
LPS	O
+	O
5	O
%	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
(	O
47	O
%	O
with	O
vehicle	O
vs	O
.	O
22	O
%	O
with	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
GBT1118	O
,	O
13	O
%	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
dose	O
GBT1118	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
032	O
by	O
log	O
rank	O
)	O
and	O
had	O
reduced	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
treated	O
with	O
GBT1118	O
showed	O
a	O
sustained	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
SpO	O

A	O
retrospective	O
chart	O
review	O
(	O
2010	O
-	O
2016	O
)	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
underwent	O
VV	O
ECMO	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
conducted	O
with	O
university	O
institutional	O
review	O
board	O
(	O
IRB	O
)	O
approval	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
54	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
supported	O
by	O
VV	O
ECMO	O
(	O
mean	O
ECMO	O
days	O
12	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
with	O
16	O
(	O
30	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
AKI	O
group	O
and	O
38	O
(	O
70	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
AKI	O
group	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
identified	O
54	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
supported	O
by	O
VV	O
ECMO	O
(	O
mean	O
ECMO	O
days	O
12	O
±	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
with	O
16	O
(	O
30	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
AKI	O
group	O
and	O
38	O
(	O
70	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
AKI	B-PRGE
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Multiple	O
Organ	B-ANAT
Dysfunction	O
:	O
The	O
Defining	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
of	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
recently	O
discovered	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
belongs	O
to	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Coronaviridae	I-SPEC
and	O
genus	B-SPEC
Deltacoronavirus	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
present	O
investigation	O
,	O
189	O
diarrhoeic	O
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
between	O
July	O
2016	O
and	O
May	O
2017	O
from	O
Tibetan	O
pigs	B-SPEC
inhabiting	O
in	O
three	O
different	O
provinces	O
surrounding	O
the	O
Qinghai	O
-	O
Tibet	O
Plateau	O
of	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
from	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
in	O
Hebei	O
province	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Combined	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
endogenous	O
galectin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
enhances	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
H5N1	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
by	O
promoting	O
host	B-COMP
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
and	O
regulating	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
production	O
by	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
via	O
interaction	O
with	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
respiratory	O
pathogen	O
of	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
causing	O
severe	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
poultry	O
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

These	O
assumptions	O
include	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
on	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
surface	O
pressure	O
,	O
its	O
topographical	O
distribution	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
uniform	O
tissue	B-ANAT
properties	O
on	O
local	O
parenchymal	O
stresses	O
.	O

Noninvasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
some	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
is	O
mainly	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
fecal	B-ANAT
-	O
oral	B-ANAT
route	O
.	O

The	O
leading	O
cause	O
was	O
daptomycin	B-CHED
.	O

Eosinophilia	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
diagnosis	O
characterized	O
only	O
the	O
CEP	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
80	O
%	O
in	O
CEP	B-DISO
vs	O
.	O
20	O
%	O
in	O
AEP	O
).	O

Most	O
patients	O
with	O
EP	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
steroids	B-CHED
with	O
a	O
higher	O
rate	O
of	O
relapse	B-DISO
observed	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
CEP	B-DISO
.	O

When	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
isolation	O
,	O
CoV	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
interfere	O
with	O
innate	O
antiviral	B-CHED
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

Binding	B-FUNC
of	O
4b	O
to	O
KPNA4	O
during	O
infection	B-DISO
inhibited	O
its	O
interaction	O
with	O
NF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
κB	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
p65	I-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
findings	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
also	O
suggests	O
methods	O
to	O
systematically	O
train	O
experts	O
in	O
communicable	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
management	O
and	O
a	O
sustainable	O
system	O
to	O
establish	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
and	O
develop	O
strategies	O
for	O
a	O
systematic	O
and	O
phased	O
management	O
of	O
field	O
epidemiologist	O
training	O
programs	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
findings	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
also	O
suggests	O
methods	O
to	O
systematically	O
train	O
experts	O
in	O
communicable	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
management	O
and	O
a	O
sustainable	O
system	O
to	O
establish	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
and	O
develop	O
strategies	O
for	O
a	O
systematic	O
and	O
phased	O
management	O
of	O
field	O
epidemiologist	O
training	O
programs	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
seven	O
cases	O
,	O
CNVs	O
in	O
various	O
causative	O
genes	O
of	O
inherited	O
kidney	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
were	O
detected	O
by	O
pair	O
analysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
What	O
Can	O
We	O
Apply	O
to	O
Manage	O
Acute	O
Exacerbation	O
of	O
Chronic	B-DISO
Obstructive	I-DISO
Pulmonary	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
with	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Failure	O
?	O

To	O
compare	O
the	O
mortality	O
and	O
functional	O
status	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
supported	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
ECMO	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
sample	O
was	O
selected	O
from	O
children	O
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
cluster	O
-	O
randomized	O
RESTORE	O
(	O
Randomized	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
Sedation	B-DISO
Titration	O
for	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
)	O
clinical	O
trial	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
microglia	B-ANAT
depletion	O
resulted	O
in	O
ineffective	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
.	O

Superinfection	B-DISO
with	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
GAS	B-PRGE
induced	O
invasive	O
GAS	B-ENZY
infections	B-DISO
was	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
our	O
team	O
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
,	O
after	O
which	O
clinical	O
cases	O
of	O
invasive	O
GAS	B-ENZY
infections	B-DISO
secondary	I-DISO
to	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
reported	O
by	O
other	O
investigators	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
USA	O
,	O
Canada	O
,	O
UK	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O

Topics	O
addressed	O
include	O
the	O
bacteriological	O
,	O
virological	O
and	O
immunological	O
mechanisms	O
impacting	O
invasion	B-DISO
upon	O
superinfection	B-DISO
on	O
top	O
of	O
underlying	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
GAS	B-ENZY
and	O
other	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
).	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
to	O
assess	O
whether	O
this	O
trend	O
mirrors	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
pressure	O
or	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
increased	O
attention	O
and	O
testing	O
and	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
estimate	O
individual	O
and	O
population	O
-	O
based	O
Hepatitis	B-SPEC
E	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HEV	B-SPEC
)	O
seroconversion	O
and	O
seroreversion	O
rates	O
for	O
Germany	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
a	O
moderate	O
but	O
statistically	O
significant	O
decline	O
of	O
overall	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HEV	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
prevalence	O
from	O
18	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
to	O
15	O
.	O
3	O
%.	O

Continuously	O
rising	O
numbers	O
of	O
Hepatitis	B-DISO
E	I-DISO
diagnoses	O
in	O
Europe	O
are	O
likely	O
due	O
to	O
an	O
increased	O
awareness	O
of	O
clinicians	O
and	O
indicate	O
that	O
still	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
gap	O
between	O
incident	O
and	O
diagnosed	O
cases	O
.	O

At	O
dpi	O
5	O
,	O
all	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
PCR	O
positive	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
inoculated	O
pigs	B-SPEC
did	O
recover	B-PROC
the	O
absorptive	O
capacity	O
that	O
was	O
reduced	O
during	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
by	O
increasing	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
stem	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
It	O
had	O
been	O
more	O
than	O
5	O
years	O
since	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
recorded	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
specific	O
treatment	O
has	O
been	O
investigated	O
in	O
randomized	O
clinical	O
trials	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
2012	O
-	O
2017	O
based	O
on	O
spike	O
gene	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
specimens	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
patients	O
and	O
tested	O
for	O
eight	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
using	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
or	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hemophagocytic	B-DISO
lymphohistiocytosis	I-DISO
complicated	O
by	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

HLH	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
rare	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
mononuclear	B-ANAT
phagocytic	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
characterized	O
by	O
systemic	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
non	O
-	O
neoplastic	O
histiocytes	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
elderly	O
people	O
:	O
Viral	O
role	O
in	O
a	O
resident	O
population	O
of	O
elderly	O
care	O
centers	O
in	O
Lisbon	O
,	O
winter	O
2013	O
-	O
2014	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
whenever	O
an	O
elderly	O
had	O
symptoms	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ARI	B-CHED
).	O

Array	O
cards	O
for	O
atypical	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
were	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
.	O

In	O
total	O
,	O
188	O
episodes	O
of	O
ARI	B-CHED
were	O
reported	O
,	O
being	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
detected	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
53	O
),	O
followed	O
by	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H3	O
)	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
19	O
)	O
and	O
HBoV	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
14	O
).	O

Two	O
pregnant	O
sows	O
were	O
administered	O
twice	O
the	O
live	O
vaccine	O
before	O
farrowing	B-PROC
.	O

All	O
newborn	O
piglets	O
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
the	O
genogroup	O
2	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
signs	O
were	O
monitored	O
for	O
7	O
days	O
post	O
challenge	O
.	O

Neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
milk	O
of	O
control	O
sow	O
was	O
negative	O
throughout	O
the	O
experimental	O
period	O
,	O
whereas	O
high	O
titers	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
vaccinated	O
sows	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
results	O
showed	O
a	O
high	O
percentage	O
of	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
(	O
56	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
had	O
evidence	O
for	O
nasal	B-ANAT
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dual	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
and	O
integrase	B-PROC
inhibitors	B-CHED
from	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
our	O
search	O
for	O
potential	O
templates	O
of	O
HIV	O
-	O
1	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
(	O
RT	O
)	O
and	O
integrase	B-PRGE
(	O
IN	O
)	O
dual	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
methanolic	O
extract	O
obtained	O
from	O
aerial	O
parts	O
of	O

Patients	O
with	O
BAIT	O
generally	O
present	O
with	O
acute	O
ocular	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
photophobia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
red	B-DISO
eyes	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chronic	B-DISO
Pancreatitis	I-DISO
Associated	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Simvastatin	B-CHED
to	O
reduce	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
the	O
HARP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
RCT	I-PRGE
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
devastating	O
clinical	O
syndrome	B-DISO
characterised	O
by	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
need	O
to	O
confirm	O
if	O
ARDS	B-DISO
endotypes	O
that	O
are	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
benefit	O
from	O
targeted	B-PROC
treatment	O
with	O
simvastatin	B-CHED
exist	O
.	O

The	O
potential	O
role	O
of	O
simvastatin	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
at	O
a	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
has	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Several	O
familiar	O
biothreat	O
diseases	O
such	O
as	O
anthrax	B-DISO
and	O
tularemia	B-DISO
were	O
judged	O
,	O
by	O
our	O
experts	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
less	O
threatening	O
than	O
many	O
others	O
owing	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
factors	O
including	O
ease	O
of	O
detection	O
,	O
lack	O
of	O
communicability	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ready	O
availability	O
of	O
countermeasures	O
.	O

Conversely	O
,	O
several	O
toxins	B-CHED
were	O
judged	O
by	O
experts	O
to	O
have	O
very	O
high	O
potential	O
as	O
threat	O
agents	O
owing	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
to	O
their	O
reliability	O
,	O
virulence	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
available	O
countermeasures	O
.	O

The	O
described	O
strategy	O
and	O
methodology	O
to	O
convert	O
the	O
HIV	B-DISO
diagnostic	O
assay	O
and	O
platform	O
to	O
a	O
ZIKV	O
RNA	O
detection	O
assay	O
provides	O
a	O
model	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
readily	O
utilized	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
next	O
emerging	O
or	O
re	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
emerging	I-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

One	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
Haemophilus	B-SPEC
influenzae	I-SPEC
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
As	O
for	O
MERS	O
Co	O
-	O
V	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
underlying	O
comorbidities	O
impacted	B-DISO
the	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
of	O
OC43	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
case	O
herd	O
was	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
swine	B-SPEC
herd	O
with	O
a	O
confirmed	O
positive	O
laboratory	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
results	O
for	O
PED	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
along	O
with	O
pigs	B-SPEC
exhibiting	O
typical	O
clinical	O
signs	O
at	O
the	O
herd	O
level	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

The	O
questionnaire	O
for	O
control	O
herds	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
matched	O
case	O
'	B-PROC
s	I-PROC
period	I-PROC
of	O
interest	O
,	O
and	O
together	O
with	O
case	O
herds	O
formed	O
a	O
matched	O
stratum	O
.	O

Multivariable	O
exact	O
conditional	O
logistic	O
regression	O
and	O
mixed	O
multivariable	O
logistic	O
regression	O
models	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
matched	O
stratum	O
as	O
a	O
random	O
effect	O
,	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
various	O
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
the	O
odds	O
of	O
PED	B-PRGE
introduction	O
into	O
a	O
herd	O
.	O

For	O
diagnostic	O
investigations	O
in	O
the	O
affected	O
farms	O
,	O
real	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
detect	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
in	O
individually	O
taken	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
commercial	O
ELISA	O
kits	O
,	O
both	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
IgG	B-PRGE
in	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
experiencing	O
acute	O
signs	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

PEDV	O
RNA	O
could	O
be	O
detected	O
in	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
up	O
to	O
14	O
days	O
after	O
initial	O
sampling	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
a	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
pediatric	O
disease	O
.	O

In	O
cultured	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
mainly	O
epithelial	O
),	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
AvBD4	O
,	O
10	O
-	O
13	O
and	O
IFNα	O
,	O
β	O
,	O
and	O
λ	O
was	O
upregulated	O
following	O
incubation	O
with	O
500	O
nM	O
PGE2	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
across	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
in	O
part	O
due	O
to	O
contaminated	O
livestock	O
trailers	O
.	O

Results	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
was	O
significantly	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
post	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Like	O
SARS	O
previously	O
and	O
Zika	O
recently	O
,	O
the	O
Ebola	O
crisis	O
in	O
2015	O
showed	O
how	O
vulnerable	O
the	O
world	O
is	O
to	O
these	O
epidemics	O
,	O
with	O
over	O
11	O
,	O
000	O
people	O
dying	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
worldwide	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhoea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
strains	O
in	O
Eastern	O
China	O
in	O
2016	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
ACUTE	O
RESPIRATORY	B-DISO
DISEASES	I-DISO
IN	O
BRAZILIAN	O
CHILDREN	O
:	O
ARE	O
CAREGIVERS	O
ABLE	O
TO	O
DETECT	O
EARLY	O
WARNING	O
SIGNS	O
?	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
assess	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
caregiver	O
knowledge	O
about	O
respiratory	O
signs	O
and	O
symptoms	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
ARI	B-CHED
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
early	O
warning	O
signs	O
and	O
need	O
for	O
medical	O
assistance	O
in	O
children	O
referred	O
to	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
service	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
cited	O
signs	O
of	O
severity	O
recognized	O
by	O
caregivers	O
were	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
99	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
(	O
91	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
wheezing	B-DISO
(	O
86	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
adynamia	B-DISO
(	O
80	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
coughing	B-DISO
(	O
79	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
and	O
tachypnea	B-DISO
(	O
78	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

The	O
aims	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
following	O
hypotheses	O
:	O
stigma	O
and	O
hardiness	O
exert	B-PROC
both	O
direct	O
effects	O
on	O
mental	O
health	O
and	O
also	O
indirect	O
(	O
mediated	O
)	O
effects	O
on	O
mental	O
health	O
through	O
stress	O
in	O
nurses	O
working	O
at	O
a	O
government	O
-	O
designated	O
hospital	O
during	O
a	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
epidemic	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
229E	O
-	O
HR1P	O
and	O
229E	O
-	O
HR2P	O
could	O
interact	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
stable	O
six	O
-	O
helix	O
bundle	O
and	O
inhibit	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
mediated	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
with	O
IC	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Overall	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
composite	O
endpoint	O
because	O
it	O
includes	O
death	B-PROC
from	O
multiple	O
causes	O
.	O

We	O
studied	O
778	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
.	O

When	O
quantifying	O
the	O
true	O
burden	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
outcome	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
506	O
patients	O
(	O
65	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
with	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
exclusion	O
criteria	O
for	O
enrollment	O
into	O
current	O
interventional	O
trials	O
.	O

A	O
periodical	O
worsening	O
of	O
clinical	O
conditions	O
is	O
common	O
in	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
survivors	O
,	O
obstructive	B-DISO
sleep	I-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
more	O
than	O
50	O
years	O
of	O
research	O
numerous	O
issues	O
regarding	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
pathophysiology	O
and	O
diagnosis	O
remain	O
unclear	O
until	O
today	O
:	O
Due	O
to	O
rather	O
unspecific	O
clinical	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
varies	O
considerably	O
in	O
clinical	O
trials	O
with	O
a	O
range	O
from	O
4	O
to	O
79	O
cases	O
per	O
100	O
000	O
persons	O
per	O
year	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
restimulation	O
with	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
a	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
splenocyte	B-ANAT
proliferation	B-DISO
response	O
and	O
Th2	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
cytokine	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
level	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
group	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
orally	B-ANAT
immunized	O
with	O
pPG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Col	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DCpep	I-PRGE
/	O
L393	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
groups	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
received	O
pPG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Col	I-PRGE
/	O
L393	O
and	O
pPG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
COE	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
DCpep	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
L393	I-PRGE
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
re	O
-	O
emergent	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
inflicts	O
huge	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Insights	O
into	O
the	O
homo	B-SPEC
-	O
oligomerization	O
properties	O
of	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
coiled	O
-	O
coil	O
domain	O
of	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
VP35	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Our	O
model	O
advances	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
how	O
VP35	O
may	O
associate	O
in	O
different	O
homo	B-SPEC
-	O
oligomeric	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
crucial	O
process	O
for	O
EBOV	O
replication	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
TaqMan	O
-	O
based	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
diarrhea	O
disease	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
disease	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Specific	O
primers	O
and	O
probe	O
were	O
designed	O
and	O
synthesized	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
conserved	O
region	O
within	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
.	O

Prior	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
seasonal	O
patterns	O
of	O
HCoV	O
species	B-SPEC
and	O
annual	O
variation	O
in	O
species	B-SPEC
prevalence	O
but	O
national	O
circulation	B-PROC
patterns	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
described	O
.	O

Different	O
HCoV	O
species	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
detected	O
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
different	O
age	O
groups	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

While	O
the	O
clinical	O
signs	O
are	O
fairly	O
non	O
-	O
specific	O
,	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
and	O
neutropenia	O
are	O
often	O
seen	O
.	O

The	O
term	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
(	O
PVD	B-DISO
)	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
specific	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
vascular	B-ANAT
compartment	B-ANAT
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
is	O
expressed	B-PROC
clinically	O
by	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
arterial	B-ANAT
(	O
PA	O
)	O
pressure	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
vascular	B-ANAT
resistance	I-PROC
both	O
affecting	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
(	O
RV	O
)	O
afterload	O
.	O

He	O
presented	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
86	O
days	O
post	O
BMT	B-ENZY
and	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
graft	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
versus	I-PATH
-	I-PATH
host	B-COMP
disease	I-PATH
(	O
GVHD	B-DISO
)	O
based	O
on	O
skin	B-ANAT
and	O
rectal	O
biopsies	O
.	O

Sural	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
biopsy	O
revealed	O
active	O
demyelination	B-DISO
and	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE

By	O
day	O
28	O
,	O
fewer	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
before	O
achieving	O
extubation	O
(	O
15	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
vs	O
25	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
and	O
risk	O
ratio	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
34	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
13	O
),	O
more	O
achieved	O
successful	O
extubation	O
(	O
71	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
vs	O
49	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
and	O
risk	O
ratio	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
45	O
;	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
14	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
85	O
),	O
time	O
to	O
successful	O
extubation	O
was	O
shorter	O
(	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
05	O
;	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
42	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
96	O
),	O
and	O
more	O
were	O
discharged	O
alive	O
from	O
the	O
ICU	O
(	O
65	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
vs	O
48	O
.	O
3	O
%;	O
risk	O
ratio	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
35	O
;	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
04	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
75	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
common	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
severe	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
preexisting	O
cardiac	B-DISO
anomalies	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
direct	O
involvement	O
of	O
myocardial	O
damage	O
is	O
not	O
common	O
in	O
those	O
patients	O
.	O

Prespecified	O
secondary	O
analyses	O
included	O
a	O
comparison	O
of	O
agreement	O
between	O
the	O
groups	O
and	O
subgroup	O
analyses	O
by	O
profession	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
years	O
of	O
experience	O
,	O
and	O
stated	O
familiarity	O
with	O
diagnostic	O
criteria	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
main	O
treatment	O
is	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
at	O
high	O
concentrations	O
and	O
methylene	B-CHED
blue	I-CHED
as	O
an	O
intravenous	O
antidote	B-CHED
only	O
in	O
selected	O
cases	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
analyzed	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
children	O
who	O
presented	O
to	O
Seattle	O
Children	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
and	O
in	O
whom	O
HCoV	O
was	O
detected	O
by	O
a	O
multiplex	O
respiratory	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assay	O
of	O
a	O
nasal	B-ANAT
sample	O
between	O
October	O
2012	O
and	O
March	O
2016	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
logistic	O
regression	O
modeling	O
to	O
evaluate	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
LRTD	O
and	O
LRTD	O
that	O
necessitated	O
oxygen	B-CHED
use	O
(	O
severe	O
LRTD	O
),	O
including	O
an	O
immunocompromised	O
state	O
,	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
HCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
gaining	O
use	O
to	O
bridge	O
the	O
recovery	O
from	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
refractory	O
to	O
conventional	O
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
had	O
immediate	O
improvements	O
in	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
continued	O
for	O
10	O
d	O
.	O
Moreover	O
,	O
he	O
underwent	O
three	O
transportations	O
to	O
the	O
operating	O
room	O
without	O
accidental	O
decannulation	O
or	O
disruption	O
of	O
the	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
device	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
prognostic	O
and	O
pathogenic	O
impact	O
of	O
angiopoietins	O
in	O
regulating	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
barrier	O
function	O
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
a	O
central	O
role	O
of	O
angiopoietin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
/-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
in	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
-	O
evoked	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
permeability	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Aetiology	O
of	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
in	O
primary	O
care	O
:	O
a	O
prospective	O
study	O
in	O
11	O
European	O
countries	O
.	O

Less	O
than	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
S	O
.	O
pneumoniae	O
were	O
highly	O
resistant	O
to	O
penicillin	B-CHED
and	O
12	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
H	O
.	O
influenzae	O
were	O
β	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
lactamase	I-PRGE
positive	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
sitting	O
posture	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
positional	O
worsening	O
of	O
dyspnoea	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
gradient	O
and	O
shunt	O
fraction	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
a	O
need	O
to	O
develop	O
additional	O
bat	B-ENZY
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
that	O
correspond	O
to	O
different	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
,	O
including	O
less	O
represented	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
such	O
as	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
culture	O
them	O
under	O
more	O
physiologically	O
relevant	O
conditions	O
to	O
study	O
virus	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
and	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
.	O

Future	O
directions	O
to	O
address	O
some	O
of	O
these	O
challenges	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
host	B-COMP
-	O
pathogen	O
interactions	O
in	O
these	O
intriguing	O
mammals	B-SPEC
are	O
also	O
discussed	O
,	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
viruses	B-SPEC
but	O
also	O
other	O
pathogens	O
carried	O
by	O
bats	B-SPEC
including	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
and	O
fungi	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
collected	O
demographic	O
data	O
and	O
physiologic	O
data	O
for	O
CPP	O
,	O
intracranial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
cumulative	O
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
and	O
delta	O
/	O
driving	O
pressure	O
(	O
ΔP	O
).	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
mean	O
CPP	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
7	O
days	O
of	O
admission	O
between	O
patients	O
who	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
74	O
mmHg	O
SD	O
18	O
vs	O
.	O
73	O
mmHg	O
SD	O
18	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
86	O
)	O
versus	O
those	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
had	O
higher	O
ΔP	O
and	O
lower	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
ORF2	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
,	O
samples	O
described	O
herein	O
grouped	O
into	O
the	O
putative	O
genotype	O
'	O
a	O
'	O
closed	O
related	O
with	O
Chinese	O
samples	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dexmedetomidine	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
hyperventilation	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
triggered	O
by	O
the	O
distress	O
related	O
with	O
a	O
urinary	O
catheter	O
after	O
general	O
anesthesia	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

A	O
23	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
patient	O
with	O
recurrent	O
tongue	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
was	O
scheduled	O
to	O
undergo	O
partial	O
glossectomy	O
and	O
neck	B-ANAT
dissection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
fusion	O
core	O
.	O

This	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
composed	O
of	O
an	O
N	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
(	O
S1	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
trans	O
-	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
domain	O
(	O
S2	O
).	O

CoV	O
infection	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
both	O
juveniles	O
and	O
adult	O
bats	B-SPEC
between	O
May	O
and	O
October	O
(	O
January	O
,	O
in	O
adults	O
only	O
and	O
April	O
,	O
in	O
juveniles	O
only	O
).	O

The	O
average	O
BCI	O
of	O
CoV	O
infected	O
bats	B-SPEC
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
uninfected	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
conserved	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
gene	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
detected	O
CoVs	O
belonged	O
to	O
group	O
D	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
64	O
)	O
and	O
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
).	O

Whether	O
viral	O
reactivation	O
during	O
parturition	B-PROC
period	O
or	O
stress	O
is	O
responsible	O
in	O
maintaining	O
transmission	O
in	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
colony	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
explored	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
Advances	O
in	O
Diagnosis	O
and	O
Treatment	O
.	O

Globally	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
accounts	O
for	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
admissions	O
,	O
representing	O
more	O
than	O
3	O
million	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
annually	O
.	O

The	O
cornerstone	O
of	O
management	O
remains	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
goal	O
to	O
minimize	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
VILI	O
).	O

Pharmacologic	O
therapies	O
such	O
as	O
β2	O
agonists	B-CHED
,	O
statins	O
,	O
and	O
keratinocyte	B-PRGE
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
targeted	B-PROC
pathophysiologic	O
alterations	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
were	O
not	O
beneficial	O
and	O
demonstrated	O
possible	O
harm	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
no	O
clinical	O
differences	O
between	O
patients	O
with	O
short	O
and	O
medium	O
duration	O
AKI	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
accounting	O
for	O
AKI	B-PRGE
severity	O
and	O
recurrent	O
AKI	O
.	O

No	O
baseline	O
clinical	O
factors	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
predict	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
recurrent	O
AKI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
E	O
channel	O
in	O
LMPG	O
micelles	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
structural	O
model	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
construct	I-PRGE
in	O
LMPG	O
micelles	O
with	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
unequivocal	O
intermolecular	O
NOEs	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
altered	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
genes	O
in	O
these	O
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
previously	O
implicated	O
in	O
viral	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
occurs	O
specifically	O
in	O
the	O
M1	O
subtype	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
ADAM17	B-PRGE
suppressed	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
HEK293	O
and	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
whereas	O
ablation	O
of	O
ADAM17	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
using	O
ADAM17	B-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
siRNA	I-PRGE
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
corresponding	O
increase	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
and	O
an	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
APN	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
report	O
in	O
detail	O
two	O
cases	O
of	O
fulminant	O
idiopathic	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
requiring	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
previously	O
healthy	O
young	O
adults	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
one	O
of	O
whom	O
required	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

Evidence	O
suggests	O
that	O
peribronchiolar	O
basaloid	O
pods	O
and	O
bronchiolarization	O
are	O
related	O
spatially	O
and	O
temporally	O
and	O
likely	O
represent	O
overlapping	O
sequential	O
stages	O
of	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
severe	O
distal	O
airway	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Clinical	O
challenges	O
:	O
Obtaining	O
a	O
definitive	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
based	O
on	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
approaches	O
is	O
difficult	O
.	O

Evidence	O
base	O
:	O
This	O
review	O
provides	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
overview	O
of	O
how	O
to	O
approach	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
tests	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
veterinary	O
practitioner	O
and	O
recently	O
published	O
evidence	O
supporting	O
their	O
use	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
BRD	O
)	O
remains	O
among	O
the	O
leading	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
cattle	B-SPEC
internationally	O
.	O

Intrinsic	O
,	O
management	O
and	O
clinical	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
during	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
weaning	B-PROC
(	O
d	O
-	O
56	O
to	O
d	O
-	O
14	O
)	O
period	O
.	O

Linear	O
regression	O
models	O
(	O
for	O
BVDV	B-SPEC
,	O
BPI3V	O
,	O
BHV	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
BHV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
4	I-SPEC
,	O
BCoV	O
and	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
somni	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
a	O
single	O
mixed	O
effect	O
random	O
variable	O
model	O
(	O
for	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
changes	O
in	O
antibody	B-COMP
levels	O
to	O
these	O
pathogens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
related	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
diverse	O
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
members	O
found	O
in	O
western	O
old	O
-	O
world	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
triggered	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
a	O
high	O
diversity	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
diversity	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
dynamic	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
coronaviruses	O
in	O
this	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Immunosuppressed	O
macaques	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
sampled	O
daily	O
for	O
6	O
days	O
to	O
assess	O
their	O
immune	O
statues	O
and	O
to	O
measure	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
and	O
replication	O
.	O

Despite	O
increased	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
pathology	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
immunosuppressed	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alpha	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
Beta	I-PRGE
Interferon	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
)	O
Signaling	B-PROC
in	O
Astrocytes	B-ANAT
Mediates	O
Protection	O
against	O
Viral	O
Encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
and	O
Regulates	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
-	O
Dependent	O
Responses	O
.	O

Analysis	O
of	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
associated	O
with	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
function	O
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
pattern	O
recognition	O
receptors	O
(	O
PRRs	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
stimulated	O
genes	O
(	O
ISGs	O
),	O
revealed	O
lower	O
basal	O
mRNA	B-CHED
levels	O
in	O
brain	B-ANAT
-	O
derived	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
than	O
in	O
microglia	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
method	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
rapidly	O
identify	O
the	O
Mass	O
genotype	O
among	O
IBV	B-SPEC
field	O
isolates	O
,	O
vaccine	O
attenuated	O
strains	O
and	O
reference	O
M41	O
strain	O
in	O
allantoic	O
liquid	O
and	O
also	O
directly	O
in	O
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
(	O
PED	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
newborn	O
piglets	O
.	O

This	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
widely	O
distributed	O
among	O
laboratories	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
passaged	O
both	O
within	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

To	O
determine	O
the	O
variability	O
between	O
different	O
stocks	O
of	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
CV777	O
,	O
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genome	O
(	O
ca	O
.	O

When	O
a	O
targeted	B-PROC
pathogen	O
meets	O
the	O
corresponding	O
particular	O
template	O
,	O
the	O
DNAs	O
are	O
rapidly	O
amplified	O
into	O
a	O
specific	O
dumbbell	O
shape	O
through	O
the	O
RCA	O
process	O
,	O
forming	O
a	O
DNA	O
hydrogel	O
and	O
blocking	B-DISO
the	O
flow	O
path	O
formed	O
between	O
the	O
beads	O
.	O

The	O
60	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
died	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
after	O
admission	O
to	O
a	O
hospital	O
in	O
Jeddah	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Accordingly	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
dual	O
signal	O
firefly	B-SPEC
and	O
Renilla	B-SPEC
luciferase	B-ENZY
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
drug	O
screening	O
assay	O
able	O
to	O
quantify	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
induction	O
of	O
Interferon	B-PRGE
Stimulated	I-PRGE
Genes	I-PRGE
(	O
ISGs	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
inhibition	B-PROC
by	O
VP24	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Attenuation	O
,	O
safety	O
,	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
a	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
serotype	O
vaccine	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
evaluated	O
the	O
protective	O
efficacy	O
of	O
different	O
doses	O
of	O
SZ130	O
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
IBV	B-SPEC
field	O
strain	O
SD	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
attenuated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
SZ130	O
is	O
highly	O
safe	O
in	O
chicks	O
and	O
may	O
serve	O
as	O
an	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
against	O
the	O
threat	O
posed	O
by	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Engineering	O
a	O
stable	O
CHO	B-FUNC
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
for	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
vaccine	I-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
.	O

To	O
address	O
this	O
need	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
developing	O
a	O
subunit	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
vaccine	O
comprising	O
residues	O
377	O
-	O
588	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
domain	I-PRGE
(	O
RBD	O
),	O
which	O
,	O
when	O
formulated	O
with	O
the	O
AddaVax	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
,	O
it	O
induces	O
a	O
significant	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
protection	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
challenge	O
in	O
vaccinated	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Using	O
a	O
gradually	O
increasing	O
methotrexate	B-CHED
(	O
MTX	B-CHED
)	O
concentration	O
to	O
5	O
μM	O
,	O
we	O
increased	O
protein	B-CHED
yield	O
by	O
a	O
factor	O
of	O
40	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
summarize	O
selected	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analyses	O
and	O
trials	O
related	O
to	O
critical	O
care	O
pharmacotherapy	O
published	O
in	O
2017	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
are	O
a	O
unique	O
group	O
of	O
mammals	O
well	O
suited	O
to	O
be	O
hosts	B-COMP
for	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
set	O
of	O
primers	O
and	O
probes	O
,	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
305F	O
/	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
305R	O
and	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
-	O
305P	O
(	O
for	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
)/	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2a	O
-	O
305P	O
(	O
for	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2a	O
,	O
2b	O
and	O
2c	O
),	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
differentiate	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
and	O
its	O
variants	O
(	O
CPV	B-SPEC
-	O
2a	O
,	O
2b	O
and	O
2c	O
).	O

The	O
most	O
divergent	O
region	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
only	O
shares	O
68	O
%	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
identity	O
with	O
BatCoV	O
HKU9	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
most	O
frequent	O
intervention	O
was	O
discontinuation	O
of	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
or	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
information	O
provided	O
by	O
OLB	O
performed	O
at	O
the	O
bedside	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
of	O
unknown	O
etiology	O
could	O
be	O
relevant	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
may	O
optimize	O
treatment	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
nano	O
silicon	B-CHED
applied	O
with	O
inactivated	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
induced	O
high	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
,	O
increase	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
stimulate	O
CD3	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
proliferation	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
high	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+/	I-PRGE
CD8	B-ANAT
+	I-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
ratio	O
.	O

Nano	O
silicon	B-CHED
could	O
be	O
considered	O
for	O
use	O
as	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
carrier	O
and	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
for	O
veterinary	O
vaccines	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
adjunctive	O
effect	O
of	O
azithromycin	B-CHED
on	O
survival	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
rate	O
tended	O
to	O
be	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
azithromycin	B-CHED
cohort	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
azithromycin	B-CHED
cohort	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
was	O
not	O
statistically	O
significant	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
characterized	O
how	O
strategy	O
and	O
technology	O
could	O
be	O
mobilized	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
in	O
hospitals	O
during	O
the	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
Ebola	O
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
),	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
Asia	O
and	O
West	O
Africa	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
monkey	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
line	I-ANAT
Vero	O
(	O
ATCC	O
CCL	B-DISO
-	O
81	O
)	O
is	O
commonly	O
used	O
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
propagation	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
there	O
exists	O
an	O
additional	O
cellular	O
receptor	O
on	O
Vero	O
or	O
porcine	B-SPEC
jejunal	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
independent	O
of	O
APN	B-PRGE
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nurses	O
'	O
experiences	O
of	O
care	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
identify	O
nurses	O
'	O
experiences	O
of	O
care	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
first	O
isolated	O
from	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
2012	O
.	O

Although	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
ubiquitous	O
in	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
across	O
Africa	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
,	O
zoonotic	O
disease	O
appears	O
confined	O
to	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Rapid	O
sequence	O
induction	O
(	O
RSI	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
specific	O
technique	O
for	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
induction	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
performed	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
for	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
aspiration	I-DISO
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
intestinal	B-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
injuries	O
and	O
cesarean	O
section	O
).	O

BCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
also	O
evident	O
in	O
captive	O
wild	O
ruminants	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
rapid	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
detection	O
assay	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
rapidly	O
detect	O
lineage	O
C	O
betacoronaviruses	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infections	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
important	O
problems	O
worldwide	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

In	O
total	O
,	O
545	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
(	O
NP	O
)	O
specimens	O
from	O
individuals	O
with	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
who	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
other	O
seven	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
analyzed	O
for	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
.	O

hMPV	B-SPEC
was	O
further	O
detected	O
in	O
several	O
cases	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
only	O
virus	B-SPEC
detected	O
in	O
three	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
VICC	O
with	O
MIT	B-CHED
,	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
accuracy	O
,	O
biosafety	O
and	O
occupational	O
health	O
,	O
supply	O
and	O
equipment	O
costs	O
,	O
bioethics	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
welfare	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
Brazilian	O
public	O
health	O
lab	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Both	O
VICC	O
and	O
MIT	B-CHED
had	O
almost	O
the	O
same	O
accuracy	O
(	O
99	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
although	O
VICC	O
presented	O
fewer	O
risks	O
regarding	O
biosafety	O
and	O
mental	O
health	O
of	O
the	O
technicians	O
,	O
and	O
reduced	O
time	O
between	O
inoculation	O
and	O
obtaining	O
the	O
results	O
(	O
approximately	O
22	O
days	O
less	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
ever	O
-	O
increasing	O
speed	O
and	O
scope	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
mobility	O
by	O
international	O
air	B-CHED
travel	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
global	O
transport	B-PROC
network	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
with	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
introduce	O
pathogens	O
into	O
non	O
-	O
endemic	O
areas	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
facilitate	O
rapid	O
spread	O
of	O
novel	O
or	O
mutated	O
zoonotic	O
agents	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Importance	O
of	O
Neutralizing	O
Monoclonal	O
Antibodies	B-COMP
Targeting	B-PROC
Multiple	O
Antigenic	O
Sites	O
on	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Spike	O
Glycoprotein	B-CHED
To	O
Avoid	O
Neutralization	O
Escape	O
.	O

The	O
potential	O
for	O
a	O
future	O
pandemic	O
originating	O
from	O
animal	B-SPEC
reservoirs	O
or	O
health	O
care	O
-	O
associated	O
events	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
public	O
health	O
concern	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
)	O
of	O
murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
strain	O
A59	O
uses	O
murine	B-SPEC
carcinoembryonic	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
cell	B-PROC
adhesion	B-DISO
molecule	I-PRGE
1a	I-PRGE
as	O
its	O
receptor	O
for	O
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
,	O
but	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
can	O
also	O
be	O
triggered	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
receptor	O
by	O
pH	O
8	O
.	O
0	O
alone	O
at	O
37	O
°	O
C	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
MHV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
A59	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
triggered	O
by	O
pH	O
8	O
.	O
0	O
at	O
37	O
°	O
C	O
to	O
induce	O
receptor	O
-	O
independent	O
syncytium	B-ANAT
(	O
RIS	O
)	O
formation	B-PROC
on	O
293T	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
conformational	O
changes	O
in	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
triggered	O
by	O
pH	O
8	O
.	O
0	O
are	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
triggered	O
by	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
.	O

Replacement	O
of	O
H209	O
with	O
Ala	O
had	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
,	O
but	O
in	O
murine	B-SPEC
17Cl	B-CHED
.	O
1	O
cells	B-COMP
mutant	B-DISO
H209A	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
A59	O
showed	O
delayed	B-DISO
growth	I-DISO
kinetics	O
and	O
was	O
readily	O
outcompeted	O
by	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
virus	B-SPEC
when	O
mixed	O
together	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
H209A	O
mutation	O
caused	O
a	O
defect	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
fitness	O
.	O

AvCoV	O
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
pigeon	B-SPEC
sample	O
caused	O
complete	O
tracheal	O
ciliostasis	O
over	O
a	O
longer	O
time	O
span	O
.	O

Immunohistochemistry	O
was	O
performed	O
for	O
FoxP3	B-PRGE
,	O
CD3	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
17A	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
positive	O
cells	B-COMP
were	O
quantified	O
in	O
multiple	O
images	O
of	O
each	O
sample	O
.	O

A	O
generalized	O
estimating	O
equation	O
tested	O
for	O
an	O
association	O
between	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
these	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
.	O

Cells	B-COMP
stained	O
positive	O
for	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
17A	I-PRGE
in	O
idiopathic	O
uveitis	B-DISO
but	O
not	O
in	O
FIP	B-DISO
samples	O
.	O

Inflammatory	O
stress	O
and	O
immune	O
parameters	O
including	O
procalcitonin	O
(	O
PCT	B-DISO
),	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
),	O
and	O
tumor	B-DISO
necrosis	B-PROC
factor	I-FUNC
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
),	O
and	O
CD4	B-PRGE
Seventy	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

It	O
provides	O
the	O
opportunity	O
and	O
condition	B-DISO
for	O
comprehensive	O
treatment	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Seventy	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

Mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
MSCs	B-COMP
)	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
regulate	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
many	O
researches	O
showed	O
that	O
MSCs	B-COMP
had	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
effects	O
on	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
graft	B-ANAT
versus	O
host	B-COMP
diseases	O
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
basic	O
researches	O
showed	O
that	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
could	O
treat	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
many	O
scientists	O
paid	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
use	O
of	O
MSC	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
aims	O
at	O
addressing	O
the	O
modulation	O
of	O
relevant	O
immune	O
cell	O
subsets	O
by	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
of	O
4	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
pigs	B-SPEC
experimentally	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
recently	O
discovered	O
PR40	O
/	O
2014	O
HP	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
strain	O
phenotypically	O
characterized	O
in	O
Canelli	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
(	O
2017	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
pigs	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
HP	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
(	O
PR11	O
/	O
2014	O
)	O
and	O
uninfected	O
controls	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
these	O
features	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
more	O
severe	O
clinical	O
signs	O
observed	O
upon	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
HP	O
PR40	O
strain	O
are	O
sustained	O
by	O
remarkable	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
distribution	O
of	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
provide	O
further	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
immune	O
regulation	B-PROC
/	O
immunopathogenesis	O
induced	O
by	O
PRRSV	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
subtype	O
1	O
European	O
isolates	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
nsp7	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
localized	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
and	O
has	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
IECs	O
)	O
growth	B-PROC
,	O
cell	B-PATH
cycle	I-PATH
,	O
and	O
cyclin	B-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
For	O
three	O
decades	O
now	O
,	O
ionic	O
liquids	O
(	O
ILs	B-DISO
),	O
organic	B-CHED
salts	I-CHED
comprising	O
only	O
ions	B-CHED
,	O
have	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
pharmaceuticals	B-CHED
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
stratified	O
by	O
treatment	O
arm	B-ANAT
(	O
12	O
versus	O
6	O
cm	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
446	O
(	O
49	O
%)	O
patients	O
had	O
complete	O
SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
,	O
VWF	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
measurements	O
on	O
study	O
enrollment	O
and	O
day	O
3	O
.	O

NBM	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
decreased	O
biomarkers	O
of	O
epithelial	O
and	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
systemic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
receiving	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
and	O
those	O
with	O
a	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
ratio	O
less	O
than	O
or	O
equal	O
to	O
120	O
.	O

Similarly	O
,	O
89	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
302	O
)	O
identified	O
that	O
camels	B-SPEC
and	O
bats	B-SPEC
are	O
prone	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Previous	O
studies	O
exploring	O
CAM	B-DISO
use	O
among	O
cancer	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
region	O
have	O
shown	O
discrepant	O
results	O
.	O

Thirty	O
percent	O
of	O
CAM	B-DISO
users	O
had	O
discussed	O
the	O
issue	O
with	O
their	O
doctors	O
;	O
only	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
had	O
done	O
so	O
with	O
their	O
nurses	O
.	O

All	O
regressions	B-DISO
were	O
adjusted	O
for	O
age	O
,	O
gender	O
,	O
level	O
of	O
intellectual	B-DISO
disabilities	I-DISO
,	O
living	O
arrangements	O
,	O
neighbourhood	O
deprivation	O
and	O
Down	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
1023	O
adults	O
with	O
intellectual	B-DISO
disabilities	I-DISO
underwent	O
comprehensive	O
health	O
assessments	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cellular	B-ANAT
hnRNP	B-ANAT
A1	I-PRGE
Interacts	O
with	O
Nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
Protein	B-CHED
of	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	I-SPEC
Diarrhea	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Impairs	O
Viral	O
Replication	O
.	O

Heterogeneous	B-PRGE
nuclear	I-PRGE
ribonucleoprotein	I-PRGE
A1	I-PRGE
(	O
hnRNP	B-PRGE
A1	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
participating	O
in	O
the	O
splicing	B-PROC
of	O
pre	O
-	O
mRNA	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
nucleus	B-COMP
and	O
translation	B-PROC
regulation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

According	O
to	O
our	O
previous	O
proteomic	O
study	O
about	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
hnRNP	B-PRGE
A1	I-PRGE
was	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
cellular	B-COMP
factor	O
influencing	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Multicenter	O
Consortium	O
to	O
Define	O
the	O
Epidemiology	O
and	O
Outcomes	O
of	O
Pediatric	O
Solid	O
Organ	B-ANAT
Transplant	I-ANAT
Recipients	O
With	O
Inpatient	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Virus	I-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
observational	O
cohort	O
of	O
pediatric	O
SOT	O
recipients	O
(	O
January	O
2010	O
to	O
June	O
2013	O
)	O
was	O
assembled	O
from	O
9	O
US	O
pediatric	O
transplant	B-ANAT
centers	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
late	O
2013	O
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
reemerged	O
in	O
Japan	O
and	O
caused	O
severe	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

Although	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
widely	O
,	O
the	O
disease	O
has	O
swept	O
rapidly	O
across	O
the	O
county	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
commonly	O
observed	O
in	O
PED	O
-	O
vaccinated	O
farms	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
recurred	O
in	O
domestic	O
herds	O
.	O

In	O
comparison	O
with	O
two	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
used	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
the	O
field	O
strains	O
had	O
various	O
changes	O
in	O
epitope	B-CHED
regions	O
,	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
,	O
and	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
sites	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
based	O
on	O
S	O
gene	O
sequences	O
revealed	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
recent	O
field	O
PEDVs	O
were	O
genetically	O
distinct	O
from	O
the	O
classical	O
Japanese	O
strains	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
classified	O
into	O
three	O
genotypes	O
:	O
North	O
American	O
(	O
NA	O
),	O
S	O
INDEL	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
Asian	O
non	O
-	O
S	O
INDEL	B-PROC
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggested	O
a	O
possibility	O
that	O
multiple	O
parental	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
introduced	O
into	O
Japan	O
from	O
abroad	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
or	O
similar	O
times	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
characteristics	O
from	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H7N9	O
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

She	O
was	O
given	O
comprehensive	O
treatment	O
,	O
including	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
,	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
,	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
,	O
gastric	B-ANAT
protection	O
,	O
and	O
noninvasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

She	O
was	O
reasonably	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
infected	O
with	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
as	O
well	O
,	O
and	O
azithromycin	B-CHED
and	O
moxifloxacin	B-CHED
were	O
added	O
to	O
her	O
treatment	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
H7N9	O
infection	B-DISO
whose	O
condition	B-DISO
worsens	O
again	O
,	O
especially	O
with	O
new	O
infiltration	B-DISO
or	O
lung	B-ANAT
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
one	O
should	O
suspect	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
other	O
pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
.	O

Two	O
reaction	O
mixtures	O
(	O
Isothermal	O
Mastermix	O
,	O
OptiGene	O
Ltd	O
.	O
and	O
PCRun	O
™	O
Molecular	O
Detection	O
Mix	O
,	O
Biogal	O
)	O
were	O
tested	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
primers	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
designed	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
a	O
conserved	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
membrane	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
mutated	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
samples	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
and	O
without	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

For	O
one	O
sample	O
genotyping	O
was	O
not	O
possible	O
despite	O
high	O
viral	O
load	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
samples	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
FCoV	O
.	O
As	O
none	O
of	O
the	O
control	O
animals	B-SPEC
showed	O
FCoV	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
previously	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
presumed	O
that	O
the	O
substitution	O
M1058L	O
correlates	O
with	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

FCoV	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
low	O
concentration	O
in	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
control	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
confirming	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
FCoV	O
to	O
spread	O
systemically	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Evidence	O
is	O
accumulating	O
that	O
exposure	O
to	O
cigarette	O
smoke	O
(	O
CS	O
)	O
increases	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
is	O
the	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
exposed	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
3	O
wk	O
of	O
moderate	O
whole	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
CS	O
or	O
air	B-CHED
,	O
followed	O
by	O
intranasal	O
inoculation	O
with	O
an	O
invasive	O
serotype	O
of	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
inclusion	O
of	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
treatment	O
in	O
preclinical	O
studies	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
may	O
enhance	O
clinical	O
relevance	O
,	O
particularly	O
for	O
future	O
studies	O
of	O
current	O
or	O
emerging	O
tobacco	B-SPEC
products	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
guided	O
design	O
of	O
potent	O
and	O
permeable	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
that	O
utilize	O
a	O
piperidine	O
moiety	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
design	O
element	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
MATRIX	O
(	O
Minimizing	O
Adverse	O
Haemorrhagic	O
Events	O
by	O
Transradial	O
Access	O
Site	O
and	O
Systemic	O
Implementation	O
of	O
AngioX	O
)	O
program	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
213	O
patients	O
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
to	O
receive	O
either	O
bivalirudin	B-CHED
or	O
UFH	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
GPIs	B-CHED
at	O
discretion	O
of	O
the	O
operator	O
.	O

Among	O
3	O
,	O
603	O
patients	O
assigned	O
to	O
receive	O
UFH	O
,	O
781	O
(	O
21	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
underwent	O
planned	O
treatment	O
with	O
GPI	O
before	O
coronary	B-ANAT
intervention	O
.	O

Our	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
incidence	O
,	O
characteristics	O
,	O
aetiology	O
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
mortality	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
patients	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
CAP	B-DISO
)	O
using	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
.	O

We	O
prospectively	O
enrolled	O
consecutive	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
adult	O
ICU	O
patients	O
with	O
CAP	B-DISO
over	O
20	O
years	O
,	O
and	O
compared	O
them	O
with	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Specific	O
areas	O
of	O
research	O
are	O
highlighted	O
as	O
especially	O
promising	O
for	O
making	O
advances	O
against	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

PED	O
threatens	O
pig	B-SPEC
industry	O
and	O
leads	O
to	O
substantial	O
economic	O
losses	O
.	O

When	O
taking	O
the	O
previously	O
submitted	O
3	O
isolates	O
from	O
China	O
into	O
consideration	O
,	O
all	O
the	O
12	O
isolates	O
were	O
clustered	O
into	O
4	O
groups	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
G1a	O
,	O
G1b	O
,	O
G2a	O
and	O
G2b	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
a	O
highly	O
diverse	O
and	O
complex	O
clustering	O
might	O
result	O
from	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
more	O
than	O
13	O
provinces	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
Japan	O
,	O
Vietnam	O
,	O
Thai	O
and	O
USA	O
.	O

Results	O
showed	O
that	O
high	O
camel	B-SPEC
-	O
dense	O
areas	O
and	O
interaction	O
(	O
markets	O
and	O
migration	B-PROC
zones	O
)	O
were	O
potential	O
hotspot	O
for	O
transmission	O
and	O
spread	O
.	O

These	O
potential	O
hotspots	O
,	O
determined	O
using	O
anthropogenic	O
,	O
system	O
and	O
trade	O
characterizations	O
should	O
guide	O
selection	O
of	O
sampling	O
/	O
surveillance	O
sites	O
,	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
locations	O
,	O
critical	O
areas	O
for	O
interventions	O
and	O
policy	O
development	B-PROC
in	O
Kenya	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
instigate	O
further	O
virological	O
examination	O
of	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
DIC	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
AKI	B-PRGE
stage	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
were	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Initial	O
performance	O
evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
spotted	O
array	O
Mobile	O
Analysis	O
Platform	O
(	O
MAP	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
B	O
,	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
amplification	B-DISO
was	O
performed	O
at	O
40	O
°	O
C	O
for	O
20	O
min	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Early	O
identification	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
patients	O
at	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

While	O
their	O
clinical	O
representation	O
resembles	O
that	O
of	O
many	O
other	O
agents	O
of	O
the	O
common	B-DISO
cold	I-DISO
,	O
their	O
evolutionary	O
histories	O
,	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
associations	O
could	O
provide	O
important	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
natural	O
history	O
of	O
past	O
human	B-SPEC
pandemics	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
fuse	O
at	O
the	O
plasma	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
or	O
use	O
receptor	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
mediated	I-PROC
endocytosis	I-PROC
and	O
fuse	O
with	O
endosomes	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
or	O
tissue	B-ANAT
type	I-ANAT
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
use	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
BSL	O
-	O
2	O
virus	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
studying	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
Abl	B-PRGE
kinase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
during	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Metabolic	B-PROC
screening	O
revealed	O
elevated	O
plasma	B-ANAT
homocysteine	B-CHED
levels	O
,	O
low	O
methionine	B-CHED
levels	O
,	O
and	O
methylmalonic	B-DISO
aciduria	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
having	O
HUS	O
secondary	O
to	O
Cbl	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
defect	O
.	O

The	O
infant	O
was	O
treated	O
with	O
betaine	B-CHED
,	O
hydroxycobalamin	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
folic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
.	O

He	O
required	O
continued	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
treatment	O
(	O
CRRT	O
)	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
exchange	O
due	O
to	O
thrombotic	B-DISO
microangiopathy	I-DISO
(	O
TMA	B-CHED
).	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
considered	O
a	O
second	O
mechanism	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
as	O
complement	O
dysregulation	O
and	O
gave	O
eculizumab	O
to	O
the	O
patient	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Public	O
health	O
officials	O
(	O
PHOs	B-SPEC
)	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
providing	O
trustworthy	O
information	O
during	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
crisis	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
little	O
research	O
on	O
how	O
the	O
public	O
behaves	O
when	O
their	O
expectations	O
for	O
such	O
information	O
are	O
violated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Association	O
between	O
passive	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
and	O
health	O
status	O
of	O
dairy	O
calves	O
under	O
30	O
days	O
of	O
age	O
.	O

95	O
%	O
CI	O
=	O
1	O
-	O
137	O
)	O
and	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

However	O
,	O
further	O
investigations	O
are	O
needed	O
,	O
particularly	O
focusing	O
on	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
PI	O
and	O
specific	O
enteropathogen	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
calves	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
By	O
means	O
of	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
molecular	O
hybridization	B-PROC
strategy	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
novel	O
diarylpyri	O
(	O
mi	O
)	O
dine	O
derivatives	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
entrance	O
channel	O
of	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
(	O
RT	O
)	O
were	O
designed	O
,	O
synthesized	O
and	O
evaluated	O
as	O
potent	O
non	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
nucleoside	I-PROC
reverse	B-CHED
transcriptase	I-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
(	O
NNRTIs	O
).	O

To	O
better	O
respond	O
to	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
outbreak	O
,	O
government	O
agencies	O
need	O
to	O
improve	O
hierarchical	O
communication	O
among	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
governments	O
,	O
horizontal	O
communication	O
and	O
cooperation	O
between	O
same	O
types	O
or	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
agencies	O
,	O
and	O
information	O
systems	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparison	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
and	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
complicated	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
inhibits	O
autophagic	O
degradation	O
,	O
SNAP29	B-PRGE
promotes	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
early	O
in	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nucleosides	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
respiratory	O
RNA	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Recent	O
advances	O
in	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
structure	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
and	O
function	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
of	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
polymerases	O
will	O
likely	O
support	O
the	O
discovery	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
analogs	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
second	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
conference	O
,	O
which	O
took	O
place	O
on	O
October	O
11	O
and	O
12	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
trials	O
pipeline	O
,	O
design	O
and	O
recruitment	B-DISO
of	O
volunteers	O
,	O
and	O
economic	O
impact	O
of	O
clinical	O
trials	O
were	O
discussed	O
.	O

The	O
process	O
of	O
preclinical	O
drug	O
discovery	O
from	O
small	O
molecules	O
,	O
cellular	B-COMP
and	O
immunologic	O
therapies	O
,	O
and	O
approaches	O
to	O
identifying	O
new	O
targets	O
were	O
also	O
presented	O
.	O

Common	O
pathophysiological	O
abnormalities	O
and	O
similar	O
clinical	O
needs	O
suggest	O
translating	O
to	O
AE	O
-	O
IPF	O
the	O
lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Splenic	B-ANAT
Rupture	O
as	O
the	O
First	O
Manifestation	O
of	O
Babesia	B-SPEC
Microti	I-SPEC
Infection	B-DISO
:	O
Report	O
of	O
a	O
Case	O
and	O
Review	O
of	O
Literature	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
Despite	O
its	O
rare	O
occurrence	O
,	O
SR	O
due	O
to	O
B	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
microti	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
dreaded	O
complication	B-DISO
that	O
can	O
rapidly	O
progress	O
to	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
isolated	O
a	O
strain	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
,	O
named	O
CHN	B-DISO
-	O
GD	O
-	O
2016	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
content	I-ANAT
of	O
a	O
diseased	O
newborn	O
piglet	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
pig	B-SPEC
farm	O
in	O
Guangdong	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

PDCoV	O
CHN	B-DISO
-	O
GD	O
-	O
2016	O
could	O
be	O
identified	O
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
with	O
PDCoV	O
specific	O
rabbit	B-SPEC
antisera	O
,	O
and	O
typical	O
crown	B-COMP
-	O
shaped	O
particles	O
with	O
spiky	O
surface	O
projections	O
of	O
this	O
PDCoV	O
were	O
observed	O
with	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

Intensivists	O
should	O
be	O
aware	O
of	O
this	O
rare	O
but	O
rapid	O
complication	B-DISO
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
support	O
that	O
may	O
directly	O
impact	O
outcome	O
.	O

Brazil	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
biggest	O
poultry	O
producers	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
and	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
review	O
the	O
molecular	O
diversity	O
and	O
reconstruct	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
history	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
country	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
national	O
vaccination	O
protocols	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
show	O
the	O
widespread	O
dissemination	O
and	O
maintenance	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
GI	O
-	O
11	O
lineage	O
in	O
Brazil	O
and	O
highlight	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
continuous	O
surveillance	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
currently	O
used	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
on	O
the	O
observed	O
viral	O
diversity	O
of	O
the	O
country	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
for	O
immune	B-DISO
reconstitution	I-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
patients	O
with	O
Pneumocystis	O
jirovecii	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
postoperative	O
complications	O
in	O
patients	O
having	O
major	O
elective	O
surgery	O
using	O
oesophageal	O
Doppler	O
monitor	O
-	O
guided	O
goal	O
-	O
directed	O
haemodynamic	O
therapy	O
(	O
GDHT	O
),	O
in	O
which	O
administration	O
of	O
fluids	B-ANAT
,	O
inotropes	O
,	O
and	O
vasopressors	O
was	O
guided	O
by	O
stroke	B-DISO
volume	O
,	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
current	O
PED	O
vaccination	O
protocol	O
(	O
vaccination	O
at	O
2	O
and	O
4	O
weeks	O
before	O
farrowing	B-PROC
)	O
may	O
cause	O
stress	O
in	O
pregnant	O
sows	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
compared	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
PED	O
vaccination	O
timing	O
and	O
frequency	O
for	O
its	O
efficacy	O
by	O
measuring	O
the	O
PED	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

As	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
vaccinations	O
increased	O
,	O
the	O
amounts	O
of	O
antibody	B-COMP
in	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
neutralizing	O
activities	O
increased	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
DYSFUNCTION	O
OF	O
VARIOUS	O
ORGAN	B-ANAT
SYSTEMS	I-ANAT
INDUCED	O
BY	O
SEPSIS	B-DISO
WITH	O
UNDERLYING	O
SEVERE	O
MYELOMIC	O
DISEASES	O
AND	O
PROSTATE	O
CANCER	B-SPEC
(	O
CASE	O
REPORT	O
).	O

It	O
is	O
also	O
noteworthy	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
last	O
three	O
months	O
dysfunction	O
of	O
musculoskeletal	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
with	O
muscle	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
,	O
restricted	O
motion	O
has	O
been	O
present	O
.	O

Clinically	O
there	O
was	O
present	O
dysfunction	O
syndrome	B-DISO
of	O
several	O
organs	O
:	O
disorder	O
of	O
function	O
of	O
several	O
organs	B-ANAT
that	O
required	O
emergency	B-DISO
intervention	O
,	O
recovery	O
chance	O
was	O
very	O
low	O
,	O
correlation	O
with	O
morbidity	O
in	O
PIRO	O
was	O
high	O
.	O

The	O
condition	B-DISO
is	O
stable	O
.	O

Initial	O
virome	O
composition	O
was	O
determined	O
by	O
viral	O
metagenomic	O
sequencing	O
by	O
pooling	O
samples	O
and	O
enriching	O
for	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
.	O

The	O
smaller	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
medulla	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
birds	B-SPEC
may	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
lower	O
number	O
of	O
B	B-ANAT
lymphocytes	I-ANAT
and	O
bursal	O
secretory	B-PROC
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
negatively	O
affects	O
the	O
reactivity	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

Positive	O
pressure	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
induced	O
pressure	O
-	O
dependent	O
massive	O
air	B-CHED
leak	O
from	O
disrupted	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
tissue	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Regulation	B-PROC
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophage	I-ANAT
death	B-PROC
in	O
acute	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
.	O

Pharmacological	O
manipulation	O
of	O
AM	O
death	B-PROC
signals	O
may	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
logical	O
therapeutic	O
strategy	O
for	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
large	O
population	O
of	O
nonimmunized	O
dogs	B-SPEC
and	O
few	O
studies	O
about	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
predictive	O
value	O
of	O
NRBCs	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
with	O
mortality	O
as	O
response	O
showed	O
NRBC	O
positivity	O
per	O
se	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
mortality	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
doubled	O
risk	O
for	O
ICU	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
OR	O
2	O
.	O
03	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
16	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
55	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

An	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
(	O
AE	O
)	O
of	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
IP	O
triggered	O
by	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
suspected	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
treatment	O
with	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
and	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
pulse	B-PROC
therapy	O
improved	O
her	O
general	O
condition	B-DISO
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
radiological	O
findings	O
.	O

The	O
careful	O
consideration	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
precisely	O
diagnose	O
and	O
treat	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
RA	O
-	O
associated	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
diseases	I-DISO
as	O
the	O
several	O
etiologies	O
may	O
be	O
overlapped	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
patient	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
depression	B-DISO
may	O
identify	O
vulnerable	O
patients	O
who	O
require	O
psychiatric	O
care	O
and	O
attention	O
during	O
hospital	O
quarantine	O
.	O

Lipo	B-DISO
-	O
prostaglandin	B-CHED
E	O
For	O
these	O
five	O
patients	O
(	O
ten	O
hips	B-ANAT
),	O
Harris	O
score	O
was	O
100	O
from	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
to	O
final	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
time	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
review	O
was	O
to	O
discuss	O
the	O
current	O
challenge	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
still	O
high	O
,	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
causes	O
high	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
admissions	O
and	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Most	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
ALI	O
are	O
limited	O
by	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
they	O
focus	O
on	O
a	O
singular	B-CHED
cause	O
of	O
acute	B-PRGE
lung	I-PRGE
injury	I-PRGE
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
therefore	O
fail	O
to	O
mimic	O
the	O
complex	O
,	O
multifactorial	O
pathobiology	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
,	O
that	O
mice	B-SPEC
pretreated	O
with	O
LPS	B-DISO
or	O
HCl	B-CHED
prior	O
to	O
VILI	O
and	O
thus	O
receiving	O
a	O
"("""	O
two	O
-	O
hit	O
injury	O
""")"	O
will	O
sustain	O
a	O
superadditive	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
VILI	O
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
were	O
allocated	O
to	O
following	O
treatment	O
groups	O
:	O
control	O
with	O
i	O
.	O
t	O
.	O

LPS	B-DISO
,	O
VILI	O
(	O
high	O
PIP	B-CHED
),	O
HCl	B-CHED
i	O
.	O
t	O
.	O

followed	O
by	O
VILI	O
and	O
LPS	B-PRGE
i	I-PRGE
.	I-PRGE
t	I-PRGE
.	O

However	O
,	O
mice	B-SPEC
that	O
received	O
i	O
.	O
t	O
.	O

LPS	B-DISO
prior	O
to	O
VILI	O
showed	O
significantly	O
increased	O
inflammatory	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
compared	O
to	O
animals	B-SPEC
that	O
underwent	O
i	O
.	O
t	O
.	O

(	O
Family	B-SPEC
:	O
Saururaceae	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
an	O
herbaceous	O
perennial	O
plant	B-SPEC
that	O
grows	O
in	O
moist	O
and	O
shady	O
places	O
.	O

The	O
last	O
2	O
decades	O
have	O
witnessed	O
the	O
introduction	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
TPTD	O
technique	O
for	O
measuring	O
EVLW	O
and	O
PVPI	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Objective	O
Delirium	B-DISO
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
various	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
consequences	O
.	O

The	O
haloperidol	B-CHED
and	O
opioid	O
doses	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
longer	O
delirium	B-DISO
duration	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
Plasmodium	B-DISO
ovale	I-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
complicated	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
young	O
Caucasian	O
man	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
ovale	I-SPEC
is	O
considered	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
only	O
mild	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
due	O
to	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
ovale	I-SPEC
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
reported	O
.	O

A	O
37	O
-	O
year	O
old	O
Caucasian	O
man	B-CHED
returning	O
home	O
from	O
Angola	O
was	O
admitted	O
for	O
ovale	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
to	O
the	O
National	O
Institute	O
for	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
Lazzaro	O
Spallanzani	O
in	O
Rome	O
,	O
Italy	O
.	O

The	O
fourth	O
CoV	O
genus	B-SPEC
,	O

Over	O
30	O
genes	O
were	O
downregulated	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
genes	O
representing	O
mitogen	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
activated	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
kinases	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
toll	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
,	O
interferons	O
,	O
interleukins	O
,	O
and	O
signaling	B-PROC
transduction	B-PROC
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
and	O
Characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
Arkansas	O
-	O
Type	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

Although	O
Ark	B-PRGE
-	O
type	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
not	O
widespread	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
surveillance	O
and	O
updating	O
the	O
currently	O
applied	O
vaccination	O
strategy	O
for	O
sound	O
protection	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
disease	O
are	O
important	O
because	O
this	O
type	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
caused	O
heavy	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

In	O
2015	O
,	O
an	O
IBV	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
TC07	O
-	O
2	O
genotype	O
(	O
designated	O
KrD1515	O
)	O
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
layer	B-ANAT
chickens	B-SPEC
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
KrD1515	O
virus	B-SPEC
clustered	O
with	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
TC07	O
-	O
2	O
genotype	O
,	O
whereas	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
KrD1515	O
virus	B-SPEC
clustered	O
with	O
Korean	O
IBVs	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
with	O
Chinese	O
TC07	O
-	O
2	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
KrD1515	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
a	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
between	O
a	O
Chinese	O
TC07	O
-	O
2	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
TC07	O
-	O
2	O
Korean	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
engages	O
in	O
respiratory	O
tropism	B-PROC
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

Determination	O
of	O
the	O
complete	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
additional	O
IBV	O
isolates	O
from	O
India	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
India	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
a	O
representative	O
Japanese	O
PDCoV	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
an	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
using	O
hysterectomy	O
-	O
produced	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
-	O
deprived	O
piglets	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
coccidioidomycosis	I-DISO
.	O

To	O
review	O
indications	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
ECMO	O
in	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
coccidioidomycosis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Administration	O
of	O
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
during	O
ECMO	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
rapid	O
decline	O
in	O
oxygenator	O
performance	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
has	O
increased	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
2012	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
high	O
fatality	O
rates	O
of	O
40	O
%-	O
60	O
%.	O

The	O
purified	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
conjugated	O
with	O
colloidal	B-CHED
gold	I-CHED
was	O
dispensed	O
on	O
a	O
conjugate	O
pad	B-DISO
as	O
the	O
detector	O
.	O

Our	O
newly	O
developed	O
strip	O
has	O
great	O
potential	O
for	O
the	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
diseases	O
caused	O
by	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
),	O
cause	O
thousands	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
and	O
billions	O
of	O
dollars	O
of	O
economic	O
losses	O
per	O
year	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
Phi6	O
survived	O
best	O
at	O
high	O
(>	O
85	O
%)	O
and	O
low	O
(<	O
60	O
%)	O
RHs	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
decrease	O
in	O
infectivity	O
at	O
mid	O
-	O
range	O
RHs	O
(∼	O
60	O
to	O
85	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
and	O
bacterial	O
investigations	O
on	O
the	O
aetiology	O
of	O
recurrent	O
pig	B-SPEC
neonatal	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
cases	O
in	O
Spain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Organ	B-ANAT
assist	O
devices	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
:	O
Limits	O
and	O
perspectives	O
].	O

PVP	B-CHED
-	O
I	O
7	O
%	O
gargle	O
/	O
mouthwash	O
showed	O
rapid	O
bactericidal	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
and	O
virucidal	O
efficacy	O
in	O
vitro	O
at	O
a	O
concentration	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
23	O
%	O
PVP	B-CHED
-	O
I	O
and	O
may	O
provide	O
a	O
protective	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
hygiene	O
measure	O
for	O
individuals	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
oral	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Successful	O
Use	O
of	O
Veno	O
-	O
Venous	B-ANAT
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
an	O
Adult	O
Patient	O
with	O
Sickle	B-ANAT
Cell	I-ANAT
Anemia	B-SPEC
and	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Chest	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
has	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
treatment	O
of	O
choice	O
for	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Severe	O
hypoxemia	O
unresponsive	O
to	O
conventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
could	O
also	O
occur	O
in	O
the	O
operating	O
room	O
from	O
severe	O
bronchospasm	B-DISO
,	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusions	O
,	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Adjuvant	B-CHED
enhancing	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
is	O
preferred	O
in	O
controlling	O
many	O
pathogens	O
at	O
the	O
portal	B-ANAT
of	O
entry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Case	O
Report	O
of	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
Aeromedical	O
Evacuation	O
at	O
a	O
Deployed	O
Military	O
Hospital	O
.	O

Surfactant	B-CHED
was	O
also	O
impaired	B-DISO
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
mice	B-SPEC
where	O
the	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
to	O
phospholipid	B-CHED
ratio	O
(	O
W	O
/	O
W	O
%)	O
was	O
increased	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
measured	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
lipidome	O
of	O
individuals	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
at	O
two	O
time	O
-	O
points	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
lipidome	O
distinguished	O
survivors	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
both	O
the	O
absolute	O
concentration	O
and	O
change	O
in	O
concentration	O
over	O
time	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
lipids	B-CHED
are	O
associated	O
with	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
in	O
this	O
population	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
assay	O
reliably	O
measured	O
359	O
lipids	B-CHED
.	O

Although	O
outstanding	O
efforts	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
Alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
receptors	O
,	O
the	O
receptor	O
for	O
Deltacoronavirus	O
is	O
unclear	O
.	O

Ectopic	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
of	O
pAPN	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
susceptible	O
BHK	O
-	O
21	O
cells	B-COMP
rendered	O
them	O
susceptible	O
to	O
PDCoV	O
.	O
These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
pAPN	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Homologous	O
modeling	O
of	O
pAPN	O
with	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
(	O
S1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CTD	I-PRGE
)	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
or	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
showed	O
that	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CTD	I-PRGE
adopted	O
β	O
-	O
turns	O
(	O
β1	O
-	O
β2	O
and	O
β3	O
-	O
β4	O
),	O
forming	O
the	O
tip	O
of	O
a	O
β	O
-	O
barrel	O
,	O
to	O
recognize	O
pAPN	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
discuss	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
variation	O
of	O
PDCoV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CTD	I-PRGE
based	O
on	O
structure	O
information	O
,	O
providing	O
clues	O
to	O
explain	O
the	O
usage	O
of	O
pAPN	O
by	O
PDCoV	O
.	O
Taken	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
presented	O
herein	O
reveal	O
that	O
pAPN	O
is	O
likely	O
not	O
a	O
critical	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
PDCoV	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
some	O
regions	O
of	O
Cameroon	O
,	O
bats	B-SPEC
are	O
hunted	O
and	O
eaten	O
as	O
a	O
delicacy	O
.	O

Culture	O
supernatants	O
from	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
polarized	O
in	O
vitro	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
or	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
and	O
ex	O
vivo	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
specifically	O
promoted	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
repair	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
series	O
of	O
tripeptidic	O
acylsulfonamide	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
HCV	B-PRGE
NS3	B-DISO
protease	I-PRGE
were	O
prepared	O
that	O
explored	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
at	O
the	O
P4	O
position	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
properties	O
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Enhanced	O
potency	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
P4	O
ureas	B-CHED
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
PK	O
profiles	O
of	O
these	O
analogues	O
were	O
less	O
than	O
optimal	O
.	O

This	O
included	O
a	O
strategy	O
in	O
which	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
urea	B-CHED
N	O
-	O
H	O
groups	O
was	O
either	O
N	O
-	O
methylated	O
or	O
replaced	O
with	O
an	O
oxygen	B-CHED
atom	I-CHED
.	O

It	O
inhibits	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
many	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
ultimately	O
promotes	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
of	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
spread	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
unraveled	O
a	O
novel	O
escape	O
strategy	O
involving	O
Theiler	O
'	O
s	O
murine	B-DISO
encephalomyelitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TMEV	O
)	O
L	O
*	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Using	O
chimeric	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
expressing	O
TMEV	O
L	O
*,	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
L	O
*	O
efficiently	O
inhibits	O
RNase	O
L	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
coronaviruses	O
by	O
PCR	O
in	O
918	O
Australian	O
wild	O
bird	B-SPEC
samples	O
collected	O
during	O
2016	O
-	O
17	O
.	O

Coronaviruses	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
141	O
samples	O
(	O
15	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
from	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
ducks	B-SPEC
,	O
shorebirds	B-SPEC
and	O
herons	B-SPEC
and	O
from	O
multiple	O
sampling	O
locations	O
.	O

Australian	O
duck	B-SPEC
and	O
heron	O
deltacoronaviruses	O
belonged	O
to	O
lineages	O
with	O
other	O
duck	O
and	O
heron	O
deltacoronaviruses	O
,	O
but	O
were	O
almost	O
20	O
%	O
different	O
in	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
to	O
other	O
deltacoronavirus	O
sequences	O
available	O
.	O

APOBEC3	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
restriction	O
was	O
partially	O
dependent	O
on	O
enzyme	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
was	O
reduced	O
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
enzymatically	O
inactive	O
APOBEC3	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
risk	O
-	O
prediction	O
model	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
in	O
dialysis	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
attempted	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
risk	O
-	O
prediction	O
model	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
early	O
risk	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Asymptomatic	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
using	O
a	O
serologic	O
survey	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

The	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
rate	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
060	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
346	O
).	O

The	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
acquired	O
via	O
healthcare	O
-	O
associated	O
transmission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
in	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
:	O
a	O
multicenter	O
,	O
point	O
-	O
prevalence	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
prevalence	O
and	O
mortality	O
of	O
sepsis	O
are	O
largely	O
unknown	O
in	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
,	O
a	O
country	O
with	O
high	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
resistance	B-PROC
.	O

infection	B-DISO
,	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
nurse	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
patient	O
ratio	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
4	O
(	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
nurse	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
patient	O
ratio	O
of	O
1	O
:	O
2	O
)	O
were	O
independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
paucity	O
of	O
data	O
on	O
varicella	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
from	O
India	O
.	O

The	O
various	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
were	O
partial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
of	I-PROC
oxygen	I-PROC
:	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
ratio	O
<	O
150	O
,	O
quick	O
sequential	O
(	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
)	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
assessment	O
(	O
qSOFA	O
)	O
>	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
early	O
bacterial	O
coinfection	B-DISO
.	O

30	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
(	O
76	O
/	O
250	O
)	O
of	O
specimens	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
any	O
virus	B-SPEC
tested	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
(	O
12	O
/	O
250	O
)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
2	O
or	O
more	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

During	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
month	O
period	O
covering	O
a	O
single	O
season	O
,	O
HCoVs	O
were	O
common	O
,	O
even	O
among	O
social	O
contacts	O
without	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
;	O
specific	O
symptoms	O
may	O
change	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
HCoV	O
-	O
associated	O
illness	O
and	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
symptoms	O
from	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Between	O
May	O
31	O
and	O
June	O
15	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
44	O
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
reported	O
from	O
3	O
simultaneous	O
clusters	B-CHED
from	O
3	O
health	O
care	O
facilities	O
in	O
Riyadh	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
including	O
11	O
fatal	O
cases	O
.	O

Dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
considered	O
as	O
potential	O
reservoirs	O
for	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
only	O
animal	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
which	O
may	O
transmit	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
to	O
human	B-SPEC
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
seventy	O
one	O
(	O
171	O
)	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
healthy	O
dromedary	O
camels	B-SPEC
with	O
different	O
ages	O
and	O
genders	O
in	O
Tabuk	O
city	O
and	O
tested	O
for	O
specific	O
serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-PRGE
by	O
ELISA	O
using	O
the	O
receptor	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
subunits	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
144	O
(	O
84	O
,	O
21	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
camel	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
shown	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
These	O
results	O
may	O
provide	O
evidence	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
previously	O
infected	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
in	O
Tabuk	O
and	O
may	O
support	O
the	O
possible	O
role	O
of	O
camels	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Twelve	O
patients	O
were	O
in	O
stage	O
III	O
kidney	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
needed	O
haemodialysis	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
MERS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Dromedary	O
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
bred	O
domestically	O
and	O
imported	O
into	O
Bangladesh	O
.	O

S100A12	B-PRGE
concentrations	O
were	O
measured	O
in	O
all	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
using	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
radioimmunoassay	O
.	O

(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0384	O
)	O
and	O
in	O
dogs	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0277	O
),	O
whereas	O
dogs	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
had	O
decreased	O
fecal	B-ANAT
S100A12	O
concentrations	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0345	O
).	O

Only	O
fecal	B-ANAT
score	O
and	O
breed	B-PROC
size	O
had	O
an	O
effect	O
on	O
fecal	B-ANAT
S100A12	O
concentrations	O
in	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

Midnasal	O
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
tested	O
for	O
HCoV	O
and	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmembrane	B-ANAT
Domains	O
of	O
Highly	O
Pathogenic	O
Viral	O
Fusion	O
Proteins	B-CHED
Exhibit	O
Trimeric	O
Association	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Enveloped	O
viruses	O
require	O
viral	O
fusion	O
proteins	B-CHED
to	O
promote	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
envelope	I-COMP
with	O
a	O
target	O
cell	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
.	O

To	O
drive	O
fusion	O
,	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
undergo	O
large	O
conformational	O
changes	O
that	O
must	O
occur	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
place	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
right	O
time	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
similar	O
approach	O
,	O
the	O
work	O
presented	O
here	O
indicates	O
that	O
trimeric	O
interactions	O
also	O
occur	O
between	O
the	O
fusion	O
protein	O
TMDs	O
of	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
CoV	O
),	O
and	O
rabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
TM	O
-	O
TM	O
interactions	O
are	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
fusion	O
protein	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
of	O
diverse	O
viral	O
families	O
.	O

Well	O
conducted	O
multinational	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
studies	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
methodology	O
of	O
testing	O
are	O
necessary	O
for	O
accurate	O
surveillance	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
among	O
Hajj	O
pilgrims	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
retrieved	O
articles	O
were	O
summarized	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
methodology	O
of	O
testing	O
for	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
acquisition	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
remains	O
very	O
limited	O
and	O
systematic	O
screening	O
of	O
pilgrims	O
showed	O
no	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Using	O
observed	O
data	O
on	O
pig	B-SPEC
movements	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
initial	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
PEDv	B-SPEC
epidemic	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
network	O
-	O
based	O
and	O
spatially	O
explicit	O
epidemiological	O
model	O
that	O
simulates	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
PEDv	O
via	O
both	O
indirect	O
and	O
direct	O
movement	B-PROC
-	O
related	O
contact	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
answer	O
unresolved	O
questions	O
concerning	O
factors	O
facilitating	O
between	O
-	O
farm	O
transmission	O
.	O

All	O
these	O
patients	O
received	O
2	O
months	O
'	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
rehabilitation	O
program	O
.	O

Pulmonary	B-PROC
functions	I-PROC
and	O
exercise	O
capacity	O
included	O
TLC	O
,	O
forced	B-PROC
vital	I-PROC
capacity	I-PROC
(	O
FVC	B-PROC
),	O
forced	B-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
volume	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
first	O
second	O
(	O
FEV	B-SPEC
The	O
impaired	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
functions	I-PROC
and	O
exercise	O
capacity	O
in	O
the	O
survivors	O
of	O
H1N1	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
improved	O
soon	O
at	O
3	O
months	O
after	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influence	O
of	O
Entrapment	O
on	O
Prehospital	O
Management	O
and	O
the	O
Hospital	O
Course	O
in	O
Polytrauma	O
Patients	O
:	O
A	O
Retrospective	O
Analysis	O
in	O
Air	B-CHED
Rescue	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
entrapped	O
patients	O
are	O
prone	O
to	O
sustain	O
more	O
severe	O
trauma	O
to	O
the	O
extremities	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chugging	O
in	O
patients	O
on	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
An	O
under	O
-	O
recognized	O
driver	O
of	O
intravenous	O
fluid	O
administration	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
?	O

Our	O
patient	O
received	O
frequent	O
boluses	O
of	O
albumin	B-PRGE
for	O
intermittent	O
circuit	O
chugging	O
contributing	O
to	O
a	O
net	O
positive	O
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
of	O
roughly	O
6	O
liters	O
4	O
days	O
after	O
cannulation	O
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
among	O
different	O
genera	O
,	O
the	O
two	O
domains	O
of	O
S1	O
,	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
S1	O
-	O
NTD	O
)	O
and	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
S1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CTD	I-PRGE
),	O
diverge	O
from	O
simpler	O
tertiary	O
structures	O
and	O
quaternary	O
packing	O
to	O
more	O
complex	O
ones	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
different	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
spikes	O
in	O
receptor	O
usage	O
and	O
membrane	O
fusion	O
.	O

The	O
Norwegian	O
control	O
program	O
against	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
is	O
based	O
on	O
herd	O
-	O
level	O
diagnosis	O
using	O
a	O
new	O
multiplex	O
immunoassay	O
.	O

Bare	O
-	O
metal	B-CHED
stents	O
were	O
used	O
in	O
33	O
patients	O
,	O
covered	O
stents	O
in	O
26	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
types	O
in	O
6	O
.	O

Two	O
patients	O
had	O
vessel	B-ANAT
spasm	B-DISO
treated	O
by	O
nitroglycerin	B-CHED
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
deaths	B-PROC
among	O
CMI	O
patients	O
and	O
two	O
early	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
12	O
%)	O
among	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
AMI	B-DISO
.	O

Use	O
of	O
EPDs	O
during	O
SMA	B-DISO
stenting	O
is	O
safe	O
and	O
feasible	O
with	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
wire	O
technique	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Supplemental	O
flaxseed	B-SPEC
modulates	O
ovarian	B-ANAT
functions	O
of	O
weanling	O
gilts	O
via	O
the	O
action	O
of	O
selected	O
fatty	O
acids	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
examine	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
dietary	O
flaxseed	B-SPEC
on	O
the	O
endocrine	B-CHED
and	O
ovarian	B-ANAT
functions	O
of	O
weanling	O
gilts	O
challenged	O
with	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
and	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
dietary	O
probiotic	O
cheeses	O
and	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
possible	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
its	O
effects	O
on	O
ovarian	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Probiotics	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
natural	O
substitution	O
for	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
and	O
10	O
%	O
dietary	O
flaxseed	B-SPEC
is	O
an	O
effective	O
prebiotic	O
which	O
supports	O
the	O
action	O
of	O
probiotics	O
and	O
has	O
other	O
beneficial	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
organism	O
.	O

Probiotics	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
flaxseed	B-SPEC
were	O
fed	O
to	O
weanling	O
gilts	O
starting	O
10	O
days	O
before	O
and	O
lasting	O
up	O
until	O
14	O
days	O
after	O
weaning	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
ovaries	B-ANAT
were	O
measured	O
and	O
histologically	O
analysed	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
many	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
is	O
not	O
long	O
-	O
lasting	O
and	O
declines	O
with	O
age	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
memory	B-PROC
CD8	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
providing	O
protection	O
against	O
secondary	O
infections	O
.	O

In	O
comparison	O
to	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
,	O
the	O
PALICC	O
criteria	O
identified	O
more	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
last	O
two	O
decades	O
,	O
scientists	O
have	O
grown	O
increasingly	O
aware	O
that	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
emerging	O
from	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
interface	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
other	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
have	O
also	O
emerged	O
recently	O
,	O
contributing	O
to	O
the	O
high	O
burden	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

Genealogical	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
sequences	O
of	O
BCoV	O
for	O
the	O
gene	O
which	O
codes	O
for	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
can	O
be	O
broken	O
down	O
into	O
two	O
distinct	O
clusters	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
samples	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
were	O
closely	O
linked	O
to	O
Asian	O
strains	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
sham	O
treatment	O
control	O
,	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
of	O
splenic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
was	O
less	O
pronounced	O
in	O
the	O
splenic	B-ANAT
white	I-ANAT
pulp	I-ANAT
of	O
treated	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
greater	O
number	O
of	O
proliferating	O
splenic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
red	B-ANAT
pulp	I-ANAT
,	O
was	O
observed	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
viral	O
virulence	B-PROC
determinants	O
by	O
constructing	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
chimeric	O
mutants	O
between	O
the	O
highly	O
virulent	O
strain	O
BJ2011C	O
and	O
the	O
avirulent	O
strain	O
CHM2013	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
regional	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
system	O
:	O
The	O
importance	O
of	O
innovative	O
simulation	O
training	O
.	O

ECMO	O
is	O
a	O
complex	O
network	O
that	O
provides	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
ventilation	O
and	O
allows	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
to	O
rest	B-FUNC
and	O
recover	B-PROC
from	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
while	O
minimizing	O
iatrogenic	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

The	O
total	O
time	O
,	O
by	O
definition	O
,	O
means	O
the	O
time	O
from	O
the	O
first	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
mannequin	O
to	O
the	O
cannulation	O
of	O
artificial	O
vessels	B-ANAT
and	O
starting	O
VV	O
perfusion	O
on	O
ECMO	O
,	O
did	O
not	O
exceed	O
3	O
h	O
-	O
including	O
75	O
min	O
of	O
transport	B-PROC
(	O
the	O
total	O
time	O
of	O
simulation	O
with	O
first	O
call	O
from	O
provincial	O
hospital	O
to	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
Clinical	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
department	O
was	O
5	O
h	O
).	O

A	O
discharge	B-ANAT
home	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
index	O
admission	O
was	O
associated	O
an	O
increased	O
overall	O
survival	O
compared	O
with	O
any	O
other	O
discharge	B-ANAT
location	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
).	O
We	O
report	O
good	O
early	O
outcomes	O
,	O
but	O
significant	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
morbidity	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
COPD	B-DISO
requiring	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
novel	O
PEAV	O
sequence	O
was	O
most	O
identical	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
bat	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
HKU2	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
differences	O
between	O
them	O
were	O
comprehensively	O
compared	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
uniform	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
was	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
close	O
relationship	O
with	O
betacoronaviruses	O
and	O
to	O
perhaps	O
represent	O
unrecognized	O
betacoronaviruses	O
.	O

Tests	O
were	O
carried	O
out	O
on	O
the	O
feline	B-SPEC
calicivirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FCV	B-CHED
)	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
F9	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
surrogate	O
of	O
airborne	O
pathogen	O
human	B-SPEC
norovirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
PACT	B-DISO
device	O
could	O
inactivate	O
FCV	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
passed	O
through	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
chamber	B-ANAT
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
phosphatidylcholine	B-CHED
(	O
PC	O
),	O
the	O
major	O
phospholipid	B-CHED
of	O
circulating	O
lipoproteins	B-CHED
,	O
is	O
synthesized	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
liver	B-ANAT
by	O
two	O
biologically	O
diverse	O
pathways	B-PROC
:	O
the	O
cytidine	B-CHED
diphosphocholine	O
(	O
CDP	B-CHED
):	O
choline	B-CHED
and	O
phosphatidylethanolamine	B-CHED

High	O
resolution	O
manometry	O
was	O
performed	O
on	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
unexplained	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
(	O
Respiratory	O
Group	O
61	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Passive	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
to	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
following	O
immunization	O
of	O
pregnant	O
gilts	O
with	O
a	O
recombinant	O
orf	O
virus	O
vector	O
expressing	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
assessed	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
and	O
milk	O
of	O
immunized	O
gilts	O
,	O
and	O
passive	O
transfer	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
was	O
evaluated	O
in	O
piglet	O
sera	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
the	O
THERAFLEX	O
UV	O
-	O
Platelets	B-ANAT
and	O
THERAFLEX	O
MB	O
-	O
Plasma	B-ANAT
pathogen	O
inactivation	B-DISO
systems	O
to	O
inactivate	O
EBOV	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
platelet	B-ANAT
concentrates	O
(	O
PCs	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

PCs	B-DISO
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
were	O
spiked	O
with	O
high	O
titers	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
-	O
derived	O
EBOV	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
treated	O
with	O
various	O
light	O
doses	O
of	O
ultraviolet	O
C	O
(	O
UVC	O
;	O
THERAFLEX	O
UV	O
-	O
Platelets	B-ANAT
)	O
or	O
methylene	B-CHED
blue	I-CHED
(	O
MB	B-CHED
)	O
plus	O
visible	O
light	O
(	O
MB	B-CHED
/	O
light	O
;	O
THERAFLEX	O
MB	B-CHED
-	O
Plasma	B-ANAT
),	O
and	O
assessed	O
for	O
residual	O
viral	O
infectivity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
physician	O
based	O
critical	O
care	O
transport	O
team	O
(	O
registered	O
nurse	O
and	O
paramedic	O
)	O
that	O
successfully	O
initiated	O
prone	O
positioning	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
patient	O
prior	O
to	O
transport	B-PROC
to	O
an	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
capable	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
examined	O
the	O
temporal	O
relationships	O
between	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
usage	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
monthly	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
prescriptions	O
and	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
between	O
2010	O
and	O
2015	O
at	O
all	O
primary	O
care	O
clinics	O
were	O
obtained	O
from	O
the	O
Korean	O
Health	O
Insurance	O
Review	O
and	O
Assessment	O
Service	O
.	O

These	O
correlations	O
peaked	O
at	O
the	O
0	O
-	O
month	O
lag	O
with	O
cross	O
-	O
correlation	O
coefficients	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
45	O
(	O
Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
significant	O
temporal	O
relationship	O
between	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
activity	O
and	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
use	O
in	O
primary	O
clinics	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

About	O
1	O
/	O
3	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
HMP	O
or	O
RSV	B-SPEC
and	O
acute	O
(	O
or	O
acute	O
-	O
on	O
-	O
chronic	O
)	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
developed	O
PARDS	O
.	O

The	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
clinical	O
course	O
,	O
and	O
outcomes	O
were	O
similar	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
PARDS	O
associated	O
with	O
HMP	O
and	O
RSV	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
vesicle	B-COMP
internalization	O
process	O
requires	O
actin	B-COMP
cytoskeleton	I-COMP
rearrangements	O
.	O

HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
with	O
multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
,	O
and	O
positive	O
samples	O
were	O
targeted	B-PROC
for	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequencing	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Two	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
genotypes	O
circulated	O
in	O
Kilifi	O
between	O
2008	O
and	O
2014	O
.	O

Similar	O
patterns	O
for	O
2	O
other	O
endemic	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
coastal	O
Kenya	O
setting	O
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
exhibited	O
low	O
prevalence	O
in	O
hospital	O
pediatric	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
admissions	O
.	O

Clade	O
persistence	O
with	O
low	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
suggest	O
limited	O
immune	O
selection	O
,	O
and	O
absence	O
of	O
detectable	O
clade	O
switching	O
in	O
reinfections	O
indicates	O
initial	O
exposure	O
was	O
insufficient	O
to	O
elicit	O
a	O
protective	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
continues	O
to	O
cause	O
serious	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
global	O
chicken	B-SPEC
production	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
immunopathogenesis	O
,	O
particularly	O
early	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
,	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
better	O
understood	O
for	O
effective	O
control	O
of	O
diseases	O
caused	O
by	O
different	O
strains	O
of	O
IBVs	O
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
high	O
mortality	O
and	O
prolonged	O
morbidity	O
after	O
RSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
include	O
premature	B-DISO
birth	I-DISO
,	O
bronchopulmonary	B-DISO
dysplasia	I-DISO
,	O
congenital	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
Down	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
arrest	I-DISO
occurred	O
within	O
3	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
cough	B-DISO
and	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

Viral	O
antigen	B-CHED
detection	O
and	O
microbiome	O
analyses	O
of	O
oral	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
and	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
specimens	O
verified	O
an	O
RSV	B-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
,	O
while	O
bacterial	O
culture	O
of	O
blood	O
specimens	O
yielded	O
negative	O
results	O
.	O

The	O
RSV	B-SPEC
strain	O
detected	O
in	O
this	O
patient	O
was	O
subtyped	O
as	O
RSVB9	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
mutation	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
six	O
antigenic	O
sites	O
for	O
targeted	B-PROC
drugs	O
or	O
vaccines	O
.	O

In	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
and	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
specimens	O
,	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
sub	O
-	O
genomic	O
mRNA	B-CHED
and	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
did	O
not	O
correlate	O
.	O

The	O
imaging	O
findings	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
are	O
diverse	O
and	O
overlap	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
other	O
nonviral	O
infectious	B-DISO
and	O
inflammatory	O
conditions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Distribution	O
and	O
absence	O
of	O
generalized	O
lesions	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
following	O
single	O
dose	O
intramuscular	O
inoculation	O
of	O
the	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
MVA	O
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
S	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Modified	O
Vaccinia	B-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
Ankara	O
(	O
MVA	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
attenuated	O
and	O
replication	O
-	O
deficient	O
virus	B-SPEC
serving	O
as	O
vaccine	O
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
assessed	O
the	O
in	O
vivo	O
distribution	O
of	O
a	O
recombinant	O
MVA	B-CHED
candidate	O
vaccine	O
against	O
the	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MVA	B-CHED
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
S	O
)	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Role	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
complicated	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
with	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
acute	O
contagious	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
severe	O
cases	O
,	O
maintaining	O
adequate	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
aiming	O
to	O
avoid	O
further	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
other	O
neonatal	O
morbidities	O
associated	O
with	O
systemic	O
/	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
hypoperfusion	O
,	O
prolonged	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
challenging	O
and	O
requires	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
knowledge	O
into	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
common	O
after	O
severe	O
traumatic	O
injuries	O
but	O
is	O
underdiagnosed	O
and	O
undertreated	O
.	O

Controls	O
were	O
subjects	O
without	O
ARDS	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
first	O
4	O
days	O
of	O
study	O
enrollment	O
.	O

Despite	O
this	O
impressive	O
economic	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
this	O
growth	B-PROC
exists	O
side	O
by	O
side	O
with	O
the	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
/	O
acquired	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
)	O
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
crises	O
and	O
the	O
persisting	O
deficiencies	O
in	O
public	O
health	O
provision	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Acknowledging	O
the	O
prevailing	O
health	O
problems	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	O
government	O
has	O
encouraged	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
health	O
non	O
-	O
governmental	O
organizations	O
(	O
NGOs	O
)	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
the	O
health	O
challenges	O
and	O
address	O
the	O
gaps	O
in	O
public	O
health	O
provision	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
.	O

The	O
research	O
that	O
underpins	O
this	O
article	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
desk	O
-	O
based	O
literature	O
review	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
field	O
interviews	O
with	O
individuals	O
working	O
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
-	O
focused	O
NGOs	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Despite	O
depicting	O
a	O
positive	O
scenario	O
,	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
-	O
focused	O
NGOs	O
in	O
China	O
generated	O
by	O
the	O
international	O
securitization	O
efforts	O
is	O
largely	O
limited	O
.	O

ER	O
stress	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
consequence	O
in	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Four	O
novel	O
deltacoronaviruses	O
were	O
detected	O
from	O
eight	O
birds	B-SPEC
of	O
four	O
species	B-SPEC
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
PCR	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
):	O
FalCoV	O
UAE	O
-	O
HKU27	O
from	O
a	O
falcon	O
,	O
HouCoV	O
UAE	O
-	O
HKU28	O
from	O
a	O
houbara	O
bustard	O
,	O
PiCoV	O
UAE	O
-	O
HKU29	O
from	O
a	O
pigeon	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
QuaCoV	O
UAE	O
-	O
HKU30	O
from	O
five	O
quails	O
.	O

Western	O
blotting	O
detected	O
specific	O
anti	O
-	O
FalCoV	O
UAE	O
-	O
HKU27	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
33	O
(	O
75	O
%)	O
of	O
44	O
falcon	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
,	O
supporting	O
genuine	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
falcons	B-SPEC
after	O
virus	B-SPEC
acquisition	O
.	O

Unsupervised	O
CyTOF	O
analysis	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
leukocytes	B-ANAT
from	O
human	B-SPEC
subjects	O
has	O
potential	O
to	O
identify	O
expected	O
and	O
potentially	O
novel	O
myeloid	O
populations	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
linked	O
with	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
.	O

A	O
web	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
program	O
aggregates	O
data	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
algorithm	O
that	O
provides	O
potential	O
signals	O
of	O
emerging	O
public	O
health	O
events	O
which	O
are	O
then	O
reviewed	O
by	O
a	O
multilingual	O
,	O
multidisciplinary	O
team	O
.	O

The	O
GPHIN	O
'	O
s	O
early	O
adoption	O
of	O
Big	O
Data	O
has	O
increased	O
global	O
capacity	O
to	O
detect	O
international	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
and	O
other	O
public	O
health	O
events	O
.	O

EIDs	O
will	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
remain	O
a	O
key	O
,	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
challenge	O
in	O
a	O
globalized	O
world	O
where	O
demographic	O
,	O
climatic	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
environmental	O
changes	O
are	O
altering	O
the	O
interactions	O
between	O
hosts	B-COMP
and	O
pathogen	O
in	O
ways	O
that	O
increase	O
spillover	O
from	O
animals	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
global	O
spread	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
represents	O
the	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
identified	O
in	O
diarrhoeic	O
animals	B-SPEC
collected	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
in	O
2017	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
one	O
2017	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
,	O
KOR	O
/	O
KNU	O
-	O
1705	O
/	O
2017	O
,	O
was	O
successfully	O
isolated	O
and	O
propagated	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Our	O
data	O
advance	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
antigenicity	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Incidence	O
of	O
mild	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
ARI	B-CHED
was	O
higher	O
among	O
healthy	O
than	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
children	O
(	O
incidence	O
rate	O
ratio	O
[	O
IRR	O
]:	O
1	O
.	O
67	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]:	O
1	O
.	O
13	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
48	O
).	O

The	O
median	O
cost	O
per	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
ARI	B-CHED
episode	O
was	O
$	O
232	O
among	O
healthy	O
and	O
$	O
318	O
among	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
children	O
(	O
26	O
-	O
40	O
%	O
and	O
36	O
-	O
54	O
%	O
of	O
monthly	O
household	O
income	O
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
difference	O
in	O
medians	O
:	O
110	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
for	O
difference	O
in	O
medians	O
:	O
-$	O
352	O
to	O
$	O
571	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
cyclosporine	B-CHED
treatment	O
separately	O
and	O
in	O
combination	O
on	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
replication	O
in	O
a	O
human	B-SPEC
in	O
-	O
vitro	O
and	O
ex	O
-	O
vivo	O
culture	O
model	O
.	O

As	O
there	O
are	O
few	O
readily	O
available	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
that	O
accurately	O
mimic	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
challenge	O
to	O
ethically	O
determine	O
what	O
optimum	O
treatment	O
strategies	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
this	O
disease	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
in	O
-	O
vitro	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
ex	O
-	O
vivo	O
explant	O
cultures	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
two	O
immunomodulatory	O
agents	O
,	O
interferon	B-PRGE
alpha	I-PRGE
and	O
cyclosporine	B-CHED
,	O
singly	O
and	O
in	O
combination	O
,	O
on	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
.	O

The	O
ferret	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
wk	O
history	O
of	O
inappetence	O
,	O
weight	O
loss	O
,	O
and	O
lethargy	B-DISO
.	O

Fine	O
-	O
needle	O
aspirates	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
mass	O
were	O
nondiagnostic	O
.	O

Histopathology	O
of	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
,	O
lymphatic	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
pancreatic	B-ANAT
biopsies	O
revealed	O
suppurative	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
and	O
necrotizing	O
and	O
pyogranulomatous	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
steatitis	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
and	O
highly	O
lethal	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
disease	O
of	O
domestic	B-SPEC
cats	I-SPEC
.	O

These	O
analogs	O
act	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
substrate	O
and	O
RNA	O
-	O
chain	O
terminator	O
of	O
viral	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
.	O

Digital	B-ANAT
weights	O
were	O
collected	O
at	O
enrollment	O
and	O
d	O
56	O
,	O
and	O
hipometer	O
weights	O
were	O
collected	O
at	O
enrollment	O
and	O
d	O
7	O
and	O
56	O
.	O

Total	O
health	O
score	O
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
days	O
,	O
average	O
respiratory	O
score	O
,	O
packed	O
cell	B-COMP
volume	O
,	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
total	O
protein	B-CHED
were	O
not	O
affected	O
by	O
feeding	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IL	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
10	I-PRGE
egg	B-ANAT
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Seroconversion	O
and	O
titer	O
changes	O
were	O
validated	O
by	O
hemagglutination	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
tests	O
and	O
neutralization	O
tests	O
.	O

The	O
questionnaire	O
was	O
administered	O
online	O
through	O
Survey	O
Monkey	B-SPEC
The	O
study	O
participants	O
showed	O
mean	O
knowledge	O
score	O
of	O
12	O
.	O
26	O
±	O
2	O
.	O
27	O
(	O
based	O
on	O
17	O
knowledge	O
questions	O
)	O
and	O
attitude	O
score	O
of	O
8	O
.	O
63	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
68	O
(	O
based	O
on	O
10	O
attitude	O
questions	O
).	O

We	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
PFD	B-DISO
remarkably	O
ameliorated	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
and	O
reduced	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
and	O
TGF	O
-	O
β1	O
levels	O
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
(	O
BALF	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
common	B-DISO
colds	I-DISO
.	O

Unlike	O
in	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
fusion	O
activation	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
one	O
-	O
step	O
process	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Co	O
-	O
Occurrence	O
of	O
Post	O
-	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Problems	O
Among	O
406	O
Survivors	O
of	O
Critical	B-DISO
Illness	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
co	O
-	O
occurring	O
newly	O
acquired	O
cognitive	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
,	O
disability	O
in	O
activities	O
of	O
daily	O
livings	O
,	O
and	O
depression	B-DISO
among	O
survivors	O
of	O
a	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
predictors	O
of	O
being	O
free	O
of	O
post	O
-	O
intensive	O
care	O
syndrome	B-DISO
problems	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
or	O
shock	O
,	O
excluding	O
those	O
with	O
preexisting	O
cognitive	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
or	O
disability	O
in	O
activities	O
of	O
daily	O
livings	O
.	O

Post	O
-	O
intensive	O
care	O
syndrome	B-DISO
problems	O
in	O
all	O
three	O
domains	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
only	O
6	O
%	O
at	O
3	O
months	O
and	O
4	O
%	O
at	O
12	O
months	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Versatile	O
Electrochemiluminescence	O
Assays	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
Antibody	B-COMP
Based	O
on	O
Rolling	O
Circle	O
Amplification	B-DISO
and	O
Ru	O
-	O
DNA	O
Nanotags	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
(	O
ECLS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
mainstay	O
of	O
current	O
practice	O
in	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
,	O
circulatory	B-PROC
or	O
cardiac	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
refractory	O
to	O
conventional	O
management	O
.	O

The	O
inherent	O
complexity	O
of	O
different	O
ECLS	O
modes	O
and	O
their	O
influence	O
on	O
the	O
native	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
require	O
patient	O
-	O
specific	O
tailoring	O
to	O
optimize	O
outcome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acetylcholine	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
antagonists	B-CHED
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
outcome	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

While	O
many	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
encode	O
two	O
viroporins	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
CoV	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
encodes	O
three	O
:	O
proteins	B-CHED
3a	O
,	O
E	O
,	O
and	O
8a	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
full	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
length	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
were	O
required	O
for	O
maximal	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
,	O
whereas	O
viroporin	O
8a	O
had	O
only	O
a	O
minor	O
impact	O
on	O
these	O
activities	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Four	O
types	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
variants	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
were	O
detected	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
original	O
US	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
from	O
pig	B-SPEC
fecal	B-ANAT
and	O
oral	B-ANAT
fluid	O
samples	O
collected	O
during	O
2016	O
-	O
2017	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
on	O
coinfection	B-DISO
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
NTD	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
del	I-PRGE
PEDV	I-PRGE
variants	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
original	O
US	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
in	O
US	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
continues	O
to	O
evolve	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
and	O
might	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
disease	O
pattern	O
changes	O
.	O

In	O
an	O
international	O
clinical	O
trial	O
,	O
we	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
patients	O
with	O
very	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
indicated	O
by	O
one	O
of	O
three	O
criteria	O
-	O
a	O
ratio	O
of	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
Pao	B-PROC
At	O
60	O
days	O
,	O
44	O
of	O
124	O
patients	O
(	O
35	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
ECMO	O
group	O
and	O
57	O
of	O
125	O
(	O
46	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
had	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
relative	O
risk	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
76	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
0	O
.	O
55	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
04	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
09	O
).	O

Crossover	O
to	O
ECMO	O
occurred	O
a	O
mean	O
(±	O
SD	O
)	O
of	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
±	O
9	O
.	O
7	O
days	O
after	O
randomization	O
in	O
35	O
patients	O
(	O
28	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
with	O
20	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
(	O
57	O
%)	O
dying	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
frequency	O
of	O
complications	O
did	O
not	O
differ	O
significantly	O
between	O
groups	O
,	O
except	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
more	O
bleeding	B-DISO
events	O
leading	O
to	O
transfusion	O
in	O
the	O
ECMO	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
in	O
46	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
28	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
;	O
absolute	O
risk	O
difference	O
,	O
18	O
percentage	O
points	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
6	O
to	O
30	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
more	O
cases	O
of	O
severe	O
thrombocytopenia	O
(	O
in	O
27	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
16	O
%;	O
absolute	O
risk	O
difference	O
,	O
11	O
percentage	O
points	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
to	O
21	O
)	O
and	O
fewer	O
cases	O
of	O
ischemic	B-DISO
stroke	I-DISO
(	O
in	O
no	O
patients	O
vs	O
.	O
5	O
%;	O
absolute	O
risk	O
difference	O
,	O
-	O
5	O
percentage	O
points	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
-	O
10	O
to	O
-	O
2	O
).	O

Additionally	O
,	O
cyclopropylquinoline	O
derivative	O
IV	O
has	O
shown	O
strong	O
growth	B-PROC
inhibitory	O
activity	O
towards	O
three	O
major	O
cancers	B-DISO
(	O
colon	B-ANAT
,	O
breast	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
leukemia	B-DISO
)	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
and	O
moderate	O
growth	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
shown	O
towards	O
other	O
cancer	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
lines	O
screened	O
.	O

Compounds	O
V	O
and	O
VI	O
were	O
demonstrated	O
viral	O
inhibition	B-PROC
towards	O
Human	B-SPEC
cytomegalovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
whereas	O
cyclopropylquinoline	O
derivative	O
IV	O
towards	O
Rift	B-SPEC
Valley	I-SPEC
fever	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Tacaribe	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
selected	O
human	B-SPEC
genes	O
were	O
enriched	O
for	O
HIV	B-DISO
susceptibility	O
variants	O
(	O
identified	O
through	O
GWAS	O
),	O
providing	O
further	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
ancient	O
humans	B-SPEC
were	O
exposed	O
to	O
lentivirus	B-SPEC
pandemics	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
a	O
low	O
qSOFA	O
score	O
,	O
a	O
moderate	O
qSOFA	O
score	O
was	O
also	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
overall	O
(	O
8	O
%	O
vs	O
3	O
%;	O
difference	O
,	O
5	O
%	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
4	O
%-	O
6	O
%];	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
]),	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
every	O
cohort	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
in	O
2	O
of	O
7	O
cohorts	O
).	O

The	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
induces	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
arrest	I-PROC
at	O
G0	O
/	O
G1	B-PROC
phase	I-PROC
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
while	O
UV	O
-	O
inactivated	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
does	O
not	O
cause	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
arrest	I-PROC
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
p53	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
pathway	B-PROC
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
induced	O
cell	B-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
arrest	I-PROC
and	O
beneficially	O
contributes	O
to	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Metagenomic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
fecal	B-ANAT
virome	O
indicates	O
high	O
diversity	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
infected	O
by	O
porcine	B-SPEC
endemic	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
RNA	O
virome	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
pigs	B-SPEC
using	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
-	O
free	O
metagenomics	O
approach	O
based	O
on	O
next	O
-	O
generation	O
sequencing	O
.	O

An	O
independent	O
laboratory	O
also	O
tested	O
direct	O
skin	B-DISO
irritation	I-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Chlorine	B-CHED
disinfectants	B-CHED
with	O
and	O
without	O
color	O
additive	O
achieved	O
equal	O
levels	O
of	O
efficacy	O
against	O
the	O
tested	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Against	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
,	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
sodium	O
hypochlorite	B-CHED
alone	O
failed	O
disinfection	O
success	O
criteria	O
,	O
whereas	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
sodium	O
hypochlorite	B-CHED
with	O
color	O
additive	O
achieved	O
full	O
viral	O
inactivation	B-DISO
(≥	O
4	O
.	O
50	O
log	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Structural	O
studies	O
related	O
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
process	O
are	O
so	O
limited	O
.	O

The	O
developed	O
RtF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RT	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
LAMP	I-PRGE
assay	O
in	O
our	O
study	O
could	O
support	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
large	O
-	O
scaled	O
epidemiological	O
surveys	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
active	O
surveillance	O
and	O
monitoring	O
programs	O
for	O
effective	O
control	O
of	O
PED	B-PRGE
.	O

Mathematical	O
modeling	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
camel	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
camel	B-SPEC
transmission	O
was	O
lacking	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
plug	O
-	O
and	O
-	O
play	O
likelihood	O
-	O
based	O
inference	O
framework	O
,	O
we	O
fitted	B-DISO
a	O
susceptible	O
-	O
exposed	O
-	O
infectious	B-DISO
-	O
recovered	O
-	O
susceptible	O
model	O
of	O
camels	B-SPEC
to	O
the	O
reported	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
with	O
a	O
constant	O
proportion	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
either	O
25	O
%	O
or	O
12	O
%).	O

We	O
collected	O
107	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
domestic	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
obvious	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
publication	O
processes	O
and	O
evaluated	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
emergency	O
guidelines	O
using	O
AGREE	O
-	O
II	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Early	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
administration	O
is	O
critical	O
in	O
cases	O
of	O
sepsis	O
and	O
severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
is	O
frequently	O
due	O
to	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Treatment	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
esophageal	O
rupture	O
(	O
Boerhaave	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
using	O
thoracoscopic	O
surgery	O
and	O
sivelestat	O
sodium	O
hydrate	O
.	O

The	O
lower	O
left	O
esophageal	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
was	O
perforated	O
in	O
all	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Working	O
experiences	O
of	O
nurses	O
during	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
report	O
four	O
full	O
-	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
bovine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
)	O
isolates	O
from	O
dairy	O
calves	O
in	O
Pennsylvania	O
obtained	O
in	O
2016	O
and	O
2017	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
1379	O
MERS	O
cases	O
recorded	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
321	O
(	O
23	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
cases	O
were	O
linked	O
to	O
hospital	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
out	O
of	O
which	O
203	O
(	O
14	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
cases	O
occurred	O
among	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
2012	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
of	O
January	O
29	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
2	O
,	O
123	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
reported	O
to	O
WHO	O
(	O
WHO	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
https	O
://	O
www	O
.	O
who	O
.	O
int	O
/	O
emergencies	B-DISO
/	O
mers	O
-	O
cov	O
/	O
en	O
/).	O

The	O
high	O
rate	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
specific	O
antibody	B-COMP
seropositivity	O
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
any	O
reported	O
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
cases	O
suggests	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
much	O
to	O
be	O
learned	B-PROC
about	O
the	O
dynamics	O
of	O
camel	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
in	O
parallel	O
silvestrol	B-CHED
affects	O
the	O
activity	O
of	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
major	O
vault	O
protein	B-CHED
(	O
MVP	B-DISO
)	O
by	O
translocation	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
to	O
the	O
perinuclear	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
.	O

We	O
present	O
here	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
five	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
girl	O
,	O
known	O
to	O
have	O
thoracolumbar	O
myelomeningocele	B-DISO
(	O
for	O
which	O
she	O
underwent	O
a	O
surgical	O
procedure	O
in	O
infancy	O
),	O
secondary	O
hydrocephalus	B-DISO
(	O
with	O
a	O
ventriculoperitoneal	O
shunt	O
)	O
and	O
flaccid	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
,	O
who	O
was	O
admitted	O
in	O
our	O
hospital	O
with	O
prolonged	O
fever	B-PROC
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
productive	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
and	O
perioral	O
cyanosis	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
excluding	O
the	O
causes	O
of	O
obstructive	O
apnea	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
CT	O
scan	O
was	O
performed	O
,	O
revealing	O
isolated	O
fourth	B-ANAT
ventricle	I-ANAT
compressing	O
the	O
brainstem	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Could	O
Heme	B-ENZY
Oxygenase	B-PROC
-	O
1	O
Be	O
a	O
New	O
Target	O
for	O
Therapeutic	O
Intervention	O
in	O
Malaria	B-PATH
-	O
Associated	O
Acute	O
Lung	O
Injury	O
/	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
?	O

Rodent	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
show	O
similar	O
clinical	O
signs	O
as	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
when	O
the	O
rodents	B-SPEC
are	O
infected	O
with	O
murine	B-SPEC

With	O
a	O
rapid	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
VNP	O
variants	O
and	O
their	O
potential	O
applications	O
in	O
nanomedicine	O
,	O
the	O
properties	O
they	O
acquire	O
in	O
the	O
bloodstream	B-PROC
need	O
to	O
be	O
investigated	O
.	O

We	O
outline	O
procedures	O
for	O
in	O
vivo	O
screening	O
of	O
VNP	O
fates	O
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
evaluation	O
of	O
efficacy	O
and	O
biocompatibility	O
of	O
different	O
VNP	O
based	O
formulations	O
.	O

Risk	O
-	O
management	O
strategies	O
to	O
reduce	O
transmission	O
to	O
people	O
and	O
other	O
animals	B-SPEC
should	O
focus	O
on	O
sanitation	O
,	O
housing	O
,	O
compliance	O
with	O
preventive	O
care	O
guidelines	O
,	O
periodic	O
surveillance	O
,	O
response	O
to	O
specific	O
enteropathogens	O
,	O
humane	O
population	O
management	O
of	O
free	O
-	O
roaming	O
community	O
cats	B-SPEC
,	O
public	O
health	O
education	O
,	O
and	O
minimizing	O
the	O
duration	O
and	O
number	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
mass	O
confinement	O
.	O

These	O
activated	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
ingested	O
antigen	B-CHED
and	O
migrated	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
enhanced	O
both	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	O
immunity	B-PROC
after	O
heterologous	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Metagenomics	O
detection	O
and	O
characterisation	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
Australian	O
wild	O
birds	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
an	O
optimised	O
metagenomics	O
method	O
for	O
detection	O
and	O
characterisation	O
of	O
all	O
virus	B-SPEC
types	O
including	O
single	O
and	O
double	O
stranded	O
DNA	O
/	O
RNA	O
and	O
enveloped	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

From	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
spiked	O
bird	B-SPEC
samples	O
(	O
Australian	O
Muscovy	B-SPEC
duck	I-SPEC
and	O
Pacific	B-SPEC
black	I-SPEC
ducks	I-SPEC
)	O
we	O
detected	O
21	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
we	O
also	O
present	O
a	O
summary	O
of	O
a	O
few	O
viruses	B-SPEC
detected	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
.	O

We	O
then	O
present	O
a	O
detailed	O
analysis	O
of	O
selected	O
virus	B-SPEC
sequences	O
in	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
samples	O
that	O
were	O
somewhat	O
similar	O
to	O
known	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
had	O
good	O
quality	O
(	O
Q20	O
or	O
higher	O
)	O
and	O
quantity	O
of	O
next	O
-	O
generation	O
sequencing	O
reads	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
of	O
interest	O
from	O
a	O
virological	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
avian	B-PRGE
paramyxovirus	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
.	O

Besides	O
detecting	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
technique	O
also	O
allowed	O
the	O
characterisation	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
mitochondrial	B-COMP
DNA	I-COMP
present	O
and	O
thus	O
identifying	O
host	B-COMP
species	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
ribosomal	B-COMP
RNA	I-COMP
sequences	O
provided	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
""""	O
ribosomal	B-COMP
activity	O
microbiome	O
""";"	O
of	O
gut	B-ANAT
parasites	O
;	O
and	O
of	O
food	O
eaten	O
such	O
as	O
plants	B-SPEC
or	O
insects	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
we	O
correlated	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
avian	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
associated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
norovirus	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Australian	O
cattle	B-SPEC
and	O
suggests	O
that	O
future	O
work	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
significance	O
of	O
these	O
agents	O
as	O
a	O
cause	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
enteric	O
disease	O
in	O
Australia	O
.	O

To	O
detect	O
the	O
geographic	O
origin	O
and	O
timing	O
of	O
USA	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
isolates	O
,	O
we	O
conducted	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
to	O
isolate	O
19	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
from	O
positive	O
samples	O
obtained	O
prior	O
to	O
April	O
2013	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Management	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
comorbid	O
conditions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
Kidney	B-ANAT
Injury	O
in	O
Children	O
With	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
AKI	O
)	O
is	O
common	O
in	O
critically	O
ill	O
children	O
and	O
develops	O
in	O
association	O
with	O
organ	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
)	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
.	O

Among	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
64	O
%	O
had	O
AKI	O
versus	O
46	O
%	O
with	O
mild	O
or	O
no	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
02	O
).	O

CT	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
during	O
that	O
admission	O
revealed	O
mild	O
intralobular	O
and	O
interlobular	O
septal	O
thickening	O
.	O

REGN3051	O
and	O
REGN3048	O
are	O
two	O
fully	O
human	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
mAb	O
)	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
that	O
reduced	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
expressing	O
human	B-SPEC
DPP4	B-PRGE
upon	O
prophylactic	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
treatment	O
.	O

Inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
56	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
mouth	B-ANAT
and	O
nose	B-ANAT
burn	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
30	O
.	O
2	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Underlying	O
trend	O
,	O
seasonality	O
,	O
prediction	O
,	O
forecasting	O
and	O
the	O
contribution	O
of	O
risk	O
factors	O
:	O
an	O
analysis	O
of	O
globally	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
tropism	B-PROC
is	O
predominantly	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spikes	O
and	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
receptors	O
.	O

Further	O
analyses	O
indicated	O
that	O
GRP78	B-PRGE
could	O
not	O
independently	O
render	O
nonpermissive	O
cells	B-COMP
susceptible	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
but	O
could	O
facilitate	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
entry	O
into	O
permissive	O
cells	B-COMP
by	O
augmenting	O
virus	B-SPEC
attachment	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
reveal	O
that	O
a	O
large	O
panel	O
of	O
epithelial	O
functions	O
is	O
modified	O
upon	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
validate	O
MucilAir	O
™	O
as	O
a	O
pertinent	O
tool	O
for	O
pre	O
-	O
clinical	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
testing	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
hypothesizing	O
that	O
ACGs	O
from	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
paniculata	I-SPEC
inhibit	O
progression	O
of	O
ALI	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
the	O
experimental	O
model	O
of	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)-	O
induced	O
ALI	O
in	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
potential	O
of	O
purified	O
ACGs	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
shows	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
ACGs	O
inhibit	O
acute	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
by	O
suppressing	O
activation	O
of	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
/	O
TRPC6	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
in	O
a	O
murine	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
ALI	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
variants	O
,	O
causing	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
neonatal	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
with	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
up	O
to	O
100	O
%,	O
have	O
being	O
epidemic	O
since	O
late	O
2010	O
in	O
china	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
had	O
more	O
impaired	B-DISO
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
than	O
those	O
with	O
no	O
or	O
mild	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
1	O
-	O
year	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
radiological	O
sequelae	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
replicase	O
gene	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
encodes	O
15	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
(	O
nsps	O
).	O

The	O
plasmid	O
was	O
transferred	O
into	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
BL21	B-ANAT
(	O
DE3	O
).	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
recombinant	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
was	O
induced	O
by	O
isopropy1	O
-	O
β	O
-	O
galactopyranoside	O
(	O
IPTG	B-CHED
).	O

After	O
denaturation	B-PROC
and	O
renaturation	O
of	O
inclusion	B-COMP
bodies	I-COMP
,	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
obtained	O
by	O
using	O
purified	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
in	O
immunized	O
female	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
control	O
has	O
a	O
strong	O
impact	O
on	O
poultry	O
farming	O
,	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
necessary	O
epidemiological	O
knowledge	O
for	O
planning	O
the	O
best	O
strategy	O
,	O
the	O
optimal	O
strain	O
association	O
,	O
the	O
priming	O
and	O
boosting	O
interventions	O
.	O

Broiler	O
farming	O
is	O
even	O
more	O
problematic	O
given	O
the	O
short	O
and	O
intense	O
productive	O
cycle	O
,	O
which	O
requires	O
an	O
early	O
onset	O
of	O
protection	O
against	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
threats	O
,	O
possibly	O
with	O
limited	O
respiratory	O
post	O
-	O
vaccination	O
reactions	O
that	O
would	O
have	O
a	O
direct	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
bird	B-SPEC
health	O
and	O
productivity	O
.	O

1	O
/	O
96	O
strain	O
early	O
reached	O
high	O
titers	O
in	O
all	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
B	O
-	O
48	O
presence	O
was	O
less	O
constant	O
even	O
though	O
it	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
almost	O
all	O
birds	B-SPEC
before	O
the	O
trial	O
end	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
encompassed	O
116	O
patients	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
an	O
MICU	O
at	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
centre	O
in	O
Mumbai	O
.	O

We	O
excluded	O
patients	O
with	O
known	O
ischemic	O
heart	B-ANAT
diseases	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
valvular	I-DISO
heart	I-DISO
diseases	O
or	O
in	O
congestive	O
cardiac	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
kidney	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
with	O
fluid	B-DISO
overload	I-DISO
states	O
and	O
age	O
below	O
18	O
years	O
.	O

Sixty	O
patients	O
had	O
severe	O
LIS	B-FUNC
,	O
out	O
of	O
which	O
45	O
(	O
75	O
%)	O
patients	O
expired	O
,	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
56	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
LIS	B-FUNC
out	O
of	O
which	O
22	O
(	O
39	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
expired	O
.	O

Renal	B-ANAT
failure	O
,	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
good	O
predictors	O
of	O
mortality	O
.	O

Accumulating	O
evidence	O
from	O
referral	O
centers	O
suggests	O
improved	O
survival	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
receiving	O
ECMO	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
prone	O
positioning	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
was	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
improve	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
patient	O
synchrony	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Ten	O
of	O
the	O
14	O
patients	O
survived	O
to	O
decanulation	O
from	O
ECMO	O
(	O
71	O
%)	O
and	O
eight	O
of	O
14	O
patients	O
(	O
57	O
%)	O
survived	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
.	O

To	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
lowest	O
mortality	O
rate	O
reported	O
to	O
date	O
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
place	O
on	O
ECMO	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
Unusual	O
Cause	O
of	O
Cauda	B-DISO
Equina	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
Lumbar	B-ANAT
Epidural	B-ANAT
Venous	B-DISO
Engorgement	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
BACKGROUND	O
Epidural	O
venous	B-ANAT
plexus	I-ANAT
(	O
EVP	O
)	O
engorgement	B-DISO
occurs	O
due	O
to	O
many	O
conditions	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
easily	O
misdiagnosed	O
.	O

CASE	O
REPORT	O
A	O
42	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
presented	O
to	O
a	O
rural	O
medical	O
facility	O
with	O
bilateral	O
lower	O
-	O
limb	B-DISO
swelling	I-DISO
and	O
skin	B-ANAT
darkening	O
for	O
2	O
days	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serologic	O
Follow	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Cases	O
and	O
Contacts	O
-	O
Abu	B-CHED
Dhabi	O
,	O
United	O
Arab	O
Emirates	O
.	O

Information	O
on	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
non	O
-	O
severe	O
CAP	B-DISO
cases	O
is	O
scarce	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
essay	O
focuses	O
on	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
),	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
enteropathogenic	O
virus	B-SPEC
related	O
to	O
contagious	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Serotonin	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
critical	O
monoamine	B-CHED
neurotransmitter	B-CHED
molecule	O
stored	O
and	O
released	O
from	O
enterochromaffin	O
(	O
EC	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
into	O
the	O
gut	B-ANAT
submucosa	B-ANAT
,	O
transmitting	O
the	O
vomiting	B-DISO
signal	O
to	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
.	O

Influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
18	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
specimens	O
and	O
any	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
47	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spillover	O
of	O
Swine	B-SPEC
Coronaviruses	O
,	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

A	O
better	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
pathogen	O
emergence	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
better	O
manage	O
,	O
and	O
ultimately	O
prevent	O
,	O
future	O
spillover	O
events	O
from	O
domestic	O
to	O
nondomestic	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pig	B-PRGE
diarrhea	B-DISO
causes	O
high	O
mortality	O
and	O
large	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
swine	O
industry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Establishment	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
from	O
a	O
feline	B-SPEC
histiocytic	B-DISO
sarcoma	I-DISO
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
causes	O
severe	O
economic	O
loss	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
in	O
existence	O
for	O
decades	O
.	O

A	O
panzootic	O
starting	O
in	O
2010	O
renewed	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
universal	O
vaccine	O
toward	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
,	O
drug	B-PROC
resistance	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Malaria	B-PATH
,	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
protozoan	O
parasites	O
of	O
the	O
genus	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
health	O
problem	O
in	O
many	O
countries	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
QY16	O
consists	O
of	O
27	O
,	O
670	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
,	O
excluding	O
poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
tail	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
its	O
genome	O
organization	O
is	O
5	B-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
UTR	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4c	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6b	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
UTR	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
poly	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
tail	O
.	O

Sequence	O
comparison	O
among	O
QY16	O
and	O
other	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
was	O
conducted	O
and	O
its	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
of	O
QY16	O
has	O
the	O
highest	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
identity	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
part	O
of	O
its	O
genome	O
is	O
highly	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
YX10	O
.	O

512	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
receiving	O
non	O
-	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
operation	O
were	O
treated	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
guidelines	O
of	O
""""	O
Surviving	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
Campaign	O
:	O
international	O
guidelines	O
for	O
management	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
:	O
2012	O
"""."	O
EGDT	O
was	O
used	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
resuscitation	O
.	O

The	O
contact	O
-	O
dependent	O
growth	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
toxin	O
CdiA	O
-	O
CT	O

GBF1	B-PRGE
is	O
a	O
guanine	B-PRGE
nucleotide	I-PRGE
exchange	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
for	O
Arf	B-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
members	I-PRGE
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
Arf4	B-PRGE
and	O
Arf5	B-PRGE
(	O
class	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
Arfs	I-PRGE
)	O
as	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HCV	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
GBF1	B-PRGE
-	O
dependent	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Donor	B-CHED
plasma	B-ANAT
with	O
a	O
PRNT	B-PRGE
titre	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
:	O
80	O
demonstrated	O
meaningful	O
serological	O
response	O
after	O
CP	O
infusion	O
,	O
while	O
that	O
with	O
a	O
PRNT	B-PRGE
titre	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
:	O
40	O
did	O
not	O
.	O

ELISA	O
IgG	B-PRGE
predicted	O
neutralization	O
activity	O
of	O
a	O
PRNT	B-PRGE
titre	I-PRGE
≥	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
:	O
80	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
95	O
%	O
specificity	O
at	O
a	O
cutoff	O
optical	O
density	O
(	O
OD	O
)	O
ratio	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
100	O
%	O
specificity	O
at	O
an	O
OD	O
ratio	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
.	O

For	O
effective	O
CP	O
infusion	O
in	O
MERS	O
,	O
donor	B-CHED
plasma	B-ANAT
with	O
a	O
neutralization	O
activity	O
of	O
a	O
PRNT	O
titre	O
≥	O
1	O
:	O
80	O
should	O
be	O
used	O
.	O

ELISA	O
IgG	B-PRGE
could	O
substitute	O
for	O
the	O
neutralization	O
test	O
in	O
resource	O
-	O
limited	O
situations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
reviewed	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NIV	O
)	O
versus	O
high	O
flow	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
(	O
HFNC	O
)	O
oxygen	B-CHED
in	O
adult	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ARF	B-DISO
).	O

We	O
searched	O
major	O
databases	O
and	O
included	O
randomized	O
trials	O
comparing	O
at	O
least	O
NIV	O
with	O
HFNC	O
or	O
NIV	O
+	O
HFNC	O
with	O
NIV	O
in	O
ARF	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
also	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
TCs	B-DISO
on	O
VILI	O
repair	B-PROC
might	O
partially	O
due	O
to	O
vascular	B-PROC
endothelial	B-ANAT
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PROC
(	O
VEGF	B-PROC
)	O
secreted	B-PROC
by	O
TCs	B-DISO
upon	O
VILI	O
stimulation	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
VEGF	O
could	O
induce	O
the	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
hemangioendothelioma	B-DISO
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
EOMA	O
).	O

Sera	B-COMP
were	O
tested	O
for	O
CRCoV	O
antibody	B-COMP
using	O
competitive	O
ELISA	O
and	O
results	O
expressed	B-PROC
as	O
percent	O
of	O
inhibition	B-PROC
(	O
POI	O
).	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
not	O
isolated	O
from	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
tested	O
.	O

The	O
convenience	O
sampling	O
methodology	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
poor	O
match	O
between	O
the	O
populations	O
of	O
diseased	O
and	O
healthy	O
dogs	B-SPEC
in	O
terms	O
of	O
age	O
,	O
breed	B-PROC
and	O
use	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
relatively	O
small	O
sample	O
size	O
precluded	O
inference	O
of	O
any	O
causal	O
relationships	O
between	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
given	O
pathogen	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
disease	O
.	O

Making	O
use	O
of	O
our	O
already	O
described	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
HCoV	O
neuropathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
route	O
of	O
neuropropagation	O
from	O
the	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
to	O
the	O
olfactory	B-ANAT
bulb	I-ANAT
and	O
piriform	B-ANAT
cortex	I-ANAT
and	O
then	O
the	O
brain	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
describe	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
the	O
presence	O
along	O
axons	O
of	O
viral	O
platforms	O
whose	O
static	O
dynamism	O
is	O
reminiscent	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
sites	O
.	O

We	O
further	O
reveal	O
that	O
HCoV	O
OC43	O
modes	O
of	O
propagation	O
can	O
be	O
modulated	O
by	O
selected	O
HCoV	O
OC43	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
axonal	B-PROC
transport	I-PROC
.	O

Elevated	O
levels	O
of	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
CD8	B-PRGE

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
experienced	O
a	O
breakthrough	O
fungal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
Geotrichum	B-SPEC
capitatum	I-SPEC
during	O
empirical	O
therapy	O
with	O
caspofungin	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
68	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
patient	O
with	O
refractory	O
acute	B-DISO
lymphoblastic	I-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
had	O
received	O
umbilical	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
after	O
two	O
courses	O
of	O
induction	O
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
on	O
day	O
25	O
post	O
-	O
transplantation	O
secondary	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
hemophagocytic	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
tract	O
infections	O
(	O
RTIs	O
)	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
over	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
million	O
deaths	B-PROC
per	O
year	O
worldwide	O
with	O
pathobiont	O
carriage	O
a	O
required	O
precursor	O
to	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
presence	O
of	O
six	O
bacterial	O
species	B-SPEC
:	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
influenzae	I-SPEC
,	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
catarrhalis	I-SPEC
,	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
,	O
P	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
aeruginosa	I-SPEC
and	O
N	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
meningitidis	I-SPEC
in	O
addition	O
to	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
A	O
and	O
B	O
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
1	O
-	O
3	O
and	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
was	O
determined	O
using	O
culture	O
and	O
PCR	O
methods	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
investigate	O
whether	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
uses	O
the	O
canonical	O
autophagic	O
signaling	B-PROC
complex	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
the	O
ULK1	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
kinases	I-PRGE
,	O
ATG13	B-PRGE
,	O
RB1CC1	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
ATG101	B-PRGE
,	O
to	O
activate	O
autophagy	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
'	O
(	O
ECs	O
)	O
injury	O
and	O
apoptotic	O
death	B-PROC
are	O
necessary	O
and	O
sufficient	O
for	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
regardless	O
of	O
epithelial	O
damage	O
.	O

Immunoblotting	O
and	O
magnetic	O
beads	O
immunoisolation	O
complemented	O
by	O
standardized	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
and	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
tracking	O
analyses	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
EVs	O
with	O
mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
(	O
MSC	O
)	O
origin	O
(	O
CD73	O
The	O
expression	B-PROC
pattern	O
of	O
Runx1	B-PRGE
isoforms	I-PRGE
might	O
be	O
a	O
reliable	O
circulatory	B-PROC
biomarker	B-CHED
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
activity	O
and	O
a	O
novel	O
determinant	O
of	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanism	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
/	O
tissue	B-PROC
repair	I-PROC
and	O
recovery	O
after	O
severe	O
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Factors	O
associated	O
with	O
severity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
at	O
a	O
regional	O
hospital	O
in	O
northern	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

The	O
only	O
independent	O
predictor	O
for	O
severe	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
was	O
shock	O
(	O
OR	O
14	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
2	O
.	O
97	O
-	O
73	O
.	O
59	O
).	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
6	O
patients	O
)	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
55	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
fatal	O
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
swine	B-SPEC
acute	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
that	O
causes	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
southern	O
China	O
in	O
2017	O
.	O

Samples	O
from	O
749	O
patients	O
with	O
suspected	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
who	O
presented	O
to	O
Johns	O
Hopkins	O
Aramco	O
Healthcare	O
facilities	O
in	O
the	O
Eastern	O
Province	O
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
were	O
tested	O
reflexively	O
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
2009	O
by	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
using	O
the	O
RealTime	O
ready	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
/	O
H1N1	O
Detection	O
Set	O
for	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
may	O
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
Ras	B-PRGE
Tanura	I-PRGE
city	O
between	O
April	O
2015	O
and	O
February	O
2016	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
),	O
a	O
newly	O
discovered	O
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
is	O
a	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
severe	O
clinical	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
pathological	O
damage	O
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
cyt	B-PRGE
c	I-PRGE
release	B-PATH
was	O
completely	O
abrogated	O
in	O
PDCoV	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
CsA	B-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
critical	O
role	O
of	O
MPTP	B-PRGE
in	O
intrinsic	B-PROC
apoptosis	I-PROC
in	O
response	O
to	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Viral	O
interference	O
between	O
low	O
pathogenic	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
H9N2	O
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
viruses	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
super	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
second	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
either	O
AIV	O
or	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
induced	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
first	O
inoculated	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
It	O
appears	O
that	O
either	O
AIV	O
or	O
IBV	B-SPEC
has	O
a	O
negative	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
virus	B-SPEC
growth	B-PROC
when	O
they	O
are	O
inoculated	O
simultaneously	O
or	O
sequentially	O
.	O

Acute	O
alcohol	O
exposure	O
stimulates	O
the	O
beating	O
of	O
the	O
cilia	B-COMP
of	O
mucociliary	O
epithelium	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
but	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
chronic	O
ethanol	B-CHED
over	O
-	O
exposure	O
are	O
different	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
progressive	O
desensitization	B-PROC
of	O
ciliary	O
response	O
:	O
ethanol	B-CHED
exposure	O
reduces	O
airway	B-ANAT
mucociliary	O
clearance	O
.	O

Chronic	O
alcohol	O
exposure	O
alters	O
the	O
adaptative	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
pathogens	O
(	O
decreasing	O
the	O
phagocytic	O
function	O
of	O
macrophages	O
)	O
and	O
leads	O
to	O
an	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
(	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
).	O

Respiratory	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
is	O
impaired	B-DISO
by	O
alcohol	O
misuse	O
:	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
infections	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
are	O
more	O
frequent	O
and	O
severe	O
.	O

To	O
assess	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
IL1RA	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
polymorphism	O
on	O
serum	B-COMP
levels	O
of	O
IL1RA	B-PRGE
and	O
with	O
AO	O
in	O
children	O
under	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
WHO	O
-	O
defined	O
severe	O
CAP	B-DISO
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
space	O
-	O
time	O
permutation	O
and	O
multinomial	O
models	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
spatial	O
and	O
spatial	O
-	O
temporal	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
various	O
genotypes	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

When	O
comparing	O
the	O
space	O
-	O
time	O
permutation	O
and	O
multinomial	O
models	O
against	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
spatial	O
and	O
temporal	O
overlap	O
in	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
statistically	O
significant	O
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
statistically	O
significant	O
clusters	B-CHED
were	O
mapped	O
and	O
layered	B-ANAT
on	O
a	O
hot	O
-	O
spot	B-SPEC
analysis	O
of	O
commercial	O
poultry	O
farm	O
density	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
qualitatively	O
assess	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
farm	O
density	O
and	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
conformational	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
was	O
predicted	O
from	O
a	O
homologous	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
spike	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
report	O
describing	O
IBV	B-SPEC
spike	O
S2	O
epitopes	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
proximity	O
of	O
the	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
spike	O
fusion	O
machinery	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
may	O
differ	O
from	O
that	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
,	O
alternatively	O
,	O
IBV	B-SPEC
may	O
have	O
another	O
mechanism	O
to	O
penetrate	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
dietary	O
yeast	B-SPEC
nucleotides	B-CHED
supplementation	O
on	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
barrier	O
function	O
,	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
microbiota	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
humoral	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
in	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Yeast	B-SPEC
nucleotides	B-CHED
are	O
a	O
fine	O
functional	O
additive	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

All	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
intranasally	O
with	O
inactivated	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
at	O
day	O
1	O
and	O
day	O
10	O
.	O

At	O
day	O
10	O
,	O
17	O
,	O
24	O
,	O
31	O
,	O
38	O
,	O
and	O
45	O
,	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
IBV	B-SPEC
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
were	O
tested	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
dietary	O
yeast	B-SPEC
nucleotides	B-CHED
supplementation	O
can	O
also	O
promote	O
the	O
intestinal	B-PROC
development	B-PROC
and	O
barrier	O
-	O
related	O
genes	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
diversity	O
and	O
richness	O
of	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
microbiota	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
genus	B-SPEC

Nanobodies	O
(	O
Nbs	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
single	O
-	O
domain	O
antibodies	B-COMP
derived	O
from	O
camelids	O
and	O
sharks	B-SPEC
and	O
are	O
potentially	O
cost	O
-	O
effective	O
antivirals	B-CHED
with	O
small	O
size	O
and	O
great	O
expression	B-PROC
yield	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
a	O
novel	O
neutralizing	O
Nb	O
(	O
NbMS10	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
Fc	O
-	O
fused	O
version	O
(	O
NbMS10	O
-	O
Fc	O
),	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
target	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
domain	I-PRGE
(	O
RBD	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
represents	O
an	O
important	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
accompanied	O
by	O
lethal	O
outcome	O
in	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
patients	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
,	O
tissues	B-ANAT
of	O
eight	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
receiving	O
inoculation	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
after	O
recombinant	O
Modified	O
-	O
Vaccinia	B-DISO
-	O
Virus	B-SPEC
-	O
Ankara	O
(	O
MVA	B-CHED
-	O
S	O
)-	O
vaccination	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
4	O
),	O
MVA	B-CHED
-	O
vaccination	O
(	O
mock	O
vaccination	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
PBS	B-DISO
application	O
(	O
mock	O
vaccination	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
),	O
respectively	O
,	O
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

A	O
higher	O
IAH	B-FUNC
grade	O
was	O
more	O
likely	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
AP	O
(	O
42	O
per	O
cent	O
for	O
grade	O
I	O
versus	O
84	O
per	O
cent	O
for	O
grade	O
IV	O
)	O
and	O
acute	O
critical	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
(	O
9	O
versus	O
25	O
per	O
cent	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
·	O
001	O
).	O

IAH	B-FUNC
predicted	O
shock	O
(	O
area	O
under	O
receiver	O
operating	O
characteristic	O
(	O
ROC	O
)	O
curve	O
(	O
AUC	O
)	O
0	O
·	O
79	O
,	O
95	O
per	O
cent	O
c	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	I-SPEC
Diarrhea	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Deltacoronavirus	O
not	O
Detected	O
in	O
Waterfowl	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
North	O
American	O
Mississippi	O
Migratory	O
Bird	O
Flyway	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
studies	O
reporting	O
organelle	B-COMP
dynamics	O
upon	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
scant	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Splenic	B-ANAT
rupture	O
from	O
babesiosis	B-DISO
,	O
an	O
emerging	O
concern	O
?	O

Undoubtedly	O
,	O
more	O
research	O
on	O
the	O
gut	B-ANAT
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
crosstalk	B-PROC
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
identify	O
causal	O
relationships	O
between	O
the	O
altered	O
microbiome	O
,	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lead	O
Molecule	O
Prediction	O
and	O
Characterization	O
for	O
Designing	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
Protease	B-CHED
Inhibitors	I-CHED
:	O
An	O
In	O
silico	O
Approach	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Endocan	O
is	O
a	O
circulating	O
proteoglycan	B-CHED
measured	O
at	O
high	O
blood	B-ANAT
levels	O
during	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
a	O
likely	O
lung	B-ANAT
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
function	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Health	O
care	O
utilization	O
and	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
posttraumatic	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
care	O
.	O

The	O
relationship	O
between	O
posttraumatic	O
ARDS	B-DISO
severity	O
and	O
financial	O
burden	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
previously	O
studied	O
.	O

Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
13	O
%	O
(	O
203	O
of	O
1	O
,	O
586	O
).	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
posttraumatic	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
health	O
care	O
costs	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	O
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
first	O
isolated	O
in	O
2012	O
from	O
patients	O
that	O
died	B-PROC
from	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
appropriate	O
animal	B-SPEC
model	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
intervening	O
measures	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Variables	O
were	O
examined	O
for	O
associations	O
with	O
causes	O
of	O
pleural	B-DISO
effusion	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
chest	B-ANAT
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
showed	O
bilateral	O
infiltration	B-DISO
.	O

Tracheal	B-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
culture	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
culture	O
showed	O
bacterial	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
Cupriavidus	B-SPEC
pauculus	I-SPEC
.	O

A	O
74	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
,	O
with	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
advanced	O
stage	B-DISO
melanoma	I-DISO
and	O
treatment	O
with	O
ipilimumab	O
,	O
pembrolizumab	O
and	O
nivolumab	O
,	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
due	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
dyspnoea	B-DISO
.	O

Computed	O
tomographic	O
imaging	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
showed	O
signs	O
of	O
a	O
pneumonitis	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
an	O
ARDS	B-DISO
pattern	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
PD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
hypoxemic	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
that	O
may	O
complicate	O
lung	B-ANAT
resections	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Better	O
horizontal	O
transmission	O
of	O
a	O
US	O
non	O
-	O
InDel	B-PROC
strain	O
compared	O
with	O
a	O
French	O
InDel	B-PROC
strain	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhoea	O
virus	O
.	O

In	O
2014	O
,	O
a	O
PED	O
outbreak	O
occurred	O
in	O
a	O
pig	B-SPEC
farm	O
in	O
France	O
,	O
from	O
which	O
an	O
InDel	B-PROC
strain	O
was	O
isolated	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
InDel	B-PROC
strain	O
was	O
less	O
pathogenic	O
than	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
InDel	B-PROC
strain	O
in	O
our	O
experimental	O
conditions	O
.	O

For	O
conserved	O
genes	O
like	O
the	O
nucleoprotein	O
gene	O
,	O
longer	O
k	O
-	O
mers	O
than	O
mono	B-DISO
-	O
and	O
dinucleotides	B-CHED
are	O
needed	O
to	O
better	O
distinguish	O
the	O
sequences	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tuberculous	O
(	O
TB	O
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
can	O
induce	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Although	O
TB	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
causes	O
of	O
disease	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
among	O
children	O
worldwide	O
,	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
TB	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
limited	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
targeted	B-PROC
these	O
pathways	B-PROC
using	O
siRNA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dietary	O
inclusion	O
of	O
mushroom	B-SPEC
(	O
Flammulina	B-SPEC
velutipes	I-SPEC
)	O
stem	B-ANAT
waste	O
on	O
growth	B-PROC
performance	O
and	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
growing	O
layer	B-ANAT
hens	O
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
Flammulina	B-SPEC
velutipes	I-SPEC
mushroom	B-SPEC
waste	O
(	O
FVW	O
)	O
on	O
performance	O
,	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
serum	B-COMP
immunity	B-PROC
in	O
growing	O
layer	B-ANAT
hens	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
IgM	B-PRGE
was	O
higher	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
4	O
%	O
and	O
6	O
%	O
FVW	O
groups	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
and	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
groups	O
for	O
both	O
experimental	O
periods	B-PROC
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
cytokine	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
2	O
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
concentrations	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
4	O
%	O
and	O
6	O
%	O
FVW	O
grousp	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
and	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
groups	O
;	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
FVW	O
groups	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
;	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
6	O
%	O
FVW	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
and	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
groups	O
.	O

FVW	O
at	O
the	O
6	O
%	O
level	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
phytogenic	O
feed	O
stuff	O
in	O
growing	O
layer	B-ANAT
hen	O
rations	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
improving	O
the	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
without	O
affecting	O
normal	O
weight	O
gain	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
cytokine	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
2	O
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
concentrations	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
4	O
%	O
and	O
6	O
%	O
FVW	O
grousp	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
and	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
groups	O
;	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
4	I-FUNC
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
FVW	O
groups	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
;	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
6	O
%	O
FVW	O
group	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
and	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
groups	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hypervirulent	O
Klebsiella	O
pneumoniae	O
(	O
hvKp	O
)	O
has	O
emerged	O
as	O
a	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
liver	B-DISO
abscess	I-DISO
and	O
disseminated	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
Far	O
East	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
,	O
clinical	O
features	O
and	O
microbiological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
hvKp	O
infections	B-DISO
were	O
investigated	O
through	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
year	O
survey	O
conducted	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
French	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Over	O
a	O
53	O
-	O
month	O
period	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
59	O
infections	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
K	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
were	O
identified	O
including	O
26	O
community	O
-	O
onset	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
hvKp	O
represent	O
a	O
potentially	O
underestimated	O
cause	O
of	O
fatal	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
Western	O
world	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
mortality	O
approaches	O
that	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
myocardial	I-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
and	O
exceeds	O
deaths	B-PROC
from	O
stroke	B-DISO
.	O

Neonates	O
and	O
the	O
elderly	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
vulner	O
-	O
able	O
patients	O
,	O
with	O
these	O
groups	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
highest	O
sepsis	B-DISO
mortality	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
analyses	O
both	O
new	O
advances	O
in	O
understanding	O
the	O
septic	O
mechanism	O
and	O
possible	O
resolutions	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
Decision	O
provides	O
a	O
context	O
for	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
which	O
aims	O
to	O
identify	O
good	O
practices	O
and	O
lessons	O
learned	B-PROC
in	O
preparedness	O
and	O
response	O
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
(	O
in	O
UK	O
,	O
Greece	O
,	O
and	O
Spain	O
)	O
and	O
poliomyelitis	B-DISO
(	O
in	O
Poland	O
and	O
Cyprus	O
).	O

Previously	O
,	O
groups	O
had	O
targeted	B-PROC
conserved	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
strategy	O
to	O
generate	O
live	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
against	O
current	O
and	O
future	O
CoVs	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
,	O
an	O
NSP16	O
mutant	B-DISO
vaccine	O
was	O
evaluated	O
for	O
protection	O
from	O
heterologous	O
challenge	O
,	O
efficacy	O
in	O
the	O
aging	B-PROC
host	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
potential	O
for	O
reversion	O
to	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
combining	O
a	O
2	B-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
O	I-PRGE
MTase	I-PRGE
mutation	O
with	O
a	O
previously	O
described	O
CoV	O
fidelity	O
mutant	O
produced	O
a	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
capable	O
of	O
protection	O
from	O
heterologous	O
virus	B-SPEC
challenge	O
,	O
efficacy	O
in	O
aged	O
mice	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
no	O
evidence	O
for	O
reversion	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
Leukemia	I-DISO
Virus	I-SPEC
(	O
FeLV	B-SPEC
)	O
Disease	O
Outcomes	O
in	O
a	O
Domestic	B-SPEC
Cat	I-SPEC
Breeding	B-PROC
Colony	O
:	O
Relationship	O
to	O
Endogenous	O
FeLV	O
and	O
Other	O
Chronic	O
Viral	B-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
HA	O
activation	O
by	O
the	O
TMPRSS11A	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
enzymes	I-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
airway	B-ANAT
tryptase	B-ENZY
and	O
DESC1	B-PRGE
,	O
but	O
not	O
TMPRSS11A	B-PRGE
itself	O
,	O
is	O
blocked	O
by	O
the	O
cellular	B-PRGE
serine	B-CHED
protease	I-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
hepatocyte	O
growth	B-PROC
factor	O
activator	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
type	O
-	O
1	O
(	O
HAI	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhaled	B-PROC
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
mitigates	O
need	O
for	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
refractory	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	O
failure	O
due	O
to	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
shunts	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
present	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
refractory	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
with	O
concomitant	O
large	O
intra	O
-	O
atrial	B-ANAT
shunt	O
(	O
IAS	O
)	O
and	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
regurgitation	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
Saethre	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Chotzen	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
with	O
prior	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
homograft	O
placement	O
.	O

Nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
has	O
not	O
demonstrated	O
any	O
statistically	O
significant	O
effect	O
on	O
mortality	O
and	O
only	O
reported	O
to	O
transiently	O
improved	O
oxygenation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
were	O
compared	O
with	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
,	O
yeast	B-SPEC
and	O
human	O
’	O
s	O
codon	O
usage	O
frequency	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
complex	O
inflammatory	O
process	O
with	O
multifactorial	O
etiologies	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
outcome	O
was	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
mild	O
,	O
moderate	O
,	O
or	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Two	O
thousand	O
two	O
hundred	O
and	O
seventy	O
-	O
two	O
patients	O
who	O
did	O
not	O
develop	O
ARDS	B-DISO
served	O
as	O
controls	O
.	O

Worsening	O
severity	O
of	O
disease	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
and	O
volume	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
.	O

The	O
epidemiological	O
situation	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
in	O
2014	O
was	O
unknown	O
and	O
a	O
seroprevalence	O
study	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
was	O
performed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Susceptibility	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
to	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
and	O
serum	O
cytokine	O
responses	O
of	O
gnotobiotic	O
pigs	B-SPEC
to	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
-	O
passaged	O
PDCoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
porcine	B-SPEC
small	B-ANAT
intestinal	I-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
line	O
,	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
,	O
is	O
useful	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
interactions	O
of	O
enterocytes	B-ANAT
with	O
enteric	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
classical	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
deletions	O
and	O
frequently	O
occurring	O
mutations	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
receptor	O
binding	O
domains	O
of	O
our	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
the	O
virulence	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
new	O
mutants	O
may	O
be	O
changed	O
,	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
LY4	O
-	O
98	O
strain	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
multiple	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
signal	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
encoding	O
fragment	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
showed	O
delayed	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
and	O
smaller	O
plaque	B-DISO
size	O
compared	O
with	O
strain	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
LA1	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
lacks	O
these	O
mutations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
contagious	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
infecting	O
pigs	B-SPEC
that	O
leads	O
to	O
significant	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
an	O
effective	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
vaccine	O
against	O
the	O
currently	O
prevalent	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
is	O
not	O
available	O
.	O

Since	O
its	O
first	O
description	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
undergone	O
intensive	O
research	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
decades	O
to	O
understand	O
its	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
therapies	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
produce	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
baculovirus	B-SPEC
system	O
to	O
use	O
in	O
ELISA	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
enable	O
the	O
assessment	O
of	O
the	O
sero	O
-	O
prevalence	O
and	O
risk	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
in	O
Turkey	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
this	O
chapter	O
,	O
two	O
mouse	B-SPEC
models	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
are	O
defined	O
.	O

Methods	O
for	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
preparation	O
of	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
are	O
provided	O
as	O
methods	O
to	O
assess	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
and	O
injury	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Influence	O
of	O
Clinical	O
Factors	O
and	O
Exclusion	O
Criteria	O
on	O
Mortality	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
Observational	O
Studies	O
and	O
Randomized	O
Controlled	O
Trials	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
has	O
higher	O
mortality	O
rates	O
in	O
observational	O
studies	O
compared	O
to	O
RCTs	O
.	O

Less	O
stringent	O
selection	O
criteria	O
could	O
thereby	O
contribute	O
to	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
observational	O
studies	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
RCTs	O
strictly	O
adhere	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
strategies	O
,	O
while	O
ARDS	B-DISO
observational	O
studies	O
continually	O
demonstrate	O
variable	O
compliance	O
.	O

This	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
recurrent	O
occurrence	O
of	O
tachycardia	O
,	O
hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
diaphoresis	B-DISO
,	O
tachypnea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
occasionally	O
high	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
dystonic	O
postures	O
.	O

Fat	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
rare	O
but	O
serious	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
long	B-ANAT
bone	I-ANAT
fractures	O
.	O

Neurologic	B-DISO
signs	I-DISO
,	O
petechial	O
hemorrhages	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
constitute	O
the	O
characteristic	O
presenting	O
triad	B-COMP
.	O

This	O
mechanism	O
provides	O
a	O
valuable	O
addition	O
for	O
the	O
combined	O
use	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Most	O
observation	O
of	O
human	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
carriage	O
is	O
derived	O
from	O
medical	O
surveillance	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
infections	B-DISO
documented	O
by	O
this	O
surveillance	O
represent	O
only	O
a	O
symptomatic	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
infected	O
population	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Identification	O
and	O
Characterzation	O
of	O
the	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	I-SPEC
Diarrhea	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
Isolates	O
].	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
have	O
more	O
resources	O
into	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
,	O
this	O
article	O
summarizes	O
the	O
current	O
some	O
candidate	O
vaccine	O
of	O
MERS	O
research	O
progress	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
that	O
could	O
trigger	O
a	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
security	O
problems	O
ahead	O
.	O

A	O
multiple	O
linear	O
regression	O
model	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
investigate	O
associations	O
between	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
education	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
reported	O
hand	O
-	O
washing	O
behaviors	B-PROC
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
respiratory	O
disease	O
was	O
mild	O
and	O
transient	O
,	O
resolving	O
by	O
day	O
30	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
most	O
frequent	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
88	O
;	O
32	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
55	O
;	O
20	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
n	O
=	O
36	O
;	O
13	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cyclophilins	O
and	O
cyclophilin	B-PROC
inhibitors	B-CHED
in	O
nidovirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
summarizes	O
our	O
current	O
understanding	O
of	O
this	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
nidovirus	B-SPEC
-	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
potential	O
function	O
of	O
in	O
particular	O
CypA	B-PRGE
and	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
Cyp	B-PRGE
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Proficiency	O
testing	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
demonstrates	O
global	O
capacity	O
to	O
detect	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
reported	O
case	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
was	O
identified	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
in	O
September	O
2012	O
,	O
since	O
which	O
time	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
over	O
2000	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
,	O
including	O
750	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
27	O
countries	O
.	O

Retrospective	O
observational	O
study	O
from	O
January	O
1992	O
to	O
December	O
2004	O
and	O
prospective	O
study	O
from	O
January	O
2005	O
to	O
December	O
2015	O
were	O
conducted	O
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
children	O
'	O
s	O
hospital	O
PICU	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
data	O
analyzed	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
patient	O
,	O
event	O
,	O
type	O
of	O
resuscitation	O
performed	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
situation	O
after	O
resuscitation	O
and	O
at	O
arrival	O
to	O
the	O
PICU	B-SPEC
;	O
results	O
of	O
additional	O
tests	O
;	O
and	O
clinical	O
evolution	B-PROC
and	O
neurological	O
status	O
at	O
discharge	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
PICU	B-SPEC
(	O
categorized	O
as	O
death	B-PROC
,	O
severe	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
normal	O
).	O

The	O
considered	O
potential	O
prognostic	O
factors	O
were	O
whether	O
drowning	O
was	O
witnessed	O
,	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
initial	O
resuscitation	O
,	O
Glasgow	O
Coma	B-DISO
Scale	O
score	O
at	O
admission	O
,	O
pupil	B-ANAT
status	O
and	O
reactivity	O
,	O
and	O
pH	O
.	O
One	O
hundred	O
thirty	O
-	O
one	O
patients	O
were	O
registered	O
.	O

The	O
need	O
for	O
advanced	O
CPR	B-ENZY
with	O
epinephrine	B-CHED
administration	O
on	O
the	O
scene	O
predicts	O
poor	O
neurological	O
outcome	O
(	O
severe	O
encephalopathy	B-DISO
or	O
death	B-PROC
)	O
in	O
drowned	O
children	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
S2	O
Subunit	O
of	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
Beaudette	O
Is	O
a	O
Determinant	O
of	O
Cellular	B-PROC
Tropism	B-PROC
.	O

Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Spike	O
Protein	B-CHED
Is	O
Not	O
Activated	O
Directly	O
by	O
Cellular	B-ANAT
Furin	B-ENZY
during	O
Viral	O
Entry	O
into	O
Target	B-ANAT
Cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Tissue	B-ANAT
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
matrix	B-PRGE
metalloproteinase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
TIMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
regulator	O
of	O
matrix	B-PRGE
metalloproteinase	I-PRGE
activity	O
,	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
hence	O
has	O
plausibility	O
as	O
a	O
biomarker	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
systemic	O
response	O
to	O
TBI	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
of	O
182	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
isolated	O
TBI	O
,	O
we	O
measured	O
TIMP	O
-	O
3	O
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
obtained	O
on	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
arrival	O
.	O

TIMP	B-PRGE
-	O
3	O
may	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
biology	O
of	O
the	O
systemic	O
response	O
to	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Along	O
with	O
clinical	O
and	O
demographic	O
data	O
,	O
early	O
measurements	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
biomarkers	O
such	O
as	O
TIMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
may	O
help	O
identify	O
patients	O
at	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
death	B-PROC
after	O
severe	O
isolated	O
TBI	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
CD81	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
network	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
five	O
proteins	B-CHED
which	O
are	O
HCV	B-SPEC
entry	O
factors	O
or	O
facilitators	O
including	O
epidermal	B-PRGE
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
EGFR	B-FUNC
).	O

Notably	O
,	O
we	O
discovered	O
calpain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
(	O
CAPN5	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
the	O
ubiquitin	B-PRGE
ligase	I-PRGE
Casitas	O
B	O
-	O
lineage	O
lymphoma	B-DISO
proto	O
-	O
oncogene	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
(	O
CBLB	B-PRGE
)	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
complex	O
with	O
CD81	B-PRGE
and	O
support	O
HCV	B-SPEC
entry	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
sporozoites	O
relied	O
on	O
a	O
distinct	O
set	O
of	O
CD81	O
interaction	O
partners	O
for	O
liver	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
entry	O
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
a	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuver	O
and	O
decremental	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
titration	O
on	O
cardiac	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
combination	O
therapy	O
with	O
ET	O
and	O
PSL	O
that	O
targets	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
has	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
attenuate	O
fatal	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Perhaps	O
more	O
importantly	O
,	O
acidified	O
autophagosomes	O
(	O
known	O
as	O
amphisomes	O
)	O
provide	O
havens	O
for	O
maturation	O
of	O
new	O
viral	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
into	O
infectious	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
back	B-ANAT
-	O
to	O
-	O
back	B-ANAT
papers	O
recently	O
published	O
in	O
Cell	B-COMP
Reports	O
,	O
our	O
labs	O
investigated	O
a	O
basic	O
question	O
:	O
if	O
picornavirus	B-SPEC
particles	O
are	O
maturing	O
inside	O
amphisomes	O
,	O
then	O
how	O
are	O
they	O
avoiding	O
the	O
typical	O
degradative	O
fate	O
of	O
autophagic	O
cargo	O
and	O
exiting	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
intact	O
?	O

The	O
current	O
work	O
emphasizes	O
on	O
the	O
discovery	O
process	O
of	O
the	O
chalcone	O
in	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
2016	O
to	O
2017	O
on	O
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
trypanosomiasis	B-DISO
,	O
leishmaniasis	B-PATH
,	O
filaria	B-SPEC
,	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
netamodes	O
,	O
Human	B-DISO
Immunodeficiency	I-DISO
Virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
),	O
Tobacco	B-SPEC
Mosaic	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
(	O
TMV	B-SPEC
),	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
miscellaneous	O
conditions	O
.	O

To	O
assess	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
RDS	O
without	O
other	O
co	O
-	O
factors	O
,	O
we	O
excluded	O
from	O
the	O
study	O
children	O
with	O
congenital	B-DISO
malformations	I-DISO
,	O
genetic	O
and	O
metabolic	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
;	O
intracranial	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
,	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
hyperbilirubinemia	B-DISO
,	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
congenital	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
family	B-SPEC
with	O
drug	O
or	O
alcohol	B-DISO
addiction	I-DISO
,	O
severe	O
mental	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
,	O
parents	O
younger	O
than	O
17	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
baby	O
'	O
s	O
birth	O
.	O

The	O
antiviral	B-CHED
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
profile	O
in	O
HEK	O
-	O
293	O
cells	B-COMP
was	O
determined	O
by	O
PCR	O
array	O
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
genes	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
and	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
was	O
also	O
downregulated	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
structural	O
or	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

Both	O
structural	O
and	O
accessory	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
able	O
to	O
inhibit	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
elements	O
in	O
HEK	O
-	O
293	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
to	O
block	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
different	O
antiviral	B-CHED
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
retrospective	O
cohort	O
(	O
2007	O
-	O
2014	O
)	O
of	O
children	O
≤	O
18	O
years	O
old	O
from	O
the	O
American	O
College	O
of	O
Surgeons	O
National	O
Trauma	O
Data	O
Bank	O
(	O
NTDB	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
incidence	O
,	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
and	O
outcomes	O
related	O
to	O
PT	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
adjustment	O
for	O
age	O
,	O
injury	O
complexity	O
,	O
injury	O
mechanism	O
,	O
and	O
physiologic	O
variables	O
,	O
PT	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
higher	O
mortality	O
(	O
adjusted	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
33	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
18	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
51	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
causes	O
substantial	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
worldwide	O
and	O
remains	O
an	O
important	O
threat	O
to	O
global	O
health	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
conducted	O
by	O
Taiwan	O
Severe	O
Influenza	B-DISO
Research	O
Consortium	O
(	O
TSIRC	O
),	O
including	O
eight	O
tertiary	O
referral	O
medical	O
centers	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
263	O
patients	O
with	O
complicated	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
who	O
fulfilled	O
ARDS	B-DISO
criteria	O
;	O
the	O
mean	O
age	O
was	O
59	O
.	O
8	O
±	O
14	O
.	O
6	O
(	O
years	O
),	O
and	O
66	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
166	O
/	O
263	O
)	O
were	O
male	O
.	O

Type	O
A	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
77	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
205	O
/	O
263	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
main	O
pathogen	O
during	O
this	O
epidemic	O
.	O

Cardiac	B-ANAT
glycosides	B-CHED
not	O
only	O
inhibit	O
the	O
pump	O
function	O
of	O
Na	B-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
K	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ATPase	I-PRGE
but	O
also	O
activate	O
intracellular	B-PROC
signal	B-PROC
transduction	I-PROC
pathways	I-PROC
,	O
which	O
are	O
important	O
in	O
many	O
biological	B-PROC
processes	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmission	O
of	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Utah	B-PRGE
BIG	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
LoVE	I-PRGE
families	I-PRGE
:	O
Consequences	O
of	O
age	O
and	O
household	O
structure	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Acquisition	O
of	O
HRV	O
was	O
less	O
probable	O
in	O
older	O
individuals	O
and	O
those	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
higher	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
proportion	O
of	O
other	O
household	O
members	O
infected	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
management	O
of	O
acute	O
chlorine	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
is	O
largely	O
empirical	O
,	O
supportive	O
,	O
and	O
sometimes	O
challenging	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Time	O
-	O
calibrated	O
phylogenomics	O
of	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
:	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
spatio	O
-	O
temporal	O
dynamics	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Periodic	O
Fluctuation	B-DISO
of	O
Tidal	O
Volumes	O
Further	O
Improves	O
Variable	O
Ventilation	O
in	O
Experimental	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Impacts	O
on	O
Health	O
,	O
Society	O
,	O
and	O
Economy	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
H7N9	O
Outbreaks	O
in	O
China	O
:	O
A	O
Case	O
Comparison	O
Study	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characteristics	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
ill	B-DISO
critical	O
patients	O
with	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
infection	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
further	O
trace	O
PDCoV	O
in	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
2011	O
to	O
2015	O
,	O
an	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
antibodies	O
against	O
PDCoV	O
.	O
The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
279	O
of	O
1	O
,	O
039	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
positive	O
for	O
the	O
PDCoV	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
implying	O
that	O
PDCoV	O
might	O
have	O
existed	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
before	O
2011	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
all	O
,	O
55	O
pig	B-SPEC
fecal	B-ANAT
,	O
49	O
pig	B-SPEC
oral	B-ANAT
or	O
water	B-CHED
,	O
45	O
bioaerosol	O
,	O
and	O
78	O
worker	O
nasal	B-ANAT
wash	O
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
across	O
16	O
sites	O
.	O

In	O
Georgia	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
activity	O
occurred	O
mainly	O
from	O
December	O
through	O
March	O
in	O
all	O
seasons	O
,	O
with	O
varying	O
peak	O
weeks	O
and	O
predominating	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Around	O
one	O
third	O
of	O
ILI	O
/	O
SARI	O
cases	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
antigenically	O
and	O
genetically	O
distinct	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
seasons	O
.	O

Then	O
,	O
rice	B-SPEC
hulls	O
treated	O
with	O
10	O
%	O
MCFA	B-CHED
were	O
mixed	O
and	O
discharged	O
through	O
a	O
production	O
scale	O
mixer	O
and	O
bucket	O
elevator	O
following	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
feed	O
.	O

No	O
rice	B-SPEC
hull	O
flush	B-DISO
or	O
feed	O
samples	O
from	O
the	O
mixer	O
following	O
chemically	O
treated	O
rice	B-SPEC
hull	O
flush	B-DISO
had	O
detectible	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
.	O

Dust	O
collected	O
following	O
mixing	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
contaminated	O
feed	O
had	O
detectable	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
(	O
Ct	O
=	O
29	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
and	O
was	O
infectious	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
cardenolide	O
ouabain	B-CHED
suppresses	O
coronaviral	O
replication	O
via	O
augmenting	O
a	O
Na	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cardenolides	O
are	O
plant	O
-	O
derived	O
toxic	O
substances	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
complications	O
after	O
reperfusion	O
therapy	O
for	O
acute	O
major	O
vessel	B-ANAT
occlusion	B-DISO
are	O
not	O
well	O
described	O
.	O

Emergent	O
hematoma	B-DISO
evacuation	O
and	O
clipping	O
were	O
performed	O
.	O

Computed	O
tomography	O
performed	O
immediately	O
postoperatively	O
(	O
within	O
6	O
hours	O
after	O
preoperative	O
computed	O
tomography	O
)	O
showed	O
severe	O
left	B-ANAT
brain	I-ANAT
swelling	O
with	O
midline	B-COMP
shift	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Six	O
years	O
have	O
passed	O
since	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
a	O
newly	O
emerging	O
infectious	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
was	O
first	O
reported	O
in	O
2012	O
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
MERS	O
vaccines	O
under	O
development	B-PROC
are	O
based	O
on	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
including	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
S	O
,	O
S1	O
,	O
and	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	O
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
European	O
Virus	O
Archive	O
(	O
EVA	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
created	O
in	O
2008	O
with	O
funding	O
from	O
the	O
FP7	O
-	O
EU	O
Infrastructure	O
Programme	O
,	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
coordinated	O
and	O
readily	O
accessible	O
collection	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
could	O
be	O
made	O
available	O
to	O
academia	O
,	O
public	O
health	O
organisations	O
and	O
industry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immune	B-PROC
Responses	I-PROC
to	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
During	O
the	O
Acute	O
and	O
Convalescent	O
Phases	O
of	O
Human	O
Infection	B-DISO
.	O

Distinctively	O
high	O
frequencies	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
CD8	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
were	O
also	O
observed	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
/	O
moderate	O
illness	O
,	O
whereas	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
CD4	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
were	O
minimally	O
detected	O
at	O
this	O
stage	O
.	O

While	O
CD8	B-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
cells	O
responded	O
preferentially	O
to	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
compared	O
with	O
E	O
/	O
M	O
/	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
especially	O
at	O
the	O
acute	O
stage	O
,	O
slightly	O
more	O
CD4	O
+	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
recognized	O
E	O
/	O
M	O
/	O
N	O
proteins	B-CHED
compared	O
with	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
at	O
the	O
convalescent	O
phase	O
.	O

Despite	O
extensive	O
studies	O
performed	O
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
several	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
contribution	O
of	O
an	O
accessory	O
protein	B-CHED
ORF3	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
is	O
still	O
largely	O
unknown	O
.	O

In	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
ORF3	O
was	O
predominantly	O
localized	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
,	O
partially	O
in	O
the	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
(	O
ER	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Golgi	B-COMP
apparatus	I-COMP
(	O
Golgi	B-COMP
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
the	O
543	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
pneumonectomy	O
,	O
89	O
(	O
16	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
needed	O
reintubation	O
within	O
the	O
30th	O
postoperative	O
day	O
,	O
including	O
60	O
(	O
11	O
%)	O
who	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
European	O
populations	O
of	O
free	O
-	O
living	O
wildcats	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
exposed	O
to	O
cat	B-SPEC
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Herd	O
level	O
estimation	O
of	O
probability	O
of	O
disease	O
freedom	O
applied	O
on	O
the	O
Norwegian	O
control	O
program	O
for	O
bovine	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
freedom	O
(	O
PostPFree	O
)	O
from	O
BRSV	B-SPEC
and	O
BCV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
over	O
time	O
by	O
use	O
of	O
bulk	O
tank	O
milk	O
(	O
BTM	O
)	O
antibody	B-COMP
-	O
testing	O
,	O
geographic	O
information	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
movement	B-PROC
data	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
validate	O
the	O
herd	O
-	O
level	O
estimates	O
against	O
subsequent	O
BTM	O
testing	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reverse	O
Genetics	O
for	O
Type	O
I	O
Feline	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Field	O
Isolate	O

To	O
Study	O
the	O
Molecular	O
Pathogenesis	B-PROC
of	O
Feline	B-DISO
Infectious	I-DISO
Peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
infects	O
domestic	O
fowl	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
causing	O
serious	O
losses	O
in	O
unprotected	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Intracranial	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
with	O
the	O
neurotropic	O
JHM	O
strain	O
of	O
mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
JHMV	O
)	O
results	O
in	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
demyelination	B-DISO
and	O
axonopathy	O
,	O
making	O
this	O
an	O
excellent	O
model	O
to	O
interrogate	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
potential	O
of	O
stem	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
derivatives	O
in	O
evoking	O
remyelination	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
review	O
provides	O
a	O
succinct	O
overview	O
of	O
our	O
recent	O
findings	O
using	O
intraspinal	O
injection	O
of	O
mouse	B-SPEC
CNS	B-CHED
neural	O
progenitor	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
human	B-SPEC
neural	O
precursors	O
into	O
JHMV	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Identification	O
of	O
the	O
HIV	O
-	O
1	O
Maturation	B-PROC
Inhibitor	O
4	O
-((	O
1	O
R	O
,	O
3a	O
S	O
,	O
5a	O
R	O
,	O
5b	O
R	O
,	O
7a	O
R	O
,	O
11a	O
S	O
,	O
11b	O
R	O
,	O
13a	O
R	O
,	O
13b	O
R	O
)-	O
3a	O
-((	O
2	O
-(	O
1	O
,	O
1	O
-	O
Dioxidothiomorpholino	O
)	O
ethyl	B-CHED
)	O
amino	O
)-	O
5a	O
,	O
5b	O
,	O
8	O
,	O
8	O
,	O
11a	O
-	O
pentamethyl	O
-	O
1	O
-(	O
prop	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
1	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
en	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
2	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
yl	I-CHED
)-	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
3a	O
,	O
4	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
5a	O
,	O
5b	O
,	O
6	O
,	O
7	O
,	O
7a	O
,	O
8	O
,	O
11	O
,	O
11a	O
,	O
11b	O
,	O
12	O
,	O
13	O
,	O
13a	O
,	O
13b	O
-	O
octadecahydro	O
-	O
1	O
H	O
-	O
cyclopenta	O
[	O
a	O
]	O
chrysen	B-CHED
-	O
9	O
-	O
yl	O
)	O
benzoic	B-CHED
Acid	I-CHED
(	O
GSK3532795	O
,	O
BMS	O
-	O
955176	O
).	O

The	O
careful	O
design	O
,	O
selection	O
,	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
substituents	O
appended	O
to	O
the	O
C	O
-	O
3	O
and	O
C	O
-	O
17	O
positions	O
of	O
the	O
natural	B-CHED
product	I-CHED
betulinic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
3	O
)	O
was	O
critical	O
in	O
attaining	O
a	O
molecule	O
with	O
the	O
desired	O
virological	O
and	O
pharmacokinetic	O
profile	O
.	O

These	O
modifications	O
ultimately	O
enabled	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
1	O
as	O
a	O
second	O
-	O
generation	O
MI	O
that	O
combines	O
broad	O
coverage	O
of	O
polymorphic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
EC	O

Exposures	O
to	O
ozone	B-CHED
,	O
nitrogen	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
,	O
sulfur	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
,	O
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
particulate	O
matter	O
less	O
than	O
2	O
.	O
5	O
μm	O
were	O
assessed	O
by	O
weighted	O
averages	O
of	O
daily	O
levels	O
from	O
all	O
monitors	B-SPEC
within	O
50	O
km	O
of	O
the	O
geocoded	O
location	O
of	O
a	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
residence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
Stress	B-COMP
Granule	I-COMP
Formation	B-PROC
by	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
4a	O
Accessory	O
Protein	O
Facilitates	O
Viral	O
Translation	B-PROC
,	O
Leading	O
to	O
Efficient	O
Virus	B-PROC
Replication	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
main	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
are	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
chills	B-DISO
,	O
generalized	O
myalgia	B-DISO
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
,	O
nausea	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
vomiting	I-DISO
and	I-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
.	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
global	O
health	O
concern	O
,	O
affected	O
people	O
in	O
27	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
various	O
continents	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
global	O
prevalence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
from	O
June	O
2012	O
to	O
April	O
2018	O
is	O
2206	O
people	O
.	O

The	O
age	O
-	O
allied	O
prevalence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
highest	O
amongst	O
elderly	O
people	O
with	O
chronic	O
debilitating	O
diseases	O
such	O
as	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
end	O
-	O
stage	O
renal	B-ANAT
illness	O
,	O
diabetes	B-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
and	O
malignancy	B-DISO
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
were	O
immunized	O
intranasally	O
with	O
the	O
inactivated	O
split	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
A	O
/	O
Shanghai	O
/	O
02	O
/	O
2013	O
)	O
vaccine	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
JY	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Vaccination	O
programs	O
against	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
Egypt	O
depend	O
on	O
both	O
classical	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
imported	O
variant	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
vaccines	O
.	O

The	O
att	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IBM41	I-PRGE
and	O
att	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IB2	I-PRGE
vaccines	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
shedding	O
of	O
the	O
challenge	O
at	O
3	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
DPI	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
no	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
was	O
detected	O
in	O
both	O
vaccinated	O
groups	O
by	O
5	O
DPI	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
chemokines	O
capable	O
of	O
recruiting	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
including	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
/	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
natural	B-ANAT
killer	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
granulocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
,	O
was	O
also	O
increased	O
following	O
HBD	B-DISO
2	O
-	O
conjugated	O
S	O
RBD	O
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
G2b	O
Taiwan	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
Pintung	O
52	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
PT	O
)	O
strain	O
and	O
its	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
tropism	B-PROC
by	O
evaluating	O
the	O
pathological	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
original	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
PT	O
infected	O
field	O
piglet	O
and	O
orally	B-ANAT
inoculation	O
of	O
either	O
10	O
,	O
10	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
Epidemic	O
Diarrhoea	O
Virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
,	O
dehydration	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
among	O
suckling	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

During	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
in	O
438	O
farms	O
located	O
mainly	O
in	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
density	O
pig	B-SPEC
production	O
area	O
in	O
Northern	O
Italy	O
.	O

Most	O
of	O
the	O
outbreaks	O
were	O
in	O
farrow	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
finish	O
,	O
farrow	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
wean	B-PROC
and	O
finisher	O
farms	O
.	O

A	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
a	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
OH851	O
S	O
-	O
INDEL	B-PROC
strain	O
isolated	O
in	O
the	O
USA	O
in	O
January	O
2014	O
,	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
Italy	O
in	O
2015	O
and	O
2016	O
.	O

Also	O
,	O
PEEP	B-CHED
values	O
were	O
constantly	O
increased	O
during	O
surgery	O
[	O
ε	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
252	O
,	O
F	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
766	O
,	O
5	O
.	O
297	O
)=	O
9	O
.	O
994	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
017	O
],	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
values	O
being	O
observed	O
towards	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
procedure	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
rNDV	O
expressing	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
provided	O
better	O
protection	O
than	O
the	O
rNDV	O
expressing	O
S1	O
or	O
S2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
the	O
best	O
protective	O
antigen	B-CHED
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

Immunization	O
of	O
4	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
SPF	B-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
with	O
the	O
rNDV	O
expressing	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
elicited	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
provided	O
complete	O
protection	O
against	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
and	O
virulent	O
NDV	B-SPEC
challenges	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
evaluate	O
outcomes	O
in	O
MICU	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
treated	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
(	O
NPPV	O
)	O
and	O
identify	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
NPPV	O
failure	O
(	O
need	O
for	O
intubation	O
).	O

A	O
series	O
of	O
novel	O
2	O
-	O
thiazolyl	O
substituted	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
dihydro	O
-	O
1H	O
-	O
naphtho	O
[	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
-	O
e	O
][	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
]	O
oxazine	O
derivatives	O
were	O
designed	O
and	O
synthesized	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
from	O
2	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
naphthol	I-CHED
,	O
substituted	O
thiazolyl	O
amines	B-CHED
and	O
formalin	B-CHED
through	O
ring	O
closure	O
by	O
one	O
-	O
pot	B-DISO
three	O
component	O
reaction	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
feed	O
batch	O
sequencing	O
methods	O
could	O
minimize	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
cross	O
-	O
contamination	O
.	O

Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
free	O
swine	B-SPEC
feed	O
was	O
manufactured	O
to	O
represent	O
the	O
negative	O
control	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
4	O
sequence	O
batches	O
(	O
sequence	O
1	O
to	O
4	O
)	O
were	O
formed	O
by	O
adding	O
a	O
50	O
kg	O
batch	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
negative	O
feed	O
to	O
the	O
mixer	O
after	O
the	O
prior	O
batch	O
was	O
mixed	O
and	O
conveyed	O
;	O
all	O
sequences	O
were	O
mixed	O
,	O
conveyed	O
,	O
and	O
sampled	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
negative	O
and	O
positive	O
control	O
batches	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
camel	B-SPEC
/	O
human	B-SPEC
chimeric	O
HCAbs	O
-	O
composed	O
of	O
the	O
camel	B-SPEC
VHH	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
human	B-PRGE
Fc	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
lacking	O
the	O
CH1	B-PRGE
exon	O
-	O
had	O
an	O
extended	O
half	O
-	O
life	O
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
protected	O
mice	B-SPEC
against	O
a	O
lethal	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
challenge	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
since	O
September	O
2012	O
.	O

It	O
leads	O
to	O
significant	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
co	O
-	O
morbidities	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Many	O
patients	O
had	O
underlying	O
co	O
-	O
morbidities	O
,	O
including	O
diabetes	B-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
(	O
51	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
hypertension	B-DISO
(	O
46	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
and	O
chronic	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
21	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cryo	O
-	O
EM	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
in	O
complex	O
with	O
its	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
receptor	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
.	O

Disassociation	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
from	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
prefusion	O
spikes	O
was	O
observed	O
and	O
characterized	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
receptor	O
opens	O
up	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
S1	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
promote	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
and	O
S1	O
monomers	O
from	O
the	O
prefusion	O
spike	O
and	O
trigger	O
the	O
pre	O
-	O
to	O
postfusion	O
conformational	O
transition	B-DISO
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
recombination	B-PROC
analysis	O
indicated	O
that	O
GII	O
-	O
c	O
viruses	B-SPEC
evolved	O
from	O
a	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
acquired	O
the	O
5	O
'	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
from	O
the	O
GI	O
-	O
a	O
subgroup	O
and	O
the	O
remaining	O
genomic	O
regions	O
from	O
the	O
GII	O
-	O
a	O
subgroup	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chemokine	O
CXCL10	O
and	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
Induced	O
Neurologic	O
Disease	O
.	O

Functional	O
studies	O
that	O
have	O
blocked	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
either	O
CXCL10	B-PRGE
or	O
CXCR3	B-PRGE
illuminate	O
the	O
important	O
role	O
of	O
this	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
in	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
and	O
neurodegeneration	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
viral	O
-	O
induced	O
neurologic	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Adaptive	O
Evolution	B-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
to	O
Species	B-SPEC
Variation	O
in	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
likely	O
originated	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
passed	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
through	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
genetic	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
adaptation	B-PROC
remain	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
suppresses	O
host	B-PRGE
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
in	O
expressed	B-PROC
cells	B-COMP
by	O
inhibiting	O
translation	B-PROC
and	O
inducing	O
endonucleolytic	O
cleavage	B-PROC
of	O
host	B-COMP
mRNAs	O
,	O
the	O
latter	O
of	O
which	O
leads	O
to	O
mRNA	B-PROC
decay	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
examined	O
the	O
biological	O
functions	O
of	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
in	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
its	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
by	O
using	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
two	O
mutant	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
specific	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
;	O
one	O
mutant	B-DISO
lacked	O
both	O
biological	O
functions	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
other	O
lacked	O
the	O
RNA	O
cleavage	B-PROC
function	O
but	O
retained	O
the	O
translation	B-PROC
inhibition	B-PROC
function	O
.	O

In	O
293	O
-	O
derived	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
three	O
viruses	B-SPEC
accumulated	O
similar	O
levels	O
of	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
and	O
major	O
viral	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
did	O
not	O
induce	O

We	O
used	O
latent	O
class	B-SPEC
analysis	O
to	O
identify	O
patients	O
with	O
distinct	O
MMP	B-CHED
profiles	O
and	O
then	O
associated	O
those	O
profiles	O
with	O
markers	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
(	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1RA	I-FUNC
,	O
-	O
6	O
,	O
-	O
8	O
,	O
-	O
10	O
,	O
and	O
-	O
18	O
;	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
inflammatory	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
1α	O
and	O
-	O
1β	O
;	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
-	O
R2	O
),	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
angiopoietin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
von	B-PRGE
Willebrand	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
,	O
soluble	O
thrombomodulin	B-PRGE
),	O
impaired	B-DISO
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
Pa	O
In	O
geographically	O
distinct	O
derivation	O
and	O
validation	O
cohorts	O
,	O
approximately	O
one	O
-	O
third	O
of	O
patients	O
demonstrated	O
an	O
MMP	O
profile	O
characterized	O
by	O
elevated	O
MMP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
7	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
tissue	B-ANAT
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	I-PRGE
metalloproteinase	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
-	O
2	O
;	O
and	O
depressed	O
active	O
and	O
total	O
MMP	B-CHED
-	O
9	O
.	O

Pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
have	O
specific	O
plasma	B-ANAT
MMP	B-CHED
profiles	O
associated	O
with	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
morbidity	O
,	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

MMPs	O
may	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathobiology	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
Predominantly	O
Leuco	O
-	O
and	O
Thrombocytopenic	O
Haematologic	O
/	O
Oncologic	O
Patients	O
with	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Distress	O
Syndrome	O
-	O
a	O
Single	O
-	O
Centre	O
Experience	O
.	O

All	O
but	O
9	O
/	O
3	O
patients	O
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
leuco	O
-/	O
thrombocytopenia	O
due	O
to	O
anti	O
-	O
cancer	B-DISO
treatment	O
or	O
underlying	O
disease	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
17	O
patients	O
(	O
68	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
on	O
ECMO	O
,	O
whereas	O
5	O
patients	O
survived	O
to	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
(	O
20	O
%).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
25	O
patients	O
,	O
11	O
of	O
whom	O
underwent	O
haematopoietic	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
(	O
SCT	B-DISO
),	O
were	O
analysed	O
.	O

At	O
last	O
,	O
we	O
discussed	O
the	O
breakthrough	O
on	O
vaccine	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
development	B-PROC
which	O
are	O
important	O
against	O
potential	O
future	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
system	O
for	O
detection	O
of	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
antigens	B-CHED
against	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
MAbs	O
were	O
induced	O
with	O
the	O
recombinant	O
S	O
protein	O
and	O
RBD	O
and	O
used	O
for	O
sandwich	O
ELISA	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
determine	O
risk	O
factors	O
identifiable	O
at	O
hospital	O
arrival	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
development	B-PROC
among	O
critically	O
injured	O
children	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Veno	O
-	O
venous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
lifesaving	O
therapy	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Over	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
,	O
we	O
studied	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
transported	O
to	O
our	O
department	O
by	O
our	O
mobile	O
ECMO	O
team	O
for	O
further	O
treatment	O
after	O
ECMO	O
had	O
already	O
been	O
initiated	O
at	O
the	O
referring	O
hospital	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
six	O
patients	O
(	O
35	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
in	O
our	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
therapy	O
refractory	O
course	O
,	O
comorbidities	O
or	O
limitation	O
of	O
therapy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pertussis	B-PATH
is	O
a	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protein	B-CHED
kinase	I-ENZY
R	I-PRGE
-	O
like	O
endoplasmatic	B-PRGE
reticulum	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
mediator	O
of	O
stretch	O
in	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	O
injury	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
infectivity	O
of	O
scIAV	O
-	O
S	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
degree	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
adaptation	B-PROC
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
S	O
.	O
Intriguingly	O
,	O
scIAV	O
-	O
S	O
lacking	O
functional	O
neuraminidase	B-PRGE
(	O
NA	O
)	O
exhibited	O
substantially	O
higher	O
infectivity	O
,	O
suggesting	O
a	O
pivotal	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
sialic	O
acid	O
in	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
/	O
entry	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
from	O
different	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
children	O
presenting	O
with	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
(	O
ILI	O
).	O

After	O
controlling	O
for	O
potential	O
confounders	O
(	O
age	O
,	O
sex	O
,	O
recruitment	B-DISO
site	O
,	O
days	O
from	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
to	O
enrollment	O
,	O
and	O
underlying	O
illnesses	O
),	O
children	O
with	O
RSV	B-SPEC
and	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
showed	O
a	O
greater	O
likelihood	O
of	O
hospitalization	O
than	O
those	O
infected	O
by	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
OR	O
2	O
.	O
7	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
respectively	O
),	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
OR	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
respectively	O
),	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
OR	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
respectively	O
),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
4	O
.	O
6	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
respectively	O
),	O
and	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
6	O
.	O
3	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

Coronaviral	O
proteases	O
,	O
including	O
main	O
proteases	O
and	O
papain	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
,	O
are	O
ideal	O
antiviral	B-CHED
targets	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
essential	O
roles	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
maturation	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Single	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
antibody	I-PRGE
(	O
sdAb	O
)	O
or	O
nanobody	O
possesses	B-DISO
specific	O
features	O
non	O
-	O
accessible	O
for	O
conventional	O
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
make	O
them	O
suitable	O
for	O
research	O
and	O
biotechnological	O
applications	O
.	O

Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
lethal	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
piglets	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
great	O
economic	O
losses	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

The	O
selected	O
sdAb	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Mcs	I-PRGE
were	O
solubly	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Numerous	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
mostly	O
in	O
mixed	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
worldwide	O
with	O
poult	O
enteritis	B-DISO
complex	O
(	O
PEC	O
).	O

In	O
2008	O
a	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
Fr	O
-	O
TCoV	O
080385d	O
)	O
was	O
isolated	O
in	O
France	O
from	O
turkey	B-SPEC
poults	O
exhibiting	O
clinical	O
signs	O
compatible	O
with	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
2012	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
called	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
on	O
a	O
weekly	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
H9N2	O
,	O
NDV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
from	O
all	O
chicken	B-SPEC
groups	O
.	O

rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
results	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
titration	O
in	O
ECEs	O
revealed	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
H9N2	B-PRGE
AIV	I-PRGE
titer	O
with	O
extension	O
in	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
in	O
Groups	O
1	O
and	O
5	O
.	O

The	O
humoral	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
H9N2	B-PRGE
AIV	I-PRGE
,	O
NDV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
revealed	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
H9N2	O
AIV	O
titer	O
in	O
Groups	O
1	O
and	O
5	O
,	O
NDV	B-SPEC
titer	O
showed	O
a	O
significant	O
increase	O
in	O
Group	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
titer	O
increased	O
in	O
Groups	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
5	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
passenger	O
environment	O
of	O
a	O
major	O
airport	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
identify	O
risk	O
points	O
and	O
guide	O
measures	O
to	O
minimize	O
transmission	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
10	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
findings	O
at	O
various	O
sites	O
,	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
identified	O
were	O
:	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
4	O
/	O
10	O
,	O
40	O
%,	O
from	O
surfaces	O
);	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
3	O
/	O
10	O
,	O
30	O
%,	O
from	O
surfaces	O
);	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
2	O
/	O
10	O
,	O
20	O
%,	O
1	O
air	B-CHED
sample	O
,	O
1	O
surface	O
sample	O
);	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
1	O
/	O
10	O
,	O
10	O
%,	O
surface	O
sample	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
History	O
conflict	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
formulary	O
medicine	B-CHED
:	O
a	O
threat	O
for	O
anaesthesiologist	O
in	O
low	O
and	O
middle	O
-	O
income	O
countries	O
.	O

He	O
was	O
taking	O
complementary	O
medicine	B-CHED
for	O
last	O
2	O
years	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
none	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
infected	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
bacterial	O
cultures	O
showed	O
evidence	O
of	O
normal	O
flora	O
growth	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
performed	O
an	O
extensive	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
published	O
evidence	O
and	O
propose	O
a	O
management	O
strategy	O
for	O
acute	O
complications	O
of	O
targeted	B-PROC
therapy	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
cancer	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
main	O
other	O
side	O
effects	O
are	O
Steven	O
-	O
Johnson	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
necrotizing	B-DISO
fasciitis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
anaphylactic	B-DISO
reactions	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
data	O
suggested	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
inhibited	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
virions	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
could	O
work	O
as	O
a	O
tool	O
to	O
find	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domains	O
.	O

Several	O
lipoglycopeptides	O
were	O
also	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
active	O
against	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

The	O
genetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
congenital	B-DISO
myasthenic	I-DISO
syndromes	I-DISO
provide	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
ultrastructural	O
underlying	O
mechanisms	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
valuable	O
for	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
specific	O
treatments	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
HPV	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
external	B-ANAT
genitalia	I-ANAT
in	O
men	O
whose	O
female	O
partners	O
have	O
cervical	B-ANAT
HPV	O
infection	B-DISO
].	O

We	O
collected	O
the	O
relevant	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
male	O
outpatients	O
whose	O
partners	O
had	O
cervical	B-ANAT
HPV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
our	O
Department	O
of	O
Urology	O
and	O
Andrology	O
from	O
August	O
to	O
December	O
2016	O
.	O

Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
recorded	O
in	O
30	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
accounting	O
for	O
66	O
.	O
7	O
%.	O

Assay	O
specificity	O
was	O
accomplished	O
by	O
targeting	B-PROC
conserved	O
genomic	O
regions	O
for	O
each	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
(	O
LDH	B-PRGE
)	O
>	O
246	O
IU	O
/	O
L	O
[	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
)	O
=	O
7	O
.	O
06	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
):	O
2	O
.	O
15	O
-	O
23	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
],	O
and	O
serum	B-COMP
calcium	B-CHED
<	O
2	O
.	O
18	O
mmol	O
/	O
L	O
(	O
OR	O
=	O
6	O
.	O
67	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
42	O
-	O
31	O
.	O
3	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
016	O
)	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
caused	O
huge	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
-	O
breeding	B-PROC
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
details	O
of	O
how	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
low	O
pH	O
affect	O
virus	B-SPEC
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
are	O
not	O
determined	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
proteases	O
are	O
unknown	O
.	O

In	O
252	O
live	O
deliveries	O
,	O
identification	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
vigorous	O
neonates	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
suction	O
,	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
PPV	B-CHED
increased	O
by	O
21	O
%,	O
25	O
%,	O
and	O
23	O
%	O
respectively	O
(	O
all	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
between	O
weeks	O
1	O
-	O
3	O
and	O
4	O
-	O
8	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
221	O
patients	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
among	O
whom	O
34	O
(	O
15	O
%)	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
within	O
7	O
days	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
these	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
may	O
deliver	O
cargo	O
and	O
selectively	O
transduce	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
the	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
such	O
as	O
ciliated	O
cells	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
by	O
inserting	O
into	O
lysosomal	B-ANAT
membranes	B-ANAT
SARS	B-PRGE
3a	I-PRGE
triggers	O
lysosomal	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
dysfunction	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
clinical	O
condition	B-DISO
marked	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
dysregulated	O
inflammation	B-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
we	O
evaluated	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
sitagliptin	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
in	O
wide	O
clinical	O
use	O
,	O
on	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
and	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
lung	B-ANAT
ECs	O
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

Other	O
considerations	O
include	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
cyanide	B-CHED
,	O
carbon	B-CHED
monoxide	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
fire	O
suppressants	O
.	O

Management	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
includes	O
early	O
airway	B-ANAT
management	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilator	O
strategies	O
,	O
aggressive	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
toilet	O
,	O
and	O
avoidance	O
of	O
volume	B-DISO
overload	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
discovery	O
of	O
cpsRNAs	O
has	O
paved	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
find	O
novel	O
markers	O
for	O
pathogen	O
detection	O
and	O
to	O
reveal	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
underlying	O
infection	O
or	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
from	O
a	O
different	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
HRG	B-PRGE
suppressed	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
inducible	O
nitric	B-PRGE
oxide	I-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
and	O
myeloperoxidase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggested	O
that	O
HRG	O
ameliorated	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
HRG	B-PRGE
suppressed	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
inducible	O
nitric	B-PRGE
oxide	I-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-PRGE
elastase	I-PRGE
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
and	O
myeloperoxidase	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
De	O
Novo	O
Design	O
of	O
α	O
-	O
Helical	O
Lipopeptides	B-CHED
Targeting	B-PROC
Viral	O
Fusion	O
Proteins	B-CHED
:	O
A	O
Promising	O
Strategy	O
for	O
Relatively	O
Broad	O
-	O
Spectrum	O
Antiviral	O
Drug	O
Discovery	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
vaccinated	O
and	O
challenged	O
birds	B-SPEC
had	O
significantly	O
less	O
challenge	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
an	O
important	O
measure	O
of	O
protection	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
non	O
-	O
vaccinated	O
and	O
challenged	O
controls	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
While	O
general	O
medical	O
practitioners	O
(	O
GPs	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
veterinarians	O
are	O
often	O
the	O
first	O
line	O
responders	O
in	O
the	O
face	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
,	O
pathways	B-PROC
to	O
improving	O
the	O
One	O
Health	O
efficacy	O
of	O
these	O
clinicians	O
remain	O
unclear	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
second	O
phase	O
the	O
expert	O
panel	O
identified	O
general	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
clinical	O
aspects	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
aspects	O
of	O
zoonoses	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
risk	O
management	O
practices	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
KAPs	O
and	O
research	O
priorities	O
for	O
both	O
GPs	B-DISO
and	O
veterinarians	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
suggests	O
that	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
considered	O
two	O
indications	O
for	O
pre	O
-	O
hospital	O
ultrasound	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
improve	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
patient	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
overall	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
fusion	O
core	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
MERS	O
and	O
HCoV	O
-	O
NL63	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
packing	O
of	O
its	O
3HR1	O
core	O
differs	O
from	O
those	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
MERS	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
contains	O
more	O
noncanonical	O
`	O
x	O
'	O
and	O
`	O
da	O
'	O
layers	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Positive	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
viruses	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
induce	O
cellular	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
rearrangements	O
during	O
replication	O
to	O
form	O
replication	O
organelles	B-COMP
allowing	O
for	O
efficient	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
.	O

Children	O
and	O
adult	O
patients	O
attending	O
Keur	O
Socé	O
health	O
post	O
for	O
signs	O
suggestive	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
enrolled	O
after	O
providing	O
inform	O
consent	O
.	O

Paired	O
nose	B-ANAT
and	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
collected	O
for	O
pathogen	O
detection	O
.	O

This	O
could	O
be	O
explained	O
by	O
an	O
HFO	O
-	O
induced	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
(	O
RV	O
)	O
dysfunction	O
/	O
failure	O
due	O
to	O
high	O
intrathoracic	O
pressures	O
and	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
.	O

Forty	O
-	O
two	O
patients	O
(	O
89	O
%)	O
had	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
was	O
severe	O
in	O
86	O
%,	O
with	O
a	O
rate	O
of	O
17	O
%	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
/	O
47	O
)	O
of	O
extra	O
-	O
corporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
requirement	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Routine	O
testing	O
of	O
breeding	B-PROC
herd	O
oral	B-ANAT
fluid	O
(	O
OF	O
)	O
samples	O
for	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
/	O
or	O
IgA	B-PRGE
is	O
used	O
to	O
track	O
levels	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
immunity	B-PROC
over	O
time	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
OFs	O
contain	O
particles	O
of	O
feed	O
,	O
feces	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
inorganic	O
material	O
that	O
detract	O
from	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
the	O
sample	O
.	O

We	O
clarified	O
swine	B-SPEC
OF	O
samples	O
using	O
lyophilized	O
chitosan	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
formulas	O
(	O
A	O
-	O
C	O
)	O
tested	O
by	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
ELISAs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
After	O
Uterine	B-ANAT
Artery	I-ANAT
Embolization	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterizing	O
replication	O
kinetics	O
and	O
plaque	B-DISO
production	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	O
in	O
three	O
feline	B-SPEC
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
architecture	O
pattern	O
of	O
villi	O
presented	O
columnar	O
and	O
cuboidal	O
poorly	O
differentiated	O
enterocytes	B-ANAT
with	O
mild	O
subepithelial	O
edema	B-DISO
.	O

Microscopic	O
examination	O
of	O
brain	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
revealed	O
diffuse	O
gliosis	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
pia	O
matter	O
with	O
mild	O
congestion	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
meningeal	O
and	O
parenchymal	O
vessels	B-ANAT
and	O
neuronal	O
degeneration	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Oral	B-ANAT
immunization	O
with	O
a	O
novel	O
attenuated	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
Gallinarum	O
encoding	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
induces	O
protective	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
against	O
fowl	B-DISO
typhoid	I-DISO
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
exploited	O
a	O
live	O
attenuated	O
SG	O
mutant	B-DISO
,	O
JOL967	O
,	O
to	O
deliver	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
1	O
of	O
IB	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
V	O
)	O
to	O
elicit	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
against	O
both	O
FT	O
and	O
IB	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Visitors	O
can	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interplay	O
between	O
the	O
Poly	O
(	O
A	O
)	O
Tail	O
,	O
Poly	O
(	O
A	O
)-	O
Binding	B-FUNC
Protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Nucleocapsid	B-COMP
Protein	B-CHED
Regulates	O
Gene	B-PROC
Expression	I-PROC
of	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
Host	B-COMP
Cell	I-COMP
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
using	O
pathogenic	O
tests	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
reproduce	O
and	O
cause	O
disease	O
in	O
suckling	O
rats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
further	O
studies	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
virus	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
like	I-ANAT
particles	I-ANAT
can	O
be	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
brains	B-ANAT
of	O
suckling	O
rats	B-SPEC
by	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
.	O

Over	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
years	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ECMO	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
children	O
.	O

Low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
remains	O
the	O
predominant	O
mainstay	O
of	O
the	O
ventilatory	O
strategy	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

High	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
,	O
application	O
of	O
recruitment	B-DISO
maneuvers	O
,	O
higher	O
PEEP	B-CHED
,	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
alternate	O
modes	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
have	O
failed	O
to	O
show	O
benefit	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
advances	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
over	O
the	O
past	O
decade	O
.	O

Wild	O
Poliovirus	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
eliminated	O
from	O
all	O
but	O
three	O
countries	O
(	O
Afghanistan	O
,	O
Nigeria	O
,	O
and	O
Pakistan	O
)	O
and	O
currently	O
is	O
the	O
focus	O
of	O
a	O
major	O
eradication	O
program	O
.	O

Indeed	O
,	O
an	O
important	O
recent	O
study	O
(	O
Stanaway	O
and	O
others	O
2015	O
)	O
found	O
that	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
led	O
to	O
an	O
estimated	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
million	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
1990	O
(	O
including	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
-	O
caused	O
deaths	B-PROC
from	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
and	O
liver	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
).	O

Compared	O
with	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
to	O
treat	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
relatively	O
few	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
have	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
treat	O
these	O
emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
global	O
increase	O
in	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
-	O
resistant	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
includes	O
a	O
small	O
but	O
growing	O
number	O
that	O
are	O
resistant	O
to	O
most	O
or	O
essentially	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
available	O
antimicrobials	B-CHED
.	O

Spectacular	O
progress	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
in	O
reducing	O
mortality	O
from	O
most	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
table	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
).	O

Hence	O
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
will	O
remain	O
a	O
major	O
threat	O
to	O
humankind	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
LMICs	O
,	O
requiring	O
vigilance	O
,	O
surveillance	O
,	O
and	O
new	O
interventions	O
of	O
all	O
types	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Disease	O
Control	O
Priorities	O
:	O
Improving	O
Health	O
and	O
Reducing	O
Poverty	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pandemics	O
are	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
that	O
can	O
greatly	O
increase	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
over	O
a	O
wide	O
geographic	O
area	O
and	O
cause	O
significant	O
economic	O
,	O
social	O
,	O
and	O
political	O
disruption	O
.	O

Multiple	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
notably	O
the	O
2014	O
West	O
Africa	O
Ebola	O
epidemic	O
,	O
have	O
exposed	O
gaps	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
timely	O
detection	O
of	O
disease	O
,	O
availability	O
of	O
basic	O
care	O
,	O
tracing	O
of	O
contacts	O
,	O
quarantine	O
and	O
isolation	O
procedures	O
,	O
and	O
preparedness	O
outside	O
the	O
health	O
sector	O
,	O
including	O
global	O
coordination	B-PROC
and	O
response	O
mobilization	O
(	O
Moon	O
and	O
others	O
2015	O
;	O
Pathmanathan	O
and	O
others	O
2014	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
review	O
on	O
current	O
trends	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
with	O
H7N9	O
-	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
H7N9	O
subtype	O
of	O
avian	O
influenza	O
is	O
an	O
enzootic	O
and	O
airborne	O
virus	B-SPEC
which	O
caused	O
an	O
influenza	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Subjects	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
contracting	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
H7N9	O
infection	B-DISO
are	O
recommended	O
to	O
receive	O
annual	O
seasonal	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
reviews	O
the	O
clinical	O
effects	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
persons	O
who	O
use	O
cocaine	O
,	O
methamphetamines	O
,	O
3	B-CHED
,	I-CHED
4	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
methylenedioxymethamphetamine	I-CHED
(	O
MDMA	B-CHED
),	O
synthetic	O
cannabinoids	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
synthetic	O
cathinones	O
"("""	O
bath	O
salts	B-CHED
""")."	O

Acute	O
intoxication	O
may	O
cause	O
severe	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
complications	I-DISO
and	O
seizures	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
104	O
cloacal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
individuals	O
collected	O
at	O
locations	O
in	O
Central	O
Chile	O
.	O

All	O
coronaviruses	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
Gammacoronavirus	B-SPEC
genus	B-SPEC
,	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
clade	O
(	O
bootstrap	O
clade	O
support	O
=	O
75	O
%).	O

The	O
immunized	O
chickens	B-SPEC
were	O
challenged	O
with	O
5x10	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
)	O
EID50	O
IBV	B-SPEC
M41	O
strain	O
.	O

5	O
)	O
Natural	B-CHED
products	I-CHED
were	O
identified	O
to	O
allosterically	O
inhibit	O
Zika	O
and	O
Dengue	B-DISO
proteases	O
through	O
binding	B-FUNC
a	O
pocket	O
on	O
the	O
back	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
active	O
site	O
.	O

Virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
(	O
V	O
/	O
N	O
)	O
assays	O
are	O
commonly	O
requested	O
in	O
diagnostic	O
laboratories	O
for	O
the	O
assessment	O
of	O
protective	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

To	O
improve	O
the	O
ease	O
of	O
testing	O
,	O
a	O
colorimetric	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
and	O
TCID	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
poisoning	O
types	O
of	O
elderly	O
patients	O
were	O
sedative	B-CHED
hypnotics	B-CHED
(	O
23	O
.	O
60	O
%)	O
and	O
organophosphorus	B-CHED
pesticides	I-CHED
(	O
22	O
.	O
47	O
%);	O
the	O
youth	O
patients	O
were	O
mainly	O
paraquat	B-CHED
(	O
42	O
.	O
52	O
%)	O
and	O
organophosphorus	B-CHED
pesticide	I-CHED
(	O
17	O
.	O
32	O
%).	O

(	O
2	O
)	O
Risk	O
factors	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
:	O
the	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
,	O
incidence	O
of	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
AKI	O
)	O
and	O
MODS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
elderly	O
death	B-PROC
group	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
elderly	O
survival	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
female	O
,	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
AKI	O
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
MODS	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
youth	O
death	B-PROC
group	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
youth	O
survival	O
group	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
prognosis	O
in	O
hematologic	B-DISO
malignancies	I-DISO
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
has	O
remained	O
poor	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
lower	O
inferior	O
vena	O
cava	O
,	O
upper	O
inferior	B-ANAT
vena	I-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
right	B-ANAT
atrium	I-ANAT
drainage	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
positions	O
at	O
3	O
L	O
/	O
min	O
,	O
SaO	O
With	O
respect	O
to	O
blood	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
optimal	O
position	O
for	O
the	O
drainage	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
upper	O
inferior	B-ANAT
vena	I-ANAT
cava	I-ANAT
.	O

We	O
have	O
developed	O
two	O
indirect	O
microarray	O
methods	O
to	O
detect	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
:	O
a	O
chemiluminescent	O
immunoassay	O
test	O
(	O
CIT	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
a	O
rapid	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
(	O
RDT	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
IBV	B-PRGE
nsp5	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
microarray	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
CIT	B-CHED
was	O
96	O
.	O
77	O
%,	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
nsp5	B-PRGE
ELISA	I-PRGE
was	O
91	O
.	O
40	O
%,	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
RDT	B-DISO
was	O
90	O
.	O
32	O
%.	O

Two	O
microarray	O
assays	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
rapid	O
,	O
specific	O
,	O
sensitive	O
,	O
and	O
relatively	O
simple	O
,	O
were	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
an	O
antibody	B-COMP
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
developed	O
two	O
indirect	O
microarray	O
methods	O
to	O
detect	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
:	O
a	O
chemiluminescent	O
immunoassay	O
test	O
(	O
CIT	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
a	O
rapid	O
diagnostic	O
test	O
(	O
RDT	B-DISO
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
Respiratory	O
Illness	O
Outbreak	O
Associated	O
with	O
Human	B-PRGE
Coronavirus	I-PRGE
NL63	I-PRGE
in	O
a	O
Long	O
-	O
Term	O
Care	O
Facility	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
risk	O
assessment	O
,	O
the	O
recommendations	O
for	O
risk	O
management	O
of	O
respiratory	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
,	O
intestinal	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
imported	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
like	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
other	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
were	O
made	O
.	O

The	O
recommendations	O
on	O
risk	O
management	O
provide	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
reducing	O
the	O
adverse	O
consequences	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
risks	O
in	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
avoiding	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
various	O
risk	O
factors	O
in	O
the	O
outlying	O
areas	O
on	O
G20	O
summit	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
muramyl	B-CHED
dipeptide	I-CHED
compound	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
,	O
CVC1303	O
,	O
was	O
one	O
new	O
resigned	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
were	O
twice	O
subcutaneously	O
injected	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
including	O
high	O
,	O
medium	O
and	O
low	O
dosages	O
CVC1303	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
verified	O
the	O
significantly	O
enhanced	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgA	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
titers	O
in	O
small	B-ANAT
intestinal	I-ANAT
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
mice	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
and	O
CVC1303	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Our	O
investigation	O
proved	O
the	O
strong	O
regulatory	O
roles	O
of	O
CVC1303	O
on	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
and	O
IgG1	B-COMP
antibody	I-COMP
and	O
cytokines	O
productions	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
significant	O
increased	O
CD3	B-ANAT
+	I-ANAT
CD4	I-ANAT
+	I-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
subpopulation	O
and	O
expressions	O
of	O
co	O
-	O
stimulatory	O
molecules	O
on	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infrared	O
(	O
IR	O
)	O
modalities	O
represent	O
the	O
only	O
currently	O
viable	O
mass	O
fever	B-PROC
screening	O
approaches	O
for	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
pandemics	O
such	O
as	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Non	O
-	O
contact	O
IR	O
thermometers	O
(	O
NCITs	O
)	O
and	O
IR	O
thermographs	O
(	O
IRTs	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
fever	B-PROC
screening	O
in	O
public	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
airports	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
Caerin1	O
.	O
1	O
showed	O
powerful	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
without	O
interfering	O
with	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
progress	O
between	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
receptor	O
of	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
potential	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drug	I-CHED
or	O
as	O
a	O
microbicide	B-CHED
compound	O
for	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Attenuation	O
of	O
Influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
Virus	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
Severity	O
by	O
Viral	O
Coinfection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
Mouse	B-SPEC
Model	O
.	O

Spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
demyelination	B-DISO
is	O
also	O
induced	O
following	O
intranasal	O
inoculation	O
with	O
neurotropic	O
MHV	B-SPEC
strains	O
,	O
however	O
much	O
higher	O
viral	O
doses	O
are	O
required	O
as	O
compared	O
to	O
intracranial	B-ANAT
inoculation	O
.	O

No	O
acute	O
inflammation	B-DISO
was	O
found	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
viral	O
antigen	B-CHED
was	O
detected	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
optic	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
or	O
retina	B-ANAT
1	O
day	O
after	O
inoculation	O
.	O

Intracranial	B-ANAT
inoculation	O
should	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
preferred	O
method	O
for	O
studies	O
of	O
MHV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
optic	B-DISO
neuritis	I-DISO
and	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
CNS	B-CHED
)	O
demyelinating	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

During	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
82	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
144	O
/	O
174	O
)	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
FS	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
indicates	O
that	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
etiology	O
of	O
FS	O
in	O
children	O
.	O

Influenza	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
virus	B-SPEC
identified	O
in	O
children	O
who	O
were	O
experiencing	O
their	O
first	O
incidence	O
of	O
FS	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Electrical	B-PROC
impedance	I-PROC
tomography	O
(	O
EIT	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
guide	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
ICU	O
patients	O
with	O
lung	B-DISO
collapse	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
on	O
nutrient	B-PROC
absorption	I-PROC
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
investigated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Dromedary	O
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
implicated	O
as	O
reservoirs	O
for	O
the	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
respiratory	O
route	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
main	O
mode	O
of	O
transmission	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
REGARDS	O
cohort	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
dwelling	O
US	O
adults	O
,	O
low	O
plasma	B-ANAT
25	O
(	O
OH	O
)	O
D	O
measured	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
of	O
relative	O
health	O
was	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Proviral	O
MicroRNAs	O
Detected	O
in	O
Extracellular	B-COMP
Vesicles	B-COMP
From	O
Bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
Lavage	I-ANAT
Fluid	I-ANAT
of	O
Patients	O
With	O
Influenza	O
Virus	O
-	O
Induced	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Among	O
the	O
9	O
significantly	O
deregulated	O
microRNAs	O
,	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
17	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5p	I-PRGE
was	O
upregulated	O
in	O
patients	O
'	O
BALF	O
and	O
in	O
EVs	O
of	O
IAV	O
-	O
infected	O
lung	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
A549	O
).	O

The	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
isolated	O
using	O
a	O
cross	O
-	O
neutralization	O
test	O
and	O
limiting	O
dilution	O
in	O
embryonated	O
specific	O
-	O
pathogen	O
-	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
eggs	O
.	O

HCWs	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
exposure	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
pre	O
-	O
isolation	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
were	O
retrospectively	O
enrolled	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
monitor	O
the	O
circulation	B-PROC
of	O
HCoV	O
types	O
in	O
the	O
population	O
during	O
2015	O
⁻	O
2016	O
in	O
Israel	O
.	O

HCoV	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
were	O
more	O
severe	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
RSV	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
but	O
milder	O
than	O
influenza	B-DISO
symptoms	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
exhibited	O
an	O
opportunity	O
for	O
the	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
through	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
multiplex	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
multiplex	O
antibodies	B-COMP
evaluation	O
after	O
vaccination	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Overexpression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
up	O
-	O
regulates	O
CXCL10	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Driving	O
-	O
pressure	O
-	O
independent	O
protective	O
effects	O
of	O
open	O
lung	B-ANAT
approach	O
against	O
experimental	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

After	O
24	O
h	O
,	O
rats	B-SPEC
were	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
and	O
randomly	O
allocated	O
to	O
the	O
OLA	O
or	O
control	O
group	O
.	O

OLA	O
shows	O
protective	O
effects	O
against	O
experimental	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
even	O
when	O
the	O
ΔP	O
is	O
not	O
decreased	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Oral	B-ANAT
administration	O
of	O
coated	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
loaded	O
microspheres	O
elicited	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
in	O
weaned	B-PROC
piglets	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
coated	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
loaded	O
microspheres	O
with	O
the	O
size	O
range	O
of	O
700	O
-	O
900	O
μm	O
in	O
diameter	O
were	O
developed	O
by	O
centrifugal	O
granulation	O
-	O
fluidized	O
bed	B-DISO
coating	O
and	O
demonstrated	O
as	O
an	O
effective	O
oral	B-ANAT
delivery	O
system	O
to	O
protect	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
antigens	B-CHED
against	O
the	O
complex	O
gastrointestinal	O
environment	O
by	O
detecting	O
the	O
live	O
virus	B-COMP
particles	I-COMP
in	O
microspheres	O
after	O
the	O
simulated	O
gastric	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
treatment	O
and	O
the	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
RNA	O
in	O
fecal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
collected	O
from	O
all	O
weaned	B-PROC
piglets	O
(	O
100	O
%)	O
orally	B-ANAT
inoculated	O
with	O
coated	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
loaded	O
microspheres	O
.	O

By	O
using	O
complete	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
we	O
determined	O
the	O
phylogeny	O
of	O
these	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
allowed	O
us	O
to	O
define	O
six	O
lineages	O
/	O
genotypes	O
,	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
recombinants	O
and	O
a	O
novel	O
variant	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Partial	O
neuromuscular	O
blockage	O
to	O
promote	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Spontaneous	O
breathing	O
efforts	O
during	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
patient	O
self	O
-	O
inflicted	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
P	O
-	O
SILI	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
severe	O
form	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
remain	O
a	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
specific	O
therapies	O
are	O
still	O
available	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
we	O
explored	O
the	O
preventive	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
effects	O
of	O
tannic	O
acid	O
(	O
TA	O
),	O
a	O
natural	O
polyphenol	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
ALI	O
.	O

This	O
Concise	O
Definitive	O
Review	O
provides	O
a	O
practical	O
and	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
summary	O
of	O
treatments	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
and	O
their	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

For	O
elevated	O
plateau	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressures	O
,	O
we	O
suggest	O
first	O
decreasing	O
tidal	O
volumes	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
,	O
modification	O
of	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
,	O
and	O
prone	O
positioning	O
.	O

Severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
often	O
necessitates	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
treatment	O
adjuncts	O
.	O

Evidence	O
-	O
based	O
application	O
of	O
these	O
therapies	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
remains	O
a	O
significant	O
challenge	O
.	O

infection	B-DISO
was	O
common	O
in	O
study	O
broilers	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
observed	O
interaction	O
between	O
broiler	O
chickens	B-SPEC
and	O
wild	O
birds	B-SPEC
(	O
finches	O
)	O
inside	O
broiler	O
pens	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
backyard	O
chickens	B-SPEC
inside	O
property	O
limits	O
of	O
study	O
farms	O
.	O

The	O
resulting	O
virus	B-SPEC
replicated	O
like	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
but	O
was	O
suppressed	O
in	O
IFN	B-PRGE
competent	I-PRGE
MA	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
104	I-PRGE
(	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
fold	O
),	O
Calu	O
-	O
3	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
fold	O
)	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
fold	O
).	O

All	O
sections	O
evaluated	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
were	O
negative	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
.	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
series	O
describing	O
neonatal	O
mortality	O
with	O
etiological	O
confirmation	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
in	O
Argentina	B-SPEC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
was	O
blocked	O
by	O
combination	O
of	O
three	O
or	O
more	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
,	O
such	O
as	O
pan	B-COMP
caspase	B-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
Z	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
VAD	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
FMK	I-PRGE
,	O
NP	O
,	O
ABT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
888	I-PRGE
,	O
PDTC	O
,	O
PFT	B-CHED
-	O
α	O
,	O
to	O
treat	O
PK	O
-	O
15	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Multivariate	O
Cox	O
regression	O
analysis	O
identified	O
PSI	B-PRGE
(	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
1	O
.	O
020	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
1	O
.	O
009	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
032	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
(	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
6	O
.	O
248	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
2	O
.	O
245	O
-	O
17	O
.	O
389	O
;	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
increase	O
in	O
dynamic	O
driving	O
pressure	O
(	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
1	O
.	O
372	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
1	O
.	O
095	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
718	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
)	O
which	O
were	O
independent	O
predictors	O
associated	O
with	O
60	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chronic	O
lung	B-ANAT
allograft	O
dysfunction	O
(	O
CLAD	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
major	O
limiting	O
factor	O
for	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
survival	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

They	O
were	O
monitored	O
for	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
predefined	O
intervals	O
and	O
on	O
extra	O
visits	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
year	O
,	O
the	O
total	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
period	O
ranged	O
between	O
5	O
and	O
8	O
years	O
.	O

The	O
swab	O
samples	O
were	O
utilized	O
for	O
molecular	O
detection	O
using	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
serologic	O
test	O
,	O
77	O
%,	O
45	O
%,	O
and	O
38	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
birds	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
NDV	B-SPEC
,	O
AIV	O
,	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
administration	O
of	O
rshDPP4	O
led	O
to	O
reduced	O
lung	B-ANAT
virus	B-SPEC
titer	O
and	O
histopathology	O
.	O

Our	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
shDPP4	O
levels	O
play	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
MERS	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
demonstrate	O
a	O
potential	O
of	O
rshDPP4	O
as	O
a	O
treatment	O
option	O
for	O
MERS	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cell	B-COMP
entry	O
by	O
coronaviruses	O
involves	O
two	O
principal	O
steps	O
,	O
receptor	O
binding	O
and	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
;	O
the	O
latter	O
requires	O
activation	O
by	O
host	B-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
particularly	I-PRGE
lysosomal	B-ANAT
proteases	I-PRGE
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
lysosomal	B-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
in	O
both	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
entry	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
metabolism	B-PROC
,	O
the	O
correlation	O
between	O
lysosomal	B-PRGE
proteases	I-PRGE
and	O
cell	B-COMP
tropism	B-PROC
of	O
coronaviruses	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
established	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
WHO	O
R	O
&	O
D	O
Blueprint	O
:	O
2018	O
review	O
of	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
requiring	O
urgent	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
efforts	O
.	O

The	O
committee	O
determined	O
that	O
,	O
given	O
their	O
potential	O
to	O
cause	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
efficacious	O
drugs	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
vaccines	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
urgent	O
need	O
for	O
accelerated	O
R	O
&	O
D	O
for	O
(	O
in	O
no	O
order	O
of	O
priority	O
)	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
failure	O
of	O
the	O
neurological	O
command	O
of	O
the	O
ventilatory	B-ANAT
muscles	I-ANAT
or	O
of	O
the	O
ventilatory	B-ANAT
muscles	I-ANAT
;	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
defect	O
.	O

The	O
stabilization	O
of	O
the	O
acute	O
cardio	O
-	O
ventilatory	O
distress	O
should	O
primarily	O
itemize	O
the	O
pathophysiological	O
conditions	O
:	O
fever	B-PROC
control	O
,	O
improved	O
micro	O
-	O
circulation	B-PROC
and	O
normalized	O
local	O
acidosis	B-DISO
,	O
'	O
upright	O
'	O
position	O
,	O
minimized	O
hypercapnia	B-DISO
,	O
sympathetic	O
de	O
-	O
activation	O
(	O
normalized	O
sympathetic	O
activity	O
toward	O
baseline	O
levels	O
resulting	O
in	O
improved	O
micro	O
-	O
circulation	B-PROC
with	O
alpha	O
-	O
2	O
agonists	B-CHED
administered	O
immediately	O
following	O
optimized	O
circulation	B-PROC
and	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
),	O
lowered	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
'	O
cooperative	O
'	O
sedation	B-DISO
without	O
respiratory	B-DISO
depression	I-DISO
evoked	O
by	O
alpha	O
-	O
2	O
agonists	B-CHED
.	O

Three	O
weeks	O
after	O
dosing	O
,	O
new	O
litters	O
of	O
piglets	O
were	O
born	O
which	O
remained	O
healthy	O
with	O
no	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cellular	B-ANAT
localisation	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
region	O
3	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

To	O
detect	O
and	O
study	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
PDCoV	O
in	O
central	O
China	O
(	O
Shanxi	O
,	O
Henan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
province	O
),	O
70	O
clinical	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
and	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
piglets	O
with	O
severe	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
during	O
August	O
2015	O
and	O
June	O
2016	O
were	O
collected	O
,	O
tested	O
and	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
three	O
G2b	O
strains	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
S2	O
△)	O
contained	O
the	O
same	O
specific	O
3	O
nt	O
deletion	O
in	O
S2	O
as	O
other	O
reference	O
strains	O
in	O
G2b	O
.	O

CH	O
/	O
hubei	O
/	O
2016	O
had	O
one	O
recombination	B-PROC
event	O
in	O
S2	O
gene	O
which	O
may	O
have	O
resulted	O
from	O
AH2012	O
-	O
12	O
(	O
from	O
G2b	O
group	O
)	O
and	O
CH	O
-	O
ZMDZY	O
-	O
11	O
(	O
from	O
G2a	O
group	O
).	O

With	O
the	O
unavailability	O
of	O
vaccines	O
or	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
to	O
prevent	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
treat	O
SFTSV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
early	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
detect	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
subclinically	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
shipped	O
from	O
non	O
-	O
case	O
farms	O
to	O
slaughterhouses	O
.	O

Hence	O
,	O
new	O
vaccine	O
technologies	O
able	O
to	O
achieve	O
rapid	O
development	B-PROC
as	O
well	O
as	O
large	O
scale	O
production	O
are	O
of	O
pivotal	O
importance	O
.	O

Further	O
in	O
silico	O
studies	O
identified	O
the	O
key	O
molecular	O
interactions	O
between	O
those	O
compounds	O
and	O
the	O
3	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
chymotrypsin	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
,	O
which	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
the	O
intracellular	B-COMP
replication	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
supporting	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
the	O
protease	O
is	O
the	O
target	O
molecule	O
of	O
the	O
potential	O
antiviral	B-CHED
derivatives	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Zoonotic	O
Viral	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
of	O
Equines	B-SPEC
and	O
Their	O
Impact	O
on	O
Human	B-SPEC
and	O
Animal	B-SPEC
Health	O
.	O

These	O
diseases	O
can	O
be	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
organisms	O
including	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
,	O
parasites	O
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
fungi	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
need	O
to	O
implement	O
relevant	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
precautions	O
has	O
been	O
highlighted	O
by	O
the	O
recent	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreaks	O
.	O

The	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
major	O
global	O
epicentre	O
for	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
crossed	O
regional	O
and	O
continental	O
boundaries	O
since	O
2012	O
.	O

In	O
Eastern	O
Province	O
,	O
one	O
unique	O
super	O
-	O
spreading	O
event	O
(	O
TD	O
-	O
R	O
>	O
10	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
May	O
2013	O
,	O
which	O
comprised	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
notable	O
cases	O
of	O
human	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

We	O
compared	O
three	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
ultrasound	O
(	O
L	O
-	O
US	O
)	O
techniques	O
against	O
the	O
reference	O
-	O
standard	O
transpulmonary	O
thermodilution	O
(	O
TPTD	O
)	O
technique	O
to	O
access	O
EVLW	O
.	O

A	O
statistically	O
significant	O
positive	O
correlation	O
was	O
found	O
between	O
L	O
-	O
US	O
TBS	B-DISO
and	O
an	O
EVLW	O
index	O
≥	O
10	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
(	O
L	O
-	O
US	O
is	O
feasible	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
sepsis	O
.	O

Among	O
them	O
are	O
filoviruses	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
Marburg	O
,	O
Ebola	O
),	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
MERS	O
),	O
henipaviruses	B-SPEC
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
Hendra	O
,	O
Nipah	O
)	O
which	O
share	O
the	O
common	O
features	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
all	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
that	O
a	O
dysregulated	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
is	O
an	O
important	O
contributor	O
to	O
the	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
hence	O
pathogenicity	O
that	O
results	O
from	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
Jordan	O
in	O
2015	O
involved	O
a	O
variant	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
acquired	O
distinctive	O
deletions	O
in	O
the	O
accessory	O
open	O
reading	O
frames	O
.	O

We	O
reviewed	O
epidemiologic	O
and	O
medical	O
chart	O
data	O
and	O
analyzed	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
sequences	O
from	O
respiratory	O
specimens	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
.	O

Nonsense	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
mediated	I-PATH
decay	I-PATH
(	O
NMD	B-PROC
)	O
is	O
a	O
eukaryotic	O
RNA	B-PROC
surveillance	I-PROC
pathway	B-PROC
that	O
detects	O
mRNAs	O
harboring	O
aberrant	O
features	O
and	O
targets	O
them	O
for	O
degradation	O
.	O

Pearson	O
correlation	O
and	O
Multivariate	O
Analysis	O
of	O
Covariance	O
(	O
MANCOVA	O
)	O
were	O
utilized	O
to	O
statistically	O
determine	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
'	O
reports	O
of	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
practices	O
and	O
observed	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
behaviors	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
the	O
outpatient	O
examination	O
rooms	O
and	O
emergency	B-DISO
departments	O
of	O
three	O
types	O
of	O
hospitals	O
in	O
the	O
Eastern	O
region	O
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
where	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
endemic	O
and	O
is	O
observed	O
in	O
routine	O
cases	O
and	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Complement	B-PROC
Activation	I-PROC
Contributes	O
to	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Pathogenesis	B-PROC
.	O

At	O
times	O
the	O
pain	O
was	O
severe	O
enough	O
to	O
prevent	O
ambulation	B-PROC
,	O
prompting	O
visits	O
to	O
her	O
primary	O
care	O
provider	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
due	O
to	O
venomous	O
animals	B-SPEC
from	O
a	O
subtropical	O
region	O
of	O
India	O
.	O

Outcomes	O
of	O
requirement	O
for	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
support	O
,	O
treatment	O
with	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
,	O
survival	O
,	O
and	O
mortality	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

81	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
had	O
oliguria	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
54	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
hematuria	O
or	O
having	O
passed	O
red	O
or	O
brown	O
colored	O
urine	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
hematological	O
and	O
biochemical	O
laboratory	O
abnormalities	O
were	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
anemia	B-DISO
(	O
75	O
%),	O
leukocytosis	B-DISO
(	O
75	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
hyperkalemia	O
(	O
35	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
severe	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
(	O
46	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
hepatic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
(	O
54	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
(	O
85	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
and	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
(	O
65	O
.	O
5	O
%).	O

AKI	B-PRGE
was	O
severe	O
,	O
a	O
high	O
proportion	O
required	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
mortality	O
was	O
high	O
.	O

He	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
myocardial	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
complicated	O
with	O
ventricular	B-DISO
septal	I-DISO
perforation	I-DISO
(	O
VSP	O
),	O
and	O
intraaortic	O
balloon	O
pumping	O
support	O
and	O
intensive	O
care	O
were	O
started	O
.	O

Of	O
the	O
camel	B-SPEC
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
,	O
22	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
positive	O
by	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
though	O
with	O
high	O
Ct	O
values	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
model	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
compared	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
gain	O
of	O
5	O
.	O
2	O
life	O
years	O
and	O
4	O
.	O
05	O
quality	O
-	O
adjusted	O
life	O
years	O
,	O
at	O
an	O
additional	O
lifetime	O
cost	O
of	O
$	O
145	O
,	O
697	O
Canadian	O
dollars	O
.	O

Additional	O
evidence	O
on	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
in	O
different	O
subgroups	O
of	O
patients	O
will	O
allow	O
for	O
greater	O
certainty	O
in	O
its	O
cost	O
-	O
effectiveness	O
.	O

Non	O
-	O
coding	O
RNAs	O
(	O
ncRNAs	O
)	O
are	O
not	O
translated	O
into	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
many	O
biological	O
and	O
pathological	B-DISO
processes	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
mitochondrial	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Establishment	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
enterocyte	B-ANAT
/	O
myofibroblast	B-ANAT
co	O
-	O
cultures	O
for	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
rota	O
-	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Next	O
,	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
Purdue	O
strain	O
infected	O
both	O
ileocytes	O
and	O
colonocytes	O
whereas	O
the	O
Miller	O
strain	O
only	O
infected	O
ileocytes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differences	O
between	O
Patients	O
in	O
Whom	O
Physicians	O
Agree	O
and	O
Disagree	O
about	O
the	O
Diagnosis	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Understanding	O
the	O
clinical	O
differences	O
between	O
patients	O
with	O
agreement	O
and	O
disagreement	O
about	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
may	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
inform	O
strategies	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
reliability	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
diagnosis	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-PROC
tension	B-DISO
/	O
pressure	O
[	O
Pa	O
Among	O
738	O
patients	O
reviewed	O
,	O
110	O
(	O
15	O
%)	O
had	O
consensus	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
100	O
(	O
14	O
%)	O
had	O
disagreement	O
,	O
and	O
528	O
(	O
72	O
%)	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Considering	O
both	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
key	O
ARDS	B-DISO
risk	O
factors	O
and	O
hypoxemia	O
severity	O
can	O
help	O
guide	O
clinicians	O
in	O
identifying	O
patients	O
with	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
agreed	O
upon	O
by	O
a	O
consensus	O
of	O
physicians	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
continue	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
major	O
impact	O
on	O
poultry	O
health	O
,	O
welfare	O
and	O
productivity	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
6	O
days	O
after	O
admission	O
,	O
she	O
experienced	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
brief	O
convulsions	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
may	O
thus	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
TTC	O
and	O
prompt	O
further	O
studies	O
regarding	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
prolonged	O
seizures	B-DISO
and	O
TTC	O
.	O

Underlying	O
causes	O
for	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
aberrant	O
fluid	O
regulation	B-PROC
largely	O
remain	O
unknown	O
,	O
particularly	O
regarding	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
viral	O
-	O
mediated	O
mechanisms	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
analyzed	O
qualitative	O
data	O
of	O
the	O
2015	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

The	O
detection	O
limits	O
of	O
the	O
assay	O
per	O
reaction	O
were	O
5	O
copies	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
,	O
RVC	O
and	O
PCV2	O
and	O
50	O
copies	O
for	O
RVA	O
for	O
the	O
singleplex	O
assays	O
and	O
50	O
copies	O
when	O
all	O
five	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
multiplexed	O
.	O

A	O
65	O
kg	O
32	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
presented	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
(	O
SAP	O
),	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
metabotropic	O
acidosis	B-DISO
and	O
hyperkalemia	O
.	O

Given	O
the	O
residual	O
renal	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
continuous	O
hemofiltration	O
intensity	O
on	O
day	O
3	O
,	O
vancomycin	B-CHED
bolus	O
of	O
1	O
000	O
mg	O
was	O
prescribed	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
maintenance	O
dose	O
of	O
500	O
mg	O
every	O
8	O
hours	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
this	O
case	O
report	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
call	O
attention	O
to	O
the	O
clinically	O
significant	O
alteration	O
in	O
vancomycin	B-CHED
pharmacokinetics	B-PROC
among	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
AIDS	O
successfully	O
treated	O
with	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
and	O
literature	O
review	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Several	O
successful	O
uses	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
novel	O
HIV	B-DISO
/	I-DISO
AIDS	I-DISO
infection	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
reported	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
keys	O
have	O
not	O
always	O
been	O
discussed	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
pediatric	O
case	O
of	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
good	O
outcome	O
following	O
rapid	O
initiation	O
of	O
vvECMO	O
.	O
This	O
patient	O
was	O
a	O
13	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
boy	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

On	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
challenge	O
,	O
PHD2	O
depletion	O
in	O
ECs	O
attenuates	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
increases	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
,	O
edema	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
infiltration	I-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
EC	O
-	O
specific	O
PHD2	O
inducible	O
knockout	O
mice	B-SPEC
exhibit	O
improved	O
adherens	B-COMP
junction	I-COMP
integrity	O
and	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
barrier	O
function	O
.	O

Data	O
indicate	O
that	O
PHD2	B-PRGE
depletion	O
prevents	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
leaky	O
vessels	B-ANAT
and	O
edema	B-DISO
by	O
regulating	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
barrier	O
function	O
.	O

A	O
third	O
(	O
39	O
.	O
36	O
%)	O
reported	O
contact	O
with	O
an	O
index	O
case	O
,	O
developed	O
the	O
disease	O
after	O
6	O
.	O
2days	O
and	O
continued	O
to	O
shed	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
13	O
.	O
17days	O
on	O
average	O
.	O

Independent	O
predictors	O
of	O
being	O
discharged	O
alive	O
among	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
were	O
younger	O
age	O
(	O
OR	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
spread	O
from	O
human	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
as	O
community	O
acquired	O
and	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
local	O
and	O
international	O
response	O
to	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
epidemics	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
west	O
African	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
epidemic	O
,	O
revealed	O
serious	O
shortcomings	O
which	O
bioterrorists	O
might	O
exploit	O
when	O
intentionally	O
initiating	O
an	O
epidemic	O
.	O

Although	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
based	O
on	O
classical	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
have	O
been	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
piglets	O
remain	O
high	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
extracellular	B-COMP
region	I-COMP
of	O
TfR1	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
that	O
pre	O
-	O
incubating	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
fragment	O
containing	O
the	O
extracellular	B-COMP
region	I-COMP
of	O
TfR1	B-PRGE
blocked	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
extended	O
our	O
previous	O
work	O
on	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
inhibitors	B-CHED
and	O
investigated	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
of	O
a	O
focused	O
library	O
of	O
protease	B-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
for	O
ferret	B-SPEC
and	O
mink	B-SPEC
3CLpro	O
.	O

Multiple	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
analysis	O
and	O
modelling	O
of	O
3CLpro	O
of	O
ferret	B-SPEC
and	O
mink	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
were	O
conducted	O
to	O
probe	O
the	O
structural	O
basis	O
for	O
these	O
findings	O
.	O

The	O
Mini	O
International	O
Neuropsychiatric	O
Interview	O
and	O
Hospital	O
Anxiety	O
and	O
Depression	B-DISO
Scale	O
were	O
administered	O
to	O
patients	O
undergoing	O
hemodialysis	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Medical	O
staff	O
that	O
performed	O
MERS	O
-	O
related	O
tasks	O
showed	O
the	O
highest	O
risk	O
for	O
post	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
traumatic	I-DISO
stress	I-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
symptoms	O
even	O
after	O
time	O
had	O
elapsed	O
.	O

HTG	O
is	O
the	O
third	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
and	O
has	O
been	O
established	O
in	O
the	O
literature	O
as	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
when	O
levels	O
are	O
greater	O
than	O
1000	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
.	O
A	O
43	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
patient	O
presented	O
to	O
the	O
hospital	O
with	O
severe	O
epigastric	B-ANAT
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
.	O

Initial	O
laboratory	O
investigations	O
were	O
significant	O
for	O
a	O
lipase	B-PRGE
level	O
of	O
4143	O
U	O
/	O
L	O
and	O
a	O
triglyceride	B-CHED
level	O
of	O
600	O
mg	O
/	O
dL	O
.	O
Computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
showed	O
diffuse	O
enlargement	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
pancreas	B-ANAT
consistent	O
with	O
pancreatitis	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
post	O
hoc	O
Bayesian	O
analysis	O
of	O
data	O
from	O
an	O
RCT	O
(	O
ECMO	O
to	O
Rescue	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
in	O
Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
[	O
EOLIA	O
])	O
that	O
included	O
249	O
patients	O
with	O
very	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
had	O
been	O
randomized	O
to	O
receive	O
early	O
ECMO	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
124	O
;	O
mortality	O
at	O
60	O
days	O
,	O
35	O
%)	O
vs	O
initial	O
conventional	O
lung	O
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
with	O
the	O
option	O
for	O
rescue	O
ECMO	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
125	O
,	O
mortality	O
at	O
60	O
days	O
,	O
46	O
%).	O

Dual	O
and	O
multiple	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
31	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
and	O
18	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
predominant	O
in	O
the	O
pediatric	O
environment	O
(	O
90	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
male	O
patients	O
(	O
88	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
and	O
spring	O
(	O
93	O
.	O
8	O
%).	O

In	O
18	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
negative	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
only	O
S	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
was	O
identified	O
.	O

Data	O
on	O
the	O
phenomenon	O
of	O
intermittent	O
positive	O
results	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
on	O
reverse	O
-	O
transcription	B-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
with	O
negative	O
results	O
in	O
between	O
are	O
lacking	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
2	O
to	O
3	O
nasopharyngeal	O
samples	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
produce	O
the	O
highest	O
yield	O
of	O
positive	O
results	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
2	O
negative	O
results	O
48	O
hours	O
apart	O
with	O
clinical	O
improvement	O
or	O
stabilization	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
clear	O
patients	O
from	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
yield	O
of	O
sputum	B-ANAT
samples	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
against	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
.	O

Four	O
horses	B-SPEC
were	O
intragastrically	O
infected	O
with	O
fecal	B-ANAT
material	O
containing	O
10	O
All	O
8	O
horses	B-SPEC
shed	O
ECoV	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
All	O
8	O
horses	B-SPEC
shed	O
ECoV	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

Two	O
recombinant	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
rIBVs	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
generated	O
;	O
the	O
immunogenic	O
S1	O
subunit	O
is	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
strain	O
,	O
H120	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
virulent	O
field	O
strain	O
,	O
QX	O
,	O
within	O
the	O
genetic	O
background	O
of	O
Beau	O
-	O
R	O
.	O
The	O
rIBVs	O
BeauR	O
-	O
H120	O
(	O
S1	O
)	O
and	O
BeauR	O
-	O
QX	O
(	O
S1	O
)	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
replicating	O
in	O
primary	O
chicken	B-SPEC
kidney	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
cultures	O
and	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
patients	O
developing	O
the	O
following	O
adverse	O
events	O
:	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
vs	O
5	O
.	O
0	O
%;	O
risk	O
ratio	O
[	O
RR	O
],	O
0	O
.	O
86	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
59	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
24	O
];	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
38	O
),	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
4	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
vs	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
%;	O
RR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
07	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
78	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
47	O
];	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
67	O
),	O
severe	O
atelectasis	B-DISO
(	O
11	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
vs	O
11	O
.	O
2	O
%;	O
RR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
81	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
23	O
];	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
94	O
),	O
and	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
(	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
vs	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
%;	O
RR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
16	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
73	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
84	O
];	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
55	O
).	O

As	O
a	O
selected	O
viral	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
extraction	O
method	O
may	O
determine	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
reliability	O
of	O
NGS	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
valuable	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
extraction	O
efficiency	O
of	O
different	O
extraction	O
kits	O
using	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
directly	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
highlighted	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
extraction	O
kit	B-FUNC
selection	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
major	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
yield	O
and	O
number	O
of	O
viral	O
reads	O
by	O
NGS	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
proportion	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ABO	O
blood	B-ANAT
type	O
A	O
versus	O
other	O
blood	B-ANAT
types	O
was	O
39	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
versus	O
60	O
.	O
1	O
%.	O

The	O
Pediatric	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
(	O
PALICC	O
)	O
definition	O
was	O
developed	O
to	O
overcome	O
limitations	O
of	O
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
designed	O
and	O
validated	O
for	O
adults	O
.	O

Data	O
were	O
collected	O
on	O
the	O
PICU	B-SPEC
characteristics	O
,	O
patient	O
demographics	O
,	O
and	O
elements	O
of	O
PARDS	O
(	O
ie	O
,	O
PARDS	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
hypoxaemia	O
severity	O
metrics	O
,	O
type	O
of	O
ventilation	O
),	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
imaging	O
,	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
measurements	O
,	O
and	O
pulse	B-PROC
oximetry	O
.	O

Between	O
May	O
9	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
and	O
June	O
16	O
,	O
2017	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
10	O
study	O
weeks	O
,	O
23	O
280	O
patients	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
participating	O
PICUs	B-SPEC
,	O
of	O
whom	O
744	O
(	O
3	O
·	O
2	O
%)	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
having	O
PARDS	O
.	O

By	O
use	O
of	O
PALICC	O
PARDS	O
definition	O
,	O
severity	O
of	O
PARDS	O
at	O
6	O
h	O
after	O
initial	O
diagnosis	O
(	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
curve	O
[	O
AUC	O
]	O
0	O
·	O
69	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
·	O
62	O
-	O
0	O
·	O
76	O
)	O
discriminates	O
PICU	B-SPEC
mortality	O
better	O
than	O
severity	O
at	O
PARDS	O
diagnosis	O
(	O
AUC	O
0	O
·	O
64	O
,	O
0	O
·	O
58	O
-	O
0	O
·	O
71	O
),	O
and	O
outperforms	O
Berlin	O
severity	O
groups	O
at	O
6	O
h	O
(	O
0	O
·	O
64	O
,	O
0	O
·	O
58	O
-	O
0	O
·	O
70	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
·	O
01	O
).	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
severity	O
outcomes	O
(	O
number	O
of	O
organic	O
dysfunctions	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
or	O
amines	B-CHED
,	O
hospital	O
/	O
PICU	B-SPEC
length	O
of	O
stay	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
).	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
YQFM	O
significantly	O
inhibited	O
the	O
PM	O
-	O
induced	O
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
(	O
MPO	B-FUNC
)	O
activity	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
,	O
decreased	O
the	O
PM	O
-	O
induced	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
including	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1β	I-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
)	O
and	O
tumor	B-PRGE
necrosis	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
),	O
reduced	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
(	O
NO	O
)	O
and	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluids	I-ANAT
(	O
BALF	B-ANAT
),	O
and	O
effectively	O
attenuated	O
PM	O
-	O
induced	O
increases	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
in	O
BALF	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
YQFM	O
increased	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
target	O
of	O
rapamycin	B-CHED
(	O
mTOR	O
)	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
and	O
dramatically	O
suppressed	O
the	O
PM	O
-	O
stimulated	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
),	O
MyD88	B-PRGE
,	O
autophagy	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
LC3Ⅱand	I-PRGE
Beclin	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
as	O
well	O
as	O
autophagy	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
respiratory	O
condition	B-DISO
deteriorated	O
rapidly	O
;	O
he	O
was	O
placed	O
on	O
venovenous	O
ECMO	O
for	O
19	O
days	O
and	O
remained	O
intubated	O
thereafter	O
.	O

QX	O
genotype	O
causes	O
permanent	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
oviduct	B-ANAT
in	O
layer	B-ANAT
and	O
breeder	O
flock	O
if	O
it	O
occurs	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
life	O
cycle	O
.	O

Group	O
3	O
was	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
the	O
H120	O
vaccine	O
at	O
day	O
1	O
and	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
at	O
day	O
14	O
(	O
eye	O
drop	O
),	O
and	O
group	O
4	O
was	O
vaccinated	O
with	O
H120	O
+	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
(	O
eye	B-ANAT
drop	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
and	O
793	O
/	O
B	O
at	O
day	O
14	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
using	O
sensitive	O
immunological	O
assays	O
and	O
a	O
cohort	O
of	O
camel	B-SPEC
workers	O
(	O
CWs	O
)	O
with	O
well	O
-	O
documented	O
camel	B-SPEC
exposure	O
,	O
we	O
show	O
that	O
approximately	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
camel	B-SPEC
workers	O
(	O
CWs	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
(	O
KSA	O
)	O
and	O
0	O
%	O
of	O
controls	O
were	O
previously	O
infected	O
.	O

We	O
obtained	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
from	O
30	O
camel	B-SPEC
herders	O
,	O
truck	O
drivers	O
,	O
and	O
handlers	O
with	O
well	O
-	O
documented	O
camel	B-SPEC
exposure	O
and	O
from	O
healthy	O
donors	O
,	O
and	O
measured	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
specific	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
),	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
),	O
and	O
neutralizing	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
.	O

In	O
adjusted	O
analysis	O
,	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
first	O
2	O
days	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
effect	O
on	O
ICU	O
or	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
(	O
33	O
%	O
vs	O
37	O
%;	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
18	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
92	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
51	O
];	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
19	O
and	O
37	O
%	O
vs	O
41	O
%;	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
18	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
93	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
50	O
];	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
196	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
221	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5p	I-PRGE
directly	O
targets	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
untranslated	O
region	O
(	O
UTR	O
)	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
genomic	O
RNA	O
to	O
inhibit	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
miR	O
-	O
221	O
-	O
5p	O
overexpression	B-PROC
activates	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	O
)-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
via	O
p65	B-PRGE
nuclear	B-PROC
translocation	I-PROC
,	O
thereby	O
upregulating	O
interferon	B-PRGE
(	O
IFN	O
)-	O
β	O
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
stimulated	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
15	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
MX1	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
during	O
CH	O
/	O
HBTS	O
/	O
2017	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
subsequently	O
identified	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
-	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
α	O
and	O
suppressor	O
of	O
cytokine	B-PROC
signaling	I-PROC
1	O
,	O
negative	O
regulators	O
of	O
the	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
pathway	B-PROC
,	O
as	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
221	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5p	I-PRGE
targets	I-PRGE
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
a	O
precise	O
and	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
is	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
control	O
measures	O
to	O
limit	O
viral	O
dissemination	O
.	O

Of	O
678	O
patients	O
who	O
underwent	O
HSCT	O
during	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
112	O
(	O
17	O
%)	O
developed	O
HCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
making	O
HCoV	O
the	O
fourth	O
most	O
common	O
respiratory	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Evaluating	O
for	O
LRTI	B-DISO
risk	O
factors	O
found	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
may	O
identify	O
patients	O
who	O
require	O
closer	O
surveillance	O
and	O
aggressive	B-DISO
supportive	O
care	O
when	O
infected	O
with	O
HCoV	O
.	O

Three	O
and	O
half	O
years	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
known	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
was	O
detected	O
,	O
cases	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
reported	O
every	O
month	O
,	O
over	O
85	O
%	O
of	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
from	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
and	O
other	O
countries	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

Chief	O
among	O
such	O
threats	O
are	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
because	O
of	O
their	O
risk	O
of	O
high	O
transmissibility	O
and	O
acuity	O
of	O
illness	O
.	O

PEDV	B-SPEC
presence	O
in	O
manure	O
was	O
investigated	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
inactivation	B-DISO
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
present	O
in	O
the	O
liquid	O
manure	O
.	O

Disease	O
evolution	B-PROC
was	O
generally	O
favorable	O
under	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
.	O

While	O
the	O
A	O
/	O
H3	O
subtype	O
was	O
predominant	O
throughout	O
Europe	O
that	O
season	O
,	O
B	O
/	O
Victoria	B-SPEC
appears	O
to	O
have	O
circulated	O
specifically	O
in	O
Romania	O
and	O
the	O
Eastern	O
European	O
region	O
,	O
predominantly	O
affecting	O
preschoolers	O
and	O
school	O
children	O
.	O

This	O
causes	O
increased	B-PROC
vascular	I-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
-	O
rich	O
edema	B-DISO
,	O
leading	O
to	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hypothesis	O
:	O
Fever	B-PROC
control	O
,	O
a	O
niche	O
for	O
alpha	O
-	O
2	O
agonists	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
?	O

Transforming	B-PRGE
Growth	I-PRGE
Factor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β1	I-PRGE
(	O
TGF	O
-	O
β1	O
)	O
is	O
involved	O
in	O
collagen	B-COMP
production	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
repair	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
acute	O
inflammatory	O
process	O
that	O
impairs	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
to	O
oxygenate	O
thereby	O
resulting	O
in	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
large	O
multicenter	O
,	O
prospective	O
,	O
randomized	O
,	O
placebo	O
-	O
controlled	O
trial	O
is	O
ongoing	O
to	O
confirm	O
benefit	O
of	O
NMBAs	O
in	O
early	O
,	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
when	O
adjusting	O
for	O
limitations	O
of	O
the	O
previous	O
studies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Healthcare	O
workers	O
'	O
views	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
continuous	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(	O
CPAP	O
)	O
in	O
neonates	O
:	O
a	O
qualitative	O
study	O
in	O
Andhra	O
Pradesh	O
,	O
India	O
.	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
experiences	O
of	O
doctors	O
and	O
nurses	O
using	O
CPAP	O
in	O
neonatal	O
units	O
in	O
India	O
and	O
their	O
views	O
on	O
enablers	O
and	O
barriers	O
to	O
implementation	O
of	O
CPAP	B-PRGE
.	O

Common	O
structural	O
factors	O
that	O
limit	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
CPAP	O
include	O
shortages	O
of	O
staff	O
,	O
consumables	O
and	O
equipment	O
,	O
and	O
problems	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
the	O
organisation	B-PROC
of	O
neonatal	O
units	O
in	O
both	O
district	O
hospitals	O
and	O
medical	O
colleges	O
.	O

CPAP	B-PRGE
use	I-PRGE
was	O
mostly	O
perceived	O
as	O
technically	O
easier	O
to	O
provide	O
than	O
ventilation	O
and	O
allowed	O
nurses	O
to	O
provide	O
advanced	O
neonatal	O
care	O
,	O
independently	O
of	O
doctors	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
MV	O
)	O
for	O
correction	O
of	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
can	O
cause	O
worsening	O
of	O
this	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
,	O
called	O
""""	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
""""	O
(	O
VILI	O
).	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
reviewed	O
the	O
main	O
aspects	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
ventilation	O
and	O
also	O
discussed	O
potential	O
methods	O
to	O
predict	O
the	O
failure	O
of	O
weaning	B-PROC
in	O
this	O
patient	O
category	O
.	O

The	O
contents	O
of	O
γ	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
GNP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
conjugates	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
intact	O
animals	B-SPEC
or	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
given	O
the	O
antigen	B-CHED
alone	O
.	O

The	O
degradative	O
processes	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
immunized	O
with	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
alone	O
are	O
evidence	O
of	O
weak	O
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
pathogen	O
attack	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
vaccines	O
against	O
this	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
employing	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
antigen	B-CHED
coupled	O
to	O
gold	B-CHED
nanoparticles	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
carrier	O
.	O

Although	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
induced	O
cell	B-COMP
apoptosis	B-PATH
has	O
been	O
established	O
in	O
vitro	O
and	O
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
the	O
functional	O
protein	B-CHED
that	O
contributes	O
to	O
this	O
event	O
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
could	O
infect	O
various	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
including	O
Vero	O
,	O
Vero	O
-	O
E6	O
and	O
Marc	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
145	I-PRGE
and	O
cause	O
obvious	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
,	O
including	O
roundup	O
,	O
cell	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
cell	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
vacuolation	O
,	O
syncytium	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
and	O
cause	O
apparent	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
changes	O
D510G	O
and	O
I529T	O
increased	O
resistance	B-PROC
of	O
S	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
driven	O
entry	O
to	O
neutralization	O
by	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
MERS	O
patients	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
variants	O
with	O
reduced	O
neutralization	O
sensitivity	O
were	O
transmitted	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
Korean	O
outbreak	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
responsible	O
mutations	O
were	O
compatible	O
with	O
robust	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
and	O
Laboratory	O
Features	O
Associated	O
with	O
Acute	O
Kidney	B-ANAT
Injury	O
in	O
Severe	O
Malaria	B-PATH
.	O

Chronic	O
alveolar	B-DISO
hypoventilation	I-DISO
leading	O
to	O
concurrent	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
main	O
cause	O
of	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
complications	O
.	O

Clinically	O
,	O
ATD	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
small	O
,	O
narrow	O
chest	B-ANAT
and	O
variable	O
limb	B-ANAT
shortness	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
a	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
FCoV	O
)	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
quantitative	O
PCR	B-PRGE
(	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
)	O
on	O
fine	O
-	O
needle	O
aspirates	B-ANAT
(	O
FNAs	O
)	O
from	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
(	O
MLNs	B-DISO
)	O
collected	O
in	O
sterile	B-DISO
saline	O
for	O
the	O
purpose	O
of	O
diagnosing	O
non	O
-	O
effusive	B-DISO
feline	I-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

During	O
the	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
period	O
(	O
4572	O
.	O
7	O
person	O
-	O
years	O
),	O
277	O
children	O
were	O
readmitted	O
with	O
ARI	B-CHED
.	O

HAdV	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
6	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
11	O
.	O
9	O
),	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
(	O
20	O
.	O
4	O
;	O
6	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
66	O
.	O
9	O
)	O
and	O
HRV	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
0	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
)	O
were	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
outcome	O
.	O

HAdV	O
-,	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
-	O
and	O
HRV	O
-	O
related	O
initial	O
ARI	B-CHED
admissions	O
,	O
when	O
occurring	O
during	O
early	O
infancy	O
,	O
increased	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
subsequent	O
ARI	B-CHED
-	O
related	O
readmission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Elevated	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
33	I-FUNC
promotes	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
MMP2	B-PRGE
and	O
MMP9	B-PRGE
via	O
activating	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
in	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
macrophages	I-ANAT
during	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Since	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
has	O
been	O
informed	O
of	O
2220	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
resulting	O
in	O
at	O
least	O
790	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

Cases	O
have	O
since	O
arisen	O
in	O
27	O
countries	O
,	O
including	O
an	O
outbreak	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
in	O
2015	O
in	O
which	O
36	O
people	O
died	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
more	O
than	O
80	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
..	O

Human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
,	O
initially	O
caused	O
a	O
'	B-ANAT
media	I-ANAT
panic	O
',	O
however	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
appears	O
to	O
require	O
close	O
contact	O
and	O
thus	O
far	O
the	O
virus	O
has	O
not	O
achieved	O
epidemic	O
potential	O
.	O

The	O
cellular	B-COMP
proteases	O
furin	B-PRGE
,	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
and	O
TMPRSS2	B-PRGE
can	O
activate	O
MERS	O
-	O
S	O
and	O
may	O
cleave	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
at	O
two	O
distinct	O
sites	O
,	O
termed	O
S1	O
/	O
S2	O
and	O
S2	O
'.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
indicate	O
a	O
rigid	B-DISO
sequence	O
requirement	O
for	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
activation	O
by	O
TMPRSS2	O
but	O
not	O
cathepsin	B-PRGE
L	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
viral	O
agents	O
are	O
leading	O
causes	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
every	O
year	O
affecting	O
mainly	O
children	O
under	O
5	O
years	O
old	O
and	O
also	O
the	O
elderly	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
recognized	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
50	O
years	O
,	O
limited	O
information	O
exists	O
about	O
the	O
incidence	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
no	O
specific	O
treatment	O
that	O
effectively	O
improves	O
outcome	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
paper	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
young	O
non	O
-	O
immunocompromised	O
refugee	O
from	O
Somalia	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
open	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	B-PATH
complicated	O
by	O
extensive	O
osseous	B-ANAT
involvement	O
and	O
a	O
broncho	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
esophageal	I-DISO
fistula	I-DISO
with	O
consecutive	O
aspiration	B-DISO
of	O
gastric	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
inhaled	B-PROC
agents	O
for	O
continuous	O
sedation	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
to	O
treat	O
or	O
prevent	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
is	O
lacking	O
.	O

The	O
curves	O
representing	O
the	O
concentrations	O
of	O
both	O
sevoflurane	B-CHED
and	O
isoflurane	B-CHED
dissolved	O
in	O
the	O
medium	O
showed	O
similar	O
courses	O
over	O
time	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
plateau	O
reached	O
at	O
one	O
hour	O
after	O
exposure	O
.	O

HCoV	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
9	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
(	O
313	O
/	O
3458	O
)	O
of	O
all	O
RTI	B-DISO
episodes	O
:	O
46	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
OC43	O
,	O
32	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
NL63	O
,	O
16	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
HKU1	O
,	O
and	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
229E	O
.	O

Despite	O
the	O
appropriate	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
his	O
symptoms	O
worsened	O
and	O
therefore	O
we	O
changed	O
his	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
from	O
a	O
reservoir	O
mask	O
to	O
nasal	B-ANAT
high	O
-	O
flow	O
oxygen	B-CHED
in	O
addition	O
to	O
minocycline	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
rapid	O
scoping	O
review	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
animal	B-SPEC
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
incidences	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
infants	O
were	O
1816	O
per	O
1000	O
person	O
-	O
years	O
for	O
primary	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
1204	O
per	O
1000	O
person	O
-	O
years	O
for	O
repeated	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
same	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Illness	O
duration	O
and	O
severity	O
were	O
not	O
significantly	O
different	O
in	O
the	O
infants	O
between	O
the	O
first	O
and	O
second	O
episodes	O
for	O
any	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
tested	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
in	O
returning	O
Hajj	O
and	O
Umrah	O
pilgrims	O
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
(	O
ARI	B-CHED
)	O
in	O
2014	O
-	O
2015	O
.	O

He	O
also	O
had	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
a	O
few	O
days	O
before	O
the	O
event	O
.	O

An	O
echocardiogram	O
revealed	O
severe	O
left	B-ANAT
ventricle	I-ANAT
(	O
LV	B-ANAT
)	O
systolic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
with	O
dilation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
LV	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	O
may	O
be	O
natural	O
reservoirs	O
for	O
a	O
large	O
variety	O
of	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoV	O
).	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
three	O
different	O
species	B-SPEC
:	O
the	O
greater	B-SPEC
horseshoe	I-SPEC
bat	I-SPEC
(	O
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
ferrumequinum	I-SPEC
),	O
the	O
brown	O
long	O
-	O
eared	O
bat	O
(	O
Plecotus	B-SPEC
auritus	I-SPEC
),	O
and	O
the	O
European	B-SPEC
free	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
tailed	I-SPEC
bat	B-ENZY
(	O
Tadarida	B-SPEC
teniotis	I-SPEC
).	O

Phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
based	O
on	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
)	O
sequences	O
assigned	O
the	O
detected	O
CoV	O
to	O
clade	O
2b	O
within	O
betacoronaviruses	O
,	O
clustering	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
bat	B-ENZY
CoVs	O
previously	O
reported	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effectiveness	O
of	O
ECMO	O
for	O
burn	O
-	O
related	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
therapy	O
is	O
a	O
management	O
option	O
for	O
severe	O
refractory	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
little	O
literature	O
reporting	O
the	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
this	O
therapy	O
in	O
burns	O
.	O

We	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
all	O
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
ECMO	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
received	O
their	O
burn	O
care	O
at	O
a	O
single	O
regional	O
burn	O
center	O
between	O
9	O
/	O
1	O
/	O
2006	O
and	O
8	O
/	O
31	O
/	O
2016	O
.	O

The	O
current	O
therapeutic	O
regime	O
is	O
comprised	O
of	O
supportive	O
measures	O
such	O
as	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
,	O
restrictive	O
fluid	O
management	O
,	O
paralyzing	O
drugs	O
,	O
and	O
prone	O
positioning	O
.	O

The	O
differences	O
of	O
demographic	O
indexes	O
(	O
gender	O
,	O
age	O
),	O
time	O
of	O
admission	O
,	O
type	O
of	O
injury	O
,	O
atrial	B-DISO
fibrillation	I-DISO
,	O
trachea	B-DISO
cannula	B-SPEC
,	O
multiple	O
injury	O
,	O
open	O
injury	O
,	O
shock	O
,	O
surgery	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
,	O
central	O
venous	B-ANAT
indwelling	O
catheter	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
routine	O
indexes	O
[	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
(	O
WBC	B-ANAT
),	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
(	O
RBC	B-ANAT
),	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
(	O
PLT	O
),	O
plateletcytocrit	O
(	O
PCT	B-DISO
),	O
hematocrit	O
(	O
Hct	O
)],	O
biochemical	O
indexes	O
[	O
total	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
(	O
TBil	O
),	O
albumin	B-PRGE
(	O
Alb	B-PRGE
),	O
serum	B-COMP
creatinine	B-CHED
(	O
SCr	O
),	O
blood	B-ANAT
sodium	O
,	O
blood	O
calcium	B-CHED
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
potassium	B-CHED
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
],	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
analysis	O
indexes	O
[	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
(	O
PaCO	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
303	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
trauma	O
,	O
including	O
223	O
males	O
and	O
80	O
females	O
,	O
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
of	O
3	O
176	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
aged	O
≥	O
14	O
years	O
old	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
room	O
of	O
Xuanwu	O
Hospital	O
Capital	O
Medical	O
University	O
from	O
January	O
1st	O
to	O
December	O
31st	O
in	O
2017	O
were	O
analyzed	O
,	O
including	O
gender	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
clinical	O
time	O
,	O
discharge	B-ANAT
diagnosis	O
,	O
outcomes	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O

To	O
analyze	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
characteristics	O
and	O
disease	O
spectrum	O
distribution	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
,	O
annual	O
and	O
daily	O
24	O
-	O
hour	O
emergency	B-DISO
visits	O
in	O
2017	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Approximately	O
10	O
%	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
MERS	O
were	O
HCWs	O
.	O

To	O
conduct	B-PROC
highly	O
accurate	O
and	O
effective	O
infection	B-DISO
screening	O
,	O
we	O
are	O
working	O
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
contactless	O
infection	B-DISO
screening	O
system	O
using	O
Doppler	O
radar	O
and	O
thermography	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
reveals	O
that	O
neboviruses	O
circulate	O
widely	O
in	O
dairy	O
cows	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
and	O
exhibit	O
a	O
unique	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
inferred	O
that	O
CpG	O
ODNs	O
,	O
when	O
delivered	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
,	O
provide	O
protection	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
induced	I-DISO
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
with	O
an	O
enhanced	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
three	O
strains	O
of	O
Alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
genera	I-PRGE
detected	O
in	O
Italian	O
bats	B-SPEC
(	O
Pipistrellus	B-SPEC
kuhlii	I-SPEC
)	O
were	O
fully	O
sequenced	O
by	O
Next	O
Generation	O
Sequencing	O
(	O
NGS	O
)	O
and	O
characterized	O
.	O

The	O
complete	O
genome	O
analysis	O
showed	O
the	O
correlation	O
of	O
the	O
Italians	O
strains	O
with	O
a	O
Chinese	O
strain	O
detected	O
in	O
2013	O
and	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
CoV	O
molecular	O
species	B-SPEC
demarcation	O
,	O
two	O
new	O
Alpha	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
species	B-SPEC
were	O
established	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
the	O
543	O
patients	O
who	O
underwent	O
pneumonectomy	O
in	O
the	O
period	O
of	O
study	O
,	O
89	O
(	O
16	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
needed	O
reintubation	O
within	O
the	O
30th	O
postoperative	O
day	O
and	O
60	O
of	O
these	O
(	O
11	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
pneumonectomies	O
)	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Safety	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
established	O
for	O
administration	O
of	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
NMBAs	O
have	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
reduction	O
of	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
at	O
24	O
hours	O
(	O
WMD	O
,	O
26	O
.	O
83	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
89	O
to	O
59	O
.	O
55	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
108	O
;	O
I	O
=	O
82	O
.	O
4	O
%;	O
4	O
trials	O
,	O
447	O
patients	O
),	O
and	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
(	O
WMD	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
43	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
46	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
31	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
345	O
;	O
4	O
trials	O
,	O
455	O
patients	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
positive	O
end	O
expiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
WMD	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
10	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
47	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
67	O
;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
73	O
;	O
4	O
trials	O
,	O
455	O
patients	O
)	O
at	O
48	O
hours	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
determined	O
the	O
complete	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
of	O
BP	O
-	O
caKII	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
genetic	O
changes	O
related	O
to	O
cold	B-DISO
adaptation	B-PROC
.	O

According	O
to	O
our	O
results	O
,	O
BP	O
-	O
caKII	O
clustered	O
with	O
the	O
KII	O
genotype	O
viruses	B-SPEC
K2	O
and	O
KM91	O
,	O
and	O
showed	O
less	O
pathogenicity	O
than	O
K2	O
,	O
a	O
live	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Initiation	O
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
and	O
its	O
recovery	O
occur	O
independent	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
SCID	B-DISO
with	O
T	O
and	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
deficiency	O
)	O
are	O
particularly	O
susceptible	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characteristics	O
,	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
in	O
Japan	O
:	O
the	O
FORECAST	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Sepsis	O
is	O
a	O
leading	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
disability	O
in	O
developed	O
countries	O
.	O

We	O
included	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
based	O
on	O
the	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
2	O
criteria	O
.	O

The	O
compliance	O
rates	O
for	O
the	O
entire	O
3	O
-	O
h	O
bundle	O
,	O
measurement	O
of	O
central	O
venous	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
assessment	O
of	O
central	O
venous	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	I-PROC
were	O
64	O
%,	O
26	O
%,	O
and	O
7	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Our	O
prospective	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
sepsis	B-DISO
management	O
in	O
Japan	O
was	O
characterized	O
by	O
a	O
high	O
compliance	O
rate	O
for	O
the	O
3	O
-	O
h	O
bundle	O
and	O
low	O
compliance	O
rate	O
for	O
central	O
venous	B-ANAT
catheter	O
measurements	O
.	O

The	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
the	O
Ebola	B-DISO
Virus	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
(	O
EVD	O
),	O
EBOV	O
can	O
be	O
undoubtedly	O
considered	O
the	O
perfect	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
powerful	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
organism	I-COMP
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
activation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Circulation	B-PROC
and	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
type	O
I	O
and	O
II	O
from	O
clinically	O
healthy	O
and	O
FIP	O
-	O
suspected	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
inhibition	B-PROC
assay	O
to	O
study	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibody	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
using	O
image	O
cytometry	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
lncRNA	O
expression	B-PROC
profiles	O
during	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
porcine	B-SPEC
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
-	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
2	O
(	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
)	O
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
by	O
next	O
-	O
generation	O
sequencing	O
and	O
identified	O
6188	O
novel	O
lncRNAs	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
all	O
antisera	O
failed	O
to	O
neutralize	O
all	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
As	O
key	O
regulators	O
of	O
cell	O
signaling	O
,	O
protein	B-PRGE
kinases	I-PRGE
(	O
PKs	B-COMP
)	O
are	O
attractive	O
targets	O
for	O
therapeutic	O
intervention	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
diseases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
TW	O
-	O
like	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
have	O
appeared	O
frequently	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
.	O

Both	O
strains	O
could	O
cause	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
and	O
renal	B-ANAT
lesions	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
were	O
approximately	O
20	O
%.	O

In	O
this	O
prospective	O
observational	O
study	O
,	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
assessment	O
by	O
trans	O
-	O
esophageal	O
Doppler	O
(	O
TED	O
)	O
was	O
done	O
with	O
the	O
primary	O
aim	O
of	O
measuring	O
early	O
changes	O
in	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
index	O
(	O
CI	O
),	O
if	O
any	O
,	O
after	O
prone	O
positioning	O
in	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
42	O
-	O
day	O
study	O
evaluated	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
dietary	O
supplementation	O
with	O
β	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
-	O
glucan	O
(	O
Aleta	O
™)	O
on	O
the	O
vaccination	O
response	O
to	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
),	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bursal	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
IBD	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
a	O
non	O
-	O
challenged	O
environment	O
.	O

Surprisingly	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
significant	O
separation	B-DISO
among	O
treatment	O
groups	O
for	O
NDV	B-SPEC
titer	O
levels	O
,	O
especially	O
on	O
day	O
21	O
,	O
where	O
birds	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
and	O
supplemented	O
with	O
Aleta	O
had	O
significantly	O
higher	O
titer	O
levels	O
compared	O
to	O
vaccination	O
alone	O
or	O
no	O
vaccination	O
at	O
all	O
.	O

Critically	O
,	O
only	O
14	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
birds	B-SPEC
receiving	O
the	O
vaccine	O
plus	O
Aleta	O
had	O
titer	O
levels	O
below	O
the	O
critical	O
titer	O
threshold	O
for	O
immunity	B-PROC
compared	O
to	O
28	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
birds	B-SPEC
receiving	O
the	O
vaccine	O
alone	O
and	O
40	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
unvaccinated	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Reye	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
sudden	B-DISO
death	I-DISO
symptoms	O
after	O
oral	B-ANAT
administration	O
of	O
nimesulide	B-CHED
due	O
to	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
infection	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
boy	O
].	O

R114H	O
),	O
from	O
his	O
mother	O
and	O
a	O
novel	B-DISO
mutation	I-DISO
,	O
c	O
.	O
1484C	O
>	O
G	O
(	O
p	O
.	O

Reye	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
sudden	B-DISO
death	I-DISO
symptoms	O
were	O
caused	O
by	O
nimesulide	B-CHED
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
metabolic	B-PROC
crisis	O
.	O

In	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
adjusting	O
for	O
H1N1	O
status	O
,	O
patients	O
without	O
empirical	O
systemic	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
were	O
33	O
times	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
any	O
VTE	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
treated	O
with	O
empirical	O
systemic	O
heparin	B-CHED
anticoagulation	B-PROC
(	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

The	O
Metropole	O
Hotel	O
hastened	O
the	O
international	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
by	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
infecting	O
visitors	O
from	O
Singapore	O
,	O
Vietnam	O
,	O
Canada	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
local	O
people	O
via	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
and	O
the	O
environmental	O
contamination	O
.	O

The	O
IRI	B-ANAT
after	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
is	O
primarily	O
manifested	O
by	O
permeability	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
endothelial	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
injury	O
as	O
seen	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Admissions	O
for	O
trauma	O
or	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
higher	O
nonpulmonary	O
sequential	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
assessment	O
score	O
,	O
lower	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
/	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
higher	O
peak	O
inspiratory	B-PROC
pressure	O
were	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
worsening	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
caused	O
multiple	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Bioaerosol	O
Sampling	O
for	O
Respiratory	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Singapore	O
'	O
s	O
Mass	O
Rapid	O
Transit	O
Network	O
.	O

This	O
risk	O
has	O
been	O
recently	O
reinforced	O
by	O
human	O
epidemics	O
in	O
Singapore	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
A	O
virus	O
,	O
and	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
71	O
.	O

Our	O
pilot	O
study	O
data	O
support	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
employing	O
bioaerosol	O
samplers	O
in	O
crowded	O
public	O
spaces	O
to	O
noninvasively	O
monitor	O
for	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
circulating	O
in	O
communities	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
outer	O
surface	O
,	O
virus	O
has	O
spike	O
like	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
attachment	O
and	O
entrance	O
inside	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

Viruses	B-SPEC
coinfected	O
frequently	O
with	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
in	O
children	O
were	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
26	O
;	O
14	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
/	O
B	O
(	O
19	O
;	O
10	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
14	O
;	O
8	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	B-SPEC
)-	O
HKU1	O
(	O
14	O
;	O
8	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
CoV	B-SPEC
-	O
OC43	O
(	O
5	O
;	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
CoV	B-SPEC
-	O
229E	O
(	O
2	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
A	O
/	O
B	O
(	O
5	O
;	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
6	O
;	O
3	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
5	O
;	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
1	O
(	O
3	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
and	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
3	O
(	O
2	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
%).	O

We	O
present	O
skew	O
value	O
trees	O
for	O
the	O
four	O
virus	O
families	O
and	O
show	O
that	O
closely	O
related	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
placed	O
in	O
small	O
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bronchiolitis	B-DISO
epidemiology	O
.	O

Other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
also	O
identified	O
(	O
métapneumovirus	O
,	O
rhino	O
/	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
…).	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
review	O
current	O
advances	O
in	O
neutralizing	O
mAbs	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
target	O
,	O
and	O
mouse	B-SPEC
,	O
camel	B-SPEC
,	O
or	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
derived	O
neutralizing	O
mAbs	O
targeting	B-PROC
RBD	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viral	O
infections	O
are	O
strongly	O
associated	O
with	O
asthma	B-PATH
exacerbations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Underweight	O
,	O
overweight	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
obesity	B-DISO
as	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
hospitalization	O
in	O
adults	O
and	O
children	O
from	O
influenza	O
and	O
other	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Adults	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
hospitalized	O
if	O
they	O
were	O
underweight	O
(	O
OR	O
:	O
5	O
.	O
20	O
),	O
obese	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
:	O
3	O
.	O
18	O
),	O
or	O
morbidly	O
obese	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
:	O
18	O
.	O
40	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
normal	O
-	O
weight	O
adults	O
.	O

Beyond	O
the	O
rescue	O
of	O
patients	O
dying	B-PROC
of	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
ECMO	O
may	O
now	O
be	O
used	O
early	O
in	O
severe	O
ARDS	O
patients	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
intensity	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
to	O
minimize	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
a	O
more	O
detailed	O
study	O
was	O
undertaken	O
in	O
SPF	O
layer	B-ANAT
-	O
type	O
chickens	B-SPEC
primed	O
with	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Mass	O
and	O
793B	O
vaccines	O
.	O

In	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
of	O
PVOD	B-DISO
is	O
scarce	O
and	O
the	O
cause	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
this	O
disease	O
is	O
still	O
unknown	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
case	O
,	O
no	O
casual	O
genetic	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
known	O
to	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
with	O
PVOD	B-DISO
and	O
PAH	B-DISO
were	O
found	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Precise	O
administration	O
of	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
iCO	O
is	O
feasible	O
,	O
well	O
-	O
tolerated	O
,	O
and	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
safe	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Obtained	O
data	O
confirm	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
entry	O
in	O
respiratory	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
of	O
llamas	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Single	O
-	O
Step	O
Gold	B-CHED
Nanoparticle	I-CHED
-	O
Blood	B-COMP
Serum	I-COMP
Interaction	O
Assay	O
Reveals	O
Humoral	B-PROC
Immunity	I-PROC
Development	B-PROC
and	O
Immune	B-PROC
Status	I-PROC
of	O
Animals	B-SPEC
from	O
Neonates	O
to	O
Adults	O
.	O

Newborn	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
humans	B-SPEC
have	O
only	O
limited	O
immunity	B-PROC
upon	O
birth	B-PROC
,	O
but	O
their	O
immune	O
functions	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
develop	O
within	O
weeks	O
to	O
months	O
and	O
eventually	O
to	O
reach	B-PROC
a	O
maturity	O
that	O
will	O
provide	O
full	O
protection	O
.	O

The	O
test	O
detects	O
a	O
cooperative	O
interaction	O
between	O
a	O
gold	B-CHED
nanoparticle	I-CHED
and	O
arguably	O
the	O
three	O
most	O
important	O
proteins	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
:	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
(	O
IgM	B-PRGE
),	O
immunoglobulin	B-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
at	O
least	O
one	B-PRGE
complement	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
C3	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
blood	B-COMP
serum	I-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
features	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
of	O
two	O
Massachusetts	O
(	O
Mass	O
)	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
variants	O
isolated	O
from	O
Western	O
Canadian	O
layer	B-ANAT
flocks	O
.	O

Although	O
variant	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolates	O
with	O
major	O
genetic	O
differences	O
have	O
been	O
subjected	O
to	O
comparative	O
studies	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
unknown	O
whether	O
minor	O
genetic	O
differences	O
in	O
IBV	B-SPEC
variants	O
within	O
a	O
serotype	O
are	O
different	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
eliciting	O
host	B-COMP
responses	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
upon	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
originating	O
from	O
AB	O
was	O
different	O
to	O
the	O
one	O
that	O
originated	O
in	O
SK	O
due	O
to	O
higher	O
tracheal	O
lesion	O
scores	O
and	O
lower	O
lung	B-ANAT
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
lower	O
genome	O
loads	O
in	O
cecal	B-ANAT
tonsils	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Risk	O
factors	O
and	O
the	O
associated	O
limit	O
values	O
for	O
abnormal	O
elevation	O
of	O
extravascular	O
lung	B-ANAT
water	B-CHED
in	O
severely	O
burned	O
adults	O
.	O

This	O
prospective	O
,	O
single	O
-	O
center	O
study	O
included	O
only	O
adults	O
with	O
burn	O
sizes	O
≥	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
surface	I-ANAT
area	O
(	O
TBSA	O
)	O
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
within	O
24h	O
after	O
burn	O
.	O

They	O
received	O
significantly	O
lower	O
cumulative	O
doses	O
of	O
opioids	O
(	O
median	O
,	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
14	O
.	O
2	O
vs	O
16	O
.	O
2	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
benzodiazepines	B-CHED
(	O
10	O
.	O
6	O
vs	O
14	O
.	O
4	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
was	O
accelerated	O
by	O
TRIM8	B-PRGE
over	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
while	O
being	O
alleviated	O
by	O
TRIM8	B-PRGE
knockdown	O
by	O
regulating	O
Nrf2	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
TRIM8	B-PRGE
knockdown	O
evidently	O
improved	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	O
-	O
erythroid	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
Nrf2	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
heme	B-PRGE
oxygenase	B-PROC
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
HO	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
)	O
expressions	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
treated	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
anti	O
-	O
oxidant	B-CHED
role	O
of	O
TRIM8	B-PRGE
-	O
silence	B-DISO
might	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
AMPKα	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
.	O

Further	O
analysis	O
verified	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
eight	O
selected	O
circRNAs	O
and	O
confirmed	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
alerted	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
patterns	O
of	O
circRNAs	O
and	O
their	O
linear	O
parent	O
genes	O
in	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
infant	O
'	O
s	O
initial	O
course	O
was	O
significant	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
grade	O
III	O
-	O
IV	O
intraventricular	B-DISO
hemorrhage	I-DISO
(	O
IVH	O
),	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
large	O
PDA	B-DISO
.	O

CDI	B-DISO
is	O
an	O
uncommon	O
cause	O
of	O
hypernatremia	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
neonatal	O
period	O
.	O

CDI	B-DISO
in	O
our	O
patient	O
was	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
grade	O
III	O
-	O
IV	O
IVH	O
complicated	O
by	O
post	O
-	O
hemorrhagic	O
hydrocephalus	B-DISO
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
ADH	B-FUNC
levels	O
can	O
be	O
helpful	O
in	O
confirming	O
the	O
central	O
origin	O
of	O
DI	O
and	O
subcutaneous	O
desmopressin	B-CHED
can	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
treatment	O
in	O
the	O
preterm	O
infant	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Replication	O
of	O
MERS	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronaviruses	O
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
cells	B-COMP
offers	O
insights	O
to	O
their	O
ancestral	O
origins	O
.	O

Bat	B-ENZY
dipeptidyl	B-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
)	O
sequences	O
were	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
non	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
primates	B-SPEC
but	O
distinct	O
from	O
dromedary	B-PRGE
DPP4	I-PRGE
sequence	I-PRGE
.	O

Critical	O
residues	O
for	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
were	O
mostly	O
conserved	O
in	O
bat	B-ENZY
DPP4	B-PRGE
.	O

DPP4	B-PRGE
was	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
five	O
bat	B-ENZY
cells	B-COMP
susceptible	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
with	O
significantly	O
higher	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
susceptible	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0174	O
),	O
supporting	O
that	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
is	O
critical	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

PLDs	B-PRGE
were	O
installed	O
with	O
25	O
-	O
400	O
TAT	B-ENZY
peptides	B-CHED
per	O
liposome	O
without	O
an	O
effect	O
on	O
PLD	O
stability	O
.	O

A	O
protein	B-CHED
corona	B-CHED
(	O
PC	O
)	O
on	O
TAT	B-ENZY
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
modified	O
PLDs	O
shields	O
the	O
active	O
moieties	O
and	O
effectively	O
reduces	O
clearance	O
of	O
the	O
TAT	B-ENZY
peptide	B-CHED
containing	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
.	O

A	O
sensitive	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
method	O
is	O
urgently	O
required	O
to	O
detect	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
ventilator	O
communicates	O
with	O
the	O
concentrator	O
to	O
increase	O
or	O
decrease	O
oxygen	B-CHED
bolus	O
size	O
to	O
maintain	O
a	O
target	O
SpO2	O
of	O
94	O
%.	O

Experiments	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
used	O
oxygen	B-CHED
bolus	O
sizes	O
16	O
-	O
96	O
mL	O
in	O
16	O
-	O
mL	O
increments	O
and	O
experiment	O
3	O
used	O
1	O
mL	O
increments	O
.	O

PEEP	B-CHED
range	O
was	O
5	O
-	O
14	O
cm	O
H2O	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Driving	O
pressure	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
outcomes	O
in	O
moderate	O
/	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
may	O
present	O
impaired	B-DISO
in	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
structure	O
after	O
hospital	O
discharge	B-ANAT
that	O
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
strategy	O
.	O

At	O
6	O
months	O
driving	O
pressure	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
lower	O
FVC	B-PROC
independently	O
on	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
and	O
baseline	O
static	O
respiratory	O
compliance	O
after	O
adjustments	O
(	O
r	O
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Even	O
in	O
patients	O
ventilated	O
with	O
protective	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
higher	O
driving	O
pressure	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
worse	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
structure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
care	O
lung	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
manifestations	O
of	O
malaria	B-PATH
and	O
sepsis	B-SPEC
:	O
An	O
observational	O
study	O
.	O

Serial	O
point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
care	O
lung	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
studies	O
were	O
performed	O
on	O
four	O
consecutive	O
days	O
in	O
a	O
planned	O
sub	O
study	O
of	O
an	O
observational	O
cohort	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
malaria	B-PATH
or	O
sepsis	B-DISO
in	O
Bangladesh	O
.	O

Of	O
102	O
patients	O
enrolled	O
,	O
71	O
had	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
31	O
had	O
malaria	B-PATH
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
remains	O
a	O
significant	O
source	O
of	O
loss	O
in	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
and	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
disease	O
from	O
spreading	O
.	O

Constructed	O
recombinant	O
pAE	O
/	O
n	O
expression	B-PROC
vectors	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
transform	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
BL21	B-ANAT
(	O
DE3	O
)	O
Star	B-DISO
competent	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
Invitrogen	O
).	O

The	O
expected	O
cDNA	O
fragment	O
of	O
approximately	O
1240	O
bp	O
was	O
successfully	O
amplified	O
by	O
PCR	O
using	O
primers	O
designed	O
to	O
select	O
for	O
the	O
coding	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
N	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
SDS	B-DISO
-	O
PAGE	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
two	O
distinct	O
bands	O
that	O
had	O
a	O
molecular	O
mass	O
of	O
approximately	O
45	O
and	O
50	O
KDa	O
.	O

Out	O
of	O
145	O
sera	B-COMP
that	O
scored	O
negative	O
in	O
the	O
IDEXX	O
IBV	B-SPEC
Ab	O
Test	O
,	O
131	O
also	O
scored	O
negative	O
in	O
the	O
ELISA	O
-	O
rN	O
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
specificity	O
of	O
90	O
.	O
34	O
%.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Single	O
photon	B-CHED
emission	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
SPECT	O
)	O
is	O
frequently	O
used	O
in	O
oncology	O
and	O
cardiology	O
to	O
evaluate	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
and	O
/	O
or	O
treatment	O
efficacy	O
.	O

Such	O
technology	O
allows	O
for	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
evaluation	O
of	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
and	O
when	O
applied	O
to	O
studying	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
may	O
provide	O
insight	O
into	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Viral	O
entry	O
is	O
affected	O
by	O
the	O
disruption	O
of	O
actin	B-PRGE
kinetics	O
or	O
alteration	O
of	O
cofilin	B-PRGE
activity	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
PHEV	O
utilizes	O
the	O
integrin	B-PRGE
α5β1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
FAK	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Rac1	I-PRGE
/	O
Cdc42	B-PRGE
-	O
PAK	B-PRGE
-	O
LIMK	B-PRGE
-	O
cofilin	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
to	O
cause	O
an	O
actin	B-PRGE
cytoskeletal	B-COMP
rearrangement	B-PROC
to	O
promote	O
its	O
own	O
invasion	B-DISO
,	O
providing	O
theoretical	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
PHEV	O
pathogenic	O
mechanisms	O
and	O
new	O
antiviral	B-CHED
targets	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Intestinal	B-ANAT
Enteroids	O
:	O
a	O
New	O
Model	O
for	O
Studying	O
Enteric	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
Porcine	B-SPEC
Epidemic	B-DISO
Diarrhea	I-DISO
Virus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
Host	B-COMP
Innate	O
Response	O
.	O

Hemodynamic	B-PROC
stability	O
was	O
rapidly	O
achieved	O
and	O
the	O
improvement	O
in	O
contractility	O
imaged	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
by	O
transesophageal	O
echocardiography	O
.	O

Ignoring	O
these	O
acute	O
-	O
level	O
infections	B-DISO
may	O
lead	O
to	O
complications	O
.	O

Particularly	O
in	O
Pakistan	O
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
account	O
for	O
20	O
%	O
to	O
30	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
deaths	B-PROC
of	O
children	O
.	O

Even	O
though	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
are	O
common	O
,	O
insufficiency	O
of	O
accessible	O
data	O
hinders	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
summary	O
of	O
the	O
problem	O
.	O

A	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
organized	O
communities	O
and	O
RSV	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
was	O
revealed	O
.	O

This	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
has	O
been	O
named	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
2013	O
,	O
China	O
WHO	O
reported	O
new	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
H7N9	O
infected	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
patholog	O
-	O
ical	O
study	O
of	O
post	O
-	O
mortem	O
biopsied	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
revealed	O
that	O
H5N1	B-DISO
infected	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
epithe	O
-	O
lial	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
caused	O
primary	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
subsequently	O
developed	O
into	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Undifferentiated	O
fever	B-PROC
challenges	O
physicians	O
to	O
correctly	O
diagnose	O
and	O
includes	O
ma	O
-	O
laria	O
,	O
dengue	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
enteric	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
.	O

METHODS	O
:	O
The	O
MEDLINE	O
/	O
PubMed	O
and	O
Scopus	B-SPEC
databases	O
were	O
searched	O
for	O
relevant	O
papers	O
published	O
till	O
August	O
2018	O
describing	O
asymptomatic	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
coronary	B-ANAT
angiography	O
revealed	O
no	O
noticeable	O
stenotic	O
or	O
obstructive	O
lesions	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
highly	O
conserved	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
served	O
as	O
a	O
target	O
immunogen	B-CHED
to	O
elicit	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
specific	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
identification	O
of	O
this	O
epitope	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
the	O
MVA	B-CHED
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
N	O
candidate	O
vaccine	O
,	O
will	O
help	O
to	O
evaluate	O
MERS	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
specific	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
the	O
potential	O
immune	O
correlates	O
of	O
vaccine	O
-	O
mediated	O
protection	O
in	O
the	O
appropriate	O
murine	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transcatheter	O
aortic	O
valve	O
replacement	O
is	O
indicated	O
for	O
severe	O
symptomatic	B-DISO
aortic	I-DISO
stenosis	B-SPEC
in	O
patients	O
who	O
have	O
a	O
very	O
high	O
or	O
prohibitive	O
surgical	O
risk	O
as	O
assessed	O
pre	O
-	O
procedurally	O
by	O
the	O
Society	O
of	O
Thoracic	B-DISO
Surgery	O
Risk	O
Score	O
,	O
EuroSCORE	O
(	O
II	O
),	O
frailty	O
testing	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
predictors	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
aortic	B-DISO
stenosis	B-SPEC
most	O
often	O
develop	O
symmetric	O
hypertrophy	B-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
a	O
small	O
subset	O
has	O
asymmetric	B-DISO
septal	I-DISO
hypertrophy	I-DISO
leading	O
to	O
left	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
outflow	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
.	O

Diagnosing	O
a	O
left	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
outflow	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
obstruction	I-DISO
as	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
during	O
transcatheter	O
aortic	B-ANAT
valve	I-ANAT
replacement	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
abnormal	O
findings	O
on	O
echocardiogram	O
preoperatively	O
,	O
requires	O
a	O
high	O
index	O
of	O
clinical	O
suspicion	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
non	O
-	O
prime	O
site	O
substituent	O
and	O
warheads	O
combined	O
with	O
a	O
decahydroisoquinolin	O
scaffold	O
was	O
evaluated	O
as	O
a	O
novel	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
for	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
chymotrypsin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
(	O
3CL	O

A	O
2	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
preterm	O
male	O
was	O
admitted	O
for	O
severe	O
Bordetella	B-SPEC
pertussis	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
with	O
potential	O
to	O
cause	O
global	O
pandemics	O
remains	O
a	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
and	O
economy	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
MERS	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
spread	O
mainly	O
by	O
droplets	O
through	O
close	O
contact	O
,	O
but	O
long	O
-	O
distance	O
dispersion	O
is	O
probable	O
in	O
certain	O
environments	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
super	O
-	O
spreader	O
patient	O
hospitalized	O
in	O
a	O
room	O
without	O
ventilation	O
,	O
hospitals	O
with	O
a	O
central	O
corridor	O
type	O
,	O
and	O
indoor	O
airflow	B-PROC
dispersion	O
due	O
to	O
external	O
wind	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Conservation	O
implications	O
of	O
primate	B-SPEC
trade	O
in	O
China	O
over	O
18	O
years	O
based	O
on	O
web	B-DISO
news	O
reports	O
of	O
confiscations	O
.	O

To	O
assess	O
a	O
proxy	O
for	O
amount	O
of	O
national	O
primate	B-SPEC
trades	O
,	O
we	O
quantified	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
reports	O
of	O
native	O
primate	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
featuring	O
in	O
unique	O
web	B-DISO
news	O
reports	O
from	O
2000	O
to	O
2017	O
,	O
including	O
accuracy	O
of	O
their	O
identification	O
,	O
location	O
where	O
they	O
were	O
confiscated	O
or	O
rescued	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
condition	B-DISO
upon	O
rescue	O
.	O

Infective	B-DISO
endocarditis	I-DISO
(	O
IE	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
rare	O
cause	O
of	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
but	O
carries	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Estimating	O
severity	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemics	O
from	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
SARI	O
)	O
in	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
will	O
provide	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
outline	O
of	O
the	O
cytokine	O
-	O
mediated	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
disease	O
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
in	O
NHP	O
models	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
that	O
can	O
aid	O
in	O
prevention	O
/	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
syndromes	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
792	O
camel	B-SPEC
plasma	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
by	O
ELISA	O
.	O

Only	O
11	O
camel	B-SPEC
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
quantitative	O
PCR	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
whole	O
genome	O
sequences	O
showed	O
that	O
Kenyan	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
clustered	O
within	O
sub	O
-	O
clade	O
C2	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
African	O
clade	O
,	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
contain	O
signature	O
deletions	O
of	O
orf4b	O
in	O
African	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
genetic	O
variability	O
of	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
challenges	O
for	O
its	O
control	O
,	O
hindering	O
not	O
only	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
effective	O
vaccination	O
strategies	O
but	O
also	O
its	O
classification	O
and	O
,	O
consequently	O
,	O
epidemiology	O
understanding	O
.	O

A	O
collection	O
of	O
worldwide	O
available	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
(	O
HVR12	O
)	O
and	O
3	O
(	O
HVR3	O
)	O
sequences	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
analysed	O
together	O
with	O
258	O
HVR3	O
sequences	O
obtained	O
from	O
samples	O
collected	O
in	O
Italy	O
(	O
the	O
country	O
where	O
this	O
genotype	O
was	O
initially	O
identified	O
)	O
since	O
1963	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
although	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
recent	O
Italian	O
GI	O
-	O
16	O
strains	O
originated	O
from	O
ancestral	O
viruses	B-SPEC
detected	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
country	O
,	O
a	O
couple	O
were	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
Chinese	O
ones	O
,	O
supporting	O
a	O
backward	O
viral	O
flow	O
from	O
China	O
to	O
Italy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
describe	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
lung	O
mechanics	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
complicating	B-DISO
pregnancy	I-DISO
.	O

211	O
women	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
admitted	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
27	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
pregnant	O
subjects	O
.	O

The	O
case	O
1	O
patient	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
muscle	B-DISO
weakness	I-DISO
in	O
all	O
extremities	B-ANAT
after	O
withdrawing	O
the	O
mechanical	O
ventilator	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
case	O
2	O
patient	O
was	O
found	O
when	O
withdrawing	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
both	O
of	O
these	O
conditions	O
prolonged	O
ventilator	O
-	O
weaning	B-PROC
time	O
.	O

This	O
notion	O
is	O
supported	O
by	O
preclinical	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
genome	O
-	O
wide	O
association	O
studies	O
(	O
GWAS	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
approved	O
disease	O
modifying	O
therapies	O
(	O
DMTs	O
)	O
that	O
suppress	O
clinical	O
relapse	B-DISO
and	O
are	O
designed	O
to	O
impede	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
activated	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
into	O
the	O
CNS	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
causes	O
alterations	O
to	O
viral	O
genetic	O
makeup	O
thereby	O
increasing	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
emergence	O
of	O
pathogens	O
with	O
new	O
and	O
more	O
potent	O
infectivity	O
.	O

Network	O
centrality	O
metrics	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
characterize	O
hospital	O
-	O
acquired	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
HA	O
-	O
MERS	O
)	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
between	O
2012	O
and	O
2016	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
investigation	O
also	O
revealed	O
that	O
patients	O
with	O
an	O
HA	O
-	O
MERS	O
infection	B-DISO
experienced	O
a	O
significantly	O
longer	O
hospital	O
stay	O
and	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
die	O
from	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

A	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
was	O
taken	O
for	O
multiplex	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
detection	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
HPIV	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HcoV	O
),	O
adenoviurs	O
,	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HboV	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
hMPV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
).	O

This	O
study	O
uses	O
a	O
qualitative	O
case	O
study	O
approach	O
,	O
including	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
interviews	O
,	O
literature	O
review	O
,	O
and	O
document	O
,	O
to	O
analysis	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
2003	O
and	O
H7N9	O
in	O
2013	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
identified	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
communication	O
with	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
process	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
H7N9	O
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
rate	O
of	O
treatment	O
failure	O
and	O
relapse	B-DISO
appear	O
high	O
in	O
that	O
population	O
(	O
up	O
to	O
30	O
%),	O
with	O
significant	O
impact	O
on	O
mortality	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
ECMO	O
duration	O
.	O

The	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
membrane	B-COMP
(	O
M	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
decisive	O
protein	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
proliferation	B-DISO
of	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
virus	B-PROC
assembly	I-PROC
and	O
budding	B-PATH
.	O

A	O
knockdown	O
of	O
EIF4A2	B-PRGE
by	O
siRNA	O
markedly	O
decreased	O
M	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
proliferation	B-DISO
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
replication	O
in	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
provides	O
mechanistic	O
insight	O
into	O
the	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
M	O
protein	B-CHED
and	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
which	O
contributes	O
to	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
replication	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
therapeutic	O
strategies	O
for	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
was	O
difficulty	O
achieving	O
an	O
activated	O
clotting	B-PROC
time	O
(	O
ACT	O
)	O
>	O
400	O
s	O
:	O
multiple	O
argatroban	B-CHED
bolus	O
doses	O
were	O
required	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
accelerated	O
up	O
-	O
titration	O
of	O
infusion	O
dosing	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
and	O
Laboratory	O
Findings	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
in	O
Avian	B-SPEC
Species	B-SPEC
-	O
Review	O
with	O
Focus	O
on	O
Epidemiology	O
and	O
Diagnosis	O
in	O
Wild	O
Birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
CoVs	O
other	O
than	O
IBVs	O
,	O
are	O
identified	O
in	O
wild	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
suggests	O
that	O
wild	O
birds	B-SPEC
play	O
a	O
key	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
other	O
gammaCoVs	O
and	O
deltaCoVs	O
.	O

To	O
decompose	O
the	O
time	O
-	O
series	O
data	O
,	O
Empirical	O
Mode	O
Decomposition	O
(	O
EMD	B-DISO
)	O
was	O
applied	O
to	O
properly	O
describe	O
the	O
trends	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
AIDS	O
incidence	O
.	O

Northwest	O
China	O
and	O
older	O
people	O
could	O
be	O
new	O
""""	O
hop	B-SPEC
-	O
spots	B-DISO
""""	O
for	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
AIDS	O
risk	O
.	O

Flail	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
was	O
defined	O
as	O
segment	O
fracture	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
three	O
consecutive	O
ribs	B-ANAT
on	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
side	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
367	O
patients	O
(	O
61	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
had	O
a	O
serial	O
rib	B-CHED
fracture	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Flail	B-DISO
chest	I-DISO
had	O
no	O
independent	O
influence	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
injury	O
severity	O
on	O
post	O
-	O
traumatic	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
multiply	O
injured	O
patients	O
with	O
blunt	O
thoracic	B-DISO
trauma	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MMI	B-CHED
-	O
0100	O
ameliorates	O
lung	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
by	O
reducing	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
expression	B-PROC
of	O
ICAM	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
mice	B-SPEC
were	O
randomly	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
groups	O
:	O
a	O
control	O
group	O
,	O
an	O
lipopolysaccharides	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
)	O
group	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
LPS	B-DISO
plus	O
MMI	B-CHED
-	O
0100	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Current	O
Understanding	O
of	O
Humoral	B-PROC
Immunity	I-PROC
to	O
Enterovirus	B-SPEC
D68	O
.	O

Seroepidemiologic	O
studies	O
have	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
nearly	O
everyone	O
older	O
than	O
2	O
to	O
5	O
years	O
contains	O
anti	O
-	O
EV	O
-	O
D68	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
which	O
suggests	O
that	O
EV	O
-	O
D68	O
is	O
a	O
ubiquitous	O
pathogen	O
of	O
childhood	O
.	O

When	O
ANNs	O
model	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
identify	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
area	O
under	O
ROC	O
was	O
0	O
.	O
859	O
+	O
0	O
.	O
048	O
.	O

ANNs	O
model	O
is	O
a	O
valuable	O
tool	O
in	O
dealing	O
with	O
risk	O
prediction	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
following	O
SAP	O
.	O

1	O
973	O
patients	O
with	O
AP	O
in	O
Hunan	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
from	O
2012	O
to	O
2017	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
enrolled	O
and	O
divided	O
by	O
SIRS	B-DISO
duration	O
into	O
the	O
persistent	O
SIRS	B-DISO
group	O
,	O
temporary	O
SIRS	B-DISO
group	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
SIRS	B-DISO
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
with	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
is	O
easy	O
to	O
induce	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
traditional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
cannot	O
correct	O
hypoxemia	O
,	O
so	O
patients	O
may	O
die	O
from	O
multiple	B-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
MOF	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
persistent	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
.	O

After	O
13	O
days	O
of	O
ECMO	O
support	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
successfully	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
ECMO	O
and	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
a	O
general	O
ward	O
after	O
55	O
days	O
.	O

Both	O
infected	O
boars	B-SPEC
had	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
after	O
inoculation	O
and	O
shed	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
was	O
compared	O
in	O
Vero	O
and	O
IPEC	O
-	O
DQ	O
cells	B-COMP
at	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
bovine	B-PRGE
mucin	I-PRGE
(	O
BM	O
),	O
porcine	B-SPEC
gastric	B-ANAT
mucin	O
(	O
PGM	B-FUNC
),	O
swine	B-SPEC
bile	B-ANAT
and	O
bile	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
during	O
inoculation	O
.	O

This	O
observation	O
may	O
be	O
explained	O
partially	O
by	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
mucin	B-PRGE
,	O
bile	B-ANAT
and	O
bile	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
in	O
gastrointestinal	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
had	O
facilitating	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
S	O
-	O
intact	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
no	O
/	O
inhibition	B-PROC
effects	O
on	O
S1	O
NTD	O
-	O
del	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Currently	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
effective	O
treatments	O
or	O
vaccines	O
for	O
PDCoV	O
.	O
In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
still	O
largely	O
unknown	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
effects	O
of	O
route	O
of	O
administration	O
on	O
systemic	O
and	O
gut	B-ANAT
mucosal	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
induced	O
by	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
suckling	O
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
oral	B-ANAT
inoculation	O
may	O
generate	O
more	O
comprehensive	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
stressors	O
(	O
suggested	O
by	O
the	O
triple	O
risk	O
model	O
)	O
share	O
a	O
unified	O
compensatory	O
physiological	O
response	O
of	O
decrease	O
in	O
systemic	O
vascular	B-ANAT
resistant	O
(	O
SVR	O
)	O
to	O
facilitate	O
a	O
compensatory	O
increase	O
in	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
output	O
(	O
CO	O
).	O

Accordingly	O
CO	O
increases	O
above	O
the	O
needs	O
to	O
hyper	O
-	O
dynamic	O
state	O
,	O
high	B-DISO
output	I-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
hyper	O
-	O
dynamic	O
shock	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Swine	B-SPEC
acute	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
which	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
disease	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Find	O
the	O
right	O
sample	O
:	O
A	O
study	O
on	O
the	O
versatility	O
of	O
saliva	B-ANAT
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
samples	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
emerging	O
viruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
different	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
last	O
decades	O
like	O
dengue	B-DISO
,	O
West	O
Nile	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
chikungunya	B-DISO
,	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
Ebola	O
,	O
Zika	O
and	O
Yellow	B-DISO
Fever	I-DISO
raised	O
some	O
questions	O
on	O
quickness	O
and	O
reliability	O
of	O
laboratory	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
for	O
verification	O
of	O
suspected	O
cases	O
.	O

Prompt	O
contact	O
tracing	O
,	O
repeated	O
testing	O
,	O
HCP	B-DISO
furloughing	O
,	O
and	O
implementation	O
of	O
recommended	O
transmission	O
-	O
based	O
precautions	O
for	O
suspected	O
cases	O
ultimately	O
halted	O
transmission	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
4	O
(	O
24	O
%)	O
of	O
17	O
HCP	B-DISO
cases	O
and	O
3	O
(	O
3	O
%)	O
of	O
114	O
HCP	B-DISO
contacts	O
of	O
cases	O
were	O
seropositive	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
Atypical	O
Case	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
Returning	O
Traveler	O
to	O
Korea	O
from	O
Kuwait	O
,	O
2018	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
complications	I-DISO
often	O
occur	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
kidney	O
injury	O
,	O
and	O
represent	O
an	O
important	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
prospective	O
study	O
involved	O
195	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
BMT	B-ENZY
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
a	O
referral	O
hospital	O
'	O
s	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
(	O
ED	O
)	O
between	O
May	O
1	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
and	O
May	O
31	O
,	O
2016	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Alterations	O
in	O
sialic	O
-	O
acid	O
O	O
-	O
acetylation	B-PROC
glycoforms	O
during	O
murine	B-SPEC
erythrocyte	B-PROC
development	B-PROC
.	O

Although	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
sialoglycoconjugate	O
recognized	O
by	O
TER	B-COMP
-	O
119	O
was	O
not	O
chemically	O
demonstrated	O
,	O
its	O
selective	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
virolectins	O
suggests	O
that	O
it	O
may	O
be	O
comprised	O
of	O
a	O
7	O
,	O
9	O
-	O
di	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
acetyl	B-CHED
form	O
of	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
entry	O
mainly	O
depends	O
on	O
clathrin	B-PRGE
mediated	O
endocytosis	B-PATH
and	O
requires	O
classical	O
endosomal	O
/	O
lysosomal	O
system	O
.	O

The	O
lifestyle	O
gradually	O
transformed	O
from	O
Bedouin	O
life	O
to	O
urban	O
sedentary	O
life	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
sharp	O
increase	O
in	O
obesity	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
comorbidities	O
.	O

Even	O
if	O
rasburicase	O
induced	O
methemoglobinemia	B-DISO
and	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
are	O
not	O
very	O
common	O
complications	O
,	O
clinicians	O
who	O
prescribe	O
and	O
follow	O
patients	O
should	O
detect	O
this	O
serious	O
complication	B-DISO
early	O
and	O
manage	O
it	O
accordingly	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
also	O
vital	O
to	O
assume	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
G6PD	B-DISO
deficiency	I-DISO
until	O
proven	O
otherwise	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
who	O
presents	O
with	O
rasburicase	O
induced	O
hemolysis	B-DISO
and	O
avoid	O
administration	O
of	O
methylene	B-CHED
blue	I-CHED
even	O
if	O
the	O
patient	O
is	O
from	O
a	O
low	O
risk	O
ethnicity	O
for	O
G6PD	B-PRGE
as	O
in	O
our	O
patient	O
.	O

Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
is	O
a	O
syndrome	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
,	O
hypoxaemia	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
significant	O
association	O
was	O
found	O
between	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
myocardial	I-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
(	O
AMI	B-DISO
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Bootstrap	O
analyses	O
indicated	O
no	O
direct	O
effects	O
of	O
T1	O
FSS	B-DISO
on	O
T2	O
IES	B-CHED
-	O
R	O
but	O
significant	O
positive	O
indirect	O
effects	O
of	O
T1	O
FSS	B-DISO
on	O
T2	O
IESR	O
through	O
T1	O
PHQ	O
-	O
9	O
and	O
T2	O
PHQ	O
-	O
9	O
(	O
B	O
=	O
2	O
.	O
1601	O
,	O
SE	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
3268	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
4250	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
1307	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Chronic	O
fatigue	B-DISO
12	O
months	O
after	O
MERS	O
had	O
indirect	O
effects	O
on	O
prolonged	O
PTSSs	O
18	O
months	O
after	O
MERS	O
via	O
persisting	O
depression	B-DISO
in	O
MERS	O
survivors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lymphography	O
with	O
Lipiodol	O
is	O
useful	O
for	O
chylothorax	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
were	O
many	O
slight	O
complications	O
,	O
but	O
reports	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
after	O
lymphography	O
were	O
few	O
.	O

He	O
recovered	O
from	O
ARDS	B-DISO
but	O
subsequently	O
developed	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
and	O
was	O
discharged	O
with	O
domiciliary	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
3	O
months	O
later	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Although	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
rare	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
lymphography	O
with	O
Lipiodol	O
,	O
this	O
procedure	O
should	O
be	O
applied	O
carefully	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chylothorax	O
.	O

Venous	B-ANAT
-	O
arterial	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
provides	O
circulatory	B-PROC
support	O
allowing	O
time	O
for	O
other	O
treatments	O
to	O
promote	O
recovery	O
in	O
presence	O
of	O
acute	O
cardiopulmonary	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Disease	O
fatality	O
associated	O
with	O
Ebola	O
,	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
dengue	B-DISO
infections	B-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
is	O
attributed	O
to	O
a	O
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
that	O
is	O
triggered	O
by	O
excessive	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

Future	O
antivirals	B-CHED
should	O
thus	O
aim	O
to	O
target	O
the	O
mechanism	O
that	O
regulates	O
switching	O
between	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
trans	O
-	O
and	O
classical	O
-	O
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	O
noncoding	O
(	O
nc	O
)	O
RNAs	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
play	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
life	I-PROC
cycle	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Volumetric	O
but	O
Not	O
Time	O
Capnography	O
Detects	O
Ventilation	O
/	O
Perfusion	O
Mismatch	O
in	O
Injured	O
Rabbit	B-SPEC
Lung	O
.	O

We	O
compared	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
value	O
of	O
indices	O
derived	O
from	O
Tcap	O
and	O
Vcap	O
following	O
ventilation	O
to	O
perfusion	O
ratio	O
()	O
mismatch	O
subsequent	O
to	O
experimentally	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
by	O
elevating	O
the	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
).	O

Infections	B-DISO
are	O
a	O
major	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
cancer	B-DISO
and	O
its	O
treatment	O
.	O

Community	O
acquired	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
CRV	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
these	O
patients	O
increase	O
morbidity	O
,	O
mortality	O
and	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
delay	O
in	O
chemotherapy	O
.	O

This	O
balance	B-PROC
between	O
effective	O
virus	B-SPEC
control	O
with	O
limited	O
pathology	B-DISO
is	O
especially	O
important	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
highly	O
specialized	O
functions	O
and	O
limited	O
regenerative	O
capacity	O
of	O
neurons	B-ANAT
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
targets	O
of	O
direct	O
virus	B-SPEC
cytolysis	B-PROC
or	O
bystander	O
damage	O
.	O

Both	O
innate	O
and	O
adaptive	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
work	O
in	O
coordination	B-PROC
to	O
control	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

While	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferons	I-PRGE
are	O
essential	O
to	O
limit	O
virus	B-SPEC
spread	O
associated	O
with	O
early	O
mortality	O
,	O
perforin	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
promote	O
further	O
virus	B-SPEC
clearance	O
in	O
astrocytes	B-ANAT
/	O
microglia	B-ANAT
and	O
oligodendrocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
we	O
herein	O
report	O
that	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
m336	O
and	O
HR2P	O
-	O
M2	O
exhibited	O
potent	O
synergism	O
in	O
inhibiting	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
cell	B-PROC
⁻	I-PROC
cell	I-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
and	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
pseudoviruses	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
mutations	O
in	O
the	O
RBD	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
the	O
enhancement	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
either	O
one	O
administered	O
alone	O
.	O

This	O
included	O
feed	O
suppliers	O
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
movement	B-PROC
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
transportation	O
companies	O
,	O
semen	B-ANAT
suppliers	O
and	O
a	O
complete	O
network	O
with	O
all	O
service	O
providers	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Poldip2	B-PRGE
deficiency	O
protects	O
against	O
lung	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
vascular	B-DISO
inflammation	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
a	O
deadly	O
disease	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
brought	O
on	O
by	O
endotoxins	O
such	O
as	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
(	O
LPS	B-DISO
).	O

ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
,	O
a	O
severe	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
leukocyte	B-ANAT
infiltration	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
resultant	O
lung	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
Poldip2	B-PRGE
in	O
regulating	O
vascular	B-PROC
permeability	I-PROC
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
model	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
assessed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Depletion	O
of	O
RIPK1	B-PRGE
in	O
hepatocytes	B-ANAT
exacerbates	O
liver	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
in	O
fulminant	O
viral	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
.	O

Mice	B-SPEC
deficient	O
for	O
RIPK1	B-PRGE
,	O
specifically	O
in	O
liver	B-ANAT
parenchymal	O
cells	B-COMP
(	O
Ripk1	B-PRGE

All	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
<	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
specimens	O
.	O

Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
coinfecting	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
21	O
.	O
4	O
%-	O
60	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
21	O
.	O
4	O
%-	O
39	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
10	O
.	O
7	O
%-	O
24	O
.	O
0	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
viral	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
is	O
an	O
acute	O
and	O
highly	O
contagious	O
enteric	O
disease	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
which	O
causes	O
huge	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
pig	B-SPEC
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Next	O
,	O
the	O
site	O
-	O
specific	O
editing	O
of	O
pAPN	O
porcine	B-SPEC
fetal	B-ANAT
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
were	O
produced	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
colonies	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
donor	B-CHED
cells	B-COMP
to	O
generate	O
the	O
site	O
-	O
specific	O
editing	O
of	O
pAPN	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
studied	O
1	O
,	O
200	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
managed	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
.	O

All	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
had	O
warning	O
or	O
severity	O
signs	O
for	O
dengue	B-DISO
and	O
initiated	O
labor	B-PROC
,	O
either	O
term	O
or	O
preterm	O
,	O
during	O
their	O
hospital	O
stay	O
.	O

Three	O
patients	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
preeclampsia	B-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
transgenic	O
(	O
Tg	O
)	O
mice	B-SPEC
on	O
a	O
C57BL	O
/	O
6	O
background	O
;	O
these	O
mice	B-SPEC
expressed	B-PROC
human	B-PRGE
CD26	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
dipeptidyl	I-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
hDPP4	O
),	O
a	O
functional	O
receptor	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
an	O
endogenous	O
hDPP4	O
promoter	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
in	O
young	O
and	O
adult	O
Tg	O
mice	B-SPEC
was	O
different	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmembrane	B-PRGE
serine	B-CHED
protease	I-PRGE
TMPRSS2	I-PRGE
activates	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
related	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Legionella	B-SPEC
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
necessitating	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
adults	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
obligate	O
intracellular	B-COMP
microbes	O
that	O
exploit	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
metabolic	B-PROC
machineries	O
to	O
meet	O
their	O
biosynthetic	B-PROC
demands	O
,	O
making	O
these	O
host	B-COMP
pathways	B-PROC
potential	O
therapeutic	O
targets	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nasal	B-ANAT
virome	O
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
signs	O
include	O
novel	O
taupapillomaviruses	O
.	O

Clinical	O
features	O
of	O
ECoV	O
infection	B-DISO
have	O
been	O
described	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
study	O
has	O
compared	O
these	O
features	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
Salmonella	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Medical	O
records	O
of	O
horses	B-SPEC
presented	O
to	O
the	O
North	O
Carolina	O
State	O
University	O
Equine	B-SPEC
and	O
Farm	O
Animal	B-SPEC
Veterinary	O
Center	O
(	O
2003	O
-	O
016	O
)	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
.	O

Data	O
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
1	O
-	O
way	O
analysis	O
of	O
variance	O
,	O
Kruskal	O
-	O
Wallis	O
test	O
,	O
or	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
exact	O
test	O
with	O
significance	O
set	O
at	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Most	O
common	O
presenting	O
complaints	O
were	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
colic	B-DISO
and	O
were	O
similar	O
across	O
groups	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
at	O
the	O
interface	O
between	O
replicase	B-PRGE
complexes	O
and	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

siRNA	O
-	O
silencing	O
of	O
each	O
RTC	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
proximal	I-PRGE
host	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
demonstrated	O
importance	O
of	O
vesicular	O
trafficking	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
,	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
-	O
dependent	O
and	O
autophagy	B-PROC
-	O
related	O
processes	O
,	O
and	O
translation	B-PROC
initiation	I-PROC
factors	O
.	O

The	O
hDPP4	O
-	O
Tg	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
overexpressed	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
spleen	B-ANAT
and	O
showed	O
high	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
levels	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
pyroptosis	B-PROC
occurred	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
all	O
ages	O
of	O
pigs	B-SPEC
with	O
50	O
-	O
100	O
%	O
mortality	O
rates	O
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
evaluated	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
two	O
attenuated	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
vaccine	O
candidates	O
,	O
the	O
emerging	O
non	O
-	O
S	O
INDEL	B-PROC
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
PC22A	O
at	O
the	O
100th	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
passage	O
level	O
-	O
Clone	O
no	O
.	O
4	O
(	O
P100C4	O
)	O
and	O
at	O
the	O
120th	O
passage	O
level	O
(	O
P120	O
),	O
in	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

Four	O
groups	O
of	O
40	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
PC22A	O
-	O
P3	O
(	O
virulent	O
),	O
-	O
P100C4	O
,	O
-	O
P120	O
,	O
and	O
mock	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
challenged	O
with	O
the	O
P3	O
virus	B-SPEC
at	O
24	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
inoculation	O
(	O
dpi	O
).	O

P100C4	O
and	O
P120	O
did	O
not	O
cause	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
although	O
viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
of	O
all	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
except	O
for	O
one	O
P100C4	O
-	O
inoculated	O
pig	B-SPEC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Four	O
groups	O
of	O
40	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
were	O
inoculated	O
orally	B-ANAT
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
PC22A	O
-	O
P3	O
(	O
virulent	O
),	O
-	O
P100C4	O
,	O
-	O
P120	O
,	O
and	O
mock	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
challenged	O
with	O
the	O
P3	O
virus	B-SPEC
at	O
24	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
inoculation	O
(	O
dpi	O
).	O

A	O
prospective	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
observational	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
infants	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
lower	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
ALRTI	O
),	O
in	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
hospital	O
in	O
a	O
metropolitan	O
city	O
of	O
Western	O
India	O
.	O

Pathogens	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
82	O
samples	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
Respiratory	O
syncytial	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
A	O
/	O
B	O
(	O
35	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
Human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
25	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
Adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
22	O
%),	O
Human	B-SPEC
Parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
11	O
%),	O
Human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
9	O
.	O
8	O
),	O
Human	B-PRGE
metapneumovirus	I-PRGE
A	I-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
(	O
8	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
Influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm	O
09	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
Parechovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
3	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
66	O
%),	O
Haemophilus	B-SPEC
influenzae	I-SPEC
type	O
b	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
(	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
(	O
2	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

The	O
mechanism	O
of	O
Griffithsin	O
'	O
s	O
action	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
involved	O
both	O
preventing	O
viral	O
attachment	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
and	O
disrupting	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
to	O
-	O
cell	B-COMP
transmission	O
;	O
its	O
dual	O
mode	O
of	O
action	O
distinguished	O
Griffithsin	O
from	O
most	O
other	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
.	O

All	O
samples	O
from	O
children	O
showed	O
coinfections	B-DISO
(	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
was	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
rotavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PoRV	O
)	O
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
usually	O
co	O
-	O
infect	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
modern	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
piggery	O
,	O
which	O
both	O
can	O
cause	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
newborn	O
piglets	O
and	O
lead	O
to	O
significant	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
pig	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

The	O
VP7	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
the	O
main	O
coat	B-ANAT
protein	B-CHED
of	O
PoRV	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
the	O
main	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
are	O
capable	O
of	O
inducing	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
IBVPR03	O
strain	O
is	O
S1	O
-	O
genotyped	O
as	O
Massachusetts	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
genomic	O
similarity	O
to	O
the	O
H	O
-	O
120	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
,	O
surprisingly	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
no	O
tropism	B-PROC
or	O
pathogenicity	O
to	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
in	O
birds	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
this	O
strain	O
.	O

Ataxia	B-DISO
was	O
only	O
seen	O
in	O
AIDP	B-DISO
subtype	O
while	O
wrist	B-DISO
drop	I-DISO
,	O
foot	B-DISO
drop	I-DISO
and	O
hyperreflexia	O
were	O
seen	O
only	O
with	O
AMAN	O
subtype	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-ANAT
muscle	I-ANAT
involvement	O
(	O
6	O
vs	O
.	O
3	O
)	O
and	O
artificial	O
ventilation	O
(	O
5	O
vs	O
.	O
2	O
)	O
was	O
more	O
in	O
AMAN	O
.	O

Although	O
it	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
shown	O
in	O
a	O
prospective	O
trial	O
whether	O
high	O
volumes	O
or	O
pressures	O
are	O
injurious	O
in	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
tidal	O
volume	O
is	O
likely	O
an	O
imprecise	O
parameter	O
for	O
titrating	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genetic	O
and	O
biological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
four	O
novel	O
recombinant	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
viruses	O
isolated	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
confirm	O
the	O
previous	O
results	O
and	O
further	O
extend	O
our	O
understanding	O
about	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
recombinant	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strains	O
we	O
had	O
previously	O
identified	O
(	O
I0718	O
/	O
17	O
,	O
I0722	O
/	O
17	O
,	O
I0724	O
/	O
17	O
,	O
and	O
I0737	O
/	O
17	O
),	O
we	O
conducted	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
by	O
comparing	O
their	O
complete	O
S1	O
gene	O
sequences	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
71	O
reference	O
strains	O
of	O
different	O
genotypes	O
and	O
lineages	O
.	O

Point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
observed	O
in	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
and	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
likely	O
have	O
an	O
effect	O
on	O
these	O
differences	O
in	O
biological	O
characteristics	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
other	O
factors	O
-	O
such	O
as	O
host	B-COMP
innate	O
-	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
changes	O
in	O
genomic	O
regions	O
beyond	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
-	O
might	O
also	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
such	O
changes	O
.	O

Neither	O
patient	O
had	O
received	O
any	O
pertussis	B-PATH
vaccination	O
since	O
adolescence	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
significant	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
by	O
S	B-COMP
-	I-COMP
layer	I-COMP
protein	B-CHED
was	O
only	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
exclusion	O
assay	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
acidophilus	I-SPEC
S	B-COMP
-	I-COMP
layer	I-COMP
protein	B-CHED
protects	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
through	O
reduced	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
and	O
caspase	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
activation	O
in	O
the	O
later	O
stages	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
has	O
increased	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
10	O
years	O
.	O

Unlike	O
ubiquitin	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
is	O
virtually	O
identical	O
across	O
all	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
comparison	O
of	O
ISG15s	O
across	O
species	B-SPEC
reveals	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
relatively	O
divergent	O
,	O
with	O
sequence	O
identity	O
dropping	O
to	O
as	O
low	O
as	O
∼	O
58	O
%	O
among	O
mammals	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potent	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Fusion	O
Inhibitory	O
Peptides	B-CHED
Identified	O
from	O
HR2	O
Domain	O
in	O
Spike	B-PRGE
Protein	I-PRGE
of	O
Bat	B-ENZY
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
HKU4	I-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
two	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
zoonotic	O
CoVs	O
crossing	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
barrier	O
,	O
caused	O
high	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
mortality	O
rates	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Two	O
critical	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
epitopes	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
between	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
and	O
porcine	B-DISO
transmissible	I-DISO
gastroenteritis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Angiopoietin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
predictor	O
of	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
and	O
association	O
with	O
ARDS	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
283	O
patients	O
(	O
50	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
males	O
),	O
109	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
had	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
we	O
utilized	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
to	O
comprehensively	O
characterize	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
lipid	B-CHED
response	O
upon	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
an	O
ultra	O
-	O
high	O
performance	O
liquid	O
chromatography	O
-	O
mass	O
spectrometry	O
(	O
UPLC	O
⁻	O
MS	O
)-	O
based	O
lipidomics	O
approach	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
exogenous	O
supplement	O
of	O
LA	O
or	O
AA	O
in	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
significantly	O
suppressed	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
host	B-COMP
lipid	B-CHED
metabolic	B-PROC
remodeling	O
was	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
pathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
propagation	O
.	O

As	O
compared	O
with	O
pressure	O
-	O
volume	O
curve	O
,	O
the	O
EIT	O
-	O
guided	O
PEEP	B-CHED
titration	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
compliance	O
,	O
driving	O
pressure	O
,	O
and	O
weaning	B-PROC
success	O
rate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Vaccine	O
Candidates	O
:	O
Cautious	O
Optimism	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
summarize	O
the	O
current	O
progress	O
towards	O
a	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
and	O
highlight	O
potential	O
roadblocks	O
identified	O
from	O
previous	O
attempts	O
to	O
generate	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
vaccines	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
mAbs	O
were	O
prepared	O
by	O
using	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
positive	O
hybridoma	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
that	O
were	O
selected	O
by	O
using	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
fluorescence	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
CSFIA	O
).	O

During	O
inflammatory	O
processes	O
,	O
VE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cadherin	I-PRGE
is	O
shed	O
into	O
circulation	B-PROC
(	O
sVE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cadherin	I-PRGE
).	O

Plasma	B-PRGE
sVE	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cadherin	I-PRGE
is	O
elevated	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
malignancy	B-DISO
,	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
coronary	B-DISO
atherosclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
is	O
a	O
prospective	O
study	O
of	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
adults	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
age	O
≥	O
18	O
years	O
)	O
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
Validating	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
markers	O
for	O
Diagnosis	O
(	O
VALID	O
)	O
study	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
sVE	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cadherin	I-PRGE
was	O
measured	O
at	O
study	O
enrollment	O
.	O

Shedding	O
of	O
sVE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cadherin	I-PRGE
is	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
with	O
more	O
severe	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
breakdown	B-DISO
of	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
adherens	B-COMP
junctions	I-COMP
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
of	O
sVE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cadherin	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
biomarker	B-CHED
of	O
disease	O
severity	O
in	O
clinical	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
are	O
needed	O
to	O
better	O
elucidate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
VE	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cadherin	I-PRGE
shedding	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
severe	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
.	O

We	O
measured	O
metrics	O
for	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
haemodynamics	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
sedative	B-CHED
-	O
analgesic	B-CHED
medications	O
and	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agents	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
certain	O
viral	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
(	O
VNPs	O
)	O
can	O
evade	O
the	O
adhesion	B-DISO
of	O
a	O
broad	O
panel	O
of	O
macromolecules	B-CHED
from	O
several	O
biological	O
milieus	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
the	O
last	O
two	O
decades	O
,	O
several	O
high	O
impact	O
zoonotic	O
disease	O
outbreaks	O
have	O
been	O
linked	O
to	O
bat	O
-	O
borne	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
suspected	O
that	O
ebolaviruses	B-SPEC
and	O
MERS	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
are	O
also	O
linked	O
to	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

It	O
is	O
being	O
increasingly	O
accepted	O
that	O
bats	B-SPEC
are	O
potential	O
reservoirs	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
known	O
and	O
unknown	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
many	O
of	O
which	O
could	O
spillover	O
into	O
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
human	B-SPEC
populations	O
.	O

EVs	O
were	O
co	O
-	O
cultured	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
human	B-SPEC
microvascular	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
HMVEC	O
-	O
L	O
)	O
to	O
evaluate	O
inflammasome	O
activation	O
and	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
pyroptosis	B-PROC
.	O

Delivery	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
-	O
derived	O
EVs	O
to	O
HMVEC	O
-	O
L	O
activated	O
the	O
inflammasome	O
and	O
resulted	O
in	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
pyroptosis	B-PROC
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
serum	B-COMP
-	O
derived	O
EVs	O
and	O
inflammasome	O
proteins	B-CHED
play	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
TBI	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
supporting	O
activation	O
of	O
an	O
EV	O
-	O
mediated	O
neural	O
-	O
respiratory	O
inflammasome	O
axis	B-SPEC
in	O
TBI	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

There	O
has	O
been	O
slow	O
but	O
incremental	O
progress	O
in	O
identification	O
of	O
biomarkers	O
that	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
have	O
utility	O
in	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
monitoring	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
are	O
potential	O
therapeutic	O
targets	O
(	O
Calfee	O
CS	O
,	O
Delucchi	O
K	O
,	O
Parsons	O
PE	O
,	O
Thompson	O
BT	O
,	O
Ware	O
LB	O
,	O
Matthay	O
MA	O
,	O
Thompson	O
T	O
,	O
Ware	O
LB	O
,	O
Matthay	O
MA	O
,	O
Lancet	O
Respir	O
Med	O
2014	O
,	O
2	O
:	O
611	O
--	O
620	O
).	O

The	O
relationship	O
between	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
extracellular	B-COMP
trap	O
concentrations	O
and	O
the	O
primary	O
clinical	O
endpoint	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
live	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
at	O
day	O
28	O
)	O
was	O
assessed	O
using	O
linear	O
regression	O
analyses	O
.	O

Bronchoalveolar	O
concentrations	O
of	O
patients	O
were	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
of	O
controls	O
(	O
154	O
[	O
74	O
to	O
1	O
,	O
000	O
]	O
vs	O
.	O
4	O
[	O
4	O
to	O
4	O
]	O
arbitrary	O
units	O
,	O
difference	O
:	O
-	O
150	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
-	O
996	O
to	O
-	O
64	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
associated	O
with	O
bronchoalveolar	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
8	I-PRGE
(	O
Spearman	O
'	O
s	O
ρ	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
42	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
012	O
)	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
concentrations	O
(	O
ρ	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
57	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

Intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
mortality	O
(	O
12	O
%,	O
n	O
=	O
2	O
of	O
17	O
vs	O
.	O
17	O
%,	O
n	O
=	O
3	O
of	O
18	O
;	O
P	O
>	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
at	O
day	O
28	O
(	O
22	O
[	O
14	O
to	O
25	O
]	O
vs	O
.	O
14	O
[	O
0	O
to	O
21	O
]	O
days	O
;	O
difference	O
:	O
-	O
5	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
-	O
15	O
to	O
0	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
066	O
)	O
did	O
not	O
significantly	O
differ	O
between	O
patients	O
with	O
higher	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
17	O
)	O
versus	O
lower	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
18	O
)	O
bronchoalveolar	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
extracellular	B-COMP
trap	O
concentrations	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
genome	O
of	O
the	O
prototype	O
strain	O
CV777	O
,	O
these	O
strains	O
had	O
103	O
-	O
120	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
mutations	O
in	O
their	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
most	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
S1	O
(	O
S1	O
-	O
NTD	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
OC43	O
and	O
HKU1	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
9	O
-	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-PRGE
betacoronaviruses	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
and	O
HKU1	O
are	O
endemic	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
and	O
,	O
while	O
related	O
,	O
originated	O
from	O
independent	O
zoonotic	O
introductions	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
recent	O
increased	O
immigration	O
proceedings	O
,	O
customs	O
officers	O
have	O
been	O
involved	O
in	O
detaining	O
unauthorized	O
populations	O
for	O
various	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
,	O
varicella	B-DISO
and	O
measles	B-PATH
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
among	O
Chinese	O
pig	B-SPEC
populations	O
:	O
A	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
we	O
extracted	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
swine	B-SPEC
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
from	O
the	O
obtained	O
studies	O
and	O
provided	O
information	O
that	O
permitted	O
us	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
PEDV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
45	O
studies	O
(	O
including	O
data	O
from	O
15	O
,	O
990	O
pigs	B-SPEC
)	O
met	B-CHED
our	O
evaluation	O
criteria	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
suggest	O
that	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
is	O
common	O
among	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
predicted	O
that	O
the	O
inherent	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
CoVs	O
caused	O
by	O
accumulation	O
of	O
point	B-PROC
mutations	I-PROC
and	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
homologous	B-PATH
recombination	I-PATH
is	O
the	O
principal	O
determinant	O
of	O
these	O
competences	O
.	O

The	O
presented	O
data	O
denote	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
persistence	O
of	O
BCoV	O
in	O
nature	O
,	O
spread	O
to	O
new	O
geographical	O
zones	O
,	O
and	O
continuous	O
emergence	O
of	O
disease	O
epidemics	O
in	O
cattle	B-SPEC
farms	O
.	O

There	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
primary	B-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pyogenes	I-SPEC
affecting	O
mostly	O
women	O
.	O

It	O
usually	O
presents	O
as	O
a	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
abdominal	I-DISO
pain	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
prompts	O
surgical	O
exploration	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
complete	O
blood	B-ANAT
count	O
(	O
CBC	B-COMP
)	O
parameters	O
and	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
severe	O
burn	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
findings	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
suggest	O
that	O
an	O
elevated	O
RDW	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
RDW	O
is	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
prediction	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
after	O
severe	O
burns	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
peptides	O
mimicking	O
the	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
motifs	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

There	O
are	O
still	O
limited	O
data	O
about	O
distribution	O
of	O
acute	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
with	O
cancer	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
second	O
aim	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
on	O
delaying	O
the	O
patients	O
'	O
chemotherapy	O
or	O
radiotherapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
2018	O
international	O
meeting	O
of	O
the	O
Global	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Network	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
macrolide	B-CHED
therapy	O
is	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
reduction	O
in	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
or	O
improvement	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
clearance	O
.	O

Macrolide	B-CHED
therapy	O
was	O
not	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
(	O
adjusted	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
]:	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
47	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
51	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
56	O
)	O
or	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
clearance	O
(	O
adjusted	O
HR	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
88	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
47	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
64	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
68	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
experimental	O
Ornithobacterium	B-SPEC
rhinotracheale	I-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
along	O
with	O
live	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
vaccination	O
in	O
broiler	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
live	O
variant	O
IBV	B-SPEC
4	O
/	O
91	O
with	O
ORT	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
120	O
14	O
-	O
d	O
-	O
old	O
broiler	O
chickens	B-SPEC
(	O
Cobb	B-FUNC
500	O
)	O
were	O
equally	O
divided	O
into	O
4	O
groups	O
for	O
experimental	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
complete	O
randomized	O
design	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
screened	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
nodes	I-ANAT
(	O
MLNs	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
presumed	O
first	O
site	O
of	O
FCoV	O
spread	O
from	O
the	O
intestine	B-ANAT
regardless	O
of	O
viraemia	B-DISO
,	O
for	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
transcription	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
mediators	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
systemic	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
aiming	O
to	O
identify	O
key	O
pathways	B-PROC
triggered	O
by	O
FCoV	O
.	O
Cats	B-SPEC
with	O
and	O
without	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
latter	O
with	O
and	O
without	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
MLN	O
,	O
were	O
compared	O
.	O

Higher	O
expression	O
levels	O
in	O
FIP	B-DISO
were	O
found	O
for	O
toll	O
-	O
like	O
receptors	O
(	O
TLRs	O
)	O
2	O
,	O
4	O
and	O
8	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunocytochemistry	O
of	O
mesenteric	B-ANAT
lymph	I-ANAT
node	I-ANAT
fine	O
-	O
needle	O
aspirates	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
.	O

FIP	B-DISO
was	O
confirmed	O
immunohistochemically	O
in	O
30	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Sensitivity	O
,	O
specificity	O
,	O
negative	O
and	O
positive	O
predictive	O
values	O
(	O
NPV	O
,	O
PPV	B-CHED
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
including	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
intervals	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CIs	B-DISO
)	O
were	O
determined	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
lethal	O
disease	O
such	O
as	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
specificity	O
is	O
most	O
important	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
avoid	O
euthanasia	O
of	O
unaffected	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Research	O
on	O
the	O
Mechanism	O
of	O
Cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
Infection	B-DISO
and	O
Transmission	O
for	O
Animal	B-SPEC
-	O
origin	O
Emerging	O
and	O
Re	O
-	O
emerging	O
Zoonosis	O
Has	O
Won	O
Support	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Key	O
Research	O
and	O
Development	B-PROC
Program	O
of	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emerging	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
zoonotic	O
diseases	O
caused	O
by	O
pathogens	O
such	O
as	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
WNV	B-DISO
)	O
or	O
Chikungunya	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CHIKV	O
)	O
pose	O
considerable	O
threats	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
worldwide	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Shared	O
Common	O
Ancestry	O
of	O
Rodent	B-SPEC
Alphacoronaviruses	O
Sampled	O
Globally	O
.	O

These	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
all	O
rodent	B-SPEC
alpha	O
CoVs	O
sampled	O
so	O
far	O
originate	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
common	O
ancestor	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
there	O
has	O
likely	O
been	O
a	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
association	O
between	O
alpha	O
CoVs	O
and	O
rodents	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
,	O
including	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
),	O
are	O
etiologically	O
associated	O
with	O
enteric	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
across	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Serologic	O
tests	O
are	O
widely	O
accepted	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
anti	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
could	O
indicate	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
or	O
vaccination	O
.	O

The	O
antibody	B-COMP
could	O
be	O
detected	O
2	O
-	O
4	O
weeks	O
after	O
the	O
first	O
inoculation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lyme	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
not	O
uncommon	O
and	O
can	O
sometimes	O
progress	O
to	O
neurological	O
complications	O
.	O

IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
Borrelia	B-SPEC
burgdorferi	I-SPEC
were	O
detectable	O
in	O
serum	O
and	O
cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
Lyme	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
unilateral	O
or	O
bilateral	O
diaphragmatic	B-ANAT
paralysis	O
of	O
undetermined	O
aetiology	O
,	O
it	O
seems	O
relevant	O
to	O
perform	O
Lyme	O
serology	O
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
,	O
in	O
positive	O
cases	O
,	O
to	O
follow	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
lumbar	B-ANAT
puncture	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
detect	O
intrathecal	B-ANAT
IgG	B-PRGE
synthesis	B-PROC
.	O

This	O
review	O
discusses	O
current	O
knowledge	O
,	O
prospective	O
applications	O
and	O
challenges	O
in	O
the	O
repurposing	O
of	O
clinically	O
approved	O
and	O
preclinically	O
studied	O
drugs	O
for	O
newly	O
indicated	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapeutics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recent	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
a	O
future	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
mediated	O
pandemic	O
,	O
underscore	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
finding	O
ways	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tension	O
pneumoperitoneum	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
severe	O
and	O
rare	O
form	O
of	O
pneumoperitoneum	B-DISO
with	O
concomitant	O
hemodynamic	B-DISO
instability	I-DISO
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
is	O
a	O
variant	O
of	O
abdominal	B-DISO
compartment	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ACS	B-FUNC
)	O
causing	O
an	O
abrupt	O
increase	O
in	O
intra	O
-	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
pressure	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
Pullet	O
Vaccination	O
on	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
Longevity	O
of	O
Immunity	B-PROC
.	O

Our	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
serially	O
administered	O
,	O
live	O
attenuated	O
vaccines	O
against	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
NDV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
ILTV	B-SPEC
influence	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
and	O
longevity	O
of	O
immunity	B-PROC
and	O
protection	O
against	O
challenge	O
in	O
long	O
-	O
lived	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Five	O
days	O
post	O
-	O
challenge	O
,	O
viral	O
load	O
,	O
clinical	O
signs	O
,	O
ciliostasis	O
,	O
tracheal	O
histopathology	O
,	O
and	O
antibody	B-COMP
titers	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
tears	B-ANAT
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
Multiplexed	O
Immunoassay	O
for	O
Simultaneous	O
Detection	O
of	O
Serum	B-COMP
IgG	B-PRGE
Antibodies	I-PRGE
to	O
Six	O
Human	B-SPEC
Coronaviruses	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
address	O
more	O
information	O
about	O
changes	O
in	O
commensal	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
during	O
virus	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
we	O
characterized	O
30	O
faecal	B-ANAT
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
isolates	O
from	O
calves	O
(	O
21	O
to	O
60	O
days	O
old	O
)	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
received	O
,	O
before	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
tetracycline	B-CHED
,	O
gentamicin	B-CHED
and	O
enrofloxacin	B-CHED
drugs	O
.	O

E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
isolates	O
from	O
calves	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
were	O
phylogenetically	O
classified	O
as	O
B1	O
(	O
70	O
%,	O
21	O
/	O
30	O
),	O
B2	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
33	O
%,	O
1	O
/	O
30	O
),	O
C	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
33	O
%,	O
1	O
/	O
30	O
),	O
D	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
33	O
%,	O
1	O
/	O
30	O
),	O
E	O
(	O
13	O
.	O
33	O
%,	O
4	O
/	O
30	O
)	O
and	O
unknown	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
%;	O
2	O
/	O
30	O
),	O
whereas	O
E	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
isolates	O
from	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
were	O
classified	O
only	O
as	O
B1	O
(	O
83	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
25	O
/	O
30	O
),	O
E	O
(	O
10	O
%;	O
3	O
/	O
30	O
)	O
and	O
unknown	O
(	O
6	O
,	O
7	O
%;	O
2	O
/	O
30	O
).	O

Only	O
isolates	O
(	O
30	O
%-	O
9	O
/	O
30	O
)	O
from	O
diarrheic	O
calves	O
were	O
also	O
positive	O
for	O
fimbriae	B-COMP
,	O
specifically	O
16	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
5	O
/	O
30	O
)	O
for	O
F5	O
and	O
13	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
4	O
/	O
30	O
)	O
for	O
F18	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Impact	O
of	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
during	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Recently	O
,	O
such	O
effort	B-PROC
-	O
dependent	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
has	O
been	O
termed	O
patient	O
self	O
-	O
inflicted	O
lung	O
injury	O
(	O
P	O
-	O
SILI	O
).	O

Finally	O
,	O
several	O
approaches	O
to	O
minimize	O
P	O
-	O
SILI	O
while	O
maintaining	O
some	O
diaphragm	B-ANAT
activity	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
partial	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
,	O
high	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
appear	O
promising	O
.	O

Future	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
determine	O
ventilator	O
strategies	O
that	O
minimize	O
injury	O
but	O
maintaining	O
some	O
diaphragm	B-ANAT
activity	O
.	O

ResPlex	O
II	O
assays	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assays	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
viral	O
pathogens	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
wash	O
samples	O
,	O
and	O
survival	O
analyses	O
were	O
performed	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
particular	O
viruses	B-SPEC
conferred	O
short	O
-	O
lived	O
relative	O
cross	O
-	O
protection	O
against	O
FRI	B-PRGE
.	O

Veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
vvECMO	O
)	O
has	O
not	O
unequivocally	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
survival	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Identifying	O
viral	O
antagonists	O
of	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
and	O
determining	O
if	O
they	O
contribute	O
to	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
are	O
critical	O
for	O
developing	O
effective	O
strategies	O
to	O
control	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
asked	O
if	O
the	O
EndoU	B-PRGE
activity	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
which	O
causes	O
acute	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
,	O
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
antagonizing	O
the	O
innate	O
response	O
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
sites	O
of	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
.	O

We	O
constructed	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
clone	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
Colorado	O
strain	O
(	O
icPEDV	O
-	O
wt	O
)	O
and	O
an	O
EndoU	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
mutant	I-PRGE
PEDV	B-SPEC
(	O
icPEDV	O
-	O
EnUmt	O
)	O
by	O
changing	O
the	O
codon	O
for	O
a	O
catalytic	O
histidine	B-CHED
residue	I-CHED
of	O
EndoU	O
to	O
alanine	B-CHED
(	O
His226Ala	O
).	O

Thus	O
,	O
132	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
pilgrims	O
presenting	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
at	O
the	O
healthcare	O
facilities	O
in	O
the	O
holy	O
sites	O
during	O
the	O
5	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
2014	O
Hajj	O
season	O
.	O

An	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
and	O
western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
two	O
scFv	O
antibodies	O
reacted	O
with	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
pulmonary	B-ANAT
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
),	O
as	O
an	O
artificial	O
heart	B-ANAT
-	O
lung	B-ANAT
supporting	O
system	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
support	O
lung	B-ANAT
that	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
recover	B-PROC
from	O
reversible	O
pathological	O
damage	O
.	O

Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
is	O
usually	O
companied	O
with	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
that	O
worsen	O
the	O
patients	O
'	O
condition	B-DISO
.	O

<	O
strong	O
>	O
RESULTS	O
</	O
strong	O
>	O
We	O
found	O
the	O
HIPK1	B-PRGE
was	O
elevated	O
in	O
ALI	O
model	O
mice	B-SPEC
while	O
interference	O
of	O
HIPK1	B-PRGE
by	O
siRNA	O
attenuated	O
the	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
indicators	O
(	O
H2O2	B-CHED
,	O
O	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
NO	O
).	O

Further	O
research	O
found	O
HIPK1	O
interference	O
enhanced	O
the	O
autophagy	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
rapid	O
,	O
specific	O
,	O
and	O
sensitive	O
SYBR	B-CHED
Green	I-CHED
I	I-CHED
-	O
based	O
duplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
PCR	O
assay	O
is	O
described	O
for	O
the	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
porcine	B-PRGE
circovirus	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
PCV3	O
).	O

The	O
assay	O
showed	O
a	O
good	O
linear	O
relationship	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
limits	O
of	O
detection	O
for	O
this	O
assay	O
were	O
34	O
.	O
6	O
copies	O
/	O
μL	O
and	O
61	O
.	O
2	O
copies	O
/	O
μL	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
PCV3	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
indicate	O
this	O
assay	O
is	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
reliable	O
diagnostic	O
tool	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
PCV3	O
monitoring	O
and	O
surveillance	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
technical	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
quantitative	O
detection	O
of	O
clinical	O
samples	O
infected	O
or	O
co	O
-	O
infected	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
PCV3	O
.	O

We	O
introduce	O
the	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
SARSr	O
-	O
CoVs	O
)	O
discovered	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
provide	O
insights	O
on	O
the	O
bat	B-ENZY
origin	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

Mononuclear	O
phagocytes	B-ANAT
(	O
MNPs	O
)-	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
DCs	B-DISO
)-	O
are	O
likely	O
critical	O
in	O
sarcoidosis	B-DISO
as	O
they	O
initiate	O
and	O
maintain	O
T	B-PROC
cell	I-PROC
activation	I-PROC
and	O
contribute	O
to	O
granuloma	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
by	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

Our	O
work	O
provides	O
a	O
foundation	O
for	O
future	O
investigations	O
of	O
MNPs	O
in	O
sarcoidosis	B-DISO
to	O
identify	O
immune	O
profiles	O
of	O
patients	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
severe	O
disease	O
with	O
the	O
aim	O
to	O
provide	O
early	O
treatment	O
to	O
slow	O
down	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
all	O
,	O
19	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
had	O
medical	O
comorbidities	O
including	O
hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
diabetes	B-DISO
,	O
obesity	B-DISO
,	O
hypothyroidism	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
anemia	B-DISO
.	O

One	O
hundred	O
fifty	O
-	O
three	O
patients	O
(	O
45	O
females	O
;	O
mean	O
age	O
,	O
67	O
y	O
/	O
o	O
),	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
Berlin	O
definition	O
and	O
received	O
treatment	O
in	O
our	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
between	O
January	O
2012	O
and	O
December	O
2015	O
,	O
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
mild	O
in	O
42	O
patients	O
,	O
moderate	O
in	O
71	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
in	O
40	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
recombinant	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
-	O
vectored	O
vaccine	O
for	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
variant	O
strains	O
circulating	O
in	O
Egypt	O
.	O

All	O
rNDV	O
-	O
vectored	O
IBV	O
vaccine	O
candidates	O
were	O
genetically	O
stable	O
,	O
slightly	O
attenuated	O
and	O
showed	O
growth	B-PROC
patterns	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
parental	O
rLaSota	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
MicroRNA	O
‑	O
223	O
attenuates	O
LPS	O
‑	O
induced	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
an	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
model	O
via	O
the	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
inflammasome	I-PRGE
and	O
TLR4	B-PRGE
/	O
NF	O
‑	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
via	O
RHOB	O
.	O

In	O
lipopolysaccharide	O
‑	O
induced	O
ALI	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
miR	O
‑	O
223	O
was	O
reduced	O
compared	O
with	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
normal	O
group	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
was	O
discharged	O
after	O
a	O
month	O
and	O
continued	O
his	O
treatment	O
with	O
oral	O
phenoxypenicillin	O
and	O
doxycycline	B-CHED
until	O
full	O
radiographic	O
improvement	O
.	O

The	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
homology	O
in	O
this	O
region	O
between	O
PL	O
/	O
G032	O
/	O
2015	O
and	O
UAE	O
-	O
HKU30	O
QdCoVs	O
was	O
74	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
74	O
.	O
7	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Viroporin	O
3a	O
Activates	O
the	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
Inflammasome	I-PRGE
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
along	O
with	O
clinical	O
and	O
demographic	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
pediatric	B-DISO
cancer	I-DISO
presenting	O
febrile	B-PROC
episodes	O
with	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
symptoms	O
.	O

Coinfections	B-DISO
were	O
detected	O
in	O
55	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
subjects	O
,	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
them	O
involved	O
RSV	B-SPEC
with	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

HCoV	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
;	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
was	O
associated	O
with	O
hospital	O
admission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunoprofiling	O
of	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
from	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
vaccinated	O
MHC	B-PROC
-	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
chicken	B-SPEC
lines	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Monocyte	B-ANAT
MHC	B-PROC
-	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
as	O
a	O
potential	O
correlate	O
of	O
protection	O
.	O

Immune	O
correlates	O
,	O
used	O
to	O
predict	O
vaccine	O
efficacy	O
,	O
have	O
proved	O
difficult	O
to	O
find	O
for	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
vaccine	O
-	O
induced	O
protection	O
.	O

To	O
find	O
correlates	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
vaccine	O
-	O
induced	O
protection	O
,	O
hence	O
,	O
we	O
employed	O
a	O
flow	O
cytometric	O
assay	O
to	O
quantify	O
peripheral	O
leucocyte	B-ANAT
subsets	O
and	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
cell	B-COMP
surface	I-COMP
markers	O
of	O
six	O
different	O
non	O
-	O
vaccinated	O
and	O
vaccinated	O
Major	B-PROC
Histocompatibility	I-PROC
Complex	I-PROC
(	O
MHC	B-PROC
)	O
haplotypes	O
.	O

Non	O
-	O
vaccinated	O
and	O
vaccinated	O
MHC	B-PROC
haplotypes	O
presented	O
differential	O
leucocyte	B-ANAT
composition	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
viral	O
load	O
.	O

We	O
focused	O
on	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
necrotizing	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
Reunion	O
(	O
Indian	O
Ocean	O
)	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
department	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
a	O
retrospective	O
study	O
based	O
on	O
data	O
collected	O
from	O
laboratory	O
registers	O
and	O
medical	O
files	O
of	O
patients	O
presenting	O
with	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
necrotizing	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
Reunion	O
between	O
December	O
2014	O
and	O
December	O
2017	O
.	O

As	O
methicillin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
is	O
very	O
rarely	O
observed	O
in	O
Reunion	O
,	O
physicians	O
can	O
still	O
adapt	O
the	O
empirical	O
treatment	O
,	O
without	O
glycopeptides	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Distinct	O
Metabolic	B-PROC
Endotype	O
Mirroring	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
Subphenotype	O
and	O
its	O
Heterogeneous	O
Biology	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
naturally	O
occurring	O
flavonoid	B-CHED
kaempferol	B-CHED
(	O
KPF	O
)	O
reduces	O
endotoxin	O
-	O
induced	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

KPF	O
attenuates	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
mediated	O
production	O
of	O
cytokines	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
activation	O
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
.	O
Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
that	O
KPF	O
prevents	O
increased	O
K63	O
-	O
linked	O
polyubiquitination	B-PROC
on	O
TNF	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
factor	O
-	O
6	O
(	O
TRAF6	O
)	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
IRAK1	B-PRGE
).	O

Our	O
study	O
shows	O
that	O
KPF	O
is	O
effective	O
in	O
reducing	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
induced	O
by	O
LPS	B-DISO
by	O
modulating	O
TRAF6	B-PRGE
polyubiquitination	B-PROC
.	O

Children	O
registered	O
the	O
highest	O
positivity	O
rates	O
,	O
and	O
adults	O
with	O
daily	O
contacts	O
with	O
children	O
experienced	O
significantly	O
more	O
infections	B-DISO
than	O
their	O
counterparts	O
without	O
children	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
motivate	O
further	O
active	O
surveillance	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
differences	O
in	O
pathogenicity	O
among	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Surveillance	O
was	O
instrumental	O
in	O
identifying	O
the	O
initial	O
case	O
and	O
in	O
minimizing	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
other	O
farms	O
.	O

Provincial	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
incidence	O
and	O
prevalence	O
estimates	O
from	O
an	O
industry	O
database	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
temperature	O
,	O
humidity	O
,	O
and	O
precipitation	O
data	O
,	O
were	O
combined	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
forecast	O
dataset	O
.	O

Three	O
-	O
fold	O
diluted	O
serum	B-COMP
of	O
subjects	O
showed	O
only	O
9	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
reductions	O
in	O
relative	O
light	O
units	O
.	O

If	O
society	O
was	O
willing	O
to	O
pay	O
$	O
100	O
,	O
000	O
per	O
quality	O
-	O
adjusted	O
life	O
year	O
,	O
any	O
intervention	O
costing	O
less	O
than	O
$	O
51	O
,	O
328	O
per	O
patient	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
would	O
represent	O
good	O
value	O
.	O

Phenylalanine	B-CHED
,	O
aspartic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
carbamic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
levels	O
were	O
significantly	O
different	O
between	O
all	O
groups	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
classified	O
from	O
mild	O
to	O
severe	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Insectivorous	O
bats	B-SPEC
are	O
speculated	O
to	O
be	O
ancestral	O
hosts	B-COMP
of	O
Middle	O
-	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
).	O

MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
causes	O
disease	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
with	O
thirty	O
-	O
five	O
percent	O
fatality	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
evolved	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
counteract	O
human	B-SPEC
antiviral	B-CHED
responses	O
.	O

We	O
infected	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
bat	B-ENZY
(	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Incidence	O
of	O
hospitalisation	O
for	O
severe	O
complications	O
of	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Japanese	O
patients	O
between	O
2012	O
and	O
2016	O
:	O
a	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
study	O
using	O
routinely	O
collected	O
administrative	O
data	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
a	O
p53	B-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
activator	I-PRGE
or	I-PRGE
p53	I-PRGE
overexpression	B-PROC
markedly	O
decreased	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
we	O
showed	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
more	O
viral	O
progeny	O
produced	O
in	O
p53	B-PRGE
knock	O
-	O
out	O
cells	B-COMP
than	O
in	O
p53	B-PRGE
wild	O
-	O
type	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
novel	O
PTB	B-PRGE
derivatives	O
were	O
fully	O
evaluated	O
against	O
various	O
biological	O
platforms	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
method	O
could	O
simultaneously	O
detect	O
major	O
viruses	B-SPEC
infecting	O
farms	O
,	O
including	O
avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
G	I-SPEC
,	O
duck	B-SPEC
hepatitis	I-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
avian	B-SPEC
leukemia	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
subgroup	O
J	O
in	O
several	O
farms	O
.	O

Black	O
women	O
were	O
at	O
126	O
%	O
greater	O
risk	O
for	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
/	O
acute	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
than	O
white	O
women	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
,	O
117	O
%-	O
136	O
%).	O

The	O
clinical	O
relevance	O
of	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
observed	O
using	O
EM	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
investigated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
viral	O
and	O
atypical	O
bacteria	O
pathogen	O
spectra	O
of	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
in	O
Tunisia	O
.	O

Importantly	O
,	O
Di	O
-	O
Nb	O
and	O
Tri	O
-	O
Nb	O
exerted	B-PROC
significantly	O
elevated	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
neutralizing	O
activity	O
against	O
at	O
least	O
19	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
camel	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
strains	O
isolated	O
in	O
different	O
countries	O
and	O
years	O
.	O

Predictors	O
of	O
early	O
onset	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
could	O
help	O
with	O
identifying	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
populations	O
,	O
potentially	O
improving	O
case	O
management	O
through	O
specific	O
protocol	O
development	B-PROC
for	O
these	O
patients	O
.	O

Either	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
CRS	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
patients	O
may	O
also	O
develop	O
mild	O
to	O
severe	O
neurotoxicity	O
.	O

Areas	O
covered	O
:	O
This	O
manuscript	O
provides	O
an	O
in	O
-	O
depth	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
,	O
current	O
toxicity	O
management	O
strategies	O
,	O
and	O
future	O
perspectives	O
pertaining	O
to	O
CRS	O
and	O
neurotoxicity	O
.	O

Risk	O
adaptive	O
modeling	O
incorporating	O
disease	O
profile	O
,	O
patient	O
demographics	O
,	O
lymphodepletion	O
,	O
cell	B-COMP
dosing	O
,	O
CAR	B-PRGE
T	I-PRGE
construct	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
potentially	O
cytokine	O
gene	B-PROC
polymorphisms	I-PROC
may	O
be	O
instructive	O
to	O
assess	O
individualized	O
risk	O
and	O
optimal	O
CRS	B-DISO
/	O
neurotoxicity	O
management	O
.	O

Controlled	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
therapy	O
of	O
severe	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
lacking	O
and	O
remains	O
experimental	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
infant	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
an	O
opportunistic	O
polymicrobial	O
pulmonary	O
infection	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

PDCoV	O
caused	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
and	O
dehydration	B-DISO
in	O
newborn	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
coincidence	O
rate	O
of	O
the	O
detection	O
results	O
for	O
clinical	O
samples	O
between	O
RT	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
RPA	I-PRGE
and	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
was	O
97	O
.	O
2	O
%.	O

Biotinylated	O
secondary	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
used	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
bound	O
primary	O
antibody	B-COMP
was	O
visualized	O
using	O
an	O
ABC	O
amplification	B-DISO
kit	B-FUNC
.	O

Paired	O
untreated	O
samples	O
should	O
be	O
kept	O
in	O
case	O
the	O
workup	O
requires	O
testing	O
for	O
more	O
vulnerable	O
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
detection	O
was	O
abolished	O
after	O
any	O
physicochemical	O
interference	O
.	O

Citrate	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
porcine	B-SPEC
plasma	B-ANAT
of	O
pH	O
7	O
·	O
5	O
,	O
9	O
·	O
8	O
and	O
10	O
·	O
2	O
(	O
8	O
·	O
5	O
%	O
dry	O
-	O
matter	O
)	O
was	O
spiked	O
with	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
PSV1	O
,	O
PCV2	O
and	O
AdV	O
and	O
incubated	O
at	O
3	O
°	O
C	O
for	O
maximum	O
24	O
h	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
44	O
or	O
48	O
°	O
C	O
for	O
maximum	O
10	O
min	O
(	O
Experiment	O
1	O
).	O

Spiked	O
citrate	B-CHED
-	O
treated	O
concentrated	O
plasma	B-ANAT
of	O
pH	O
7	O
·	O
5	O
and	O
9	O
·	O
8	O
(	O
24	O
%	O
dry	O
-	O
matter	O
)	O
was	O
spray	O
dried	B-ANAT
in	O
a	O
laboratory	O
scale	O
apparatus	B-ANAT
(	O
Experiment	O
2	O
).	O

At	O
pH	O
10	O
·	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
°	O
C	O
,	O
infectivity	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
was	O
reduced	O
with	O
a	O
reduction	O
factor	O
of	O
4	O
·	O
2	O
log	O
10	O
(	O
LRF	O
)	O
at	O
10	O
h	O
contact	O
time	O
,	O
whereas	O
heating	O
to	O
44	O
°	O
C	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
1	O
min	O
at	O
alkali	O
pH	O
was	O
needed	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
LRF	O
of	O
4	O
·	O
2	O
for	O
AdV	O
.	O
Spray	O
drying	O
at	O
an	O
outlet	O
temperature	O
of	O
80	O
°	O
C	O
reduced	O
AdV	O
infectivity	O
effectively	O
(	O
LRF	O
=	O
5	O
·	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infectivity	O
for	O
95	O
%	O
(	O
LRF	O
=	O
1	O
·	O
4	O
).	O

Five	O
percent	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
stayed	O
infectious	B-DISO
after	O
our	O
spray	O
drying	O
conditions	O
.	O

We	O
reviewed	O
mathematical	O
models	O
for	O
contact	O
tracing	O
and	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
control	O
measures	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
MERS	O
transmission	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
P53	B-PRGE
represents	O
the	O
paradigm	O
of	O
a	O
multitalented	O
transcription	B-PROC
factor	O
,	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
cellular	B-COMP
defense	O
against	O
a	O
plethora	O
of	O
potentially	O
harmful	O
stimuli	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
RNA	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
solid	O
organ	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
recipients	O
:	O
Guidelines	O
from	O
the	O
American	O
Society	O
of	O
Transplantation	O
Infectious	O
Diseases	O
Community	O
of	O
Practice	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
acute	O
rejection	O
and	O
chronic	O
lung	B-ANAT
allograft	O
dysfunction	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
deletion	O
of	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
proline	O
residues	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
RSA59	O
(	O
P	O
),	O
significantly	O
affected	O
neural	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
syncytia	B-ANAT
formation	B-PROC
and	O
viral	O
titers	O
postinfection	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	B-PROC
infections	I-PROC
contribute	O
to	O
morbidity	O
in	O
cystic	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
(	O
CF	O
),	O
but	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
airway	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
poorly	O
understood	O
.	O

Future	O
investigations	O
examining	O
longitudinal	O
relationships	O
between	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
airway	B-ANAT
microbiome	O
,	O
and	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
use	O
will	O
allow	O
us	O
to	O
elucidate	O
the	O
interplay	O
between	O
these	O
factors	O
in	O
young	O
children	O
with	O
CF	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
acute	O
phosgene	O
poisoning	O
:	O
a	O
report	O
of	O
4	O
cases	O
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
the	O
protective	O
effect	O
and	O
curative	O
effect	O
of	O
early	O
treatment	O
with	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
in	O
severe	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
acute	O
phosgene	B-CHED
poisoning	O
.	O

The	O
treatment	O
parameters	O
in	O
patients	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
the	O
ECMO	O
treatment	O
at	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
7	O
days	O
were	O
collected	O
,	O
including	O
pH	O
of	O
the	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
,	O
arterial	B-ANAT
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
carbon	B-CHED
dioxide	I-CHED
(	O
PaCO	O
After	O
admitted	O
in	O
hospital	O
,	O
the	O
4	O
patients	O
were	O
all	O
put	O
on	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
and	O
ventilator	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
ventilator	O
support	O
conditions	O
were	O
high	O
,	O
the	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
internal	O
environment	O
were	O
unstable	O
.	O

Oxygenation	B-PROC
was	O
improved	O
obviously	O
after	O
treatment	O
,	O
ventilator	O
support	O
conditions	O
could	O
be	O
obviously	O
reduced	O
,	O
including	O
3	O
-	O
6	O
mL	O
/	O
kg	O
of	O
the	O
small	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
8	O
-	O
10	O
cmH	B-DISO

The	O
causes	O
of	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
are	O
complex	O
and	O
diverse	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
immunologic	O
effect	O
of	O
CAV	O
provokedthe	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
clinical	O
signs	O
of	O
LPAI	O
-	O
H9N2	O
and	O
IB	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	O
genotype	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
emphasize	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
limiting	O
exposure	O
to	O
novel	O
IBVs	O
that	O
may	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
genetic	O
material	O
for	O
emerging	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
surveillance	O
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
.	O

Using	O
two	O
primer	O
sets	O
targeting	B-PROC
the	O
spike	B-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
S1	O
and	O
S2	O
regions	O
of	O
DNA	O
fragments	O
were	O
amplified	O
.	O

This	O
result	O
showed	O
that	O
two	O
different	O
IBVs	O
infected	O
the	O
six	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
she	O
improved	O
clinically	O
and	O
was	O
successfully	O
weaned	B-PROC
from	O
ECMO	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
a	O
physician	O
treating	O
acute	O
copper	B-CHED
sulphate	B-CHED
poisoning	O
should	O
look	O
out	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
even	O
in	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
other	O
common	O
symptoms	O
.	O

We	O
suggest	O
early	O
initiation	O
of	O
venovenous	O
ECMO	O
in	O
those	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
following	O
copper	B-CHED
sulphate	B-CHED
poisoning	O
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
reveal	O
a	O
mechanism	O
responsible	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
mediated	O
ALI	O
,	O
define	O
a	O
pathological	O
consequence	O
of	O
viral	O
specific	O
antibody	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
provide	O
a	O
potential	O
target	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
or	O
other	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
mediated	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Viral	O
respiratory	O
and	O
intestinal	O
infections	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
canine	O
viral	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

Rapid	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
these	O
multiple	O
infections	B-DISO
is	O
important	O
for	O
providing	O
timely	O
and	O
effective	O
treatment	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
major	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
fatalities	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Of	O
172	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
patients	O
from	O
January	O
2004	O
to	O
October	O
2017	O
,	O
39	O
(	O
23	O
%)	O
presented	O
a	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
23	O
%	O
(	O
9	O
cases	O
).	O

They	O
have	O
common	O
characteristics	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
all	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
or	O
livestock	O
,	O
their	O
agents	O
originated	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
two	O
of	O
them	O
originated	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
review	O
is	O
to	O
summarize	O
the	O
current	O
knowledge	O
on	O
viral	O
diversity	O
,	O
reservoir	O
hosts	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
geographical	O
distributions	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
eventually	O
we	O
aim	O
to	O
predict	O
virus	B-SPEC
hotspots	O
and	O
their	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
potential	O
.	O

Lower	O
titers	O
of	O
serum	B-COMP
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
correlate	O
with	O
delayed	O
and	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
shedding	O
in	O
the	O
nasal	B-ANAT
turbinates	I-ANAT
of	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
severity	O
index	O
(	O
PSI	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
scoring	O
system	O
that	O
can	O
assess	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
community	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
determine	O
admission	O
status	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
research	O
on	O
whether	O
this	O
scoring	O
system	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
viral	O
community	B-DISO
acquired	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Growth	B-PROC
enhancement	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
Vero	O
E6	O
cells	B-ANAT
,	I-ANAT
Vero	I-ANAT
E6	O
cells	B-COMP
expressing	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
N	O
could	O
accelerate	O
growth	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
slow	O
-	O
growing	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
to	O
higher	O
peak	O
titers	O
by	O
12	O
hours	O
or	O
enhance	O
the	O
yield	O
of	O
a	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
strain	O
by	O
two	O
orders	O
of	O
magnitude	O
.	O

The	O
purpose	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
extended	O
ECMO	O
use	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
two	O
groups	O
according	O
to	O
pre	O
-	O
ECMO	O
arterial	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
gas	O
:	O
an	O
extended	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
14	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
conventional	O
group	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
48	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Extended	O
indications	O
of	O
ECMO	O
implementation	O
coupled	O
with	O
protective	O
ventilator	O
settings	O
may	O
improve	O
the	O
clinical	O
outcome	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
study	O
the	O
receptor	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
as	O
a	O
determinant	O
for	O
tropism	B-PROC
and	O
pathogenicity	O
,	O
recombinant	O
S1	O
proteins	B-CHED
were	O
produced	O
and	O
analyzed	O
by	O
glycan	B-CHED
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
arrays	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
ARI	B-CHED
)	O
constitute	O
a	O
substantial	O
disease	O
burden	O
in	O
adults	O
and	O
elderly	O
individuals	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Type	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFNs	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
)	O
provide	O
a	O
key	O
mediator	O
of	O
innate	O
antiviral	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
during	O
virus	B-SPEC
proliferation	B-DISO
.	O

Findings	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
provides	O
novel	O
perspective	O
to	O
advance	O
the	O
understanding	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
report	O
we	O
discuss	O
a	O
fatal	O
case	O
of	O
18	O
-	O
years	O
-	O
old	O
boy	O
,	O
who	O
had	O
smoked	O
SCs	B-DISO
since	O
several	O
months	O
and	O
an	O
overuse	O
of	O
SCs	B-DISO
during	O
last	O
48	O
h	O
of	O
his	O
life	O
has	O
been	O
apprised	O
.	O

The	O
autopsy	O
findings	O
revealed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Both	O
toxicological	O
analysis	O
of	O
deceased	B-PROC
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
urine	B-ANAT
samples	O
and	O
chemical	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
herbal	O
mixture	B-CHED
seized	O
revealed	O
presence	O
of	O
two	O
SCs	B-DISO
-	O
5F	O
-	O
ADB	O
and	O
FUB	O
-	O
AMB	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Frequency	O
of	O
molecular	O
detection	O
of	O
equine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
faeces	B-ANAT
and	O
nasal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
in	O
277	O
horses	O
with	O
acute	O
onset	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

If	O
the	O
respiratory	O
secretions	B-ANAT
test	O
negative	O
by	O
qPCR	O
for	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
,	O
feces	B-ANAT
already	O
submitted	O
to	O
the	O
laboratory	O
should	O
be	O
tested	O
for	O
ECoV	O
.	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
horses	B-SPEC
testing	O
qPCR	O
-	O
positive	O
for	O
ECoV	O
in	O
feces	B-ANAT
was	O
20	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
4	O
of	O
which	O
also	O
tested	O
qPCR	O
-	O
positive	O
for	O
ECoV	O
in	O
nasal	B-ANAT
secretions	B-ANAT
.	O

Prevalence	O
of	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
ranged	O
between	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
and	O
peaked	O
during	O
cold	B-DISO
months	O
until	O
March	O
2013	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
prevalence	O
decreased	O
to	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
1	O
%.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
and	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
rates	O
of	O
the	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
non	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Sixty	O
-	O
six	O
patients	O
were	O
confirmed	O
to	O
have	O
H1N1	O
influenza	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
requiring	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
For	O
H1N1	O
influenza	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
ICUs	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
high	O
probability	O
of	O
developing	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
modest	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
PDCoV	O
Pathogenesis	B-DISO
:	O

The	O
ability	O
to	O
evade	O
,	O
circumvent	O
or	O
subvert	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
'	O
s	O
first	O
line	O
of	O
defense	O
,	O
namely	O
the	O
innate	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
is	O
the	O
key	O
determinant	O
for	O
pathogen	O
virulence	B-PROC
,	O
survival	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
successful	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
surface	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
can	O
induce	O
specific	O
neutralization	O
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
is	O
a	O
candidate	O
antigen	B-CHED
for	O
vaccination	O
attempts	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
recombinant	O
L	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
lactis	I-SPEC
pNZ8149	O
-	O
S1	O
/	O
NZ3900	O
can	O
provide	O
a	O
promising	O
vaccine	O
strategy	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
was	O
correlated	O
with	O
risk	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
coagulation	B-PROC
variables	O
(	O
mean	O
activated	O
partial	O
thromboplastin	B-PRGE
time	O
≤	O
50	O
s	O
,	O
international	O
normalized	O
ratio	O
antithrombin	B-PRGE
III	I-PRGE
,	O
fibrinogen	B-COMP
,	O
plasma	B-ANAT
-	O
free	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
,	O
platelets	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
decline	O
in	O
D	O
-	O
dimer	O
≤	O
50	O
%	O
the	O
day	O
after	O
decannulation	O
),	O
cannula	B-SPEC
size	O
,	O
time	O
on	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
underlying	O
malignant	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
cannula	B-SPEC
-	O
related	O
venous	B-DISO
thrombosis	I-DISO
after	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
is	O
high	O
.	O

Patients	O
should	O
undergo	O
routine	O
duplex	O
sonography	O
after	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
to	O
detect	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
formation	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
cannulated	O
vessel	B-ANAT
.	O

5	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
pre	O
-	O
Hajj	O
,	O
95	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
per	O
-	O
Hajj	O
(	O
at	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
)	O
and	O
46	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
post	O
-	O
Hajj	O
samples	O
tested	O
positive	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
).	O

The	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
of	O
this	O
syndrome	B-DISO
can	O
vary	O
in	O
severity	O
and	O
if	O
not	O
identified	O
soon	O
enough	O
,	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
hope	O
that	O
this	O
review	O
will	O
bring	O
awareness	O
to	O
antisynthetase	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
provide	O
tools	O
for	O
earlier	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
fact	O
that	O
our	O
case	O
presented	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
findings	O
alone	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
delay	O
in	O
his	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
here	O
on	O
10	O
years	O
of	O
serological	O
and	O
molecular	O
data	O
in	O
African	O
lions	B-SPEC
,	O
leveraging	O
comprehensive	O
demographic	O
and	O
behavioural	O
data	O
to	O
test	O
if	O
endemic	O
pathogens	O
shape	O
subsequent	O
infection	B-DISO
by	O
epidemic	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Complex	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
drains	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
considered	O
relative	O
contraindication	O
to	O
prone	O
ventilation	O
.	O

To	O
the	O
best	O
of	O
our	O
knowledge	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
hitherto	O
unreported	O
in	O
patients	O
having	O
traumatic	O
floating	O
sternum	B-ANAT
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

Its	O
use	O
has	O
increased	O
markedly	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
decade	O
,	O
initially	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Distress	O
Syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
adults	O
during	O
the	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
influenza	B-DISO
epidemic	I-DISO
and	O
continuing	O
with	O
the	O
increasing	O
acceptance	O
of	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	B-PROC
)	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
from	O
other	O
causes	O
.	O
1	O
We	O
highlight	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ECMO	B-PROC
,	O
particularly	O
at	O
our	O
institution	O
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
with	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
was	O
91	O
.	O
5	O
%.	O

Pediatric	O
scrub	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
in	O
northern	O
Thailand	O
is	O
often	O
severe	O
and	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
with	O
delays	O
in	O
treatment	O
a	O
likely	O
contributing	O
factor	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Dromedary	O
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
820	O
sera	B-COMP
and	O
823	O
nasal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
from	O
cattle	B-SPEC
,	O
sheep	B-SPEC
,	O
goats	B-SPEC
,	O
donkeys	B-SPEC
,	O
buffaloes	O
,	O
mules	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
horses	B-SPEC
were	O
collected	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
domestic	O
livestock	O
in	O
contact	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
camels	B-SPEC
may	O
be	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
Serologic	O
Cross	O
-	O
Reactivity	O
between	O
Transmissible	O
Gastroenteritis	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Respiratory	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Using	O
Commercial	O
Blocking	B-DISO
Enzyme	O
-	O
Linked	O
Immunosorbent	O
Assay	O
Kits	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
evaluated	O
antibody	B-COMP
and	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
mediated	O
immune	O
(	O
CMI	O
)	O
responses	O
in	O
the	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
and	O
systemic	O
compartments	B-ANAT
and	O
protection	O
against	O
challenge	O
with	O
a	O
nephropathogenic	O
Brazilian	O
(	O
BR	O
-	O
I	O
)	O
strain	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
submitted	O
to	O
a	O
vaccination	O
regime	O
comprising	O
a	O
priming	O
dose	O
of	O
heterologous	O
live	O
attenuated	O
Massachusetts	O
vaccine	O
followed	O
by	O
a	O
booster	O
dose	O
of	O
an	O
experimental	O
homologous	O
inactivated	O
vaccine	O
two	O
weeks	O
later	O
.	O

The	O
seroprevalence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibodies	B-COMP
increases	O
with	O
age	O
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
while	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
as	O
determined	O
by	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
detection	O
in	O
nasal	O
swabs	O
decreases	O
.	O

In	O
several	O
studies	O
,	O
camels	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
sampled	O
at	O
animal	B-SPEC
markets	O
or	O
quarantine	O
facilities	O
were	O
seropositive	O
more	O
often	O
than	O
camels	B-SPEC
at	O
farms	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
imported	O
camels	B-SPEC
vs	O
.	O
locally	O
bred	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

Between	O
blood	B-ANAT
meals	O
,	O
body	B-DISO
lice	I-DISO
live	O
in	O
clothing	O
until	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
'	O
s	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
rises	O
or	O
falls	O
,	O
when	O
they	O
seek	O
a	O
new	O
abode	O
.	O

Severe	O
falciparum	B-DISO
malaria	I-DISO
and	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
are	O
urgent	O
differential	O
diagnoses	O
in	O
residents	O
and	O
travellers	O
from	O
appropriate	O
geographical	O
regions	O
.	O

Development	O
of	O
biodosimetry	O
assays	O
for	O
triage	O
and	O
treatment	O
requires	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
radiation	O
dose	O
-	O
volume	O
effect	O
for	O
the	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
(	O
BM	O
).	O

Peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
drawn	O
14	O
days	O
preirradiation	O
and	O
at	O
days	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
5	O
,	O
7	O
and	O
14	O
postirradiation	O
.	O

The	O
use	O
of	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ribavirin	I-PRGE
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
mortality	O
in	O
this	O
cohort	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
cases	O
,	O
78	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
and	O
is	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
acute	O
onset	O
of	O
noncardiogenic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
oedema	I-DISO
,	O
hypoxaemia	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Long	O
-	O
term	O
outcomes	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	O
are	O
increasingly	O
recognized	O
as	O
important	O
research	O
targets	O
,	O
as	O
many	O
patients	O
survive	O
ARDS	B-DISO
only	O
to	O
have	O
ongoing	O
functional	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
psychological	B-DISO
sequelae	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Quality	O
of	O
Life	O
and	O
Lung	B-PROC
Function	I-PROC
in	O
Survivors	O
of	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
for	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
compare	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
outcomes	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
treated	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

A	O
prospective	O
,	O
observational	O
study	O
of	O
adults	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
January	O
2013	O
to	O
December	O
2015	O
)	O
was	O
conducted	O
at	O
a	O
single	O
center	O
.	O

At	O
1	O
yr	O
,	O
survival	O
was	O
similar	O
(	O
22	O
/	O
33	O
vs	O
.	O
28	O
/	O
47	O
,	O
66	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
59	O
%;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
52	O
),	O
and	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
and	O
computed	O
tomography	O
were	O
almost	O
normal	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
.	O

Among	O
these	O
six	O
mAbs	O
,	O
3F12	O
recognizes	O
a	O
linear	O
epitope	B-CHED
(	O
VAAVKDALKSLGI	O
)	O
while	O
the	O
other	O
five	O
mAbs	O
recognize	O
different	O
conformational	O
epitopes	O
formed	O
by	O
a	O
specific	O
peptide	B-CHED
fragment	O
or	O
the	O
full	O
length	O
of	O
N	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Our	O
study	O
documents	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
CoVs	O
related	O
to	O
avian	B-SPEC
gamma	O
-	O
and	O
deltacoronaviruses	O
circulating	O
in	O
both	O
urban	O
-	O
and	O
poultry	O
-	O
farm	O
regions	O
of	O
Brazil	O
,	O
implicating	O
wild	O
birds	B-SPEC
as	O
potential	O
carriers	O
of	O
CoVs	O
which	O
may	O
represent	O
a	O
risk	O
to	O
poultry	O
farms	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tritrichomonas	B-SPEC
foetus	I-SPEC
is	O
a	O
flagellate	B-SPEC
protist	O
which	O
commonly	O
causes	O
a	O
waxing	O
and	O
waning	O
large	B-ANAT
bowel	I-ANAT
diarrhoea	B-DISO
in	O
young	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

Protozoa	O
filling	O
the	O
lumen	B-ANAT
and	O
crypts	O
and	O
occasional	O
invading	O
into	O
lamina	B-ANAT
propria	I-ANAT
were	O
identified	O
within	O
the	O
affected	O
colon	B-ANAT
and	O
confirmed	O
by	O
PCR	O
as	O
T	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
foetus	I-SPEC
'	B-SPEC
feline	I-SPEC
genotype	O
'.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
main	O
immunogenic	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
spike	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
),	O
which	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
,	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
viral	O
invasion	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

Homology	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
regions	O
corresponding	O
to	O
20	O
typical	O
strains	O
of	O
different	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
subtypes	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
epitope	B-CHED
is	O
highly	O
conserved	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
Gastric	B-ANAT
Mycormycosis	O
Infection	B-DISO
Followed	O
by	O
Cytomegalovirus	B-DISO
Pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
Renal	B-ANAT
Transplant	B-ANAT
Recipient	O
:	O
A	O
Case	O
Report	O
and	O
Concise	O
Review	O
of	O
the	O
Literature	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
and	O
fatal	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
is	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
may	O
result	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
with	O
rapid	O
onset	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
diabetes	B-DISO
mellitus	I-DISO
among	O
survivors	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
prolonged	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
detection	O
in	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dynamic	O
changes	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
in	O
perinatal	O
neonates	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
extrapulmonary	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
/	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
aims	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
dynamic	O
changes	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
PAP	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
its	O
clinical	O
significance	O
in	O
prenatal	O
neonates	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
extra	O
-	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
/	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O
A	O
prospective	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
in	O
the	O
Neonate	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
(	O
NICU	O
)	O
between	O
May	O
2015	O
and	O
April	O
2017	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
MERS	O
and	O
acute	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
NIV	O
failure	O
was	O
very	O
high	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
Management	O
in	O
Smoke	O
Inhalation	B-PROC
Injury	O
.	O

To	O
identify	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
responsible	O
for	O
S	O
-	O
mediated	O
syncytium	B-PROC
formation	I-PROC
,	O
we	O
constructed	O
and	O
characterized	O
chimeric	O
S	O
proteins	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
adapted	O
variant	O
,	O
YN144	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
and	O
S1	O
/	O
S2	O
cleavage	B-PROC
site	O
were	O
replaced	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
a	O
poorly	O
culturable	O
field	O
isolate	O
(	O
G2	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Knowledge	O
transfer	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
involves	O
the	O
dissemination	O
of	O
created	O
/	O
acquired	O
information	O
on	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
hospitals	O
,	O
making	O
this	O
information	O
accessible	O
to	O
all	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
(	O
HCWs	O
).	O

Older	O
(>	O
40	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
)	O
and	O
more	O
experienced	O
(>	O
10	O
years	O
)	O
HCWs	O
had	O
the	O
highest	O
PMS	B-DISO
for	O
knowledge	O
(	O
73	O
.	O
4	O
±	O
18	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
and	O
76	O
.	O
9	O
±	O
15	O
.	O
7	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
respectively	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
National	O
estimates	O
of	O
the	O
use	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
after	O
acute	O
trauma	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
as	O
salvage	O
therapy	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
gaining	O
greater	O
acceptance	O
among	O
trauma	O
intensivists	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Incidence	O
and	O
seasonality	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
causing	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
Northern	O
United	O
Arab	O
Emirates	O
.	O

The	O
FLU	B-DISO
positivity	O
rate	O
showed	O
two	O
peaks	O
,	O
which	O
occurred	O
in	O
August	O
and	O
December	O
.	O

Although	O
viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
some	O
testicles	B-ANAT
,	O
it	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
viraemic	O
phase	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sequential	O
Emergence	O
and	O
Wide	O
Spread	O
of	O
Neutralization	O
Escape	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Mutants	O
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Glycosylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
viral	O
attachment	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
is	O
essential	O
for	O
host	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
.	O

Initial	O
experimentation	O
in	O
small	O
-	O
volume	O
samples	O
showed	O
that	O
both	O
types	O
of	O
particles	O
readily	O
adsorbed	O
to	O
the	O
positively	O
charged	O
glass	O
wool	O
but	O
were	O
poorly	O
detached	O
from	O
it	O
through	O
standard	O
elution	O
with	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
M	O
glycine	B-CHED
with	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
beef	O
extract	O
buffer	B-CHED
,	O
pH	O
9	O
.	O
5	O
,	O
with	O
elution	O
efficiencies	O
of	O
7	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
and	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
%,	O
for	O
HAV	B-DISO
and	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
though	O
pigs	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
immunized	O
with	O
the	O
vaccines	O
in	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
,	O
PED	O
still	O
broke	O
out	O
and	O
caused	O
severe	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
in	O
the	O
northeast	O
China	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
strain	O
was	O
identified	O
via	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
observation	O
,	O
indirect	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
experiment	O
in	O
newborn	O
piglets	O
and	O
named	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
CH	O
/	O
JLDH	O
/	O
2016	O
strain	O
(	O
Accession	O
No	O
.	O
MF346935	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
contusion	O
.	O

Nowadays	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
traffic	O
accidents	O
,	O
following	O
high	O
energy	O
deceleration	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
contusion	O
may	O
present	O
without	O
an	O
actual	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damage	O
in	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
as	O
a	O
condition	B-DISO
initiating	O
an	O
independent	O
,	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
generalised	O
process	O
.	O

Its	O
description	O
and	O
recognition	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
pathology	B-DISO
is	O
not	O
simple	O
.	O

Generally	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
declared	O
that	O
besides	O
high	O
energy	O
,	O
blunt	O
injuries	O
affecting	O
the	O
trunk	B-ANAT
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
contusion	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
an	O
often	O
neglected	O
additional	O
radiological	O
finding	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
main	O
report	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
fact	O
,	O
that	O
its	O
late	O
consequences	O
crucially	O
determine	O
the	O
prospects	O
of	O
the	O
injured	O
.	O

Initial	O
screening	O
using	O
anti	O
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
IgG	O
(	O
IgG	B-PRGE
rS1	O
-	O
ELISA	O
kit	B-FUNC
)	O
revealed	O
ten	O
reactive	O
samples	O
from	O
BD	O
(	O
10	O
/	O
4719	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
21	O
%),	O
one	O
from	O
CC	O
(	O
1	O
/	O
135	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
74	O
%),	O
and	O
three	O
from	O
CP	O
(	O
3	O
/	O
4	O
,	O
75	O
%).	O

On	O
presentation	O
,	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
was	O
supported	O
by	O
areflexia	O
and	O
albuminocytologic	O
dissociation	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
summary	O
,	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
possible	O
cause	O
of	O
unilateral	O
peripheral	B-DISO
facial	I-DISO
palsy	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
characterized	O
a	O
recombinant	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
229E	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
nsp8	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
protein	B-CHED
has	O
metal	B-PRGE
ion	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
adenylyltransferase	I-PRGE
(	O
TATase	O
)	O
activity	O
,	O
while	O
other	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
were	O
not	O
(	O
or	O
very	O
inefficiently	O
)	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
3	O
'	O
ends	O
of	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
and	O
(	O
fully	O
)	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
acceptor	B-CHED
RNAs	O
.	O

To	O
search	O
for	O
effective	O
inhibitory	O
agents	O
,	O
we	O
performed	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
screening	O
(	O
HTS	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
a	O
2	O
,	O
000	O
-	O
compound	O
library	O
of	O
approved	O
drugs	O
and	O
pharmacologically	O
active	O
compounds	O
using	O
the	O
established	O
genetically	O
engineered	B-PRGE
human	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
)	O
strain	O
expressing	O

Coimmunoprecipitation	O
studies	O
are	O
consistent	O
with	O
an	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
macrodomain	O
and	O
PLP2	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hemoadsorption	O
in	O
isolated	O
conjugated	B-DISO
hyperbilirubinemia	I-DISO
after	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
support	O
.	O

Three	O
days	O
after	O
initiation	O
of	O
ECMO	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
developed	O
jaundice	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
increase	O
of	O
bilirubin	B-CHED
,	O
Gamma	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
glutamyltransferase	I-PRGE
and	O
Alkaline	B-ENZY
phosphatase	B-FUNC
,	O
without	O
elevation	O
of	O
alanine	B-PRGE
aminotransferase	I-PRGE
and	O
INR	B-PRGE
.	O

Statistical	O
analysis	O
showed	O
a	O
highly	O
significant	O
difference	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
single	O
infections	O
compared	O
to	O
mixed	O
ones	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
weaned	B-PROC
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
in	O
which	O
group	O
additionally	O
most	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
According	O
to	O
recently	O
published	O
findings	O
,	O
levels	O
of	O
the	O
soluble	O
receptor	O
of	O
advanced	O
glycation	O
end	O
products	O
(	O
sRAGE	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
clearance	O
from	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
may	O
reflect	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
during	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

Contact	O
data	O
is	O
frequently	O
collected	O
in	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
pathogens	O
spread	O
by	O
close	O
contact	O
,	O
including	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
EBOV	O
),	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Mycobacterium	B-SPEC
tuberculosis	I-SPEC
(	O
TB	O
),	O
and	O
routinely	O
used	O
to	O
reconstruct	O
transmission	O
chains	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
developed	O
severe	O
refractory	O
hypercapnic	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
necessitating	O
additional	O
respiratory	O
support	O
with	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
ECMO	O
)	O
therapy	O
.	O

Ketamine	B-CHED
treatment	O
was	O
initiated	O
at	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
h	O
continuous	O
infusion	O
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
admission	O
for	O
pain	O
control	O
and	O
required	O
up	O
-	O
titration	O
to	O
2	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
/	O
h	O
by	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
day	O
4	O
for	O
bronchodilation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
types	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
often	O
not	O
diagnosed	O
due	O
to	O
mild	O
clinical	O
course	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
etiologic	O
agent	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
generally	O
recognized	O
as	O
both	O
the	O
virulence	B-PROC
determinant	O
and	O
enteric	O
tropism	B-PROC
determinant	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
novel	O
approach	O
,	O
the	O
clustered	O
regularly	O
interspaced	O
short	O
palindromic	O
repeat	O
(	O
CRISPR	O
)/	O
CRISPR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
9	I-PRGE
(	O
Cas9	O
)	O
systems	O
efficiently	O
and	O
rapidly	O
rescued	O
another	O
recombinant	O
virus	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
224	O
-	O
amino	O
-	O
acid	O
deletion	O
in	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC

TITLE	O
:	O
Fatal	O
Exsanguination	B-DISO
Following	O
Rupture	O
of	O
an	O
Iliac	B-DISO
Artery	I-DISO
Aneurysm	I-DISO
in	O
an	O
Infant	O
With	O
Menkes	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
an	O
8	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
infant	O
who	O
succumbed	O
to	O
acute	O
,	O
severe	O
exsanguination	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
hemorrhagic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
secondary	O
to	O
a	O
large	O
retroperitoneal	B-ANAT
hematoma	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
rupture	O
of	O
a	O
right	O
iliac	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
aneurysm	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
2	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
child	O
who	O
was	O
placed	O
on	O
ECMO	O
for	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
treatment	O
in	O
a	O
low	O
-	O
volume	O
and	O
geographically	O
isolated	O
cardiothoracic	O
centre	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
-	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
severe	O
and	O
often	O
fatal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Most	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
are	O
managed	O
with	O
supportive	O
therapy	O
,	O
although	O
there	O
is	O
effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
and	O
design	O
of	O
novel	O
small	O
molecule	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
against	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
papain	B-ENZY
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
via	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
screening	O
and	O
molecular	O
modeling	O
.	O

The	O
antigenic	O
regions	O
and	O
the	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
site	O
of	O
the	O
strains	O
obtained	O
coincide	O
with	O
those	O
previously	O
reported	O
.	O

Collectively	O
,	O
these	O
attributes	O
of	O
CICSLI	O
will	O
allow	O
investigators	O
to	O
better	O
study	O
how	O
drugs	O
act	O
within	O
heterogeneous	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathologies	O
and	O
how	O
regeneration	B-PROC
occurs	O
in	O
severely	O
damaged	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
thereby	O
aiding	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
new	O
therapies	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
other	O
heterogenous	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
identified	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
nuclear	B-COMP
pore	I-COMP
complex	I-COMP
from	O
the	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
assembly	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
in	O
HEK	O
cells	B-COMP
disrupts	O
Nup93	B-PRGE
localization	B-PROC
around	O
the	O
nuclear	B-COMP
envelope	I-COMP
without	O
triggering	O
proteolytic	B-PROC
degradation	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
nuclear	B-COMP
lamina	I-COMP
remains	O
unperturbed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evolutionary	O
relationship	O
analysis	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
4a	O
and	O
4b	O
protein	O
coding	O
sequences	O
.	O

Glucocorticoids	B-CHED
such	O
as	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
(	O
MP	O
)	O
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
patients	O
with	O
inflammatory	O
diseases	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
ALI	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
remains	O
controversial	O
.	O

Pro	B-CHED
-	O
fibrotic	O
chemokine	O
levels	O
were	O
gradually	O
increased	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
collagen	B-COMP
and	O
fibrin	B-DISO
deposition	I-DISO
after	O
smoke	O
inhalation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
study	O
on	O
the	O
protective	O
effects	O
of	O
CpG	O
oligodeoxynucleotide	O
-	O
induced	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
against	O
lung	O
injury	O
in	O
a	O
mouse	B-SPEC
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
model	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
a	O
prospective	O
laboratory	O
animal	B-SPEC
investigation	O
.	O

Twenty	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
BALB	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
in	O
Animal	B-SPEC
research	O
laboratory	O
were	O
randomized	O
into	O
groups	O
.	O

This	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
least	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	O
(	O
GBS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
highly	O
variable	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
antecedent	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
a	O
major	O
GBS	B-DISO
phenotype	O
,	O
Fisher	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
FS	B-DISO
),	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
preceded	O
by	O
infections	B-DISO
similar	O
to	O
those	O
preceding	O
GBS	B-DISO
,	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
the	O
clinical	O
features	O
in	O
FS	B-DISO
also	O
vary	O
according	O
to	O
antecedent	O
infection	B-DISO
remains	O
unclarified	O
.	O

Frequent	O
antecedent	O
infections	B-DISO
among	O
this	O
study	O
of	O
70	O
FS	O
patients	O
included	O
Haemophilus	B-SPEC
influenzae	I-SPEC
[	O
n	O
=	O
15	O
(	O
21	O
%)],	O
Campylobacter	B-SPEC
jejuni	I-SPEC
[	O
n	O
=	O
10	O
(	O
14	O
%)],	O
and	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
[	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
6	O
%)].	O

According	O
to	O
GBS	B-DISO
disability	O
scale	O
,	O
CMV	B-SPEC
-	O
related	O
FS	O
tended	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
severe	O
,	O
although	O
every	O
patient	O
received	O
immunotherapy	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
preceding	O
infection	B-DISO
determined	O
the	O
neurological	O
features	O
of	O
FS	O
.	O

This	O
sow	O
vaccination	O
regimen	O
completely	O
protected	O
nursing	B-PROC
piglets	O
against	O
virulent	O
G2b	O
challenge	O
,	O
as	O
evidenced	O
by	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
survival	O
rate	O
from	O
0	O
%	O
to	O
100	O
%	O
and	O
the	O
significant	O
reduction	O
in	O
diarrhea	O
intensity	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
amount	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
fecal	B-ANAT
shedding	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cholesterol	B-ENZY
25	I-ENZY
-	I-ENZY
hydroxylase	I-ENZY
(	O
CH25H	B-PRGE
)	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
lately	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
host	B-COMP
restriction	O
factor	O
that	O
encodes	O
an	O
enzyme	O
,	O
which	O
catalyzes	O
the	O
oxidized	O
form	O
of	O
cholesterol	B-CHED
to	O
25	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
hydroxycholesterol	I-CHED
(	O
25HC	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiological	O
study	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
April	O
-	O
May	O
2015	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
the	O
risk	O
factors	O
identified	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
predictors	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
and	O
should	O
be	O
taken	O
into	O
account	O
when	O
developing	O
an	O
efficient	O
and	O
cost	O
-	O
effective	O
control	O
strategy	O
.	O

Dot	O
-	O
blot	O
hybridization	B-PROC
and	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assays	O
(	O
ELISAs	O
)	O
identified	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED

Although	O
Mendelson	O
’	O
s	O
sample	O
had	O
a	O
positive	O
outcome	O
,	O
subsequent	O
studies	O
have	O
revealed	O
that	O
patients	O
may	O
develop	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
following	O
aspiration	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.[	O
3	O
]	O
Mendelson	O
’	O
s	O
landmark	O
study	O
suggested	O
that	O
a	O
chemical	B-DISO
pneumonitis	I-DISO
was	O
preventable	O
by	O
restricting	O
oral	B-ANAT
intake	O
during	O
labor	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
eventually	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
NPO	B-PRGE
guidelines	O
we	O
have	O
in	O
place	O
today	O
for	O
parturients	O
.	O

Mendelson	O
’	O
s	O
study	O
reviewed	O
the	O
aspiration	B-DISO
of	O
gastric	B-ANAT
contents	I-ANAT
amongst	O
44000	O
pregnancies	B-PROC
at	O
the	O
New	O
York	O
Lying	O
-	O
In	O
Hospital	O
from	O
1932	O
to	O
1945	O
.	O

Amongst	O
the	O
patients	O
studied	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
66	O
cases	O
of	O
aspiration	B-DISO
(	O
0	O
.	O
15	O
%)	O
and	O
two	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
0	O
.	O
0045	O
%).	O

He	O
placed	O
both	O
neutralized	O
and	O
untreated	O
hydrochloric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
and	O
vomitus	B-ANAT
from	O
pregnant	O
women	O
into	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tracts	I-ANAT
of	O
rabbits	B-SPEC
.	O

21	O
%	O
of	O
aspiration	B-DISO
cases	O
were	O
among	O
women	O
who	O
delivered	O
via	O
cesarean	O
section	O
,	O
while	O
79	O
%	O
of	O
women	O
were	O
undergoing	O
general	B-PROC
anesthesia	I-PROC
for	O
vaginal	B-ANAT
deliveries	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
report	O
we	O
present	O
viral	O
metagenomic	O
data	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
collected	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
[	O
KSA	O
].	O

SuperLearner	O
fits	O
demonstrated	O
excellent	O
cross	O
-	O
validated	O
prediction	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
overall	O
AUC	O
0	O
.	O
94	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
97	O
),	O
multi	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
organ	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
overall	O
AUC	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
90	O
),	O
and	O
transfusion	O
(	O
overall	O
AUC	O
0	O
.	O
87	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
)	O
across	O
multiple	O
post	O
-	O
injury	O
time	O
points	O
,	O
and	O
good	O
prediction	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
overall	O
AUC	O
0	O
.	O
84	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
89	O
)	O
and	O
venous	B-DISO
thromboembolism	I-DISO
(	O
overall	O
AUC	O
0	O
.	O
73	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
83	O
).	O

Using	O
high	O
throughput	O
sequencing	O
to	O
screen	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
long	O
non	O
-	O
coding	O
RNA	O
(	O
lncRNA	O
)	O
during	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
identified	O
99	O
,	O
41	O
and	O
33	O
differentially	O
expressed	O
lncRNAs	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
,	O
middle	O
and	O
late	O
stages	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
can	O
provide	O
new	O
insights	O
into	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
antiviral	B-CHED
strategies	O
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
A	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
paragallinarum	I-SPEC
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
and	O
clinical	O
conditions	O
present	O
in	O
samples	O
from	O
such	O
flocks	O
submitted	O
to	O
the	O
California	B-SPEC
Animal	B-SPEC
Health	O
and	O
Food	O
Safety	O
Laboratory	O
System	O
(	O
Davis	O
,	O
CA	O
)	O
in	O
2018	O
.	O

Juvenile	O
birds	B-SPEC
(≤	O
1	O
y	O
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
PCR	O
-	O
positive	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
017	O
),	O
and	O
birds	B-SPEC
diagnosed	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
had	O
lower	O
Ct	O
values	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
than	O
those	O
without	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Surfactin	O
has	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
various	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
by	O
inhibiting	O
viral	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
fusion	O
.	O

Like	O
surfactin	O
,	O
SLP5	B-PRGE
has	O
a	O
direct	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effect	O
on	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
International	O
Society	O
for	O
Influenza	O
and	O
other	O
Respiratory	O
Virus	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
held	O
its	O
6th	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Group	O
(	O
isirv	O
-	O
AVG	O
)	O
conference	O
in	O
Rockville	O
,	O
Maryland	O
,	O
November	O
13	O
-	O
15	O
,	O
2018	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genome	O
Organization	O
of	O
Canada	B-SPEC
Goose	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
A	O
Novel	O
Species	B-SPEC
Identified	O
in	O
a	O
Mass	O
Die	O
-	O
off	O
of	O
Canada	O
Geese	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
outcomes	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
SARI	O
):	O
results	O
from	O
the	O
Egyptian	O
surveillance	O
study	O
2010	O
-	O
2014	O
.	O

Delayed	O
retroperitoneal	B-ANAT
hemorrhage	B-DISO
can	O
develop	O
during	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
management	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
after	O
its	O
initiation	O
.	O

Travel	O
and	O
exposure	O
history	O
from	O
peripheral	O
sources	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
patient	O
had	O
participated	O
in	O
a	O
'	O
mud	O
-	O
run	O
'	O
in	O
Hawaii	O
two	O
weeks	O
prior	O
to	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
limited	O
reports	O
have	O
documented	O
the	O
potential	O
negative	O
effects	O
of	O
Fc	O
fusion	O
on	O
vaccine	O
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
world	O
continues	O
to	O
be	O
confronted	O
by	O
longstanding	O
,	O
emerging	O
,	O
and	O
reemerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
threats	O
.	O

The	O
concern	O
is	O
magnified	O
by	O
rapid	O
population	O
growth	B-PROC
in	O
areas	O
with	O
weak	O
health	O
systems	O
,	O
urbanization	O
,	O
globalization	O
,	O
climate	O
change	O
,	O
civil	O
conflict	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
changing	O
nature	O
of	O
pathogen	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
between	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
populations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Knowledge	O
and	O
practices	O
of	O
primary	O
health	O
care	O
physicians	O
regarding	O
updated	O
guidelines	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
Abha	O
city	O
.	O

The	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
ALI	O
remain	O
unclear	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Trace	O
element	O
and	O
PAH	B-DISO
analysis	O
demonstrated	O
the	O
almost	O
similar	O
chemical	O
composition	O
of	O
both	O
particle	O
fractions	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
these	O
results	O
strongly	O
motivate	O
the	O
update	O
of	O
current	O
regulations	O
regarding	O
ambient	O
PM	O
concentrations	O
to	O
include	O
UFP	O
and	O
limit	O
their	O
emission	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

No	O
cross	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
reaction	I-PROC
with	O
other	O
porcine	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
observed	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
indicate	O
that	O
this	O
RT	O
-	O
PSR	O
assay	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
accurately	O
detecting	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
has	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
high	O
specificity	O
and	O
sensitivity	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

Target	O
antigen	B-CHED
preparation	O
is	O
a	O
main	O
bottleneck	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
panning	O
process	O
.	O

She	O
required	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
flow	O
nasal	B-ANAT
cannula	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
subsequent	O
upgrade	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
for	O
increasing	O
respiratory	O
compromise	O
.	O

Historically	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
limited	O
to	O
pandemic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
improved	O
detection	O
of	O
hRV	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
its	O
implication	O
in	O
serious	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
extending	O
beyond	O
the	O
oropharynx	B-ANAT
in	O
immunocompetent	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

All	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
initially	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
and	O
some	O
had	O
PaO	B-PROC

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
induces	O
an	O
often	O
fatal	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
piglets	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
PPAR	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
genes	O
of	O
fatty	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
protein	B-CHED
(	O
FABP	B-PRGE
)	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
were	O
observed	O
with	O
remarkably	O
differential	O
expressions	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Twenty	O
thousand	O
six	O
hundred	O
seventy	O
-	O
four	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
mRNAs	O
were	O
identified	O
in	O
5	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
piglets	O
responded	O
to	O
PDCoV	O
experimental	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
topic	O
has	O
been	O
brought	O
into	O
sharp	O
focus	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
following	O
significant	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
those	O
causing	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
devastating	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
diseases	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
Ebola	O
,	O
Marburg	O
,	O
Zika	O
and	O
Lassa	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
to	O
name	B-SPEC
only	O
a	O
few	O
examples	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pesticide	B-CHED
self	O
-	O
poisoning	O
is	O
rare	O
in	O
developed	O
countries	O
.	O

Studies	O
reporting	O
on	O
acute	O
pyrethrins	B-CHED
or	O
pyrethroids	O
insecticide	B-CHED
poisoning	O
in	O
both	O
occupational	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
occupational	O
cases	O
usually	O
describe	O
mild	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
limiting	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
as	O
the	O
predominant	O
symptom	B-DISO
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
asthma	B-PATH
or	O
allergies	B-DISO
are	O
apparently	O
more	O
at	O
risk	O
for	O
severe	O
symptoms	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
carbohydrate	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
algal	O
and	O
leguminous	O
lectins	O
from	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
biodiversity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
possible	O
link	O
between	O
recurrent	B-DISO
upper	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
lower	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
Q	B-DISO
fever	I-DISO
fatigue	B-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
using	O
an	O
experimental	O
and	O
translational	B-PROC
approach	O
,	O
we	O
test	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
a	O
tight	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
UTC	O
is	O
mandatory	O
to	O
fine	O
-	O
tune	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
,	O
and	O
,	O
subsequently	O
to	O
prevent	O
emergence	O
of	O
an	O
aberrant	O
response	O
leading	O
to	O
excessive	O
tissue	B-ANAT
damages	O
,	O
and	O
eventually	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
full	O
intensive	O
care	O
support	O
and	O
resolution	O
of	O
his	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
with	O
non	O
-	O
invasive	O
positive	O
pressure	O
ventilation	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
did	O
not	O
regained	O
consciousness	O
.	O

These	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
recent	O
public	O
health	O
events	O
,	O
provide	O
an	O
opportunity	O
for	O
us	O
to	O
review	O
and	O
reflect	O
on	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
Canada	O
'	O
s	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
15	O
years	O
-	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
to	O
the	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
pandemic	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
to	O
Ebola	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Zika	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Key	O
lessons	O
have	O
been	O
learned	B-PROC
and	O
milestones	O
achieved	O
that	O
have	O
shaped	O
and	O
sharpened	O
our	O
response	O
approach	O
and	O
structures	O
.	O

While	O
SARS	B-DISO
was	O
a	O
wake	B-PROC
-	O
up	O
-	O
call	O
to	O
strengthen	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
capacity	O
in	O
health	O
care	O
settings	O
and	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
formation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
Public	O
Health	O
Agency	O
of	O
Canada	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
strengthened	O
our	O
Federal	O
/	O
Provincial	O
/	O
Territorial	O
(	O
FPT	O
)	O
senior	O
-	O
level	O
governance	O
and	O
led	O
to	O
agreements	O
for	O
pan	B-COMP
-	O
Canadian	O
mutual	O
aid	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
information	O
sharing	O
.	O

Transient	O
left	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
and	O
electrocardiographic	O
changes	O
could	O
mimic	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
but	O
there	O
are	O
actually	O
no	O
obstructive	O
coronary	B-ANAT
lesions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Corona	B-CHED
Virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
in	O
2012	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
overwhelming	O
uncertainty	O
about	O
its	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
.	O

Once	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
(	O

Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
commonly	O
detected	O
in	O
both	O
symptomatic	O
and	O
asymptomatic	O
periods	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenesis	B-PROC
of	O
oral	B-ANAT
type	O
I	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
:	O
Antibody	B-COMP
-	O
dependent	O
enhancement	O
infection	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
with	O
type	O
I	O
FIPV	B-SPEC
via	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
route	O
.	O

Many	O
strains	O
of	O
type	O
I	O
FIPV	O
do	O
not	O
cause	O
FIP	B-DISO
by	O
inoculation	O
through	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
route	O
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
determination	O
of	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
patients	O
remains	O
a	O
challenge	O
.	O

The	O
total	O
mortality	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
was	O
39	O
.	O
13	O
%	O
(	O
81	O
/	O
207	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
13	O
.	O
57	O
%	O
(	O
151	O
/	O
1	O
,	O
113	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
whole	O
ICU	O
population	O
.	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluation	O
II	O
(	O
APACHE	O
II	O
)	O
score	O
(	O
OR	O
3	O
.	O
4316	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
3130	O
-	O
8	O
.	O
9686	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0119	O
),	O
number	O
of	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
3	O
.	O
4928	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
9775	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
1693	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
),	O
mean	O
arterial	B-PROC
pressure	I-PROC
(	O
MAP	O
)	O
(	O
OR	O
5	O
.	O
1049	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
8317	O
-	O
14	O
.	O
2274	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0018	O
),	O
driving	O
pressure	O
(	O
OR	O
6	O
.	O
0017	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
2	O
.	O
1746	O
-	O
16	O
.	O
5641	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0005	O
)	O
and	O
lactate	B-CHED
level	O
(	O
OR	O
4	O
.	O
0754	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
6114	O
-	O
10	O
.	O
3068	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0030	O
)	O
were	O
influence	O
factors	O
for	O
survival	O
;	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
6715	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
0307	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
7108	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0373	O
),	O
ventilator	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
VAP	O
)	O
(	O
OR	O
7	O
.	O
3746	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
2	O
.	O
9799	O
-	O
18	O
.	O
2505	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
and	O
transfusion	O
history	O
(	O
OR	O
2	O
.	O
2822	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
0462	O
-	O
4	O
.	O
9783	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0381	O
)	O
were	O
influence	O
factors	O
for	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
limited	O
information	O
regarding	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
pathogens	O
related	O
to	O
CIRD	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
.	O

Considering	O
the	O
diversity	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronaviruses	O
,	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
and	O
populations	O
,	O
we	O
expect	O
to	O
discover	O
more	O
bat	B-ENZY
CoVs	O
through	O
virus	B-SPEC
surveillance	O
.	O

Although	O
some	O
other	O
livestock	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
susceptible	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
fully	O
understood	O
why	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
these	O
animal	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
has	O
not	O
been	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
.	O

Gene	O
ontology	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
interactome	O
highlighted	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
ORF3	O
in	O
endosomal	O
and	O
immune	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

VPS36	B-PRGE
was	O
found	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
ORF3	O
regardless	O
of	O
its	O
GLUE	O
domain	O
.	O

Ongoing	O
investigations	O
suggest	O
that	O
P53	B-PRGE
exerts	B-PROC
a	O
prominent	O
strategic	O
role	O
in	O
crucial	O
signaling	B-PROC
cascades	O
,	O
in	O
charge	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
maintenance	O
and	O
defense	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelium	B-ANAT
against	O
toxic	O
intruders	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
2012	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
outbreaks	O
.	O

Recombinant	O
vectors	O
based	O
on	O
human	B-SPEC
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
type	O
5	O
(	O
rAd5	O
)	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
delivery	O
vehicles	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
limit	O
of	O
detection	O
can	O
reach	B-PROC
as	O
low	O
as	O
10	O
copies	O
in	O
singular	B-CHED
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
assays	O
and	O
100	O
copies	O
in	O
multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
assay	O
,	O
with	O
all	O
correlation	O
coefficients	O
(	O
R	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
of	O
col3a1	B-PRGE
and	O
hydroxyproline	B-CHED
contents	O
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
significantly	O
increased	O
24	O
h	O
after	O
LPS	B-DISO
injection	O
.	O

Most	O
of	O
these	O
unigenes	O
are	O
annotated	O
in	O
cellular	B-COMP
processes	O
,	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
and	O
binding	B-FUNC
.	O

Extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
can	O
provide	O
adequate	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
while	O
allowing	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
to	O
rest	B-FUNC
and	O
heal	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
might	O
be	O
an	O
ideal	O
therapy	O
in	O
this	O
patient	O
group	O
,	O
although	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
clinical	O
and	O
radiological	O
outcomes	O
are	O
not	O
known	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
viral	O
epidemic	O
and	O
an	O
emergent	O
threat	O
to	O
global	O
health	O
security	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
229	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
,	O
including	O
70	O
deaths	B-PROC
(	O
30	O
.	O
5	O
%),	O
were	O
recorded	O
in	O
the	O
disease	O
outbreak	O
news	O
on	O
world	O
health	O
organization	O
website	O
over	O
the	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

S1	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
two	O
protein	B-CHED
domains	O
in	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
and	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
enteric	O
tropism	B-PROC
,	O
sialic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
recognition	O
,	O
and	O
host	B-COMP
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
.	O

ROS	B-PRGE
and	O
p53	B-PRGE
play	O
key	O
roles	O
in	O
regulating	O
many	O
kinds	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
process	I-COMP
during	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
exact	O
function	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
activated	O
p53	B-PRGE
and	O
accumulated	O
ROS	B-CHED
participated	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
p53	B-PRGE
could	O
be	O
regulated	O
by	O
ROS	B-CHED
during	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
through	O
close	O
contact	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
MERS	O
spreading	O
through	O
airflow	B-PROC
was	O
investigated	O
on	O
the	O
eighth	O
floor	O
of	O
Pyeongtaek	O
St	O
Mary	O
'	O
s	O
Hospital	O
.	O

When	O
a	O
passive	O
tracer	B-CHED
was	O
released	O
in	O
ward	O
8104	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
was	O
hospitalized	O
,	O
the	O
passive	O
tracer	B-CHED
spread	O
through	O
the	O
indoor	O
airflow	B-PROC
,	O
which	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
outdoor	O
airflow	O
.	O

This	O
result	O
indicates	O
that	O
MERS	O
may	O
have	O
spread	O
through	O
airflow	B-PROC
.	O

His	O
medical	O
history	O
included	O
morbid	B-DISO
obesity	I-DISO
(	O
BMI	O
43	O
)	O
and	O
alcohol	B-DISO
dependence	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Forty	O
patients	O
(	O
48	O
%	O
adenocarcinoma	B-DISO
)	O
met	B-CHED
our	O
inclusion	O
criteria	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
underwent	O
a	O
three	O
-	O
stage	O
procedure	O
with	O
cervical	B-ANAT
anastomosis	B-DISO
and	O
90	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
underwent	O
neoadjuvant	O
chemoradiotherapy	O
.	O

Among	O
positive	O
samples	O
,	O
120	O
(	O
19	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
samples	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
H1N1	O
,	O
61	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
for	O
H3N2	B-CHED
and	O
19	O
(	O
3	O
%)	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
Influenza	B-DISO
B	O
.	O
Highest	O
number	O
of	O
positive	O
cases	O
occurred	O
in	O
the	O
month	O
of	O
January	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.	O
148	O
(	O
74	O
%)	O
cases	O
.	O

Maximum	O
patients	O
with	O
H3N2	B-CHED
infection	B-DISO
were	O
in	O
age	O
group	O
-	O
III	O
;	O
30	O
(	O
49	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
61	O
.	O

220	O
stable	O
COPD	B-DISO
patients	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

The	O
level	O
of	O
plasma	B-PRGE
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
was	O
greater	O
in	O
higher	O
CCI	O
score	O
(≥	O
4	O
)	O
group	O
compared	O
with	O
lower	O
CCI	O
score	O
(<	O
4	O
)	O
group	O
(	O
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Patients	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
CCI	O
score	O
had	O
more	O
severe	O
symptoms	O
,	O
functional	O
impairment	B-DISO
and	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
inflammatory	O
factors	O
and	O
high	O
frequency	O
of	O
hospital	O
admission	O
due	O
to	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
Respiratory	I-SPEC
Syncytial	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
primary	O
cause	O
of	O
bronchopneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
infants	O
and	O
children	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Differential	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
genes	O
was	O
observed	O
at	O
different	O
time	O
-	O
points	O
of	O
egg	B-ANAT
-	O
shell	B-ANAT
formation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
levels	O
of	O
citrate	B-PRGE
synthase	I-PRGE
(	O
CS	O
),	O
cytochrome	B-PRGE
C	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
somatic	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
CYC	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
and	O
sodium	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
potassium	I-PRGE
adenosine	B-CHED
triphosphatase	B-ENZY
(	O
Na	O

Eleven	O
peptides	B-CHED
were	O
further	O
tested	O
in	O
ELISA	O
with	O
individual	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
,	O
and	O
three	O
were	O
selected	O
for	O
further	O
screening	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Abdominal	B-ANAT
compartment	I-ANAT
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
suffer	O
severe	O
obstacles	O
such	O
as	O
kidney	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
shock	O
.	O

The	O
current	O
study	O
intended	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
abdominal	B-DISO
compartment	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
concomitant	O
risk	O
factors	O
among	O
hospitalised	O
patients	O
in	O
ICU	O
,	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
Intra	O
-	O
abdominal	B-ANAT
pressure	O
test	O
.	O

The	O
control	O
group	O
consisted	O
of	O
children	O
without	O
lesions	O
of	O
oral	B-ANAT
cavity	I-ANAT
(	O
66	O
people	O
).	O

DIC	B-DISO
scores	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
disease	O
severity	O
and	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
MODS	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
(	O
day	O
0	O
)	O
and	O
at	O
day	O
3	O
were	O
evaluated	O
.	O

DIC	B-DISO
patients	O
also	O
showed	O
a	O
lower	O
survival	O
probability	O
than	O
non	O
-	O
DIC	B-DISO
patients	O
(	O
Log	O
rank	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
028	O
).	O

The	O
new	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
DIC	B-DISO
and	O
persistent	O
DIC	B-DISO
from	O
days	O
0	O
to	O
3	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
incidence	O
of	O
MODS	B-DISO
and	O
low	O
survival	O
probability	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
decades	O
of	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
born	O
witness	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
newly	O
recognized	O
coronaviruses	O
that	O
have	O
rapidly	O
spread	O
around	O
the	O
globe	B-ANAT
,	O
including	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
).	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
explore	O
the	O
basic	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
,	O
histopathology	O
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
laboratory	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
these	O
four	O
pathogens	O
and	O
emphasize	O
themes	O
in	O
humans	O
'	O
evolving	O
relationship	O
with	O
our	O
natural	O
environment	O
that	O
have	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
burden	O
.	O

Genomic	O
sequencing	O
identified	O
a	O
unique	O
8	O
-	O
nt	O
DEL	O
in	O
the	O
extreme	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
at	O
the	O
4th	O
passage	O
(	O
KNU	O
-	O
1807	O
-	O
P4	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
its	O
original	O
sample	O
.	O

This	O
DEL	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
premature	O
termination	O
of	O
S	O
by	O
nine	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
(	O
EVFEKVHVQ	O
),	O
which	O
contained	O
a	O
KxHxx	O
motif	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
potential	O
endoplasmic	B-COMP
reticulum	I-COMP
retrieval	O
signal	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Serum	B-PRGE
troponin	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
marker	O
of	O
cardiac	O
myocyte	O
damage	O
that	O
is	O
typically	O
used	O
to	O
assess	O
for	O
myocardial	B-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
setting	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
non	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
ST	I-DISO
elevation	I-DISO
myocardial	I-DISO
infarction	I-DISO
(	O
NSTEMI	O
)	O
had	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
ruled	O
out	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
started	O
on	O
started	O
on	O
a	O
heparin	B-CHED
infusion	O
per	O
the	O
ACS	B-FUNC
protocol	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Phenotypes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Despite	O
the	O
breadth	O
of	O
life	O
-	O
sustaining	O
interventions	O
available	O
,	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
remains	O
high	O
.	O

While	O
the	O
outbreak	O
was	O
controlled	O
successfully	O
in	O
6	O
weeks	O
,	O
progress	O
in	O
management	O
was	O
inhibited	O
by	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
institutional	O
readiness	O
to	O
implement	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
(	O
IC	O
)	O
measures	O
and	O
reduce	O
patient	O
flow	O
,	O
low	O
staff	O
morale	O
and	O
high	O
anxiety	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Mechanical	O
power	O
normalized	O
to	O
predicted	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
as	O
a	O
predictor	O
of	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Protective	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
based	O
on	O
multiple	O
ventilator	O
parameters	O
such	O
as	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
,	O
and	O
driving	O
pressure	O
has	O
been	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Worldwide	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
necessitate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
rapid	O
and	O
accurate	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Novel	O
Immunochromatographic	O
Strip	O
for	O
Antigen	B-CHED
Detection	O
of	O
Avian	B-DISO
Infectious	I-DISO
Bronchitis	I-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Our	O
final	O
multivariate	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
suggested	O
plasma	O
endocan	O
expression	B-PROC
as	O
the	O
only	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
development	B-PROC
in	O
SP	O
patients	O
(	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
57	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
14	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
25	O
,	O
Endocan	O
expression	B-PROC
at	O
ICU	O
admission	O
is	O
a	O
reliable	O
predictive	O
factor	O
in	O
predicting	O
ARDS	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SP	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Activities	O
of	O
an	O
ECMO	O
Center	O
for	O
Severe	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
:	O
ECMO	O
Retrieval	O
and	O
Beyond	O
,	O
A	O
4	O
-	O
Year	O
Experience	O
.	O

The	O
12	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
of	O
Careggi	O
Hospital	O
in	O
Florence	O
,	O
the	O
ECMO	O
referral	O
center	O
for	O
Tuscany	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
Italy	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
mobile	O
ECMO	O
team	O
.	O

Our	O
hypothesis	O
is	O
pediatric	O
postsurgical	O
,	O
and	O
medical	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
have	O
unique	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
mortality	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
whole	O
genomic	O
sequence	O
of	O
a	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
like	O
bat	B-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
16BO133	O
)	O
and	O
found	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
29	O
,	O
075	O
nt	O
in	O
length	O
with	O
a	O
40	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
G	O
+	O
C	O
content	O
.	O

To	O
diagnose	O
sick	O
animals	B-SPEC
effectively	O
,	O
an	O
effective	O
virus	B-SPEC
diagnostic	O
and	O
genome	O
typing	O
method	O
with	O
high	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
is	O
required	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
80	O
clinical	O
samples	O
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
this	O
assay	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
conventional	O
PCR	O
-	O
sequence	O
assay	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolation	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
190	O
faecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
from	O
dairy	O
calves	O
with	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
were	O
collected	O
from	O
14	O
farms	O
in	O
six	O
Chinese	O
provinces	O
,	O
and	O
BCoV	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
18	O
.	O
95	O
%	O
(	O
36	O
/	O
190	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
samples	O
by	O
reverse	B-ENZY
transcriptase	I-ENZY
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

Full	O
-	O
length	O
spike	O
,	O
hemagglutinin	O
/	O
esterase	B-PRGE
(	O
HE	O
),	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
and	O
transmembrane	B-COMP
genes	O
were	O
simultaneously	O
cloned	O
from	O
13	O
clinical	O
samples	O
(	O
eight	O
farms	O
in	O
four	O
provinces	O
),	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
BCoV	O
strains	O
showed	O
a	O
unique	O
evolutionary	O
pattern	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
these	O
genes	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
S	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
and	O
5a	O
accessory	O
gene	O
are	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
attenuation	O
of	O
virulent	O
IBV	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cavally	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
CavV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
mosquito	B-SPEC
-	O
borne	O
plus	O
-	O
strand	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
family	B-SPEC
Mesoniviridae	O
(	O
order	B-SPEC
Nidovirales	I-SPEC
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
fatal	O
disease	O
that	O
includes	O
inflammation	B-DISO
formed	O
by	O
septic	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
septic	O
causes	O
.	O

OA	O
was	O
intravenously	O
administered	O
to	O
all	O
groups	O
except	O
control	O
group	O
and	O
other	O
compounds	O
were	O
orally	B-ANAT
administered	O
(	O
ALA	B-CHED
,	O
VITE	O
,	O
and	O
VITC	O
:	O
100	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
LDMP	O
:	O
5	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
,	O
HDMP	O
:	O
50	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
after	O
OA	O
injections	O
.	O

Although	O
OA	O
reduced	O
SOD	B-FUNC
,	O
CAT	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
GSH	B-DISO
levels	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
vitamins	B-CHED
and	O
LDMP	O
markedly	O
enhanced	O
the	O
levels	O
except	O
for	O
HDMP	O
.	O

Cohort	O
of	O
659	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
(	O
2	O
months	O
to	O
14	O
years	O
)	O
with	O
SALRTI	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
Pediatric	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Unit	O
(	O
PICU	B-SPEC
)	O
in	O
the	O
Guangzhou	O
from	O
May	O
2015	O
to	O
April	O
2018	O
was	O
enrolled	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

And	O
the	O
individuals	O
with	O
different	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
varied	O
significantly	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
clinical	O
profiles	O
.	O

Viral	O
RNA	O
was	O
extracted	O
from	O
pooled	O
tissue	B-ANAT
samples	O
(	O
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
spleen	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
liver	B-ANAT
)	O
and	O
tested	O
for	O
Avian	B-SPEC
influenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
AIV	O
),	O
Newcastle	B-SPEC
disease	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
NDV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
by	O
reverse	B-PRGE
transcriptase	I-PRGE
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
Analysis	O
of	O
Eleven	O
Healthcare	O
-	O
Associated	O
Outbreaks	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
Mers	O
-	O
Cov	O
)	O
from	O
2015	O
to	O
2017	O
.	O

We	O
believe	O
this	O
study	O
will	O
increase	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
that	O
enhance	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
subsequently	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Investigation	O
of	O
suspected	O
Newcastle	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
ND	B-DISO
)	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
Egypt	O
uncovers	O
a	O
high	O
virus	B-SPEC
velogenic	O
ND	O
virus	B-SPEC
burden	O
in	O
small	O
-	O
scale	O
holdings	O
and	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
multiple	O
pathogens	O
.	O

Severe	O
hypoxemia	O
on	O
venous	B-ANAT
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
-	O
ECMO	O
support	O
may	O
occur	O
despite	O
the	O
matching	O
between	O
the	O
oxygen	B-CHED
transfer	O
by	O
ECMO	O
and	O
the	O
VO2	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
patient	O
.	O

The	O
generation	O
of	O
a	O
diverse	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
repertoire	O
is	O
essential	O
for	O
protection	O
against	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
TRBV12	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
,	O
TRBV12	O
-	O
4	O
,	O
and	O
TRBV15	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
segments	O
and	O
TRBV30	O
/	O
TRBJ1	O
-	O
2	O
,	O
TRBV12	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
/	O
TRBJ1	O
-	O
1	O
and	O
IGHV3	O
-	O
11	O
/	O
IGHJ6	O
gene	O
segment	O
pairings	O
also	O
exhibited	O
a	O
higher	O
usage	O
in	O
the	O
PBMCs	O
of	O
AIV	O
donors	O
and	O
may	O
provide	O
more	O
information	O
for	O
generating	O
more	O
effective	O
T	O
/	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
targeted	B-PROC
diagnosis	O
/	O
protection	O
strategies	O
.	O

FCoV	O
is	O
incredibly	O
contagious	O
and	O
transmission	O
is	O
via	O
the	O
faecal	B-ANAT
-	O
oral	B-ANAT
route	O
.	O

Fuller	O
'	O
s	O
earth	O
-	O
based	O
litters	O
best	O
prevented	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
,	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
completely	O
abrogate	O
FCoV	O
transmission	O
in	O
two	O
multi	O
-	O
cat	B-SPEC
households	O
.	O

A	O
dust	O
-	O
free	O
clumping	O
Fuller	O
'	O
s	O
earth	O
litter	O
appeared	O
to	O
fare	O
best	O
,	O
but	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
also	O
varied	O
on	O
the	O
control	O
litters	O
,	O
complicating	O
interpretation	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
field	O
study	O
,	O
there	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
less	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
on	O
one	O
Fuller	O
'	O
s	O
earth	O
-	O
based	O
cat	B-SPEC
litter	O
.	O

47	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
aspirates	B-ANAT
of	O
children	O
≤	O
2	O
years	O
with	O
ARI	B-CHED
were	O
included	O
.	O

IFI	B-PRGE
included	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
and	O
B	O
and	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
.	O

PCR	O
also	O
included	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

PCR	O
detected	O
several	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
RSV	B-SPEC
in	O
26	O
cases	O
(	O
55	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
29	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
21	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
14	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
and	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
(	O
4	O
,	O
3	O
%)	O
among	O
others	O
,	O
with	O
35	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
coinfection	B-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
IIF	O
presents	O
good	O
sensitivity	O
,	O
but	O
moderate	O
specificity	O
for	O
RSV	B-SPEC
.	O

Several	O
viral	O
families	O
,	O
including	O
Coronaviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
Togaviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Hepeviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
encode	O
for	O
macrodomain	O
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
bind	B-FUNC
to	O
and	O
hydrolyze	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
from	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
are	O
critical	O
for	O
optimal	O
replication	O
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

Successful	O
combination	O
of	O
ECMO	O
with	O
VATS	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
bullae	B-DISO
resection	O
was	O
performed	O
and	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
was	O
cured	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
when	O
refractory	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
fails	O
to	O
improve	O
through	O
routine	O
therapy	O
,	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
by	O
VATS	O
based	O
on	O
ECMO	O
support	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
feasible	O
selection	O
.	O

Patient	O
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
a	O
link	O
between	O
von	B-PRGE
Willebrand	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
(	O
VWF	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
malaria	B-PATH
severity	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
VWF	B-PRGE
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
experimental	O
MA	O
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Any	O
damage	O
to	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
under	O
conditions	O
of	O
traumatic	O
injury	O
,	O
shock	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
destruction	O
of	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
against	O
the	O
background	O
of	O
hemorrhages	B-DISO
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusions	O
,	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
reinfusions	O
can	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
enhancement	O
of	O
products	O
.	O

A	O
probable	O
mechanism	O
is	O
the	O
activation	O
of	O
free	B-CHED
radical	I-CHED
oxidation	B-PROC
processes	O
with	O
the	O
damage	O
of	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
.	O

Within	O
the	O
last	O
decade	O
,	O
increasing	O
reports	O
of	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
resulting	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
complicated	O
by	O
Aspergillus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
published	O
.	O

Review	O
of	O
the	O
literature	O
pertaining	O
to	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
aspergillosis	I-DISO
.	O

Isavuconazole	O
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
intolerance	B-PROC
to	O
voriconazole	B-CHED
,	O
drug	O
-	O
drug	B-PROC
interactions	I-PROC
,	O
renal	B-DISO
impairment	I-DISO
,	O
or	O
if	O
a	O
spectrum	O
of	O
activity	O
including	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
Mucorales	B-SPEC
is	O
desired	O
.	O

To	O
decrease	O
the	O
burden	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
illness	O
,	O
vaccination	O
is	O
of	O
utmost	O
importance	O
,	O
specifically	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
co	O
-	O
morbidities	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Excess	O
mortality	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

Hospital	O
mortality	O
associated	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
H1N1	O
-	O
associated	O
SARI	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
continued	O
to	O
be	O
high	O
years	O
after	O
the	O
2009	O
pandemic	O
in	O
a	O
population	O
with	O
low	O
vaccine	O
coverage	O
.	O

The	O
gender	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
acute	O
physiology	O
and	O
chronic	O
health	O
evaluation	O
II	O
(	O
APACHE	O
II	O
)	O
within	O
24	O
hours	O
of	O
admission	O
,	O
neutral	O
red	O
phagocytosis	B-PROC
and	O
alkaline	B-FUNC
phosphatase	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
of	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
in	O
bronchoalveolar	B-ANAT
lavage	I-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
,	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
ICU	O
stay	O
,	O
total	O
hospitalization	O
time	O
,	O
hospitalization	O
expenses	O
,	O
and	O
prognosis	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

Inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
such	O
as	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
10	I-FUNC
have	O
been	O
documented	O
in	O
malaria	B-PATH
induced	O
thrombocytopaenia	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
showed	O
a	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
malarial	O
thrombocytopenia	O
(	O
platelets	B-ANAT
<	O
150	O
×	O
10	O
Overall	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
suggest	O
that	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
influence	O
the	O
transformation	O
of	O
mild	O
forms	O
of	O
thrombocytopenia	O
into	O
severe	O
forms	O
during	O
malarial	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
aim	O
is	O
to	O
determine	O
indicators	O
of	O
survival	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
severe	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
HRF	O
)	O
after	O
transition	B-DISO
to	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
).	O

On	O
detailed	O
enquiry	O
,	O
history	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
mercury	B-CHED
fumes	O
was	O
obtained	O
(	O
at	O
home	O
),	O
during	O
gold	B-CHED
extraction	O
by	O
the	O
father	O
.	O

During	O
the	O
first	O
48	O
hours	O
after	O
randomization	O
,	O
488	O
of	O
the	O
501	O
patients	O
(	O
97	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
intervention	O
group	O
started	O
a	O
continuous	O
infusion	O
of	O
cisatracurium	O
(	O
median	O
duration	O
of	O
infusion	O
,	O
47	O
.	O
8	O
hours	O
;	O
median	O
dose	O
,	O
1807	O
mg	O
),	O
and	O
86	O
of	O
the	O
505	O
patients	O
(	O
17	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
received	O
a	O
neuromuscular	O
blocking	B-DISO
agent	O
(	O
median	O
dose	O
,	O
38	O
mg	O
).	O

(	O
Funded	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Heart	B-ANAT
,	O
Lung	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
Blood	B-ANAT
Institute	O
;	O
ROSE	B-SPEC
ClinicalTrials	O
.	O
gov	O
number	O
,	O
NCT02509078	O
.).	O

We	O
enrolled	O
1006	O
patients	O
early	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
median	O
,	O
7	O
.	O
6	O
hours	O
after	O
onset	O
).	O

To	O
discover	O
additional	O
risk	O
factors	O
that	O
could	O
have	O
influenced	O
BRD	O
development	O
,	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
BCV	B-SPEC
strain	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
circulating	O
in	O
each	O
herd	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
common	O
opportunistic	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
in	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
of	O
sick	O
and	O
apparently	O
healthy	O
cattle	B-SPEC
were	O
also	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Developing	O
appropriate	O
control	O
measures	O
for	O
respiratory	O
BCV	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
may	O
help	O
decrease	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
pre	O
-	O
weaning	B-PROC
BRD	O
.	O

Persistent	O
or	O
recurrent	O
shedding	O
episodes	O
of	O
BCV	B-SPEC
occurred	O
in	O
some	O
animals	B-SPEC
treated	O
for	O
BRD	O
.	O

Differences	O
in	O
disease	O
outcome	O
provided	O
an	O
opportunity	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
immunity	B-PROC
to	O
FIP	B-DISO
determined	O
by	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
subset	I-ANAT
proliferation	B-DISO
after	O
stimulation	O
with	O
different	O
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
.	O

Recovery	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
during	O
the	O
later	O
phase	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
cats	B-SPEC
that	O
survived	O
longer	O
or	O
resisted	O
disease	O
compared	O
to	O
cats	B-SPEC
showing	O
rapid	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
emergence	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
responses	O
after	O
a	O
second	O
exposure	O
to	O
FIPV	O
,	O
implicated	O
cellular	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
in	O
the	O
control	O
of	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
.	O

Virus	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
during	O
very	O
early	O
stages	O
of	O
FIPV	O
infection	B-DISO
warrant	O
further	O
investigation	O
to	O
elucidate	O
host	B-COMP
resistance	B-PROC
to	O
FIP	B-DISO
.	O

O	O
.	O
Mühlemann	O
and	O
Volker	O
Thiel	O
teamed	O
up	O
to	O
unravel	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
NMD	B-PROC
and	O
SGs	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
their	O
interconnections	O
in	O
defending	O
cells	B-COMP
from	O
alphavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
pathogenesis	O
,	O
causes	O
,	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
AKI	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
pancreatitis	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
inactivation	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
2	O
'-	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Glycosylation	B-PROC
is	O
a	O
ubiquitous	O
post	O
-	O
translational	O
modification	O
responsible	O
for	O
a	O
multitude	O
of	O
crucial	O
biological	O
roles	O
.	O

We	O
discuss	O
the	O
growing	O
efforts	O
to	O
exploit	O
viral	O
glycobiology	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
vaccines	O
and	O
therapies	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
will	O
discuss	O
progress	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
nucleoside	B-CHED
and	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
analogues	O
targeting	B-PROC
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
as	O
effective	O
therapeutics	O
against	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
propose	O
promising	O
strategies	O
for	O
combination	O
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
β	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
defensin	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
is	O
involved	O
in	O
CCR2	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
Nod2	B-PRGE
signal	B-PROC
transduction	I-PROC
,	O
leading	O
to	O
activation	O
of	O
the	O
innate	O
immune	O
response	O
in	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
previously	O
reported	O
that	O
human	B-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
defensin	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
HBD	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
activates	O
primary	O
innate	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
against	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
suggested	O
that	O
it	O
plays	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
induction	O
of	O
the	O
adaptive	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
antagonizes	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
by	O
impairing	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
and	O
PACT	B-DISO
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	O
swine	B-SPEC
enteropathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
newborn	O
piglets	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
PDCoV	B-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
the	O
most	O
abundant	O
viral	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
suppressed	O
Sendai	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
SEV	O
)-	O
induced	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
and	O
transcription	B-PROC
factor	O
IRF3	B-PRGE
activation	O
,	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
block	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
induced	O
by	O
overexpressing	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
/	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
.	O

Passive	O
transfer	O
of	O
immune	O
sera	B-COMP
to	O
naïve	O
hDPP4	O
-	O
KI	O
mice	B-SPEC
also	O
provided	O
survival	O
advantages	O
from	O
lethal	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
MA	O
challenge	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
research	O
viral	O
etiology	O
by	O
applying	O
multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
Rt	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
method	O
in	O
autopsy	O
cases	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
considered	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
to	O
assess	O
whether	O
the	O
viruses	B-SPEC
detected	O
are	O
the	O
primary	O
cause	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
whether	O
they	O
have	O
any	O
contributory	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
mortality	O
together	O
with	O
histopathological	O
evidence	O
.	O

In	O
728	O
of	O
834	O
(	O
87	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
cases	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
/	O
tracheal	O
swab	O
samples	O
and	O
in	O
106	O
(	O
12	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
of	O
them	O
paraffin	O
-	O
embedded	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
studied	O
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
""""	O
FTD	B-DISO
Respiratory	O
21	O
(	O
Fast	B-FUNC
-	O
Tract	O
Diagnostics	O
Luxemburg	O
")"""	O
kit	B-FUNC
,	O
with	O
multiplex	O
Rt	O
-	O
PCR	O
method	O
.	O

Infections	B-DISO
with	O
two	O
causative	O
agents	O
were	O
detected	O
as	O
2	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
(	O
5	O
/	O
191	O
)	O
in	O
0	O
-	O
1	O
month	O
age	O
group	O
,	O
13	O
%	O
(	O
77	O
/	O
593	O
)	O
in	O
1	O
month	O
-	O
18	O
year	O
age	O
group	O
and	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
1	O
/	O
50	O
)	O
in	O
>	O
18	O
age	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Delicate	O
structural	O
coordination	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
Nsp13	O
upon	O
ATP	O
hydrolysis	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
first	O
present	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
full	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
length	I-PRGE
Nsp13	I-PRGE
helicase	I-PRGE
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Nsp13	O
)	O
and	O
investigate	O
the	O
structural	O
coordination	B-PROC
of	O
its	O
five	O
domains	O
and	O
how	O
these	O
contribute	O
to	O
its	O
translocation	B-DISO
and	O
unwinding	O
activity	O
.	O

A	O
renewed	O
interest	O
in	O
coronaviral	O
research	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
several	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
and	O
since	O
then	O
much	O
progress	O
has	O
been	O
made	O
in	O
understanding	O
the	O
CoV	O
life	O
cycle	O
.	O

The	O
CoV	B-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
is	O
a	O
small	O
,	O
integral	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
involved	O
in	O
several	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
'	O
life	O
cycle	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
assembly	O
,	O
budding	B-PATH
,	O
envelope	B-COMP
formation	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
high	O
mortality	O
rate	O
of	O
certain	O
CoVs	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
their	O
ease	O
of	O
transmission	O
,	O
underpins	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
more	O
research	O
into	O
CoV	O
molecular	O
biology	O
which	O
can	O
aid	O
in	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
effective	O
anti	O
-	O
coronaviral	O
agents	O
for	O
both	O
human	B-SPEC
CoVs	O
and	O
enzootic	O
CoVs	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Infections	I-DISO
With	O
Influenza	B-DISO
and	O
Noninfluenza	O
Respiratory	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
Yemen	O
,	O
2011	O
-	O
2016	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aims	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
proportions	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
noninfluenza	O
viruses	B-SPEC
among	O
SARI	O
patients	O
and	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
SARI	O
and	O
its	O
associated	O
factors	O
.	O

The	O
proportions	O
of	O
positive	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
(	O
type	O
A	O
,	O
B	O
)	O
and	O
noninfluenza	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
respiratory	O
syncytial	O
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
human	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
),	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
admission	O
rate	O
,	O
and	O
fatality	O
rate	O
among	O
SARI	O
patients	O
were	O
calculated	O
.	O

Knowledge	O
concerning	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
circulation	B-PROC
pattern	O
,	O
and	O
evolutionary	O
kinetics	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
are	O
scant	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
available	O
literature	O
being	O
inconsistent	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
approximately	O
30	O
million	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
highest	O
numbers	O
in	O
Africa	O
and	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
we	O
contend	O
that	O
other	O
camel	B-SPEC
-	O
borne	O
diseases	O
such	O
as	O
Yersinia	B-SPEC
pestis	I-SPEC
,	O
Coxiella	B-SPEC
burnetii	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Crimean	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Congo	I-DISO
hemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
are	O
just	O
as	O
important	O
to	O
include	O
in	O
surveillance	O
efforts	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
chimeric	O
antigen	B-CHED
could	O
induce	O
specific	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	O
against	O
both	O
strains	O
leading	O
to	O
protection	O
of	O
immunized	O
mice	B-SPEC
against	O
H1N1pdm09	O
and	O
efficient	O
neutralization	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
This	O
study	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
OMVs	O
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
presenting	O
viral	O
antigens	B-CHED
provide	O
a	O
safe	O
and	O
reliable	O
approach	O
to	O
protect	O
against	O
two	O
different	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
(	O
IB	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
disease	O
that	O
can	O
result	O
in	O
huge	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
.	O

The	O
high	O
level	O
of	O
mutations	O
of	O
the	O
IB	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
leads	O
to	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
new	O
serotypes	O
and	O
genotypes	O
,	O
and	O
limits	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
routine	O
prevention	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Deltacoronavirus	I-PRGE
Nucleocapsid	B-COMP
Protein	B-CHED
Suppressed	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
Production	O
by	O
Interfering	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
RIG	O
-	O
I	O
dsRNA	B-CHED
-	O
Binding	B-FUNC
and	O
K63	O
-	O
Linked	O
Polyubiquitination	B-PROC
.	O

PDCoV	O
N	O
protein	O
targeted	B-PROC
porcine	B-SPEC
retinoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
inducible	O
gene	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
(	O
pRIG	O
-	O
I	O
)	O
and	O
porcine	B-PRGE
TNF	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
associated	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
pTRAF3	O
)	O
by	O
directly	O
interacting	O
with	O
them	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	B-SPEC
are	O
flying	O
mammals	B-SPEC
distributed	O
worldwide	O
known	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
several	O
types	O
of	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
).	O

His	O
condition	B-DISO
quickly	O
worsened	O
with	O
haemoptysis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
which	O
subsequently	O
required	O
intubation	O
and	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
were	O
positive	O
for	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Weil	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
haemoptysis	B-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
resulting	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
system	O
will	O
add	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
published	O
list	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cDNAs	O
and	O
facilitate	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
Korean	O
isolate	O
-	O
specific	O
antiviral	B-CHED
measures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fever	B-PROC
in	O
travellers	O
returning	O
from	O
the	O
tropics	O
.	O

Simple	O
and	O
multiple	O
log	O
-	O
binomial	O
regression	O
models	O
were	O
constructed	O
to	O
assess	O
associations	O
of	O
virus	O
type	O
with	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
PICU	B-SPEC
admission	O
.	O

Age	O
,	O
prematurity	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
an	O
underlying	O
disease	O
and	O
congenital	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
were	O
covariates	O
.	O

To	O
understand	O
the	O
molecular	O
basis	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
attachment	O
to	O
oligosaccharide	B-CHED
receptors	O
,	O
we	O
determined	O
cryo	O
-	O
EM	O
structures	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
trimer	O
in	O
isolation	O
and	O
in	O
complex	O
with	O
a	O
9	O
-	O
O	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
acetylated	I-CHED
sialic	I-CHED
acid	I-CHED
.	O

Our	O
results	O
demonstrate	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
evolved	O
similar	O
strategies	O
to	O
engage	O
sialoglycans	O
at	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
understand	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
mild	O
-	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Hospital	O
mortality	O
increased	O
from	O
31	O
%	O
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
no	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
to	O
50	O
%	O
in	O
mild	O
-	O
moderate	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
p	O
≤	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
vs	O
no	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
)	O
and	O
58	O
%	O
in	O
severe	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
p	O
≤	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
vs	O
no	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
mild	O
-	O
moderate	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
).	O

The	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
mild	O
-	O
moderate	O
in	O
severity	O
,	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
substantial	O
increase	O
in	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Infection	B-DISO
remains	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
etiology	O
.	O

Higher	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
scores	O
at	O
admission	O
,	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
pneumothorax	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
a	O
positive	O
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
at	O
48	O
hours	O
predicted	O
poor	O
outcome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
vaccines	O
against	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Integrin	B-PRGE
α5β1	I-PRGE
-	O
FAK	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
was	O
activated	O
in	O
PHEV	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
by	O
qPCR	O
,	O
Western	O
blotting	O
,	O
and	O
GST	B-PRGE
pull	O
-	O
down	O
assays	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
IPI	O
-	O
2I	O
cells	B-COMP
are	O
highly	O
susceptible	O
to	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
,	O
PDCoV	O
,	O
and	O
PEAV	O
,	O
as	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
and	O
virus	B-PROC
multiplication	I-PROC
.	O

Monitoring	O
at	O
trough	O
and	O
peak	O
maternal	O
medication	O
levels	O
was	O
implemented	O
to	O
ascertain	O
acute	O
physiologic	O
effects	O
of	O
buprenorphine	B-CHED
administration	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
10	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
and	O
50	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
NBP	O
significantly	O
prevented	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
increase	O
of	O
W	O
/	O
D	O
ratio	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
histological	O
injury	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
infiltration	B-DISO
of	O
inflammatory	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
cytokines	O
and	O
chemokines	O
,	O
and	O
oxidative	B-PATH
damage	I-PATH
.	O

Sirtuin	B-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
SIRT1	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
nuclear	O
factor	O
(	O
erythroid	O
-	O
derived	O
2	O
)-	O
like	O
2	O
(	O
Nrf2	B-PRGE
)	O
expression	B-PROC
was	O
increased	O
by	O
NBP	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
of	O
LPS	B-DISO
-	O
treated	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
test	O
the	O
neutralising	O
capacity	O
of	O
these	O
antisera	O
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
susceptibility	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
was	O
induced	O
in	O
naive	O
recipient	O
Balb	O
/	O
c	O
mice	B-SPEC
by	O
the	O
administration	O
of	O
an	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
vector	O
expressing	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
DPP4	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
Ad5	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
hDPP4	I-PRGE
)	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
passive	O
transfer	O
of	O
the	O
RBD	O
-	O
specific	O
murine	B-SPEC
antisera	O
to	O
the	O
transduced	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

Subsequent	O
challenge	O
of	O
the	O
recipient	O
transduced	O
mice	B-SPEC
by	O
the	O
intra	O
-	O
nasal	B-ANAT
route	O
with	O
a	O
clinical	O
isolate	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
viral	O
load	O
in	O
their	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
compared	O
with	O
transduced	O
mice	B-SPEC
receiving	O
a	O
negative	O
control	O
antibody	O
.	O

The	O
murine	B-SPEC
antisera	O
used	O
were	O
derived	O
from	O
mice	B-SPEC
which	O
had	O
been	O
primed	O
sub	O
-	O
cutaneously	O
with	O
a	O
recombinant	O
fusion	O
of	O
RBD	O
with	O
a	O
human	B-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
Fc	I-PRGE
tag	B-DISO
(	O
RBD	O
-	O
Fc	O
),	O
adsorbed	O
to	O
calcium	B-CHED
phosphate	I-CHED
microcrystals	O
and	O
then	O
boosted	O
by	O
the	O
oral	B-ANAT
route	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
reverse	O
micelles	O
.	O

Because	O
vitamin	B-CHED
K	I-CHED
antagonist	I-CHED
and	O
rivaroxaban	B-CHED
15	O
mg	O
were	O
dropped	O
because	O
of	O
difficult	O
international	O
normalized	O
ratio	O
control	O
(	O
time	O
in	O
therapeutic	O
range	O
<	O
30	O
%)	O
and	O
severe	O
haematuria	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
edoxaban	O
30	O
mg	O
(	O
crushed	O
pill	O
)	O
daily	O
was	O
administered	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
weight	O
of	O
58	O
kg	O
.	O

German	O
transfusion	O
centres	O
were	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
start	O
in	O
-	O
house	O
NAT	B-ENZY
testing	O
of	O
their	O
donations	O
in	O
pools	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
96	O
samples	O
for	O
HCV	B-SPEC
,	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBV	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
-	O
1	O
(	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
).	O

Years	O
later	O
the	O
diagnostics	O
industry	O
provided	O
commercial	O
HCV	B-SPEC
and	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
and	O
later	O
HBV	B-DISO
NAT	B-ENZY
tests	O
on	O
automated	O
platforms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
acute	O
or	O
chronic	O
lung	O
injury	O
,	O
inappropriate	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
and	O
/	O
or	O
aberrant	O
repair	B-PROC
process	O
causes	O
irreversible	O
damage	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
and	O
most	O
usually	O
results	O
in	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
fibrosis	B-DISO
followed	O
by	O
decline	O
in	O
lung	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
.	O

Mesenchymal	B-ANAT
stem	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
MSCs	B-FUNC
)	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
modulate	O
proliferation	B-DISO
,	O
activation	O
,	O
and	O
effector	B-CHED
function	O
of	O
all	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
acute	O
and	O
chronic	O
inflammatory	O
lung	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Other	O
findings	O
during	O
the	O
initial	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
may	O
include	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
acute	O
cardiac	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
or	O
inappropriate	O
fluid	B-PROC
balance	I-PROC
,	O
flat	O
neck	B-ANAT
veins	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
peripheral	O
edema	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
detection	O
rate	O
of	O
2	O
-	O
3	O
%	O
was	O
recorded	O
for	O
mycoplasma	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
,	O
adenoviruses	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
HPIVs	O
),	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
).	O

The	O
levels	O
of	O
EVLWI	O
,	O
Ang	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
PaO	B-PROC
ΔEVLWI	O
and	O
ΔAng	O
-	O
2	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
of	O
severe	O
multiple	O
trauma	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
predictive	O
value	O
of	O
ΔEVLWI	O
was	O
better	O
than	O
Ang	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
APACHE	O
II	O
.	O

In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
treating	O
ARDS	B-DISO
by	O
inhibiting	O
spleen	B-ANAT
-	O
induced	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
response	I-DISO
have	O
gradually	O
been	O
discovered	O
,	O
providing	O
new	O
ideas	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Chicken	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
were	O
screened	O
for	O
anti	O
-	O
NDV	B-SPEC
antibodies	B-COMP
by	O
ELISA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
systematic	O
review	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
seroprevalence	O
and	O
RNA	O
prevalence	O
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
:	O
Implications	O
for	O
animal	O
vaccination	O
.	O

We	O
aim	O
to	O
bring	O
together	O
existing	O
measures	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
to	O
assess	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
highlighting	O
knowledge	O
gaps	O
and	O
implications	O
for	O
animal	B-SPEC
vaccination	O
.	O

The	O
high	O
prevalence	O
of	O
active	O
infection	B-DISO
measured	O
in	O
juveniles	O
and	O
at	O
sites	O
where	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
populations	O
mix	O
should	O
guide	O
further	O
investigation	O
-	O
particularly	O
of	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
movement	B-PROC
-	O
and	O
inform	O
vaccination	O
strategy	O
design	O
and	O
evaluation	O
through	O
mathematical	O
modelling	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
further	O
scope	O
for	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
novel	O
thiazole	B-CHED
compounds	O
by	O
taking	O
the	O
most	O
active	O
compounds	O
as	O
lead	O
structures	O
.	O

We	O
collected	O
the	O
induced	B-ANAT
sputum	I-ANAT
from	O
enrolled	O
1629	O
children	O
(	O
under	O
18	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
)	O
with	O
no	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptom	I-DISO
prior	O
to	O
pediatric	O
surgery	O
between	O
March	O
2017	O
and	O
February	O
2019	O
.	O

We	O
tested	O
16	O
different	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
in	O
post	O
-	O
surgery	O
mild	O
symptomatic	O
PSP	B-DISO
group	O
and	O
asymptomatic	O
PSP	B-DISO
group	O
using	O
a	O
quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-ENZY
transcriptase	I-ENZY
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
assay	O
panel	O
.	O

Commonly	O
detected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
human	B-SPEC
rhino	O
/	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
HRV	O
/	O
EV	O
,	O
42	O
.	O
19	O
%),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
3	O
(	O
PIV3	O
,	O
24	O
.	O
48	O
%),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CoV	O
NL63	O
,	O
OC43	O
,	O
HKU1	O
,	O
11	O
.	O
46	O
%),	O
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
9	O
.	O
9	O
%).	O

Employing	O
a	O
more	O
comprehensive	O
,	O
sensitive	O
and	O
quantitative	O
method	O
should	O
be	O
considered	O
for	O
preoperative	O
testing	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
guide	O
optimal	O
surgical	O
timing	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Out	O
of	O
1629	O
children	O
enrolled	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
204	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
were	O
present	O
in	O
171	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
50	O
%)	O
PSPs	O
including	O
47	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
symptoms	O
and	O
124	O
with	O
no	O
symptoms	O
after	O
surgery	O
.	O

Aim	B-PRGE
of	O
this	O
multicenter	O
retrospective	O
observational	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
whether	O
poractant	O
alfa	O
use	O
in	O
pediatric	O
ARDS	B-DISO
might	O
improve	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
in	O
children	O
less	O
than	O
2	O
years	O
old	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
a	O
shared	O
protocol	O
.	O

A	O
shared	O
protocol	O
seems	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
good	O
option	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
same	O
criteria	O
of	O
enrollment	O
among	O
different	O
PICUs	B-SPEC
and	O
define	O
a	O
unique	O
way	O
of	O
use	O
and	O
administration	O
of	O
the	O
drug	O
for	O
future	O
studies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reversible	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribosylation	O
of	O
RNA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribosylation	O
is	O
a	O
reversible	O
chemical	O
modification	O
catalysed	O
by	O
ADP	O
-	O
ribosyltransferases	O
such	O
as	O
PARPs	B-CHED
that	O
utilize	O
nicotinamide	B-CHED
adenine	I-CHED
dinucleotide	I-CHED
(	O
NAD	O
+)	O
as	O
a	O
cofactor	B-CHED
to	O
transfer	O
monomer	O
or	O
polymers	B-CHED
of	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribose	B-CHED
nucleotide	B-CHED
onto	O
macromolecular	O
targets	O
such	O
as	O
proteins	B-CHED
and	O
DNA	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preventive	O
Behavioral	B-PROC
Responses	O
to	O
the	O
2015	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Outbreak	O
in	O
Korea	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
three	O
unrelated	O
children	O
with	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
IAV	B-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
manifesting	O
as	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
IAV	B-SPEC
-	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
heterozygous	O
for	O
rare	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Combined	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
effect	O
of	O
ginseng	B-SPEC
stem	B-ANAT
-	O
leaf	O
saponins	O
and	O
selenium	B-CHED
on	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
a	O
live	O
bivalent	O
vaccine	O
of	O
Newcastle	O
disease	O
virus	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Proportions	O
of	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
genotype	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
isolates	O
have	O
increased	O
over	O
time	O
.	O

Sequence	O
analyses	O
revealed	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
5	O
strains	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
many	O
recent	O
field	O
isolates	O
from	O
other	O
researchers	O
,	O
belonged	O
to	O
the	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
IBV	B-SPEC
genotype	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
distantly	O
related	O
to	O
commercial	O
vaccine	O
strains	O
.	O

Viral	O
pathogenicity	O
experiments	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
isolates	O
caused	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
severe	O
ciliostasis	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
,	O
although	O
they	O
caused	O
milder	O
lethality	O
.	O

Certain	O
occupations	O
such	O
as	O
hydrocarbon	B-CHED
-	O
exposing	O
occupations	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
landscaping	O
,	O
farming	O
,	O
and	O
painting	O
)	O
and	O
viral	O
exposure	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
causing	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
adults	O
with	O
an	O
incorporation	O
site	O
in	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
genome	O
at	O
chromosome	B-COMP
15q11	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
seasonal	O
in	O
nature	O
and	O
contribute	O
to	O
chromosome	B-COMP
damage	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
last	O
15	O
years	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
witnessed	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
two	O
zoonotic	O
,	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
HCoVs	O
:	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

Replication	O
of	O
HCoV	O
is	O
regulated	O
by	O
a	O
diversity	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
and	O
induces	O
drastic	O
alterations	O
in	O
cellular	B-COMP
structure	I-COMP
and	O
physiology	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
have	O
previously	O
reported	O
a	O
new	O
class	B-SPEC
of	O
dendrimers	O
with	O
tryptophan	B-CHED
(	O
Trp	B-ENZY
)	O
residues	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
that	O
show	O
dual	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activities	O
against	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
EV71	O
.	O

Experimental	O
work	O
carried	O
on	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
mode	O
of	O
action	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
potent	O
IIa	O
,	O
containing	O
tetravalent	O
branched	B-ANAT
arms	B-DISO
,	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
it	O
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
viral	O
envelopes	O
of	O
HIV	B-DISO
,	O
EV71	O
and	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
and	O
thus	O
may	O
prevent	O
virus	B-SPEC
attachment	O
to	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
.	O

RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
FluA	O
,	O
HMPV	B-SPEC
,	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
by	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
.	O

RSV	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
FluA	O
,	O
and	O
coinfections	B-DISO
were	O
identified	O
in	O
14	O
%,	O
14	O
%,	O
5	O
%,	O
and	O
15	O
%	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Open	O
Reading	O
Frame	O
-	O
8b	O
triggers	O
intracellular	B-COMP
stress	O
pathways	B-PROC
and	O
activates	O
NLRP3	B-PRGE
inflammasomes	B-PATH
.	O

ORF8b	O
causes	O
cell	B-PROC
death	I-PROC
in	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
which	O
is	O
partially	O
rescued	O
by	O
reducing	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
aggregate	O
.	O

PROSPERO	B-SPEC
CRD42018084370	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
novel	O
swine	O
enteropathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
with	O
worldwide	O
distribution	O
.	O

Eleven	O
common	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
were	O
tested	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
<	O
13	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
criteria	O
for	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
GeXP	O
-	O
based	O
multiplex	O
-	O
PCR	O
of	O
paired	O
OPS	B-DISO
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
.	O

From	O
January	O
to	O
June	O
2018	O
,	O
440	O
children	O
with	O
paired	O
OPS	O
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
were	O
tested	O
.	O

Flocked	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
performed	O
similarly	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
common	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
in	O
hospitalized	O
children	O
by	O
multiplex	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
and	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
.	O

Daily	O
injections	O
of	O
Clenbuterol	B-CHED
(	O
1	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
for	O
21	O
days	O
)	O
or	O
vehicle	O
control	O
were	O
also	O
carried	O
out	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
AAV	O
-	O
Pck2	B-PRGE
overexpression	B-PROC
on	O
the	O
anabolic	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
beta	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
adrenergic	I-CHED
agonist	I-CHED
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
favored	O
by	O
severe	O
hyponatremia	O
and	O
SIADH	B-DISO
that	O
can	O
cause	O
cerebral	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
MBL	O
-	O
positive	O
EACs	O
express	O
the	O
CD83	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
,	O
providing	O
evidence	O
that	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
facilitated	O
the	O
maturation	B-PROC
of	O
dendritic	B-ANAT
cell	B-COMP
precursors	O
.	O

After	O
many	O
years	O
of	O
quiescence	O
,	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
was	O
detected	O
in	O
Hungary	O
in	O
2016	O
with	O
a	O
recombination	B-PROC
in	O
its	O
S	O
gene	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Virome	O
heterogeneity	O
and	O
connectivity	O
in	O
waterfowl	B-SPEC
and	O
shorebird	O
communities	O
.	O

This	O
revealed	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
27	O
viral	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
of	O
which	O
24	O
were	O
novel	O
,	O
including	O
double	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
Picobirnaviridae	B-SPEC
and	O
Reoviridae	B-SPEC
),	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
Astroviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
Caliciviridae	B-SPEC
,	O
Picornaviridae	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
retro	O
-	O
transcribing	O
DNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
Hepadnaviridae	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
a	O
single	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
stranded	I-CHED
DNA	I-CHED
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
Parvoviridae	B-SPEC
).	O

Analysis	O
of	O
differential	B-PROC
gene	I-PROC
expression	I-PROC
in	O
infected	O
primary	O
chick	O
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP
response	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
occurs	O
primarily	O
at	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
with	O
global	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
immune	O
-	O
related	O
mRNA	B-CHED
transcripts	O
following	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
comparatively	O
modest	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
translation	B-PROC
efficiencies	O
of	O
host	B-COMP
genes	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
6	O
'-	O
fluorinated	O
aristeromycins	O
were	O
designed	O
as	O
dual	O
-	O
target	O
antiviral	O
compounds	O
aimed	O
at	O
inhibiting	O
both	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
)	O
and	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
cell	I-COMP

Physicians	O
remain	O
reluctant	O
to	O
recommend	O
tracheostomy	O
for	O
children	O
requiring	O
prolonged	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
due	O
to	O
lung	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
alone	O
at	O
3	O
weeks	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Swine	B-SPEC
received	O
severe	O
SII	O
and	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
(	O
APRV	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
or	O
conventional	O
ARDSNet	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
MV	O
)	O
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
,	O
n	O
=	O
8	O
).	O

A	O
control	O
group	O
without	O
injury	O
received	O
volume	O
controlled	O
MV	O
(	O
CTRL	O
,	O
n	O
=	O
6	O
),	O
The	O
multiple	O
inert	O
gas	B-ENZY
elimination	B-PROC
technique	O
and	O
CT	O
were	O
performed	O
at	O
baseline	O
(	O
BL	O
),	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
hours	O
,	O
1	O
hours	O
,	O
2	O
hours	O
,	O
24	O
hours	O
,	O
and	O
48	O
hours	O
after	O
injury	O
.	O

(	O
1	O
)	O
SII	O
caused	O
increases	O
in	O
Qshunt	O
more	O
so	O
in	O
APRV	O
than	O
CMV	B-SPEC
group	O
.	O

A	O
tissue	O
segmentation	B-PROC
algorithm	O
based	O
on	O
graph	O
theory	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
reconstruct	O
a	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
(	O
3D	O
)	O
model	O
of	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
estimate	O
PAV	O
.	O

The	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
PAV	O
was	O
more	O
prominent	O
in	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
that	O
developed	O
ARDS	B-DISO
after	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
the	O
injury	O
.	O

Results	O
show	O
that	O
vaccination	O
on	O
day	O
1	O
of	O
age	O
elicits	O
significantly	O
lower	O
systemic	O
and	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
compared	O
with	O
vaccination	O
at	O
later	O
time	O
points	O
in	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
.	O

Macrophages	B-ANAT
are	O
classified	O
as	O
M1	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
with	O
proinflammatory	O
effects	O
or	O
M2	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
with	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
effects	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
NET	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
significantly	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
NETs	O
generation	O
,	O
downregulated	O
M1	O
markers	O
and	O
upregulated	O
M2	O
markers	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
NETs	B-PRGE
promote	O
ARDS	B-DISO
inflammation	B-DISO
during	O
the	O
acute	O
phase	O
by	O
promoting	O
macrophage	B-ANAT
polarization	O
to	O
the	O
M1	O
phenotype	O
.	O

Nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
broncho	B-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
alveolar	I-ANAT
lavage	O
samples	O
from	O
inpatients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
symptoms	O
at	O
the	O
Uludag	O
University	O
Hospital	O
between	O
December	O
1	O
,	O
2015	O
and	O
March	O
31	O
,	O
2018	O
were	O
investigated	O
.	O

The	O
R	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
GENE	I-PRGE

TITLE	O
:	O
Relationship	O
between	O
Structural	O
Characteristics	O
and	O
Plant	B-SPEC
Sources	O
along	O
with	O
Pharmacology	O
Research	O
of	O
Quassinoids	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
activity	O
relationships	O
(	O
SARs	B-DISO
)	O
of	O
quassinoids	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
cancer	B-DISO
mechanisms	O
of	O
four	O
representative	O
quassinoids	O
,	O
eurycomanone	B-CHED
,	O
bruceine	B-CHED
D	I-CHED
,	O
dehydrobruceine	O
B	O
,	O
and	O
brusatol	O
are	O
discussed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Faculty	O
of	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Medicine	O
and	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Society	O
Guideline	O
Development	B-PROC
Group	O
have	O
used	O
GRADE	O
methodology	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
following	O
recommendations	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

We	O
included	O
all	O
controlled	O
studies	O
that	O
compared	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
PPE	B-CHED
used	O
by	O
HCW	O
exposed	O
to	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
with	O
serious	O
consequences	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Ebola	O
or	O
SARS	B-DISO
,	O
on	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
contamination	O
,	O
or	O
noncompliance	O
with	O
protocols	O
.	O

In	O
one	O
study	O
HCW	O
were	O
exposed	O
to	O
Ebola	O
and	O
in	O
another	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O
Evidence	O
for	O
all	O
outcomes	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
single	O
studies	O
and	O
is	O
very	O
low	O
quality	O
.	O

Alterations	O
to	O
PPE	B-CHED
design	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
less	O
contamination	O
such	O
as	O
added	O
tabs	O
to	O
grab	O
masks	O
(	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
33	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
14	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
80	O
)	O
or	O
gloves	O
(	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
22	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
15	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
31	O
),	O
a	O
sealed	O
gown	O
and	O
glove	O
combination	O
(	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
27	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
09	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
78	O
),	O
or	O
a	O
better	O
fitting	B-DISO
gown	O
around	O
the	O
neck	B-ANAT
,	O
wrists	B-ANAT
and	O
hands	B-ANAT
(	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
08	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
55	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
standard	O
PPE	B-CHED
.	O
Different	O
methods	O
of	O
donning	O
and	O
doffing	O
proceduresDouble	O
gloving	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
less	O
contamination	O
compared	O
to	O
single	O
gloving	O
(	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
36	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
16	O
to	O
0	O
.	O
78	O
).	O
Following	O
CDC	O
recommendations	O
for	O
doffing	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
less	O
contamination	O
compared	O
to	O
no	O
guidance	O
(	O
MD	O
small	O
patches	O
-	O
5	O
.	O
44	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
43	O
to	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
45	O
).	O
Alcohol	O
-	O
based	O
hand	O
rub	O
used	O
during	O
the	O
doffing	O
process	O
may	O
not	O
lead	O
to	O
less	O
contamination	O
than	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
hypochlorite	B-CHED
based	O
solution	O
(	O
MD	O
4	O
.	O
00	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
47	O
to	O
34	O
.	O
24	O
).	O
Additional	O
spoken	O
instruction	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
fewer	O
errors	O
in	O
doffing	O
(	O
MD	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
9	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
to	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
).	O
Different	O
types	O
of	O
trainingThe	O
use	O
of	O
additional	O
computer	O
simulation	O
may	O
lead	O
to	O
fewer	O
errors	O
in	O
doffing	O
(	O
MD	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
to	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
7	O
).	O
A	O
video	O
lecture	O
on	O
donning	O
PPE	B-CHED
may	O
lead	O
to	O
better	O
skills	O
scores	O
(	O
MD	O
30	O
.	O
70	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
20	O
.	O
14	O
,	O
41	O
.	O
26	O
)	O
than	O
a	O
traditional	O
lecture	O
.	O

Face	B-DISO
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
training	O
in	O
PPE	B-CHED
use	O
may	O
reduce	O
errors	O
more	O
than	O
video	O
or	O
folder	O
based	O
training	O
.	O

We	O
need	O
better	O
simulation	O
studies	O
conducted	O
with	O
several	O
dozen	O
participants	O
to	O
find	O
out	O
which	O
PPE	B-CHED
protects	O
best	O
,	O
and	O
what	O
is	O
the	O
safest	O
way	O
to	O
remove	O
PPE	B-CHED
.	O

Consensus	O
on	O
the	O
best	O
way	O
to	O
conduct	B-PROC
simulation	O
of	O
exposure	O
and	O
assessment	O
of	O
outcome	O
is	O
urgently	O
needed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
some	O
new	O
1	B-CHED
,	I-CHED
3	I-CHED
,	I-CHED
4	I-CHED
-	I-CHED
oxadiazoles	I-CHED
bearing	O
thiophene	B-CHED
,	O
thiazole	B-CHED
,	O
coumarin	B-CHED
,	O
pyridine	O
and	O
pyridazine	B-CHED
derivatives	O
as	O
antiviral	B-CHED
agents	I-CHED
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
cyclic	B-CHED
ketones	I-CHED
were	O
subjected	O
to	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
fused	O
thiophene	B-CHED
derivatives	O
4a	O
,	O
b	O
via	O
reaction	O
with	O
compound	O
1	O
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
elemental	B-CHED
sulfur	I-CHED
.	O

Viral	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
,	O
and	O
in	O
some	O
instances	O
viable	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
have	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
aerosols	O
in	O
the	O
air	B-CHED
in	O
healthcare	O
settings	O
for	O
some	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
seasonal	O
and	O
avian	B-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiology	O
of	O
Pediatric	O
Severe	B-DISO
Sepsis	I-DISO
in	O
Main	O
PICU	B-SPEC
Centers	O
in	O
Southwest	O
China	O
.	O

Eight	O
PICUs	B-SPEC
in	O
Southwest	O
China	O
with	O
19	O
(	O
13	O
-	O
24	O
)	O
beds	O
and	O
1	O
,	O
322	O
(	O
1	O
,	O
066	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
452	O
)	O
annual	O
admissions	O
each	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
suggested	O
that	O
the	O
public	O
'	O
s	O
preventive	O
(	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
)	O
and	O
avoidance	O
(	O
avoiding	O
hospitals	O
even	O
when	O
sick	O
)	O
behaviors	B-PROC
that	O
were	O
frequently	O
practiced	O
during	O
the	O
pandemic	O
were	O
influenced	O
by	O
their	O
social	O
determinants	O
both	O
direct	O
and	O
indirect	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
will	O
deepen	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
PHEP	O
by	O
identifying	O
key	O
factors	O
that	O
influence	O
the	O
public	O
'	O
s	O
behavioral	B-PROC
responses	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
providing	O
information	O
to	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
and	O
health	O
risk	O
communication	O
officials	O
to	O
implement	O
strategies	O
necessary	O
in	O
improving	O
PHEP	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
pathogens	O
were	O
influenza	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IFV	B-SPEC
;	O
37	O
.	O
39	O
%;	O
123	O
/	O
329	O
),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
(	O
AdV	O
;	O
17	O
.	O
02	O
%;	O
56	O
/	O
329	O
),	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
;	O
10	O
.	O
94	O
%;	O
36	O
/	O
329	O
),	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
RV	O
/	O
EV	O
;	O
10	O
.	O
03	O
%;	O
33	O
/	O
329	O
),	O
parainfluenza	O
viruses	B-SPEC
(	O
PIVs	O
;	O
8	O
.	O
51	O
%;	O
28	O
/	O
329	O
),	O
and	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
(	O
M	O
.	O
pneu	O
;	O
8	O
.	O
51	O
%;	O
28	O
/	O
329	O
),	O
respectively	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
the	O
225	O
(	O
225	O
/	O
445	O
,	O
51	O
%)	O
positive	O
specimens	O
,	O
329	O
positive	O
pathogens	O
were	O
detected	O
,	O
including	O
298	O
(	O
90	O
.	O
58	O
%)	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
31	O
(	O
9	O
%)	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
collected	O
37	O
,	O
777	O
CA	O
-	O
RVs	O
multiplex	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
test	O
results	O
of	O
individuals	O
aged	O
≥	O
18	O
years	O
from	O
November	O
2012	O
to	O
November	O
2017	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Streptokinase	O
Versus	O
Unfractionated	O
Heparin	B-CHED
Nebulization	O
in	O
Patients	O
With	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
):	O

Case	O
-	O
based	O
data	O
analysis	O
suggests	O
that	O
since	O
2016	O
,	O
as	O
many	O
as	O
1	O
,	O
465	O
cases	O
and	O
293	O
-	O
520	O
deaths	B-PROC
might	O
have	O
been	O
averted	O
.	O

No	O
association	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
between	O
aMPV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
clinical	O
outbreaks	O
or	O
between	O
aMPV	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
detection	O
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
marginal	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
pathogen	O
in	O
poultry	O
farming	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	O
infectious	O
bronchitis	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
responsible	O
of	O
significant	O
economic	O
losses	O
for	O
poultry	O
industry	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
through	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
its	O
pathogenicity	O
,	O
inadequacy	O
of	O
vaccines	O
,	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
evasion	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
S1	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequences	O
showed	O
that	O
both	O
isolates	O
are	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
Algerian	O
strains	O
,	O
and	O
formed	O
a	O
common	O
cluster	O
within	O
the	O
genotype	O
I	O
.	O
In	O
addition	O
,	O
these	O
isolates	O
were	O
non	O
-	O
recombinant	O
ones	O
,	O
confirming	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
unique	O
variants	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Rapid	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
in	O
response	O
to	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
EID	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
goal	O
targeted	B-PROC
by	O
public	O
health	O
agencies	O
worldwide	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effects	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
on	O
tight	B-COMP
junction	I-COMP
protein	B-CHED
gene	B-PROC
expression	I-PROC
and	O
morphology	O
of	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
Claudin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
piglets	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
normal	O
animals	B-SPEC
(	O
p	O
⟨	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

In	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
the	O
mRNA	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
six	O
tight	B-COMP
junction	I-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
showed	O
a	O
downward	O
trend	O
;	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
Occludin	B-PRGE
and	O
Claudin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
was	O
significantly	O
lower	O
(	O
p	O
⟨	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
).	O

Original	O
clinical	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
which	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
eligibility	O
criteria	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
TBI	O
)	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
are	O
common	O
injuries	O
in	O
severely	O
injured	O
patients	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
relevance	O
of	O
TBI	O
,	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
and	O
particularly	O
their	O
combination	O
as	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
its	O
impact	O
on	O
outcomes	O
are	O
not	O
fully	O
elucidated	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
subsequent	O
favorable	O
outcomes	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
institution	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
self	O
-	O
assembly	O
nanoparticles	B-CHED
were	O
prepared	O
for	O
antigens	B-CHED
delivery	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
noncovalent	O
interaction	O
between	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
set	O
priorities	O
for	O
efficient	O
control	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
ARTI	O
)	O
in	O
Africa	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
have	O
accurate	O
estimate	O
of	O
its	O
burden	O
,	O
especially	O
among	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
infected	O
populations	O
.	O

CFR	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
HIV	B-DISO
than	O
in	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
negative	O
controls	O
(	O
OR	O
4	O
.	O
10	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
2	O
.	O
63	O
-	O
6	O
.	O
27	O
,	O
I²	O
:	O
93	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
for	O
viral	O
respiratory	O
aetiologies	O
(	O
Enterovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
Bocavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
Influenza	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
Respiratory	B-SPEC
Syncytial	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
)	O
of	O
ARTI	O
between	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
positive	O
and	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
negative	O
people	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
where	O
being	O
HIV	B-DISO
-	O
negative	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
Rhinovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
OR	O
0	O
.	O
70	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
51	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
97	O
,	O
I²	O
:	O
63	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

We	O
included	O
488	O
patients	O
older	O
than	O
70	O
years	O
with	O
normal	O
spirometry	O
results	O
who	O
underwent	O
curative	O
resection	O
for	O
NSCLC	B-DISO
(	O
stage	O
IA	O
-	O
IIB	O
)	O
between	O
2012	O
and	O
2016	O
.	O

Fraxin	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
active	O
ingredients	O
of	O
Cortex	B-ANAT
Fraxini	O
,	O
a	O
Chinese	O
herbal	O
medicine	B-CHED
,	O
has	O
presented	O
various	O
pharmacological	O
and	O
biological	O
activities	O
.	O

Recombinant	O
EMC	B-COMP
isolates	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
replaced	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
Amibara	O
isolates	O
,	O
were	O
then	O
generated	O
to	O
test	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
these	O
proteins	B-CHED
in	O
viral	O
properties	O
.	O

Respiratory	O
syncytial	O
virus	O
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
may	O
cause	O
a	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
characterized	O
by	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
and	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
mainly	O
in	O
children	O
and	O
the	O
elderly	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
clear	O
that	O
the	O
discovery	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
antivirals	B-CHED
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
alone	O
or	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
existing	O
therapies	O
to	O
treat	O
these	O
important	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
critical	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
describe	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
novel	O
therapeutics	O
currently	O
under	O
development	B-PROC
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
these	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
further	O
solved	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
HKU23	O
-	O
NTD	O
,	O
performed	O
structure	O
-	O
guided	O
mutagenesis	B-PROC
and	O
successfully	O
located	O
the	O
potential	O
sugar	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
pockets	O
in	O
the	O
structure	O
.	O

His	O
medical	O
history	O
included	O
hypertension	B-DISO
managed	O
with	O
amlodipine	B-CHED
;	O
he	O
denied	O
any	O
history	O
of	O
TB	O
,	O
recent	O
travel	O
,	O
or	O
canned	O
food	O
ingestion	O
.	O

Management	O
with	O
acute	O
normovolemic	O
hemodilution	O
corrected	O
both	O
the	O
biologic	O
and	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
parameters	O
.	O

The	O
optimal	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
level	O
on	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
deserves	O
further	O
investigation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Midkine	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
play	O
a	O
crucial	O
role	O
in	O
inflammatory	O
,	O
hypoxia	O
,	O
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
injury	O
processes	O
.	O

Septic	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
Department	O
of	O
Critical	O
Care	O
Medicine	B-CHED
,	O
Zhongda	O
Hospital	O
,	O
a	O
tertiary	O
hospital	O
,	O
from	O
November	O
2017	O
to	O
March	O
2018	O
were	O
enrolled	O
in	O
the	O
study	O
.	O

A	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
sample	O
was	O
obtained	O
at	O
admission	O
,	O
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
midkine	O
levels	O
were	O
evaluated	O
with	O
an	O
immunoassay	O
.	O

Plasma	B-ANAT
midkine	O
levels	O
were	O
significantly	O
elevated	O
in	O
the	O
nonsurvivor	O
group	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
survivors	O
(	O
ng	O
/	O
L	O
,	O
763	O
.	O
6	O
[	O
404	O
.	O
7	O
-	O
1305	O
],	O
268	O
.	O
5	O
[	O
147	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
511	O
.	O
4	O
];	O
Plasma	O
midkine	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
and	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
in	O
septic	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Our	O
aims	O
are	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
preclinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
ARDS	O
among	O
burn	O
patients	O
with	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
.	O

Outcome	O
measures	O
included	O
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
criteria	O
and	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
state	O
at	O
ARDS	B-DISO
onset	O
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
duration	O
,	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
ventilation	O
-	O
free	O
time	O
and	O
mortality	O
rate	O
until	O
28	O
days	O
postburn	O
.	O

Animal	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
despite	O
being	O
ideal	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
are	O
very	O
costly	O
and	O
time	O
-	O
consuming	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
U937	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
model	O
is	O
robust	O
and	O
suitable	O
for	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
throughput	O
screening	O
of	O
immunomodulators	O
and	O
antivirals	B-CHED
against	O
influenza	B-PATH
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
-	O
causing	O
agent	O
in	O
birds	B-SPEC
that	O
leads	O
to	O
significant	O
losses	O
.	O

The	O
major	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
sepsis	B-DISO
(	O
n	O
=	O
13	O
patients	O
with	O
15	O
identified	O
organisms	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
Acinetobacter	B-SPEC
baumannii	I-SPEC
(	O
9	O
),	O
Escherichia	B-SPEC
coli	I-SPEC
(	O
3	O
),	O
Candida	B-SPEC
albicans	I-SPEC
(	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
Aspergillosis	B-DISO
(	O
1	O
)),	O
followed	O
by	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
6	O
),	O
severe	O
heart	B-ANAT
condition	B-DISO
(	O
3	O
),	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
AKI	O
)	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
chronic	B-DISO
kidney	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
CKD	O
)	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
and	O
intracranial	B-DISO
haemorrhage	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
).	O

High	O
index	O
of	O
suspicion	O
for	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
ICH	B-DISO
,	O
early	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
coinfection	B-DISO
is	O
recommended	O
.	O

With	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
resistant	O
viral	O
strains	O
from	O
ICH	B-DISO
to	O
the	O
community	O
,	O
apart	O
from	O
treatment	O
,	O
preventive	O
measures	O
such	O
as	O
vaccination	O
and	O
hygienic	O
practices	O
have	O
a	O
significant	O
role	O
.	O

Serum	B-COMP
total	O
protein	B-CHED
at	O
enrollment	O
and	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
at	O
birth	B-PROC
,	O
treatment	O
end	O
,	O
and	O
hutch	O
exit	O
were	O
measured	O
.	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
odds	O
of	O
microbiological	O
cure	O
at	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
resolution	O
for	O
rotavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
C	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
parvum	I-SPEC
,	O
or	O
any	O
single	O
fecal	B-ANAT
pathogen	O
was	O
not	O
different	O
between	O
treatment	O
groups	O
.	O

Dysregulated	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
diapedesis	B-PROC
is	O
a	O
major	O
contributor	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

SP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
D	I-PRGE
levels	O
increased	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
fold	O
following	O
surgical	O
repair	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
diaphragm	B-ANAT
and	O
were	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
week	O
following	O
surgery	O
when	O
compared	O
to	O
pre	O
-	O
operative	O
levels	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
03	O
).	O

The	O
main	O
objectives	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
pattern	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	O
outbreak	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
basic	O
reproductive	B-PROC
ratio	O
,	O
the	O
probability	O
of	O
ultimate	O
extinction	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
spatio	O
-	O
temporal	O
proximity	O
of	O
occurrence	O
between	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
various	O
biomarkers	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Clara	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
16	I-PRGE
,	O
von	B-PRGE
Willebrand	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
,	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
6	I-PRGE
,	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
,	O
and	O
angiopoietin	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
studied	O
in	O
trauma	O
-	O
related	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
7	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
and	O
canine	B-SPEC
parainfluenza	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
6	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
commonly	O
detected	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
samples	O
from	O
the	O
upper	O
airways	O
of	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Similar	O
findings	O
were	O
observed	O
for	O
the	O
plasma	O
ST2	B-ANAT
and	O
hs	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CRP	I-PRGE
levels	O
.	O

OSA	B-DISO
screening	O
and	O
multifaceted	O
treatment	O
during	O
the	O
sub	O
-	O
acute	O
phase	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
coronary	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
did	O
not	O
further	O
reduce	O
the	O
levels	O
of	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
biomarkers	O
when	O
compared	O
with	O
standard	O
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
abundance	O
of	O
pathogenic	O
bacteria	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
diseases	O
,	O
including	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
was	O
increased	O
.	O

The	O
abundance	O
of	O
Fusobacterium	B-SPEC
was	O
26	O
.	O
71	O
%	O
and	O
33	O
.	O
91	O
%	O
in	O
cecal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
and	O
contents	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
group	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
whereas	O
that	O
in	O
the	O
healthy	O
groups	O
was	O
17	O
.	O
85	O
%	O
and	O
9	O
.	O
88	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Spatiotemporal	O
Clustering	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
Incidence	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
2012	O
-	O
2019	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
analysed	O
the	O
spatiotemporal	O
patterns	O
and	O
clusters	B-CHED
of	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
reported	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
between	O
June	O
2012	O
and	O
March	O
2019	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
dead	B-PROC
piglets	O
per	O
sow	O
(	O
DP	O
/	O
S	O
)	O
was	O
calculated	O
as	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
dead	B-PROC
suckling	O
piglets	O
during	O
TAC	B-CHED
divided	O
by	O
the	O
sow	O
inventory	O
.	O

Regarding	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
biosecurity	O
measures	O
during	O
PED	O
outbreak	O
on	O
TAC	B-PRGE
and	O
DP	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
longer	I-PRGE
TAC	I-PRGE
was	O
observed	O
in	O
Actinobacillus	B-SPEC
pleuropneumoniae	I-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
farms	O
and	O
farms	O
outsourcing	O
pig	B-SPEC
transport	B-PROC
to	O
the	O
slaughterhouse	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Farms	O
that	O
fixed	B-ANAT
the	O
hours	O
staff	O
worked	O
in	O
farrowing	B-PROC
barn	O
had	O
lower	O
DP	O
/	O
S	O
than	O
the	O
other	O
farms	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
We	O
found	O
that	O
CXCL5	B-PRGE
/	O
CXCR2	B-PRGE
accelerated	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
partly	O
by	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
MMP2	B-PRGE
and	O
MMP9	B-PRGE
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
with	O
the	O
release	B-PATH
of	O
inflammatory	O
factors	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Although	O
lung	O
protection	O
with	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
and	O
limited	O
plateau	O
pressure	O
(	O
P	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
compare	O
two	O
strategies	O
using	O
individual	O
PEEP	B-CHED
based	O
on	O
a	O
maximum	O
P	O
Nineteen	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
PaO	B-PROC
There	O
is	O
a	O
great	O
heterogeneity	O
of	O
P	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
Nineteen	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
PaO	B-PROC

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
:	O
overview	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
within	O
48	O
h	O
after	O
onset	O
,	O
avoidance	O
of	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
and	O
rescue	O
therapies	O
for	O
ARF	B-DISO
or	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
,	O
improve	O
survival	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	O
Guillain	O
-	O
Barré	O
syndrome	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
active	I-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
C	O
and	O
mixed	B-DISO
cryoglobulinemia	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

After	O
treatment	O
with	O
intravenous	O
immunoglobulin	B-PROC
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
exchange	O
followed	O
by	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapy	O
by	O
direct	O
-	O
acting	O
antiviral	O
agent	O
,	O
patient	O
showed	O
progressive	O
recovery	O
and	O
was	O
transferred	O
3	O
months	O
after	O
his	O
first	O
admission	O
to	O
a	O
rehabilitation	O
center	O
.	O

HCV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
should	O
be	O
screened	O
in	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
patients	O
to	O
prevent	O
silent	O
progression	O
of	O
the	O
chronic	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
C	I-DISO
and	O
its	O
potentially	O
severe	O
extra	O
-	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
manifestations	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
investigate	O
the	O
clinical	O
correlations	O
between	O
mechanical	O
power	O
(	O
MP	O
)	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
ultrasound	O
score	O
(	O
LUS	O
),	O
and	O
analyze	O
their	O
evaluation	O
value	O
of	O
prognosis	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
fusion	O
protein	B-CHED
expressed	B-PROC
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
mediates	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
and	O
cellular	B-COMP
membranes	B-ANAT
to	O
facilitate	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
induces	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
potential	O
of	O
the	O
trimer	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
HR	O
motif	O
forms	O
a	O
packed	O
-	O
hairpin	O
structure	O
,	O
while	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
subunits	O
are	O
covered	O
by	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
subunit	O
,	O
thereby	O
preventing	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
from	O
forming	O
the	O
typical	O
homotrimeric	O
prehairpin	O
structure	O
predicted	O
by	O
the	O
current	O
model	O
of	O
class	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
viral	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

Our	O
model	O
proposes	O
a	O
key	O
mechanism	O
for	O
membrane	B-PROC
fusion	I-PROC
of	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

Using	O
viruslike	O
particles	O
lacking	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
we	O
demonstrate	O
that	O
binding	B-FUNC
to	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
is	O
not	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
dependent	O
.	O

Clinical	O
presentation	O
is	O
characterized	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
diarrhoea	I-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
and	O
dehydration	B-DISO
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
of	O
all	O
ages	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
possible	O
high	O
mortality	O
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

AIV	O
,	O
including	O
H5	O
,	O
H7	O
,	O
and	O
H9	O
subtypes	O
;	O
NDV	B-SPEC
;	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
were	O
simultaneously	O
detected	O
and	O
differentiated	B-PROC
on	O
a	O
microarray	O
.	O

Influenza	B-DISO
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
predisposition	O
to	O
bacterial	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
presenting	O
concurrently	O
with	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
are	O
now	O
known	O
to	O
occur	O
with	O
a	O
frequency	O
of	O
30	O
-	O
50	O
%	O
in	O
both	O
adult	O
and	O
pediatric	O
populations	O
.	O

Fibrinogen	B-COMP
and	O
antithrombin	B-PRGE
activity	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
as	O
biomarkers	O
of	O
coagulopathy	B-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
utility	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
markers	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
well	O
established	O
.	O

Pituitary	B-ANAT
axis	B-SPEC
function	O
is	O
frequently	O
altered	O
early	O
after	O
ICU	O
admission	O
,	O
the	O
magnitude	O
of	O
hormonal	O
response	O
being	O
different	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
underlying	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

Although	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
taxa	O
significantly	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
different	O
conditions	O
,	O
some	O
peculiar	O
patterns	O
were	O
recognized	O
:	O
Firmicutes	B-SPEC
was	O
always	O
the	O
most	O
represented	O
phylum	B-SPEC
,	O
followed	O
by	O
Bacteroidetes	B-SPEC
and	O
Actinobacteria	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Superior	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
induced	O
by	O
intranasal	O
immunization	O
with	O
recombinant	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
vaccine	O
expressing	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
Spike	O
protein	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
immunization	O
with	O
candidate	O
vaccines	O
via	O
intranasal	O
route	O
induced	O
S1	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
specific	I-PRGE
IgG	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
and	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
MERS	O
spike	O
pseudotyped	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characteristics	O
and	O
outcome	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
influenza	B-DISO
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
4	O
-	O
year	O
experience	O
from	O
a	O
tertiary	O
care	O
center	O
.	O

Cases	O
who	O
were	O
>	O
18	O
years	O
old	O
and	O
were	O
confirmed	O
by	O
a	O
respiratory	O
viral	O
panel	O
to	O
have	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
either	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
or	O
influenza	B-SPEC
viruses	I-SPEC
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
analysis	O
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
448	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
viral	O
pneumonia	O
were	O
included	O
,	O
of	O
those	O
,	O
216	O
(	O
48	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
were	O
caused	O
by	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
(	O
non	O
H1N1	O
)/	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
,	O
150	O
(	O
33	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
by	O
H1N1	O
,	O
and	O
82	O
(	O
18	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
by	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
82	O
%),	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
(	O
64	O
%),	O
and	O
flu	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
(	O
54	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
particularly	O
in	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infected	O
cases	O
(	O
92	O
%).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
Elusive	O
Case	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Interstitial	I-DISO
Pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
prognosis	O
is	O
poor	O
with	O
over	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
dying	B-PROC
during	O
hospital	O
admission	O
from	O
progressive	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Presented	O
herein	O
is	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
previously	O
healthy	O
64	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
woman	O
without	O
a	O
prior	O
history	O
of	O
tobacco	B-SPEC
use	O
who	O
presented	O
with	O
progressive	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
nonspecific	O
constitutional	O
symptoms	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Leigh	B-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
neurodegenerative	B-DISO
disorder	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
mitochondrial	B-COMP
dysfunction	O
,	O
with	O
significant	O
phenotypic	O
and	O
genetic	O
heterogeneity	O
.	O

The	O
typical	O
pathologic	O
hallmarks	O
are	O
focal	O
,	O
bilateral	O
,	O
and	O
symmetric	O
lesions	O
in	O
the	O
basal	B-ANAT
ganglia	I-ANAT
,	O
thalamus	B-ANAT
,	O
cerebellum	B-ANAT
,	O
cerebral	B-ANAT
white	I-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
and	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
gray	I-ANAT
matter	I-ANAT
,	O
usually	O
with	O
T2WI	O
and	O
FLAIR	O
hyperintensity	O
.	O

Progressive	O
worsening	O
of	O
extrapulmonary	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
worse	O
outcome	O
.	O

Postoperative	O
hemoglobin	B-PRGE
level	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
]:	O
0	O
.	O
78	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
[	O
CI	O
]:	O
0	O
.	O
62	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
)	O
and	O
perioperative	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
volume	O
(	O
OR	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
07	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
03	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
12	O
)	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
risk	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
HRCT	O
)	O
examination	O
,	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
an	O
ARDS	O
group	O
and	O
an	O
ARDS	B-DISO
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
-	O
PF	O
)	O
group	O
.	O

Treatment	O
with	O
intravenous	O
lipid	B-CHED
emulsion	O
(	O
ILE	B-CHED
)	O
therapy	O
was	O
instituted	O
to	O
accelerate	O
toxin	O
elimination	B-PROC
,	O
reduce	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
complications	O
related	O
to	O
progressive	O
obtundation	O
and	O
shorten	O
hospitalization	O
time	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Lung	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
barrier	O
dysfunction	O
leads	O
to	O
severe	O
pathologies	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
lethal	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

P53	B-PRGE
has	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
activities	O
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
hematological	O
measures	O
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
increases	O
their	O
translatability	O
and	O
should	O
elevate	O
the	O
preclinical	O
evaluation	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
therapeutics	O
and	O
vaccines	O
to	O
better	O
mirror	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
condition	B-DISO
.	O

He	O
was	O
developed	O
symptoms	O
and	O
hospitalized	O
with	O
severe	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
local	O
hospital	O
for	O
3	O
days	O
before	O
admission	O
to	O
our	O
hospital	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
he	O
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
our	O
hospital	O
,	O
his	O
chest	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
showed	O
bilateral	O
,	O
diffuse	O
and	O
consolidative	O
shadows	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
ratio	O
of	O
partial	O
pressure	O
of	O
arterial	B-ANAT
oxygen	B-CHED
to	O
the	O
fraction	O
of	O
inspired	B-PROC
oxygen	B-CHED
(	O
PaO	B-PROC

All	O
patients	O
had	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
levels	O
of	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
however	O
,	O
were	O
similar	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
detected	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
gallisepticum	I-SPEC
(	O
MG	O
),	O
M	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
synoviae	I-SPEC
(	O
MS	O
),	O
and	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
several	O
poultry	O
farms	O
in	O
Myanmar	O
.	O

Three	O
different	O
genotypes	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
,	O
but	O
none	O
was	O
an	O
unknown	O
variant	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-PROC
phase	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
positive	O
post	O
-	O
weaned	B-PROC
calves	O
with	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
data	O
highlight	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
better	O
ventilatory	O
management	O
in	O
females	O
to	O
improve	O
their	O
outcomes	O
from	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Joint	B-ANAT
efforts	O
combining	O
key	O
technologies	O
in	O
identical	O
models	O
to	O
overcome	O
the	O
limitations	O
inherent	O
to	O
individual	O
methodologies	O
are	O
needed	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
provide	O
conclusive	O
insights	O
into	O
lung	B-ANAT
physiology	O
and	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
dynamics	O
,	O
but	O
ultimately	O
to	O
guide	O
critical	O
care	O
patient	O
therapy	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
impacts	O
of	O
MERS	O
epidemic	O
on	O
emergency	B-DISO
care	O
utilization	O
and	O
mortality	O
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

Deaths	B-PROC
within	O
7	O
days	O
after	O
visiting	O
an	O
ER	O
were	O
analyzed	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
reduction	O
in	O
ER	O
visits	O
on	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
number	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
within	O
7	O
days	O
of	O
an	O
ER	O
visit	O
did	O
not	O
change	O
significantly	O
.	O

He	O
aspirated	B-DISO
sodium	B-CHED
polystyrene	I-CHED
sulfonate	I-CHED
while	O
consuming	O
the	O
drug	O
.	O

The	O
rTGEV	O
-	O
RS	O
-	O
SPEDV	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
was	O
also	O
attenuated	O
in	O
three	O
-	O
week	O
-	O
old	O
animals	B-SPEC
that	O
were	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
protection	O
conferred	O
by	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
protection	O
induced	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
a	O
virulent	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
US	O
strain	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
NVSL	O
).	O

Our	O
earlier	O
studies	O
have	O
identified	O
that	O
3	O
-	O
O	O
-	O
β	O
-	O
chacotriosyl	O
ursolic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
1	O
)	O
could	O
inhibit	O
H5N1	B-DISO
pseudovirus	O
by	O
targeting	B-PROC
hemagglutinin	O
(	O
HA	O
).	O

Using	O
a	O
reverse	O
-	O
genetics	O
system	O
based	O
on	O
CRISPR	O
/	O
Cas9	O
technology	O
to	O
construct	O
a	O
recombinant	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
in	O
which	O
this	O
specific	O
nsp1	B-PRGE
motif	I-PRGE
was	O
altered	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
this	O
mutation	O
does	O
not	O
affect	O
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
but	O
significantly	O
reduces	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
pathogenicity	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Differential	O
neurodegenerative	O
phenotypes	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
heterogeneous	O
voiding	B-PROC
dysfunction	O
in	O
a	O
coronavirus	O
-	O
induced	O
model	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
sclerosis	I-DISO
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
site	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
directed	I-PROC
mutagenesis	I-PROC
found	O
that	O
PDCoV	O
nsp15	O
mutants	O
(	O
H129A	O
,	O
H234A	O
,	O
K269A	O
)	O
lacking	O
endoribonuclease	O
activity	O
also	O
suppress	O
SEV	B-PRGE
-	O
induced	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
and	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
activation	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
endoribonuclease	B-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
is	O
not	O
required	O
for	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
antagonize	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
production	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
retrospective	O
study	O
,	O
22	O
children	O
with	O
laboratory	O
confirmed	O
severe	O
dengue	B-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
PICU	B-SPEC
)	O
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

Half	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
11	O
,	O
50	O
%)	O
had	O
dengue	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Length	O
of	O
PICU	B-SPEC
stay	O
(	O
5	O
.	O
1	O
vs	O
.	O
2	O
.	O
9	O
d	O
)	O
and	O
mortality	O
(	O
28	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
were	O
higher	O
in	O
HLH	B-DISO
group	O
,	O
however	O
the	O
difference	O
was	O
not	O
statistically	O
significant	O
.	O

Severe	O
dengue	B-DISO
presents	O
with	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunctions	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
There	O
is	O
no	O
effective	O
therapeutic	O
or	O
vaccine	O
for	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
and	O
this	O
study	O
attempts	O
to	O
find	O
therapy	O
using	O
peptide	B-CHED
by	O
establishing	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
peptide	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
through	O
in	O
silico	O
docking	B-PROC
studies	O
for	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
peptides	B-CHED
(	O
AMPs	O
)	O
were	O
retrieved	O
from	O
the	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
peptide	B-CHED
database	O
(	O
APD3	O
)	O
and	O
shortlisted	O
based	O
on	O
certain	O
important	O
physicochemical	O
properties	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Type	O
1	O
IFNs	O
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
)	O
generally	O
protect	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
hosts	B-COMP
from	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
is	O
pathogenic	O
.	O

Group	O
A	O
was	O
given	O
continuous	O
hemofiltration	O
alone	O
,	O
and	O
group	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
was	O
given	O
continuous	O
hemofiltration	O
combined	O
with	O
octreotide	B-CHED
.	O

Selected	O
PPE	B-CHED
should	O
protect	O
HCP	B-DISO
from	O
exposure	O
,	O
be	O
usable	O
by	O
HCP	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
fit	B-DISO
for	O
purpose	O
.	O

Unfortunately	O
,	O
ECMO	O
has	O
been	O
traditionally	O
contraindicated	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
hemorrhagic	O
neurologic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
emergence	O
and	O
re	O
-	O
emergence	O
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
underscore	O
the	O
urgent	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
,	O
safe	O
,	O
and	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
against	O
the	O
prevailing	O
strain	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
a	O
cold	B-DISO
-	O
adapted	O
live	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
candidate	O
(	O
Aram	O
-	O
P29	O
-	O
CA	O
)	O
by	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
passage	O
of	O
a	O
virulent	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
isolate	O
at	O
successively	O
lower	O
temperatures	O
in	O
Vero	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
strong	O
antibody	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
to	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
and	O
colostrum	B-ANAT
of	O
immunized	O
sows	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
their	O
offspring	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
cold	B-DISO
-	O
adapted	O
attenuated	O
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
live	O
vaccine	O
in	O
maternal	O
vaccination	O
strategies	O
to	O
provide	O
durable	O
lactogenic	O
immunity	B-PROC
and	O
confer	O
passive	O
protection	O
to	O
litters	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
used	O
results	O
spanning	O
16	O
years	O
(	O
2002	O
-	O
2017	O
)	O
of	O
a	O
routine	O
diagnostic	O
multiplex	O
panel	O
that	O
tests	O
for	O
nine	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
further	O
investigate	O
these	O
interactions	O
in	O
Victoria	B-SPEC
,	O
Australia	O
.	O

The	O
seasonality	O
of	O
all	O
viruses	B-SPEC
included	O
was	O
compared	O
with	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
RSV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
using	O
cross	O
-	O
correlations	O
.	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
likelihood	O
of	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
one	O
virus	B-SPEC
given	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
another	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Assessment	O
of	O
Therapeutic	O
Interventions	O
and	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Protective	O
Ventilation	O
in	O
Patients	O
With	O
Moderate	O
to	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
Distress	O
Syndrome	O
:	O
A	O
Systematic	O
Review	O
and	O
Network	O
Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

Among	O
25	O
randomized	O
clinical	O
trials	O
evaluating	O
9	O
interventions	O
,	O
2686	O
of	O
7743	O
patients	O
(	O
34	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
died	B-PROC
within	O
28	O
days	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
alone	O
,	O
prone	O
positioning	O
and	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
were	O
associated	O
with	O
significantly	O
lower	O
28	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
(	O
prone	O
positioning	O
:	O
risk	O
ratio	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
69	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
credible	O
interval	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
48	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
;	O
low	O
quality	O
of	O
evidence	O
;	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
:	O
risk	O
ratio	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
60	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
credible	O
interval	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
38	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
93	O
;	O
moderate	O
quality	O
of	O
evidence	O
).	O

This	O
network	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
supports	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
prone	O
positioning	O
and	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
in	O
addition	O
to	O
lung	B-ANAT
protective	O
ventilation	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Hypoxia	B-DISO
,	O
oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
and	O
systemic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
link	O
OSA	B-DISO
and	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
and	O
metabolic	B-PROC
consequences	O
,	O
including	O
coronary	B-DISO
artery	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
daytime	O
sleepiness	O
may	O
indicate	O
a	O
more	O
severe	O
OSA	B-DISO
phenotype	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
risk	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
was	O
an	O
independently	O
significant	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
the	O
interval	O
between	O
continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
initiation	O
and	O
PICU	B-SPEC
admission	O
was	O
an	O
independent	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
in	O
patients	O
receiving	O
continuous	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
.	O

Recombinant	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
are	O
usually	O
formulated	O
with	O
aluminum	B-CHED
(	O
alum	O
)-	O
based	O
adjuvants	B-CHED
to	O
ensure	O
an	O
adequate	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
.	O

Although	O
the	O
adjuvanticity	B-PROC
of	O
RNA	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
,	O
a	O
systematic	O
and	O
overall	O
investigation	O
on	O
its	O
efficacy	O
is	O
lacking	O
.	O

This	O
suggests	O
that	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
formulated	O
using	O
RNA	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
function	O
as	O
live	O
-	O
attenuated	O
vaccines	O
.	O

Application	O
of	O
the	O
RNA	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
in	O
mouse	B-SPEC
enhanced	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
subunit	O
vaccine	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
papillomavirus	I-SPEC
L1	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
virus	B-COMP
-	I-COMP
like	I-COMP
particle	I-COMP
vaccine	O
,	O
by	O
activating	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
through	O
TLR7	B-PRGE
and	O
enhancing	O
pAPC	B-CHED
chemotaxis	B-PROC
,	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
balanced	O
Th1	O
/	O
Th2	O
responses	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
alum	O
and	O
the	O
RNA	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
synergistically	O
induced	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
and	O
endowed	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
ARDS	B-DISO
leading	O
to	O
DAD	B-PRGE
is	O
fatal	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
insidious	O
severity	O
of	O
symptoms	O
which	O
lead	O
to	O
rapid	O
oxygen	B-CHED
desaturation	O
without	O
correction	O
,	O
and	O
despite	O
supportive	O
therapy	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
the	O
present	O
study	O
is	O
to	O
characterize	O
an	O
emerging	O
variant	O
pathogenic	O
IBV	B-SPEC
originating	O
from	O
field	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
vaccinated	O
Egyptian	O
layer	B-ANAT
flock	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
of	O
DS	O
,	O
after	O
induction	O
therapy	O
with	O
differentiating	O
agents	O
,	O
include	O
unexplained	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
with	O
interstitial	B-ANAT
pulmonary	B-DISO
infiltrates	I-DISO
,	O
unexplained	O
hypotension	O
,	O
peripheral	O
edema	B-DISO
,	O
congestive	B-DISO
heart	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
previous	O
crystal	B-ANAT
structure	O
study	O
of	O
the	O
MHV	B-SPEC
NTD	O
/	O
mCEACAM1a	O
complex	O
(	O
G	O
.	O
Peng	O
,	O
D	O
.	O
Sun	O
,	O
K	O
.	O
R	O
.	O
Rajashankar	O
,	O
Z	O
.	O
Qian	O
,	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
Proc	O
Natl	O
Acad	B-DISO
Sci	O
U	O
S	O
A	O
108	O
:	O
10696	O
-	O
10701	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
https	O
://	O
doi	O
.	O
org	O
/	O
10	O
.	O
1073	O
/	O
pnas	O
.	O
1104306108	O
)	O
reveals	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
14	O
residues	O
in	O
the	O
NTD	O
interacting	O
with	O
the	O
receptor	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
will	O
aid	O
in	O
better	O
understanding	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
how	O
conformational	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
are	O
triggered	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
A72	O
cells	B-COMP
derived	O
from	O
canine	O
fibroblasts	B-ANAT
permitted	O
FCoV	O
replication	O
without	O
apparent	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
homology	O
of	O
M	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
was	O
the	O
highest	O
(	O
99	O
.	O
0	O
%).	O

Analysis	O
and	O
comparison	O
of	O
open	O
reading	O
frame	O
3	O
(	O
ORF3	O
)	O
proteins	B-CHED
between	O
HLJBY	O
strain	O
and	O
other	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
were	O
also	O
focused	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
.	O

ORF3	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
both	O
HLJBY	O
strain	O
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
SX	O
/	O
China	O
/	O
2017	O
strain	O
consists	O
of	O
91	O
aa	O
,	O
with	O
133	O
aa	O
deletions	O
at	O
their	O
C	O
'	O
end	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
the	O
other	O
tested	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strains	O
.	O

The	O
deubiquitination	B-PROC
of	O
Nsp3	B-PRGE
domains	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
effect	O
on	O
IκBα	O
and	O
p65	B-PRGE
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
western	O
blotting	O
.	O

The	O
ubiquitination	B-PROC
level	O
of	O
IκBα	O
was	O
analyzed	O
by	O
immunoprecipitation	O
.	O

We	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
the	O
inhibitory	O
effect	O
of	O
Nsp3	B-PRGE
was	O
mainly	O
mediated	O
through	O
the	O
suppression	B-DISO
of	O
IκBα	O
degradation	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
of	O
p65	B-PRGE
phosphorylation	B-PROC
and	O
nuclear	B-PROC
translocation	I-PROC
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
residues	O
at	O
positions	O
590	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
215	O
in	O
Nsp3	B-PRGE
were	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
inhibit	O
the	O
degradation	O
of	O
IκBα	O
by	O
inhibiting	O
the	O
IκBα	O
ubiquitination	B-PROC
.	O

Jejunum	B-ANAT
was	O
the	O
first	O
target	O
tissue	B-ANAT
for	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
then	O
ileum	B-ANAT
,	O
followed	O
by	O
infrequent	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
duodenum	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
provide	O
useful	O
information	O
about	O
spread	O
dynamics	O
and	O
tissue	B-ANAT
preference	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
epidemic	O
strain	O
BJ2011C	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
document	O
comprehensively	O
the	O
journey	O
of	O
SCARs	B-DISO
from	O
bedside	O
to	O
bench	O
and	O
outline	O
future	O
perspectives	O
in	O
SCARs	B-DISO
research	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Interferon	B-PRGE
gamma	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
)	O
is	O
best	O
known	O
for	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
regulate	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
;	O
however	O
,	O
its	O
direct	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
is	O
less	O
well	O
studied	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
suppressed	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
ST	O
cells	B-COMP
more	O
efficiently	O
than	O
did	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
γ	I-PRGE
and	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
displayed	O
a	O
synergistic	O
effect	O
against	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

Severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
on	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
risk	O
of	O
exacerbation	O
following	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
URTI	B-DISO
symptoms	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
particular	O
virus	B-SPEC
associated	O
with	O
the	O
event	O
and	O
was	O
significant	O
only	O
for	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
3	O
.	O

Higher	O
DP	O
showed	O
a	O
significant	O
association	O
with	O
higher	O
mortality	O
(	O
pooled	O
risk	O
ratio	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
10	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
[	O
CI	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
05	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
16	O
;	O
Higher	O
DP	O
was	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
death	O
among	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

This	O
trial	O
is	O
registered	O
with	O
PROSPERO	B-SPEC
(	O
CRD42018102146	O
),	O
on	O
11	O
August	O
2018	O
.	O

Patients	O
older	O
than	O
18	O
years	O
with	O
early	O
ARDS	B-DISO
for	O
less	O
than	O
12	O
h	O
were	O
randomly	O
assigned	O
(	O
1	O
:	O
1	O
)	O
to	O
either	O
the	O
control	O
group	O
or	O
the	O
personalised	O
group	O
using	O
a	O
minimisation	O
algorithm	O
and	O
stratified	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
study	O
site	O
,	O
lung	O
morphology	O
,	O
and	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
C	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
contains	O
a	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
M	O
proteins	O
represent	O
the	O
major	O
protein	B-CHED
component	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
envelope	I-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protective	O
effects	O
of	O
hypericin	B-CHED
against	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
induced	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
and	O
reactive	B-CHED
oxygen	I-CHED
species	I-CHED
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
kidney	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
inhibition	B-PROC
effect	O
of	O
HY	O
on	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
embryo	B-ANAT
kidney	B-ANAT
(	O
CEK	O
)	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
3	O
different	O
experimental	O
designs	O
:	O
pre	O
-	O
treatment	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
prior	O
to	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
,	O
direct	O
treatment	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
pre	O
-	O
treatment	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
prior	O
to	O
cell	B-COMP
infection	B-DISO
were	O
used	O
.	O

Quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
(	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
),	O
immunofluorescence	O
assay	O
(	O
IFA	O
),	O
flow	O
cytometry	O
,	O
and	O
fluorescence	O
microscopy	O
were	O
performed	O
and	O
virus	B-SPEC
titer	O
was	O
determined	O
by	O
TCID50	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dose	O
-	O
response	O
and	O
transmission	O
:	O
the	O
nexus	B-COMP
between	O
reservoir	O
hosts	B-COMP
,	O
environment	O
and	O
recipient	O
hosts	O
.	O

Hsp90	B-CHED
inhibitors	I-CHED
are	O
anticancer	O
compounds	O
,	O
associated	O
with	O
strong	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
endothelium	B-ANAT
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
Bayesian	O
post	O
hoc	O
analysis	O
of	O
this	O
trial	O
and	O
a	O
subsequent	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
together	O
suggested	O
that	O
extracorporeal	O
life	O
support	O
was	O
beneficial	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
very	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
article	O
identifies	O
the	O
optimal	O
target	O
of	O
anticoagulant	B-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
unique	O
case	O
of	O
acute	O
brain	B-DISO
haemorrhage	I-DISO
with	O
left	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
systolic	O
failure	O
requiring	O
ECMO	O
.	O

His	O
cardiac	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
recovered	O
within	O
the	O
next	O
24	O
h	O
revealing	O
the	O
reversibility	O
nature	O
of	O
Takotsubo	B-DISO
cardiomyopathy	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
is	O
a	O
captivating	O
case	O
depicting	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
unfortunate	O
and	O
unpredictable	O
clinical	O
events	O
occurring	O
in	O
a	O
previously	O
well	O
infant	O
,	O
which	O
at	O
initial	O
presentation	O
challenged	O
the	O
managing	O
team	O
with	O
regards	O
to	O
its	O
exact	O
aetiology	O
of	O
acute	O
brain	B-ANAT
injury	O
and	O
acute	O
cardiorespiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

If	O
repeated	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
prolonged	O
or	O
severe	O
complications	O
occur	O
during	O
childhood	O
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
an	O
immunodeficiency	B-DISO
should	O
then	O
be	O
considered	O
.	O

A	O
child	O
can	O
present	O
with	O
4	O
to	O
8	O
episodes	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
within	O
a	O
year	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
5	O
years	O
of	O
its	O
life	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
contrary	O
,	O
our	O
data	O
revealed	O
changes	O
in	O
peripheral	O
cell	B-COMP
populations	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
being	O
the	O
decrease	O
in	O
the	O
T	O
-	O
cluster	O
of	O
differentiation	B-PROC
(	O
CD	O
)	O
8	O

Seventy	O
-	O
eight	O
sera	B-COMP
were	O
positive	O
for	O
antibodies	B-COMP
that	O
recognized	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
S1s	O
whereas	O
1	O
serum	B-COMP
exclusively	O
reacted	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
two	O
sera	B-COMP
exclusively	O
reacted	O
with	O
porcine	B-SPEC
delta	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
PDCoV	O
).	O

We	O
observed	O
antigenic	O
cross	O
-	O
reactivity	O
between	O
S1s	B-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
FCoVs	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
between	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
type	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Primary	O
human	B-SPEC
airway	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
(	O
hAEC	O
)	O
cultures	O
represent	O
a	O
universal	O
platform	O
to	O
propagate	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
characterize	O
their	O
host	B-COMP
interactions	O
in	O
authentic	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
Management	O
and	O
Control	O
with	O
Povidone	B-CHED
Iodine	B-CHED
.	O

Of	O
the	O
total	O
patients	O
,	O
91	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
were	O
transferred	O
from	O
local	O
hospitals	O
with	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
then	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
at	O
the	O
central	O
hospital	O
.	O

Logistic	O
regression	O
revealed	O
that	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
on	O
day	O
3	O
[	O
odds	O
ratio	O
(	O
OR	O
),	O
1	O
.	O
010	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
(	O
CI	O
),	O
1	O
.	O
003	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
017	O
],	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
in	O
a	O
local	O
hospital	O
before	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
central	O
hospital	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
122	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
042	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
210	O
)	O
due	O
to	O
stable	O
condition	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
SOFA	O
score	O
on	O
Day	O
1	O
(	O
OR	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
842	O
;	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
708	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
002	O
)	O
were	O
independent	O
factors	O
in	O
patient	O
survival	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Detection	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
borne	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
Singapore	O
using	O
multiple	O
molecular	O
approaches	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Bats	O
are	O
important	O
reservoirs	O
and	O
vectors	O
in	O
the	O
transmission	O
of	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
we	O
monitored	O
the	O
major	O
roost	O
sites	O
of	O
bats	B-SPEC
in	O
Singapore	O
,	O
and	O
performed	O
surveillance	O
for	O
zoonotic	O
pathogens	O
in	O
these	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
median	O
potential	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
was	O
24	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
interquartile	O
range	O
=	O
11	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
37	O
%)	O
ranging	O
from	O
-	O
2	O
%	O
to	O
76	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
lung	B-ANAT
weight	O
.	O

We	O
observed	O
significant	O
variability	O
in	O
potential	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
requiring	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
high	O
potential	O
for	O
lung	B-ANAT
recruitment	B-DISO
had	O
a	O
shorter	O
ICU	O
stay	O
and	O
shorter	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
duration	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
HKU2	O
-	O
like	O
swine	B-SPEC
enteric	O
alphacoronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SeACoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
cultured	O
cells	O
and	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
SeACoV	O
infectious	B-DISO
clone	O
.	O

That	O
it	O
was	O
usually	O
of	O
no	O
omen	O
on	O
severe	O
autonomic	B-ANAT
nerve	I-ANAT
dysfunction	O
must	O
be	O
successively	O
monitored	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
nutrition	B-PROC
support	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Continuous	O
Positive	O
Airway	B-ANAT
Pressure	O
Use	O
for	O
Obstructive	B-DISO
Sleep	I-DISO
Apnea	I-DISO
in	O
Acute	O
,	O
Traumatic	O
Tetraplegia	B-DISO
.	O

Inpatient	O
rehabilitation	O
units	O
of	O
11	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
injury	O
centers	O
.	O

Autotitrating	O
CPAP	O
for	O
OSA	B-DISO
for	O
3	O
months	O
.	O

Average	O
95th	O
percentile	O
pressure	O
was	O
low	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
3	O
±	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
cmH	B-DISO
Adherence	O
to	O
CPAP	O
after	O
acute	O
,	O
traumatic	O
tetraplegia	B-DISO
is	O
low	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
highlight	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
further	O
investigation	O
of	O
OSA	B-DISO
treatment	O
in	O
acute	O
tetraplegia	B-DISO
.	O

Despite	O
posing	O
a	O
probable	O
risk	O
for	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
,	O
asymptomatic	O
to	O
mild	O
infections	B-DISO
can	O
go	O
unnoticed	O
;	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
seroconversion	O
among	O
some	O
PCR	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
.	O

Independent	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
a	O
confirmed	O
case	O
-	O
patient	O
and	O
sharing	O
a	O
room	O
with	O
a	O
confirmed	O
case	O
-	O
patient	O
;	O
a	O
protective	O
factor	O
was	O
having	O
an	O
air	B-CHED
conditioner	O
in	O
the	O
bedroom	O
.	O

The	O
medical	O
records	O
of	O
infants	O
were	O
reviewed	O
retrospectively	O
and	O
multiple	O
factors	O
that	O
may	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ROP	B-DISO
were	O
collected	O
manually	O
.	O

After	O
conducting	B-PROC
univariate	O
analysis	O
of	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
statistically	O
significant	O
risk	O
factors	O
affecting	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
ROP	B-DISO
in	O
our	O
study	O
were	O
:	O
low	O
gestational	O
age	O
,	O
low	O
birth	B-PROC
weight	O
,	O
type	O
of	O
multiple	B-DISO
gestation	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
affected	O
sibling	O
,	O
low	O
level	O
of	O
Hemoglobin	B-PRGE
at	O
birth	B-PROC
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
low	O
Hemoglobin	B-PRGE
level	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
and	O
days	O
on	O
oxygen	B-CHED
supplements	O
with	O
either	O
mechanical	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
mechanical	O
methods	O
or	O
both	O
combined	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
incidence	O
of	O
ROP	B-DISO
is	O
considered	O
a	O
relatively	O
low	O
percentage	O
compared	O
to	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
that	O
have	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
human	B-PROC
development	B-PROC
index	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
,	O
2017	O
-	O
2018	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Successful	O
establishment	O
of	O
a	O
reverse	O
genetic	O
system	O
for	O
QX	O
-	O
type	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
technical	O
improvement	O
of	O
the	O
rescue	O
procedure	O
.	O

The	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genomic	O
cDNA	O
was	O
transcribed	O
in	O
vitro	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
transcript	O
was	O
transfected	O
into	O
BHK	O
-	O
21	O
/	O
N	O
cells	B-COMP
that	O
could	O
stably	O
express	O
IBV	B-SPEC
N	O
protein	B-CHED
.	O

After	O
only	O
one	O
in	O
ovo	B-SPEC
passage	O
,	O
the	O
recombinant	O
YN	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
rYN	O
)	O
was	O
successfully	O
recovered	O
and	O
confirmed	O
to	O
possess	B-DISO
the	O
introduced	O
silent	O
marker	O
mutation	O
in	O
its	O
genome	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
ORF4a	O
,	O
ORF4b	B-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
ORF8b	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
,	O
alone	O
or	O
in	O
combination	O
,	O
effectively	O
antagonize	O
nuclear	B-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
kappa	I-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
(	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
)	O
activation	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
ORF8b	O
also	O
strongly	O
inhibits	O
Tank	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
(	O
TBK1	B-FUNC
)-	O
mediated	O
induction	O
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

Even	O
though	O
the	O
dengue	B-DISO
prodrome	B-DISO
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
illness	O
are	O
most	O
often	O
similar	O
in	O
many	O
patients	O
,	O
progress	O
and	O
outcome	O
may	O
differ	O
significantly	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
illness	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
treatment	O
instituted	O
.	O

CNS	B-CHED
involvement	O
observed	O
among	O
27	O
%.	O

Serum	B-COMP
lactate	B-CHED
,	O
aspartate	B-PRGE
transaminase	I-PRGE
(	O
AST	B-PRGE
)	O
and	O
alanine	B-PRGE
transaminase	I-PRGE
(	O
ALT	B-FUNC
)	O
were	O
significantly	O
elevated	O
among	O
non	O
survivors	O
.	O

Catastrophic	O
Antiphospholipid	B-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
CAPS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
and	O
rare	O
form	O
of	O
antiphospholipid	B-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
characterised	O
by	O
multiple	O
site	O
thrombosis	B-DISO
involving	O
small	O
,	O
medium	O
and	O
large	O
blood	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
occurring	O
over	O
a	O
short	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
(	O
usually	O
1	O
week	O
)	O
causing	O
multiorgan	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characteristics	O
of	O
flavonoids	B-CHED
as	O
potent	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	B-PRGE
3C	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
protease	I-PRGE
inhibitors	O
.	O

The	O
systematic	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinity	O
of	O
flavonoids	B-CHED
made	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
infer	O
their	O
scaffolds	O
and	O
functional	O
groups	O
required	O
to	O
bind	B-FUNC
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
3CLpro	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
support	O
the	O
view	O
that	O
the	O
national	O
incidence	O
curve	O
of	O
the	O
Ebola	O
epidemic	O
in	O
DRC	B-PRGE
follows	O
a	O
stable	O
incidence	O
pattern	O
with	O
periodic	O
behavior	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
decomposed	O
into	O
overlapping	O
sub	O
-	O
epidemics	O
.	O

Also	O
,	O
the	O
DRS	B-DISO
approach	O
,	O
which	O
circumvents	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
and	O
amplification	B-DISO
of	O
RNA	O
,	O
allowed	O
us	O
to	O
detect	O
methylation	B-PROC
sites	O
in	O
viral	O
RNAs	O
.	O

Eleven	O
published	O
papers	O
were	O
found	O
that	O
considered	O
macronutrient	B-CHED
use	O
in	O
enteral	O
and	O
parenteral	O
nutrition	B-PROC
therapies	O
among	O
9	O
different	O
burn	O
patient	O
samples	O
.	O

The	O
evidence	O
available	O
to	O
date	O
supports	O
the	O
clinical	O
use	O
of	O
nutrition	B-PROC
support	O
providing	O
≤	O
15	O
%	O
fat	O
and	O
≥	O
60	O
%	O
carbohydrate	B-CHED
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
burn	O
patients	O
.	O

A	O
12	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
Thai	O
girl	O
presented	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
bacterial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
spite	O
of	O
a	O
bedside	O
abdominocentesis	O
,	O
her	O
abdomen	B-ANAT
was	O
still	O
tense	B-DISO
and	O
her	O
hemodynamics	B-PROC
was	O
unstable	O
.	O

There	O
was	O
no	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
perforation	I-DISO
.	O

Severity	O
of	O
AKI	B-PRGE
and	O
use	O
of	O
RRT	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
isolates	O
from	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
Brazil	O
:	O
insights	O
into	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
phylogeny	O
inferred	O
from	O
the	O
7b	O
gene	O
.	O

Current	O
treatment	O
remains	O
primarily	O
supportive	O
with	O
lung	B-ANAT
-	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
survivors	O
tend	O
to	O
have	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
and	O
potentially	O
permanent	O
neuromuscular	O
,	O
cognitive	O
,	O
and	O
psychological	O
symptoms	O
,	O
affecting	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
quality	O
of	O
life	O
posthospitalization	O
.	O

Of	O
note	O
,	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
levels	O
were	O
significantly	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
by	O
ORF8b	O
and	O
co	O
-	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
ORF4a	B-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
ORF4b	I-PRGE
.	O

These	O
novel	O
findings	O
will	O
facilitate	O
elucidation	O
of	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
encoded	O
evasion	O
strategies	O
,	O
thus	O
helping	O
design	O
rationale	O
antiviral	B-CHED
countermeasures	O
against	O
deadly	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ECCO	O
Based	O
on	O
a	O
registry	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
low	O
rate	O
of	O
ECCO	O
ClinicalTrials	O
.	O
gov	O
:	O
Identifier	O
:	O
NCT02965079	O
retrospectively	O
registered	O
https	O
://	O
clinicaltrials	O
.	O
gov	B-PRGE
/	O
ct2	B-PRGE
/	O
show	O
/	O
NCT02965079	O
.	O

To	O
present	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
clinical	O
picture	O
and	O
differences	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogenic	O
CoV	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
diagnostics	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
suspected	O
of	O
having	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
has	O
not	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
last	O
15	O
years	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
has	O
been	O
circulating	O
mainly	O
on	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
since	O
2012	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
neither	O
a	O
specific	O
treatment	O
nor	O
approved	O
vaccines	O
exist	O
for	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
six	O
human	B-SPEC
pathogenic	O
CoVs	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
BCoV	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
their	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
in	O
Uruguayan	O
calves	O
and	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
South	O
America	O
.	O

The	O
potential	O
of	O
the	O
plasmids	O
to	O
inhibit	O
PDCoV	O
replication	O
was	O
evaluated	O
by	O
cytopathic	B-DISO
effect	I-DISO
,	O
virus	B-SPEC
titers	O
,	O
and	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Postoperative	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
.	O

Nosocomial	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
and	O
was	O
not	O
fatal	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
dedicated	O
multiprofessional	O
acute	O
trauma	O
health	O
care	O
(	O
mPATH	O
)	O
team	O
would	O
decrease	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
without	O
adversely	O
impacting	O
outcomes	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
traumatic	O
brain	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
spinal	I-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
injuries	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
time	O
to	O
evaluation	O
by	O
occupational	O
,	O
physical	O
,	O
and	O
speech	B-PROC
therapy	O
was	O
universally	O
decreased	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
median	O
time	O
to	O
evaluation	O
by	O
occupational	O
,	O
physical	O
,	O
and	O
speech	B-PROC
therapy	O
was	O
universally	O
decreased	O
.	O

Higher	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
ratio	O
was	O
a	O
protective	O
factor	O
against	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serum	B-ANAT
Exosomal	O
MicroRNAs	O
Predict	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Events	O
in	O
Patients	O
with	O
Severe	O
Community	O
-	O
Acquired	O
Pneumonia	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
SCAP	B-PRGE
)	O
requiring	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
treatment	O
commonly	O
causes	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
multivariate	O
Cox	O
proportional	O
regression	O
analysis	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
odds	O
ratio	O
of	O
miRNA	O
for	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
prognosis	O
.	O

The	O
combined	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
126	I-PRGE
,	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
27a	I-PRGE
,	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
146a	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
miR	O
-	O
155	O
predicted	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
an	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
curve	O
of	O
0	O
.	O
909	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
815	O
-	O
1	O
).	O

A	O
survey	O
was	O
created	O
to	O
query	O
providers	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ECMO	O
in	O
trauma	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
general	O
management	O
principals	O
related	O
to	O
care	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
with	O
refractory	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Among	O
the	O
8	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
4	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
for	O
1	O
%	O
respiratory	B-DISO
viral	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
increase	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
6	O
to	O
8	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
003	O
),	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
9	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
to	O
14	O
.	O
8	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
metapneumovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
44	O
%,	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
to	O
103	O
.	O
4	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
038	O
)	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
increased	O
number	O
of	O
incident	O
RA	O
.	O

Ambient	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
population	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
number	O
of	O
incident	O
RA	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
women	O
and	O
older	O
patients	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
a	O
novel	O
environmental	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
RA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Blunt	O
chest	B-ANAT
trauma	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
injuries	O
in	O
multiply	O
injured	O
patients	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
an	O
increased	O
risk	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
ventilator	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
associated	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
VAP	O
).	O

Hypothermia	O
was	O
not	O
identified	O
as	O
an	O
independent	O
predictor	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
VAP	O
.	O

For	O
pigs	B-SPEC
of	O
group	O
III	O
,	O
the	O
RM	O
protocol	O
used	O
was	O
positive	O
end	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
expiratory	I-PROC
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
)	O
of	O
25	O
cmH	B-DISO

The	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
isolated	O
from	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
spleen	B-ANAT
were	O
analyzed	O
for	O
proliferation	O
,	O
cytotoxic	O
activities	O
,	O
and	O
populations	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE

We	O
identified	O
11	O
CoV	O
strains	O
from	O
22	O
individual	O
samples	O
of	O
four	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
.	O

Literature	O
search	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
national	O
and	O
international	O
guidelines	O
for	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
diagnostics	O
,	O
treatment	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
IV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Although	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
IV	O
infections	B-DISO
remains	O
underrecognized	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
leading	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
-	O
associated	O
cause	O
of	O
mortality	O
and	O
morbidity	O
in	O
Europe	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Due	O
to	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
inhibit	O
viral	O
DNA	O
or	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
nucleoside	B-CHED
analogues	I-CHED
have	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
decades	O
as	O
potent	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapeutics	O
.	O

The	O
principal	O
aim	O
of	O
our	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determinate	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
frequency	O
in	O
this	O
cystic	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
young	O
population	O
.	O

RSV	B-SPEC
-	O
related	O
morbidity	O
seems	O
low	O
in	O
this	O
population	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
multicenter	O
RCT	O
of	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
in	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
early	O
mild	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Primary	O
outcome	O
included	O
the	O
numbers	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
intubation	O
criteria	O
.	O

Dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
are	O
the	O
principal	O
reservoir	O
for	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
represent	O
current	O
and	O
emerging	O
threats	O
for	O
many	O
species	O
,	O
including	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

A	O
key	O
step	O
in	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
replication	O
cycle	O
is	O
the	O
fusion	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
host	O
cell	B-COMP
membranes	I-COMP
mediated	O
by	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
S	O
.	O
The	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
within	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
has	O
not	O
been	O
precisely	O
mapped	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
During	O
the	O
last	O
three	O
decades	O
or	O
so	O
,	O
many	O
efforts	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
to	O
study	O
the	O
protein	B-PROC
cleavage	I-PROC
sites	O
by	O
some	O
disease	O
-	O
causing	O
enzyme	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
HIV	B-DISO
(	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
)	O
protease	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
main	O
proteinase	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
threats	O
to	O
the	O
healthcare	O
systems	O
in	O
some	O
countries	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
Arabian	O
Peninsula	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
animals	B-SPEC
,	O
especially	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
play	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
the	O
transmission	O
and	O
sustainability	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
through	O
aerosols	O
of	O
infected	O
patients	O
into	O
the	O
environment	O
.	O

Human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
is	O
well	O
documented	O
through	O
contact	O
with	O
an	O
active	O
infected	O
patient	O
or	O
some	O
silently	O
infected	O
persons	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
significant	O
risk	O
factors	O
of	O
individuals	O
in	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
a	O
positive	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
patient	O
,	O
including	O
sleeping	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
same	O
patient	O
room	O
,	O
removing	O
patient	O
waste	O
(	O
urine	B-ANAT
,	O
stool	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
sputum	B-ANAT
),	O
and	O
touching	O
respiratory	O
secretions	B-ANAT
from	O
the	O
index	O
case	O
.	O

Identification	O
of	O
the	O
exact	O
mechanism	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
searching	O
for	O
new	O
reservoir	O
/	O
s	O
are	O
of	O
high	O
priority	O
.	O

This	O
will	O
reduce	O
the	O
shedding	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
into	O
the	O
environment	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
can	O
be	O
mitigated	O
.	O

Our	O
study	O
sheds	O
light	O
on	O
bat	B-ENZY
adaptive	O
immunity	B-PROC
and	O
may	O
benefit	O
future	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
against	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
borne	O
viruses	B-SPEC
of	O
high	O
impact	O
on	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
association	O
between	O
myocardial	B-DISO
calcification	I-DISO
and	O
tumor	B-DISO
lysis	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
has	O
not	O
been	O
reported	O
to	O
date	O
.	O

5	O
days	O
ago	O
,	O
an	O
illicit	O
silicone	B-CHED
injection	O
was	O
performed	O
into	O
the	O
penis	B-ANAT
for	O
cosmetic	B-CHED
reasons	O
.	O

The	O
diagnostic	O
potentials	O
of	O
specific	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
accessory	O
and	O
nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
if	O
any	O
,	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
been	O
investigated	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
determine	O
and	O
compare	O
which	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
proteins	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
useful	O
as	O
diagnostic	O
antigens	B-CHED
,	O
whole	O
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
WV	O
)	O
particles	O
and	O
a	O
panel	O
of	O
structural	O
and	O
nonstructural	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
proteins	B-CHED
[	O
spike	O
subunit	O
1	O
(	O
S1	O
),	O
the	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
terminal	I-PRGE
part	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
ORF3	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
ORF3C	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
envelope	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
E	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
nonstructural	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
1	I-PRGE
(	O
Nsp1	B-PRGE
),	O
Nsp2	B-PRGE
,	O
Ac	O
(	O
acidic	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
Nsp3	I-PRGE
),	O
and	O
ADRP	B-PRGE
(	O
ADP	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
ribose	B-CHED
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
monophosphatase	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	O
Nsp3	B-PRGE
),	O
expressed	B-PROC
individually	O
in	O
bacterial	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
]	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
reactivity	O
with	O
sera	B-COMP
from	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
pigs	B-SPEC
by	O
ELISA	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
western	O
blot	O
analysis	O
.	O

Stress	O
granules	O
(	O
SGs	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
sites	O
of	O
mRNA	B-CHED
storage	B-PROC
that	O
are	O
formed	O
under	O
various	O
stress	O
conditions	O
including	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Taken	O
together	O
,	O
our	O
results	O
suggest	O
that	O
G3BP1	B-PRGE
plays	O
an	O
antiviral	B-CHED
role	O
and	O
impairs	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Peptides	B-CHED
with	O
16R	O
in	O
S2	O
protein	B-CHED
showed	O
broad	O
reactions	O
with	O
sera	B-COMP
against	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Vaccination	O
plays	O
a	O
vital	O
role	O
in	O
controlling	O
diseases	O
caused	O
by	O
chicken	B-SPEC
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

S2	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
is	O
an	O
invariant	O
that	O
harbors	O
broad	O
neutralizing	O
epitopes	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
key	O
amino	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
that	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
broad	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
spectrum	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
.	O

S2	O
-	O
derived	O
peptides	B-CHED
with	O
16R	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
those	O
with	O
16	O
K	O
,	O
could	O
react	O
with	O
sera	B-COMP
against	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
IBVs	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
who	O
received	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
support	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

Using	O
fecal	B-ANAT
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
five	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
between	O
2014	O
and	O
2016	O
in	O
Finland	O
and	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
,	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
,	O
and	O
NGS	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
CoVs	O
in	O
10	O
of	O
79	O
(	O
13	O
%)	O
samples	O
,	O
including	O
two	O
novel	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
-	O
CoV	O
relationships	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
such	O
as	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
are	O
often	O
accompanied	O
by	O
mild	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
limiting	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
.	O

Immunohistochemistry	O
(	O
IHC	O
)	O
results	O
indicated	O
a	O
wide	O
distribution	O
of	O
IAV	O
'	O
s	O
positive	O
signals	O
in	O
the	O
liver	B-ANAT
of	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Western	O
medicine	O
is	O
routinely	O
used	O
in	O
developed	O
nations	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
Eastern	O
countries	O
,	O
where	O
traditional	O
medicine	B-CHED
is	O
frequently	O
used	O
by	O
a	O
selection	O
of	O
patients	O
or	O
family	B-SPEC
member	O
as	O
a	O
complement	O
to	O
mainstream	O
Western	O
medicine	B-CHED
.	O

Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
has	O
a	O
holistic	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
emphasizes	O
individualization	O
based	O
on	O
body	B-PROC
balance	B-CHED
and	O
mind	O
-	O
body	B-ANAT
interaction	O
and	O
employs	O
herbal	O
medicines	O
and	O
acupuncture	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
great	O
economic	O
loss	O
to	O
swine	B-SPEC
industry	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Beyond	O
antimicrobial	B-CHED
treatment	O
,	O
no	O
targeted	B-PROC
molecular	O
therapies	O
have	O
yet	O
proven	O
effective	O
,	O
highlighting	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
additional	O
research	O
.	O

Despite	O
some	O
limitations	O
,	O
small	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
mechanistic	O
insights	O
they	O
produce	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
continue	O
to	O
play	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
generating	O
new	O
therapeutic	O
targets	O
.	O

Oxidative	B-DISO
stress	I-DISO
acts	O
directly	O
on	O
the	O
maintenance	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
inducing	O
DNA	B-DISO
damages	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
successfully	O
managed	O
the	O
patient	O
with	O
methylprednisolone	O
and	O
bilevel	O
positive	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
ventilation	O
and	O
the	O
patient	O
was	O
discharged	O
in	O
stable	O
condition	B-DISO
on	O
day	O
6	O
.	O

Management	O
of	O
ACS	B-FUNC
is	O
complex	O
and	O
may	O
necessitate	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
and	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
)	O
therapy	O
in	O
the	O
more	O
severe	O
cases	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
have	O
caused	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
deadly	O
pneumonia	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
.	O

No	O
specific	O
treatments	O
or	O
vaccines	O
have	O
been	O
approved	O
against	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
six	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
,	O
highlighting	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
principles	O
governing	O
viral	O
entry	O
and	O
cross	O
-	O
species	B-SPEC
transmission	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
zoonotic	O
outbreaks	O
which	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
occur	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
large	O
reservoir	O
of	O
CoVs	O
found	O
in	O
mammals	O
and	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
,	O
an	O
emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
a	O
global	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
35	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
caused	O
major	O
outbreaks	O
first	O
in	O
2012	O
and	O
2015	O
,	O
though	O
new	O
cases	O
are	O
continuously	O
reported	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
biotinylated	O
nanobody	O
-	O
based	O
blocking	B-DISO
ELISA	O
for	O
the	O
rapid	O
and	O
sensitive	O
clinical	O
detection	O
of	O
porcine	O
epidemic	O
diarrhea	O
virus	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
current	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
for	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
are	O
time	O
-	O
consuming	O
and	O
very	O
expensive	O
and	O
rarely	O
meet	O
the	O
requirements	O
for	O
clinical	O
application	O
.	O

A	O
novel	O
bELISA	O
was	O
subsequently	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
with	O
biotinylated	O
Nb2	B-PRGE
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Using	O
phage	O
display	O
technology	O
and	O
periplasmic	B-COMP
extraction	O
ELISA	O
(	O
PE	O
-	O
ELISA	O
),	O
anti	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PEDV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
nanobodies	I-PRGE
from	O
three	O
strains	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
were	O
successfully	O
isolated	O
after	O
three	O
consecutive	O
rounds	O
of	O
bio	O
-	O
panning	O
from	O
a	O
high	O
quality	O
phage	O
display	O
VHH	O
library	O
.	O

In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
several	O
investigators	O
developed	O
protective	O
antibodies	B-COMP
which	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
prophylaxis	O
in	O
prospective	O
human	B-SPEC
epidemics	O
.	O

Five	O
mAbs	O
lacked	O
immunoreactivity	B-PROC
for	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
on	O
FFPE	O
tissue	B-ANAT
,	O
even	O
though	O
they	O
belong	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
epitope	B-CHED
group	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
form	O
of	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
reduced	O
lung	B-PROC
compliance	I-PROC
and	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
2017	O
-	O
2018	O
influenza	B-DISO
season	O
in	O
Southern	O
Italy	O
and	O
the	O
molecular	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
circulating	O
viral	O
strains	O
.	O

At	O
least	O
one	O
pathogen	O
was	O
molecularly	O
detected	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
at	O
63	O
(	O
61	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
exhibitions	O
.	O

Three	O
months	O
later	O
the	O
cat	B-SPEC
was	O
returned	O
having	O
developed	O
ataxia	B-DISO
and	O
paraparesis	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
then	O
progressed	O
over	O
2	O
months	O
to	O
tetraparesis	B-DISO
,	O
tail	O
plegia	O
,	O
urinary	O
and	O
fecal	B-DISO
incontinence	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
titubation	B-DISO
.	O

Molecular	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
within	O
the	O
tissues	B-ANAT
identified	O
a	O
specific	O
,	O
functionally	O
relevant	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
change	O
(	O
R793M	O
),	O
which	O
was	O
only	O
identified	O
in	O
tissues	B-ANAT
associated	O
with	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
(	O
ie	O
,	O
brain	B-ANAT
and	I-ANAT
spinal	I-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
).	O

This	O
case	O
report	O
describes	O
an	O
early	O
presentation	O
of	O
a	O
cat	B-SPEC
with	O
primarily	O
neurologic	O
FIP	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
molecular	O
characterization	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
within	O
various	O
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Breath	B-ANAT
Close	O
To	O
Death	B-PROC
:	O
A	O
Case	O
Report	O
Of	O
Idiosyncratic	O
Reaction	O
To	O
Welding	O
Fumes	O
.	O

He	O
was	O
treated	O
as	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
secondary	O
to	O
exposure	O
to	O
welding	O
metal	B-CHED
fumes	O
in	O
a	O
closed	O
container	O
.	O

In	O
view	O
of	O
its	O
unique	O
physic	O
-	O
chemical	O
and	O
biological	O
properties	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
privileged	O
scaffold	O
in	O
the	O
anti	O
-	O
cancer	B-DISO
agents	O
design	O
.	O

Patients	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
H275Y	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
had	O
higher	O
day	O
-	O
28	O
mortality	O
than	O
others	O
(	O
80	O
%	O
vs	O
12	O
%;	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Screening	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
angiogram	O
and	O
the	O
effect	O
on	O
anticoagulation	B-PROC
strategies	O
in	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
patients	O
on	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
quantitative	O
approach	O
for	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
clinician	O
recognition	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
using	O
electronic	O
health	O
record	O
data	O
.	O

The	O
recognition	O
model	O
yielded	O
a	O
mean	O
(	O
99	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
)	O
physician	O
recognition	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
of	O
22	O
%	O
(	O
9	O
%-	O
42	O
%)	O
for	O
mild	O
,	O
34	O
%	O
(	O
19	O
%-	O
49	O
%)	O
for	O
moderate	O
,	O
and	O
67	O
%	O
(	O
41	O
%-	O
100	O
%)	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Right	B-DISO
Ventricular	I-DISO
Hypertrophy	I-DISO
in	O
Refractory	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Treated	O
With	O
Venovenous	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	O
Oxygenation	B-PROC
Support	O
.	O

,	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
global	O
concern	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
of	O
individuals	O
infected	O
with	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
phage	O
display	O
to	O
develop	O
novel	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
mAbs	O
)	O
that	O
target	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
A	O
human	B-SPEC
Fab	O
phage	O
display	O
library	O
was	O
panned	O
against	O
the	O
S2	O
subunit	O
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S2P	I-PRGE
),	O
yielding	O
three	O
unique	O
Fabs	O
(	O
S2A3	O
,	O
S2A6	O
,	O
and	O
S2D5	O
).	O

Confocal	O
microscopy	O
and	O
subcellular	O
fractionation	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
NS7	B-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
was	O
extensively	O
distributed	O
in	O
the	O
mitochondria	B-COMP
.	O

These	O
proteomic	O
data	O
will	O
provide	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
specific	O
cellular	B-COMP
responses	O
to	O
the	O
accessory	O
protein	B-CHED
during	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
zoonotic	O
disease	O
transmitted	B-DISO
from	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
to	O
people	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
result	O
in	O
outbreaks	O
with	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

Epidemiological	O
studies	O
identified	O
diabetes	B-DISO
as	O
the	O
primary	O
comorbidity	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
or	O
lethal	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Upon	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
diabetic	O
mice	B-SPEC
had	O
a	O
prolonged	O
phase	O
of	O
severe	O
disease	O
and	O
delayed	O
recovery	O
that	O
was	O
independent	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
titers	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ribonuclease	B-ENZY
H	I-ENZY
,	O
an	O
unexploited	O
target	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
intervention	O
against	O
HIV	B-DISO
and	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
B	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

During	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
,	O
the	O
RNase	B-FUNC
H	I-FUNC
activity	I-FUNC
of	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
(	O
HIV	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HBV	B-DISO
)	O
degrades	O
the	O
viral	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
synthesis	B-PROC
of	O
viral	O
double	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
stranded	I-CHED
DNA	I-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
efficacy	O
of	O
ustekinumab	O
,	O
an	O
antagonist	O
of	O
the	O
p40	B-PRGE
subunit	I-PRGE
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
12	I-PRGE
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
23	I-PRGE
,	O
as	O
induction	O
and	O
maintenance	O
therapy	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
ulcerative	B-DISO
colitis	I-DISO
is	O
unknown	O
.	O

Among	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
a	O
response	O
to	O
induction	O
therapy	O
with	O
ustekinumab	O
and	O
underwent	O
a	O
second	O
randomization	O
,	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
had	O
clinical	O
remission	B-DISO
at	O
week	O
44	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
among	O
patients	O
assigned	O
to	O
90	O
mg	O
of	O
subcutaneous	O
ustekinumab	O
every	O
12	O
weeks	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
or	O
every	O
8	O
weeks	O
(	O
43	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
than	O
among	O
those	O
assigned	O
to	O
placebo	O
(	O
24	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
(	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
002	O
and	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structural	O
Definition	O
of	O
a	O
Neutralization	O
-	O
Sensitive	O
Epitope	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
S1	O
-	O
NTD	O
.	O

Risk	O
analysis	O
is	O
the	O
tool	O
that	O
allows	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
the	O
factors	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
introduction	O
and	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Records	O
from	O
a	O
commercial	O
diagnostic	O
laboratory	O
using	O
faecal	B-ANAT
PCR	O
testing	O
between	O
July	O
2014	O
and	O
August	O
2015	O
were	O
reviewed	O
.	O

(	O
1	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
Campylobacter	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
partial	O
N	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
newly	O
identified	O
δ	O
-	O
CoV	O
strains	O
were	O
most	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
HKU20	O
(	O
wigeon	O
)	O
strain	O
.	O

Further	O
studies	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
aquatic	O
bird	B-SPEC
δ	O
-	O
CoVs	O
in	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
δ	O
-	O
CoVs	O
in	O
swine	B-SPEC
and	O
terrestrial	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
studies	O
of	O
MERS	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
and	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
animals	B-SPEC
showed	O
that	O
robust	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
intensive	O
proinflammatory	O
response	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
contribute	O
to	O
high	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
We	O
sought	O
to	O
identify	O
pattern	B-PRGE
recognition	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
PRR	B-PRGE
)	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathway	I-PROC
(	O
s	O
)	O
that	O
mediates	O
the	O
inflammatory	O
cascade	O
in	O
human	B-SPEC
macrophages	B-ANAT
upon	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
cytokine	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
chemokine	O
induction	O
was	O
significantly	O
attenuated	O
by	O
siRNA	O
depletion	O
of	O
retinoic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
-	O
inducible	O
-	O
I	O
-	O
like	O
receptors	O
(	O
RLR	B-PRGE
)	O
or	O
adaptor	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
RLR	B-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
also	O
contributed	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
induced	O
proinflammatory	O
response	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
convergence	O
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
our	O
shared	O
environment	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
dynamic	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
health	O
of	O
each	O
group	O
is	O
inextricably	O
linked	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
the	O
public	O
health	O
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
health	O
and	O
environment	O
sectors	O
can	O
improve	O
disease	O
mitigation	O
measures	O
,	O
develop	O
stronger	O
and	O
more	O
stable	O
public	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
health	O
services	O
,	O
promote	O
effective	O
national	O
communication	O
strategies	O
and	O
improve	O
One	O
Health	O
collaboration	O
among	O
all	O
relevant	O
sectors	O
.	O

Egypt	O
'	O
s	O
platform	O
will	O
involve	O
all	O
sectors	O
concerned	O
with	O
HPAI	B-FUNC
control	O
and	O
combine	O
all	O
stakeholders	O
in	O
an	O
integrated	O
,	O
holistic	O
approach	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
,	O
response	O
to	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
any	O
threats	O
at	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
animal	B-SPEC
-	O
environment	O
interface	O
in	O
Egypt	O
.	O

A	O
systematic	O
literature	O
search	O
provided	O
no	O
conclusive	O
evidence	O
of	O
any	O
pharmacologic	O
intervention	O
that	O
has	O
consistently	O
reduced	O
mortality	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

In	O
6	O
out	O
of	O
10	O
patients	O
a	O
history	O
suggestive	O
for	O
PVL	O
-	O
SA	O
colonization	O
in	O
the	O
patient	O
or	O
close	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
before	O
hospital	O
admission	O
was	O
identified	O
.	O

PROSPERO	B-SPEC
CRD42019139467	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
devastating	O
,	O
fatal	O
disease	O
of	O
domestic	O
cats	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
pathogenic	O
mutant	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
derived	O
from	O
the	O
ubiquitous	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FECV	B-SPEC
).	O

We	O
investigated	O
the	O
mucosal	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
response	I-PROC
against	O
FECV	B-SPEC
in	O
an	O
endemically	O
infected	O
breeding	B-PROC
colony	O
over	O
a	O
seven	O
-	O
month	O
period	O
.	O

A	O
shift	O
toward	O
an	O
inflammatory	O
state	O
in	O
the	O
mucosa	O
was	O
suggested	O
by	O
increased	O
IL17	B-PRGE
:	O
FoxP3	O
expression	B-PROC
.	O

However	O
,	O
no	O
histologic	O
abnormalities	O
were	O
observed	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
shifts	O
in	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
subpopulation	O
phenotype	O
or	O
proliferation	B-DISO
were	O
noted	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
sought	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
community	O
'	O
s	O
compliance	O
and	O
practice	O
of	O
measures	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
discover	O
their	O
source	O
of	O
health	O
information	O
.	O

Health	O
authorities	O
should	O
seize	O
every	O
opportunity	O
to	O
prevent	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
by	O
adopting	O
all	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
to	O
improve	O
public	O
awareness	O
,	O
attitude	O
,	O
and	O
practice	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenicity	O
of	O
a	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
avian	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
bronchitis	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
serious	O
and	O
highly	O
contagious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transcriptome	O
analysis	O
of	O
PK	O
-	O
15	O
cells	B-COMP
in	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
to	O
porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

GHRH	B-PRGE
also	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
inflammatory	O
factor	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
experimental	O
models	O
in	O
oncology	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
bovine	B-SPEC
pulmonary	B-ANAT
arterial	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
GHRH	B-PRGE
and	O
its	O
antagonistic	O
and	O
agonistic	O
analogs	O
in	O
key	O
intracellular	B-COMP
pathways	B-PROC
that	O
regulate	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
permeability	O
.	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
both	O
GHRH	B-PRGE
and	O
GHRH	B-PRGE
agonist	B-CHED
MR409	O
exerted	B-PROC
the	O
opposite	O
effects	O
.	O

Although	O
our	O
study	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
precision	O
to	O
rule	O
out	O
a	O
small	O
,	O
clinically	O
relevant	O
effect	O
,	O
the	O
benefit	O
is	O
insufficient	O
to	O
justify	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
immune	O
plasma	B-ANAT
for	O
treating	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
.	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Allergy	B-DISO
and	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
National	O
Institutes	O
of	O
Health	O
(	O
Bethesda	O
,	O
MD	O
,	O
USA	O
).	O

Our	O
previous	O
study	O
revealed	O
a	O
potential	O
correlation	O
between	O
integrin	B-PRGE
αvβ3	I-PRGE
and	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
no	O
licensed	O
vaccine	O
or	O
drug	O
treatment	O
is	O
available	O
to	O
treat	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
either	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
report	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
measles	B-PATH
with	O
epidemiological	O
link	O
between	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
International	O
Airport	O
(	O
HKIA	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
hospital	O
.	O

Lessons	O
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
measles	B-PATH
outbreaks	O
suggested	O
that	O
an	O
airport	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
strategic	O
epidemic	O
center	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
In	O
total	O
,	O
29	O
HKIA	O
staff	O
of	O
diverse	O
ranks	O
and	O
working	O
locations	O
were	O
infected	O
with	O
measles	B-PATH
within	O
1	O
month	O
.	O

Following	O
generation	O
of	O
RVΔP	O
-	O
MERS	O
/	O
S1	O
and	O
RVΔP	O
,	O
our	O
analysis	O
revealed	O
that	O
they	O
shared	O
similar	O
growth	O
properties	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
S1	O
in	O
RVΔP	O
-	O
MERS	O
/	O
S1	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
confirmed	O
by	O
immunofluorescence	O
and	O
western	O
blot	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
immunogenicity	O
and	O
pathogenicity	O
evaluated	O
using	O
mouse	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
experiments	O
.	O

Diarrhea	O
occurred	O
more	O
significantly	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
0001	O
)	O
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
less	O
than	O
21	O
days	O
old	O
and	O
mainly	O
on	O
those	O
receiving	O
milk	O
through	O
automatic	O
feeders	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Circular	O
RNA	O
CircEZH2	O
Suppresses	O
Transmissible	O
Gastroenteritis	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
Opening	O
of	O
Mitochondrial	O
Permeability	O
Transition	B-DISO
Pore	B-COMP
via	O
Targeting	B-PROC
MiR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
22	I-PRGE
in	O
IPEC	O
-	O
J2	O
.	O

Activation	O
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
factor	O
for	O
mitochondrial	B-DISO
damage	I-DISO
.	O

Inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
increased	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
mPTP	B-CHED
opening	O
.	O

The	O
data	O
revealed	O
that	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
mPTP	B-PRGE
opening	O
was	O
regulated	O
via	O
two	O
pathways	B-PROC
:	O
circEZH2	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
miR	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
22	I-PRGE
/	O
HK2	B-FUNC
axis	B-SPEC
and	O
circEZH2	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
miR	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
22	I-PRGE
/	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
/	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
axis	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
and	O
growth	B-PROC
characterization	O
of	O
novel	O
full	O
length	O
and	O
deletion	O
mutant	B-DISO
human	B-SPEC
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
strains	O
from	O
clinical	O
specimens	O
collected	O
during	O
2015	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
An	O
in	O
vivo	O
cell	B-COMP
-	O
based	O
assay	O
for	O
investigating	O
the	O
specific	O
interaction	O
between	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
and	O
its	O
viral	O
RNA	O
packaging	O
sequence	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	I-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
serves	O
multiple	O
functions	O
in	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
transcription	B-PROC
,	O
and	O
assembly	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-COMP
genome	I-COMP
complex	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
3rd	O
day	O
,	O
GAS	B-PRGE
was	O
isolated	O
from	O
blood	O
culture	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Performance	O
of	O
CURB	B-DISO
-	O
65	O
in	O
predicting	O
mortality	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

The	O
mortality	O
rates	O
for	O
CURB	B-DISO
-	O
65	O
scores	O
0	O
,	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
/	O
5	O
were	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
%,	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
10	O
.	O
2	O
%,	O
14	O
%,	O
and	O
21	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
common	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
Hajj	O
pilgrimage	O
and	O
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
can	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
via	O
contact	O
with	O
contaminated	O
surfaces	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
positive	O
samples	O
,	O
Klebsiella	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
was	O
the	O
bacterium	B-SPEC
most	O
frequently	O
tested	O
positive	O
(	O
57	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
followed	O
by	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
(	O
12	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
(	O
10	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
and	O
Haemophilus	B-SPEC
influenzae	I-SPEC
(	O
7	O
.	O
1	O
%).	O

Moreover	O
,	O
other	O
p200	B-PRGE
family	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
that	O
possess	B-DISO
HIN	O
domain	O
could	O
also	O
inhibit	O
the	O
IRF7	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
type	O
I	O
interferons	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
reveal	O
that	O
,	O
besides	O
the	O
positive	O
regulation	O
function	O
in	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
response	O
at	O
the	O
early	O
stage	O
of	O
DNA	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	O
inducible	O
p200	B-PRGE
family	I-PRGE
proteins	B-CHED
such	O
as	O
IFI204	B-PRGE
could	O
also	O
negatively	O
regulate	O
the	O
IRF7	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferon	I-PRGE
response	O
after	O
RNA	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
to	O
avoid	O
unnecessary	O
host	B-COMP
damage	O
from	O
hyper	O
-	O
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
similar	O
approach	O
could	O
be	O
adopted	O
in	O
other	O
acute	O
conditions	O
with	O
refractory	O
eosinophilic	O
inflammation	B-DISO
where	O
standard	O
steroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
has	O
failed	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
interference	O
phenomenon	O
goes	B-SPEC
against	O
the	O
basic	O
assumption	O
of	O
the	O
test	O
-	O
negative	O
vaccine	O
effectiveness	O
study	O
that	O
vaccination	O
does	O
not	O
change	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
other	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
,	O
thus	O
potentially	O
biasing	O
vaccine	O
effectiveness	O
results	O
in	O
the	O
positive	O
direction	O
.	O

Receipt	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
vaccination	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
virus	B-SPEC
interference	O
among	O
our	O
population	O
.	O

Yet	O
,	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
most	O
other	O
childhood	O
infections	B-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
viral	O
and	O
bacterial	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
prophylactic	O
vaccines	O
or	O
effective	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatments	O
against	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
are	O
either	O
still	O
not	O
available	O
,	O
or	O
provide	O
only	O
limited	O
protection	O
.	O

The	O
affected	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
also	O
impacts	O
subsequent	O
adaptive	O
responses	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
viral	O
innate	O
immune	B-PROC
evasion	I-PROC
often	O
undermines	O
fully	O
protective	O
immunity	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
relevant	O
for	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
an	O
RNA	O
genome	O
will	O
briefly	O
be	O
summarized	O
,	O
and	O
viral	O
innate	O
immune	B-PROC
evasion	I-PROC
based	O
on	O
shielding	O
viral	O
RNA	O
species	B-SPEC
away	O
from	O
cellular	B-COMP
innate	O
immune	O
sensors	O
will	O
be	O
discussed	O
from	O
different	O
angles	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
StatPearls	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Systemic	B-DISO
inflammatory	I-DISO
response	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SIRS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
an	O
exaggerated	O
defense	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
of	O
the	O
body	B-ANAT
to	O
a	O
noxious	O
stressor	O
(	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
trauma	O
,	O
surgery	O
,	O
acute	O
inflammation	B-DISO
,	O
ischemia	B-DISO
or	O
reperfusion	O
,	O
or	O
malignancy	B-DISO
to	O
name	B-SPEC
a	O
few	O
)	O
to	O
localize	O
and	O
then	O
eliminate	O
the	O
endogenous	O
or	O
exogenous	O
source	O
of	O
the	O
insult	O
.	O

In	O
particular	O
,	O
concerns	O
and	O
precautions	O
have	O
increased	O
regarding	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
aerosol	O
-	O
generating	O
medical	O
procedures	O
when	O
treating	O
patients	O
with	O
such	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
spite	O
of	O
increasing	O
associations	O
between	O
aerosol	O
-	O
generating	O
medical	O
procedures	O
and	O
the	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
we	O
still	O
have	O
a	O
poor	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
risks	O
of	O
specific	O
procedures	O
and	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Generation	O
of	O
a	O
Nebulizable	O
CDR	B-PRGE
-	O
Modified	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Neutralizing	O
Human	B-PRGE
Antibody	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
induces	O
severe	O
aggravating	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
infected	O
patients	O
,	O
frequently	O
resulting	O
in	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
equine	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
ECoV	O
)	O
in	O
clinical	O
samples	O
submitted	O
to	O
a	O
diagnostic	O
laboratory	O
in	O
Ireland	O
.	O

Identifying	O
the	O
underlying	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
variability	O
in	O
pathogenicity	O
is	O
a	O
critical	O
task	O
for	O
understanding	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
effective	O
management	O
of	O
highly	O
pathogenic	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
confirmed	O
that	O
this	O
trend	O
persisted	O
in	O
a	O
distinct	O
virus	B-SPEC
:	O

Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
).	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
epidermal	B-PRGE
growth	B-PROC
factor	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
EGFR	B-FUNC
)	O
in	O
influenza	B-DISO
pathogenesis	B-DISO
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
bottleneck	O
regulators	O
with	O
corroborating	O
signals	O
across	O
transcript	O
and	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
data	O
,	O
was	O
tested	O
and	O
validated	O
in	O
additional	O
mouse	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
experiments	O
.	O

The	O
A	O
(	O
H1N1	O
)	O
pdm09	O
genome	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
on	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
specimen	O
swabs	O
prior	O
to	O
administration	O
of	O
IV	O
zanamivir	B-CHED
at	O
a	O
dose	O
of	O
600	O
mg	O
twice	O
daily	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
managed	O
for	O
concomitant	O
multidrug	O
-	O
resistant	O
bacterial	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
resolution	O
confirmed	O
with	O
blood	B-ANAT
cultures	O
.	O

We	O
completed	O
a	O
screen	O
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
Collaborative	O
Cross	O
(	O
CC	O
)	O
that	O
we	O
infected	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
West	B-DISO
Nile	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
critical	O
care	O
setting	O
:	O
Science	O
and	O
clinical	O
evidence	O
.	O

The	O
organisms	O
identified	O
are	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
pdmH1N1	O
(	O
2009	O
),	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
A	O
H3N2	B-CHED
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
B	O
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
boca	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
pneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
and	O
Chlamydia	B-SPEC
.	O

This	O
study	O
characterised	O
CoV	O
strains	O
from	O
dairy	O
cattle	B-SPEC
herds	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Rio	O
de	O
Janeiro	O
,	O
Brazil	O
,	O
and	O
indicated	O
that	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
is	O
spread	O
among	O
the	O
state	O
herds	O
.	O

PHE	B-CHED
'	O
s	O
manual	O
EI	O
process	O
quickly	O
and	O
accurately	O
detected	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
threats	O
at	O
the	O
earliest	O
stages	O
and	O
allowed	O
for	O
monitoring	O
of	O
events	O
as	O
they	O
evolved	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
those	O
treated	O
with	O
PMO	O
experienced	O
a	O
lower	O
lung	B-ANAT
wet	O
/	O
dry	O
ratio	O
and	O
less	O
severe	O
lung	B-ANAT
pathology	B-DISO
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
surprising	O
improvement	O
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
health	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
this	O
study	O
demonstrates	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
PMO	O
to	O
deliver	O
life	O
-	O
sustaining	O
supplemental	O
oxygen	B-CHED
to	O
rats	B-SPEC
suffering	B-DISO
from	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
warrants	O
further	O
work	O
toward	O
clinical	O
translation	B-PROC
.	O

During	O
dacryocystorhinostomy	O
,	O
tissue	B-ANAT
biopsy	B-ANAT
sample	I-ANAT
(	O
2	O
×	O
2	O
mm	O
)	O
was	O
taken	O
from	O
the	O
junction	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
lacrimal	B-ANAT
sac	I-ANAT
and	O
nasolacrimal	B-ANAT
duct	I-ANAT
.	O

Our	O
data	O
indicate	O
that	O
GILT	B-PRGE
is	O
a	O
novel	O
antiviral	B-CHED
ISG	O
that	O
specifically	O
inhibits	O
the	O
entry	O
of	O
selected	O
enveloped	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
lysosomes	B-COMP

On	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
its	O
success	O
in	O
that	O
population	O
,	O
ECMO	O
began	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1970s	O
to	O
treat	O
adult	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Adult	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
often	O
the	O
final	O
common	O
pathway	O
of	O
various	O
pathologies	O
affecting	O
adults	O
and	O
causing	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

ECMO	O
is	O
an	O
increasingly	O
important	O
tool	O
for	O
managing	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
that	O
is	O
refractory	O
to	O
conventional	O
therapies	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Waking	B-PROC
Up	O
Blind	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
:	O
A	O
Case	O
Report	O
of	O
Ischemic	B-DISO
Optic	I-DISO
Neuropathy	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
Burn	O
Patient	O
.	O

These	O
nanostructures	O
showed	O
a	O
concentration	O
-	O
dependent	O
virus	B-SPEC
inactivation	B-DISO
with	O
an	O
estimated	O
EC	O

Among	O
survivors	O
,	O
77	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
of	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
had	O
functional	O
disability	O
at	O
discharge	B-ANAT
versus	O
30	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
without	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
),	O
and	O
only	O
17	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
patients	O
discharged	O
home	O
without	O
ongoing	O
care	O
versus	O
86	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
without	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
adjusted	O
relative	O
risk	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
;	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
).	O

Incidence	O
and	O
mortality	O
associated	O
with	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
following	O
traumatic	O
injury	O
are	O
substantially	O
higher	O
than	O
previously	O
recognized	O
,	O
and	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
development	B-PROC
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
poor	O
outcome	O
even	O
after	O
adjustment	O
for	O
underlying	O
injury	O
type	O
and	O
severity	O
.	O

Viral	B-COMP
nucleocapsid	I-COMP
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
inevitable	O
for	O
genome	O
encapsidation	O
and	O
replication	O
.	O

We	O
present	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
an	O
8	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
girl	O
who	O
developed	O
acute	O
decompensated	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
,	O
respiratory	O
,	O
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failures	I-DISO
because	O
of	O
the	O
occlusion	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
descending	B-ANAT
aorta	I-ANAT
secondary	O
to	O
Takayasu	B-DISO
arteritis	I-DISO
(	O
TA	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
in	O
a	O
domestic	O
longhair	O
cat	B-SPEC
.	O

Immunohistochemistry	O
performed	O
on	O
the	O
myocardium	B-ANAT
revealed	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
associated	O
with	O
pyogranulomatous	O
lesions	O
,	O
justifying	O
a	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
the	O
authors	O
'	O
knowledge	O
,	O
the	O
case	O
described	O
here	O
represents	O
the	O
first	O
published	O
report	O
of	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
myocarditis	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
commercial	O
chicken	B-SPEC
flocks	O
in	O
Pakistan	O
from	O
2014	O
through	O
to	O
2016	O
.	O

We	O
characterized	O
H9	B-PRGE
AIV	I-PRGE
of	O
the	O
G1	O
lineage	O
,	O
genotype	O
VII	O
AAVV	O
-	O
1	O
,	O
GI	O
-	O
13	O
IBV	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
type	B-PRGE
B	I-PRGE
aMPV	I-PRGE
strains	O
with	O
very	O
little	O
genetic	O
variability	O
in	O
the	O
2	O
-	O
year	O
study	O
period	O
.	O

Histopathologically	O
,	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
showed	O
skipping	O
lesion	O
of	O
micro	O
-	O
abscesses	B-DISO
in	O
crypts	O
.	O

The	O
BCoV	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
distribution	O
was	O
prominent	O
within	O
the	O
necrotic	B-PROC
crypts	O
in	O
the	O
jejunum	B-ANAT
and	O
cryptic	O
micro	O
-	O
abscesses	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
colon	B-ANAT
and	O
ileum	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
abstracted	O
data	O
on	O
demography	O
,	O
vital	O
signs	O
,	O
associated	O
conditions	O
presented	O
on	O
admission	O
,	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
chronic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
vital	O
status	O
.	O

All	O
but	O
two	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
Ribavirin	B-CHED
plus	O
Interferon	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
LiverTox	O
:	O
Clinical	O
and	O
Research	O
Information	O
on	O
Drug	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Induced	I-DISO
Liver	I-DISO
Injury	I-DISO
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
opioids	O
are	O
a	O
large	O
class	O
of	O
medications	O
related	O
in	O
structure	O
to	O
the	O
natural	O
plant	B-SPEC
alkaloids	B-CHED
found	O
in	O
opium	O
that	O
are	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
resin	O
of	O
the	O
opium	B-SPEC
poppy	I-SPEC
,	O
Papaver	B-SPEC
somniferum	I-SPEC
.	O

Synthetic	O
derivatives	O
include	O
heroin	B-CHED
,	O
fentanyl	B-CHED
,	O
hydromorphone	B-CHED
,	O
methadone	B-CHED
,	O
buprenorphine	B-CHED
and	O
others	O
.	O

These	O
receptors	O
are	O
found	O
predominantly	O
in	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
,	O
brain	B-ANAT
and	O
spinal	B-ANAT
column	I-ANAT
,	O
but	O
are	O
also	O
present	O
on	O
vascular	B-ANAT
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
gut	B-ANAT
and	O
even	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
.	O

Opioids	O
are	O
rare	O
causes	O
of	O
drug	B-DISO
induced	I-DISO
liver	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
are	O
not	O
mentioned	O
in	O
large	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
clinically	O
apparent	O
liver	B-ANAT
injury	O
caused	O
by	O
medications	O
.	O

In	O
physiological	O
,	O
pain	O
relieving	O
doses	O
,	O
opioids	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
implicated	O
in	O
causing	O
clinically	O
apparent	O
liver	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
acute	O
liver	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	I-DISO
chronic	I-DISO
hepatitis	B-DISO
or	O
vanishing	B-DISO
bile	I-DISO
duct	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
combinations	O
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
for	O
moderate	O
to	O
moderately	O
severe	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
and	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
abuse	B-DISO
.	O

Hydromorphone	B-CHED
.	O

Morphine	B-CHED
.	O

Two	O
third	O
generation	O
penicillins	B-CHED
are	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
:	O
ampicillin	B-CHED
(	O
am	O
""""	O
pi	O
sil	B-DISO
'	O
in	O
)	O
and	O
amoxicillin	B-CHED
(	O
a	O
mox	O
""""	O
i	O
sil	B-DISO
'	O
in	O
).	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
that	O
only	O
a	O
small	O
proportion	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
binding	I-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
positive	O
(	O
RBD	O
)	O
of	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
positive	O
camel	B-SPEC
sera	B-COMP
in	O
Kenya	O
were	O
also	O
seropositive	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
(	O
NP	O
).	O

In	O
contrast	O
,	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
contain	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
bat	B-ENZY
HKU8	O
-	O
related	O
(	O
HKU8r	O
)-	O
CoVs	O
.	O

These	O
findings	O
may	O
indicate	O
co	O
-	O
infection	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
a	O
HKU8r	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Successful	O
Ventilation	O
of	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
Complicated	O
by	O
Pneumothorax	B-DISO
Using	O
Airway	O
Pressure	O
Release	B-PATH
Ventilation	O
:	O
A	O
Case	O
Report	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
respiratory	O
virome	O
and	O
exacerbations	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
229E	I-SPEC
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
structure	O
and	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
.	O

Reported	O
are	O
the	O
X	O
-	O
ray	B-SPEC
crystal	B-ANAT
structures	O
of	O
Class	B-SPEC
III	O
-	O
V	O
RBDs	O
in	O
complex	O
with	O
human	B-PRGE
aminopeptidase	B-ENZY
N	I-ENZY
(	O
hAPN	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
electron	O
cryomicroscopy	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
229E	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
S2	O
Subunit	O
of	O
QX	O
-	O
type	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Bronchitis	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Spike	O
Protein	B-CHED
Is	O
an	O
Essential	O
Determinant	O
of	O
Neurotropism	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Some	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
have	O
an	O
extra	O
furin	B-PRGE
cleavage	B-PROC
site	I-PRGE
(	O
RRKR	O
/	O
S	O
,	O
furin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S2	I-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
site	I-PRGE
)	O
upstream	O
of	O
the	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
plays	O
roles	O
in	O
virion	B-COMP
adsorption	O
and	O
fusion	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
2015	O
,	O
South	O
Korea	O
experienced	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	B-DISO
),	O
and	O
our	O
hospital	O
experienced	O
a	O
nosocomial	O
MERS	B-DISO
infection	B-DISO
.	O

MERS	O
were	O
transmitted	B-DISO
to	O
them	O
indirectly	O
by	O
staff	O
who	O
cared	O
for	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hydrofluoric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
(	O
HF	O
)	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
causes	O
of	O
chemical	O
burns	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
HF	O
burns	O
are	O
often	O
severe	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
involve	O
a	O
small	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
skin	B-ANAT
.	O

A	O
24	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
suffered	B-DISO
from	O
extensive	O
hydrofluoric	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
burns	O
covering	O
60	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	B-ANAT
body	I-ANAT
surface	I-ANAT
area	O
(	O
TBSA	O
),	O
including	O
deep	O
second	O
degree	O
burns	O
on	O
47	O
%	O
and	O
third	O
degree	O
burns	O
on	O
13	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
TBSA	O
,	O
after	O
he	O
fell	O
into	O
a	O
pickling	O
pool	O
containing	O
15	O
%	O
HF	O
.	O

Ventricular	B-DISO
fibrillation	I-DISO
occurred	O
9	O
times	O
within	O
the	O
first	O
2	O
h	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
lowest	O
serum	B-COMP
Ca	O
Extensive	O
HF	O
burns	O
combined	O
with	O
an	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
potentially	O
fatal	O
electrolyte	O
imbalance	O
and	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Adequate	O
and	O
timely	O
calcium	B-CHED
supplementation	O
and	O
ECMO	O
application	O
were	O
the	O
keys	O
to	O
successful	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
patient	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
),	O
emerged	O
from	O
China	O
and	O
rapidly	O
spread	O
worldwide	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Protostemonine	B-CHED
alleviates	O
heat	O
-	O
killed	O
methicillin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
acute	O
lung	O
injury	O
through	O
MAPK	B-FUNC
and	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
signaling	B-PROC
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
PSN	B-PRGE
exhibits	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
effects	O
and	O
alleviates	O
heat	O
-	O
killed	O
methicillin	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
resistant	I-DISO
Staphylococcus	B-SPEC
aureus	I-SPEC
(	O
HKMRSA	O
)-	O
induced	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
LGP2	B-PRGE
plays	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
against	O
duck	B-SPEC
enteritis	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Duck	O
viral	O
enteritis	O
(	O
DEV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
DNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
that	O
leads	O
to	O
heavy	O
economic	O
losses	O
in	O
the	O
commercial	O
duck	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
showed	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
association	O
between	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
and	O
laboratory	B-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
genetics	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
physiology	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
LGP2	B-PRGE
)	O
in	O
antiviral	B-CHED
signaling	B-PROC
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
HEV	B-SPEC
added	O
the	O
percentage	O
of	O
CD4	B-PRGE

Moreover	O
,	O
other	O
factors	O
including	O
hydrophobicity	O
and	O
aromaticity	O
have	O
been	O
also	O
found	O
to	O
influence	O
the	O
codon	O
usage	O
variation	O
among	O
the	O
PEDV	B-PRGE
orf3	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
.	O

Clinicopathological	O
assessment	O
showed	O
that	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
variants	O
caused	O
high	O
fatality	O
rates	O
of	O
67	O
%	O
and	O
20	O
%	O
in	O
one	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
SPF	O
chicks	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
variants	O
possessed	B-DISO
multiorgan	O
tropisms	B-PROC
,	O
including	O
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
proventriculus	B-ANAT
and	O
urogenital	B-ANAT
tissues	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Identification	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
long	O
non	O
-	O
coding	O
RNAs	O
that	O
are	O
involved	O
in	O
inflammatory	O
process	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Long	O
noncoding	O
RNAs	O
(	O
lncRNAs	O
)	O
play	O
important	O
roles	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
biological	B-PROC
process	I-PROC
including	O
inflammation	B-DISO
response	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
whether	O
lncRNAs	O
participate	O
in	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
porcine	B-SPEC
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
IPECs	O
)	O
is	O
largely	O
unknown	O
.	O

Many	O
differentially	O
expressed	B-PROC
lncRNAs	O
act	O
as	O
elements	O
to	O
competitively	O
attach	O
microRNAs	O
(	O
miRNAs	O
)	O
which	O
target	O
to	O
messenger	B-CHED
RNA	I-CHED
(	O
mRNAs	O
)	O
to	O
mediate	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
genes	O
that	O
related	O
to	O
toll	O
-	O
like	O
receptors	O
(	O
TLRs	O
),	O
NOD	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
(	O
NLRs	O
),	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
TNF	B-PRGE
),	O
and	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
(	O
RLRs	O
)	O
pathways	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
parameters	O
including	O
prothrombin	B-PRGE
time	I-PRGE
(	O
PT	O
),	O
hematocrit	O
(	O
HCT	O
),	O
platelet	B-ANAT
(	O
PLT	O
)	O
and	O
blood	O
lactate	B-CHED
(	O
BL	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
4th	O
hour	O
after	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
were	O
recorded	O
.	O

On	O
day	O
7	O
after	O
treatment	O
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
CRP	B-PRGE
and	O
CD8	B-PRGE
EFR	B-PRGE
can	O
effectively	O
eliminate	O
inflammatory	O
factors	O
,	O
improve	O
immune	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
,	O
maintain	O
the	O
stability	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
components	I-ANAT
,	O
reduce	O
the	O
incidences	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
MODS	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
elevate	O
the	O
successful	O
rescue	O
rate	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
SPF	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
incidences	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
MODS	B-DISO
during	O
rescue	O
in	O
EFR	O
group	O
were	O
significantly	O
lower	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
015	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
010	O
respectively	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
successful	O
rescue	O
rate	O
in	O
EFR	O
group	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
in	O
control	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
011	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
serological	O
survey	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
was	O
conducted	O
among	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
and	O
herbivorous	O
animals	B-SPEC
sharing	O
the	O
same	O
pasturage	O
in	O
Ethiopia	O
.	O

During	O
this	O
period	O
,	O
numerous	O
ring	O
-	O
shaped	O
,	O
necrotic	B-PROC
cutaneous	O
lesions	O
rapidly	O
appeared	O
,	O
consistent	O
with	O
ecthyma	B-DISO
gangrenosum	I-DISO
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
type	O
of	O
recombinant	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
expressing	O
the	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
rAd	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
PEDV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
,	O
was	O
generated	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
characteristics	O
were	O
determined	O
.	O

197	O
biopsy	O
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
UMRD	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
172	O
)	O
or	O
CHD	O
(	O
25	O
).	O

(	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
197	O
biopsy	O
samples	O
were	O
collected	O
from	O
dogs	B-SPEC
with	O
UMRD	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
172	O
)	O
or	O
CHD	O
(	O
25	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
summarize	O
the	O
current	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
virulence	B-PROC
-	O
related	O
mutations	O
of	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
and	O
their	O
potential	O
roles	O
in	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
attenuation	O
in	O
vivo	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
some	O
animal	B-SPEC
studies	O
have	O
suggested	O
that	O
inadequate	O
immunization	O
against	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
induces	O
a	O
lung	B-ANAT
eosinophilic	O
immunopathology	B-DISO
upon	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
present	O
study	O
evaluated	O
two	O
kinds	O
of	O
vaccine	O
adjuvants	B-CHED
for	O
use	O
with	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
:	O
gold	B-CHED
nanoparticles	B-CHED
(	O
AuNPs	O
),	O
which	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
function	O
as	O
both	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
carrier	O
and	O
an	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
in	O
immunization	O
;	O
and	O
Toll	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
(	O
TLR	O
)	O
agonists	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
have	O
previously	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
effective	O
adjuvant	B-CHED
in	O
an	O
ultraviolet	O
-	O
inactivated	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
vaccine	O
.	O

The	O
AuNP	B-CHED
-	O
adjuvanted	O
protein	B-CHED
induced	O
a	O
strong	O
IgG	B-PRGE
response	O
but	O
failed	O
to	O
improve	O
vaccine	O
efficacy	O
or	O
to	O
reduce	O
eosinophilic	B-DISO
infiltration	I-DISO
because	O
of	O
highly	B-DISO
allergic	I-DISO
inflammatory	B-DISO
responses	I-DISO
.	O

Males	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
females	O
had	O
a	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
-	O
fold	O
increased	O
chance	O
(	O
adjusted	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
8	O
])	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
related	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
;	O
1	O
.	O
05	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
],	O
1	O
.	O
05	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
]	O
and	O
1	O
.	O
06	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
]	O
for	O
those	O
who	O
had	O
exposure	O
to	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
camel	B-SPEC
milk	O
consumption	O
,	O
and	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
in	O
2012	O
from	O
samples	O
taken	O
from	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
2009	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
now	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
in	O
several	O
countries	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Methadone	B-CHED
associated	O
long	O
term	O
hearing	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
and	O
nephrotoxicity	O
;	O
a	O
case	O
report	O
and	O
literature	O
review	O
.	O

Hearing	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
rarely	O
reported	O
following	O
methadone	B-CHED
use	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
reported	O
,	O
long	O
term	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
is	O
rare	O
.	O

Herein	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
methadone	B-CHED
poisoning	O
with	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
acute	I-DISO
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
persistent	O
hearing	B-DISO
loss	I-DISO
documented	O
by	O
a	O
2	O
year	O
follow	O
up	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infectious	O
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
infects	O
ciliated	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
chicken	B-SPEC
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
while	O
indoleamine	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dioxygenase	I-PRGE
(	O
IDO1	B-PRGE
)	O
drives	O
AhR	B-PRGE
activation	O
in	O
other	O
settings	O
,	O
MHV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
induced	I-DISO
equal	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
downstream	O
genes	O
in	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
(	O
WT	O
)	O
and	O
IDO1	B-PRGE

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
),	O
is	O
an	O
economically	O
important	O
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
with	O
over	O
a	O
90	O
%	O
mortality	O
rate	O
in	O
neonatal	O
piglets	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
emerged	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
in	O
2013	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
severe	O
production	O
losses	O
.	O

Seven	O
patients	O
developed	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
one	O
patient	O
moderate	O
ARDS	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
Berlin	O
classification	O
with	O
a	O
PaO	B-PROC
ECMO	O
is	O
a	O
viable	O
therapy	O
option	O
in	O
burn	O
patients	O
developing	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
can	O
contribute	O
to	O
survival	O
rates	O
similar	O
to	O
ECMO	O
therapy	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
burn	O
-	O
associated	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Molecular	O
detection	O
methods	O
allow	O
for	O
the	O
simultaneous	O
detection	O
of	O
several	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
.	O

Bocavirus	B-SPEC
+	I-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
cases	O
were	O
hospitalized	O
more	O
often	O
than	O
those	O
with	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
alone	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
bocavirus	B-SPEC
alone	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
detection	O
of	O
2	O
viruses	B-SPEC
did	O
not	O
significantly	O
increase	O
hospitalizations	O
compared	O
with	O
single	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
.	O

Since	O
2012	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
2425	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
27	O
countries	O
.	O

Viral	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
whole	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
,	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
plasma	B-ANAT
of	O
infected	O
patients	O
,	O
raising	O
concerns	O
of	O
the	O
safety	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
supplies	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
endemic	O
areas	O
.	O

Spiked	O
units	O
were	O
then	O
treated	O
with	O
amotosalen	O
/	O
UVA	O
to	O
inactivate	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Infectious	B-DISO
and	O
genomic	O
viral	O
titres	O
were	O
quantified	O
by	O
plaque	B-DISO
assay	O
and	O
quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	O
transcription	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
qPCR	O
).	O

Passaging	O
of	O
the	O
inactivated	O
samples	O
in	O
Vero	O
E6	O
showed	O
no	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
even	O
after	O
nine	O
days	O
of	O
incubation	O
and	O
three	O
passages	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Amotosalen	O
and	O
UVA	O
light	O
treatment	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
spiked	O
platelet	B-ANAT
concentrates	O
efficiently	O
and	O
completely	O
inactivated	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infectivity	O
(>	O
4	O
logs	O
),	O
suggesting	O
that	O
such	O
treatment	O
could	O
minimise	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
transfusion	O
-	O
related	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
transmission	O
.	O

ECMO	O
patients	O
were	O
randomly	O
matched	O
to	O
a	O
control	O
group	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
within	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
period	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predictors	O
of	O
Reopening	O
the	O
Sternum	B-ANAT
in	O
Children	O
After	O
Cardiac	B-ANAT
Surgery	O
.	O

We	O
looked	O
for	O
predictors	O
that	O
indicate	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
reopening	O
the	O
sternum	B-ANAT
.	O

All	O
children	O
who	O
required	O
emergent	O
reopening	O
the	O
sternum	B-ANAT
in	O
the	O
pediatric	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
ICU	O
after	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
surgery	O
were	O
grouped	O
as	O
index	O
cases	O
and	O
matched	O
to	O
a	O
control	O
group	O
for	O
age	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
weight	O
,	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
diagnosis	O
,	O
and	O
type	O
of	O
repair	B-PROC
(	O
single	O
vs	O
biventricular	O
).	O

Many	O
conserved	O
cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
and	O
discontinuous	O
and	O
linear	O
B	O
-	O
cell	O
epitopes	O
were	O
predicted	O
for	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
COV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
their	O
antigenicity	O
and	O
interactions	O
with	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
leukocyte	B-ANAT
antigen	B-CHED
(	O
HLA	B-PRGE
)	O
B7	O
allele	O
were	O
estimated	O
.	O

Among	O
T	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
,	O
MHC	B-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
peptide	B-CHED
YKLQPLTFL	I-PRGE
and	O
MHC	B-PRGE
class	B-SPEC
-	I-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
peptide	B-CHED
YCILEPRSG	I-PRGE
were	O
identified	O
as	O
highly	O
antigenic	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
present	O
study	O
identified	O
several	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
COV	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
epitopes	I-PRGE
that	O
are	O
conserved	O
among	O
various	O
isolates	O
from	O
different	O
countries	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
the	O
vaccination	O
reduced	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
and	O
nasal	B-DISO
discharge	B-ANAT
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0059	O
and	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
0274	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
HCoVs	O
)	O
are	O
important	O
pathogens	O
that	O
cause	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
and	O
have	O
neuroinvasive	O
abilities	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
the	O
dynamic	O
infection	B-DISO
process	O
of	O
CoVs	O
in	O
vivo	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
currently	O
no	O
specific	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
to	O
prevent	O
or	O
treat	O
HCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
rOC43	O
-	O
ns2DelRluc	O
was	O
fatal	O
to	O
suckling	O
mice	B-SPEC
after	O
intranasal	O
inoculation	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
viral	O
titers	O
and	O
Rluc	O
expression	B-PROC
were	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
brains	O
and	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cords	I-ANAT
of	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
rOC43	O
-	O
ns2DelRluc	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evolution	B-PROC
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
field	O
after	O
homologous	O
vaccination	O
introduction	O
.	O

Infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
IBV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
widespread	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
whose	O
control	O
relies	O
mainly	O
on	O
extensive	O
vaccine	O
administration	O
.	O

The	O
great	O
plasticity	O
of	O
rapidly	O
-	O
evolving	O
RNA	O
-	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
response	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
intervention	O
,	O
which	O
extends	O
beyond	O
the	O
poultry	O
industry	O
,	O
is	O
demonstrated	O
,	O
claiming	O
further	O
attention	O
due	O
to	O
their	O
relevance	O
for	O
animal	B-SPEC
and	O
especially	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Current	O
status	O
of	O
enterovirus	B-SPEC
D68	O
worldwide	O
and	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Enterovirus	B-SPEC
D68	O
was	O
first	O
identified	O
in	O
1962	O
and	O
caused	O
a	O
worldwide	O
outbreak	O
starting	O
from	O
the	O
North	O
America	O
in	O
2014	O
.	O

Enterovirus	O
D68	O
has	O
been	O
in	O
continuous	O
circulation	B-PROC
among	O
many	O
countries	O
recently	O
,	O
including	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

Nasal	B-ANAT
high	O
-	O
flow	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
was	O
initiated	O
because	O
of	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
he	O
still	O
required	O
high	O
-	O
flow	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
A	O
Rare	O
Complication	B-DISO
of	O
Acute	O
Diarrhae	O
Caused	O
by	O
Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
:	O
Possible	O
Hepatobiliary	B-ANAT
System	I-ANAT
Involvement	O
in	O
a	O
Child	O
without	O
Immunodeficiency	B-DISO
].	O

Patients	O
with	O
normal	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
may	O
have	O
an	O
asymptomatic	O
course	O
or	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
such	O
as	O
acute	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
without	O
blood	B-ANAT
and	O
persistent	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
.	O

Cryptosporidium	B-SPEC
spp	B-ENZY
.	O
may	O
cause	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
mild	O
diarrheal	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
or	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
with	O
high	O
volume	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
accompanied	O
by	O
nausea	B-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
abdominal	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
and	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
following	O
a	O
1	O
-	O
7	O
day	O
incubation	O
period	O
.	O

Diarrhea	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
acute	O
or	O
chronic	O
,	O
transient	O
,	O
intermittent	O
,	O
or	O
continuous	O
;	O
loss	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
fluid	I-DISO
can	O
be	O
up	O
to	O
25	O
L	O
/	O
day	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
would	O
like	O
to	O
emphasize	O
that	O
Cryptosporodium	O
spp	B-ENZY
.	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
in	O
non	O
-	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
and	O
may	O
also	O
involve	O
hepatobiliary	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
involvement	O
.	O

Directly	O
inoculated	O
llamas	B-SPEC
shed	O
virus	B-SPEC
for	O
at	O
least	O
6	O
days	O
and	O
could	O
infect	O
all	O
in	O
-	O
contact	O
naïve	O
animals	B-SPEC
4	O
-	O
5	O
days	O
after	O
exposure	O
.	O

Our	O
data	O
provide	O
further	O
evidence	O
that	O
vaccination	O
of	O
the	O
reservoir	O
host	O
may	O
impede	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
zoonotic	O
transmission	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapid	O
manipulation	O
of	O
the	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
genome	O
by	O
CRISPR	O
/	O
Cas9	O
technology	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNA	O
clone	O
of	O
the	O
highly	O
virulent	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
strain	O
AJ1102	O
was	O
assembled	O
in	O
a	O
bacterial	O
artificial	O
chromosome	B-COMP
(	O
BAC	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Herpes	B-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
optic	B-DISO
neuritis	I-DISO
:	O
Similar	O
to	O
Bell	B-DISO
'	I-DISO
s	I-DISO
palsy	I-DISO
.	O

As	O
compared	O
with	O
controls	O
,	O
DNA	O
from	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
was	O
significantly	O
more	O
frequent	O
in	O
CSF	B-ANAT
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
from	O
cases	O
with	O
ON	O
;	O
VZV	O
and	O
HSV	B-SPEC
-	O
2	O
were	O
found	O
only	O
in	O
CSF	B-ANAT
;	O
EBV	O
was	O
found	O
only	O
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
006	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Murine	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
endemic	B-DISO
typhus	I-DISO
,	O
is	O
a	O
disease	O
resulting	O
from	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
the	O
gram	O
-	O
negative	O
bacillus	B-SPEC

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Miliary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	B-PATH
is	O
a	O
serious	O
and	O
uncommon	O
form	O
of	O
tuberculosis	B-PATH
due	O
to	O
hematogenous	O
dissemination	O
of	O
This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
miliary	B-DISO
tuberculosis	I-DISO
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
nonsurvivors	O
,	O
survivors	O
exhibited	O
bigger	O
EVLWI	O
reduction	O
in	O
day	O
2	O
after	O
ARDS	B-DISO
onset	O
(	O
ΔEVLWI2	O
),	O
with	O
no	O
differences	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
timing	O
and	O
other	O
EVLWI	O
variables	O
.	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
determine	O
whether	O
reclassification	O
using	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
metrics	O
24	O
hours	O
after	O
diagnosis	O
could	O
provide	O
prognostic	O
ability	O
for	O
outcomes	O
in	O
PARDS	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Long	O
-	O
term	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
after	O
severe	O
blunt	O
traumatic	B-DISO
lung	I-DISO
injury	O
in	O
a	O
child	O
.	O

Efforts	O
to	O
minimize	O
this	O
injury	O
are	O
typically	O
limited	O
by	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
preserve	O
adequate	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
PARDS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
heterogenous	O
process	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
severe	O
acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

In	O
children	O
with	O
severe	O
PARDS	O
,	O
further	O
research	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
determine	O
if	O
factors	O
other	O
than	O
the	O
haemoglobin	B-CHED
level	O
might	O
guide	O
RBC	B-ANAT
transfusion	O
decision	O
-	O
making	O
by	O
better	O
characterizing	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
low	O
oxygen	B-CHED
delivery	O
(	O
DO	O

The	O
Randomized	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
Sedation	B-DISO
Titration	O
for	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
trial	O
(	O
RESTORE	O
)	O
trial	O
has	O
revealed	O
that	O
a	O
goal	O
directed	O
sedation	B-DISO
protocol	O
does	O
not	O
reduce	O
the	O
duration	O
of	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
children	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
similarities	O
to	O
the	O
human	B-PRGE
toll	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
like	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
intraalveolar	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
to	O
lipopolysaccharide	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
nitric	B-CHED
oxide	I-CHED
make	O
the	O
piglet	O
indispensable	O
in	O
anti	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
research	O
.	O

EMGdi	O
and	O
trans	O
-	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
pressure	O
(∆	O
P	O
In	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
,	O
the	O
static	O
compliance	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
wall	I-ANAT
was	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
after	O
PPV	B-CHED
.	O

For	O
ARDS	O
patients	O
,	O
EMGdi	O
was	O
slightly	O
decreased	O
after	O
prolonged	O
PPV	B-CHED
.	O

Generally	O
,	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
fusion	O
peptide	B-CHED
on	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
is	O
sensitive	O
to	O
the	O
lipid	B-CHED
composition	O
of	O
target	O
membranes	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
time	O
to	O
antibiotic	B-CHED
administration	O
and	O
outcomes	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
and	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
in	O
Japan	O
.	O

The	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
effects	O
of	O
cannabis	B-DISO
oil	O
inhalation	B-PROC
are	O
not	O
well	O
understood	O
.	O

Since	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
(	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
the	O
scale	O
of	O
PHW	O
in	O
China	O
has	O
been	O
continuously	O
expanding	O
,	O
but	O
policymakers	O
and	O
researchers	O
still	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
personnel	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
regional	O
inequality	O
in	O
such	O
distribution	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
clearly	O
suggests	O
that	O
the	O
government	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
municipal	O
government	O
at	O
the	O
provincial	O
level	O
,	O
should	O
increase	O
financial	O
investment	O
in	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
(	O
CDCs	O
)	O
with	O
worse	O
resource	O
allocation	O
in	O
their	O
jurisdiction	O
through	O
various	O
ways	O
of	O
compensation	B-PROC
and	O
incentives	O
,	O
enhance	O
their	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
and	O
improve	O
the	O
salary	O
of	O
personnel	O
in	O
these	O
institutions	O
,	O
to	O
attract	O
more	O
public	O
health	O
professionals	O
to	O
these	O
institutions	O
.	O

Per	O
capita	O
GDP	B-CHED
had	O
a	O
similar	O
effect	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
between	O
-	O
municipality	O
inequality	O
of	O
professionals	O
and	O
within	O
-	O
municipality	O
inequality	O
of	O
field	O
epidemiological	O
investigators	O
.	O

The	O
clinical	O
complications	O
in	O
severe	O
malaria	B-PATH
cases	O
included	O
thrombocytopenia	O
(	O
50	O
.	O
7	O
%),	O
metabolic	B-DISO
acidosis	I-DISO
(	O
30	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
severe	O
anaemia	B-DISO
(	O
26	O
.	O
0	O
%),	O
jaundice	B-DISO
(	O
21	O
.	O
9	O
%),	O
hepatic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
(	O
15	O
.	O
1	O
%),	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
6	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
haematuria	O
(	O
8	O
.	O
2	O
%),	O
hypotension	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
6	O
%),	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
(	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
.	O
4	O
%).	O

Implementing	O
effective	O
surveillance	O
and	O
vector	O
control	O
measures	O
in	O
malaria	B-PATH
hotspot	O
locations	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
and	O
educating	O
people	O
about	O
preventive	O
measures	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
malaria	B-PATH
burden	O
in	O
this	O
endemic	O
region	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Sepsis	B-SPEC
outcomes	O
in	O
solid	O
organ	B-ANAT
transplant	I-ANAT
recipients	O
.	O

Despite	O
higher	O
comorbidities	O
in	O
the	O
SOT	O
group	O
,	O
conditional	O
logistic	O
regression	O
showed	O
that	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
for	O
sepsis	B-DISO
in	O
SOT	O
patients	O
was	O
similar	O
compared	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
SOT	O
patients	O
(	O
odds	O
ratio	O
[	O
OR	O
]	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
14	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
{	O
CI	O
},	O
0	O
.	O
95	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
37	O
],	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
161	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Overall	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
18	O
632	O
admission	O
encounters	O
with	O
a	O
discharge	B-ANAT
diagnosis	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
in	O
14	O
780	O
unique	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
incidence	O
and	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
right	B-DISO
ventricular	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
insufficiency	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
largely	O
investigated	O
.	O

Patients	O
were	O
divided	O
according	O
to	O
treatment	O
:	O
conventional	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
(	O
38	O
patients	O
,	O
38	O
%);	O
interventional	O
lung	B-ANAT
assist	O
(	O
23	O
patients	O
,	O
23	O
%);	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
37	O
patients	O
,	O
37	O
%).	O

In	O
98	O
patients	O
studied	O
,	O
systolic	B-DISO
dysfunction	I-DISO
(	O
tricuspid	O
annular	O
plane	O
systolic	O
excursion	O
<	O
16	O
mm	O
)	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
33	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
while	O
diastolic	O
restrictive	O
pattern	O
was	O
present	O
in	O
64	O
%.	O

A	O
negative	O
correlation	O
was	O
found	O
between	O
tricuspid	O
annular	O
plane	O
systolic	O
excursion	O
and	O
tricuspid	O
annular	O
plane	O
systolic	O
excursion	O
length	O
(	O
Diastolic	O
restrictive	O
pattern	O
is	O
present	O
in	O
a	O
remarkable	O
percentage	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
frequently	O
require	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
care	O
.	O

Dexmedetomidine	O
may	O
prevent	O
ICU	O
delirium	B-DISO
when	O
administered	O
nocturnally	O
at	O
low	O
doses	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
mortality	O
when	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
sedative	B-CHED
early	O
in	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
informing	O
study	O
failed	O
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
prescribed	O
light	O
level	O
of	O
sedation	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
a	O
follow	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
ACURASYS	O
trial	O
,	O
deep	O
sedation	B-DISO
with	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
did	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
improved	O
mortality	O
compared	O
to	O
light	O
sedation	B-DISO
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Sacubitril	O
/	O
valsartan	B-CHED
was	O
added	O
to	O
optimal	O
medical	O
therapy	O
after	O
hemodynamic	B-PROC
stabilization	O
allowing	O
progressive	O
clinical	O
,	O
laboratoristic	O
,	O
and	O
echocardiographic	O
improvement	O
.	O

Both	O
DUB	B-PRGE
and	O
deISG	O
activities	O
are	O
implicated	O
in	O
suppressing	O
innate	B-DISO
immune	I-DISO
responses	I-DISO
;	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
precise	O
role	O
of	O
each	O
activity	O
in	O
this	O
process	O
is	O
still	O
unclear	O
due	O
in	O
part	O
to	O
the	O
difficulties	O
in	O
separating	O
each	O
activity	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
titers	O
and	O
sizes	O
of	O
syncytia	B-ANAT
increased	O
gradually	O
with	O
the	O
cell	B-COMP
passages	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
more	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
predicted	O
three	O
-	O
dimensional	O
structure	O
of	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
between	O
GDS04	O
and	O
P100	B-PRGE
were	O
observed	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
these	O
differences	O
might	O
be	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
PEAV	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pathogenicity	O
of	O
a	O
QX	O
-	O
like	O
strain	O
of	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
effects	O
of	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
3a	O
and	O
3b	O
in	O
chickens	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
findings	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
vaccination	O
trials	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
new	O
live	O
-	O
attenuated	O
vaccine	O
.	O

Slum	O
populations	O
stand	O
out	O
from	O
other	O
settings	O
and	O
may	O
present	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
acute	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
collected	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
from	O
282	O
children	O
aged	O
≤	O
5	O
years	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
ARI	B-CHED
)	O
during	O
2005	O
to	O
2006	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
Brazilian	O
slums	O
.	O

Nonetheless	O
,	O
most	O
epidemiological	O
patterns	O
were	O
similar	O
to	O
other	O
studies	O
globally	O
,	O
suggesting	O
surprising	O
similarities	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
ARI	B-CHED
across	O
highly	O
diverse	O
settings	O
and	O
a	O
complex	O
impact	O
of	O
population	O
characteristics	O
on	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
epidemiology	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Repeated	O
and	O
progressive	O
rhabdomyolysis	B-DISO
due	O
to	O
a	O
novel	O
carnitine	B-PROC
palmitoyltransferase	I-PROC
II	I-PROC
gene	I-PRGE
variant	O
in	O
an	O
adult	O
male	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

High	O
levels	O
of	O
acylcarnitine	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
serum	B-COMP
confirmed	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
CPT	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
deficiency	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Outbreaks	O
of	O
severe	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
with	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
cause	O
global	O
pandemics	O
are	O
increasing	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
a	O
targeted	B-PROC
vaccine	O
or	O
a	O
pathogen	O
-	O
specific	O
antiviral	B-CHED
,	O
broad	O
-	O
spectrum	O
antivirals	B-CHED
would	O
function	O
to	O
limit	O
virus	B-SPEC
spread	O
.	O

If	O
complement	O
regulatory	O
protein	B-CHED
such	O
as	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
CD59	B-PRGE
is	O
underexpressed	O
,	O
MAC	B-COMP
may	O
also	O
cause	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
injury	O
to	O
the	O
innocent	O
bystander	O
endothelial	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
of	O
host	B-COMP
and	O
provokes	O
endotheliopathy	O
that	O
causes	O
inflammation	B-DISO
and	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vascular	B-ANAT
microthrombosis	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
ARDS	O
.	O

Endotheliopathy	O
activates	O
two	O
independent	O
molecular	O
pathways	B-PROC
:	O
inflammatory	O
and	O
microthrombotic	O
.	O

It	O
leads	O
to	O
endotheliopathy	O
-	O
associated	O
vascular	B-ANAT
microthrombotic	O
disease	O
(	O
EA	O
-	O
VMTD	O
),	O
which	O
orchestrates	O
consumptive	O
thrombocytopenia	O
,	O
microangiopathic	B-DISO
hemolytic	I-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
MODS	B-DISO
.	O

Thrombotic	B-DISO
thrombocytopenic	I-DISO
purpura	I-DISO
(	O
TTP	B-DISO
)-	O
like	O
syndrome	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
hematologic	O
phenotype	O
of	O
EA	O
-	O
VMTD	O
.	O

To	O
support	O
and	O
accelerate	O
vaccine	O
development	B-PROC
,	O
CEPI	O
will	O
also	O
support	O
science	O
projects	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
biological	O
standards	O
and	O
assays	O
,	O
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
,	O
epidemiological	O
studies	O
,	O
and	O
diagnostics	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
build	O
capacities	O
for	O
future	O
clinical	O
trials	O
in	O
risk	O
-	O
prone	O
contexts	O
.	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
describe	O
clinical	O
and	O
serological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
children	O
with	O
HBoV	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
to	O
evaluate	O
whether	O
differences	O
occur	O
between	O
HBoV	O
alone	O
and	O
in	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Among	O
the	O
60	O
patients	O
,	O
34	O
were	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
,	O
19	O
wheezing	B-DISO
,	O
3	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
2	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
2	O
whooping	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
.	O

Seven	O
children	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
6	O
%)	O
required	O
admission	O
to	O
the	O
paediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
PICU	B-SPEC
)	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

A	O
cause	O
-	O
effect	O
relationship	O
between	O
HBoV	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
not	O
clear	O
,	O
so	O
further	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
clarify	O
this	O
point	O
.	O

An	O
appropriate	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
requires	O
controlling	O
the	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
through	O
activation	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
defenses	O
,	O
which	O
involves	O
cells	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

High	O
levels	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
or	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lower	O
airways	O
can	O
contribute	O
to	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
total	O
of	O
135	O
infants	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
PICU	B-SPEC
were	O
compared	O
with	O
135	O
randomly	O
selected	O
control	O
infants	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
pediatric	O
unit	O
.	O

We	O
performed	O
retrospective	O
analysis	O
of	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
reported	O
to	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
to	O
27	O
November	O
2018	O
to	O
summarize	O
what	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
asymptomatic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
identified	O
through	O
national	O
surveillance	O
systems	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
20	O
studies	O
in	O
health	O
care	O
settings	O
,	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
worker	O
(	O
HCW	O
)	O
and	O
family	B-SPEC
contacts	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
11	O
documented	O
molecular	O
evidence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
among	O
asymptomatic	O
contacts	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
autoimmune	B-DISO
polyglandular	O
syndromes	B-DISO
(	O
APS	B-DISO
)	O
are	O
rare	O
immune	O
-	O
mediated	O
endocrinopathies	B-DISO
causing	O
destruction	O
of	O
multiple	O
endocrine	B-CHED
and	O
non	O
-	O
endocrine	B-ANAT
organs	I-ANAT
.	O

Emergent	O
medical	O
evaluation	O
revealed	O
severe	O
hypotension	O
(	O
51	O
/	O
30	O
mm	O
/	O
Hg	O
)	O
and	O
profound	O
hypoglycemia	B-DISO
(	O
blood	B-ANAT
glucose	B-CHED
of	O
20	O
-	O
30	O
mg	O
/	O
dl	O
).	O

The	O
implementation	O
of	O
a	O
dedicated	O
protocol	O
in	O
specialized	O
centers	O
and	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
5	O
trained	O
and	O
skilled	O
professionals	O
while	O
moving	B-PROC
the	O
patient	O
in	O
the	O
prone	O
position	O
are	O
recommended	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
similar	O
adverse	O
events	O
.	O

Corticosteroids	B-CHED
were	O
prescribed	O
in	O
20	O
/	O
55	O
(	O
36	O
%).	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
in	O
tropical	O
Australia	O
,	O
prompt	O
ICU	O
support	O
that	O
includes	O
early	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
protective	O
ventilation	O
strategies	O
,	O
conservative	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
,	O
traditional	O
thresholds	O
for	O
RRT	O
initiation	O
and	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
very	O
low	O
case	O
-	O
fatality	O
rate	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
outcome	O
was	O
the	O
proportion	O
of	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
discontinuation	O
or	O
de	O
-	O
escalation	O
in	O
the	O
ED	O
.	O

Infections	B-DISO
are	O
initiated	O
via	O
binding	B-FUNC
of	O
the	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
to	O
sialosides	O
and	O
dipeptidyl	O
-	O
peptidase	O
4	O
(	O
the	O
attachment	O
and	O
entry	O
receptors	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

To	O
understand	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
engagement	O
of	O
sialylated	O
receptors	O
,	O
we	O
determined	O
the	O
cryo	O
-	O
EM	O
structures	O
of	O
S	O
in	O
complex	O
with	O
5	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
acetyl	B-CHED
neuraminic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
5	O
-	O
N	O
-	O
glycolyl	B-CHED
neuraminic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
,	O
sialyl	O
-	O
Lewis	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Anesthesia	B-DISO
Management	O
for	O
a	O
Patient	O
Undergoing	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
Endarterctomy	O
without	O
Cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
Bypass	O
.	O

LUS	O
offers	O
promise	O
as	O
a	O
valuable	O
clinical	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
and	O
acute	O
hypoxic	B-DISO
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Over	O
70	O
%	O
of	O
infected	O
dromedaries	B-SPEC
are	O
found	O
in	O
Africa	O
.	O

LUS	O
in	O
the	O
initial	O
assessment	O
of	O
patients	O
'	O
with	O
ARDS	B-DISO
yielded	O
significant	O
findings	O
in	O
the	O
three	O
clinically	O
designated	O
categories	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Equine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
ECoV	O
)	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
involved	O
in	O
enteric	O
diseases	O
in	O
foals	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
an	O
indirect	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
ELISA	O
)	O
method	O
utilizing	O
ECoV	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
S1	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
was	O
developed	O
in	O
two	O
formats	O
,	O
and	O
further	O
validated	O
by	O
analyzing	O
27	O
paired	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
(	O
acute	O
and	O
convalescent	O
sera	B-COMP
)	O
from	O
horses	B-SPEC
involved	O
in	O
an	O
ECoV	O
outbreak	O
and	O
1084	O
sera	B-COMP
of	O
horses	B-SPEC
with	O
unknown	O
ECoV	O
exposure	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
PDF2180	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
a	O
MERS	O
-	O
like	O
virus	B-SPEC
found	O
in	O
a	O
Ugandan	O
bat	B-ENZY
,	O
could	O
mediate	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
Vero	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
exogenous	O
trypsin	B-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
became	O
a	O
global	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
threat	O
since	O
its	O
first	O
documentation	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
in	O
2012	O
.	O

An	O
efficient	O
vaccine	O
for	O
the	O
prophylaxis	O
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
in	O
hotspots	O
of	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
)	O
is	O
necessary	O
but	O
no	O
commercial	O
vaccines	O
are	O
yet	O
approved	O
.	O

The	O
chimeric	O
bivalent	O
5	O
+	O
3	O
vaccine	O
strain	O
comprises	O
a	O
recombinant	O
PR8	O
-	O
based	O
vaccine	O
,	O
expressing	O
the	O
PB1	B-PRGE
,	O
HA	O
,	O
and	O
chimeric	O
NA	O
of	O
pandemic	O
2009	O
H1N1	O
.	O

Eyes	B-ANAT
may	O
show	O
conjunctival	B-DISO
injection	I-DISO
,	O
abrasions	O
and	O
corrosions	O
.	O

Laryngoscopy	O
should	O
be	O
performed	O
if	O
glottis	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
is	O
suspected	O
.	O

New	O
and	O
promising	O
therapies	O
are	O
in	O
development	B-PROC
.	O

These	O
observations	O
indicate	O
that	O
5	O
is	O
structurally	O
and	O
mechanistically	O
distinct	O
from	O
the	O
published	O
allosteric	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
IN	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
compound	O
5	O
also	O
inhibited	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
function	O
,	O
classifying	O
this	O
molecule	O
as	O
a	O
dual	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
IN	O
and	O
RNase	B-PRGE
H	I-PRGE
inhibitor	B-CHED
able	O
to	O
impair	O
the	O
HIV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
virus	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
low	O
relative	O
humidity	O
(	O
IRR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
956	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
948	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
964	O
)	O
and	O
low	O
wind	B-DISO
speed	O
(	O
IRR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
945	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
912	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
979	O
)	O
were	O
correlated	O
with	O
a	O
lower	O
incidence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
these	O
findings	O
,	O
CTD	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
promising	O
target	O
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
against	O
PDCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

With	O
carefully	O
selected	O
patients	O
,	O
awake	O
ECMO	O
is	O
a	O
feasible	O
and	O
safe	O
strategy	O
for	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
receiving	O
prolonged	O
ECMO	O
support	O
to	O
wait	O
for	O
native	O
lung	B-ANAT
recovery	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Estimation	O
Of	O
Direct	O
Medical	O
Costs	O
Of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
Single	O
-	O
Center	O
Retrospective	O
Chart	O
Review	O
Study	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Attenuated	O
live	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
QX	O
vaccine	O
disseminates	O
slowly	O
to	O
target	O
organs	B-ANAT
distant	O
from	O
the	O
site	O
of	O
inoculation	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
trachea	B-DISO
,	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
and	O
protein	B-PROC
expression	B-PROC
were	O
comparable	O
in	O
both	O
groups	O
.	O

In	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
distal	O
tubular	O
segments	O
,	O
collecting	B-ANAT
ducts	I-ANAT
and	O
ureter	B-ANAT
were	O
positive	O
for	O
viral	B-PRGE
antigen	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
reviewed	O
original	O
research	O
on	O
occupational	O
health	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
animal	B-SPEC
workers	O
published	O
from	O
January	O
1	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
through	O
June	O
30	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
targeted	B-PROC
focus	O
on	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
studies	O
published	O
in	O
these	O
populations	O
.	O

Research	O
on	O
zoonotic	O
MRSA	B-DISO
used	O
whole	O
genome	O
-	O
sequencing	O
technologies	O
to	O
evaluate	O
transmission	O
in	O
Africa	O
and	O
Asia	O
.	O

Swine	B-SPEC
worker	O
exposure	O
to	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
emerging	O
influenza	B-PATH
A	I-PATH
viruses	B-SPEC
was	O
documented	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
basic	O
criterion	O
of	O
patient	O
inclusion	O
was	O
stable	O
respiration	B-PROC
impairment	B-DISO
leading	O
to	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
with	O
PaO	B-PROC
Pancreatitis	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
was	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
36	O
cases	O
(	O
53	O
.	O
7	O
%).	O

Our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
antibody	O
/	O
Fc	B-COMP
-	I-COMP
receptor	I-COMP
complex	I-COMP
functionally	O
mimics	O
viral	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
in	O
mediating	O
viral	O
entry	O
.	O

The	O
Spike	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
plays	O
a	O
significant	O
role	O
in	O
virus	B-SPEC
attachment	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
and	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequences	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Spike	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
were	O
used	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
recombination	O
,	O
genetic	O
diversity	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
relationship	O
with	O
selected	O
sequences	O
from	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
generated	O
information	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
is	O
very	O
valuable	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
design	O
and	O
develop	O
therapeutic	O
compounds	O
and	O
vaccine	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
disease	O
spread	O
in	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
but	O
also	O
globally	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiological	O
study	O
of	O
pediatric	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
in	O
Argentina	B-SPEC
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
a	O
higher	O
mortality	O
were	O
those	O
who	O
were	O
coming	O
from	O
rural	O
areas	O
,	O
had	O
comorbidities	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
admission	O
or	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
cancer	B-DISO
,	O
had	O
shock	O
or	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
were	O
administered	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
corticosteroids	B-CHED
or	O
vasoactive	O
drugs	O
or	O
more	O
than	O
60	O
ml	O
/	O
kg	O
of	O
fluid	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
hour	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
6hours	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
severe	B-DISO
malnutrition	I-DISO
.	O

Downregulation	B-PROC
of	O
miR	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
142a	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
3p	I-PRGE
by	O
an	O
miRNA	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
led	O
to	O
a	O
significant	O
repression	O
of	O
viral	O
proliferation	B-DISO
,	O
implying	O
that	O
it	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
positive	O
regulator	O
of	O
PHEV	O
proliferation	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
then	O
applied	O
it	O
to	O
diagnostic	O
data	O
available	O
for	O
five	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
co	O
-	O
circulating	O
in	O
a	O
major	O
urban	O
population	O
between	O
2005	O
and	O
2013	O
:	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
influenza	B-SPEC
B	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
respiratory	B-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
.	O

Clinicopathological	O
features	O
include	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
vasculitis	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
serositis	B-DISO
,	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
effusions	B-DISO
;	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
indicate	O
a	O
pro	B-CHED
-	O
inflammatory	O
state	O
with	O
cytokine	O
release	B-PATH
.	O

Previously	O
,	O
we	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
encoded	O
ORF8b	O
strongly	O
inhibits	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
-	O
and	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
-	O
mediated	O
induction	O
of	O
the	O
interferon	B-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
(	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
)	O
promoter	O
activities	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
that	O
ORF8b	O
seem	O
to	O
regulate	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
or	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
differentially	O
as	O
protein	B-CHED
levels	O
of	O
MDA5	B-PRGE
were	O
significantly	O
down	O
-	O
regulated	O
while	O
those	O
of	O
RIG	O
-	O
I	O
were	O
largely	O
unperturbed	O
.	O

Unlike	O
human	B-PRGE
dipeptidyl	I-PRGE
peptidase	I-PRGE
4	I-PRGE
(	O
hDPP4	O
),	O
a	O
receptor	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
mouse	B-PRGE
DPP4	I-PRGE
(	O
mDPP4	O
)	O
failed	O
to	O
support	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

As	O
this	O
cytotoxicity	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
attributed	O
to	O
5	O
'-	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
,	O
we	O
designed	O
and	O
synthesized	O
one	O
-	O
carbon	B-CHED
homologated	O
6	O
'-	O
fluorinated	O
-	O
aristeromycin	O
analogues	O
.	O

We	O
determined	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
age	O
-	O
associated	O
patterns	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
undertook	O
phylogeographical	O
and	O
migration	B-PROC
analyses	O
to	O
determine	O
intercountry	O
virus	O
transmission	O
after	O
local	O
lineage	O
establishment	O
.	O

Reproductive	B-PROC
numbers	O
were	O
inferred	O
with	O
Bayesian	O
birth	B-PROC
death	B-PROC
skyline	O
analyses	O
.	O

Between	O
Aug	O
10	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
and	O
May	O
3	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
we	O
collected	O
samples	O
from	O
1196	O
imported	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
of	O
which	O
868	O
originated	O
from	O
Sudan	O
and	O
328	O
from	O
Djibouti	O
,	O
and	O
between	O
May	O
1	O
,	O
and	O
June	O
25	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
we	O
collected	O
samples	O
from	O
472	O
local	O
camels	B-SPEC
,	O
of	O
which	O
189	O
were	O
from	O
Riyadh	O
and	O
283	O
were	O
from	O
Jeddah	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Understanding	O
its	O
burden	O
,	O
as	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
is	O
vital	O
for	O
devising	O
appropriate	O
control	O
strategies	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
investigate	O
a	O
cross	O
-	O
sectional	O
incidence	O
of	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
including	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
CIV	B-SPEC
),	O
parainfluenza	B-DISO
,	O
distemper	B-DISO
(	O
CDV	B-CHED
),	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CRCoV	O
),	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
-	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
herpesvirus	B-SPEC
,	O
in	O
respiratory	O
-	O
diseased	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
analyze	O
the	O
possibly	O
related	O
risk	O
factors	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
severity	O
level	O
was	O
notably	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
infected	O
dogs	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
not	O
to	O
the	O
vaccination	O
status	O
,	O
sex	O
and	O
transmission	O
route	O
.	O

Additionally	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
entire	O
coding	O
sequences	O
for	O
five	O
alphacoronaviruses	O
(	O
representing	O
four	O
putative	O
new	O
species	B-SPEC
),	O
and	O
one	O
novel	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
.	O

Antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
were	O
evaluated	O
in	O
serum	B-COMP
and	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
following	O
S1	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
was	O
only	O
detected	O
by	O
IHC	O
in	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
of	O
the	O
Ad	O
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
S1	O
group	O
at	O
week	O
6	O
from	O
first	O
immunization	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
both	O
lungs	B-ANAT
and	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
of	O
Ad	O
-	O
MERS	O
-	O
S1	O
group	O
by	O
conventional	O
PCR	O
at	O
weeks	O
3	O
and	O
5	O
post	O
-	O
prime	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
suggest	O
that	O
this	O
recombinant	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
vaccine	O
encoding	O
the	O
S1	O
subunit	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
elicits	O
potentially	O
protective	O
antigen	B-CHED
-	O
specific	O
humoral	O
and	O
cellular	B-PROC
immune	I-PROC
responses	I-PROC
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Ambulance	O
dispatches	O
for	O
respiratory	O
syndromes	O
reflect	O
incidence	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
in	O
primary	O
care	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diabetes	B-DISO
Mellitus	I-DISO
,	O
Hypertension	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
Death	B-PROC
among	O
32	O
Patients	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Infection	B-DISO
,	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
generated	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
a	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
infectious	B-DISO
cDNA	O
clone	O
of	O
PDCoV	O
.	O
We	O
further	O
manipulated	O
the	O
infectious	B-DISO
clone	O
by	O
replacing	O
the	O
NS6	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
with	O
a	O
green	B-PRGE
fluorescent	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
GFP	B-CHED
)	O
to	O
generate	O
rPDCoV	O
-	O
ΔNS6	O
-	O
GFP	B-CHED
;	O
likewise	O
,	O
rPDCoV	O
-	O
ΔNS7	O
was	O
constructed	O
by	O
removing	O
the	O
ATG	O
start	O
codons	O
of	O
the	O
NS7	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

Growth	B-PROC
kinetics	O
studies	O
suggest	O
that	O
rPDCoV	O
-	O
ΔNS7	O
could	O
replicate	O
similarly	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
PDCoV	O
,	O
whereas	O
rPDCoV	O
-	O
ΔNS6	O
-	O
GFP	O
exhibited	O
a	O
substantial	O
reduction	O
of	O
viral	O
titer	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
Coronaviruses	O
and	O
Other	O
Respiratory	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
:	O
Underestimated	O
Opportunistic	O
Pathogens	O
of	O
the	O
Central	O
Nervous	O
System	O
?	O

The	O
etiological	O
agent	O
of	O
several	O
neurological	B-DISO
disorders	I-DISO
remains	O
unidentified	O
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
present	O
a	O
global	O
portrait	O
of	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
prevalent	O
or	O
emerging	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
been	O
associated	O
with	O
possible	O
pathogenic	O
processes	O
in	O
CNS	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
with	O
a	O
special	O
emphasis	O
on	O
human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
.	O

Consequently	O
,	O
the	O
obtained	O
results	O
displayed	O
that	O
,	O
5a	O
-	O
d	O
and	O
6d	O
present	O
a	O
leading	O
structure	O
for	O
future	O
drug	O
development	B-PROC
due	O
to	O
its	O
straightforward	O
synthesis	B-PROC
and	O
relevant	O
bioactivity	O
.	O

The	O
protease	B-PRGE
3CL	I-PRGE
(	O
3CL	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
11	I-PRGE
as	O
a	O
response	O
to	O
porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
.	O

Our	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
11	I-FUNC
is	O
a	O
newfound	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
-	O
inducible	O
cytokine	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
production	O
enhances	O
the	O
anti	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
apoptosis	I-PROC
ability	O
of	O
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Pregnant	O
women	O
developed	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
more	O
often	O
than	O
other	O
women	O
in	O
the	O
reproductive	B-PROC
period	O
,	O
but	O
without	O
statistical	O
significance	O
(	O
81	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
65	O
.	O
7	O
%,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
330	O
,	O
OR	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
)	O
2	O
.	O
35	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
47	O
-	O
11	O
.	O
80	O
)).	O

Gestational	O
week	O
of	O
pregnancy	O
,	O
the	O
etiology	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
comorbidity	O
were	O
not	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
risk	O
factors	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
128	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
499	O
and	O
p	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
000	O
,	O
respectively	O
).	O

We	O
selected	O
17	O
porcine	B-SPEC
respiratory	O
pathogens	O
(	O
Actinobacillus	B-SPEC
pleuropneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
Boldetella	O
bronchiseptica	O
,	O
Haemophilus	B-SPEC
parasuis	I-SPEC
,	O
Pasteurella	B-SPEC
multocida	I-SPEC
,	O
Pasteurella	B-SPEC
multocida	I-SPEC
toxin	O
,	O
Streptococcus	B-SPEC
suis	I-SPEC
,	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
hyopneumoniae	I-SPEC
,	O
Mycoplasma	B-SPEC
hyorhinis	I-SPEC
,	O
Mycoplasma	B-DISO
hyosynovie	O
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
circovirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
,	O
pseudorabies	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
cytomegalovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
swine	B-DISO
influenza	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
porcine	B-SPEC
reproductive	B-PROC
and	O
respiratory	O
virus	B-SPEC
US	O
strain	O
,	O
EU	O
strain	O
,	O
porcine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
porcine	B-SPEC
hemagglutinating	O
encephalomyelitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
)	O
as	O
detection	O
targets	O
and	O
designed	O
novel	O
specific	O
primer	O
-	O
probe	O
sets	O
for	O
seven	O
of	O
them	O
.	O

Total	O
RNA	O
was	O
extracted	O
from	O
the	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
plasma	B-ANAT
exosome	O
,	O
and	O
peripheral	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
mononuclear	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
(	O
PBMCs	O
)	O
from	O
65	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
and	O
36	O
healthy	O
controls	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Herpes	B-DISO
simplex	I-DISO
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
reactivation	O
among	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
under	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Herpesviridae	B-SPEC
reactivation	O
among	O
non	O
-	O
immunocompromised	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
impaired	B-DISO
prognosis	O
,	O
especially	O
during	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Herpesviridae	B-SPEC
reactivation	O
is	O
frequent	O
among	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
under	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
and	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
longer	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
During	O
a	O
5	O
-	O
year	O
period	O
,	O
123	O
non	O
-	O
immunocompromised	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
requiring	O
a	O
veno	O
-	O
venous	B-ANAT
ECMO	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

In	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
,	O
HSV	B-SPEC
reactivation	O
remained	O
independently	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
longer	O
duration	O
of	O
MV	O
and	O
hospital	O
length	O
of	O
stay	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Exploration	O
of	O
Chaige	O
Jieji	O
Decoction	O
formula	O
syndromes	B-DISO
based	O
on	O
severe	O
cases	O
of	O
critical	O
care	O
and	O
its	O
application	O
for	O
acute	O
exogenous	O
fever	O
and	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
].	O

However	O
,	O
conventional	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assays	O
require	O
large	O
laboratory	O
instruments	O
,	O
and	O
amplification	B-DISO
takes	O
approximately	O
2	O
h	O
.	O
These	O
are	O
disadvantages	O
for	O
rapid	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

As	O
few	O
as	O
five	O
copies	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
can	O
be	O
detected	O
within	O
20	O
min	O
using	O
the	O
WHO	O
standard	O
assays	O
with	O
similar	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
specificity	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
a	O
conventional	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
PCR	O
instrument	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
LightCyler	O
,	O
enabling	O
timely	O
intervention	O
to	O
control	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
focused	O
on	O
most	O
recent	O
findings	O
in	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
support	O
to	O
achieve	O
lung	B-ANAT
protection	O
and	O
diaphragm	B-ANAT
-	O
protection	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
on	O
relevant	O
monitoring	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
conceivable	O
that	O
they	O
should	O
enable	O
the	O
highest	O
amount	O
of	O
CO2	B-CHED
removal	O
with	O
lowest	O
mechanical	O
power	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
mechanics	O
,	O
gas	B-ENZY
exchange	O
,	O
diaphragm	B-ANAT
electrical	B-PROC
activity	I-PROC
,	O
ultrasound	O
,	O
electrical	B-PROC
impedance	I-PROC
tomography	O
could	O
be	O
integrated	O
into	O
clinical	O
management	O
to	O
define	O
lung	B-ANAT
and	O
diaphragm	B-ANAT
protection	O
and	O
guide	O
personalized	O
ventilation	O
settings	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Preliminary	O
anti	O
-	O
Coxsackie	O
activity	O
of	O
novel	O
1	O
-[	O
4	O
-(	O
5	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
dimethyl	B-CHED
(	O
H	O
)-	O
1H	O
(	O
2H	O
)-	O
benzotriazol	O
-	O
1	O
(	O
2	O
)-	O
yl	O
)	O
phenyl	O
]-	O
3	O
-	O
alkyl	O
(	O
aryl	O
)	O
ureas	B-CHED
.	O

In	O
this	O
retrospective	O
study	O
,	O
all	O
adult	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
medical	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
with	O
H1N1	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
having	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
and	O
requiring	O
prone	O
ventilation	O
as	O
a	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
for	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
were	O
reviewed	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
were	O
considered	O
to	O
turn	O
prone	O
if	O
PaO	B-PROC
Eleven	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
ventilated	O
in	O
prone	O
position	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
China	O
,	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
severe	O
diarrhea	O
caused	O
by	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
occurred	O
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
since	O
late	O
2010	O
.	O

To	O
investigate	O
the	O
prevalence	O
and	O
genetic	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
-	O
associated	O
viruses	B-SPEC
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
2987	O
field	O
diarrheal	O
samples	O
collected	O
from	O
168	O
pig	B-SPEC
farms	O
in	O
five	O
provinces	O
in	O
Southern	O
China	O
during	O
2012	O
-	O
2018	O
were	O
tested	O
.	O

The	O
fusion	O
and	O
genome	O
delivery	O
steps	O
can	O
be	O
completed	O
at	O
variable	O
times	O
and	O
places	O
,	O
either	O
at	O
or	O
near	O
cell	B-COMP
surfaces	O
or	O
deep	O
within	O
endosomes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Crystallization	O
and	O
Structural	O
Determination	O
of	O
the	O
Receptor	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
Binding	I-PRGE
Domain	I-PRGE
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
Spike	I-PRGE
Glycoprotein	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
RNA	O
virus	B-SPEC
encodes	O
a	O
helicase	B-PRGE
essential	O
for	O
viral	O
RNA	O
transcription	O
and	O
replication	O
when	O
the	O
genome	O
size	O
is	O
larger	O
than	O
7	O
kb	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
high	O
-	O
resolution	O
structure	O
of	O
CoV	O
nsp13	O
remained	O
unavailable	O
even	O
until	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
decade	O
after	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
2003	O
,	O
which	O
hindered	O
the	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
drug	O
design	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Mass	O
spectrometry	O
(	O
MS	O
)-	O
based	O
,	O
integrated	O
proteomics	O
,	O
metabolomics	O
,	O
and	O
lipidomics	O
(	O
collectively	O
,	O
multi	O
-	O
omics	O
)	O
studies	O
provide	O
a	O
very	O
detailed	O
snapshot	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
induced	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
following	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
novel	O
prophylactic	O
and	O
therapeutic	O
targets	O
for	O
preventing	O
or	O
lessening	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

Multi	O
-	O
omics	O
studies	O
with	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
are	O
challenging	O
as	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
biosafety	O
level	O
3	O
containment	O
limit	O
the	O
numbers	O
of	O
samples	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
safely	O
managed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
Activation	O
and	O
Inflammatory	O
Activity	O
of	O
Myeloid	B-ANAT
Cells	I-ANAT
During	O
Pathogenic	O
Human	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Innate	O
immune	O
cells	B-COMP
play	O
a	O
vital	O
role	O
in	O
mounting	O
an	O
effective	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
pathogen	O
challenges	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
describes	O
principles	O
,	O
approaches	O
,	O
and	O
resources	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
useful	O
to	O
evaluate	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
lung	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
focusing	O
on	O
MER	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
as	O
the	O
principal	O
example	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Massive	O
air	B-CHED
leak	O
secondary	O
to	O
influenza	B-DISO
B	O
in	O
a	O
7	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
report	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
immediately	O
following	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
an	O
aspirated	B-DISO
foreign	O
body	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
diffuse	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
with	O
many	O
potential	O
etiologies	O
,	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
being	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
cause	O
developing	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
hospital	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Adenovirus	B-SPEC
Type	O
7	O
causing	O
severe	O
lower	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
immunocompetent	O
adults	O
:	O
a	O
comparison	O
of	O
two	O
contrasting	O
cases	O
from	O
an	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
in	O
North	O
West	O
England	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
lower	O
respiratory	O
tract	O
infection	O
caused	O
by	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
is	O
well	O
described	O
in	O
immunocompromised	O
hosts	B-COMP
and	O
can	O
cause	O
significant	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
.	O

An	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
ICU	O
admission	O
due	O
to	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
may	O
be	O
a	O
clue	O
to	O
expect	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
acute	O
flaccid	O
myelitis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
late	B-COMP
endosome	I-COMP
trafficking	B-PROC
inhibitor	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
inhibit	O
type	O
II	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
but	O
it	O
inhibited	O
type	O
I	O
FCoV	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

These	O
phenomena	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
both	O
feline	B-SPEC
cell	B-ANAT
lines	I-ANAT
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
primary	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Psychiatric	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
post	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
admission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Host	B-COMP
AAA	I-PRGE
+	I-PRGE
ATPase	B-ENZY
TER94	I-PRGE
Plays	O
Critical	O
Roles	O
in	O
Building	O
the	O
Baculovirus	B-SPEC
Viral	B-PROC
Replication	I-PROC
Factory	O
and	O
Virion	O
Morphogenesis	B-PROC
.	O

Here	O
we	O
report	O
a	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
-	O
Å	O
cryoelectron	O
microscopy	O
(	O
cryo	O
-	O
EM	O
)	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
serotype	O
I	O
FIPV	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
host	B-COMP
recognition	O
and	O
viral	O
entry	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
epidemiology	O
of	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
among	O
Malaysian	O
Young	O
children	O
with	O
a	O
confirmed	O
respiratory	O
infection	O
during	O
2014	O
-	O
2015	O
.	O

Enterovirus	B-SPEC
/	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
,	O
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
bocavirus	I-SPEC
demonstrated	O
pronounced	O
seasonality	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feline	B-SPEC
Infectious	I-DISO
Peritonitis	I-DISO
Virus	B-SPEC
Nsp5	O
Inhibits	O
Type	B-PROC
I	I-PROC
Interferon	I-PROC
Production	I-PROC
by	O
Cleaving	O
NEMO	O
at	O
Multiple	O
Sites	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	O
infectious	O
peritonitis	O
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
),	O
caused	O
by	O
virulent	O
feline	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
is	O
the	O
leading	O
infectious	B-DISO
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
cats	B-SPEC
.	O

However	O
,	O
whether	O
feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	O
)	O
antagonizes	O
the	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

Subsequently	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
structural	O
proteins	B-CHED
encoded	O
by	O
the	O
FIPV	O
genome	O
,	O
nsp5	O
,	O
interrupted	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
IFN	I-PRGE
signaling	B-PROC
in	O
a	O
protease	O
-	O
dependent	O
manner	O
by	O
cleaving	O
the	O
nuclear	O
factor	O
κB	O
(	O
NF	O
-	O
κB	O
)	O
essential	O
modulator	O
(	O
NEMO	O
)	O
at	O
three	O
sites	O
-	O
glutamine132	O
(	O
Q132	O
),	O
Q205	O
,	O
and	O
Q231	O
.	O

A	O
patient	O
with	O
HCC	B-DISO
exhibited	O
acute	O
and	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
PTTM	O
is	O
caused	O
by	O
tumor	B-DISO
thrombi	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
arteries	B-ANAT
and	O
thickening	O
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
arterial	B-ANAT
endothelium	I-ANAT
leading	O
to	O
the	O
symptoms	O
of	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
in	O
terminal	O
staged	O
patients	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
two	O
3	O
'-	O
5	O
'	O
exoribonuclease	O
activities	O
identified	O
in	O
arenavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
proteomes	O
.	O

Arenaviruses	B-SPEC
have	O
a	O
segmented	O
ambisense	O
single	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
genome	O
of	O
negative	O
polarity	O
while	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
a	O
positive	O
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
genomic	O
RNA	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Hypoxemic	O
patients	O
often	O
desaturate	O
further	O
with	O
movement	O
and	O
transport	B-PROC
.	O

As	O
such	O
,	O
optimizing	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
to	O
allow	O
for	O
transport	B-PROC
should	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
priority	O
for	O
critical	O
care	O
transport	O
(	O
CCT	B-DISO
)	O
services	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Leptospirosis	B-DISO
manifested	O
with	O
severe	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
haemorrhagic	O
syndrome	B-DISO
successfully	O
treated	O
with	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
.	O

Refractory	O
hypoxaemia	O
was	O
not	O
responsive	O
to	O
positive	O
end	O
-	O
expiratory	O
pressure	O
(	O
PEEP	B-CHED
);	O
thus	O
,	O
VV	O
-	O
ECMO	O
was	O
initiated	O
on	O
the	O
first	O
day	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
overall	O
survival	O
rate	O
at	O
3	O
years	O
was	O
41	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
and	O
47	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
cases	O
with	O
clinical	O
stage	O
I	O
.	O
Perioperative	O
use	O
of	O
sivelestat	O
and	O
low	O
-	O
dose	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
anatomical	O
lung	B-ANAT
resection	O
was	O
safe	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
prove	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
prophylactic	O
effect	O
for	O
AE	O
-	O
IP	O
.	O

Prior	O
to	O
surgery	O
,	O
patients	O
received	O
a	O
125	O
-	O
mg	O
bolus	O
injection	O
of	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
and	O
continuous	O
intravenous	O
infusion	O
of	O
sivelestat	O
sodium	B-CHED
hydrate	I-CHED
(	O
sivelestat	O
)	O
for	O
2	O
days	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Comparative	O
therapeutic	O
efficacy	O
of	O
remdesivir	O
and	O
combination	O
lopinavir	O
,	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
a	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
2468	O
human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
and	O
over	O
851	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
27	O
countries	O
since	O
2012	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
no	O
approved	O
treatments	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
although	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
lopinavir	O
,	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
(	O
LPV	O
/	O
RTV	B-PRGE
-	O
IFNb	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
currently	O
being	O
evaluated	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
of	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
in	O
vivo	O
evidence	O
of	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
RDV	B-SPEC
to	O
treat	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

RBV	B-CHED
/	O
rIFN	O
was	O
initiated	O
at	O
a	O
median	O
of	O
2	O
days	O
(	O
Q1	O
,	O
Q3	O
:	O
1	O
,	O
3	O
days	O
)	O
from	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
admission	O
.	O

After	O
adjusting	O
for	O
baseline	O
and	O
time	O
-	O
varying	O
confounders	O
using	O
a	O
marginal	O
structural	O
model	O
,	O
RBV	B-CHED
/	O
rIFN	O
was	O
not	O
associated	O
with	O
changes	O
in	O
90	O
-	O
day	O
mortality	O
(	O
adjusted	O
odds	O
ratio	O
,	O
1	O
.	O
03	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
confidence	O
interval	O
{	O
CI	O
},	O
.	O
73	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
44	O
];	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
87	O
)	O
or	O
with	O
more	O
rapid	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
RNA	O
clearance	O
(	O
adjusted	O
hazard	O
ratio	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
65	O
[	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
.	O
30	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
44	O
];	O
P	O
=	O
.	O
29	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
experience	O
with	O
high	O
-	O
frequency	O
oscillatory	O
ventilation	O
(	O
HFOV	O
)	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
transitioned	O
from	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
due	O
to	O
refractory	O
hypoxemia	O
and	O
to	O
assess	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
survival	O
and	O
also	O
compare	O
outcomes	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
were	O
managed	O
with	O
early	O
HFOV	O
(	O
within	O
24	O
h	O
of	O
intubation	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
late	O
HFOV	O
.	O

Improvement	O
in	O
the	O
Oxygenation	B-PROC
Index	O
(	O
OI	O
)	O
at	O
48	O
h	O
of	O
initiation	O
of	O
HFOV	O
along	O
with	O
percent	O
increase	O
in	O
PaO	B-PROC

This	O
study	O
investigated	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
bovine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BCoV	O
),	O
bovine	B-SPEC
norovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
BNoV	O
),	O
bovine	B-PRGE
group	B-SPEC
A	I-SPEC
rotavirus	I-SPEC
(	I-PRGE
BoRVA	I-PRGE
),	I-PRGE
and	O
bovine	B-SPEC
torovirus	I-SPEC
(	O
BToV	O
)	O
in	O
calves	O
aged	O
≤	O
60	O
days	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
across	O
nine	O
different	O
regions	O
in	O
the	O
Republic	O
of	O
Korea	O
(	O
ROK	O
)	O
and	O
reported	O
associations	O
between	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
rare	O
case	O
of	O
posterior	B-DISO
reversible	I-DISO
encephalopathy	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
PRES	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
a	O
patient	O
with	O
severe	O
leptospirosis	B-DISO
during	O
recovery	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
illness	O
.	O

CR	O
-	O
31	O
-	O
B	O
(-)	O
inhibited	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
corona	B-CHED
-,	O
Zika	O
-,	O
Lassa	O
-,	O
Crimean	B-DISO
Congo	I-DISO
hemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
viruses	B-SPEC
and	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
,	O
hepatitis	B-SPEC
E	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
HEV	B-SPEC
)	O
at	O
non	O
-	O
cytotoxic	O
low	O
nanomolar	O
concentrations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
High	O
expression	B-PROC
of	O
long	O
non	O
-	O
coding	O
RNA	O
MALAT1	O
correlates	O
with	O
raised	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
risk	O
,	O
disease	O
severity	O
,	O
and	O
increased	O
mortality	O
in	O
sepstic	O
patients	O
.	O

Severity	O
and	O
organ	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
were	O
assessed	O
by	O
APACHE	O
II	O
score	O
and	O
SOFA	O
score	O
respectively	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
was	O
calculated	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
deltacoronavirus	O
(	O
PDCoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
porcine	B-SPEC
enteropathogenic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
vomiting	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
frequently	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
piglets	O
,	O
causing	O
serious	O
economic	O
losses	O
to	O
the	O
pig	B-SPEC
industry	O
.	O

The	O
strain	O
CHN	B-DISO
-	O
JS	O
-	O
2017	O
was	O
isolated	O
and	O
identified	O
by	O
cytopathology	O
,	O
immunofluorescence	O
assays	O
,	O
transmission	O
electron	O
microscopy	O
,	O
and	O
sequence	O
analysis	O
.	O

A	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
alignment	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
whole	O
genome	O
of	O
CHN	B-DISO
-	O
JS	O
-	O
2017	O
is	O
97	O
.	O
4	O
%-	O
99	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
identical	O
to	O
other	O
PDCoV	O
strains	O
.	O

The	O
pathogenicity	O
of	O
the	O
CHN	B-DISO
-	O
JS	O
-	O
2017	O
strain	O
was	O
investigated	O
in	O
orally	B-ANAT
inoculated	O
five	O
-	O
day	O
-	O
old	O
piglets	O
;	O
the	O
piglets	O
developed	O
acute	O
,	O
watery	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
but	O
all	O
recovered	O
and	O
survived	O
.	O

We	O
introduce	O
a	O
new	O
concept	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
taxonomical	O
classification	O
and	O
differentiation	B-PROC
among	O
FCoVs	O
by	O
analyzing	O
and	O
comparing	O
the	O
genetic	O
,	O
structural	O
,	O
and	O
functional	O
characteristics	O
of	O
FCoV	O
and	O
the	O
FCoV	B-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
among	O
the	O
two	O
serotypes	O
and	O
FCoV	O
biotypes	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
Detection	O
of	O
Gamma	O
Coronaviruses	O
in	O
Bird	B-SPEC
Parks	O
of	O
Iran	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
It	O
can	O
be	O
judged	O
that	O
if	O
the	O
detection	O
frequency	O
of	O
prevalent	O
pathogenic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
decreases	O
,	O
biosecurity	O
has	O
been	O
enhanced	O
.	O

Disease	B-DISO
,	I-DISO
lung	I-DISO
lesion	O
,	O
and	O
viral	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
progressions	O
were	O
slower	O
in	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
aerosol	O
-	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
than	O
in	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
instillation	O
-	O
inoculated	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
of	O
unknown	O
aetiology	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
:	O
potential	O
for	O
international	O
spread	O
via	O
commercial	O
air	O
travel	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
combined	O
symptoms	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
/	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
and	O
fever	B-PROC
/	O
cough	B-DISO
/	O
SOB	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
than	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
combined	O
symptoms	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
/	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
and	O
fever	B-PROC
/	O
cough	B-DISO
/	O
SOB	O
was	O
significantly	O
higher	O
in	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
than	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

This	O
review	O
summarizes	O
currently	O
available	O
and	O
novel	O
emerging	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syncytial	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
human	B-SPEC
adenovirus	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
rhinovirus	I-SPEC
.	O

Here	O
,	O
four	O
different	O
S	O
subunit	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
(	O
RBD	O
;	O
358	O
-	O
606	O
aa	O
),	O
S1	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
751	O
aa	O
),	O
S2	O
(	O
752	O
-	O
1296	O
aa	O
),	O
and	O
SΔTM	O
(	O
1	O
-	O
1296	O
aa	O
),	O
were	O
generated	O
using	O
the	O
baculoviral	B-SPEC
system	O
and	O
immunized	O
in	O
mice	B-SPEC
to	O
develop	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
and	O
mutation	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
feline	B-SPEC
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
detected	O
in	O
household	O
and	O
shelter	O
cats	B-SPEC
in	O
western	O
Canada	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Feline	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
peritonitis	I-DISO
(	O
FIP	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
fatal	O
disease	O
for	O
which	O
no	O
simple	O
antemortem	O
diagnostic	O
assay	O
is	O
available	O
.	O

A	O
new	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
PCR	O
)	O
test	O
has	O
recently	O
been	O
developed	O
that	O
targets	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
region	O
of	O
the	O
FIP	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
(	O
FIPV	B-SPEC
)	O
and	O
can	O
identify	O
specific	O
mutations	O
(	O
M1030L	O
or	O
S1032A	O
),	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
which	O
indicates	O
a	O
shift	O
from	O
feline	B-SPEC
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
FeCV	B-SPEC
)	O
to	O
FIPV	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
secondary	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
evaluate	O
how	O
often	O
these	O
specific	O
FIPV	O
mutations	O
were	O
present	O
in	O
tissue	O
samples	O
derived	O
from	O
cats	B-SPEC
diagnosed	O
with	O
FIP	B-DISO
at	O
postmortem	O
examination	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
targets	O
the	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
mucosa	I-ANAT
in	O
pigs	B-SPEC
.	O

To	O
protect	O
against	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
invasion	B-DISO
,	O
a	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
vaccine	O
is	O
utilized	O
effectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Increased	O
Detection	O
of	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
Children	O
with	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Tract	I-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
Using	O
PCR	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viruses	O
are	O
a	O
common	O
cause	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
RTI	B-DISO
),	O
particularly	O
in	O
neonates	O
and	O
children	O
.	O

A	O
seasonal	O
effect	O
was	O
shown	O
for	O
bRSV	B-SPEC
only	O
{	O
more	O
in	O
winter	O
compared	O
with	O
autumn	O
[	O
OR	O
=	O
10	O
.	O
3	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
-	O
37	O
.	O
5	O
)]}.	O
Other	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
bRSV	B-SPEC
were	O
PI	O
-	O
3	O
detection	O
[	O
OR	O
=	O
13	O
.	O
4	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
86	O
.	O
0	O
)],	O
prevalence	O
of	O
calves	O
with	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
[	O
OR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
00	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
04	O
)	O
per	O
1	O
%	O
increase	O
],	O
and	O
number	O
of	O
days	O
with	O
respiratory	O
signs	O
before	O
sampling	O
[	O
OR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
(	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
99	O
)	O
per	O
day	O
increase	O
].	O

Also	O
,	O
for	O
H	B-SPEC
.	I-SPEC
somni	I-SPEC
,	O
housing	O
on	O
sawdust	O
was	O
a	O
risk	O
factor	O
[	O
OR	O
=	O
5	O
.	O
2	O
(	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
-	O
23	O
.	O
0	O
)].	O

Studies	O
of	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
treatment	O
for	O
A	O
(	O
H7N9	O
)	O
patients	O
should	O
consider	O
collection	O
of	O
donor	B-CHED
plasma	B-ANAT
from	O
survivors	O
of	O
severe	O
disease	O
between	O
1	O
and	O
11	O
months	O
after	O
illness	O
onset	O
.	O

The	O
bobcat	B-SPEC
made	O
a	O
full	O
recovery	O
within	O
72	O
hours	O
after	O
treatment	O
for	O
ticks	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
a	O
presumptive	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
tick	B-DISO
paralysis	I-DISO
was	O
made	O
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
the	O
cases	O
of	O
8	O
,	O
985	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
case	O
-	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
severe	O
influenza	B-DISO
by	O
using	O
data	O
from	O
a	O
national	O
surveillance	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
period	O
2010	O
-	O
2017	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
causes	O
a	O
spectrum	O
of	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
,	O
from	O
asymptomatic	O
to	O
mild	O
to	O
fatal	O
.	O

Current	O
epidemiologic	O
evidence	O
supports	O
a	O
major	O
role	O
in	O
transmission	O
for	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
live	O
camels	B-SPEC
or	O
humans	B-SPEC
with	O
symptomatic	O
MERS	O
,	O
but	O
little	O
evidence	O
suggests	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
transmission	O
from	O
camel	B-SPEC
products	O
or	O
asymptomatic	O
MERS	O
cases	O
.	O

Because	O
a	O
proportion	O
of	O
case	O
-	O
patients	O
do	O
not	O
report	O
direct	O
contact	O
with	O
camels	B-SPEC
or	O
with	O
persons	O
who	O
have	O
symptomatic	O
MERS	O
,	O
further	O
research	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
conclusively	O
determine	O
additional	O
mechanisms	O
of	O
transmission	O
,	O
to	O
inform	O
public	O
health	O
practice	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
refine	O
current	O
precautionary	O
recommendations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neuromuscular	O
blockers	O
in	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
A	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

NMBAs	O
significantly	O
improved	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
(	O
Pao2	O
:	O
Fio2	O
ratios	O
)	O
at	O
48	O
hours	O
(	O
MD	O
27	O
.	O
26	O
mm	O
Hg	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
67	O
,	O
52	O
.	O
84	O
,	O
I2	O
=	O
92	O
%)	O
and	O
reduced	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
barotrauma	O
(	O
RR	O
0	O
.	O
55	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
35	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
85	O
,	O
I2	O
=	O
0	O
).	O

Of	O
note	O
,	O
the	O
PDCoV	O
EP	O
-	O
4E88	O
sequence	O
shared	O
very	O
low	O
similarity	O
(<	O
22	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
with	O
other	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
,	O
PRCV	O
,	O
SADS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
PHEV	O
),	O
demonstrating	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
epitope	B-CHED
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
distinguishing	O
PDCoV	O
and	O
other	O
porcine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
identified	O
severe	O
AOSD	O
-	O
related	O
complications	O
,	O
including	O
macrophage	B-DISO
activation	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
4	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
12	O
.	O
3	O
%).	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
association	O
of	O
plasma	B-ANAT
suPAR	O
expression	B-PROC
with	O
disease	O
risk	O
and	O
severity	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
prognosis	O
of	O
sepsis	B-DISO
-	O
induced	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
evaluate	O
whether	O
electromyographical	O
findings	O
could	O
predict	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
mortality	O
among	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
septic	O
patients	O
under	O
profound	O
sedation	B-DISO
.	O

Nine	O
patients	O
(	O
53	O
%)	O
had	O
electromyographic	O
signs	O
of	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
myopathy	I-DISO
or	O
neuropathy	B-DISO
.	O

YF	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
Rt	O
-	O
PCR	O
and	O
positive	O
serology	O
was	O
obtained	O
for	O
leptospira	B-SPEC
by	O
ELISA	O
and	O
microagglutination	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Emerging	O
coronaviruses	O
:	O
Genome	O
structure	O
,	O
replication	O
,	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
minireview	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
a	O
brief	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
general	O
features	O
of	O
CoVs	O
and	O
describe	O
diseases	O
caused	O
by	O
different	O
CoVs	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
5	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
Dichloro	O
-	O
2	O
-	O
phenyl	B-CHED
-	O
benzotriazoles	B-CHED
:	O
New	O
Potent	O
Inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
Orthohantavirus	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Characterization	O
of	O
the	O
Immune	B-PROC
Response	I-PROC
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
Vaccine	O
Candidates	O
Derived	O
from	O
Two	O
Different	O
Vectors	O
in	O
Mice	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
29	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
from	O
Bactrian	B-SPEC
camels	I-SPEC
in	O
Dubai	O
tested	O
by	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
enzyme	O
-	O
linked	O
immunosorbent	O
assay	O
(	O
S	O
-	O
ELISA	O
)	O
and	O
neutralization	O
antibody	B-COMP
test	O
,	O
14	O
(	O
48	O
%)	O
and	O
12	O
(	O
41	O
%),	O
respectively	O
,	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
antibodies	O
.	O

One	O
death	B-PROC
attributed	O
to	O
vaping	O
is	O
presented	O
with	O
emphasis	O
on	O
the	O
gross	O
and	O
histopathological	O
findings	O
from	O
the	O
autopsy	O
.	O

(	O
Funded	O
by	O
the	O
National	O
Key	O
Research	O
and	O
Development	B-PROC
Program	O
of	O
China	O
and	O
the	O
National	O
Major	O
Project	O
for	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
of	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
.).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
infections	I-DISO
and	O
immune	B-PROC
responses	I-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
are	O
by	O
far	O
the	O
largest	O
group	O
of	O
known	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
having	O
an	O
extensive	O
range	O
of	O
natural	O
hosts	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
an	O
update	O
on	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
and	O
relevant	O
diseases	O
,	O
particularly	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
defense	I-PROC
against	O
CoV	O
-	O
induced	O
inflammation	B-DISO
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
innate	O
immune	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
in	O
the	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
clinical	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Gga	B-MRNA
-	I-MRNA
miR	I-MRNA
-	I-MRNA
30d	I-MRNA
regulates	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
by	O
targeting	B-PROC
USP47	B-PRGE
in	O
HD11	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
previous	O
studies	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
revealed	O
that	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
caused	O
a	O
significant	O
down	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
gga	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
miR	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
30d	I-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
in	O
chicken	B-SPEC
kidneys	B-ANAT
.	O

In	O
present	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
investigated	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
gga	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
miR	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
30d	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
of	O
HD11	O
cell	B-ANAT
line	I-ANAT
in	O
vitro	O
.	O

By	O
transfecting	O
the	O
mimics	O
and	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
gga	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
miR	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
30d	I-PRGE
,	O
it	O
was	O
found	O
that	O
overexpressed	O
gga	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
miR	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
30d	I-PRGE
inhibited	O
IBV	B-SPEC
replication	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
recombinant	O
infectious	B-DISO
bronchitis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
a	O
chicken	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
spike	O
gene	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
turkey	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
genome	O
sequence	O
of	O
ahysx	O
-	O
1	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
strain	O
ck	O
/	O
CH	O
/	O
LLN	O
/	O
131040	O
(	O
KX252787	O
),	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
spike	O
gene	O
region	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
turkey	B-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strain	O
(	O
EU022526	O
),	O
suggesting	O
that	O
ahysx	O
-	O
1	O
is	O
a	O
recombinant	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Use	O
of	O
intestine	B-ANAT
-	O
related	O
biomarkers	O
for	O
detecting	O
intestinal	B-ANAT
epithelial	O
damage	O
in	O
neonatal	O
calves	O
with	O
diarrhea	O
.	O

During	O
ECMO	O
,	O
VEGF	B-PRGE
and	O
Ang2	B-PRGE
serum	I-PRGE
levels	O
remained	O
unchanged	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
ECMO	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
16	O
),	O
but	O
Ang2	B-PRGE
serum	I-PRGE
levels	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
significantly	O
increased	O
by	O
100	O
%	O
(	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
)	O
compared	O
to	O
survivors	O
.	O

Five	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
(	O
aged	O
36	O
-	O
66	O
years	O
)	O
presented	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
upper	O
or	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
symptoms	O
,	O
or	O
diarrhoea	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
these	O
3	O
-	O
6	O
days	O
after	O
exposure	O
.	O

They	O
presented	O
to	O
our	O
hospital	O
(	O
The	O
University	O
of	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
-	O
Shenzhen	O
Hospital	O
,	O
Shenzhen	O
)	O
6	O
-	O
10	O
days	O
after	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
.	O

They	O
and	O
one	O
asymptomatic	O
child	O
(	O
aged	O
10	O
years	O
)	O
had	O
radiological	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
lung	B-ANAT
opacities	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
findings	O
are	O
consistent	O
with	O
person	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
person	O
transmission	O
of	O
this	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
hospital	O
and	O
family	B-SPEC
settings	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
reports	O
of	O
infected	O
travellers	O
in	O
other	O
geographical	O
regions	O
.	O

Data	O
were	O
obtained	O
with	O
standardised	O
data	O
collection	O
forms	O
shared	O
by	O
WHO	O
and	O
the	O
International	O
Severe	O
Acute	O
Respiratory	O
and	O
Emerging	O
Infection	B-DISO
Consortium	O
from	O
electronic	O
medical	O
records	O
.	O

Learning	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
civet	B-SPEC
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
camel	B-SPEC
in	O
MERS	O
,	O
hunting	O
for	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
source	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
and	O
its	O
more	O
ancestral	O
virus	B-SPEC
would	O
be	O
important	O
for	O
understanding	O
the	O
origin	O
and	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
this	O
novel	O
lineage	O
B	O

Yet	O
,	O
with	O
technological	O
advances	O
and	O
important	O
lessons	O
gained	O
from	O
previous	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
perhaps	O
the	O
world	O
is	O
better	O
equipped	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
emergent	O
group	O
2B	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
ongoing	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
recently	O
emerged	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
poses	O
a	O
challenge	O
for	O
public	O
health	O
laboratories	O
as	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolates	O
are	O
unavailable	O
while	O
there	O
is	O
growing	O
evidence	O
that	O
the	O
outbreak	O
is	O
more	O
widespread	O
than	O
initially	O
thought	O
,	O
and	O
international	O
spread	O
through	O
travellers	O
does	O
already	O
occur	O
.	O

Control	O
material	O
is	O
made	O
available	O
through	O
European	O
Virus	B-SPEC
Archive	O
-	O
Global	O
(	O
EVAg	O
),	O
a	O
European	O
Union	O
infrastructure	O
project	O
.	O

From	O
these	O
results	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
is	O
distinct	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
probably	O
trasmitted	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
after	O
mutation	O
conferring	O
ability	O
to	O
infect	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
initial	O
cases	O
of	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)-	O
infected	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
NCIP	O
)	O
occurred	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
and	O
January	O
2020	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Receptor	O
Recognition	O
by	O
the	O
Novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
from	O
Wuhan	O
:	O
an	O
Analysis	O
Based	O
on	O
Decade	O
-	O
Long	O
Structural	O
Studies	O
of	O
SARS	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Drug	O
treatment	O
options	O
for	O
the	O
2019	O
-	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
).	O

Out	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
200	O
children	O
,	O
108	O
progressed	O
to	O
sepsis	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
26	O
progressed	O
to	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
of	O
which	O
22	O
progressed	O
to	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
predictors	O
of	O
mortality	O
were	O
positive	O
blood	B-ANAT
cultures	O
,	O
multiorgan	O
dysfunction	O
,	O
late	O
hospital	O
admissions	O
,	O
severe	O
acute	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
requirement	O
of	O
supportive	O
care	O
.	O

The	O
predictors	O
of	O
progression	O
to	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
were	O
abnormal	O
leukocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
culture	O
positivity	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
acute	O
malnutrition	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
efficacy	O
in	O
improving	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
with	O
four	O
support	O
methods	O
-	O
HFNC	O
,	O
HFNC	O
+	O
PP	O
,	O
NIV	O
,	O
NIV	O
+	O
PP	O
-	O
were	O
evaluated	O
by	O
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
analysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
Corona	B-CHED
Virus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
associated	O
stress	O
among	O
medical	O
students	O
at	O
a	O
university	O
teaching	O
hospital	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
.	O

Media	B-ANAT
speculations	O
may	O
have	O
increased	O
this	O
psychological	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
accessed	O
resources	O
,	O
as	O
per	O
students	O
,	O
has	O
borderline	O
significant	O
correlation	O
with	O
higher	O
self	O
-	O
reported	O
anxiety	O
from	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Medical	O
students	O
'	O
psychological	B-DISO
needs	O
during	O
the	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
outbreak	O
should	O
be	O
addressed	O
appropriately	O
.	O

These	O
isolates	O
showed	O
79	O
.	O
0	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
with	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
GenBank	O
NC_004718	O
)	O
and	O
51	O
.	O
8	O
%	O
identity	O
with	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
GenBank	O
NC_019843	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Five	O
patients	O
hospitalized	O
from	O
December	O
18	O
to	O
December	O
29	O
,	O
2019	O
presented	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
accompanied	O
by	O
complications	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

One	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
borne	O
CoV	O
was	O
identified	O
that	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
and	O
fatal	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Retrospective	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
for	O
returning	O
travellers	O
from	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
fitting	B-DISO
the	O
PHE	B-CHED
MERS	O
case	O
definition	O
.	O

Sputum	B-ANAT
samples	O
were	O
the	O
most	O
useful	O
in	O
diagnosing	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
with	O
a	O
100	O
%	O
diagnostic	O
yield	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
multiple	O
samples	O
.	O

Our	O
objectives	O
were	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
genetic	O
relationships	O
of	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
and	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
putative	O
recombination	B-PROC
within	O
the	O
subgenus	B-SPEC
of	O
sarbecovirus	O
.	O

Specifically	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
5	O
'-	O
part	O
spanning	O
the	O
first	O
11	O
,	O
498	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
and	O
the	O
last	O
3	O
'-	O
part	O
spanning	O
24	O
,	O
341	O
-	O
30	O
,	O
696	O
positions	O
,	O
2019	O
-	O
nCoV	O
and	O
RaTG13	O
formed	O
a	O
single	O
cluster	O
with	O
Bat_SARS	O
-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
sequences	O
,	O
whereas	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
region	O
spanning	O
the	O
3	O
'-	O
end	O
of	O
ORF1a	O
,	O
the	O
ORF1b	O
and	O
almost	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
regions	O
,	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
and	O
RaTG13	O
grouped	O
in	O
a	O
separate	O
distant	O
lineage	O
within	O
the	O
sarbecovirus	O
branch	B-ANAT
.	O

Samples	O
were	O
tested	O
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
S1	O
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
(	O
Abs	B-PRGE
)	O
by	O
ELISA	O
and	O
confirmed	O
by	O
testing	O
for	O
neutralizing	O
Abs	O
(	O
nAbs	O
)	O
using	O
both	O
pseudotyped	O
and	O
live	O
virus	B-PROC
neutralization	I-PROC
assays	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
are	O
enveloped	O
viruses	O
with	O
a	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
genome	O
.	O

They	O
cause	O
moderate	O
to	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
and	O
intestinal	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

50	O
(	O
51	O
%)	O
patients	O
had	O
chronic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
:	O
From	O
discovery	O
to	O
clinical	O
diagnostics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
designated	O
as	O
2019	O
-	O
nCoV	O
first	O
appeared	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
in	O
late	O
December	O
2019	O
.	O

The	O
respiratory	O
ArTH	O
predictive	O
tool	O
assigns	O
one	O
point	O
for	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
apnea	B-DISO
-	O
hypopnea	O
index	O
(	O
AHI	O
)	O
<	O
30	O
/	O
h	O
,	O
nadir	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
(	O
SaO	O
Our	O
results	O
reconfirmed	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
sleep	B-DISO
apnea	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
WUS	O
(	O
OR	O
2	O
.	O
879	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
17	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
089	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
021	O
).	O

We	O
show	O
that	O
reduced	O
respiratory	O
arousability	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
WUS	O
,	O
and	O
hypothesize	O
that	O
reduced	O
cortical	B-ANAT
capability	O
to	O
generate	O
respiratory	O
arousal	O
may	O
have	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
triggering	O
stroke	B-DISO
during	O
sleep	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Isolation	O
and	O
characterization	O
of	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
from	O
healthy	O
Eclectus	B-SPEC
parrots	B-SPEC
(	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Avian	O
coronavirus	O
has	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
hosts	B-COMP
,	O
from	O
chickens	B-SPEC
and	O
turkeys	B-SPEC
to	O
wild	O
birds	B-SPEC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
research	O
into	O
the	O
avian	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
in	O
various	O
species	B-SPEC
of	O
birds	B-SPEC
is	O
required	O
.	O

The	O
partial	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
this	O
isolate	O
showed	O
100	O
%	O
homology	O
with	O
the	O
IBV	B-SPEC
GI	O
-	O
13	O
lineage	O
,	O
specifically	O
with	O
a	O
field	O
isolate	O
of	O
the	O
4	B-PRGE
/	I-PRGE
91	I-PRGE
variant	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
Israel	O
and	O
the	O
4	O
/	O
91	O
vaccine	O
on	O
the	O
hypervariable	O
region	O
3	O
site	O
of	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
gene	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
fact	O
,	O
bats	B-SPEC
are	O
natural	O
reservoirs	O
for	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
highest	O
fatality	O
rates	O
of	O
any	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
people	O
acquire	O
from	O
wild	O
animals	B-SPEC
–	O
including	O
rabies	B-DISO
,	O
Ebola	O
and	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
experiments	O
made	O
use	O
of	O
cells	B-COMP
from	O
one	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
–	O
the	O
black	B-SPEC
flying	I-SPEC
fox	I-SPEC
–	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
interferon	B-PRGE
pathway	B-PROC
is	O
always	O
on	O
,	O
and	O
another	O
–	O
the	O
Egyptian	O
fruit	O
bat	B-ENZY
–	O
in	O
which	O
this	O
pathway	B-PROC
is	O
only	O
activated	O
during	O
an	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
both	O
bat	B-ENZY
species	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
strongest	O
antiviral	B-CHED
responses	O
were	O
countered	O
by	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
spreading	O
more	O
quickly	O
from	O
cell	B-COMP
to	O
cell	B-COMP
.	O

More	O
studies	O
are	O
needed	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
to	O
help	O
these	O
efforts	O
.	O

A	O
bone	B-ANAT
marrow	I-ANAT
aspirate	I-ANAT
was	O
performed	O
,	O
which	O
revealed	O
megaloblasts	B-ANAT
and	O
numerous	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
,	O
with	O
abundant	O
foamy	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
.	O

During	O
the	O
2015	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Korea	O
,	O
116	O
patients	O
in	O
3	O
HD	O
units	O
were	O
incidentally	O
exposed	O
to	O
individuals	O
with	O
confirmed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
and	O
underwent	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
isolation	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
single	O
-	O
room	O
isolation	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
54	O
,	O
47	O
%),	O
cohort	O
isolation	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
46	O
,	O
40	O
%),	O
and	O
self	O
-	O
imposed	O
quarantine	O
(	O
n	O
=	O
16	O
,	O
13	O
%).	O

The	O
primary	O
outcome	O
was	O
rate	O
of	O
secondary	O
viral	B-PROC
transmission	I-PROC
.	O

Although	O
116	O
participants	O
in	O
3	O
HD	O
units	O
were	O
incidentally	O
exposed	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
during	O
the	O
2015	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Korea	O
,	O
strict	O
patient	O
surveillance	O
and	O
proper	O
isolation	O
practice	O
prevented	O
secondary	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	O
can	O
cause	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
which	O
to	O
date	O
has	O
affected	O
about	O
twelve	O
thousand	O
individuals	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

Viral	O
activate	O
MCs	B-COMP
release	B-PATH
early	O
inflammatory	O
chemical	O
copounds	O
including	O
histamine	B-CHED
and	O
protease	O
;	O
while	O
late	O
activation	O
provoke	O
the	O
generation	O
of	O
pro	O
-	O
inflammatory	O
IL	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
1	I-PRGE
family	B-SPEC
members	I-PRGE
including	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
1	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
33	I-FUNC
.	O

We	O
used	O
data	O
from	O
Dec	B-CHED
31	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
to	O
Jan	B-PRGE
28	I-PRGE
,	O
2020	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
cases	O
exported	O
from	O
Wuhan	O
internationally	O
(	O
known	O
days	O
of	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
from	O
Dec	B-CHED
25	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
to	O
Jan	O
19	O
,	O
2020	O
)	O
to	O
infer	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
Wuhan	O
from	O
Dec	B-CHED
1	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
to	O
Jan	B-PRGE
25	I-PRGE
,	O
2020	O
.	O

A	O
susceptible	O
-	O
exposed	O
-	O
infectious	B-DISO
-	O
recovered	O
metapopulation	O
model	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
simulate	O
the	O
epidemics	O
across	O
all	O
major	O
cities	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
basic	O
reproductive	B-PROC
number	O
was	O
estimated	O
using	O
Markov	O
Chain	O
Monte	O
Carlo	O
methods	O
and	O
presented	O
using	O
the	O
resulting	O
posterior	O
mean	O
and	O
95	O
%	O
credibile	O
interval	O
(	O
CrI	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
,	O
such	O
as	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
Zika	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
present	O
a	O
major	O
threat	O
to	O
public	O
health	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Neuromuscular	B-PROC
blockade	I-PROC
in	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
and	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
of	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trials	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
NMBA	O
does	O
not	O
reduce	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
,	O
duration	O
of	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
or	O
,	O
most	O
importantly	O
,	O
the	O
mortality	O
risk	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
40	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
male	O
presented	O
with	O
acute	O
onset	O
severe	O
hypoxemic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

Given	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
other	O
findings	O
and	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
his	O
IPIPC	O
was	O
likely	O
associated	O
with	O
occupational	O
exposures	O
to	O
hydrocarbons	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
cabinetmaker	O
compounded	O
by	O
marijuana	B-DISO
smoking	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dynamics	O
of	O
transmissible	O
gastroenteritis	B-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
internalization	O
unraveled	O
by	O
single	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
tracking	O
in	O
live	O
cells	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
single	O
-	O
virus	B-SPEC
tracking	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
detailed	O
insights	O
into	O
the	O
dynamic	O
events	O
of	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
internalization	O
and	O
depict	O
the	O
whole	O
sequential	O
process	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
interactions	O
of	O
TGEVs	O
with	O
actin	B-PRGE
and	O
dynamin	B-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
in	O
real	O
time	O
during	O
the	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
internalization	O
were	O
visualized	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
study	O
delineates	O
the	O
disease	O
trajectory	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
pediatric	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
PARDS	O
)	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
Pediatric	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
Consensus	O
Conference	O
(	O
PALICC	O
)	O
definition	O
,	O
and	O
evaluates	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
comorbidities	O
on	O
outcomes	O
.	O

The	O
impact	O
of	O
chronic	O
comorbidities	O
on	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
and	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
,	O
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

Eighty	O
-	O
five	O
of	O
1272	O
PICU	B-SPEC
admissions	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
criteria	O
for	O
PARDS	O
and	O
were	O
included	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
comorbidities	O
and	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
had	O
a	O
more	O
severe	O
course	O
of	O
PARDS	O
compared	O
with	O
others	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
combating	O
this	O
new	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
stopping	O
the	O
epidemic	O
is	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
urgency	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
SARS	B-DISO
to	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
-	O
old	O
lessons	O
and	O
new	O
lessons	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
early	O
-	O
stage	O
importation	O
risk	O
to	O
Europe	O
,	O
January	O
2020	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pattern	O
of	O
early	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
of	O
Wuhan	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
),	O
December	O
2019	O
to	O
January	O
2020	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ventilatory	O
support	O
and	O
mechanical	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
fibrotic	O
lung	B-ANAT
acting	O
as	O
a	O
""""	O
squishy	O
ball	O
"""."	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Protective	O
ventilation	O
is	O
the	O
cornerstone	O
of	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
the	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
distress	O
syndrome	O
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
);	O
however	O
,	O
no	O
studies	O
have	O
yet	O
established	O
the	O
best	O
ventilatory	O
strategy	O
to	O
adopt	O
when	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	O
exacerbation	O
of	O
interstitial	B-DISO
lung	B-ANAT
disease	I-DISO
(	O
AE	O
-	O
ILD	O
)	O
are	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Due	O
to	O
the	O
severe	O
impairment	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-PROC
mechanics	I-PROC
,	O
the	O
fibrotic	O
lung	B-ANAT
is	O
at	O
high	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
etiology	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
indicates	O
that	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
is	O
close	O
to	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
circulating	O
in	O
Rhinolophus	B-SPEC
(	O
Horseshoe	B-SPEC
bats	I-SPEC
),	O
such	O
as	O
98	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
to	O
partial	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
gene	O
of	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strain	O
BtCoV	O
/	O
4991	O
(	O
GenBank	O
KP876546	O
,	O
370	O
nt	O
sequence	O
of	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
and	O
lack	O
of	O
other	O
genome	O
sequence	O
)	O
and	O
87	O
.	O
9	O
%	O
nucleotide	B-CHED
identity	O
to	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	B-SPEC
strain	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
SL	O
-	O
CoVZC45	O
and	O
bat	B-ENZY
-	O
SL	O
-	O
CoVZXC21	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Immunoinformatics	O
-	O
aided	O
identification	O
of	O
T	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
and	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
in	O
the	O
surface	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
outbreak	O
has	O
caused	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
with	O
thousands	O
of	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
worldwide	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
East	O
Asia	O
.	O

The	O
causative	O
pathogen	O
was	O
quickly	O
confirmed	O
as	O
""""	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
""""	O
.	O

Drugs	O
are	O
possibly	O
effective	O
for	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
include	O
:	O
remdesivir	O
,	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
,	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
combined	O
with	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
,	O
convalescent	O
plasma	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
disease	B-DISO
progression	I-DISO
,	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
CT	O
manifestations	O
,	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
degree	O
,	O
age	O
,	O
basic	O
diseases	O
,	O
and	O
laboratory	O
indicators	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
emerged	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
and	O
has	O
swiftly	O
spread	O
to	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
China	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
foreign	O
countries	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
the	O
serial	O
intervals	O
(	O
SI	O
)	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
two	O
other	O
well	O
-	O
known	O
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoV	O
),	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
CoVs	O
,	O
as	O
approximations	O
of	O
the	O
unknown	O
SI	O
for	O
2019	O
-	O
nCoV	O
to	O
estimate	O
We	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
initial	O
growth	B-PROC
phase	O
followed	O
an	O
exponential	O
growth	B-PROC
pattern	I-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genomic	O
variance	O
of	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
There	O
is	O
a	O
rising	O
global	O
concern	O
for	O
the	O
recently	O
emerged	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
).	O

Most	O
patients	O
had	O
a	O
normal	O
white	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
count	O
(	O
37	O
of	O
51	O
,	O
73	O
%),	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
count	O
(	O
44	O
of	O
51	O
,	O
86	O
%),	O
and	O
either	O
normal	O
(	O
17	O
of	O
51	O
,	O
35	O
%)	O
or	O
reduced	O
(	O
33	O
of	O
51	O
,	O
65	O
%)	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
.	O

CT	O
images	O
showed	O
pure	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
(	O
GGO	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
39	O
of	O
51	O
(	O
77	O
%)	O
patients	O
and	O
GGO	B-DISO
with	O
reticular	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
interlobular	O
septal	O
thickening	O
in	O
38	O
of	O
51	O
(	O
75	O
%)	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
further	O
addition	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
metapneumovirus	I-SPEC
,	O
rhinovirus	B-SPEC
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
over	O
the	O
final	O
3	O
years	O
accounted	O
for	O
66	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
of	O
ED	O
visits	O
and	O
74	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
hospitalizations	O
for	O
RTI	B-DISO
,	O
52	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
visits	O
and	O
48	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
of	O
hospitalizations	O
for	O
COPD	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
only	O
13	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
of	O
visits	O
and	O
10	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
hospitalizations	O
for	O
asthma	B-PATH
.	O

A	O
66	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
man	B-CHED
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
ES	O
after	O
autologous	O
stem	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transplantation	O
for	O
malignant	B-DISO
lymphoma	I-DISO
.	O

Anticardiolipin	O
antibodies	B-COMP
were	O
negative	O
:	O
anticardiolipin	O
β2GPI	O
antibody	B-COMP
≤	O
1	O
.	O
2	O
U	O
/	O
mL	O
(<	O
3	O
.	O
5	O
),	O
anticardiolipin	B-PRGE
immunoglobulin	I-PRGE
G	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
≤	O
8	O
U	O
/	O
mL	O
(<	O
10	O
),	O
and	O
anticardiolipin	B-PRGE
immunoglobulin	I-PRGE
M	I-PRGE
antibody	B-COMP
≤	O
5	O
U	O
/	O
mL	O
(<	O
8	O
).	O

He	O
required	O
the	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transfusion	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
hemolytic	B-DISO
anemia	I-DISO
.	O

For	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
never	O
been	O
experienced	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
before	O
and	O
with	O
infection	B-DISO
ability	O
widely	O
and	O
quickly	O
,	O
it	O
attracted	O
the	O
world	O
'	O
s	O
attention	O
but	O
without	O
treatment	O
and	O
control	O
manual	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
request	O
from	O
frontline	O
clinicians	O
and	O
public	O
health	O
professionals	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
infected	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
management	O
,	O
an	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
guideline	O
urgently	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
developed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Application	O
of	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
technique	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
ammonia	B-CHED
poisoning	O
].	O

On	O
July	O
7	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
ammonia	B-CHED
inhalation	B-PROC
was	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
ICU	O
of	O
the	O
First	O
Affiliated	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Zhengzhou	O
University	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
the	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
patient	O
with	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
imported	O
into	O
Korea	O
from	O
Wuhan	O
.	O

Hospital	O
-	O
associated	O
transmission	O
was	O
suspected	O
as	O
the	O
presumed	O
mechanism	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
for	O
affected	O
health	O
professionals	O
(	O
40	O
[	O
29	O
%])	O
and	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
(	O
17	O
[	O
12	O
.	O
3	O
%]).	O

Thirty	O
-	O
six	O
patients	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
were	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
because	O
of	O
complications	O
,	O
including	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
22	O
[	O
61	O
.	O
1	O
%]),	O
arrhythmia	B-DISO
(	O
16	O
[	O
44	O
.	O
4	O
%]),	O
and	O
shock	O
(	O
11	O
[	O
30	O
.	O
6	O
%]).	O

Of	O
the	O
36	O
cases	O
in	O
the	O
ICU	O
,	O
4	O
(	O
11	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
received	O
high	O
-	O
flow	O
oxygen	B-CHED
therapy	O
,	O
15	O
(	O
41	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
received	O
noninvasive	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
17	O
(	O
47	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
received	O
invasive	O
ventilation	O
(	O
4	O
were	O
switched	O
to	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
).	O

As	O
of	O
February	O
3	O
,	O
47	O
patients	O
(	O
34	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
were	O
discharged	O
and	O
6	O
died	B-PROC
(	O
overall	O
mortality	O
,	O
4	O
.	O
3	O
%),	O
but	O
the	O
remaining	O
patients	O
are	O
still	O
hospitalized	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Molecular	O
Diagnosis	O
of	O
a	O
Novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
Causing	O
an	O
Outbreak	O
of	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Using	O
RNA	O
extracted	O
from	O
cells	B-COMP
infected	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
as	O
a	O
positive	O
control	O
,	O
these	O
assays	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
dynamic	O
range	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
seven	O
orders	O
of	O
magnitude	O
(	O
2x10	O
-	O
4	O
-	O
2000	O
TCID50	O
/	O
reaction	O
).	O

This	O
study	O
employs	O
an	O
integrative	O
review	O
approach	O
to	O
summarize	O
the	O
minimal	O
evidence	O
on	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
travel	O
bans	O
to	O
decrease	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
),	O
Middle	O
Eastern	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
),	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
EVD	O
),	O
and	O
Zika	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
ZVD	O
).	O

The	O
first	O
case	O
,	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
girl	O
,	O
had	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
anemia	B-DISO
,	O
thrombocytopenia	O
and	O
renal	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
at	O
admission	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
hemolytic	B-DISO
uremic	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Supportive	O
treatment	O
and	O
oseltamivir	B-CHED
did	O
not	O
prevent	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

It	O
should	O
be	O
kept	O
in	O
mind	O
that	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
does	O
not	O
always	O
cause	O
a	O
self	O
-	O
limited	O
flu	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
zoonotic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
tentatively	O
labeled	O
as	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
by	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
),	O
has	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
of	O
the	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2019	O
.	O

To	O
avoid	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
outbreak	O
turning	O
into	O
an	O
epidemic	O
or	O
even	O
a	O
pandemic	O
and	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
mortality	O
rate	O
,	O
China	O
activated	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
procedures	O
,	O
but	O
much	O
remains	O
to	O
be	O
learned	B-PROC
about	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
refine	O
the	O
risk	O
assessment	O
and	O
response	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Interpretation	O
of	O
""""	O
Guidelines	O
for	O
the	O
Diagnosis	O
and	O
Treatment	O
of	O
Novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
Infection	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
National	O
Health	O
Commission	O
(	O
Trial	O
Version	O
5	O
")""]."	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Infection	O
with	O
2019	B-SPEC
Novel	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
mainly	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
respiratory	O
droplets	O
,	O
airborne	O
transmission	O
and	O
direct	O
contact	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genome	O
Composition	O
and	O
Divergence	O
of	O
the	O
Novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
Originating	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

A	O
systematic	O
comparison	O
identified	O
380	O
amino	B-PROC
acid	I-PROC
substitutions	I-PROC
between	O
these	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
have	O
caused	O
functional	O
and	O
pathogenic	O
divergence	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Currently	O
,	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
human	O
coronavirus	O
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
global	O
health	O
concern	O
causing	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
therefore	O
reviewed	O
the	O
literature	O
on	O
all	O
available	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
persistence	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
veterinary	O
coronaviruses	O
on	O
inanimate	O
surfaces	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
inactivation	B-DISO
strategies	O
with	O
biocidal	O
agents	O
used	O
for	O
chemical	O
disinfection	O
,	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
in	O
healthcare	O
facilities	O
.	O

Other	O
biocidal	O
agents	O
such	O
as	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
benzalkonium	B-CHED
chloride	I-CHED
or	O
0	O
.	O
02	O
%	O
chlorhexidine	B-CHED
digluconate	I-CHED
are	O
less	O
effective	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
ALI	O
)	O
or	O
its	O
most	O
advanced	O
form	O
,	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
a	O
severe	O
inflammatory	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
process	O
triggered	O
by	O
varieties	O
of	O
pathophysiological	O
factors	O
,	O
among	O
which	O
apoptosis	B-PATH
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endothelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
plays	O
a	O
critical	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
progression	O
of	O
ALI	O
/	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
scientific	O
interest	O
on	O
coronaviruses	O
increased	O
after	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
outbreaks	O
in	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
followed	O
by	O
Middle	B-PRGE
East	I-PRGE
Respiratory	I-PRGE
Syndrome	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
continuously	O
and	O
rapidly	O
circulating	O
at	O
present	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
the	O
parental	O
rIBV	O
-	O
p65	B-PRGE
control	O
,	O
all	O
four	O
EIC	B-PRGE
mutants	I-PRGE
exhibited	O
comparable	O
levels	O
of	O
intracellular	B-COMP
RNA	B-PROC
synthesis	I-PROC
,	O
structural	O
protein	B-CHED
production	O
,	O
and	O
virion	O
assembly	O
.	O

EIC	B-PRGE
-	O
defective	O
mutants	O
also	O
formed	O
smaller	O
plaques	B-DISO
,	O
released	O
significantly	O
less	O
infectious	B-DISO
virions	B-COMP
into	O
the	O
culture	O
supernatant	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
viral	O
fitness	O
in	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmissible	O
Gastroenteritis	B-DISO
Virus	B-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
Up	O
-	O
Regulates	O
FcRn	O
Expression	B-PROC
via	O
Nucleocapsid	B-COMP
Protein	B-CHED
and	O
Secretion	B-PROC
of	O
TGF	O
-	O
β	O
in	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
Intestinal	B-ANAT
Epithelial	B-ANAT
Cells	I-ANAT
.	O

First	O
,	O
using	O
small	O
interfering	O
RNAs	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
FcRn	O
expression	B-PROC
via	O
TLR3	B-PRGE
,	O
TLR9	B-PRGE
and	O
RIG	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
.	O
Moreover	O
,	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
induced	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
8	I-FUNC
,	O
TGF	O
-	O
β	O
,	O
and	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
production	O
.	O

Thus	O
,	O
TGEV	B-PRGE
N	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
and	O
TGF	O
-	O
β	O
up	O
-	O
regulated	O
FcRn	O
expression	B-PROC
,	O
further	O
clarifying	O
the	O
molecular	O
mechanism	O
of	O
up	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
FcRn	B-PRGE
expression	B-PROC
by	O
TGEV	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	O
-	O
on	O
-	O
chronic	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
:	O
Objective	O
admission	O
and	O
support	O
criteria	O
in	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Along	O
with	O
decompensation	O
of	O
cirrhosis	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
acute	O
-	O
on	O
-	O
chronic	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ACLF	O
)	O
has	O
emerged	O
.	O

Again	O
,	O
in	O
patients	O
who	O
are	O
deemed	O
suitable	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
candidates	O
,	O
intensive	O
care	O
management	O
may	O
allow	O
bridging	O
to	O
liver	B-ANAT
transplantation	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
Chronic	B-DISO
Liver	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Consortium	O
ACLF	O
score	O
greater	O
than	O
70	O
at	O
48	O
to	O
72	O
hours	O
post	O
-	O
ICU	O
admission	O
do	O
not	O
seem	O
to	O
benefit	O
from	O
ongoing	O
intensive	O
support	O
and	O
a	O
palliative	O
approach	O
may	O
be	O
more	O
appropriate	O
.	O

It	O
identifies	O
key	O
behavioural	O
risk	O
factors	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
targeted	B-PROC
for	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
tailored	O
risk	O
-	O
mitigation	O
strategies	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
threat	O
of	O
novel	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
applied	O
the	O
procedure	O
to	O
RNAi	B-PROC
screening	O
data	O
of	O
four	O
different	O
positive	O
-	O
sense	B-PROC
single	O
-	O
stranded	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
Hepatitis	B-SPEC
C	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Chikungunya	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
Dengue	B-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
and	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
detected	O
novel	O
host	B-COMP
factors	O
,	O
including	O
UBC	B-PRGE
,	O
PLCG1	B-PRGE
,	O
and	O
DYRK1B	B-PRGE
,	O
which	O
are	O
predicted	O
to	O
significantly	O
impact	O
the	O
replication	O
cycles	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Critical	O
care	O
management	O
of	O
adults	O
with	O
community	O
-	O
acquired	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
viral	B-PROC
infection	I-PROC
.	O

Oseltamivir	B-CHED
is	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
neuraminidase	B-CHED
inhibitor	I-CHED
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
influenza	B-DISO
;	O
data	O
suggest	O
that	O
early	O
use	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
reduced	O
mortality	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
.	O

At	O
present	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
antiviral	B-CHED
therapies	O
of	O
proven	O
efficacy	O
for	O
other	O
severe	O
RVIs	O
.	O

Limited	O
existing	O
knowledge	O
highlights	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
data	O
regarding	O
supportive	O
care	O
and	O
adjunctive	O
pharmacologic	O
therapy	O
that	O
is	O
specific	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
RVI	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Genomic	O
Characterization	O
and	O
Phylogenetic	O
Classification	O
of	O
Bovine	B-SPEC
Coronaviruses	O
Through	O
Whole	O
Genome	O
Sequence	O
Analysis	O
.	O

Phylogenetic	O
trees	O
on	O
hemagglutinin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
esterase	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
HE	O
),	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
(	O
S	O
),	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
(	O
N	O
)	O
genes	O
and	O
ORF1	O
revealed	O
clusters	B-CHED
similar	O
to	O
that	O
on	O
whole	O
genome	O
,	O
suggesting	O
that	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
BCoVs	O
may	O
be	O
closely	O
associated	O
with	O
variations	O
in	O
these	O
genes	O
.	O

We	O
identified	O
factors	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
-	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
among	O
suspected	O
cases	O
presented	O
with	O
sign	O
and	O
symptoms	O
of	O
upper	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
or	O
exposure	O
to	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

Fundación	O
Mutua	O
Madrileña	O
,	O
Instituto	O
de	O
Salud	O
Carlos	O
III	O
,	O
The	O
European	O
Regional	O
Development	B-PROC
'	O
s	O
Funds	O
,	O
Asociación	O
Científica	O
Pulmón	O
y	O
Ventilación	O
Mecánica	O
.	O

Middle	O
-	O
aged	O
and	O
elderly	O
patients	O
with	O
underlying	O
comorbidities	O
are	O
susceptible	O
to	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
may	O
have	O
a	O
poorer	O
prognosis	O
.	O

Because	O
of	O
their	O
unique	O
specificity	O
and	O
essential	O
role	O
in	O
viral	O
polyprotein	O
processing	O
,	O
these	O
proteases	O
are	O
suitable	O
targets	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Estimation	O
of	O
the	O
Transmission	O
Risk	O
of	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
and	O
Its	O
Implication	O
for	O
Public	O
Health	O
Interventions	O
.	O

We	O
assessed	O
the	O
required	O
expertise	O
and	O
capacity	O
for	O
molecular	O
detection	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
in	O
specialised	O
laboratories	O
in	O
30	O
European	O
Union	O
/	O
European	O
Economic	O
Area	O
(	O
EU	O
/	O
EEA	O
)	O
countries	O
.	O

Airport	O
screening	O
is	O
unlikely	O
to	O
detect	O
a	O
sufficient	O
proportion	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
infected	O
travellers	O
to	O
avoid	O
entry	O
of	O
infected	O
travellers	O
.	O

Using	O
the	O
travel	O
history	O
and	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
of	O
88	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
that	O
were	O
detected	O
outside	O
Wuhan	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
outbreak	O
phase	O
,	O
we	O
estimate	O
the	O
mean	O
incubation	O
period	O
to	O
be	O
6	O
.	O
4	O
days	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
credible	O
interval	O
:	O
5	O
.	O
6	O
-	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
),	O
ranging	O
from	O
2	O
.	O
1	O
to	O
11	O
.	O
1	O
days	O
(	O
2	O
.	O
5th	O
to	O
97	O
.	O
5th	O
percentile	O
).	O

CoV	O
infection	B-DISO
requires	O
spike	O
proteins	B-CHED
,	O
which	O
bind	B-FUNC
viruses	B-SPEC
to	O
host	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
and	O
catalyze	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
cell	B-COMP
membrane	I-COMP
fusion	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
favored	O
a	O
two	O
-	O
step	O
process	O
in	O
which	O
viruses	O
first	O
adhere	O
to	O
sialic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
and	O
then	O
require	O
subsequent	O
engagement	O
with	O
protein	B-CHED
receptors	O
during	O
infectious	B-DISO
cell	B-COMP
entry	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
2019	O
-	O
novel	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
was	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
self	O
-	O
collected	O
saliva	B-ANAT
of	O
91	O
.	O
7	O
%	O
(	O
11	O
/	O
12	O
)	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
2019	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
nCoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
began	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
province	O
,	O
and	O
rapidly	O
spread	O
to	O
many	O
provinces	O
in	O
China	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O

All	O
12	O
cases	O
of	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
developed	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
half	O
of	O
them	O
developed	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Age	O
,	O
viral	O
load	O
,	O
lung	B-ANAT
injury	O
score	O
,	O
and	O
blood	B-ANAT
biochemistry	O
indexes	O
,	O
albumin	B-PRGE
(	O
ALB	B-PRGE
),	O
CRP	B-PRGE
,	O
LDH	B-PRGE
,	O
LYM	O
(%),	O
LYM	O
,	O
and	O
NEU	B-PRGE
(%),	O
may	O
be	O
predictors	O
of	O
disease	O
severity	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
global	O
spread	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
:	O
a	O
molecular	O
evolutionary	O
analysis	O
.	O

We	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
clarify	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
transmission	O
among	O
the	O
countries	O
which	O
have	O
provided	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
sequence	O
isolates	O
from	O
their	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
basic	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
fall	O
between	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reports	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cases	O
from	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Daily	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
fall	O
between	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
predicted	O
number	O
of	O
infected	O
cases	O
from	O
international	O
colleagues	O
.	O

The	O
early	O
transmission	O
ability	O
of	O
2019	O
-	O
nCoV	O
is	O
close	O
to	O
or	O
slightly	O
higher	O
than	O
SARS	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
basic	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
fall	O
between	O
2	O
.	O
8	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
3	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reports	O
on	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
cases	O
from	O
People	O
'	O
s	O
Daily	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
fall	O
between	O
3	O
.	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
9	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
predicted	O
number	O
of	O
infected	O
cases	O
from	O
international	O
colleagues	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
for	O
Typical	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
Pneumonia	B-DISO
:	O
Relationship	O
to	O
Negative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
Testing	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potential	O
Maternal	O
and	O
Infant	O
Outcomes	O
from	O
(	O
Wuhan	O
)	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
Infecting	O
Pregnant	O
Women	O
:	O
Lessons	O
from	O
SARS	O
,	O
MERS	O
,	O
and	O
Other	O
Human	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
Infections	O
.	O

All	O
patients	O
received	O
positive	O
pressure	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
within	O
24	O
h	O
after	O
trauma	O
because	O
of	O
ARF	B-DISO
.	O

Rates	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
and	O
length	O
of	O
hospital	O
stay	O
constituted	O
secondary	O
outcomes	O
.	O

The	O
rate	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
higher	O
in	O
group	O
2	O
(	O
38	O
.	O
1	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
75	O
.	O
0	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
005	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Development	B-PROC
of	O
an	O
indirect	O
ELISA	O
for	O
detecting	O
porcine	B-PRGE
deltacoronavirus	I-PRGE
IgA	I-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
protein	B-CHED
is	O
an	O
antigen	B-CHED
that	O
has	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
to	O
contain	O
epitopes	O
that	O
induce	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
or	O
2019	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
posed	O
significant	O
threats	O
to	O
international	O
health	O
and	O
the	O
economy	O
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
we	O
suggest	O
that	O
all	O
the	O
potential	O
interventions	O
be	O
implemented	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
emerging	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
if	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
is	O
uncontrollable	O
.	O

Genetic	O
sequencing	O
of	O
isolates	O
obtained	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
identified	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
as	O
the	O
etiology	O
(	O
1	O
).	O

It	O
is	O
possible	O
that	O
the	O
common	O
exposure	O
history	O
at	O
a	O
seafood	O
market	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
originated	O
from	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
events	O
within	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
early	O
,	O
strong	O
emphasis	O
that	O
market	O
exposure	O
indicated	O
animal	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
was	O
potentially	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
observer	O
bias	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
pneumonia	O
originating	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
has	O
generated	O
24	O
,	O
500	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
,	O
including	O
492	O
deaths	B-PROC
,	O
as	O
of	O
5	O
February	O
2020	O
.	O

Fortunately	O
,	O
there	O
has	O
only	O
been	O
limited	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
outside	O
of	O
China	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
mean	O
time	O
from	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
to	O
hospitalisation	O
can	O
be	O
halved	O
by	O
intense	O
surveillance	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
probability	O
that	O
an	O
imported	O
case	O
leads	O
to	O
sustained	O
transmission	O
is	O
only	O
0	O
.	O
012	O
(	O
credible	O
interval	O
[	O
0	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
099	O
]).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
mechanically	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
:	O
a	O
pilot	O
study	O
.	O

We	O
studied	O
44	O
mini	O
-	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
samples	O
(	O
collected	O
with	O
a	O
double	O
catheter	O
,	O
Combicath	B-PRGE
®	I-PRGE
kit	I-PRGE
)	O
from	O
patients	O
with	O
mean	O
age	O
in	O
the	O
seventh	O
decade	O
,	O
20	O
from	O
WORI	O
group	O
and	O
24	O
from	O
WRI	O
group	O
,	O
who	O
were	O
hospitalized	O
for	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
in	O
Intensive	O
Care	O
Units	O
of	O
two	O
hospitals	O
in	O
the	O
Lisbon	O
area	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
suggest	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
common	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
the	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
without	O
causing	O
symptomatic	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
even	O
in	O
carefully	O
collected	O
lower	O
samples	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Treatment	O
of	O
Ebola	O
-	O
related	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
.	O

Accordingly	O
,	O
patients	O
often	O
require	O
critical	O
care	O
interventions	O
such	O
as	O
monitoring	O
of	O
vital	O
signs	O
,	O
intravenous	O
fluid	O
resuscitation	O
,	O
intravenous	O
vasoactive	O
medications	O
,	O
frequent	O
diagnostic	O
laboratory	O
testing	O
,	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
,	O
oxygen	B-CHED
and	O
occasionally	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Imaging	O
changes	O
of	O
typical	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
and	O
some	O
specific	O
imaging	O
features	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Feasibility	O
,	O
reproducibility	O
and	O
diagnostic	O
usefulness	O
of	O
right	O
ventricular	B-ANAT
strain	O
by	O
2	O
-	O
dimensional	O
speckle	O
-	O
tracking	O
echocardiography	O
in	O
ARDS	O
patients	O
:	O
the	O
ARD	B-ENZY
strain	O
study	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
data	O
are	O
scarce	O
regarding	O
its	O
use	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Regarding	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
,	O
mortality	O
and	O
cumulative	O
incidence	O
of	O
weaning	B-PROC
from	O
MV	O
at	O
day	O
28	O
were	O
not	O
different	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
normal	O
versus	O
abnormal	O
STE	B-CHED
-	O
derived	O
parameters	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Non	O
-	O
influenza	B-DISO
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
adult	O
patients	O
admitted	O
with	O
influenza	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
like	I-DISO
illness	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
3	O
-	O
year	O
prospective	O
multicenter	O
study	O
.	O

As	O
compared	O
to	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
NIRV	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
age	O
(	O
median	O
,	O
73	O
years	O
vs	O
.	O
68	O
,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
026	O
),	O
chronic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
53	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
45	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
034	O
),	O
cancer	B-DISO
(	O
14	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
9	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
029	O
),	O
and	O
immunosuppressive	O
drugs	O
(	O
21	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
14	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
028	O
),	O
and	O
inversely	O
associated	O
with	O
diabetes	B-DISO
(	O
18	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
25	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
038	O
).	O

On	O
multivariable	O
analysis	O
,	O
only	O
chronic	O
respiratory	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
5	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
1	O
-	O
2	O
.	O
0	O
],	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
008	O
),	O
and	O
diabetes	B-DISO
(	O
OR	O
0	O
.	O
5	O
[	O
0	O
.	O
4	O
-	O
0	O
.	O
8	O
],	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
NIRV	O
detection	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
since	O
December	O
2019	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
the	O
major	O
transportation	O
hub	O
in	O
central	O
China	O
,	O
became	O
an	O
emergency	B-DISO
of	O
major	O
international	O
concern	O
.	O

While	O
several	O
etiological	O
studies	O
have	O
begun	O
to	O
reveal	O
the	O
specific	O
biological	O
features	O
of	O
this	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
the	O
epidemic	O
characteristics	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
elucidated	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
mini	O
-	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
a	O
brief	O
introduction	O
to	O
the	O
pathology	B-DISO
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
extrapolate	O
this	O
knowledge	O
to	O
the	O
newly	O
identified	O
2019	O
-	O
nCoV	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
2019	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
or	O
officially	O
named	O
by	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
as	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
in	O
2019	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
few	O
reports	O
of	O
its	O
imaging	O
findings	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Case	O
of	O
the	O
Index	O
Patient	O
Who	O
Caused	O
Tertiary	O
Transmission	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
Infection	I-DISO
in	O
Korea	O
:	O
the	O
Application	O
of	O
Lopinavir	O
/	O
Ritonavir	O
for	O
the	O
Treatment	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
Infected	O
Pneumonia	B-DISO
Monitored	O
by	O
Quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

Hereby	O
,	O
we	O
report	O
the	O
clinical	B-DISO
findings	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
index	O
patient	O
who	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
cause	O
tertiary	O
transmission	O
outside	O
China	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
after	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
(	O
Kaletra	O
,	O
AbbVie	O
)	O
was	O
administered	O
,	O
β	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
viral	O
loads	O
significantly	O
decreased	O
and	O
no	O
or	O
little	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
titers	O
were	O
observed	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
tissues	B-ANAT
most	O
commonly	O
involved	O
are	O
the	O
kidneys	B-ANAT
,	O
bladder	B-ANAT
,	O
ureters	B-ANAT
and	O
,	O
to	O
some	O
extent	O
,	O
brain	B-ANAT
tissue	I-ANAT
,	O
there	O
are	O
some	O
reports	O
that	O
suggest	O
that	O
BKV	B-SPEC
may	O
cause	O
multisystemic	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
present	O
case	O
suggests	O
that	O
BKV	B-SPEC
can	O
damage	O
more	O
tissues	B-ANAT
than	O
previously	O
reported	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
responsible	O
for	O
systemic	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
immunosuppressed	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
initial	O
source	O
of	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
was	O
the	O
Huanan	O
seafood	O
market	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
province	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
with	O
pangolins	B-SPEC
as	O
a	O
potential	O
animal	B-SPEC
host	B-COMP
.	O

People	O
are	O
all	O
generally	O
susceptible	O
to	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
current	O
outbreak	O
of	O
a	O
novel	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
like	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
2019_nCoV	O
(	O
now	O
named	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
),	O
illustrated	O
difficulties	O
in	O
identifying	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
and	O
its	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
,	O
as	O
the	O
coding	O
sequences	O
of	O
various	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
species	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
highly	O
diverse	O
.	O

Increased	O
ACE	B-PRGE
and	O
Ang	B-PRGE
II	I-PRGE
are	O
poor	O
prognostic	O
factors	O
for	O
severe	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infection	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
15	O
%	O
~	O
30	O
%	O
patients	O
developing	O
into	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
).	O

Based	O
on	O
international	O
experiences	O
with	O
pandemic	O
control	O
,	O
the	O
world	O
should	O
emphasize	O
improving	O
the	O
system	O
of	O
emergency	B-DISO
reserve	O
medical	O
supplies	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
establishing	O
and	O
improving	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
should	O
promote	O
the	O
establishment	O
of	O
international	O
cooperative	O
programs	O
to	O
jointly	O
deal	O
with	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
of	O
international	O
concern	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Magnetic	O
Nanotrap	O
Particles	O
Preserve	O
the	O
Stability	O
of	O
Venezuelan	B-SPEC
Equine	I-SPEC
Encephalitis	I-SPEC
Virus	I-SPEC
in	O
Blood	O
for	O
Laboratory	O
Detection	O
.	O

Specific	O
IgM	B-COMP
antibody	B-PROC
screening	O
for	O
patients	O
whose	O
pharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
test	O
is	O
negative	O
but	O
with	O
ground	O
glass	O
-	O
like	O
lung	B-ANAT
lesions	O
is	O
very	O
important	O
for	O
early	O
detection	O
and	O
early	O
isolation	O
.	O

This	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
prevention	O
programs	O
recommending	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
(	O
CM	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
.	O

Historical	O
records	O
on	O
prevention	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
CM	O
classics	O
,	O
clinical	O
evidence	O
of	O
CM	O
on	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
CM	O
prevention	O
programs	O
issued	O
by	O
health	O
authorities	O
in	O
China	O
since	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outbreak	O
were	O
retrieved	O
from	O
different	O
databases	O
and	O
websites	O
till	O
12	O
February	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
frequently	O
used	O
herbs	O
included	O
Radix	B-SPEC
astragali	O
(	O
Huangqi	O
),	O
Radix	B-SPEC
glycyrrhizae	O
(	O
Gancao	O
),	O
Radix	B-SPEC
saposhnikoviae	O
(	O
Fangfeng	B-SPEC
),	O
Rhizoma	O
Atractylodis	O
Macrocephalae	O
(	O
Baizhu	O
),	O
Lonicerae	O
Japonicae	O
Flos	B-SPEC
(	O
Jinyinhua	O
),	O
and	O
Fructus	O
forsythia	B-SPEC
(	O
Lianqiao	O
).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
associated	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Among	O
adults	O
with	O
moderate	O
or	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
intravenous	O
IFN	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
β	I-PRGE
-	O
1a	O
administered	O
for	O
6	O
days	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
placebo	O
,	O
resulted	O
in	O
no	O
significant	O
difference	O
in	O
a	O
composite	O
score	O
that	O
included	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
number	O
of	O
ventilator	O
-	O
free	O
days	O
over	O
28	O
days	O
.	O

It	O
was	O
hypothesized	O
that	O
optimum	O
dose	O
and	O
specific	O
timing	O
of	O
TLR	O
ligands	O
may	O
reduce	O
viral	O
load	O
of	O
IBV	B-SPEC
in	O
specific	O
pathogen	O
free	O
(	O
SPF	O
)	O
embryonated	O
chicken	B-SPEC
eggs	O
(	O
ECEs	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
more	O
large	O
-	O
scale	O
randomized	O
trials	O
are	O
needed	O
to	O
further	O
validate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
NMBA	O
use	O
in	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
familial	O
cluster	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
indicating	O
potential	O
person	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
person	O
transmission	O
during	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fatal	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
OC43	O
in	O
an	O
immunocompromised	O
child	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
child	O
with	O
pre	O
-	O
B	O
acute	B-DISO
lymphoblastic	I-DISO
leukaemia	I-DISO
(	O
ALL	O
)	O
developed	O
fatal	O
encephalitis	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
human	B-PRGE
coronavirus	I-PRGE
OC43	I-PRGE
(	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
).	O

Cerebrospinal	B-ANAT
fluid	I-ANAT
was	O
negative	O
for	O
pathogens	O
including	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
,	O
but	O
a	O
brain	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
was	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
OC43	I-SPEC
-	O
positive	O
by	O
metagenomic	O
next	O
-	O
generation	O
sequencing	O
.	O

Most	O
patients	O
had	O
mild	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
mean	O
PaO2	O
/	O
FiO2	O
ratio	O
of	O
215	O
(	O
standard	O
deviation	O
[	O
SD	O
],	O
95	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Successful	O
use	O
of	O
VV	O
ECMO	O
in	O
managing	O
negative	B-DISO
pressure	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
.	O

Postobstructive	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
negative	B-DISO
pressure	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
,	O
can	O
result	O
in	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
compromise	O
and	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

Three	O
cases	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
were	O
confirmed	O
on	O
24	O
January	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
cases	O
in	O
Europe	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
•	O
Novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)-	O
infected	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
usually	O
manifests	O
as	O
bilateral	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
periphery	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
scans	O
.	O

Governments	O
are	O
under	O
increased	O
pressure	O
to	O
stop	O
the	O
outbreak	O
spiraling	O
into	O
a	O
global	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Health	O
protection	O
guideline	O
of	O
mobile	O
cabin	O
hospitals	O
during	O
Novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
Pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
NPC	B-ANAT
)	O
outbreak	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Health	O
protection	O
guideline	O
of	O
passenger	O
transport	B-PROC
stations	O
and	O
transportation	O
facilities	O
during	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
NCP	B-FUNC
)	O
outbreak	O
].	O

From	O
the	O
perspective	O
of	O
health	O
,	O
this	O
guideline	O
puts	O
forward	O
technical	O
requirements	O
on	O
the	O
operation	O
management	O
,	O
personnel	O
requirements	O
and	O
health	O
protection	O
of	O
passenger	O
transportation	O
places	O
such	O
as	O
aviation	O
,	O
railway	O
,	O
subway	O
,	O
bus	O
,	O
taxi	O
,	O
ship	O
,	O
etc	O
.,	O
which	O
reduces	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
NCP	B-FUNC
outbreak	O
on	O
the	O
transportation	O
industry	O
and	O
personal	O
health	O
risks	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Antibodies	B-COMP
to	O
coronaviruses	O
are	O
higher	O
in	O
older	O
compared	O
with	O
younger	O
adults	O
and	O
binding	B-FUNC
antibodies	B-COMP
are	O
more	O
sensitive	O
than	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
in	O
identifying	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
illnesses	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Abnormal	O
coagulation	B-PROC
parameters	O
are	O
associated	O
with	O
poor	O
prognosis	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
overall	O
mortality	O
was	O
11	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
revealed	O
significantly	O
higher	O
D	O
-	O
dimer	O
and	O
fibrin	O
degradation	O
product	O
(	O
FDP	B-PRGE
)	O
levels	O
,	O
longer	O
prothrombin	B-PRGE
time	O
and	O
activated	O
partial	O
thromboplastin	B-PRGE
time	O
compared	O
to	O
survivors	O
on	O
admission	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
05	O
);	O
71	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
and	O
0	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
survivors	O
met	B-CHED
the	O
criteria	O
of	O
disseminated	B-DISO
intravascular	I-DISO
coagulation	I-DISO
during	O
their	O
hospital	O
stay	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
colorectal	B-PATH
cancer	I-PATH
should	O
receive	O
operation	O
as	O
soon	O
as	O
possible	O
after	O
elective	O
operation	O
is	O
resumed	O
in	O
each	O
hospital	O
.	O

SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
Cov	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
virus	B-SPEC
can	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
asymptomatic	O
infectors	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
confirmed	O
to	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
by	O
droplets	O
and	O
contact	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
NCP	B-FUNC
)	O
has	O
become	O
a	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
in	O
China	O
.	O

For	O
the	O
patients	O
with	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
tumors	I-DISO
,	O
pre	O
-	O
admission	O
screening	O
should	O
be	O
done	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
rule	O
out	O
NCP	B-FUNC
.	O

Real	O
-	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
panel	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
scan	O
should	O
be	O
conducted	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
(>	O
37	O
.	O
3	O
℃),	O
travel	O
history	O
to	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
within	O
14	O
days	O
,	O
or	O
contact	O
history	O
with	O
residents	O
from	O
Wuhan	O
district	O
within	O
14	O
days	O
.	O

Surgical	O
intervention	O
for	O
benign	B-DISO
tumor	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
postponed	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
guide	O
and	O
regulate	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
in	O
patients	O
with	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
the	O
multicenter	O
collaboration	O
group	O
of	O
Department	O
of	O
Science	O
and	O
Technology	O
of	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
and	O
Health	O
Commission	O
of	O
Guangdong	O
Province	O
for	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
developed	O
this	O
expert	O
consensus	O
after	O
extensive	O
discussion	O
.	O

The	O
CoV	B-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
(	I-PRGE
S	I-PRGE
)	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	I-PRGE
is	O
a	O
key	O
target	O
for	O
vaccines	O
,	O
therapeutic	O
antibodies	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
diagnostics	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Liquid	O
silicone	O
(	O
polydimethylsiloxane	B-CHED
)	O
is	O
an	O
inert	O
material	O
that	O
is	O
commonly	O
used	O
for	O
cosmetic	B-CHED
purpose	O
.	O

We	O
aim	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristic	O
and	O
allergy	B-DISO
status	O
of	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
.	O

Lymphopenia	B-DISO
(	O
75	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
and	O
eosinopenia	B-DISO
(	O
52	O
.	O
9	O
%)	O
were	O
observed	O
in	O
most	O
patients	O
.	O

Significantly	O
higher	O
levels	O
of	O
D	O
-	O
dimer	O
,	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
procalcitonin	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
severe	O
patients	O
compared	O
to	O
nonsevere	O
patients	O
(	O
all	O
P	O
<	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

With	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
the	O
routine	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
for	O
lung	B-DISO
cancer	B-SPEC
patients	O
has	O
been	O
disturbed	O
.	O

As	O
such	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
this	O
consensus	O
recommendations	O
on	O
all	O
those	O
high	O
-	O
risk	O
treatments	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
current	O
evidence	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
resource	O
limitation	O
in	O
some	O
areas	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
aim	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
nosocomial	O
transmission	O
and	O
optimize	O
the	O
treatment	O
for	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

(	O
11	O
)	O
Avoid	O
unnecessary	O
bronchial	B-ANAT
hygiene	O
therapy	O
;	O
(	O
12	O
)	O
For	O
patients	O
who	O
need	O
aerosol	O
therapy	O
,	O
dry	O
powder	O
inhaler	O
metered	O
dose	O
inhaler	O
with	O
spacer	O
is	O
recommended	O
for	O
spontaneous	O
breathing	B-PROC
patients	O
;	O
while	O
vibrating	O
mesh	O
nebulizer	O
is	O
recommended	O
for	O
ventilated	O
patients	O
and	O
additional	O
filter	O
is	O
recommended	O
to	O
be	O
placed	O
at	O
the	O
expiratory	B-PROC
port	O
of	O
ventilation	O
during	O
nebulization	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
For	O
effective	O
resistance	O
to	O
virus	B-SPEC
attack	O
and	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
reducing	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
chance	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
extremely	O
important	O
for	O
the	O
medical	O
staff	O
and	O
related	O
workers	O
to	O
have	O
their	O
own	O
safe	O
protection	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Technologies	O
and	O
requirements	O
of	O
protection	O
and	O
disinfection	O
in	O
key	O
places	O
during	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
NCP	B-FUNC
)	O
outbreak	O
].	O

Comprehensive	O
measures	O
and	O
suggestions	O
for	O
protection	O
and	O
disinfection	O
are	O
put	O
forward	O
from	O
perspectives	O
of	O
functional	O
areas	O
in	O
key	O
places	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
hotels	O
,	O
mobile	O
cabin	O
hospitals	O
,	O
passenger	O
transport	B-PROC
stations	O
and	O
public	O
transport	B-PROC
facilities	O
,	O
environment	O
and	O
facilities	O
,	O
personal	O
protection	O
,	O
operation	O
management	O
system	O
,	O
etc	O
.,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
provide	O
technical	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
new	O
respiratory	O
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

With	O
a	O
longer	O
time	O
after	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
symptoms	O
,	O
CT	O
findings	O
were	O
more	O
frequent	O
,	O
including	O
consolidation	O
,	O
bilateral	O
and	O
peripheral	O
disease	O
,	O
greater	O
total	O
lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
,	O
linear	O
opacities	B-DISO
,	O
""""	O
crazy	O
-	O
paving	O
""""	O
pattern	O
and	O
the	O
""""	O
reverse	O
halo	O
""""	O
sign	O
.	O

Bilateral	O
lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
10	O
/	O
36	O
early	O
patients	O
(	O
28	O
%),	O
25	O
/	O
33	O
intermediate	O
patients	O
(	O
76	O
%),	O
and	O
22	O
/	O
25	O
late	O
patients	O
(	O
88	O
%).	O

At	O
least	O
40	O
,	O
261	O
cases	O
confirmed	O
,	O
23	O
,	O
589	O
cases	O
suspected	O
,	O
909	O
cases	O
death	B-PROC
and	O
3444	O
cases	O
cured	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
worldwide	O
24	O
countries	O
confirmed	O
383	O
cases	O
being	O
diagnosed	O
,	O
1	O
case	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
February	O
10th	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

At	O
present	O
,	O
the	O
mortality	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
in	O
China	O
is	O
2	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
compared	O
with	O
9	O
.	O
6	O
%	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
34	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
of	O
MERS	O
reported	O
by	O
WHO	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
provides	O
several	O
complete	O
genomes	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
and	O
improves	O
our	O
understanding	O
of	O
HCoV	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
NL63	I-SPEC
evolution	B-PROC
in	O
China	O
.	O

To	O
date	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
phenomenon	O
of	O
inappropriate	O
use	O
of	O
diuretics	B-CHED
leading	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
remains	O
unexplored	O
and	O
unrecognized	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
became	O
more	O
severe	O
after	O
experimental	O
diuretic	B-CHED
therapy	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
process	O
,	O
POCUS	O
is	O
a	O
reliable	O
diagnostic	O
tool	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
cause	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
edema	I-DISO
and	O
can	O
increase	O
the	O
accuracy	O
of	O
clinical	O
evaluations	O
.	O

The	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
was	O
associated	O
with	O
significantly	O
higher	O
mortality	O
(	O
OR	O
1	O
.	O
53	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
16	O
,	O
2	O
.	O
01	O
])	O
and	O
incidence	O
of	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
OR	O
3	O
.	O
15	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
[	O
1	O
.	O
54	O
,	O
6	O
.	O
45	O
]).	O

However	O
,	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
has	O
a	O
distinct	O
loop	O
with	O
flexible	O
glycyl	B-CHED
residues	O
replacing	O
rigid	B-DISO
prolyl	B-CHED
residues	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Molecular	O
modeling	O
revealed	O
that	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
RBD	O
has	O
a	O
stronger	O
interaction	O
with	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
).	O

ACE2	B-PRGE
is	O
widely	O
expressed	B-PROC
with	O
conserved	O
primary	O
structures	O
throughout	O
the	O
animal	B-SPEC
kingdom	I-SPEC
from	O
fish	B-SPEC
,	O
amphibians	B-SPEC
,	O
reptiles	B-SPEC
,	O
birds	B-SPEC
,	O
to	O
mammals	B-SPEC
.	O

2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
is	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
through	O
respiratory	O
droplets	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Community	O
pharmacist	O
in	O
public	O
health	O
emergencies	B-DISO
:	O
Quick	O
to	O
action	O
against	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
outbreak	O
.	O

This	O
paper	O
aimed	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
understanding	O
of	O
community	O
pharmacists	O
'	O
role	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
2019	O
-	O
CoV	O
outbreak	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
practical	O
experiences	O
in	O
consultation	O
with	O
the	O
recommendations	O
made	O
by	O
the	O
International	O
Pharmaceutical	B-CHED
Federation	O
on	O
the	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
disease	O
-	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
):	O
The	O
epidemic	O
and	O
the	O
challenges	O
.	O

Bilateral	O
lung	B-ANAT
involvement	O
with	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
finding	O
from	O
computed	O
tomography	O
images	O
of	O
the	O
chest	B-ANAT
.	O

The	O
one	O
case	O
of	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
in	O
the	O
USA	O
is	O
responding	O
well	O
to	O
remdesivir	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
now	O
undergoing	O
a	O
clinical	O
trial	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
COVID	O
-	O
2019	O
:	O
The	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
nsp2	B-PRGE
and	O
nsp3	B-PRGE
in	O
its	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
future	O
resilience	O
of	O
healthcare	O
services	O
will	O
depend	O
on	O
having	O
sufficient	O
numbers	O
of	O
nurses	O
who	O
are	O
adequately	O
resourced	O
to	O
face	B-DISO
the	O
coming	O
challenges	O
.	O

The	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
to	O
cause	O
severe	O
disease	O
or	O
death	B-PROC
was	O
the	O
most	O
frequently	O
reported	O
reason	O
for	O
worry	O
by	O
physicians	O
(	O
89	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
physicians	O
(	O
87	O
.	O
2	O
%).	O

The	O
current	O
situation	O
of	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
is	O
severe	O
.	O

More	O
importantly	O
,	O
we	O
introduce	O
in	O
detail	O
the	O
operative	O
management	O
and	O
perioperative	O
management	O
of	O
colorectal	O
surgery	O
patients	O
suspected	O
or	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
new	O
coronary	B-ANAT
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
including	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
measures	O
for	O
medical	O
staff	O
,	O
operating	O
rooms	O
and	O
surgical	O
instruments	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	I-SPEC
diarrhea	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
(	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
a	O
highly	O
virulent	O
re	O
-	O
emerging	O
enteric	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
acute	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
,	O
dehydration	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
100	O
%	O
mortality	O
in	O
neonatal	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

Identifying	O
variables	O
that	O
influence	O
lymphocyte	B-PROC
migration	B-PROC
and	O
IgA	B-PRGE
secretion	B-PROC
during	O
gestation	B-PROC
and	O
lactation	B-PROC
is	O
imperative	O
for	O
designing	O
maternal	O
immunization	O
strategies	O
that	O
generate	O
the	O
highest	O
amount	O
of	O
lactogenic	O
immune	O
protection	O
against	O
PEDV	O
in	O
suckling	O
piglets	O
.	O

From	O
the	O
perspective	O
of	O
social	O
role	O
,	O
dentists	O
not	O
only	O
played	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
expert	O
in	O
dental	O
home	O
professional	O
guidance	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
played	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
psychological	B-DISO
counseling	O
for	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
conclude	O
that	O
we	O
did	O
not	O
learn	B-PROC
from	O
the	O
two	O
prior	O
epidemics	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
were	O
ill	B-DISO
-	O
prepared	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
challenges	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
epidemic	O
has	O
posed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
)	O
(	O
NCP	B-FUNC
)	O
has	O
been	O
prevalent	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
and	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
to	O
all	O
of	O
our	O
country	O
.	O

For	O
NCP	B-FUNC
patients	O
with	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
reasonable	O
sedation	B-DISO
and	O
analgesia	B-DISO
strategies	O
should	O
be	O
formulated	O
;	O
delirium	B-DISO
should	O
not	O
be	O
ignored	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
up	B-PROC
regulation	I-PROC
of	O
inflammatory	O
factors	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
NCP	B-FUNC
,	O
but	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
renal	B-ANAT
replacement	O
therapy	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
further	O
confirmed	O
by	O
clinical	O
research	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
secondary	O
to	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
or	O
a	O
disorder	O
of	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
circulation	B-PROC
.	O

Certain	O
precipitating	O
factors	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
infection	B-DISO
of	O
any	O
origin	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
acute	O
on	O
chronic	B-DISO
cor	I-DISO
pulmonale	I-DISO
that	O
has	O
a	O
particularly	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

The	O
LUNG	B-ANAT
SAFE	O
study	O
was	O
an	O
international	O
,	O
multicenter	O
,	O
prospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
conducted	O
in	O
2014	O
in	O
459	O
ICUs	O
from	O
50	O
countries	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
substudy	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
use	O
of	O
widely	O
available	O
(	O
neuromuscular	B-DISO
blockade	I-DISO
,	O
prone	O
position	O
)	O
adjuncts	O
versus	O
adjuncts	O
requiring	O
specialized	O
equipment	O
(	O
ECMO	O
,	O
Inhaled	B-PROC
vasodilators	O
,	O
HFOV	O
)	O
in	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
48	O
hours	O
of	O
moderate	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
P	O
/	O
F	O
ratio	O
<	O
150	O
).	O

Patients	O
that	O
received	O
adjuncts	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
their	O
ARDS	B-DISO
recognized	O
,	O
be	O
younger	O
and	O
sicker	O
,	O
have	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
be	O
more	O
difficult	O
to	O
ventilate	O
,	O
and	O
be	O
in	O
a	O
European	O
high	O
income	O
country	O
than	O
those	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
receive	O
adjuncts	O
.	O

This	O
put	O
enormous	O
pressure	O
on	O
the	O
Chinese	O
government	O
,	O
medical	O
healthcare	O
provider	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
made	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
deeply	O
nervous	B-DISO
.	O

To	O
target	O
the	O
actions	O
,	O
similar	O
epidemiological	O
actions	O
to	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
are	O
needed	O
with	O
animal	B-SPEC
or	O
food	O
exposures	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
(	O
Wuhan	O
virus	B-SPEC
),	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
:	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
,	O
travel	O
-	O
related	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
vaccine	O
readiness	O
.	O

The	O
case	O
stresses	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
healthcare	O
personnel	O
to	O
perform	O
thorough	O
anamnesis	B-PROC
in	O
pregnant	O
women	O
in	O
farming	O
areas	O
and	O
to	O
advise	O
them	O
to	O
avoid	O
contact	O
with	O
small	O
ruminants	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
involved	O
lung	B-ANAT
segments	I-ANAT
were	O
the	O
dorsal	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
lower	I-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
(	O
69	O
/	O
80	O
,	O
86	O
%),	O
the	O
posterior	O
basal	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
lower	I-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
(	O
68	O
/	O
80	O
,	O
85	O
%),	O
the	O
lateral	O
basal	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
right	B-ANAT
lower	I-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
(	O
64	O
/	O
80	O
,	O
80	O
%),	O
the	O
dorsal	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
lower	I-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
(	O
61	O
/	O
80	O
,	O
76	O
%)	O
and	O
the	O
posterior	O
basal	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
left	B-ANAT
lower	I-ANAT
lobe	I-ANAT
(	O
65	O
/	O
80	O
,	O
81	O
%).	O

CT	O
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
evaluation	O
of	O
this	O
emerging	O
global	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Totally	O
80	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
were	O
included	O
.	O

Correlation	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
PII	O
value	O
was	O
significantly	O
correlated	O
with	O
the	O
values	O
of	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
monocyte	B-ANAT
count	O
,	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
procalcitonin	O
,	O
days	O
from	O
illness	O
onset	O
and	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
).	O

Where	O
blood	B-PROC
gas	B-ENZY
analyzers	O
are	O
unavailable	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
plethysmographic	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
/	O
fractional	O
inspirational	O
oxygen	B-CHED
concentration	O
(	O
SpO	O

Since	O
then	O
,	O
this	O
highly	O
contagious	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
spreading	O
worldwide	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
rapid	O
rise	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

Novel	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
-	O
infected	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
NCIP	O
)	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
fatigue	B-DISO
,	O
dry	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
dyspnea	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
viral	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
new	O
coronavirus	O
called	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

In	O
fact	O
,	O
since	O
September	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
WHO	O
has	O
been	O
notified	O
of	O
2494	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
epidemic	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
affected	O
26	O
countries	O
and	O
resulted	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
8000	O
cases	O
.	O

Pretreatment	O
of	O
the	O
cells	B-COMP
with	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
three	O
drugs	O
(	O
glycopyrronium	O
,	O
formoterol	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
budesonide	B-CHED
)	O
exerted	B-PROC
additive	O
inhibitory	O
effects	O
on	O
viral	O
titers	O
and	O
cytokine	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
.	O

The	O
additional	O
three	O
nucleotides	B-CHED
may	O
protect	O
the	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
from	O
excision	O
by	O
the	O
viral	B-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
'-	I-PRGE
5	I-PRGE
'	I-PRGE
exonuclease	I-PRGE
activity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Over	O
the	O
past	O
20	O
years	O
,	O
several	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
crossed	O
the	O
species	O
barrier	O
into	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
causing	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
severe	O
,	O
and	O
often	O
fatal	O
,	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
developed	O
an	O
approach	O
to	O
rapidly	O
screen	O
lineage	O
B	O
betacoronaviruses	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
the	O
recent	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
,	O
for	O
receptor	O
usage	O
and	O
their	O
ability	O
to	O
infect	O
cell	B-COMP
types	O
from	O
different	O
species	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
also	O
demonstrate	O
how	O
different	O
lineage	O
B	O
viruses	B-SPEC
can	O
recombine	O
to	O
gain	O
entry	O
into	O
human	B-SPEC
cells	B-COMP
,	O
and	O
confirm	O
that	O
human	B-PRGE
ACE2	I-PRGE
is	O
the	O
receptor	O
for	O
the	O
recently	O
emerging	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

The	O
shape	O
,	O
number	O
and	O
distribution	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
shadows	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
lesions	O
on	O
the	O
CT	O
images	O
were	O
reviewed	O
.	O

The	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
images	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
have	O
certain	O
characteristics	O
with	O
dynamic	O
changes	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
of	O
value	O
for	O
monitoring	O
disease	O
progress	O
and	O
clinical	O
treatment	O
.	O

Sputum	B-ANAT
was	O
observed	O
with	O
the	O
highest	O
positive	O
rate	O
of	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
results	O
.	O

Viral	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
could	O
be	O
detected	O
in10	O
%	O
patients	B-ANAT
'	I-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
at	O
acute	O
periodand	O
50	O
%	O
of	O
patients	O
had	O
positive	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
results	O
in	O
their	O
feces	B-ANAT
.	O

Early	O
antiviral	B-CHED
treatment	O
could	O
alleviate	O
disease	O
severity	O
and	O
prevent	O
illness	O
progression	O
,	O
and	O
we	O
found	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
combined	O
with	O
abidol	O
showed	O
antiviraleffects	O
in	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
digestive	B-PROC
systemic	O
cancer	B-DISO
is	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
malignancy	B-DISO
.	O

Based	O
on	O
the	O
fully	O
understanding	O
of	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
digestive	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
tumors	B-DISO
,	O
we	O
should	O
change	O
the	O
treatment	O
strategy	O
and	O
adopt	O
more	O
reasonable	O
treatment	O
strategy	O
timely	O
during	O
the	O
epidemic	O
period	O
to	O
minimize	O
the	O
adverse	B-DISO
effects	I-DISO
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
of	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
on	O
the	O
treatment	O
.	O

The	O
two	O
models	O
used	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
(	O
coalescent	O
-	O
based	O
exponential	O
growth	B-PROC
and	O
a	O
birth	B-PROC
-	O
death	B-PROC
skyline	O
method	O
)	O
indicated	O
an	O
estimated	O
mean	O
evolutionary	O
rate	O
of	O
7	O
.	O
8	O
×	O
10	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Understanding	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
based	O
on	O
current	O
evidence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Analysis	O
of	O
Severe	O
fever	B-PROC
with	O
thrombocytopenia	O
syndrome	B-DISO
in	O
critical	O
ill	B-DISO
patients	O
in	O
central	O
China	O
.	O

Diagnosis	O
was	O
confirmed	O
using	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
on	O
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
116	O
patients	O
with	O
SFTSV	O
infection	B-DISO
were	O
included	O
(	O
mean	O
age	O
63	O
±	O
9	O
years	O
,	O
59	O
[	O
51	O
.	O
3	O
%]	O
males	O
).	O

The	O
probable	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
cases	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
ten	O
days	O
would	O
gradually	O
increase	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
estimated	O
cumulative	O
cases	O
would	O
reach	B-PROC
1514	O
(	O
1384	O
-	O
1656	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
tenth	O
day	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O

Unless	O
strict	O
infection	B-DISO
management	O
and	O
control	O
are	O
taken	O
,	O
our	O
findings	O
indicate	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
to	O
cause	O
greater	O
outbreak	O
on	O
the	O
ship	O
.	O

We	O
applied	O
""""	O
projections	O
""""	O
package	O
in	O
R	O
to	O
simulate	O
the	O
plausible	O
cumulative	O
epidemic	O
trajectories	O
and	O
future	O
daily	O
incidence	O
by	O
fitting	B-DISO
the	O
data	O
of	O
existing	O
daily	O
incidence	O
,	O
a	O
serial	O
interval	O
distribution	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
estimated	O
R0	O
into	O
a	O
model	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
assumption	O
that	O
daily	O
incidence	O
obeys	O
approximately	O
Poisson	O
distribution	O
determined	O
by	O
daily	O
infectiousness	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
AVNP2	O
protects	O
against	O
cognitive	B-DISO
impairments	I-DISO
induced	O
by	O
C6	O
glioma	B-PATH
by	O
suppressing	O
tumour	B-DISO
associated	O
inflammation	O
in	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Glioblastoma	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
malignant	B-DISO
tumour	I-DISO
and	O
originates	O
from	O
the	O
central	B-ANAT
nervous	I-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

Yet	O
,	O
little	O
is	O
known	O
about	O
their	O
potential	O
functionalities	O
and	O
toxicities	O
to	O
the	O
neurotoxic	O
effects	O
of	O
cancer	B-DISO
.	O

Herein	O
,	O
we	O
explored	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
AVNP2	O
on	O
inhibiting	O
C6	O
in	O
glioma	B-PATH
-	O
bearing	O
rats	B-SPEC
.	O

There	O
are	O
no	O
commercial	O
drugs	O
targeting	B-PROC
coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
),	O
and	O
few	O
studies	O
on	O
anti	O
-	O
PEDV	B-SPEC
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

Due	O
to	O
significant	O
variations	O
in	O
the	O
control	O
strategies	O
,	O
which	O
have	O
been	O
changing	O
over	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
thanks	O
to	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
detection	O
technologies	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
rapidly	O
improved	O
,	O
enabling	O
to	O
shorten	O
the	O
time	O
from	O
infection	B-DISO
/	O
symptoms	O
onset	O
to	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
faster	O
confirmation	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
coronavirus	O
cases	O
,	O
our	O
previous	O
estimations	O
on	O
the	O
transmission	O
risk	O
of	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
need	O
to	O
be	O
revised	O
.	O

The	O
objective	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
through	O
human	B-SPEC
passenger	O
air	B-CHED
flight	B-PROC
from	O
four	O
major	O
cities	O
of	O
China	O
(	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Beijing	O
,	O
Shanghai	O
and	O
Guangzhou	O
)	O
to	O
the	O
passengers	O
'	O
destination	O
countries	O
.	O

According	O
to	O
our	O
risk	O
score	O
classification	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
countries	O
that	O
reported	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
case	O
as	O
of	O
5	O
February	O
2020	O
,	O
24	O
countries	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
4th	O
quantile	O
of	O
the	O
risk	O
index	O
,	O
two	O
in	O
the	O
3rd	O
quantile	O
,	O
one	O
in	O
the	O
2nd	O
quantile	O
and	O
none	O
in	O
the	O
1st	O
quantile	O
.	O

In	O
pan	B-COMP
-	O
Europe	O
,	O
UK	O
,	O
France	O
,	O
Russia	O
,	O
Germany	O
and	O
Italy	O
;	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
,	O
USA	O
and	O
Canada	O
;	O
in	O
Oceania	O
,	O
Australia	O
had	O
high	O
risk	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
reported	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
case	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
tears	B-ANAT
and	O
conjunctival	O
secretions	B-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Until	O
18	O
February	O
2020	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
72	O
533	O
confirmed	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
cases	O
(	O
including	O
10	O
644	O
severe	O
cases	O
)	O
and	O
1872	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
China	O
.	O

In	O
patients	O
with	O
negative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
results	O
,	O
75	O
%	O
(	O
308	O
/	O
413	O
)	O
had	O
positive	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
findings	O
;	O
of	O
308	O
,	O
48	O
%	O
were	O
considered	O
as	O
highly	O
likely	O
cases	O
,	O
with	O
33	O
%	O
as	O
probable	O
cases	O
.	O

Conclusion	O
Chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
has	O
a	O
high	O
sensitivity	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
According	O
to	O
the	O
Joint	B-ANAT
Theater	O
Trauma	O
Registry	O
,	O
26	O
-	O
33	O
%	O
of	O
war	O
casualties	O
develop	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
),	O
with	O
high	O
mortality	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
describe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
incidence	O
and	O
severity	O
among	O
patients	O
evacuated	O
from	O
war	O
zones	O
and	O
admitted	O
to	O
French	O
intensive	O
care	O
units	O
(	O
ICUs	O
).	O

Among	O
severe	O
trauma	O
patients	O
,	O
median	O
ISS	B-DISO
was	O
34	O
,	O
and	O
AIS	B-DISO
thorax	B-ANAT
was	O
3	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Assessing	O
the	O
Impact	O
of	O
Reduced	O
Travel	O
on	O
Exportation	O
Dynamics	O
of	O
Novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
Infection	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
).	O

Unexpectedly	O
,	O
the	O
2109	O
-	O
nCoV	O
RNA	O
was	O
readily	O
detected	O
in	O
the	O
blood	B-ANAT
(	O
6	O
of	O
57	O
patients	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
anal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
(	O
11	O
of	O
28	O
patients	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Expert	O
Recommendations	O
for	O
Tracheal	O
Intubation	O
in	O
Critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
Patients	O
with	O
Noval	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
fact	O
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
anesthesiologists	O
after	O
endotracheal	O
intubation	O
for	O
confirmed	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
patients	O
have	O
been	O
reported	O
in	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
.	O

A	O
good	O
airway	B-ANAT
assessment	O
before	O
airway	B-ANAT
intervention	O
is	O
of	O
vital	O
importance	O
.	O

For	O
patients	O
with	O
difficult	O
airway	B-ANAT
,	O
good	O
preparation	O
of	O
airway	B-ANAT
devices	O
and	O
detailed	O
intubation	O
plans	O
should	O
be	O
made	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
causing	O
this	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
then	O
named	O
as	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
by	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
agents	O
that	O
were	O
used	O
during	O
the	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
)	O
epidemics	O
.	O

This	O
virus	B-SPEC
shares	O
highly	O
homological	O
sequence	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
causes	O
acute	O
,	O
highly	O
lethal	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
with	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
reported	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
The	O
most	O
characteristic	O
symptom	B-DISO
of	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
is	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
could	O
not	O
breathe	O
spontaneously	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
an	O
urgent	O
need	O
for	O
an	O
accurate	O
and	O
rapid	O
test	O
method	O
to	O
quickly	O
identify	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
infected	O
patients	O
and	O
asymptomatic	O
carriers	O
to	O
prevent	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmission	O
and	O
assure	O
timely	O
treatment	O
of	O
patients	O
.	O

We	O
have	O
developed	O
a	O
rapid	O
and	O
simple	O
point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
care	O
lateral	O
flow	O
immunoassay	O
which	O
can	O
detect	O
IgM	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
antibodies	I-PRGE
simultaneously	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
human	B-SPEC
blood	B-ANAT
within	O
15	O
minutes	O
which	O
can	O
detect	O
patients	O
at	O
different	O
infection	B-DISO
stages	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Surgical	O
treatment	O
for	O
esophageal	B-DISO
cancer	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
].	O

The	O
selection	O
of	O
surgical	O
procedures	O
and	O
perioperative	O
managements	O
of	O
esophageal	B-DISO
cancer	I-DISO
require	O
all	O
thoracic	B-DISO
surgeons	O
work	O
together	O
to	O
figure	O
out	O
a	O
reasonable	O
system	O
of	O
surgical	O
treatment	O
and	O
emergency	B-DISO
response	O
.	O

The	O
rapid	O
genomic	O
sequencing	O
and	O
open	O
access	O
data	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
advanced	O
vaccine	O
technology	O
,	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
give	O
us	O
more	O
knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
pathogen	O
itself	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
plan	B-DISO
for	O
therapeutic	O
vaccines	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
.	O

This	O
predictive	O
view	O
may	O
help	O
in	O
designing	O
an	O
immune	O
intervention	O
or	O
preventive	O
vaccine	O
for	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
.	O

Laborious	O
investigations	O
in	O
the	O
association	O
between	O
both	O
components	O
,	O
may	O
reveal	O
new	O
targets	O
for	O
opposing	O
severe	O
human	B-SPEC
disease	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
Based	O
Stabilization	O
of	O
Non	O
-	O
native	O
Protein	B-CHED
-	O
Protein	B-CHED
Interactions	O
of	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Nucleocapsid	B-ANAT
Proteins	B-CHED
in	O
Antiviral	B-CHED
Drug	I-CHED
Design	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Structure	O
-	O
based	O
stabilization	O
of	O
protein	B-CHED
-	O
protein	B-CHED
interactions	O
(	O
PPIs	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
promising	O
strategy	O
for	O
drug	O
discovery	O
.	O

The	O
interface	O
formed	O
a	O
conserved	O
hydrophobic	O
cavity	B-DISO
suitable	O
for	O
targeted	B-PROC
drug	O
screening	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
survivors	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
survivors	O
were	O
older	O
(	O
64	O
·	O
6	O
years	O
[	O
11	O
·	O
2	O
]	O
vs	O
51	O
·	O
9	O
years	O
[	O
12	O
·	O
9	O
]),	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
develop	O
ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
26	O
[	O
81	O
%]	O
patients	O
vs	O
9	O
[	O
45	O
%]	O
patients	O
),	O
and	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
receive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
30	O
[	O
94	O
%]	O
patients	O
vs	O
7	O
[	O
35	O
%]	O
patients	O
),	O
either	O
invasively	O
or	O
non	O
-	O
invasively	O
.	O

The	O
severity	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
pneumonia	B-DISO
poses	O
great	O
strain	O
on	O
critical	O
care	O
resources	O
in	O
hospitals	O
,	O
especially	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
adequately	O
staffed	O
or	O
resourced	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
cluster	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
coronavirus	O
disease	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
caused	O
by	O
infection	B-DISO
with	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
were	O
successively	O
reported	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Update	O
:	O
Public	O
Health	O
Response	O
to	O
the	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
Outbreak	O
-	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
February	O
24	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

The	O
latter	O
prevents	O
farmers	O
from	O
going	O
bankrupt	O
after	O
a	O
zoonoses	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Although	O
coronaviruses	O
usually	O
infect	O
the	O
upper	O
or	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
,	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
in	O
plasma	B-ANAT
or	O
serum	B-COMP
is	O
common	O
.	O

Because	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
asymptomatic	O
infections	O
are	O
being	O
found	O
among	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
cases	O
,	O
considerations	O
of	O
blood	B-ANAT
safety	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
have	O
arisen	O
especially	O
in	O
endemic	O
areas	O
.	O

All	O
the	O
included	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
underwent	O
non	O
-	O
contrast	O
enhanced	O
chest	B-ANAT
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
).	O

The	O
majority	O
of	O
infected	O
patients	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
exposure	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
or	O
to	O
infected	O
patients	O
and	O
mostly	O
presented	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
cough	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
impact	O
of	O
early	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
(≥	O
200	O
mg	O
hydrocortisone	B-CHED
equivalent	O
dose	O
within	O
3	O
days	O
after	O
ICU	O
admission	O
,	O
determined	O
by	O
a	O
sensitivity	O
analysis	O
)	O
on	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
(	O
the	O
primary	O
outcome	O
)	O
was	O
assessed	O
by	O
multivariable	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
further	O
confirmed	O
in	O
a	O
propensity	O
score	O
-	O
matched	O
cohort	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
241	O
patients	O
with	O
influenza	O
-	O
associated	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
85	O
(	O
35	O
.	O
3	O
%)	O
patients	O
receiving	O
early	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
had	O
similar	O
baseline	O
characteristics	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
significantly	O
higher	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
rate	O
than	O
those	O
without	O
early	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
treatment	O
[	O
43	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
37	O
/	O
85	O
)	O
vs	O
.	O
19	O
.	O
2	O
%	O
(	O
30	O
/	O
156	O
),	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
].	O

We	O
mapped	O
the	O
spatiotemporal	O
changes	O
of	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
,	O
fitted	B-DISO
the	O
epidemic	O
situation	O
by	O
the	O
population	O
growth	B-PROC
curve	O
at	O
different	O
stages	O
and	O
took	O
statistical	O
description	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
situation	O
in	O
Anhui	O
province	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
aim	O
to	O
summarize	O
reliable	O
evidence	O
of	O
evidence	O
-	O
based	O
medicine	B-CHED
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
and	O
prevention	O
of	O
the	O
Severe	B-SPEC
Acute	I-SPEC
Respiratory	I-SPEC
Syndrome	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
by	O
analyzing	O
all	O
the	O
published	O
studies	O
on	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
.	O

Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
shows	O
that	O
,	O
among	O
these	O
patients	O
,	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
fever	B-PROC
was	O
0	O
.	O
891	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
818	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
945	O
),	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
cough	B-DISO
was	O
0	O
.	O
722	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
657	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
782	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
muscle	B-DISO
soreness	I-DISO
or	O
fatigue	B-DISO
was	O
0	O
.	O
425	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
0	O
.	O
213	O
,	O
0	O
.	O
652	O
).	O

Several	O
people	O
have	O
muscle	B-DISO
soreness	I-DISO
or	O
fatigue	B-DISO
as	O
well	O
as	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
case	O
fatality	O
rate	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
lower	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
MERS	O
).	O

This	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
also	O
has	O
limitations	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
conclusions	O
of	O
this	O
Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
still	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
verified	O
by	O
more	O
relevant	O
studies	O
with	O
more	O
careful	O
design	O
,	O
more	O
rigorous	O
execution	O
,	O
and	O
larger	O
sample	O
size	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Ten	O
studies	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
50466	O
patients	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Budd	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
Chiari	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
complex	O
disorder	O
,	O
and	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
varies	O
,	O
serious	O
cases	O
can	O
be	O
life	O
threatening	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Genome	O
Detective	O
is	O
a	O
web	B-DISO
-	O
based	O
,	O
user	O
-	O
friendly	O
software	O
application	O
to	O
quickly	O
and	O
accurately	O
assemble	O
all	O
known	O
virus	B-SPEC
genomes	O
from	O
next	O
generation	O
sequencing	O
datasets	O
.	O

This	O
application	O
allows	O
the	O
identification	O
of	O
phylogenetic	O
clusters	B-CHED
and	O
genotypes	O
from	O
assembled	O
genomes	O
in	O
FASTA	O
format	O
.	O

The	O
tool	O
has	O
been	O
tested	O
and	O
validated	O
with	O
hundreds	O
of	O
whole	O
genomes	O
from	O
ten	O
coronavirus	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
correctly	O
classified	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
related	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARSr	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
available	O
public	O
data	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
Characteristics	O
of	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
.	O

We	O
extracted	O
data	O
regarding	O
1099	O
patients	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
Covid	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
from	O
552	O
hospitals	O
in	O
30	O
provinces	O
,	O
autonomous	O
regions	O
,	O
and	O
municipalities	O
in	O
China	O
through	O
January	O
29	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

Real	O
time	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
the	O
new	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
in	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
.	O

Up	O
to	O
now	O
,	O
21	O
cases	O
were	O
discharged	O
from	O
the	O
hospital	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
patient	O
died	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
lesion	O
was	O
primarily	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
peripheral	O
area	O
under	O
the	O
pleura	B-ANAT
with	O
possible	O
extension	O
towards	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
hilum	I-ANAT
.	O

CT	O
scanning	O
provides	O
important	O
bases	B-CHED
for	O
early	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
of	O
NCP	B-FUNC
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
critical	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
its	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
respond	O
to	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
outbreak	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Real	O
-	O
time	O
forecasts	O
of	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
China	O
from	O
February	O
5th	O
to	O
February	O
24th	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
initial	O
cluster	O
of	O
severe	O
pneumonia	O
cases	O
that	O
triggered	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
epidemic	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
.	O

A	O
systematic	O
search	O
was	O
carried	O
out	O
in	O
three	O
major	O
electronic	O
databases	O
(	O
PubMed	O
,	O
Embase	O
and	O
Cochrane	O
Library	O
)	O
to	O
identify	O
published	O
studies	O
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
the	O
Preferred	O
Reporting	O
Items	O
for	O
Systematic	O
Reviews	O
and	O
Meta	B-SPEC
-	O
Analyses	O
(	O
PRISMA	O
)	O
guidelines	O
.	O

Several	O
laboratory	O
protocols	O
for	O
confirmation	O
of	O
suspected	O
2019	O
-	O
nCoV	O
cases	O
using	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
published	O
.	O

A	O
number	O
of	O
novel	O
compounds	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
therapeutics	O
licensed	O
for	O
other	O
conditions	O
appear	O
to	O
have	O
in	O
vitro	O
efficacy	O
against	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O
Some	O
are	O
being	O
tested	O
in	O
clinical	O
trials	O
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
while	O
others	O
have	O
been	O
listed	O
for	O
clinical	O
trials	O
against	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O
However	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
currently	O
no	O
effective	O
specific	O
antivirals	B-CHED
or	O
drug	O
combinations	O
supported	O
by	O
high	O
-	O
level	O
evidence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
The	O
keypoints	O
in	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
critical	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
patient	O
].	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Recommendations	O
for	O
the	O
regulation	B-PROC
of	O
medical	O
practices	O
of	O
burn	O
treatment	O
during	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	O
disease	O
2019	O
].	O

Prolonged	O
virus	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
is	O
observed	O
in	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
and	O
feces	B-ANAT
at	O
the	O
convalescent	O
stage	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
well	O
6	O
-	O
month	O
-	O
old	O
infant	O
with	O
coronavirus	O
disease	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
had	O
persistently	O
positive	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
to	O
day	O
16	O
of	O
admission	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Management	O
strategies	O
of	O
neonatal	B-DISO
jaundice	I-DISO
during	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Exposure	O
to	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
(	O
Camelus	B-SPEC
dromedaries	B-SPEC
)	O
has	O
been	O
consistently	O
considered	O
the	O
main	O
source	O
of	O
primary	O
human	B-SPEC
infection	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
strong	O
and	O
significant	O
association	O
was	O
found	O
between	O
the	O
total	O
number	O
of	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camels	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
numbers	O
of	O
primary	O
camel	B-SPEC
-	O
exposed	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
exposed	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
.	O

Transmission	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
from	O
camels	B-SPEC
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
occurs	O
in	O
most	O
primary	O
cases	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
high	O
proportion	O
of	O
primary	O
infections	B-DISO
with	O
an	O
ambiguous	O
link	O
to	O
camels	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
results	O
from	O
this	O
study	O
include	O
significant	O
correlations	O
between	O
primary	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
cases	O
and	O
camel	B-SPEC
populations	O
in	O
all	O
provinces	O
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
camel	B-SPEC
exposure	O
history	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
psychological	B-DISO
impact	O
of	O
quarantine	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
reduce	O
it	O
:	O
rapid	O
review	O
of	O
the	O
evidence	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
characteristics	O
and	O
imaging	O
manifestations	O
of	O
the	O
2019	B-DISO
novel	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
):	O
A	O
multi	O
-	O
center	O
study	O
in	O
Wenzhou	O
city	O
,	O
Zhejiang	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

We	O
analyzed	O
the	O
data	O
of	O
262	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
clinical	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
characteristics	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
Beijing	O
.	O

The	O
information	O
on	O
demographic	O
,	O
epidemiological	O
,	O
clinical	O
,	O
laboratory	O
test	O
for	O
the	O
COVID	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
19	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
,	O
diagnostic	O
classification	O
,	O
cluster	O
case	O
and	O
outcome	O
were	O
obtained	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
the	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
vessels	B-ANAT
enlargement	B-DISO
in	O
areas	O
where	O
new	O
lung	B-ANAT
infiltrates	B-DISO
develop	O
in	O
the	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
CT	O
scan	O
,	O
could	O
describe	O
an	O
early	O
predictor	O
radiological	O
sign	O
of	O
lung	B-ANAT
impairment	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
unprecedented	O
outbreak	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
of	O
unknown	O
aetiology	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
City	O
,	O
Hubei	O
province	O
in	O
China	O
emerged	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
disease	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
.	O

Of	O
these	O
125	O
herbs	O
,	O
26	O
are	O
classically	O
catalogued	O
as	O
treating	O
viral	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

Network	O
pharmacology	O
analysis	O
predicted	O
that	O
the	O
general	O
in	O
vivo	O
roles	O
of	O
these	O
26	O
herbal	O
plants	B-SPEC
were	O
related	O
to	O
regulating	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
immune	O
/	O
inflammation	B-DISO
reactions	O
and	O
hypoxia	B-DISO
response	O
.	O

Chinese	O
herbal	O
treatments	O
classically	O
used	O
for	O
treating	O
viral	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
might	O
contain	O
direct	O
anti	O
-	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
compounds	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
2019	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
reported	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
and	O
has	O
spread	O
internationally	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Extracorporeal	O
Membrane	B-COMP
Oxygenation	B-PROC
Support	O
for	O
Vaping	O
-	O
induced	O
Acute	O
Lung	B-ANAT
Injury	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
ongoing	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
associated	O
with	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
has	O
recently	O
emerged	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

These	O
three	O
different	O
kits	O
got	O
the	O
same	O
result	O
for	O
each	O
sample	O
and	O
the	O
positive	O
ratio	O
of	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
detection	O
for	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
was	O
only	O
47	O
.	O
4	O
%	O
in	O
the	O
suspect	O
patients	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
mechanism	O
underlying	O
the	O
deterioration	O
of	O
disease	O
is	O
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
article	O
reviews	O
the	O
influences	O
of	O
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
syndrome	O
on	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
corresponding	O
immunotherapies	O
to	O
resist	O
cytokine	B-DISO
storm	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effect	O
of	O
corticosteroid	B-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
propensity	O
-	O
matched	O
cohort	O
study	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
It	O
is	O
unclear	O
whether	O
corticosteroid	O
use	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
improves	O
survival	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
cause	O
china	O
epidemics	O
with	O
high	O
morbidity	O
and	O
mortality	O
,	O
the	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
been	O
transmitted	B-DISO
to	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
currently	O
no	O
evidence	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
can	O
be	O
transmitted	B-DISO
transplacentally	O
from	O
mother	O
to	O
the	O
newborn	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
describes	O
the	O
current	O
understanding	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
newborns	O
and	O
children	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
viruses	B-SPEC
similar	O
to	O
those	O
that	O
cause	O
serious	O
disease	O
in	O
humans	O
and	O
other	O
mammals	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
detected	O
in	O
apparently	O
healthy	O
bats	B-SPEC
.	O

These	O
include	O
filoviruses	O
,	O
paramyxoviruses	O
,	O
and	O
coronaviruses	O
that	O
cause	O
severe	O
diseases	O
such	O
as	O
Ebola	B-DISO
virus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
,	O
Marburg	B-DISO
haemorrhagic	I-DISO
fever	I-DISO
and	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
)	O
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Therapeutic	O
strategies	O
in	O
an	O
outbreak	O
scenario	O
to	O
treat	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
originating	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
will	O
demonstrate	O
how	O
to	O
applicate	O
appropriate	O
and	O
individual	O
management	O
for	O
lung	O
cancer	B-SPEC
patients	O
to	O
protect	O
them	O
from	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
2	O
Persons	O
with	O
Mild	O
Upper	O
Respiratory	B-DISO
Symptoms	I-DISO
on	O
a	O
Cruise	O
Ship	O
,	O
Japan	O
.	O

Eighty	O
-	O
three	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
including	O
25	O
severe	O
/	O
critical	O
cases	O
and	O
58	O
ordinary	O
cases	O
were	O
enrolled	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Persistence	O
and	O
clearance	O
of	O
viral	O
RNA	O
in	O
2019	B-DISO
novel	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
rehabilitation	O
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
infectivity	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
virus	O
in	O
different	O
body	B-ANAT
fluids	I-ANAT
,	O
secretions	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
excreta	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
early	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
2019	B-DISO
novel	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
has	O
caused	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
province	O
of	O
China	O
.	O

Five	O
million	O
people	O
emigrated	O
from	O
Wuhan	O
before	O
lockdown	O
,	O
potentially	O
representing	O
a	O
source	O
of	O
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
official	O
case	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
epidemic	O
was	O
collected	O
as	O
of	O
January	O
30	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

The	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
confirmed	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
cases	O
in	O
Hubei	O
province	O
accounted	O
for	O
59	O
.	O
91	O
%	O
(	O
5806	O
/	O
9692	O
)	O
and	O
95	O
.	O
77	O
%	O
(	O
204	O
/	O
213	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
total	O
cases	O
in	O
China	O
respectively	O
.	O

Bleeding	B-DISO
requiring	O
blood	B-ANAT
product	O
application	O
occurred	O
in	O
three	O
of	O
10	O
venovenous	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
patients	O
and	O
in	O
four	O
of	O
eight	O
venoarterial	O
extracorporeal	O
membrane	B-COMP
oxygenation	B-PROC
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Isolation	O
of	O
cases	O
and	O
contact	O
tracing	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
control	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
infectious	O
diseases	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
).	O

The	O
role	O
of	O
this	O
case	O
report	O
is	O
promotion	O
of	O
potential	O
recognition	O
amongst	O
radiologists	O
of	O
this	O
new	O
disease	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
declared	O
a	O
global	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
by	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
(	O
WHO	O
).	O

The	O
estimated	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
infections	B-DISO
among	O
passengers	O
without	O
close	O
contact	O
was	O
very	O
small	O
from	O
5	O
February	O
on	O
which	O
a	O
movement	B-PROC
restriction	O
policy	O
was	O
imposed	O
.	O

Micro	O
-	O
aerosol	O
generating	O
procedures	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
non	O
-	O
contact	O
tonometry	O
and	O
operations	O
under	O
general	O
anaesthesia	B-DISO
were	O
avoided	O
.	O

Third	O
,	O
universal	O
masking	O
,	O
hand	O
hygiene	O
,	O
and	O
appropriate	O
use	O
of	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
(	O
PPE	B-CHED
)	O
were	O
promoted	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
We	O
hope	O
our	O
initial	O
experience	O
in	O
stepping	B-DISO
up	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
for	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
ophthalmology	O
can	O
help	O
ophthalmologists	O
globally	O
to	O
prepare	O
for	O
the	O
potential	O
community	O
outbreak	O
or	O
pandemic	O
.	O

And	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
patients	O
with	O
a	O
positive	O
stool	B-ANAT
test	O
did	O
not	O
experience	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
had	O
nothing	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

These	O
results	O
may	O
help	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
the	O
changes	O
in	O
clinical	O
parameters	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

pulmonary	B-ANAT
rehabilitation	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
intervention	O
for	O
clinical	O
patients	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
cure	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
epidemic	O
factors	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
knowledge	O
of	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
were	O
discussed	O
in	O
this	O
paper	O
.	O

Source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
including	O
the	O
patients	O
,	O
asymptomatic	O
carrier	O
and	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
are	O
contagious	O
.	O

Routes	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
transmission	O
are	O
diversified	O
and	O
the	O
main	O
routes	O
of	O
transmission	O
for	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
are	O
droplet	O
transmission	O
and	O
close	O
contact	O
transmission	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
outbreak	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
disease	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
highlights	O
an	O
urgent	O
need	O
for	O
therapeutics	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
brief	O
review	O
,	O
we	O
summarize	O
the	O
broad	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
of	O
niclosamide	O
and	O
highlight	O
its	O
potential	O
clinical	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

Clinical	O
,	O
laboratory	O
,	O
and	O
radiologic	O
data	O
were	O
collected	O
,	O
including	O
PCR	O
cycle	O
threshold	O
values	O
from	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
and	O
viral	B-DISO
shedding	I-DISO
in	O
blood	B-ANAT
,	O
urine	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
stool	B-ANAT
.	O

Six	O
individuals	O
(	O
33	O
%)	O
required	O
supplemental	O
oxygen	B-CHED
;	O
of	O
these	O
,	O
2	O
required	O
intensive	O
care	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
first	O
18	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
Singapore	O
,	O
clinical	O
presentation	O
was	O
frequently	O
a	O
mild	O
respiratory	B-DISO
tract	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Airway	B-ANAT
Pressure	O
Release	B-PATH
Ventilation	O
as	O
a	O
Rescue	O
Therapy	O
in	O
Pediatric	O
Acute	B-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Distress	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
describe	O
experience	O
with	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
(	O
APRV	O
)	O
in	O
children	O
with	O
severe	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
refractory	O
to	O
conventional	O
low	O
tidal	O
volume	O
ventilation	O
.	O

This	O
retrospective	O
observational	O
study	O
was	O
performed	O
in	O
an	O
11	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
,	O
level	O
3	O
pediatric	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
.	O

Evaluation	O
was	O
made	O
of	O
30	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
receiving	O
airway	B-ANAT
pressure	O
release	B-PATH
ventilation	O
as	O
rescue	O
therapy	O
for	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

When	O
changed	O
from	O
conventional	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
to	O
APRV	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
an	O
expected	O
increase	O
in	O
the	O
SpO	O
The	O
results	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
support	O
the	O
hypothesis	O
that	O
APRV	O
may	O
offer	O
potential	O
clinical	O
advantages	O
for	O
ventilatory	O
management	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
considered	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
rescue	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
mode	O
in	O
pediatric	O
ARDS	B-DISO
patients	O
refractory	O
to	O
conventional	O
ventilation	O
.	O

Hence	O
immunomodulatory	O
activity	O
of	O
nafithromycin	O
,	O
a	O
novel	O
lactone	B-CHED
ketolide	O
antibacterial	B-CHED
agent	I-CHED
was	O
assessed	O
in	O
the	O
murine	B-SPEC
LPS	B-DISO
induced	O
ALI	O
model	O
.	O

Vehicle	O
,	O
nafithromycin	O
(	O
100	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
),	O
azithromycin	B-CHED
(	O
600	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
and	O
dexamethasone	B-CHED
(	O
20	O
mg	O
/	O
kg	O
)	O
were	O
administered	O
orally	B-ANAT
,	O
1	O
h	O
prior	O
to	O
LPS	B-DISO
challenge	O
and	O
bronchoalveolar	O
lavage	O
(	O
BAL	B-ENZY
)	O
fluid	O
was	O
collected	O
thereafter	O
at	O
18	O
,	O
24	O
and	O
48	O
h	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
total	O
cell	O
count	O
,	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
myeloperoxidase	B-PRGE
(	O
MPO	B-FUNC
),	O
tumor	B-FUNC
necrosis	I-FUNC
factor	I-FUNC
(	O
TNF	O
)-	O
α	O
and	O
interleukin	B-PRGE
(	O
IL	O
)-	O
6	O
.	O

Results	O
from	O
the	O
current	O
study	O
showed	O
that	O
pretreatment	O
with	O
nafithromycin	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
the	O
total	O
cell	B-COMP
count	O
,	O
total	O
protein	B-CHED
,	O
MPO	B-FUNC
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
α	I-PRGE
and	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
levels	O
in	O
BAL	B-ENZY
fluid	O
compared	O
to	O
LPS	B-DISO
control	O
group	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Pulmonary	B-ANAT
Complications	I-DISO
and	O
Sepsis	B-DISO
Following	O
Severe	O
Acute	B-DISO
Subdural	I-DISO
Hematoma	I-DISO
in	O
Patients	O
Who	O
Underwent	O
Craniotomy	O
versus	O
Craniectomy	O
:	O
A	O
Propensity	O
Score	O
Matched	O
Analysis	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Small	O
Molecule	O
Inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Fusion	O
by	O
Targeting	B-PROC
Cavities	B-DISO
on	O
Heptad	O
Repeat	O
Trimers	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
newly	O
emerging	O
viral	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
fatal	B-DISO
outcomes	I-DISO
.	O

Given	O
the	O
absence	O
of	O
previous	O
structure	O
-	O
based	O
drug	O
discovery	O
studies	O
targeting	B-PROC
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
fusion	I-PRGE
proteins	I-PRGE
,	O
this	O
set	O
of	O
compounds	O
is	O
considered	O
the	O
first	O
generation	O
of	O
MERS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
small	I-PRGE
molecule	I-PRGE
fusion	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
.	O

After	O
a	O
virtual	O
screening	O
campaign	O
of	O
1	O
.	O
56	O
million	O
compounds	O
followed	O
by	O
cell	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
cell	B-COMP
fusion	I-PROC
assay	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
plaques	B-DISO
inhibition	B-PROC
assay	O
,	O
three	O
new	O
compounds	O
were	O
identified	O
.	O

We	O
evaluated	O
the	O
recovery	O
from	O
lung	B-ANAT
damage	O
and	O
femoral	B-ANAT
head	I-ANAT
necrosis	B-PROC
in	O
an	O
observational	O
cohort	O
study	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
patients	O
using	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
CT	O
scans	O
,	O
hip	B-ANAT
joint	I-ANAT
MRI	O
examinations	O
,	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
tests	O
and	O
hip	B-ANAT
joint	I-ANAT
function	O
questionnaires	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
vaccines	O
based	O
on	O
viral	O
-	O
encoded	O
peptides	B-CHED
may	O
not	O
be	O
effective	O
against	O
future	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
epidemics	O
,	O
as	O
virus	B-SPEC
mutations	O
could	O
make	O
them	O
futile	O
.	O

This	O
idea	B-SPEC
is	O
based	O
on	O
observations	O
that	O
the	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
very	O
likely	O
serves	O
as	O
the	O
binding	B-FUNC
site	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
strain	O
implicated	O
in	O
the	O
current	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
epidemic	O
,	O
similarly	O
to	O
strain	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
implicated	O
in	O
the	O
2002	O
-	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
epidemic	O
.	O

This	O
commentary	O
elaborates	O
on	O
the	O
idea	B-SPEC
of	O
considering	O
AT1R	O
blockers	O
as	O
tentative	O
treatment	O
for	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
proposes	O
a	O
research	O
direction	O
based	O
on	O
datamining	O
of	O
clinical	O
patient	O
records	O
for	O
assessing	O
its	O
feasibility	O
.	O

Indications	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
testing	O
should	O
be	O
followed	O
strictly	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Prediction	O
modeling	O
with	O
data	O
fusion	O
and	O
prevention	O
strategy	O
analysis	O
for	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outbreak	O
].	O

,	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
has	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
due	O
to	O
population	O
movement	B-PROC
during	O
the	O
Spring	O
Festival	O
holidays	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
still	O
unclear	O
how	O
fast	B-FUNC
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
evolved	O
and	O
how	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
interacts	O
with	O
other	O
microorganisms	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
evolves	O
in	O
vivo	O
after	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
may	O
affect	O
its	O
virulence	B-PROC
,	O
infectivity	O
,	O
and	O
transmissibility	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
The	O
median	O
number	O
of	O
intra	O
-	O
host	B-COMP
variants	O
was	O
1	O
-	O
4	O
in	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
infected	O
patients	O
,	O
which	O
ranged	O
between	O
0	O
and	O
51	O
in	O
different	O
samples	O
.	O

Although	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
are	O
often	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
uniform	O
cell	B-COMP
population	O
,	O
several	O
phenotypic	O
and	O
functionally	O
distinct	O
NK	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
subsets	O
exist	O
in	O
healthy	O
individuals	O
,	O
that	O
are	O
differentially	O
affected	O
by	O
ageing	B-PROC
or	O
by	O
apparently	O
innocuous	O
viruses	B-SPEC
such	O
as	O
cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
).	O

The	O
main	O
idea	B-SPEC
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
model	O
,	O
called	O
FPASSA	O
-	O
ANFIS	O
,	O
is	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
ANFIS	O
by	O
determining	O
the	O
parameters	O
of	O
ANFIS	O
using	O
FPASSA	O
.	O

More	O
so	O
,	O
the	O
FPASSA	O
-	O
ANFIS	O
model	O
is	O
compared	O
to	O
several	O
existing	O
models	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
showed	O
better	O
performance	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
Mean	O
Absolute	O
Percentage	O
Error	O
(	O
MAPE	O
),	O
Root	B-ANAT
Mean	O
Squared	O
Relative	O
Error	O
(	O
RMSRE	O
),	O
Root	B-ANAT
Mean	O
Squared	O
Relative	O
Error	O
(	O
RMSRE	O
),	O
coefficient	O
of	O
determination	O
(	O
R	O
2	O
),	O
and	O
computing	O
time	O
.	O

While	O
Combating	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
Novel	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
.	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
revealed	O
in	O
1	O
(	O
7	O
.	O
7	O
%)	O
of	O
13	O
environmental	B-SPEC
samples	I-SPEC
,	O
but	O
not	O
in	O
8	O
air	B-CHED
samples	O
collected	O
at	O
a	O
distance	O
of	O
10	O
cm	O
from	O
patient	O
'	O
s	O
chin	B-ANAT
with	O
or	O
without	O
wearing	O
a	O
surgical	O
mask	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Improved	O
molecular	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
by	O
the	O
novel	O
,	O
highly	O
sensitive	O
and	O
specific	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
-	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
/	O
Hel	B-PRGE
real	O
-	O
time	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
-	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
assay	O
validated	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
On	O
31	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
clusters	O
of	O
viral	B-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
due	O
to	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
/	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
happened	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
in	O
China	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
late	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
cases	O
with	O
2019	O
Novel	O
Coronavirus	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
aroused	O
worldwide	O
concern	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Analysis	O
of	O
bronchoscope	O
-	O
guided	O
tracheal	O
intubation	O
in	O
12	O
cases	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
under	O
the	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
with	O
positive	O
pressure	O
protective	O
hood	O
].	O

The	O
9	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
who	O
involved	O
in	O
intubation	O
received	O
virus	B-SPEC
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
test	O
and	O
14	O
days	O
temperature	O
monitoring	O
.	O

The	O
9	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
were	O
protected	O
under	O
the	O
Personal	O
Protective	O
Equipment	O
(	O
PPE	B-CHED
)	O
with	O
positive	O
pressure	O
protective	O
hood	O
.	O

Patients	O
≥	O
18	O
years	O
of	O
age	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
included	O
.	O

The	O
mean	O
change	O
in	O
Pao	B-PROC
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Fixed	B-ANAT
-	O
dose	O
iEPO	O
was	O
comparable	O
to	O
iNO	B-PRGE
in	O
patients	O
with	O
moderate	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
for	O
oxygenation	B-PROC
and	O
ventilation	O
parameters	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
.	O

The	O
infection	B-DISO
occurs	O
with	O
a	O
unique	O
spectrum	O
of	O
bacterial	O
pathogens	O
that	O
are	O
usually	O
acquired	O
in	O
an	O
age	O
-	O
dependent	O
fashion	O
.	O

Fungi	B-SPEC
and	O
mycobacteria	B-SPEC
were	O
isolated	O
from	O
23	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
1	O
%)	O
and	O
four	O
(	O
3	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
children	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

All	O
the	O
patients	O
were	O
undergone	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
in	O
our	O
hospital	O
.	O

Thirteen	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
(	O
13	O
/	O
20	O
,	O
65	O
%)	O
had	O
an	O
identified	O
history	O
of	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
diagnosed	O
family	B-SPEC
members	O
.	O

Coinfection	B-DISO
(	O
8	O
/	O
20	O
,	O
40	O
%)	O
is	O
common	O
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
.	O

It	O
is	O
suggested	O
that	O
underlying	O
coinfection	B-DISO
may	O
be	O
more	O
common	O
in	O
pediatrics	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
consolidation	O
with	O
surrounding	O
halo	B-DISO
sign	I-DISO
which	O
is	O
considered	O
as	O
a	O
typical	O
sign	O
in	O
pediatric	O
patients	O
.	O

Consolidation	O
with	O
surrounding	O
halo	B-DISO
sign	I-DISO
was	O
observed	O
in	O
10	O
patients	O
(	O
10	O
/	O
20	O
,	O
50	O
%),	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
in	O
12	O
patients	O
(	O
12	O
/	O
20	O
,	O
60	O
%),	O
fine	O
mesh	O
shadow	O
was	O
observed	O
in	O
4	O
patients	O
(	O
4	O
/	O
20	O
,	O
20	O
%),	O
and	O
tiny	O
nodules	B-DISO
were	O
observed	O
in	O
3	O
patients	O
(	O
3	O
/	O
20	O
,	O
15	O
%).	O

The	O
therapeutic	O
potential	O
of	O
monoclonal	O
antibodies	B-COMP
has	O
been	O
well	O
recognized	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
many	O
diseases	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Lack	O
of	O
Vertical	B-DISO
Transmission	I-DISO
of	O
Severe	B-SPEC
Acute	I-SPEC
Respiratory	I-SPEC
Syndrome	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
,	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Cytomegalovirus	B-SPEC
(	O
CMV	B-SPEC
)	O
reactivation	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
in	O
adults	O
with	O
critical	B-DISO
illness	I-DISO
caused	O
by	O
diverse	O
etiologies	O
,	O
especially	O
severe	B-DISO
sepsis	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
observational	O
studies	O
have	O
linked	O
CMV	B-SPEC
reactivation	O
with	O
worse	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
in	O
this	O
setting	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
In	O
late	O
December	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
disease	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
newly	O
named	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
).	O

We	O
aimed	O
to	O
quantify	O
severity	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
on	O
High	O
-	O
Resolution	O
CT	O
and	O
to	O
determine	O
its	O
relationship	O
with	O
clinical	O
parameters	O
.	O

From	O
Jan	O
11	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
to	O
Feb	O
5	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
clinical	O
,	O
laboratory	O
and	O
HRCT	O
features	O
of	O
42	O
patients	O
(	O
26	O
-	O
75	O
years	O
,	O
25	O
males	O
)	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
were	O
analyzed	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
:	O
An	O
overview	O
.	O

COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
is	O
a	O
potential	O
zoonotic	O
disease	O
with	O
low	O
to	O
moderate	O
(	O
estimated	O
2	O
%-	O
5	O
%)	O
mortality	O
rate	O
.	O

Person	O
-	O
to	O
-	O
person	O
transmission	O
may	O
occur	O
through	O
droplet	O
or	O
contact	O
transmission	O
and	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
stringent	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
or	O
if	O
no	O
proper	O
personal	O
protective	O
equipment	O
available	O
,	O
it	O
may	O
jeopardize	O
the	O
first	O
-	O
line	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
.	O

The	O
disease	O
spread	O
widely	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
of	O
February	O
26	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
cases	O
had	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
36	O
other	O
countries	O
and	O
territories	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O

Although	O
the	O
origin	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
of	O
these	O
viruses	B-SPEC
are	O
still	O
unknown	O
and	O
their	O
occurrences	O
in	O
nature	O
are	O
mysterious	O
,	O
some	O
general	O
patterns	O
of	O
their	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
epidemics	O
are	O
noticeable	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
some	O
unique	O
factors	O
might	O
also	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
origination	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
in	O
Wuhan	O
.	O

Diagnosis	O
is	O
confirmed	O
with	O
PCR	O
based	O
testing	O
of	O
appropriate	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
samples	I-ANAT
.	O

Standard	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
and	O
prevention	O
techniques	O
should	O
be	O
followed	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
,	O
we	O
aim	O
to	O
highlight	O
the	O
necessity	O
of	O
implementing	O
protective	O
measures	O
,	O
and	O
recommend	O
how	O
to	O
set	O
proper	O
emergency	B-DISO
management	O
plans	O
for	O
preventing	O
and	O
controlling	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
in	O
dermatology	O
departments	O
.	O

COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
is	O
similar	O
to	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
virus	B-SPEC
in	O
its	O
pathogenicity	O
,	O
clinical	O
spectrum	O
,	O
and	O
epidemiology	O
.	O

Comparison	O
of	O
the	O
genome	O
sequences	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
showed	O
that	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
has	O
a	O
better	O
sequence	O
identity	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
compared	O
to	O
MERS	O
CoV	O
.	O
However	O
,	O
the	O
amino	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
sequence	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
differs	O
from	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
specifically	O
in	O
the	O
regions	O
of	O
1ab	O
polyprotein	O
and	O
surface	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
or	O
S	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
:	O
prevalence	O
,	O
biological	O
and	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
comparison	O
with	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Human	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
with	O
zoonotic	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
contain	O
emerging	O
and	O
reemerging	O
pathogenic	O
characteristics	O
which	O
have	O
raised	O
great	O
public	O
health	O
concern	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Using	O
the	O
parameterized	O
susceptible	O
-	O
exposed	O
-	O
infectious	O
-	O
recovered	O
model	O
,	O
we	O
simulated	O
the	O
spread	O
dynamics	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
and	O
impact	O
of	O
different	O
control	O
measures	O
,	O
conducted	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
analysis	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
key	O
factor	O
,	O
plotted	O
the	O
trend	O
curve	O
of	O
effective	O
reproductive	B-PROC
number	O
(	O
R	O
),	O
and	O
performed	O
data	O
fitting	B-DISO
after	O
the	O
simulation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
recent	O
emergence	O
of	O
the	O
novel	O
,	O
pathogenic	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
coronavirus	B-SPEC
2	I-PRGE
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
its	O
rapid	O
national	O
and	O
international	O
spread	O
pose	O
a	O
global	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
TMPRSS2	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
approved	O
for	O
clinical	O
use	O
blocked	O
entry	O
and	O
might	O
constitute	O
a	O
treatment	O
option	O
.	O

Our	O
results	O
reveal	O
important	O
commonalities	O
between	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
and	O
identify	O
a	O
potential	O
target	O
for	O
antiviral	B-CHED
intervention	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Nonstructural	O
proteins	B-CHED
NS7b	O
and	O
NS8	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
phylogenetically	O
associated	O
with	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
seventh	O
novel	O
human	B-SPEC
infecting	O
Betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
causes	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
originated	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronaviruses	O
(	O
CoVs	O
)	O
are	O
RNA	O
viruses	B-SPEC
that	O
have	O
become	O
a	O
major	O
public	O
health	O
concern	O
since	O
the	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
outbreak	O
in	O
2002	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
After	O
the	O
2019	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
outbreak	O
,	O
we	O
estimated	O
the	O
distribution	O
and	O
scale	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
5	O
million	O
migrants	O
residing	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
after	O
they	O
returned	O
to	O
their	O
hometown	O
communities	O
in	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
or	O
other	O
provinces	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2019	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
2013	O
-	O
2018	O
China	O
Migrants	O
Dynamic	O
Survey	O
(	O
CMDS	O
).	O

Their	O
social	O
characteristics	O
include	O
nuclear	O
family	O
migration	B-PROC
(	O
84	O
%),	O
migration	B-PROC
with	O
families	O
of	O
3	O
-	O
4	O
members	O
(	O
71	O
%),	O
a	O
rural	O
household	O
registration	O
(	O
85	O
%),	O
and	O
working	O
or	O
doing	O
business	O
(	O
84	O
%)	O
as	O
the	O
main	O
reason	O
for	O
migration	B-PROC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
2019	O
-	O
nCoV	O
is	O
officially	O
called	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
the	O
disease	O
is	O
named	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

Bats	B-SPEC
,	O
snakes	B-SPEC
and	O
pangolins	B-SPEC
have	O
been	O
cited	O
as	O
potential	O
carriers	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
sequence	O
homology	O
of	O
CoV	O
isolated	O
from	O
these	O
animals	B-SPEC
and	O
the	O
viral	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acids	I-CHED
of	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
isolated	O
from	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

Intermittent	O
sporadic	O
cases	O
,	O
community	O
clusters	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
nosocomial	O
outbreaks	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
continue	O
to	O
occur	O
.	O

We	O
employe	O
the	O
estimates	O
of	O
these	O
two	O
key	O
components	O
from	O
the	O
1918	O
influenza	B-DISO
pandemic	O
in	O
London	O
,	O
United	O
Kingdom	B-SPEC
,	O
incorporated	O
zoonotic	O
introductions	O
and	O
the	O
emigration	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
compute	O
future	O
trends	O
and	O
the	O
reporting	O
ratio	O
.	O

Accounting	O
for	O
right	O
truncation	B-DISO
and	O
analyzing	O
all	O
pairs	O
,	O
we	O
estimated	O
the	O
median	O
serial	O
interval	O
at	O
4	O
.	O
0	O
days	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
credible	O
interval	O
[	O
CrI	O
]:	O
3	O
.	O
1	O
,	O
4	O
.	O
9	O
).	O

From	O
February	O
5	O
,	O
2020	O
to	O
February	O
21	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
634	O
persons	O
were	O
infected	O
in	O
the	O
Diamond	B-CHED
Princess	O
Liner	O
.	O

Even	O
if	O
traditional	O
public	O
health	O
measures	O
are	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
fully	O
contain	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
,	O
they	O
will	O
still	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
reducing	O
peak	O
incidence	O
and	O
global	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
current	O
study	O
provides	O
the	O
first	O
serological	O
evidence	O
of	O
occupational	O
exposure	O
of	O
humans	B-SPEC
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
Africa	O
.	O

Overall	O
,	O
the	O
asymptomatic	O
carriers	O
identified	O
from	O
close	O
contacts	O
were	O
prone	O
to	O
be	O
mildly	O
ill	B-DISO
during	O
hospitalization	O
.	O

These	O
results	O
highlighted	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
close	O
contact	O
tracing	O
and	O
longitudinally	O
surveillance	O
via	O
virus	B-SPEC
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
tests	O
.	O

The	O
scientific	O
community	O
should	O
consider	O
this	O
information	O
in	O
light	O
of	O
previous	O
experiments	O
with	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
antiviral	B-CHED
research	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
ongoing	O
outbreak	O
of	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
that	O
began	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
has	O
constituted	O
a	O
Public	O
Health	O
Emergency	B-DISO
of	O
International	O
Concern	O
,	O
with	O
cases	O
confirmed	O
in	O
multiple	O
countries	O
.	O

Currently	O
patients	O
are	O
the	O
main	O
source	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Several	O
drugs	O
such	O
as	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
,	O
arbidol	O
,	O
remdesivir	O
,	O
and	O
favipiravir	O
are	O
currently	O
undergoing	O
clinical	O
studies	O
to	O
test	O
their	O
efficacy	O
and	O
safety	O
in	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
China	O
;	O
some	O
promising	O
results	O
have	O
been	O
achieved	O
thus	O
far	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clarithromycin	B-CHED
-	O
Associated	O
Acute	B-DISO
Liver	I-DISO
Failure	I-DISO
Leading	O
to	O
Fatal	O
,	O
Massive	O
Upper	B-ANAT
Gastrointestinal	I-ANAT
Hemorrhage	I-DISO
from	O
Profound	O
Coagulopathy	B-DISO
:	O
Case	O
Report	O
and	O
Systematic	O
Literature	O
Review	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
While	O
erythromycin	B-CHED
has	O
caused	O
numerous	O
cases	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
liver	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
ALF	B-DISO
),	O
clarithromycin	B-CHED
,	O
a	O
similar	O
macrolide	B-CHED
antibiotic	I-CHED
,	O
has	O
caused	O
only	O
six	O
reported	O
cases	O
of	O
ALF	B-DISO
.	O

A	O
new	O
case	O
of	O
clarithromycin	B-CHED
-	O
associated	O
ALF	B-PRGE
is	O
reported	O
with	O
hepatic	B-ANAT
histopathology	O
and	O
exclusion	O
of	O
other	O
etiologies	O
by	O
extensive	O
workup	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
syndrome	B-DISO
of	O
clarithromycin	B-CHED
-	O
associated	O
ALF	O
is	O
better	O
characterized	O
by	O
systematic	O
review	O
.	O

The	O
six	O
previously	O
reported	O
cases	O
were	O
limited	O
by	O
failure	O
to	O
exclude	O
hepatitis	B-DISO
E	I-DISO
(	O
4	O
),	O
lack	O
of	O
liver	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
(	O
2	O
),	O
and	O
uninterpretable	O
liver	B-ANAT
biopsy	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
and	O
by	O
confounding	O
potential	O
etiologies	O
including	O
disulfiram	B-CHED
,	O
israpidine	O
,	O
or	O
recent	O
acetaminophen	B-CHED
use	O
(	O
3	O
),	O
clarithromycin	B-CHED
overdose	O
(	O
1	O
),	O
active	O
alcohol	O
use	O
(	O
1	O
),	O
and	O
severe	O
heart	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
(	O
1	O
).	O

Upper	O
and	O
lower	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
secretion	B-PROC
samples	O
from	O
putative	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
were	O
inoculated	O
onto	O
cells	B-COMP
to	O
isolate	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Fear	O
can	O
be	O
more	O
harmful	O
than	O
the	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
in	O
controlling	O
the	O
corona	O
virus	B-PROC
disease	I-PROC
2019	O
epidemic	O
.	O

The	O
management	O
of	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
should	O
consider	O
investigation	O
and	O
empirical	O
coverage	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
likely	O
agents	O
based	O
on	O
syndromic	O
surveillance	O
data	O
from	O
hosting	O
country	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
other	O
relevant	O
exposure	O
history	O
during	O
events	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Repurposing	O
of	O
clinically	O
approved	O
drugs	O
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
2019	O
-	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
related	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
aims	O
to	O
repurpose	O
the	O
clinically	O
approved	O
drugs	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
a	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
related	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

Viral	O
yields	O
of	O
RNAs	O
and	O
infectious	B-DISO
particles	O
were	O
quantified	O
by	O
quantitative	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
qRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
and	O
plaque	B-DISO
assay	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

Plaque	B-DISO
assays	O
found	O
no	O
production	O
of	O
live	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
media	B-ANAT
containing	O
10	O
μmol	O
/	O
L	O
CEP	B-DISO
at	O
48	O
h	O
p	O
.	O
i	O
.	O

CEP	B-DISO
,	O
selamectin	O
and	O
mefloquine	B-CHED
hydrochloride	B-CHED
are	O
potential	O
drugs	O
for	O
treating	O
2019	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
nCoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
strongly	O
suggest	O
that	O
CEP	B-DISO
is	O
a	O
wide	O
-	O
spectrum	O
inhibitor	B-CHED
of	O
pan	B-COMP
-	O
betacoronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
and	O
clinical	O
trial	O
of	O
CEP	B-DISO
for	O
treatment	O
of	O
2019	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
nCoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
warranted	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effectiveness	O
of	O
glucocorticoid	B-CHED
therapy	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
pneumonia	B-DISO
:	O
protocol	O
of	O
a	O
randomized	O
controlled	O
trial	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
a	O
significant	O
fraction	O
of	O
these	O
patients	O
goes	B-SPEC
on	O
to	O
subsequently	O
develop	O
serious	O
lower	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

In	O
the	O
last	O
twenty	O
years	O
,	O
several	O
viral	O
epidemics	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
in	O
2002	O
to	O
2003	O
,	O
and	O
H1N1	B-DISO
influenza	I-DISO
in	O
2009	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
recorded	O
.	O

In	O
a	O
timeline	O
that	O
reaches	O
the	O
present	O
day	O
,	O
an	O
epidemic	O
of	O
cases	O
with	O
unexplained	O
low	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
detected	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
the	O
largest	O
metropolitan	O
area	O
in	O
China	O
'	O
s	O
Hubei	O
province	O
,	O
was	O
first	O
reported	O
to	O
the	O
WHO	O
Country	O
Office	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
on	O
December	O
31	O
,	O
2019	O
.	O

As	O
they	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
causative	O
agent	O
,	O
these	O
first	O
cases	O
were	O
classified	O
as	O
""""	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
of	O
unknown	O
etiology	O
.	O

On	O
February	O
11	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
WHO	O
Director	O
-	O
General	O
,	O
Dr	O
.	O
Tedros	O
Adhanom	O
Ghebreyesus	O
,	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
this	O
new	O
CoV	O
was	O
a	O
""""	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
","""	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
acronym	O
of	O
""""	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
"""."	O

In	O
the	O
past	O
twenty	O
years	O
,	O
two	O
additional	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
epidemics	O
have	O
occurred	O
.	O

Interestingly	O
,	O
these	O
latter	O
viruses	B-SPEC
have	O
probably	O
originated	O
from	O
bats	B-SPEC
and	O
then	O
moving	B-PROC
into	O
other	O
mammalian	B-SPEC
hosts	B-COMP
—	O
the	O
Himalayan	O
palm	B-ANAT
civet	B-SPEC
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
the	O
dromedary	B-SPEC
camel	B-SPEC
for	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
—	O
before	O
jumping	O
to	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

World	O
governments	O
are	O
at	O
work	O
to	O
establish	O
countermeasures	O
to	O
stem	B-ANAT
possible	O
devastating	O
effects	O
.	O

Many	O
uncertainties	O
remain	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
both	O
the	O
virus	B-PROC
-	I-PROC
host	B-COMP
interaction	I-PROC
and	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
epidemic	O
,	O
with	O
specific	O
reference	O
to	O
the	O
times	O
when	O
the	O
epidemic	O
will	O
reach	B-PROC
its	O
peak	O
.	O

Aggressive	B-DISO
isolation	O
measures	O
in	O
China	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
a	O
progressive	O
reduction	O
of	O
cases	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
few	O
days	O
.	O

Respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
specimens	O
were	O
negative	O
by	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
PCR	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Serologic	O
Detection	O
of	O
Middle	O
East	O
Respiratory	O
Syndrome	B-DISO
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Functional	O
Antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Mouse	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MHV	B-SPEC
)	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
known	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
that	O
uses	O
the	O
N	O
-	O
terminal	O
domain	O
(	O
NTD	O
)	O
of	O
its	O
spike	O
to	O
recognize	O
a	O
protein	B-CHED
receptor	O
,	O
CEACAM1a	O
.	O

The	O
trimeric	O
spike	O
contains	O
three	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
S1	O
heads	B-ANAT
sitting	O
on	O
top	B-PRGE
of	O
a	O
trimeric	O
membrane	B-COMP
-	O
fusion	O
S2	O
stalk	B-DISO
.	O

Using	O
protease	O
sensitivity	O
and	O
negative	O
-	O
stain	O
EM	O
analyses	O
,	O
we	O
further	O
showed	O
that	O
after	O
protease	O
treatment	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
,	O
receptor	B-FUNC
binding	I-FUNC
facilitated	O
the	O
dissociation	B-DISO
of	O
S1	O
from	O
S2	O
,	O
allowing	O
S2	O
to	O
transition	B-DISO
from	O
pre	O
-	O
fusion	O
to	O
post	O
-	O
fusion	O
conformation	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
Severe	B-SPEC
Acute	I-SPEC
Respiratory	I-SPEC
Syndrome	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
first	O
broke	O
out	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
(	O
China	O
)	O
and	O
subsequently	O
spread	O
worldwide	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Incubation	O
Period	O
of	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
From	O
Publicly	O
Reported	O
Confirmed	O
Cases	O
:	O
Estimation	O
and	O
Application	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
181	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
with	O
identifiable	O
exposure	O
and	O
symptom	B-DISO
onset	O
windows	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
incubation	O
period	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
median	O
incubation	O
period	O
was	O
estimated	O
to	O
be	O
5	O
.	O
1	O
days	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
,	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
to	O
5	O
.	O
8	O
days	O
),	O
and	O
97	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
develop	O
symptoms	O
will	O
do	O
so	O
within	O
11	O
.	O
5	O
days	O
(	O
CI	O
,	O
8	O
.	O
2	O
to	O
15	O
.	O
6	O
days	O
)	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

Our	O
results	O
support	O
current	O
proposals	O
for	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
quarantine	O
or	O
active	O
monitoring	O
of	O
persons	O
potentially	O
exposed	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
although	O
longer	O
monitoring	O
periods	B-PROC
might	O
be	O
justified	O
in	O
extreme	O
cases	O
.	O

U	O
.	O
S	O
.	O
Centers	O
for	O
Disease	O
Control	O
and	O
Prevention	O
,	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Allergy	B-DISO
and	O
Infectious	B-DISO
Diseases	I-DISO
,	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
General	O
Medical	O
Sciences	O
,	O
and	O
Alexander	O
von	O
Humboldt	O
Foundation	O
.	O

Clinical	O
records	O
,	O
laboratory	O
results	O
,	O
and	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
scans	O
were	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
for	O
nine	O
pregnant	O
women	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
(	O
ie	O
,	O
with	O
maternal	O
throat	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
samples	O
that	O
were	O
positive	O
for	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
[	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
])	O
who	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
Zhongnan	O
Hospital	O
of	O
Wuhan	O
University	O
,	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
from	O
Jan	B-PRGE
20	I-PRGE
to	O
Jan	B-PRGE
31	I-PRGE
,	O
2020	O
.	O

Seven	O
patients	O
presented	O
with	O
a	O
fever	B-PROC
.	O

Five	O
of	O
nine	O
patients	O
had	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
(<	O
1	O
·	O
0	O
×	O
10⁹	O
cells	B-COMP
per	O
L	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Compounds	O
with	O
therapeutic	O
potential	O
against	O
novel	O
respiratory	O
2019	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

Remdesivir	O
inhibited	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
tissue	B-ANAT
cultures	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
displayed	O
efficacy	O
in	O
non	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
animal	B-SPEC
models	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
the	O
human	B-DISO
immunodeficiency	I-DISO
virus	I-DISO
type	I-SPEC
1	I-SPEC
(	O
HIV	O
-	O
1	O
)	O
protease	B-PROC
inhibitors	I-PROC
,	O
lopinavir	O
/	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
beta	I-PRGE
(	O
LPV	O
/	O
RTV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
INFb	I-PRGE
)	O
were	O
shown	O
to	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
patients	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
LPV	O
/	O
RTV	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
INFb	I-PRGE
also	O
improved	O
clinical	O
parameters	O
in	O
marmosets	B-SPEC
and	O
mice	B-SPEC
infected	O
with	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
Remarkably	O
,	O
the	O
therapeutic	O
efficacy	O
of	O
remdesivir	O
appeared	O
to	O
be	O
superior	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
LPV	O
/	O
RTV	B-PRGE
-	O
INFb	B-PRGE
against	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
in	O
a	O
transgenic	O
humanized	O
mice	B-SPEC
model	O
.	O

The	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
facing	O
challenges	O
not	O
only	O
because	O
of	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
tourists	O
increasing	O
dramatically	O
after	O
the	O
relieving	O
of	O
epidemic	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
patients	O
with	O
other	O
diseases	O
return	O
from	O
different	O
areas	O
to	O
search	O
for	O
medical	O
care	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Unveiling	O
the	O
Origin	O
and	O
Transmission	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
has	O
caused	O
thousands	O
of	O
human	O
infections	B-DISO
in	O
China	O
since	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
raising	O
a	O
global	O
public	O
health	O
concern	O
.	O

Recent	O
studies	O
(	O
Huang	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
Chan	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
and	O
Zhou	O
et	O
al	O
.)	O
have	O
provided	O
timely	O
insights	O
into	O
its	O
origin	O
and	O
ability	O
to	O
spread	O
among	O
humans	B-SPEC
,	O
informing	O
infection	B-DISO
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
practices	O
.	O

Coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
(	O
S	O
)	O
glycoproteins	B-CHED
promote	O
entry	O
into	O
cells	B-COMP
and	O
are	O
the	O
main	O
target	O
of	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

Our	O
newly	O
developed	O
protocol	O
should	O
be	O
helpful	O
for	O
a	O
first	O
-	O
hand	O
screening	O
of	O
the	O
asymptomatic	O
virus	B-SPEC
-	O
carriers	O
for	O
further	O
prevention	O
of	O
transmission	O
and	O
early	O
intervention	O
and	O
treatment	O
for	O
the	O
rapidly	O
propagating	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
sixth	O
epidemiological	O
report	O
for	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
),	O
reported	O
in	O
Australia	O
as	O
at	O
19	O
:	O
00	O
Australian	O
Eastern	O
Daylight	O
Time	O
[	O
AEDT	O
]	O
7	O
March	O
2020	O
.	O

Among	O
38	O
cases	O
studied	O
,	O
21	O
were	O
linked	O
to	O
two	O
clusters	B-CHED
in	O
Germany	O
and	O
France	O
,	O
14	O
were	O
infected	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evaluation	O
of	O
a	O
quantitative	O
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
for	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
emerging	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
using	O
a	O
high	O
throughput	O
system	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Two	O
months	O
after	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	O
2	O
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
),	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
established	O
and	O
widespread	O
community	O
transmission	O
in	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
and	O
European	O
Economic	O
Area	O
(	O
EU	O
/	O
EEA	O
)	O
is	O
becoming	O
more	O
likely	O
.	O

Binary	O
logistic	O
regression	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
age	O
,	O
not	O
gender	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
risk	O
factor	O
for	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
fever	B-PROC
clinics	O
.	O

Cardiovascular	B-ANAT
,	O
digestive	B-PROC
and	O
endocrine	B-DISO
system	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
were	O
commonly	O
reported	O
,	O
except	O
previous	O
chronic	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
[	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COPD	B-DISO
),	O
asthma	B-PATH
,	O
bronchiectasis	B-DISO
]	O
that	O
were	O
surprisingly	O
underreported	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
a	O
second	O
derivative	O
model	O
to	O
characterize	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
epidemic	O
in	O
China	O
with	O
cumulatively	O
diagnosed	O
cases	O
during	O
the	O
first	O
2	O
months	O
.	O

The	O
case	O
highlights	O
possible	O
co	O
-	O
detection	O
of	O
known	O
respiratory	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
isolated	O
virus	B-SPEC
from	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
and	O
oropharyngeal	B-ANAT
specimens	O
from	O
this	O
patient	O
and	O
characterized	O
the	O
viral	O
sequence	O
,	O
replication	O
properties	O
,	O
and	O
cell	B-COMP
culture	O
tropism	B-PROC
.	O

Adenovirus	B-DISO
was	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
found	O
in	O
19	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
patients	O
.	O

Some	O
of	O
these	O
dashboards	O
and	O
applications	O
are	O
receiving	O
data	O
updates	O
in	O
near	O
-	O
real	O
-	O
time	O
(	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
writing	O
),	O
and	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
is	O
meant	O
for	O
individual	O
users	O
(	O
in	O
China	O
)	O
to	O
check	O
if	O
the	O
app	B-CHED
user	O
has	O
had	O
any	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
a	O
person	O
confirmed	O
or	O
suspected	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
infected	O
with	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
in	O
the	O
recent	O
past	O
.	O

Despite	O
its	O
putative	O
role	O
in	O
viral	O
RNA	B-PROC
replication	I-PROC
,	O
nsP13	O
readily	O
unwinds	O
duplex	O
DNA	O
by	O
cooperative	O
translocation	B-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Dysregulation	O
of	O
immune	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
in	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

Severe	O
cases	O
tend	O
to	O
have	O
lower	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
counts	O
,	O
higher	O
leukocytes	B-ANAT
counts	O
and	O
neutrophil	B-ANAT
-	O
lymphocyte	B-ANAT
-	O
ratio	O
(	O
NLR	O
),	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
lower	O
percentages	O
of	O
monocytes	B-ANAT
,	O
eosinophils	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
basophils	B-ANAT
.	O

Both	O
helper	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
and	O
suppressor	O
T	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
were	O
below	O
normal	O
levels	O
,	O
and	O
lower	O
level	O
of	O
helper	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
in	O
severe	O
group	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
also	O
have	O
lower	O
level	O
of	O
regulatory	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
more	O
obviously	O
damaged	O
in	O
severe	O
cases	O
.	O

Pregnant	O
women	O
are	O
susceptible	O
population	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
which	O
are	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
complications	O
and	O
even	O
progresse	O
to	O
severe	O
illness	O
.	O

We	O
report	O
a	O
case	O
of	O
neonatal	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
with	O
pharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
tested	O
positive	O
by	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
assay	O
36	O
hours	O
after	O
birth	B-PROC
.	O

All	O
patients	O
had	O
a	O
history	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
confirmed	O
case	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
or	O
travel	O
to	O
Hubei	O
before	O
illness	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
symptoms	O
were	O
fever	B-PROC
and	O
cough	B-DISO
.	O

Fifteen	O
(	O
78	O
.	O
95	O
%)	O
NCOVID	O
-	O
19	O
but	O
4	O
(	O
26	O
.	O
67	O
%)	O
NON	O
-	O
NCOVID	O
-	O
19	O
patients	O
had	O
bilateral	O
involvement	O
while	O
17	O
(	O
89	O
.	O
47	O
%)	O
NCOVID	O
-	O
19	O
but	O
1	O
(	O
6	O
.	O
67	O
%)	O
NON	O
-	O
NCOVID	O
-	O
19	O
patients	O
had	O
multiple	O
mottling	O
and	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacity	B-DISO
of	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
images	O
.	O

Compared	O
to	O
NON	O
-	O
NCOVID	O
-	O
19	O
,	O
NCOVID	O
-	O
19	O
present	O
remarkably	O
more	O
abnormal	O
laboratory	O
tests	O
including	O
AST	B-PRGE
,	O
ALT	B-FUNC
,	O
γ	O
-	O
GT	O
,	O
LDH	B-PRGE
and	O
α	O
-	O
HBDH	O
.	O

A	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
of	O
eligible	O
studies	O
that	O
summarized	O
the	O
prevalence	O
of	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
metabolic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
in	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
and	O
compared	O
the	O
incidences	O
of	O
the	O
comorbidities	O
in	O
ICU	O
/	O
severe	O
and	O
non	O
-	O
ICU	O
/	O
severe	O
patients	O
was	O
performed	O
.	O

The	O
incidence	O
of	O
acute	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
injury	O
was	O
about	O
13	O
folds	O
higher	O
in	O
ICU	O
/	O
severe	O
patients	O
compared	O
with	O
the	O
non	O
-	O
ICU	O
/	O
severe	O
patients	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Patients	O
with	O
previous	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
metabolic	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
may	O
face	B-DISO
a	O
greater	O
risk	O
of	O
developing	O
into	O
the	O
severe	O
condition	B-DISO
and	O
the	O
comorbidities	O
can	O
also	O
greatly	O
affect	O
the	O
prognosis	O
of	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
describe	O
the	O
outbreak	O
response	O
measures	O
of	O
the	O
anesthetic	O
department	O
staffing	O
the	O
largest	O
(	O
1	O
,	O
700	O
-	O
bed	B-DISO
)	O
academic	O
tertiary	O
level	O
acute	O
care	O
hospital	O
in	O
Singapore	O
(	O
Singapore	O
General	O
Hospital	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
smaller	O
regional	O
hospital	O
(	O
Sengkang	O
General	O
Hospital	O
).	O

Population	O
coverage	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
putative	O
helper	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
-	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
and	O
CTL	B-ANAT
epitopes	O
could	O
cover	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
population	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
60	O
geographical	O
regions	O
.	O

How	O
Is	O
the	O
World	O
Responding	O
to	O
the	O
2019	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Disease	O
Compared	O
with	O
the	O
2014	O
West	O
African	O
Ebola	O
Epidemic	O
?	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	O
disease	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
has	O
become	O
an	O
important	O
public	O
health	O
issue	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O

The	O
main	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
were	O
respiratory	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
and	O
occasional	O
gastrointestinal	B-DISO
symptoms	I-DISO
.	O

As	O
of	O
February	O
26	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
has	O
been	O
recognized	O
in	O
34	O
countries	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
80	O
,	O
239	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
and	O
2	O
,	O
700	O
deaths	B-PROC
.	O

For	O
dental	O
practices	O
and	O
hospitals	O
in	O
areas	O
that	O
are	O
(	O
potentially	O
)	O
affected	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
strict	O
and	O
effective	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
protocols	O
are	O
urgently	O
needed	O
.	O

This	O
article	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
our	O
experience	O
and	O
relevant	O
guidelines	O
and	O
research	O
,	O
introduces	O
essential	O
knowledge	O
about	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
and	O
nosocomial	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
dental	O
settings	O
and	O
provides	O
recommended	O
management	O
protocols	O
for	O
dental	O
practitioners	O
and	O
students	O
in	O
(	O
potentially	O
)	O
affected	O
areas	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Surveillance	O
and	O
Taxonomic	O
Analysis	O
of	O
the	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Dominant	O
in	O
Pigeons	B-SPEC
in	O
China	O
.	O

In	O
our	O
previous	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
proposed	O
that	O
the	O
CoVs	O
dominant	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
mainly	O
circulating	O
)	O
in	O
ducks	B-SPEC
(	O
DdCoVs	O
)	O
should	O
represent	O
a	O
novel	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
was	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
one	O
represented	O
by	O
the	O
CoVs	B-PRGE
dominant	I-PRGE
in	I-PRGE
chickens	I-PRGE
(	O
CdCoVs	O
).	O

The	O
surveillance	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
CdCoVs	O
,	O
DdCoVs	O
and	O
the	O
CoVs	O
dominant	O
in	O
pigeons	B-SPEC
(	O
PdCoVs	O
)	O
belong	O
to	O
different	O
lineages	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
all	O
prevalent	O
in	O
live	O
poultry	O
markets	O
and	O
the	O
backyard	O
flocks	O
in	O
some	O
regions	O
of	O
China	O
.	O

We	O
further	O
sequenced	O
seven	O
Coronaviridae	O
-	O
wide	O
conserved	O
domains	O
in	O
their	O
replicase	B-PRGE
polyprotein	O
pp1ab	O
of	O
seven	O
PdCoVs	O
,	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
genetic	O
distances	O
in	O
these	O
domains	O
between	O
PdCoVs	O
and	O
DdCoVs	O
or	O
CdCoVs	O
are	O
large	O
enough	O
to	O
separate	O
PdCoVs	O
into	O
a	O
novel	O
species	B-SPEC
,	O
which	O
were	O
different	O
from	O
the	O
ones	O
represented	O
by	O
DdCoVs	O
or	O
CdCoVs	O
within	O
the	O
genus	B-SPEC
Gammacoronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
per	O
the	O
species	B-SPEC
demarcation	O
criterion	O
of	O
International	O
Committee	O
on	O
Taxonomy	O
of	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
pCCoV	O
positive	O
samples	O
were	O
also	O
tested	O
for	O
other	O
canine	O
viruses	B-SPEC
,	O
showing	O
coinfections	B-DISO
mainly	O
with	O
canine	O
parvovirus	B-DISO
.	O

We	O
estimate	O
the	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
(	O
R	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
preventive	O
measures	O
,	O
assuming	O
that	O
the	O
effect	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
from	O
29	O
-	O
Feb	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
analyzed	O
global	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
epidemiological	O
trends	O
,	O
examined	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
pandemic	O
on	O
global	O
health	O
security	O
,	O
diplomacy	O
,	O
and	O
social	O
environment	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
provided	O
short	O
-	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
strategic	O
policy	O
recommendations	O
for	O
China	O
'	O
s	O
subsequent	O
preparedness	O
and	O
responses	O
.	O

Common	O
presentations	O
of	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
include	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
fatigue	B-DISO
,	O
dry	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
,	O
upper	O
airway	B-ANAT
congestion	B-DISO
,	O
sputum	B-PROC
production	I-PROC
,	O
shortness	B-DISO
of	I-DISO
breath	I-DISO
,	O
myalgia	B-DISO
/	O
arthralgia	B-DISO
with	O
lymphopenia	B-DISO
,	O
prolonged	O
prothrombin	B-PRGE
time	O
,	O
elevated	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
elevated	O
lactate	B-PRGE
dehydrogenase	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
""""	O
Keep	O
it	O
short	O
and	O
sweet	B-PROC
""":"	O
Improving	O
risk	O
communication	O
to	O
family	B-SPEC
physicians	O
during	O
public	O
health	O
crises	O
.	O

On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
screening	O
(	O
fever	B-PROC
)	O
is	O
the	O
major	O
test	O
performed	O
at	O
points	O
of	O
entry	O
,	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
airports	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
returning	O
travelers	O
in	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
countries	O
with	O
limited	O
resources	O
.	O

A	O
14	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
boy	O
with	O
refractory	O
B	B-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
precursor	O
acute	B-DISO
lymphoblastic	I-DISO
leukemia	I-DISO
given	O
chimeric	O
antigen	B-CHED
receptor	O
cells	B-COMP
developed	O
severe	O
cytokine	B-DISO
release	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
7	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
drug	O
product	O
infusion	O
with	O
progressive	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Which	O
sampling	O
method	O
for	O
the	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
specimen	O
should	O
be	O
taken	O
to	O
diagnose	O
patient	O
with	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
?]	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
is	O
raging	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
resulted	O
great	O
dangers	O
in	O
people	O
'	O
s	O
life	O
and	O
national	O
economy	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
international	O
guidelines	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
no	O
recommended	O
level	O
of	O
upper	B-ANAT
respiratory	I-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
sampling	O
method	O
is	O
proposed	O
.	O

We	O
wish	O
this	O
review	O
is	O
helpful	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Interrupting	O
transmission	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
:	O
lessons	O
from	O
containment	O
efforts	O
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O

For	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
RNA	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
dependent	I-PRGE
RNA	I-PRGE
polymerase	I-PRGE
(	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
)	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
protease	O
that	O
catalyzes	O
the	O
replication	O
of	O
RNA	O
from	O
RNA	O
template	O
and	O
is	O
an	O
attractive	O
therapeutic	O
target	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
screened	O
these	O
chemical	O
structures	O
from	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicinal	O
compounds	O
proven	O
to	O
show	O
antiviral	B-CHED
activity	O
in	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
similar	O
chemical	O
structures	O
through	O
a	O
molecular	O
docking	B-PROC
study	O
to	O
target	O
RdRp	B-FUNC
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
retrieved	O
95	O
full	O
-	O
length	O
genomic	O
sequences	O
of	O
SARAS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
2	O
strains	O
from	O
the	O
National	O
Center	O
for	O
Biotechnology	O
Information	O
and	O
GISAID	O
databases	O
,	O
established	O
the	O
reference	O
sequence	O
by	O
conducting	B-PROC
multiple	O
sequence	O
alignment	O
and	O
phylogenetic	O
analyses	O
,	O
and	O
analyzed	O
sequence	O
variations	O
along	O
the	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
genome	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Effectiveness	O
of	O
N95	O
respirators	O
versus	O
surgical	O
masks	O
against	O
influenza	B-DISO
:	O
A	O
systematic	O
review	O
and	O
meta	O
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

There	O
were	O
no	O
statistically	O
significant	O
differences	O
in	O
preventing	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
influenza	B-DISO
(	O
RR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
09	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
92	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
28	O
,	O
P	O
>	O
.	O
05	O
),	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
respiratory	O
viral	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
(	O
RR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
89	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
70	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
11	O
),	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
RR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
74	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
42	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
29	O
)	O
and	O
influenzalike	O
illness	O
(	O
RR	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
61	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
0	O
.	O
33	O
-	O
1	O
.	O
14	O
)	O
using	O
N95	O
respirators	O
and	O
surgical	O
masks	O
.	O

Retrospective	O
cohort	O
study	O
of	O
201	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
admitted	O
to	O
Wuhan	O
Jinyintan	O
Hospital	O
in	O
China	O
between	O
December	O
25	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
and	O
January	O
26	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
treatment	O
with	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
may	O
be	O
beneficial	O
for	O
patients	O
who	O
develop	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Computed	O
tomography	O
scans	O
of	O
patients	O
helped	O
monitor	O
the	O
changes	O
continuously	O
,	O
which	O
could	O
timely	O
provide	O
the	O
information	O
of	O
the	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
disease	O
or	O
therapeutic	O
effect	O
to	O
clinicians	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Case	O
-	O
Fatality	O
Risk	O
Estimates	O
for	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
Calculated	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
first	O
case	O
of	O
2019	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
disease	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
was	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Wuhan	O
in	O
the	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
of	O
China	O
,	O
the	O
epidemic	O
has	O
generated	O
tens	O
of	O
thousands	O
of	O
cases	O
throughout	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
elevated	O
death	B-PROC
risk	O
estimates	O
are	O
probably	O
associated	O
with	O
a	O
breakdown	B-DISO
of	O
the	O
healthcare	O
system	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
enhanced	O
public	O
health	O
interventions	O
,	O
including	O
social	O
distancing	O
and	O
movement	B-PROC
restrictions	O
,	O
should	O
be	O
implemented	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
epidemic	O
under	O
control	O
.	O

Meanwhile	O
,	O
several	O
independent	O
research	O
groups	O
have	O
identified	O
that	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
2	O
belongs	O
to	O
β	O
-	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
with	O
highly	O
identical	O
genome	O
to	O
bat	B-ENZY
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
pointing	O
to	O
bat	B-ENZY
as	O
the	O
natural	O
host	B-COMP
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
few	O
specific	O
antiviral	B-CHED
strategies	O
,	O
but	O
several	O
potent	O
candidates	O
of	O
antivirals	B-CHED
and	O
repurposed	O
drugs	O
are	O
under	O
urgent	O
investigation	O
.	O

Region	O
IV	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
driving	O
force	O
for	O
GRP78	B-PRGE
binding	B-FUNC
with	O
the	O
predicted	O
binding	B-FUNC
affinity	O
of	O
-	O
9	O
.	O
8	O
kcal	O
/	O
mol	O
.	O

The	O
docking	B-PROC
pose	O
revealed	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
the	O
SBDβ	O
of	O
GRP78	B-PRGE
and	O
the	O
receptor	O
-	O
binding	B-FUNC
domain	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
in	O
recognition	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-PRGE
cell	I-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
.	O

Front	O
-	O
line	O
nurses	O
are	O
engaged	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
providing	O
care	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

Within	O
2	O
mo	O
since	O
the	O
outbreak	O
was	O
first	O
reported	O
on	O
December	O
31	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
566	O
Severe	B-DISO
Acute	I-DISO
Respiratory	I-DISO
Syndrome	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
cases	O
have	O
been	O
confirmed	O
in	O
26	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O

We	O
estimate	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
these	O
control	O
measures	O
and	O
investigate	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
airport	O
travel	O
network	O
on	O
the	O
global	O
spread	O
of	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
779	O
cases	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
632	O
to	O
967	O
)	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
exported	O
by	O
February	O
15	O
,	O
2020	O
without	O
any	O
border	B-ANAT
or	O
travel	O
restrictions	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
travel	O
lockdowns	O
enforced	O
by	O
the	O
Chinese	O
government	O
averted	O
70	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
(	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
:	O
68	O
.	O
8	O
to	O
72	O
.	O
0	O
%)	O
of	O
these	O
cases	O
.	O

Through	O
scRNA	O
-	O
seq	O
data	O
analyses	O
,	O
we	O
identified	O
the	O
organs	B-ANAT
at	O
risk	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
heart	B-ANAT
,	O
esophagus	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
bladder	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
ileum	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
located	O
specific	O
cell	O
types	O
(	O
i	O
.	O
e	O
.,	O
type	O
II	O
alveolar	B-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
(	O
AT2	B-CHED
),	O
myocardial	O
cells	B-COMP
,	O
proximal	B-ANAT
tubule	I-ANAT
cells	B-COMP
of	O
the	O
kidney	B-ANAT
,	O
ileum	B-ANAT
and	O
esophagus	B-ANAT
epithelial	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
,	O
and	O
bladder	B-ANAT
urothelial	O
cells	B-COMP
),	O
which	O
are	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
2019	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
nCoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
publicly	O
available	O
data	O
on	O
human	B-SPEC
cases	O
of	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
reported	O
in	O
Saudi	O
Arabia	O
(	O
2012	O
-	O
2018	O
)	O
were	O
sourced	O
from	O
the	O
FluTrackers	O
,	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
,	O
Saudi	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Health	O
,	O
and	O
published	O
literature	O
associated	O
with	O
MERS	O
outbreaks	O
investigations	O
.	O

Lung	B-ANAT
lesions	O
have	O
been	O
considered	O
as	O
the	O
major	O
damage	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
):	O
What	O
we	O
know	O
?	O

This	O
causative	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
temporarily	O
named	O
as	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
and	O
the	O
relevant	O
infected	O
disease	O
has	O
been	O
named	O
as	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
by	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
respectively	O
.	O

The	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
epidemic	O
is	O
spreading	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
all	O
over	O
the	O
world	O
now	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
and	O
Rationally	O
Layered	B-ANAT
Social	O
Distancing	O
.	O

As	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
is	O
unfolding	O
,	O
every	O
day	O
is	O
marked	O
by	O
novel	O
developments	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	O
2	O
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
95	O
333	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
as	O
of	O
March	O
5	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

We	O
combined	O
a	O
stochastic	O
transmission	O
model	O
with	O
data	O
on	O
cases	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
and	O
international	O
cases	O
that	O
originated	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
to	O
estimate	O
how	O
transmission	O
had	O
varied	O
over	O
time	O
during	O
January	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
and	O
February	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

Wellcome	O
Trust	O
,	O
Health	O
Data	O
Research	O
UK	O
,	O
Bill	B-ANAT
&	O
Melinda	B-SPEC
Gates	O
Foundation	O
,	O
and	O
National	O
Institute	O
for	O
Health	O
Research	O
.	O

Previous	O
epidemiological	O
investigations	O
and	O
animal	B-SPEC
experiments	O
suggest	O
aerosol	O
could	O
perform	O
as	O
virus	B-SPEC
transmitter	O
.	O

This	O
pathogenic	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
swabs	O
performed	O
on	O
the	O
throat	B-ANAT
and	O
nose	B-ANAT
of	O
patients	O
who	O
suffer	B-DISO
from	O
or	O
are	O
suspected	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

IL	O
-	O
37	O
performs	O
its	O
immunosuppressive	O
activity	O
by	O
acting	O
on	O
mTOR	B-PRGE
and	O
increasing	O
the	O
adenosine	B-CHED
monophosphate	I-CHED
(	O
AMP	O
)	O
kinase	O
.	O

This	O
cytokine	O
inhibits	O
class	B-SPEC
II	B-PRGE
histocompatibility	I-PRGE
complex	I-PRGE
(	O
MHC	B-PROC
)	O
molecules	O
and	O
inflammation	B-DISO
in	O
inflammatory	O
diseases	O
by	O
suppressing	O
MyD88	B-PRGE
and	O
subsequently	O
IL	O
-	O
1β	O
,	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
,	O
TNF	B-PRGE
and	O
CCL2	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
New	O
insights	O
on	O
the	O
antiviral	B-CHED
effects	O
of	O
chloroquine	B-CHED
against	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
:	O
what	O
to	O
expect	O
for	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
?	O

SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
is	O
the	O
aetiological	O
agent	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
characterised	O
by	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
feature	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
elderly	O
patients	O
:	O
a	O
comparison	O
with	O
young	O
and	O
middle	O
-	O
aged	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
progression	O
of	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
Shanghai	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
primary	O
endpoint	O
was	O
a	O
negative	O
conversion	O
rate	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
from	O
the	O
date	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
diagnosis	O
(	O
day7	O
,	O
day14	O
),	O
and	O
assessed	O
whether	O
the	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
was	O
progressing	O
or	O
improving	O
by	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
(	O
day7	O
).	O

The	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
scans	O
were	O
improving	O
for	O
11	O
(	O
69	O
%)	O
of	O
16	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
combination	O
group	O
after	O
seven	O
days	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
5	O
(	O
29	O
%)	O
of	O
17	O
in	O
the	O
monotherapy	O
group	O
(	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
·	O
05	O
).	O

At	O
least	O
six	O
neighboring	O
countries	O
(	O
Bahrain	O
,	O
Iraq	O
,	O
Kuwait	O
,	O
Oman	O
,	O
Afghanistan	O
and	O
Pakistan	O
)	O
have	O
reported	O
imported	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
cases	O
from	O
Iran	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
D	O
-	O
dimer	O
and	O
FDP	O
values	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
were	O
higher	O
than	O
those	O
in	O
patients	O
with	O
milder	O
forms	O
.	O

Compared	O
with	O
healthy	O
controls	O
,	O
prothrombin	B-PRGE
time	O
activity	O
(	O
PT	O
-	O
act	O
)	O
was	O
lower	O
in	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Potential	O
preanalytical	O
and	O
analytical	O
vulnerabilities	O
in	O
the	O
laboratory	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
).	O

As	O
the	O
current	O
gold	B-CHED
standard	O
for	O
the	O
etiological	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
(	O
real	O
time	O
)	O
reverse	B-PROC
transcription	I-PROC
polymerase	O
chain	O
reaction	O
(	O
rRT	O
-	O
PCR	O
)	O
on	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
tract	I-ANAT
specimens	O
,	O
the	O
diagnostic	O
accuracy	O
of	O
this	O
technique	O
shall	O
be	O
considered	O
a	O
foremost	O
prerequisite	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Diagnosis	O
and	O
clinical	O
management	O
of	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
infection	O
:	O
an	O
operational	O
recommendation	O
of	O
Peking	O
Union	O
Medical	O
College	O
Hospital	O
(	O
V2	O
.	O
0	O
).	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
was	O
named	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
by	O
the	O
International	O
Committee	O
on	O
Taxonomy	O
of	O
Viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Equine	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
Associated	O
Colitis	B-DISO
in	O
Horses	B-SPEC
:	O
A	O
Retrospective	O
Study	O
.	O

ECoV	O
should	O
be	O
included	O
as	O
a	O
differential	O
diagnosis	O
for	O
individual	O
horses	B-SPEC
presenting	O
with	O
anorexia	B-DISO
,	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
lethargy	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
colitis	B-DISO
.	O

However	O
,	O
clinical	O
use	O
should	O
either	O
adhere	O
to	O
the	O
Monitored	O
Emergency	B-DISO
Use	O
of	O
Unregistered	O
Interventions	O
(	O
MEURI	O
)	O
framework	O
or	O
be	O
ethically	O
approved	O
as	O
a	O
trial	O
as	O
stated	O
by	O
the	O
World	O
Health	O
Organization	O
.	O

These	O
foundational	O
results	O
are	O
being	O
advanced	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
current	O
worldwide	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
epidemic	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Applications	O
of	O
google	O
search	O
trends	O
for	O
risk	O
communication	O
in	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
management	O
:	O
A	O
case	O
study	O
of	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
outbreak	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
.	O

We	O
retrieved	O
GT	O
data	O
for	O
the	O
specific	O
locations	O
of	O
Taiwan	O
nationwide	O
and	O
subregions	O
using	O
defined	O
search	O
terms	O
related	O
to	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
handwashing	O
,	O
and	O
face	B-DISO
masks	O
.	O

Searches	O
related	O
to	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
and	O
face	B-DISO
masks	O
in	O
Taiwan	O
increased	O
rapidly	O
,	O
following	O
the	O
announcements	O
of	O
Taiwan	O
'	O
first	O
imported	O
case	O
and	O
reached	O
its	O
peak	O
as	O
local	O
cases	O
were	O
reported	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Prevalence	O
of	O
comorbidities	O
in	O
the	O
novel	O
Wuhan	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
infection	B-DISO
:	O
a	O
systematic	O
review	O
and	O
meta	O
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

The	O
most	O
prevalent	O
comorbidity	O
were	O
hypertension	B-DISO
(	O
17	O
±	O
7	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
14	O
-	O
22	O
%)	O
and	O
diabetes	B-DISO
(	O
8	O
±	O
6	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
6	O
-	O
11	O
%	O
),	O
followed	O
by	O
cardiovascular	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
(	O
5	O
±	O
4	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
4	O
-	O
7	O
%	O
)	O
and	O
respiratory	B-DISO
system	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
2	O
±	O
0	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
-	O
3	O
%	O
).	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Eight	O
studies	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
,	O
including	O
46248	O
infected	O
patients	O
.	O

Viral	O
load	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
radiography	O
and	O
eosinophil	B-ANAT
improved	O
continuously	O
in	O
3	O
-	O
14	O
,	O
6	O
-	O
8	O
and	O
7	O
-	O
9	O
days	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

After	O
adjustment	O
,	O
those	O
with	O
refractory	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
were	O
also	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
male	O
sex	O
and	O
manifestations	O
of	O
anorexia	B-DISO
and	O
fever	B-PROC
on	O
admission	O
,	O
and	O
receive	O
oxygen	B-CHED
,	O
expectorant	O
and	O
adjunctive	O
agents	O
(	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
)	O
when	O
considering	O
the	O
factors	O
of	O
disease	O
severity	O
on	O
admission	O
,	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
,	O
and	O
ICU	O
transfer	O
.	O

The	O
patients	O
with	O
male	O
sex	O
,	O
anorexia	B-DISO
and	O
no	O
fever	B-PROC
on	O
admission	O
predicted	O
poor	O
efficacy	O
.	O

Coinfection	B-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
COV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
and	O
other	O
viruses	B-SPEC
has	O
been	O
discussed	O
as	O
well	O
.	O

Extensive	O
epidemiological	O
,	O
viral	O
immunological	O
,	O
and	O
current	O
clinical	O
evidences	O
support	O
the	O
possibility	O
that	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
fibrosis	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
major	O
complications	O
in	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
ongoing	O
outbreak	O
of	O
pneumonia	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
[	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
)-	O
2	O
],	O
named	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
hit	O
a	O
major	O
city	O
of	O
China	O
,	O
Wuhan	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
and	O
subsequently	O
spread	O
to	O
other	O
provinces	O
/	O
regions	O
of	O
China	O
and	O
overseas	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
study	O
,	O
we	O
used	O
a	O
purely	O
data	O
-	O
driven	O
statistical	O
method	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
CFR	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Our	O
early	O
estimates	O
suggest	O
that	O
the	O
CFR	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
is	O
lower	O
than	O
the	O
previous	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
epidemics	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
(	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Clinical	O
features	O
of	O
deaths	B-PROC
in	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
epidemic	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

A	O
Review	O
of	O
Coronaviruses	O
and	O
Ocular	B-ANAT
Implications	O
in	O
Humans	B-SPEC
and	O
Animals	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
ocular	B-PROC
implications	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
CoV	O
infections	B-DISO
have	O
not	O
been	O
widely	O
studied	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
CoVs	O
have	O
been	O
known	O
to	O
cause	O
various	O
ocular	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
in	O
animals	B-SPEC
.	O

Older	O
patients	O
or	O
those	O
with	O
underlying	O
comorbidities	O
are	O
at	O
higher	O
risk	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
likely	O
aggregated	O
effect	O
of	O
seasonal	O
variation	O
,	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
measures	O
,	O
and	O
transmission	O
rate	O
variation	O
is	O
a	O
prolonged	O
pandemic	O
wave	O
with	O
lower	O
prevalence	O
at	O
any	O
given	O
time	O
,	O
thereby	O
providing	O
a	O
window	O
of	O
opportunity	O
for	O
better	O
preparation	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
systems	O
.	O

We	O
also	O
predict	O
the	O
unique	O
N	O
-	O
and	O
O	O
-	O
linked	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
sites	O
of	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
that	O
distinguish	O
it	O
from	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
and	O
underlines	O
shielding	O
and	O
camouflage	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
from	O
the	O
host	B-COMP
the	O
defence	O
system	O
.	O

Furthermore	O
,	O
our	O
study	O
also	O
highlights	O
the	O
key	O
finding	O
that	O
the	O
S1	B-PRGE
domain	I-PRGE
of	O
COVID	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
19	I-PRGE
spike	I-PRGE
glycoprotein	B-CHED
potentially	O
interacts	O
with	O
the	O
human	B-SPEC
CD26	O
,	O
a	O
key	O
immunoregulatory	O
factor	O
for	O
hijacking	O
and	O
virulence	B-PROC
.	O

One	O
week	O
later	O
,	O
she	O
was	O
hospitalised	O
with	O
pneumonia	O
and	O
tested	O
positive	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Composition	O
of	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
specific	O
slow	O
codons	O
and	O
slow	O
di	O
-	O
codons	O
in	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
are	O
lower	O
than	O
other	O
coronaviruses	O
suggesting	O
a	O
faster	O
protein	O
synthesis	O
rate	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O
ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Translation	B-PROC
of	O
a	O
genetic	O
codon	O
without	O
a	O
cognate	O
tRNA	B-FUNC
gene	O
is	O
affected	O
by	O
both	O
the	O
cognate	O
tRNA	B-FUNC
availability	O
and	O
the	O
interaction	O
with	O
non	O
-	O
cognate	O
isoacceptor	O
tRNAs	O
.	O

An	O
electronic	O
search	O
in	O
Medline	O
,	O
Scopus	B-SPEC
and	O
Web	B-DISO
of	O
Science	O
was	O
performed	O
to	O
identify	O
studies	O
reporting	O
data	O
on	O
platelet	B-ANAT
count	O
in	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Nine	O
studies	O
with	O
1779	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
,	O
399	O
(	O
22	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
,	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
meta	B-SPEC
-	O
analysis	O
.	O

Since	O
that	O
time	O
,	O
Italy	O
and	O
nations	O
throughout	O
the	O
world	O
have	O
adopted	O
very	O
stringent	O
and	O
severe	O
measures	O
to	O
protect	O
populations	O
from	O
spread	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
.	O

No	O
systematic	O
reviews	O
on	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
have	O
been	O
published	O
to	O
date	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Teicoplanin	O
:	O
an	O
alternative	O
drug	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
?	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Ginkgolic	O
acid	O
inhibits	O
fusion	O
of	O
enveloped	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

The	O
evidence	O
showed	O
that	O
asymptomatic	O
carriers	O
occurred	O
more	O
often	O
in	O
middle	O
aged	O
people	O
who	O
had	O
close	O
contact	O
with	O
infected	B-PRGE
family	I-PRGE
members	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronovirus	O
disease	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
)	O
has	O
spread	O
rapidly	O
across	O
the	O
globe	B-ANAT
.	O

To	O
improve	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
in	O
children	O
,	O
we	O
retrospectively	O
reviewed	O
two	O
confirmed	O
pediatric	O
cases	O
from	O
two	O
family	B-SPEC
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Safety	O
and	O
efficacy	O
of	O
different	O
anesthetic	O
regimens	O
for	O
parturients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
undergoing	O
Cesarean	O
delivery	O
:	O
a	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
17	O
patients	O
.	O

At	O
this	O
point	O
in	O
the	O
global	O
pandemic	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
there	O
is	O
no	O
evidence	O
that	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
undergoes	O
intrauterine	B-ANAT
or	O
transplacental	O
transmission	O
from	O
infected	O
pregnant	O
women	O
to	O
their	O
fetuses	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	O
-	O
2019	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
recognized	O
as	O
a	O
global	O
threat	O
,	O
and	O
several	O
studies	O
are	O
being	O
conducted	O
using	O
various	O
mathematical	O
models	O
to	O
predict	O
the	O
probable	O
evolution	O
of	O
this	O
epidemic	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
whether	O
these	O
two	O
enormous	O
measures	O
have	O
led	O
to	O
significant	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
cases	O
remains	O
unclear	O
.	O

Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
correlation	O
between	O
domestic	O
air	O
traffic	O
and	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
spread	O
became	O
weaker	O
following	O
lockdown	O
(	O
before	O
lockdown	O
:	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
98	O
,	O
p	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
05	O
vs	O
.	O
after	O
lockdown	O
:	O
r	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
91	O
,	O
p	O
=	O
NS	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Who	O
needs	O
a	O
Corona	B-CHED
?	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
symptoms	O
were	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
71	O
.	O
43	O
%),	O
cough	B-DISO
(	O
60	O
.	O
44	O
%)	O
and	O
fatigue	B-DISO
(	O
43	O
.	O
96	O
%).	O

The	O
newly	O
discovered	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
is	O
similar	O
to	O
some	O
β	O
-	O
coronaviruses	O
found	O
in	O
bats	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
different	O
from	O
previously	O
known	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
.	O
High	O
sequence	O
identities	O
and	O
similarities	O
between	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
was	O
found	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Univariate	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
:	O
age	O
,	O
platelet	B-ANAT
peaks	O
and	O
PLR	O
at	O
peak	O
platelet	B-ANAT
were	O
the	O
influencing	O
factors	O
in	O
severe	O
patients	O
,	O
multivariate	O
analysis	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
PLR	O
value	O
at	O
peak	O
platelet	B-ANAT
during	O
treatment	O
was	O
an	O
independent	O
influencing	O
factor	O
in	O
severe	O
patients	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Single	O
-	O
center	O
case	O
series	O
of	O
the	O
30	O
hospitalized	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
Huizhou	O
municipal	O
central	O
hospital	O
,	O
presumed	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
platelets	B-ANAT
and	O
their	O
dynamic	O
changes	O
during	O
the	O
treatment	O
may	O
have	O
suggestion	O
on	O
the	O
severity	O
and	O
prognosis	O
of	O
disease	O
.	O

We	O
investigated	O
forty	O
-	O
three	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
specificity	O
of	O
predicting	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
during	O
IL	B-FUNC
-	I-FUNC
6	I-FUNC
and	O
D	O
-	O
Dimer	O
tandem	O
testing	O
was	O
up	O
to	O
93	O
.	O
3	O
%,	O
while	O
the	O
sensitivity	O
of	O
IL	O
-	O
6	O
and	O
D	O
-	O
Dimer	O
by	O
parallel	O
test	O
in	O
the	O
severe	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
was	O
96	O
.	O
4	O
%.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Successful	O
recovery	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
a	O
renal	B-ANAT
transplant	B-ANAT
recipient	O
with	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
.	O

Following	O
a	O
treatment	O
regimen	O
consisting	O
of	O
reduced	O
immunosuppressant	B-CHED
use	O
and	O
low	O
dose	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
-	O
based	O
therapy	O
,	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
in	O
this	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
immunosuppressive	O
patient	O
was	O
successfully	O
recovered	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Reverse	O
Logistics	O
Network	O
Design	O
for	O
Effective	O
Management	O
of	O
Medical	B-ANAT
Waste	I-ANAT
in	O
Epidemic	O
Outbreaks	O
:	O
Insights	O
from	O
the	O
Coronavirus	O
Disease	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
Outbreak	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
(	O
China	O
).	O

However	O
,	O
no	O
research	O
has	O
been	O
conducted	O
with	O
the	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
an	O
epidemic	O
reverse	O
logistics	O
network	O
for	O
dealing	O
with	O
medical	B-ANAT
waste	I-ANAT
during	O
epidemic	O
outbreaks	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
if	O
improperly	O
treated	O
,	O
may	O
accelerate	O
disease	O
spread	O
and	O
pose	O
a	O
significant	O
risk	O
for	O
both	O
medical	O
staffs	O
and	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
model	O
is	O
illustrated	O
with	O
a	O
case	O
study	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
2019	B-SPEC
Novel	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
Disease	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
):	O
Paving	O
the	O
Road	O
for	O
Rapid	O
Detection	O
and	O
Point	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
Care	O
Diagnostics	O
.	O

The	O
study	O
was	O
approved	O
by	O
both	O
the	O
Agence	O
Nationale	O
de	O
la	O
Sécurité	O
du	O
Médicament	O
et	O
des	B-DISO
Produits	O
de	O
Santé	O
(	O
ANSM	O
,	O
on	O
5	O
October	O
2018	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
National	O
Institutional	O
Review	O
Board	O
(	O
CPP	O
,	O
on	O
6	O
November	O
2018	O
).	O

Although	O
these	O
studies	O
are	O
relevant	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
current	O
public	O
emergency	B-DISO
,	O
more	O
high	O
-	O
quality	O
research	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
provide	O
valid	O
and	O
reliable	O
ways	O
to	O
manage	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
in	O
both	O
the	O
short	O
-	O
and	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
62	O
medical	O
staff	O
of	O
Zhongnan	O
Hospital	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
have	O
been	O
hospitalised	O
with	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
peak	O
of	O
Internet	O
searches	O
and	O
social	O
media	B-ANAT
data	O
about	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
outbreak	O
occurred	O
10	O
-	O
14	O
days	O
earlier	O
than	O
the	O
peak	O
of	O
daily	O
incidences	O
in	O
China	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
A	O
Sequence	O
Homology	O
and	O
Bioinformatic	O
Approach	O
Can	O
Predict	O
Candidate	O
Targets	O
for	O
Immune	B-PROC
Responses	I-PROC
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

We	O
identified	O
multiple	O
specific	O
regions	O
in	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
that	O
have	O
high	O
homology	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chronic	O
thromboembolic	O
pulmonary	O
hypertension	O
(	O
CTEPH	B-DISO
)	O
is	O
the	O
most	O
severe	O
long	O
-	O
term	O
complication	B-DISO
of	O
acute	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
embolism	I-DISO
(	O
PE	O
).	O

Untreated	O
,	O
CTEPH	B-DISO
is	O
fatal	O
,	O
but	O
,	O
if	O
diagnosed	O
in	O
time	O
,	O
successful	O
surgical	O
(	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endarterectomy	O
),	O
medical	O
(	O
pulmonary	B-DISO
hypertension	I-DISO
drugs	O
)	O
and	O
/	O
or	O
interventional	O
(	O
balloon	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
angioplasty	O
)	O
therapies	O
have	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
improve	O
clinical	O
outcomes	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
case	O
of	O
successful	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
endarterectomy	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
A	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
severe	B-SPEC
acute	I-SPEC
respiratory	I-SPEC
syndrome	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
causes	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
cases	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
.	O

The	O
COVID	B-DISO
19	I-DISO
pandemic	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
necessary	O
postponement	O
of	O
much	O
planned	O
surgical	O
activity	O
with	O
the	O
cancellation	O
of	O
outpatient	O
,	O
diagnostic	O
and	O
operative	O
work	O
.	O

These	O
measures	O
have	O
been	O
designed	O
to	O
'	O
flatten	O
the	O
curve	O
'	O
and	O
delay	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
whilst	O
also	O
freeing	O
up	O
capacity	O
within	O
hospitals	O
for	O
patients	O
affected	O
with	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
has	O
been	O
extensively	O
epidemic	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
which	O
not	O
only	O
seriously	O
threatens	O
the	O
safety	O
and	O
health	O
of	O
Chinese	O
people	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
challenges	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
other	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
.	O

Due	O
to	O
the	O
extensive	O
spread	O
and	O
high	O
transmission	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
possibility	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
infections	B-DISO
among	O
malaria	B-PATH
cases	O
during	O
the	O
medical	O
care	O
-	O
seeking	O
behaviors	B-PROC
and	O
among	O
healthcare	O
professionals	O
during	O
clinical	O
diagnosis	O
and	O
treatment	O
,	O
sample	O
collection	O
and	O
testing	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
surveys	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Severe	O
and	O
critical	O
coronavirus	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
often	O
occurs	O
in	O
elder	B-SPEC
patients	O
with	O
multiple	O
comorbidities	O
,	O
and	O
severe	O
hypoxemia	O
events	O
are	O
an	O
important	O
factor	O
in	O
the	O
deterioration	O
of	O
some	O
cases	O
.	O

The	O
critical	O
type	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
could	O
progress	O
to	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
and	O
multi	O
-	O
organ	B-ANAT
dysfunction	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
causes	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Rapidly	O
increasing	O
cumulative	O
incidence	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
disease	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
in	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
/	O
European	O
Economic	O
Area	O
and	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
,	O
1	O
January	O
to	O
15	O
March	O
2020	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Information	O
on	O
severity	O
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
disease	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
(	O
transmissibility	O
,	O
disease	O
seriousness	O
,	O
impact	O
)	O
is	O
crucial	O
for	O
preparation	O
of	O
healthcare	O
sectors	O
.	O

ACE2	B-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
serve	O
as	O
binding	B-FUNC
sites	O
for	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
virions	B-COMP
in	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
novel	O
coronavirus	O
infection	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
or	O
Coronavirus	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
2019	I-DISO
)	O
that	O
emerged	O
from	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
Hubei	O
province	O
of	O
China	O
has	O
spread	O
to	O
many	O
countries	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Most	O
of	O
the	O
efforts	O
for	O
developing	O
CoV	O
vaccines	O
and	O
drugs	O
target	O
the	O
spike	O
glycoprotein	B-CHED
or	O
S	B-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
,	O
the	O
major	O
inducer	O
of	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
.	O

In	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
was	O
33	O
.	O
3	O
%	O
(	O
3	O
/	O
9	O
),	O
including	O
two	O
with	O
recurrent	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
and	O
one	O
with	O
ventilator	O
-	O
induced	O
severe	O
pneumomediastinum	O
and	O
subcutaneous	B-DISO
emphysema	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
conducted	O
a	O
randomized	O
,	O
controlled	O
,	O
open	O
-	O
label	B-CHED
trial	O
involving	O
hospitalized	O
adult	O
patients	O
with	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
which	O
causes	O
the	O
respiratory	O
illness	O
Covid	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
an	O
oxygen	B-CHED
saturation	O
(	O
Sao	O
A	O
total	O
of	O
199	O
patients	O
with	O
laboratory	O
-	O
confirmed	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
underwent	O
randomization	O
;	O
99	O
were	O
assigned	O
to	O
the	O
lopinavir	O
-	O
ritonavir	B-CHED
group	O
,	O
and	O
100	O
to	O
the	O
standard	O
-	O
care	O
group	O
.	O

(	O
Funded	O
by	O
Major	O
Projects	O
of	O
National	O
Science	O
and	O
Technology	O
on	O
New	O
Drug	O
Creation	O
and	O
Development	B-PROC
and	O
others	O
;	O
Chinese	O
Clinical	O
Trial	O
Register	O
number	O
,	O
ChiCTR2000029308	O
.).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
The	O
Cholera	B-DISO
Epidemics	O
in	O
Hamburg	O
and	O
What	O
to	O
Learn	B-PROC
for	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
).	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
these	O
multiple	O
-	O
dye	B-CHED
probes	O
allow	O
reliable	O
detection	O
and	O
localization	B-PROC
of	O
mRNA	B-CHED
with	O
only	O
a	O
very	O
small	O
number	O
(	O
5	O
-	O
10	O
)	O
of	O
probe	O
strands	O
.	O

Rapid	O
diagnosis	O
of	O
concomitant	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
safe	O
and	O
effective	O
transportation	O
,	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
interventional	O
procedure	O
,	O
protection	O
of	O
vascular	B-ANAT
surgical	O
team	O
and	O
postoperative	O
management	O
and	O
follow	O
-	O
up	O
of	O
such	O
patients	O
have	O
become	O
urgent	O
problems	O
for	O
us	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Porcine	B-SPEC
epidemic	B-DISO
diarrhea	I-DISO
:	O
the	O
return	O
of	O
an	O
old	O
disease	O
.	O

This	O
review	O
sums	O
up	O
the	O
current	O
knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
,	O
its	O
transmission	O
and	O
its	O
worldwide	O
molecular	O
epidemiology	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
physiopathology	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
and	O
the	O
control	O
measures	O
.	O

We	O
used	O
transcriptomics	O
approaches	O
to	O
compare	O
the	O
scope	O
and	O
kinetics	O
of	O
the	O
host	B-PROC
response	I-PROC
to	O
the	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
,	O
DUBmut	O
,	O
and	O
EndoUmut	O
viruses	B-SPEC
in	O
infected	O
macrophages	B-ANAT
.	O

We	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
EndoUmut	O
virus	B-SPEC
activates	O
a	O
focused	O
response	O
predominantly	O
involving	O
type	B-PRGE
I	I-PRGE
interferons	I-PRGE
and	O
interferon	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
related	I-PRGE
genes	I-PRGE
,	O
whereas	O
the	O
WT	O
and	O
DUBmut	O
viruses	B-SPEC
more	O
broadly	O
stimulate	O
upregulation	B-PROC
of	O
over	O
2	O
,	O
800	O
genes	O
,	O
including	O
networks	O
associated	O
with	O
activating	O
the	O
unfolded	O
protein	O
response	O
(	O
UPR	O
),	O
and	O
the	O
proinflammatory	O
response	O
associated	O
with	O
viral	B-DISO
pathogenesis	I-DISO
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
:	O
Knowns	O
,	O
Unknowns	O
,	O
and	O
Questions	O
.	O

The	O
population	O
were	O
divided	O
into	O
three	O
compartments	B-ANAT
:	O
Susceptible	O
,	O
Infected	O
,	O
Removed	O
.	O

Severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
reflects	O
the	O
hallmark	O
of	O
a	O
critical	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
AI	O
-	O
Driven	O
Tools	O
for	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
Outbreak	O
:	O
Need	O
of	O
Active	O
Learning	B-PROC
and	O
Cross	O
-	O
Population	O
Train	O
/	O
Test	O
Models	O
on	O
Multitudinal	O
/	O
Multimodal	O
Data	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
unlike	O
other	O
healthcare	O
issues	O
,	O
for	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
to	O
detect	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
AI	O
-	O
driven	O
tools	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
have	O
active	O
learning	B-PROC
-	O
based	O
cross	O
-	O
population	O
train	O
/	O
test	O
models	O
that	O
employs	O
multitudinal	O
and	O
multimodal	O
data	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
primary	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
paper	O
.	O

Our	O
case	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
showed	O
multiple	O
subpleural	O
GGOs	O
in	O
bilateral	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
rapid	O
progression	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
also	O
accompanied	O
nodular	O
GGOs	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Our	O
case	O
of	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
pneumonia	O
showed	O
multiple	O
subpleural	O
GGOs	O
in	O
bilateral	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
rapid	O
progression	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
also	O
accompanied	O
nodular	O
GGOs	O
on	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Is	O
nicotine	B-CHED
exposure	O
linked	O
to	O
cardiopulmonary	B-ANAT
vulnerability	O
to	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
general	O
population	O
?	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Oral	B-ANAT
mite	O
anaphylaxis	B-DISO
after	O
ingestion	O
of	O
Korean	O
pancake	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Oral	B-ANAT
mite	O
anaphylaxis	B-DISO
(	O
OMA	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
syndrome	O
characterized	O
by	O
severe	O
allergic	O
manifestations	O
occurring	O
in	O
atopic	B-DISO
patients	O
shortly	O
after	O
the	O
intake	O
of	O
foods	O
made	O
with	O
mite	O
-	O
contaminated	O
wheat	B-SPEC
flour	O
.	O

The	O
ingredients	O
in	O
the	O
buchimgae	O
were	O
eggs	O
,	O
shrimps	B-SPEC
and	O
chopped	O
Chinese	O
chives	B-SPEC
,	O
but	O
the	O
girl	O
had	O
previously	O
consumed	O
these	O
individual	O
ingredients	O
without	O
incident	O
.	O

From	O
these	O
findings	O
,	O
the	O
anaphylactic	O
episode	O
in	O
this	O
patient	O
was	O
concluded	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
ingestion	O
of	O
mixed	O
wheat	B-SPEC
flour	O
contaminated	O
with	O
mites	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Transmission	O
potential	O
of	O
the	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
onboard	O
the	O
diamond	B-CHED
Princess	O
Cruises	O
Ship	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

Here	O
we	O
reported	O
the	O
screening	O
,	O
clinical	O
feathers	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
treatment	O
process	O
of	O
a	O
family	B-SPEC
cluster	O
involving	O
three	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

To	O
better	O
understand	O
its	O
dynamics	O
in	O
Italy	O
,	O
we	O
analysed	O
complete	O
genomes	O
of	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
isolates	O
,	O
obtained	O
directly	O
from	O
clinical	O
samples	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
:	O
The	O
Identify	O
-	O
Isolate	O
-	O
Inform	O
(	O
3I	O
)	O
Tool	O
Applied	O
to	O
a	O
Novel	O
Emerging	O
Coronavirus	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
2019	O
Novel	O
Coronavirus	O
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
an	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
closely	O
related	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
and	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
that	O
was	O
first	O
reported	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
City	O
,	O
Hubei	O
Province	O
,	O
China	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
.	O

The	O
Identify	O
-	O
Isolate	O
-	O
Inform	O
(	O
3I	O
)	O
Tool	O
,	O
originally	O
conceived	O
for	O
the	O
initial	O
detection	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
Ebola	O
virus	O
and	O
later	O
adjusted	O
for	O
other	O
infectious	B-DISO
agents	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
adapted	O
for	O
any	O
emerging	B-DISO
infectious	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

This	O
paper	O
reports	O
a	O
modification	O
of	O
the	O
3I	O
Tool	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
initial	O
detection	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
under	O
investigation	O
for	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O
After	O
initial	O
assessment	O
for	O
symptoms	O
and	O
epidemiological	O
risk	O
factors	O
,	O
including	O
travel	O
to	O
affected	O
areas	O
and	O
exposure	O
to	O
confirmed	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
patients	O
within	O
14	O
days	O
,	O
patients	O
are	O
classified	O
in	O
a	O
risk	O
-	O
stratified	O
system	O
.	O

Upon	O
confirmation	O
of	O
a	O
suspected	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
case	O
,	O
affected	O
persons	O
must	O
immediately	O
be	O
placed	O
in	O
airborne	O
infection	B-DISO
isolation	O
and	O
the	O
appropriate	O
public	O
health	O
agencies	O
notified	O
.	O

Nonetheless	O
,	O
some	O
structural	O
and	O
practical	O
aspects	O
may	O
generate	O
substantial	O
hurdles	O
in	O
providing	O
timely	O
and	O
efficient	O
response	O
to	O
this	O
infectious	O
emergency	B-DISO
,	O
which	O
basically	O
include	O
inadequate	O
(	O
insufficient	O
)	O
environment	O
and	O
shortage	O
of	O
technical	O
and	O
human	B-SPEC
resources	O
for	O
facing	O
enhanced	O
volume	O
of	O
tests	O
on	O
many	O
infected	O
patients	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
whom	O
are	O
with	O
severe	O
disease	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Natural	O
small	O
molecules	O
as	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
of	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
lipid	B-CHED
-	O
dependent	O
attachment	O
to	O
host	B-COMP
cells	B-ANAT
:	O
a	O
possible	O
strategy	O
for	O
reducing	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
COV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
infectivity	O
?	O

More	O
research	O
into	O
these	O
molecules	O
and	O
methods	O
would	O
be	O
worthwhile	O
as	O
it	O
could	O
provide	O
insights	O
the	O
mechanism	O
of	O
transmission	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
COV	O
-	O
2	O
and	O
,	O
into	O
how	O
they	O
could	O
become	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
new	O
antiviral	B-CHED
strategies	O
.	O

This	O
report	O
describes	O
findings	O
from	O
the	O
initial	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
cruise	O
ship	O
investigation	O
into	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
cases	O
among	O
crew	O
members	O
during	O
February	O
4	O
-	O
12	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Radiologic	O
characteristics	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
)	O
infected	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
(	O
NCIP	O
)	O
which	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
fully	O
understood	O
are	O
especially	O
important	O
for	O
diagnosing	O
and	O
predicting	O
prognosis	O
.	O

The	O
median	O
CT	O
score	O
of	O
mortality	O
group	O
was	O
higher	O
compared	O
to	O
survival	O
group	O
(	O
30	O
(	O
IQR	O
7	O
-	O
13	O
)	O
vs	O
12	O
(	O
IQR	O
11	O
-	O
43	O
),	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
021	O
),	O
with	O
more	O
frequency	O
of	O
consolidation	O
(	O
40	O
%	O
vs	O
6	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
047	O
)	O
and	O
air	B-CHED
bronchogram	O
(	O
60	O
%	O
vs	O
12	O
%,	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
025	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
Switzerland	O
:	O
on	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
testing	O
,	O
contact	O
tracing	O
and	O
isolation	O
.	O

There	O
are	O
likely	O
many	O
people	O
with	O
undetected	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
because	O
testing	O
efforts	O
are	O
currently	O
not	O
detecting	O
all	O
infected	O
people	O
,	O
including	O
some	O
with	O
clinical	O
disease	O
compatible	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

Spreading	O
mainly	O
through	O
the	O
droplet	O
route	O
,	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
causes	O
mild	O
symptoms	O
in	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
being	O
:	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
80	O
%),	O
dry	B-DISO
cough	I-DISO
(	O
56	O
%),	O
fatigue	B-DISO
(	O
22	O
%)	O
and	O
muscle	B-DISO
pain	I-DISO
(	O
7	O
%);	O
less	O
common	O
symptoms	O
include	O
a	O
sore	B-DISO
throat	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
runny	B-DISO
nose	I-DISO
,	O
diarrhea	B-DISO
,	O
hemoptysis	B-DISO
and	O
chills	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
this	O
article	O
we	O
describe	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
caused	O
by	O
the	O
Plasmodium	B-SPEC
falciparum	I-SPEC
in	O
a	O
45	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
Polish	O
patient	O
,	O
who	O
traveled	O
to	O
Cameroon	O
without	O
any	O
malaria	B-PATH
prophylaxis	O
.	O

To	O
avoid	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
cerebral	B-DISO
malaria	B-PATH
,	O
the	O
illness	O
should	O
be	O
diagnosed	O
immediately	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
Human	B-PRGE
Metapneumovirus	I-PRGE
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
now	O
called	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
2	O
)	O
initially	O
discovered	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
has	O
now	O
become	O
a	O
global	O
pandemic	O
.	O

The	O
patient	O
underwent	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swab	I-ANAT
for	O
a	O
respiratory	O
pathogen	O
panel	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
RT	O
-	O
PCR	O
.	O

(	O
4	O
)	O
The	O
surgical	O
medical	O
workers	O
who	O
process	O
colorectal	B-PATH
cancer	I-PATH
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
must	O
be	O
protected	O
by	O
three	O
-	O
level	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Chemotherapy	O
strategy	O
for	O
colorectal	B-PATH
cancer	I-PATH
under	O
the	O
outbreak	O
of	O
corona	B-DISO
virus	B-PROC
disease	I-PROC
2019	I-DISO
].	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
The	O
outbreak	O
of	O
corona	O
virus	B-PROC
disease	I-PROC
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
makes	O
the	O
medical	O
treatment	O
of	O
colorectal	B-DISO
cancers	I-DISO
difficult	O
.	O

All	O
43	O
patients	O
(	O
59	O
%)	O
with	O
common	O
type	O
presented	O
unique	O
or	O
multiple	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
opacities	B-DISO
(	O
GGO	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
periphery	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
,	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
interlobular	O
septal	O
thickening	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Six	O
patients	O
(	O
8	O
%)	O
were	O
diagnosed	O
as	O
mild	O
type	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
;	O
these	O
patients	O
had	O
no	O
obvious	O
abnormal	O
CT	O
findings	O
or	O
manifested	O
mild	O
changes	O
of	O
lung	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

Based	O
on	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
literature	O
review	O
and	O
the	O
experience	O
in	O
the	O
frontline	O
,	O
we	O
aim	O
to	O
review	O
the	O
typical	O
and	O
relatively	O
atypical	O
CT	O
manifestations	O
with	O
representative	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
cases	O
at	O
our	O
hospital	O
,	O
and	O
hope	O
to	O
strengthen	O
the	O
recognition	O
of	O
these	O
features	O
with	O
radiologists	O
and	O
help	O
them	O
make	O
a	O
quick	O
and	O
accurate	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

People	O
of	O
all	O
ages	O
are	O
susceptible	O
to	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
most	O
common	O
symptoms	O
were	O
polypnea	B-DISO
(	O
8	O
/	O
8	O
),	O
followed	O
by	O
fever	B-PROC
(	O
6	O
/	O
8	O
)	O
and	O
cough	B-DISO
(	O
6	O
/	O
8	O
).	O

Two	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
underwent	O
invasive	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Drive	O
-	O
Through	O
Screening	O
Center	O
for	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
:	O
a	O
Safe	O
and	O
Efficient	O
Screening	O
System	O
against	O
Massive	O
Community	O
Outbreak	O
.	O

It	O
could	O
be	O
implemented	O
in	O
other	O
countries	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
the	O
global	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outbreak	O
and	O
transformed	O
according	O
to	O
their	O
own	O
situations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
How	O
Should	O
the	O
Rehabilitation	O
Community	O
Prepare	O
for	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
?	O

This	O
study	O
aimed	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
social	O
capital	O
on	O
sleep	B-PROC
quality	O
and	O
the	O
mechanisms	O
involved	O
in	O
people	O
who	O
self	O
-	O
isolated	O
at	O
home	O
for	O
14	O
days	O
in	O
January	O
2020	O
during	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
epidemic	O
in	O
central	O
China	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
During	O
a	O
period	O
of	O
individual	O
self	O
-	O
isolation	O
during	O
the	O
COVID	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
19	I-SPEC
virus	I-SPEC
epidemic	O
in	O
central	O
China	O
,	O
increased	O
social	O
capital	O
improved	O
sleep	B-PROC
quality	O
by	O
reducing	O
anxiety	O
and	O
stress	O
.	O

Here	O
,	O
we	O
discuss	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
outbreak	O
in	O
a	O
one	O
health	O
context	O
,	O
highlighting	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
one	O
health	O
measures	O
and	O
practices	O
to	O
improve	O
human	B-SPEC
health	O
and	O
reduce	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
pandemic	O
viruses	B-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Perioperative	O
Management	O
of	O
Patients	O
Infected	O
with	O
the	O
Novel	B-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
:	O
Recommendation	O
from	O
the	O
Joint	O
Task	O
Force	O
of	O
the	O
Chinese	O
Society	O
of	O
Anesthesiology	O
and	O
the	O
Chinese	O
Association	O
of	O
Anesthesiologists	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
provide	O
healthcare	O
workers	O
with	O
updated	O
recommendations	O
on	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
perioperative	O
setting	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
emergency	O
airway	B-ANAT
management	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
operating	O
room	O
,	O
the	O
two	O
largest	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
societies	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	O
Society	O
of	O
Anesthesiology	O
(	O
CSA	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
the	O
Chinese	O
Association	O
of	O
Anesthesiologists	O
(	O
CAA	B-DISO
)	O
have	O
formed	O
a	O
task	O
force	O
to	O
produce	O
the	O
recommendations	O
.	O

Because	O
the	O
main	O
route	O
of	O
transmission	O
is	O
via	O
respiratory	O
droplets	O
and	O
close	O
contact	O
,	O
anesthesia	B-DISO
providers	O
are	O
at	O
a	O
high	O
risk	O
when	O
responding	O
to	O
the	O
devastating	O
mass	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

The	O
authors	O
presented	O
the	O
experience	O
of	O
caring	O
for	O
the	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
Wuhan	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Clinical	O
,	O
laboratory	O
,	O
and	O
computed	O
tomography	O
(	O
CT	O
)	O
findings	O
of	O
5	O
cases	O
of	O
the	O
novel	B-DISO
Coronavirus	I-DISO
Disease	I-DISO
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
from	O
patients	O
outside	O
of	O
Wuhan	O
were	O
reviewed	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Stevens	O
-	O
Johnson	O
syndrome	O
and	O
toxic	B-DISO
epidermal	I-DISO
necrolysis	I-DISO
(	O
SJS	B-DISO
/	O
TEN	B-PRGE
)	O
are	O
extremely	O
rare	O
but	O
potentially	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
disorders	O
.	O

Our	O
patients	O
had	O
some	O
severe	O
complications	O
such	O
as	O
septic	B-DISO
shock	I-DISO
,	O
respiratory	B-DISO
failure	I-DISO
and	O
obliterans	O
bronchiolitis	B-DISO
(	O
BO	O
)	O
etc	O
.	O

DIAGNOSIS	O
::	O
Three	O
patients	O
diagnosed	O
SJS	B-DISO
/	O
TEN	O
with	O
clinical	O
symptoms	O
that	O
were	O
triggered	O
by	O
antibiotics	B-CHED
,	O
nonsteroidal	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
inflammatory	I-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
,	O
previous	O
infection	B-DISO
,	O
or	O
neoplasms	B-DISO
.	O

They	O
all	O
died	B-PROC
because	O
of	O
out	O
-	O
of	O
-	O
control	O
severe	O
infections	B-DISO
.	O

In	O
Patient	O
2	O
,	O
he	O
died	B-PROC
on	O
the	O
211th	O
day	O
from	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
illness	O
during	O
the	O
third	O
time	O
of	O
PICU	B-SPEC
admission	O
.	O

In	O
Patient	O
3	O
,	O
she	O
died	O
12	O
days	O
after	O
PICU	B-SPEC
admission	O
on	O
the	O
87th	O
day	O
from	O
onset	O
.	O

We	O
should	O
be	O
aware	O
that	O
mucosal	B-ANAT
damage	O
occurs	O
on	O
the	O
skin	B-ANAT
and	O
within	O
the	O
mucosa	B-ANAT
of	O
visceral	O
organs	B-ANAT
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
occurrence	O
of	O
bronchiectasia	O
,	O
BO	O
,	O
enterocolitis	B-DISO
,	O
acute	B-DISO
renal	I-DISO
failure	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
severe	O
secondary	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
demonstrate	O
PRESCIENT	O
'	O
s	O
ability	O
to	O
identify	O
Abs	O
that	O
neutralize	O
a	O
model	O
viral	O
agent	O
,	O
Murine	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
murine	B-DISO
hepatitis	I-DISO
virus	B-SPEC
),	O
which	O
causes	O
high	O
mortality	O
rates	O
in	O
experimentally	O
infected	O
mice	B-SPEC
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
,	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
global	O
human	B-SPEC
threat	O
that	O
has	O
turned	O
into	O
a	O
pandemic	O
.	O

As	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
pandemic	O
preparedness	O
,	O
public	O
health	O
officials	O
should	O
identify	O
and	O
query	O
healthcare	O
facilities	O
in	O
their	O
jurisdiction	O
that	O
currently	O
care	O
for	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
on	O
mechanical	O
ventilation	O
to	O
determine	O
existing	O
inventory	O
of	O
these	O
devices	O
and	O
facilities	O
'	O
ability	O
to	O
absorb	O
additional	O
ventilators	O
.	O

Sixteen	O
patients	O
(	O
80	O
%)	O
were	O
admitted	O
to	O
the	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
;	O
13	O
patients	O
(	O
81	O
%)	O
had	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
,	O
11	O
were	O
intubated	O
(	O
68	O
.	O
75	O
%),	O
9	O
had	O
acute	O
renal	B-ANAT
injury	O
(	O
56	O
.	O
25	O
%),	O
and	O
3	O
required	O
dialysis	B-SPEC
(	O
18	O
.	O
75	O
%).	O

The	O
laboratory	O
diagnostic	O
methods	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
infections	O
have	O
evolved	O
substantially	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
novel	O
assays	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
updated	O
tests	O
for	O
emerging	O
ones	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
clear	O
evidence	O
regarding	O
optimal	O
delivery	O
timing	O
,	O
the	O
safety	O
of	O
vaginal	B-ANAT
delivery	O
,	O
or	O
whether	O
cesarean	O
delivery	O
prevents	O
vertical	B-DISO
transmission	I-DISO
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
delivery	O
;	O
therefore	O
,	O
route	O
of	O
delivery	O
and	O
delivery	O
timing	O
should	O
be	O
individualized	O
based	O
on	O
obstetrical	O
indications	O
and	O
maternal	O
-	O
fetal	B-ANAT
status	O
.	O

Clinical	O
manifestations	O
range	O
from	O
asymptomatic	O
cases	O
to	O
patients	O
with	O
mild	O
and	O
severe	O
symptoms	O
,	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
pneumonia	B-DISO
.	O

Laboratory	O
detection	O
of	O
the	O
viral	O
nucleic	B-CHED
acid	I-CHED
can	O
yield	O
false	O
-	O
negative	O
results	O
,	O
and	O
serological	O
testing	O
of	O
virus	B-SPEC
specific	O
IgG	B-PRGE
and	O
IgM	B-PRGE
antibodies	B-COMP
should	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
for	O
diagnosis	O
.	O

Cases	O
with	O
a	O
pre	O
-	O
existing	O
condition	B-DISO
of	O
chronic	B-DISO
obstructive	I-DISO
pulmonary	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
or	O
complicated	O
with	O
a	O
secondary	B-DISO
bacterial	I-DISO
pneumonia	I-DISO
were	O
more	O
severe	O
.	O

The	O
outbreak	O
which	O
started	O
in	O
Guinea	B-SPEC
quickly	O
moved	O
across	O
to	O
Sierra	O
Leone	O
and	O
Liberia	O
.	O

The	O
laboratory	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
normal	O
values	O
,	O
the	O
patients	O
'	O
lymphocytes	B-ANAT
were	O
reduced	O
(	O
4	O
[	O
80	O
%]	O
patients	O
),	O
and	O
liver	B-PROC
function	I-PROC
ALT	B-FUNC
and	O
AST	B-PRGE
(	O
2	O
[	O
40	O
%]	O
patients	O
,	O
2	O
[	O
40	O
%]	O
patients	O
)	O
and	O
C	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
reactive	I-PRGE
protein	I-PRGE
(	O
4	O
[	O
80	O
%]	O
patients	O
)	O
were	O
increased	O
when	O
admitted	O
to	O
hospital	O
.	O

Three	O
patients	O
were	O
treated	O
with	O
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
including	O
two	O
treated	O
with	O
oral	B-ANAT
glucocorticoids	B-CHED
.	O

Fortunately	O
,	O
all	O
patients	O
did	O
not	O
need	O
ICU	O
care	O
and	O
were	O
discharged	O
from	O
hospital	O
without	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

In	O
conclusion	O
,	O
those	O
patients	O
with	O
both	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
and	O
influenza	B-SPEC
virus	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
did	O
not	O
appear	O
to	O
show	O
a	O
more	O
severe	O
condition	B-DISO
because	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
laboratory	O
findings	O
,	O
imaging	O
studies	O
,	O
and	O
patient	O
prognosis	O
,	O
they	O
showed	O
similar	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
as	O
those	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
only	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
worth	O
noting	O
that	O
the	O
symptoms	O
of	O
nasal	B-ANAT
tampon	O
and	O
pharyngalgia	O
may	O
be	O
more	O
prone	O
to	O
appear	O
for	O
those	O
co	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
An	O
outbreak	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
disease	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
caused	O
by	O
the	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
began	O
in	O
the	O
city	O
of	O
Wuhan	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
has	O
widely	O
spread	O
worldwide	O
.	O

Aside	O
from	O
RaTG13	O
,	O
Pangolin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
is	O
the	O
most	O
closely	O
related	O
CoV	O
to	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
.	O

To	O
examine	O
the	O
growth	B-PROC
rate	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
,	O
we	O
aimed	O
to	O
present	O
the	O
first	O
study	O
to	O
report	O
the	O
reproduction	B-PROC
number	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
South	O
Korea	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Patients	O
with	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
infection	O
are	O
at	O
risk	O
of	O
acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
syndrome	B-DISO
(	O
ARDS	B-DISO
)	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

Angiotensin	B-PRGE
receptor	I-PRGE
blockers	O
and	O
statins	O
upregulate	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Autopsy	O
in	O
suspected	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
cases	O
.	O

Using	O
a	O
virus	B-SPEC
containing	O
an	O
EndoU	O
catalytic	O
-	O
inactive	O
mutation	O
,	O
we	O
detected	O
a	O
higher	O
abundance	O
of	O
PUN	O
RNA	O
in	O
the	O
cytoplasm	B-COMP
compared	O
to	O
wild	O
-	O
type	O
-	O
infected	O
cells	B-COMP
.	O

The	O
host	B-COMP
humoral	O
response	O
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
including	O
IgA	B-PRGE
,	O
IgM	B-PRGE
and	O
IgG	B-PRGE
response	O
were	O
examined	O
by	O
using	O
an	O
ELISA	O
based	O
assay	O
on	O
the	O
recombinant	B-PRGE
viral	I-PRGE
nucleocapsid	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
2019	B-SPEC
novel	I-SPEC
Coronavirus	I-SPEC
outbreak	O
:	O
a	O
quiz	O
or	O
final	O
exam	O
?	O

Three	O
weeks	O
later	O
,	O
the	O
US	O
federal	O
government	O
declared	O
the	O
pandemic	O
a	O
national	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

During	O
the	O
first	O
week	O
,	O
blood	B-ANAT
donations	O
dropped	O
significantly	O
.	O

This	O
study	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
international	O
community	O
with	O
a	O
deeper	O
understanding	O
of	O
this	O
new	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
is	O
novel	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
with	O
an	O
evolving	O
understanding	O
of	O
its	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
clinical	O
manifestations	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Guide	O
to	O
the	O
Forensic	O
Pathology	B-DISO
Practice	O
on	O
Death	B-PROC
Cases	O
Related	O
to	O
Corona	B-DISO
Virus	B-PROC
Disease	I-PROC
2019	I-DISO
（	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
）	O
（	O
Trial	O
Draft	O
）.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Autopsy	O
is	O
of	O
great	O
significance	O
to	O
the	O
elucidation	O
of	O
the	O
pathological	O
changes	O
,	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
and	O
cause	O
of	O
death	B-PROC
of	O
corona	B-DISO
virus	B-PROC
disease	I-PROC
2019	I-DISO
（	B-DISO
COVID	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	O
）	O
and	O
can	O
provide	O
theoretical	O
basis	O
for	O
more	O
scientific	O
and	O
accurate	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
2003	O
,	O
coronavirus	O
has	O
caused	O
multiple	O
major	O
public	O
health	O
events	O
that	O
resulted	O
in	O
global	O
epidemics	O
such	O
as	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
（	O
SARS	O
）,	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
（	O
MERS	O
）	O
and	O
corona	B-DISO
virus	B-PROC
disease	I-PROC
2019	I-DISO
（	B-DISO
COVID	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	O
）.	O

We	O
used	O
18	O
indicators	O
from	O
the	O
IHR	O
State	O
Party	O
Annual	O
Reporting	O
(	O
SPAR	B-DISO
)	O
tool	O
and	O
associated	O
data	O
from	O
national	O
SPAR	B-DISO
reports	O
to	O
develop	O
five	O
indices	O
:	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
prevent	O
,	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
detect	O
,	O
(	O
3	O
)	O
respond	O
,	O
(	O
4	O
)	O
enabling	O
function	O
,	O
and	O
(	O
5	O
)	O
operational	O
readiness	O
.	O

Although	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
is	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
expressed	B-PROC
in	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
liver	B-ANAT
,	O
stomach	B-ANAT
,	O
ileum	B-ANAT
,	O
kidney	B-ANAT
and	O
colon	B-ANAT
,	O
its	O
expressing	O
levels	O
are	O
rather	O
low	O
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
.	O

Intriguingly	O
,	O
we	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
candidate	O
co	O
-	O
receptors	O
,	O
manifesting	O
the	O
most	O
similar	O
expression	B-PROC
patterns	O
with	O
ACE2	O
across	O
13	O
human	B-ANAT
tissues	I-ANAT
,	O
are	O
all	O
peptidases	O
,	O
including	O
ANPEP	B-PRGE
,	O
DPP4	B-PRGE
and	O
ENPEP	B-PRGE
.	O

Clinical	O
data	O
and	O
CT	O
images	O
of	O
80	O
cases	O
of	O
NCP	B-FUNC
were	O
collected	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
The	O
chest	B-ANAT
CT	O
of	O
NCP	B-FUNC
patients	O
is	O
characterised	O
by	O
the	O
onset	O
of	O
bilateral	O
ground	O
-	O
glass	O
lesions	O
located	O
in	O
the	O
subpleural	O
area	O
of	O
the	O
lung	B-ANAT
,	O
and	O
progressive	O
lesions	O
that	O
result	O
in	O
consolidation	O
with	O
no	O
migratory	O
lesions	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Predicting	O
the	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
(	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
)	O
utilizing	O
capability	O
as	O
the	O
receptor	O
of	O
SARS	O
-	O
CoV	O
-	O
2	O
.	O

Induced	O
prematurity	O
and	O
cases	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
distress	I-DISO
in	O
newborns	O
of	O
infected	O
mothers	O
have	O
been	O
described	O
.	O

Pregnancy	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
period	O
at	O
higher	O
risk	O
for	O
the	O
consequences	O
of	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infections	I-DISO
,	O
as	O
for	O
influenza	B-DISO
,	O
so	O
it	O
seems	O
important	O
to	O
screen	O
for	O
Covid	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
symptoms	O
and	O
to	O
monitor	O
closely	O
pregnant	O
women	O
.	O

At	O
the	O
genetic	O
level	O
,	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
is	O
closely	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
and	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
,	O
to	O
MERS	O
-	O
CoV	O
,	O
which	O
appeared	O
as	O
epidemiological	O
threats	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Cardiovascular	B-ANAT
Considerations	O
for	O
Patients	O
,	O
Health	O
Care	O
Workers	O
,	O
and	O
Health	O
Systems	O
During	O
the	O
Coronavirus	O
Disease	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
Pandemic	O
.	O

Fourth	O
,	O
the	O
response	O
to	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
can	O
compromise	O
the	O
rapid	O
triage	O
of	O
non	O
-	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
cardiovascular	B-ANAT
conditions	O
.	O

Currently	O
,	O
the	O
research	O
on	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
is	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
primary	O
stage	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Recently	O
,	O
two	O
coronaviruses	O
,	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
Middle	O
East	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	B-DISO
coronavirus	B-SPEC
,	O
have	O
emerged	O
to	O
cause	O
unusually	O
severe	O
respiratory	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
in	O
humans	B-SPEC
.	O

Many	O
CoV	O
proteins	B-CHED
are	O
modified	O
by	O
PTMs	O
,	O
including	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
and	O
palmitoylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
spike	O
and	O
envelope	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
,	O
N	O
-	O
or	O
O	O
-	O
linked	O
glycosylation	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
membrane	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
,	O
phosphorylation	B-PROC
and	O
ADP	B-CHED
-	O
ribosylation	O
of	O
the	O
nucleocapsid	B-COMP
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
other	O
PTMs	O
on	O
nonstructural	O
and	O
accessory	O
proteins	B-CHED
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Signal	B-PRGE
transducer	I-PRGE
and	I-PRGE
activator	I-PRGE
of	I-PRGE
transcription	I-PRGE
3	I-PRGE
(	O
STAT3	B-PRGE
)	O
is	O
a	O
transcription	B-PROC
factor	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
activated	O
by	O
cytokines	B-PRGE
,	I-PRGE
growth	I-PRGE
factor	I-PRGE
receptors	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
nonreceptor	O
-	O
like	O
tyrosine	B-PRGE
kinase	I-PRGE
.	O

Proteases	O
of	O
the	O
renin	B-PATH
-	I-PATH
angiotensin	B-CHED
system	I-PATH
serve	O
as	O
receptors	O
needed	O
for	O
entry	O
into	O
target	B-ANAT
cells	I-ANAT
;	O
this	O
article	O
describes	O
the	O
current	O
knowledge	O
on	O
the	O
involvement	O
of	O
this	O
system	O
in	O
HCoV	O
pathogenesis	B-DISO
.	O

Dermatologists	O
in	O
China	O
have	O
participated	O
in	O
the	O
fight	O
against	O
Covid	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
also	O
discuss	O
issues	O
related	O
to	O
transplant	B-ANAT
-	O
related	O
research	O
during	O
the	O
pandemic	O
,	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
transplant	B-ANAT
infectious	B-DISO
diseases	I-DISO
and	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
transplant	O
societies	O
for	O
education	O
and	O
disseminating	O
current	O
information	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
cytokines	O
and	O
immunosuppression	B-PROC
:	O
what	O
can	O
we	O
learn	B-PROC
from	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
?	O

If	O
found	O
useful	O
in	O
managing	O
initial	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
-	O
infected	O
patients	O
,	O
further	O
evaluation	O
using	O
a	O
randomized	O
control	O
trial	O
design	O
is	O
warranted	O
to	O
guide	O
future	O
therapeutic	O
use	O
of	O
this	O
combination	O
.	O

In	O
view	O
of	O
a	O
potential	O
epidemic	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
specific	O
requirements	O
to	O
handle	O
it	O
are	O
also	O
given	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
:	O
Coronavirus	O
disease	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
has	O
raised	O
urgent	O
questions	O
about	O
containment	O
and	O
mitigation	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
countries	O
where	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
has	O
not	O
yet	O
established	O
human	B-SPEC
-	O
to	O
-	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

These	O
cases	O
were	O
linked	O
to	O
a	O
wet	O
animal	B-SPEC
wholesale	O
market	O
in	O
the	O
region	O
and	O
,	O
after	O
extensive	O
epidemiologic	O
investigation	O
,	O
led	O
to	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
novel	B-SPEC
coronavirus	I-SPEC
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
).	O

COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
is	O
among	O
a	O
family	B-SPEC
of	O
viruses	B-SPEC
-	O
called	O
coronaviruses	O
-	O
that	O
can	O
affect	O
both	O
humans	B-SPEC
and	O
animals	B-SPEC
(	O
Zhu	O
et	O
al	O
.,	O
2020	O
).	O

Suggested	O
treatment	O
included	O
providing	O
oxygen	B-CHED
,	O
inhalations	B-PROC
,	O
nutritional	O
support	O
and	O
maintaining	O
fluids	B-ANAT
and	O
electrolyte	O
balances	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Urology	O
practice	O
during	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pandemic	O
.	O

This	O
document	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
valid	O
tool	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
routine	O
clinical	O
practice	O
and	O
,	O
possibly	O
,	O
a	O
cornerstone	O
for	O
further	O
discussion	O
on	O
the	O
topic	O
also	O
considering	O
the	O
further	O
evolution	B-PROC
of	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pandemic	O
.	O

To	O
assess	O
the	O
magnitude	O
of	O
mental	O
health	O
outcomes	O
and	O
associated	O
factors	O
among	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
treating	O
patients	O
exposed	O
to	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
China	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
survey	O
of	O
heath	O
care	O
workers	O
in	O
hospitals	O
equipped	O
with	O
fever	B-PROC
clinics	O
or	O
wards	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
in	O
Wuhan	O
and	O
other	O
regions	O
in	O
China	O
,	O
participants	O
reported	O
experiencing	O
psychological	B-DISO
burden	O
,	O
especially	O
nurses	O
,	O
women	O
,	O
those	O
in	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
and	O
frontline	O
health	O
care	O
workers	O
directly	O
engaged	O
in	O
the	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
treatment	O
,	O
and	O
care	O
for	O
patients	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

As	O
public	O
health	O
officials	O
seek	O
to	O
contain	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
mitigate	O
the	O
deleterious	O
effects	O
on	O
worldwide	O
population	O
health	O
,	O
a	O
related	O
threat	O
has	O
emerged	O
:	O
global	O
media	B-ANAT
exposure	O
to	O
the	O
crisis	O
.	O

We	O
review	O
research	O
suggesting	O
that	O
repeated	O
media	B-ANAT
exposure	O
to	O
community	O
crisis	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
increased	O
anxiety	O
,	O
heightened	O
stress	O
responses	O
that	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
downstream	O
effects	O
on	O
health	O
,	O
and	O
misplaced	O
health	O
-	O
protective	O
and	O
help	O
-	O
seeking	O
behaviors	B-PROC
that	O
can	O
overburden	O
health	O
care	O
facilities	O
and	O
tax	O
available	O
resources	O
.	O

SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RBD	O
-	O
specific	O
antibodies	B-COMP
could	O
cross	O
-	O
react	O
with	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
RBD	I-PRGE
protein	B-CHED
,	O
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RBD	O
-	O
induced	O
antisera	O
could	O
cross	O
-	O
neutralize	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
suggesting	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
develop	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	O
CoV	O
RBD	O
-	O
based	O
vaccines	O
for	O
prevention	O
of	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
and	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

We	O
calculated	O
word	O
frequency	O
,	O
scores	O
of	O
emotional	O
indicators	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
anxiety	O
,	O
depression	B-DISO
,	O
indignation	O
,	O
and	O
Oxford	O
happiness	O
)	O
and	O
cognitive	O
indicators	O
(	O
e	O
.	O
g	O
.,	O
social	O
risk	O
judgment	O
and	O
life	O
satisfaction	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
collected	O
data	O
.	O

The	O
results	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
knowledge	O
gaps	O
of	O
short	O
-	O
term	O
individual	O
changes	O
in	O
psychological	B-DISO
conditions	O
after	O
the	O
outbreak	O
.	O

At	O
present	O
there	O
is	O
limited	O
clinical	O
information	O
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
and	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
specific	O
treatment	O
recommended	O
,	O
although	O
technical	O
guidances	O
and	O
suggestions	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
and	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
updated	O
as	O
additional	O
information	O
becomes	O
available	O
.	O

In	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
define	O
an	O
effective	O
and	O
safe	O
treatment	O
for	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
-	O
associated	O
disease	O
,	O
we	O
provide	O
considerations	O
on	O
the	O
actual	O
treatments	O
,	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
avoid	O
complications	O
and	O
the	O
undesirable	O
side	O
effects	O
related	O
to	O
them	O
and	O
to	O
select	O
and	O
apply	O
earlier	O
the	O
most	O
appropriate	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
[	O
Perinatal	O
and	O
neonatal	O
management	O
plan	B-DISO
for	O
prevention	O
and	O
control	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
(	O
2nd	O
Edition	O
)].	O

With	O
the	O
further	O
understanding	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
especially	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
cases	O
in	O
pregnant	O
women	O
and	O
neonates	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
update	O
the	O
first	O
edition	O
of	O
the	O
management	O
plan	B-DISO
so	O
as	O
to	O
offer	O
a	O
better	O
guide	O
on	O
clinical	O
practice	O
.	O

Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
Working	O
Group	O
has	O
worked	O
out	O
the	O
second	O
edition	O
of	O
the	O
management	O
plan	B-DISO
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Since	O
December	O
2019	O
,	O
an	O
outbreak	O
of	O
severe	O
acute	O
respiratory	O
syndrome	O
coronavirus	O
2	O
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
infection	B-DISO
has	O
spread	O
from	O
China	O
to	O
other	O
countries	O
.	O

Among	O
the	O
9	O
children	O
with	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
5	O
had	O
no	O
symptoms	O
,	O
4	O
had	O
fever	B-PROC
,	O
2	O
had	O
cough	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
1	O
had	O
rhinorrhea	B-DISO
.	O

There	O
were	O
only	O
symptoms	O
of	O
the	O
respiratory	B-ANAT
system	I-ANAT
.	O

Newborns	O
with	O
suspected	O
or	O
confirmed	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
should	O
be	O
transferred	O
to	O
designated	O
hospitals	O
for	O
isolation	O
treatment	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
,	O
a	O
worldwide	O
public	O
health	O
emergency	B-DISO
.	O

Other	O
imaging	O
features	O
included	O
""""	O
crazy	O
-	O
paving	O
pattern	O
""""	O
(	O
89	O
.	O
4	O
%),	O
consolidation	O
(	O
63	O
.	O
8	O
%),	O
and	O
air	B-CHED
bronchogram	O
(	O
76	O
.	O
6	O
%).	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Intrathecal	O
Baclofen	B-CHED
(	O
ITB	O
)	O
has	O
become	O
an	O
increasingly	O
common	O
treatment	O
for	O
severe	O
muscle	B-DISO
spasticity	I-DISO
associated	O
with	O
conditions	O
such	O
as	O
cerebral	B-DISO
palsy	I-DISO
and	O
spinal	B-ANAT
cord	I-ANAT
injury	O
.	O

This	O
case	O
presents	O
the	O
emergency	B-DISO
physician	O
with	O
an	O
atypical	O
presentation	O
and	O
emphasizes	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
a	O
thorough	O
neurologic	O
examination	O
to	O
diagnose	O
patients	O
accurately	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
We	O
argue	O
that	O
enhanced	O
Traffic	O
Control	O
Bundling	O
(	O
eTCB	O
)	O
can	O
interrupt	O
the	O
community	O
-	O
hospital	O
-	O
community	O
transmission	O
cycle	O
,	O
thereby	O
limiting	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
'	O
s	O
impact	O
.	O

Enhanced	O
TCB	O
is	O
an	O
expansion	O
of	O
the	O
traditional	O
TCB	O
that	O
proved	O
highly	O
effective	O
during	O
Taiwan	O
'	O
s	O
2003	O
SARS	B-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

Enhanced	O
TCB	O
incorporates	O
the	O
necessary	O
adaptations	B-PROC
.	O

We	O
have	O
analyzed	O
all	O
available	O
data	O
on	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
international	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
cases	O
from	O
January	O
20th	O
,	O
2020	O
until	O
February	O
18th	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

Given	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
specific	O
anti	O
-	O
viral	O
therapies	O
,	O
the	O
current	O
management	O
of	O
severe	B-DISO
acute	I-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
coronaviruses	O
(	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
)	O
is	O
mainly	O
supportive	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
several	O
compounds	O
are	O
now	O
under	O
investigation	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
this	O
life	O
-	O
threatening	O
disease	O
.	O

However	O
,	O
the	O
increasing	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
pathophysiology	O
of	O
SARS	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
CoV	I-DISO
-	I-DISO
2	I-DISO
infection	I-DISO
is	O
leading	O
to	O
consider	O
some	O
anti	B-CHED
-	I-CHED
rheumatic	I-CHED
drugs	I-CHED
as	O
potential	O
treatment	O
options	O
for	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
.	O

In	O
this	O
review	O
we	O
will	O
critically	O
analyse	O
the	O
evidences	O
on	O
either	O
positive	O
or	O
negative	O
effect	O
of	O
drugs	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
treat	O
RA	O
in	O
this	O
particular	O
scenario	O
,	O
in	O
order	B-SPEC
to	O
optimize	O
the	O
current	O
approach	O
to	O
RA	O
patients	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Hydroxychloroquine	O
and	O
azithromycin	B-CHED
as	O
a	O
treatment	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
:	O
results	O
of	O
an	O
open	O
-	O
label	B-CHED
non	O
-	O
randomized	O
clinical	O
trial	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Chloroquine	O
and	O
hydroxychloroquine	O
have	O
been	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
efficient	O
on	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
,	O
and	O
reported	O
to	O
be	O
efficient	O
in	O
Chinese	O
COV	O
-	O
19	O
patients	O
.	O

CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Despite	O
its	O
small	O
sample	O
size	O
our	O
survey	O
shows	O
that	O
hydroxychloroquine	O
treatment	O
is	O
significantly	O
associated	O
with	O
viral	O
load	O
reduction	O
/	O
disappearance	O
in	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
and	O
its	O
effect	O
is	O
reinforced	O
by	O
azithromycin	B-CHED
.	O

The	O
effect	O
of	O
LH	O
on	O
virion	B-COMP
morphology	O
was	O
visualized	O
under	O
transmission	O
electron	O
microscope	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Evolutionary	O
genetics	O
of	O
canine	O
respiratory	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
and	O
recent	O
introduction	O
into	O
Swedish	O
dogs	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Over	O
our	O
study	O
period	O
,	O
no	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
was	O
detected	O
.	O

Excluding	O
72	O
patients	O
with	O
normal	O
images	O
,	O
230	O
of	O
573	O
patients	O
affected	O
more	O
than	O
two	O
lobes	B-ANAT
.	O

There	O
is	O
a	O
growing	O
understanding	O
of	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
in	O
the	O
virology	O
,	O
epidemiology	O
and	O
clinical	O
management	O
strategies	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Tilorone	O
is	O
a	O
50	O
-	O
year	O
-	O
old	O
synthetic	O
small	O
-	O
molecule	O
compound	O
with	O
antiviral	O
activity	O
that	O
is	O
proposed	O
to	O
induce	O
interferon	B-PRGE
after	O
oral	B-ANAT
administration	O
.	O

The	O
phylogenetic	O
analysis	O
reveals	O
the	O
evolutionary	O
relationships	O
of	O
temporins	O
(	O
AMPs	O
),	O
which	O
are	O
branched	O
into	O
seven	O
clusters	B-CHED
.	O

Further	O
,	O
demonstration	O
of	O
novel	O
Cytotoxic	B-ANAT
T	I-ANAT
lymphocyte	I-ANAT
epitopes	O
may	O
impart	O
opportunities	O
for	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
peptide	B-CHED
based	O
vaccine	O
for	O
the	O
prevention	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
nCoV	I-SPEC
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Acute	B-DISO
respiratory	I-DISO
distress	I-DISO
syndrome	I-DISO
-	O
attributable	O
mortality	O
in	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-SPEC
.	O

We	O
sought	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
independent	O
association	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
with	O
in	O
-	O
hospital	O
mortality	O
among	O
intensive	O
care	O
unit	O
(	O
ICU	O
)	O
patients	O
with	O
sepsis	B-DISO
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
occurred	O
in	O
195	O
EARLI	O
patients	O
(	O
41	O
%)	O
and	O
99	O
VALID	O
patients	O
(	O
29	O
%).	O

Clinical	O
trials	O
targeting	B-PROC
patients	O
with	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
will	O
be	O
best	O
poised	O
to	O
detect	O
measurable	O
differences	O
in	O
these	O
outcomes	O
.	O

The	O
difficult	O
Italian	O
experience	O
may	O
help	O
other	O
countries	O
to	O
face	B-DISO
the	O
challenges	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Under	O
specific	O
circumstances	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
during	O
the	O
current	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
outbreak	O
,	O
pregnant	O
women	O
can	O
be	O
a	O
target	O
for	O
respiratory	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
,	O
and	O
lung	B-ANAT
examination	O
may	O
be	O
required	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
clinical	O
evaluation	O
,	O
ideally	O
avoiding	O
exposure	O
to	O
radiation	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Establishment	O
and	O
validation	O
of	O
a	O
pseudovirus	O
neutralization	O
assay	O
for	O
SARS	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
CoV	I-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
2	I-SPEC
.	O

Due	O
to	O
its	O
high	O
pathogenicity	O
and	O
infectivity	O
and	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
effective	O
vaccines	O
and	O
therapeutics	O
,	O
live	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
has	O
to	O
be	O
handled	O
under	O
biosafety	O
level	O
3	O
conditions	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
hindered	O
the	O
development	B-PROC
of	O
vaccines	O
and	O
therapeutics	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
a	O
VSV	O
pseudovirus	O
production	O
system	O
,	O
a	O
pseudovirus	O
-	O
based	O
neutralization	O
assay	O
has	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
evaluating	O
neutralizing	O
antibodies	B-COMP
against	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
in	O
biosafety	O
level	O
2	O
facilities	O
.	O

The	O
cutoff	O
values	O
were	O
set	O
as	O
30	O
and	O
50	O
for	O
human	B-SPEC
and	O
mouse	B-SPEC
serum	B-COMP
samples	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
""""	O
Action	O
at	O
a	O
distance	O
""""	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
new	O
norm	O
for	O
clinical	O
researchers	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
the	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
pandemic	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
require	O
social	O
distancing	O
for	O
the	O
next	O
18	O
months	O
.	O

Implement	O
technology	O
now	O
:	O
Minimize	O
face	B-DISO
-	O
to	O
-	O
face	B-DISO
contact	O
with	O
participants	O
by	O
utilizing	O
digital	B-ANAT
tools	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
shifting	O
to	O
electronic	O
informed	O
consent	O
and	O
digital	B-ANAT
HIPAA	O
-	O
compliant	O
tools	O
like	O
emailed	O
surveys	O
or	O
telehealth	O
assessments	O
.	O

Assess	O
the	O
psychological	B-DISO
and	O
social	O
impact	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
:	O
How	O
are	O
participants	O
coping	O
?	O

Mobilize	O
research	O
platforms	O
for	O
patient	O
needs	O
:	O
Leverage	O
our	O
relationships	O
with	O
participants	O
and	O
rapidly	O
deploy	O
novel	O
clinical	O
engagement	O
techniques	O
such	O
as	O
digital	B-ANAT
tools	O
to	O
intervene	O
remotely	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
negative	O
effects	O
of	O
social	O
isolation	O
on	O
our	O
participants	O
.	O

RESULTS	O
:	O
Among	O
67	O
patients	O
,	O
3	O
(	O
4	O
.	O
5	O
%)	O
were	O
mild	O
cases	O
,	O
35	O
(	O
52	O
.	O
2	O
%)	O
were	O
ordinary	O
cases	O
,	O
22	O
(	O
32	O
.	O
8	O
%)	O
were	O
severe	O
cases	O
,	O
and	O
7	O
(	O
10	O
.	O
4	O
%)	O
were	O
critically	B-DISO
ill	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
effectiveness	O
and	O
validity	O
of	O
infection	B-DISO
control	O
,	O
justification	O
for	O
the	O
timing	O
of	O
inspections	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
itself	O
are	O
now	O
all	O
in	O
question	O
.	O

The	O
first	O
line	O
Hospital	O
had	O
to	O
redesign	O
its	O
logistical	O
and	O
departmental	O
structure	O
to	O
respond	O
to	O
the	O
influx	O
of	O
2019	B-SPEC
-	I-SPEC
ncov	I-SPEC
positive	O
patients	O
who	O
needed	O
hospitalisation	O
.	O

Our	O
model	O
can	O
be	O
adjusted	O
to	O
account	O
for	O
exportation	O
of	O
cases	O
from	O
other	O
locations	O
as	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
spreads	O
and	O
more	O
information	O
on	O
importations	O
and	O
transmission	O
becomes	O
available	O
.	O

Strategic	O
planning	O
and	O
adequate	O
protections	O
can	O
help	O
protect	O
patients	O
and	O
staff	O
against	O
a	O
highly	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
while	O
allow	O
normal	O
functioning	O
at	O
a	O
high	O
-	O
volume	O
capacity	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Due	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
development	B-PROC
around	O
the	O
COVID	O
-	O
19	O
pandemic	O
,	O
palliative	O
ch	O
has	O
created	O
a	O
Task	O
Force	O
to	O
provide	O
recommendations	O
for	O
health	O
professionals	O
on	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
palliative	O
care	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
various	O
settings	O
‒	O
inpatient	O
and	O
outpatient	O
.	O

Regarding	O
the	O
traditional	O
Chinese	O
medicine	B-CHED
,	O
Professor	O
Lu	O
suggests	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
creative	O
evaluation	O
system	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
complicated	O
chemical	O
compositions	O
.	O

Patients	O
with	O
diabetes	B-DISO
and	O
foot	B-DISO
ulcers	I-DISO
are	O
at	O
increased	O
risk	O
for	O
infections	B-DISO
,	O
hospitalization	O
,	O
amputations	O
,	O
and	O
death	B-PROC
.	O

The	O
goal	O
of	O
podiatrists	O
during	O
the	O
pandemic	O
is	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
burden	O
on	O
the	O
healthcare	O
system	O
by	O
keeping	O
diabetic	B-DISO
foot	I-DISO
and	O
wound	O
patients	O
safe	O
,	O
functional	O
,	O
and	O
at	O
home	O
.	O

ACE	B-PRGE
(	O
angiotensin	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
converting	I-PRGE
enzyme	I-PRGE
)	O
inhibitors	B-CHED
do	O
not	O
inhibit	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
because	O
ACE	B-PRGE
and	O
ACE2	B-PRGE
are	O
different	O
enzymes	O
.	O

The	O
project	O
was	O
originally	O
directed	O
towards	O
a	O
use	O
case	O
for	O
the	O
Q	O
-	O
UEL	O
language	O
and	O
its	O
implementation	O
in	O
a	O
knowledge	O
management	O
and	O
automated	O
inference	O
system	O
for	O
medicine	B-CHED
called	O
the	O
BioIngine	O
,	O
but	O
focus	O
here	O
remains	O
mostly	O
on	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
itself	O
.	O

Worldwide	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
over	O
164	O
,	O
000	O
cases	O
identified	O
and	O
over	O
6	O
,	O
500	O
deaths	B-PROC
attributed	O
to	O
the	O
viral	B-DISO
infection	I-DISO
.	O

As	O
of	O
March	O
15	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
over	O
3	O
,	O
700	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
and	O
68	O
deaths	B-PROC
ascribed	O
to	O
Covid	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
(	O
the	O
disease	O
caused	O
by	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
)	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
[	O
https	O
://	O
www	O
.	O
livescience	O
.	O
com	B-CHED
/	O
coronavirus	B-SPEC
-	O
updates	O
-	O
unitedstates	O
.	O
html	O
].	O

This	O
study	O
is	O
performed	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
patients	O
who	O
succumbed	O
to	O
and	O
who	O
recovered	O
from	O
2019	B-DISO
novel	I-DISO
coronavirus	I-DISO
disease	I-DISO
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
).	O

A	O
retrospective	O
investigation	O
was	O
conducted	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
clinical	O
characteristics	O
of	O
fatal	O
cases	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
(	O
death	B-PROC
group	O
)	O
and	O
compare	O
them	O
with	O
recovered	O
patients	O
(	O
recovered	O
group	O
).	O

Categorical	O
variables	O
were	O
analyzed	O
by	O
χ	O
test	O
or	O
Fisher	B-SPEC
'	O
s	O
exact	O
tests	O
as	O
appropriate	O
.	O

More	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
groups	O
had	O
complications	O
such	O
as	O
ARDS	B-DISO
,	O
acute	O
cardiac	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
acute	O
kidney	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
shock	O
,	O
and	O
DIC	B-DISO
.	O

More	O
patients	O
in	O
the	O
death	B-PROC
group	O
had	O
underlying	O
diseases	O
(	O
72	O
.	O
5	O
%	O
vs	O
.	O
41	O
.	O
5	O
%,	O
χ	O
=	O
22	O
.	O
105	O
,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
).	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Invasive	B-DISO
Aspergillosis	I-DISO
After	O
Non	O
-	O
Fatal	O
Drowning	O
.	O

The	O
aim	O
of	O
this	O
study	O
was	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
mutation	O
(	O
s	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
sequence	O
of	O
the	O
spike	O
protein	B-CHED
of	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV	I-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
2	I-PRGE
that	O
might	O
be	O
favoring	O
human	B-SPEC
to	O
human	B-SPEC
transmission	O
.	O

Most	O
general	O
hospital	O
wards	O
have	O
ventilation	O
systems	O
that	O
drive	O
air	B-CHED
and	O
thus	O
contaminants	O
from	O
the	O
patient	O
areas	O
towards	O
the	O
corridors	O
.	O

Risk	O
factors	O
for	O
death	B-PROC
within	O
28	O
days	O
were	O
also	O
evaluated	O
.	O

Accumulated	O
FBs	B-DISO
of	O
48	O
,	O
72	O
,	O
96	O
,	O
and	O
168	O
hours	O
were	O
also	O
similar	O
.	O

Age	O
and	O
inhalation	B-PROC
injury	O
were	O
independent	O
factors	O
for	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

Current	O
tidal	O
volume	O
,	O
driving	O
pressure	O
,	O
red	B-ANAT
blood	I-ANAT
cell	I-ANAT
transfusion	O
,	O
acute	O
renal	B-ANAT
injury	O
,	O
and	O
FB	O
were	O
not	O
predictors	O
of	O
ARDS	B-DISO
.	O

ARDS	B-DISO
(	O
HR	O
=	O
3	O
.	O
63	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
36	O
to	O
9	O
.	O
68	O
;	O
P	O
=	O
0	O
.	O
01	O
)	O
and	O
burned	O
body	B-ANAT
surface	O
area	O
(	O
HR	O
=	O
1	O
.	O
03	O
,	O
95	O
%	O
CI	O
1	O
.	O
02	O
to	O
1	O
.	O
05	O
;	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
were	O
associated	O
with	O
death	B-PROC
in	O
28	O
days	O
.	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
Widespread	O
,	O
non	O
-	O
stop	O
,	O
and	O
often	O
sensational	O
coverage	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
has	O
caught	O
many	O
governments	O
flat	O
-	O
footed	O
in	O
efforts	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
health	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
their	O
citizens	O
.	O

TITLE	O
:	O
Epidemiological	O
and	O
Clinical	O
Predictors	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
status	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
PCR	O
testing	O
of	O
sputum	B-ANAT
,	O
nasopharyngeal	B-ANAT
swabs	O
or	O
throat	B-ANAT
swabs	O
.	O

Model	O
development	B-PROC
used	O
Akaike	O
'	O
s	O
information	O
criterion	O
in	O
a	O
stepwise	O
fashion	O
to	O
build	O
logistic	O
regression	O
models	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
then	O
translated	O
into	O
prediction	O
scores	O
.	O

More	O
than	O
150	O
,	O
000	O
confirmed	O
cases	O
worldwide	O
are	O
reported	O
by	O
the	O
SARS	B-PRGE
-	I-PRGE
CoV2	I-PRGE
,	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
5	O
,	O
000	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
-	O
related	O
deaths	B-PROC
on	O
March	O
14th	O
,	O
2020	O
.	O

Finally	O
,	O
Higher	O
rates	O
of	O
ICU	O
admission	O
(	O
9	O
.	O
56	O
%	O
vs	O
1	O
.	O
38	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
and	O
methylprednisolone	B-CHED
application	O
(	O
28	O
.	O
68	O
%	O
vs	O
9	O
.	O
36	O
%,	O
P	O
<	O
0	O
.	O
001	O
)	O
were	O
also	O
identified	O
in	O
older	O
patients	O
.	O

The	O
specific	O
epidemiological	O
and	O
clinical	O
features	O
of	O
older	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
included	O
significantly	O
higher	O
female	O
gender	O
,	O
body	B-ANAT
temperature	O
,	O
co	O
-	O
existing	O
of	O
basic	O
diseases	O
and	O
rate	O
of	O
severe	O
and	O
critical	O
type	O
.	O

Second	O
,	O
the	O
great	O
advancements	O
in	O
speed	O
and	O
power	O
of	O
science	O
and	O
international	O
collaboration	O
have	O
been	O
critical	O
in	O
providing	O
knowledge	O
about	O
the	O
virus	B-SPEC
and	O
disease	O
.	O

Third	O
,	O
public	O
risk	O
communications	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
combat	B-CHED
false	O
information	O
and	O
rumours	O
are	O
even	O
more	O
crucial	O
in	O
this	O
age	O
of	O
social	O
media	B-ANAT
and	O
viral	O
information	O
spread	O
.	O

Although	O
increased	O
dead	B-PROC
-	O
space	O
ventilation	O
(	O
V	O
Forty	O
-	O
two	O
consecutive	O
patients	O
with	O
early	O
moderate	O
and	O
severe	O
ARDS	B-DISO
were	O
included	O
.	O

V	O
Percentage	O
of	O
small	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
perfused	O
(	O
PPV	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
microcirculatory	O
flow	O
index	O
(	O
MFI	O
)	O
were	O
inverse	O
and	O
significantly	O
related	O
to	O
V	O
Increased	O
heterogeneity	O
of	O
microcirculatory	O
blood	B-PROC
flow	I-PROC
evaluated	O
at	O
sublingual	B-ANAT
mucosa	B-ANAT
seems	O
to	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
increases	O
in	O
V	O
RESULTS	O
:	O
Percentage	O
of	O
small	B-ANAT
vessels	I-ANAT
perfused	O
(	O
PPV	B-CHED
)	O
and	O
microcirculatory	O
flow	O
index	O
(	O
MFI	O
)	O
were	O
inverse	O
and	O
significantly	O
related	O
to	O
V	O
CONCLUSIONS	O
:	O
Increased	O
heterogeneity	O
of	O
microcirculatory	O
blood	O
flow	O
evaluated	O
at	O
sublingual	B-ANAT
mucosa	B-ANAT
seems	O
to	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
increases	O
in	O
V	O

ABSTRACT	O
:	O
To	O
systematically	O
analyze	O
CT	O
findings	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
and	O
progressive	O
stages	O
of	O
natural	O
course	O
of	O
coronavirus	O
disease	O
2019	O
and	O
also	O
to	O
explore	O
possible	O
changes	O
in	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
parenchymal	O
abnormalities	O
during	O
these	O
two	O
stages	O
.	O

CT	O
characteristics	O
and	O
the	O
distribution	O
,	O
size	O
,	O
and	O
CT	O
score	O
of	O
pulmonary	B-ANAT
parenchymal	O
abnormalities	O
were	O
assessed	O
.	O

•	O
Multiple	O
GGOs	O
with	O
consolidations	O
in	O
the	O
periphery	O
of	O
the	O
lungs	B-ANAT
were	O
the	O
primary	O
CT	O
characteristic	O
of	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
.	O

The	O
halo	B-DISO
sign	I-DISO
may	O
be	O
a	O
special	O
CT	O
feature	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
-	O
stage	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
patients	O
.	O

Based	O
on	O
literature	O
search	O
and	O
interviews	O
with	O
some	O
HCP	B-DISO
working	O
at	O
Wuhan	O
,	O
capital	O
city	O
of	O
Hubei	O
,	O
we	O
have	O
summarized	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
effective	O
measures	O
taken	O
to	O
reduce	O
infection	B-DISO
among	O
HCP	B-DISO
,	O
and	O
also	O
made	O
suggestions	O
for	O
improving	O
occupational	O
safety	O
during	O
an	O
infectious	B-DISO
disease	I-DISO
outbreak	O
.	O

There	O
is	O
an	O
urgent	O
need	O
to	O
understand	O
why	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
coronavirus	O
that	O
started	O
in	O
late	O
2019	O
(	O
COVID	B-DISO
-	I-DISO
19	I-DISO
)	O
is	O
affecting	O
different	O
groups	O
of	O
individuals	O
with	O
varying	O
severity	O
during	O
the	O
ongoing	O
global	O
pandemic	O
.	O

The	O
virus	B-SPEC
will	O
continue	O
to	O
spread	O
until	O
an	O
effective	O
vaccine	O
exists	O
or	O
sufficient	O
members	O
of	O
our	O
global	O
population	O
have	O
been	O
infected	O
to	O
establish	O
herd	B-PROC
immunity	I-PROC
.	O