Patent Document:

the resultant formulation is chemically and physically stable and can be a suspension or a solution of the pharmacologically active substance . preferably it is filled into a preservative - free , airless multi - dose device able to accurately deliver doses of the above formulation , also at higher viscosities . once at the absorption site , the drug or the drug particles should be efficiently trapped at the deposition site and be absorbed at a predictable rate across the mucous membrane of the patient , thereby limiting possible deactivation by metabolizing enzymes and / or protein - binding . the term “ sexual hormone drug ” shall mean at least one sexual hormone ( such as testosterone ) or at least one biologic pro - drug of a sexual hormone ( such as androstenedione , progesterone , 17 - α - hydroxyprogesterone ) or at least one derivative of a sexual hormone ( such as mestanolone and 4 - chloro - 1 - dehydromethyltestosterone ) or a combination thereof . in a preferred embodiment the sexual hormone drug is testosterone . the sexual hormone drug is comprised within the formulation in an amount of from 0 . 5 to 6 % by weight , preferably 2 to 4 % by weight , more preferably 0 . 5 to 2 % by weight , and most preferably at around 2 % by weight the drug of this invention may be introduced into the formulation also in a processed form such as microspheres , liposomes etc . the term “ lipophilic carrier ” shall comprise , but not limited to , a vegetable oil such as castor oil , soybean oil , sesame oil or peanut oil , fatty acid ester such as ethyl - and oleyloleat , isopropylmyristate , medium chain triglycerides , glycerol esters of fatty acids , or polyethylene glycol , phospholipids , white soft paraffin , or hydrogenated castor oil . particularly useful is castor oil . the incorporation of the drug is also possible into an oil mixture . the particular amount of oil that constitutes an effective amount is dependent on the particular viscosity regulating agent ( see below ) used in the formulation . it is therefore not practical to enumerate specific amounts for use with specific formulations of the invention . generally , however , the lipophilic part can be present in a formulation in an amount between 30 % and 98 % by weight , preferably between 60 and 98 % by weight , more preferably between 75 % and 95 % by weight , even more preferably between 85 % and 95 % by weight and most preferably around 90 % by weight of the formulation . component ( c ) shall comprise at least a surfactant such as , but not limited to , lecithin , fatty acid ester of polyvalent alcohols , of sorbitanes , of polyoxyethylensorbitans , of polyoxyethylene , of sucrose , of polyglycerol and / or at least one humectant such as sorbitol , glycerine , polyethylene glycol , or macrogol glycerol fatty acid ester . particularly useful , however , are oleoyl macrogolglycerides ( such as labrafil m 1944 cs , as available from gattefossé ( franco )). the incorporation of the drug is also possible into a surfactant mixture . the particular amount of surfactant that constitutes an effective amount is dependent on the particular oil or oil mixture ( see above ) used in the formulation . it is therefore not practical to enumerate specific amounts for use with specific formulations of the invention . generally , however , the surfactant can be present in a formulation in an amount of from 1 to 20 % by weight , preferably 1 to 10 % by weight , more preferably 1 to 5 % by weight , and most preferably at around 4 % by weight . the term “ viscosity regulating agent ” shall mean a thickener or gelling agent . examples are , but not limited to , cellulose and derivatives thereof , polysaccharides , carbomers , polyvinyl alcohol , povidone , colloidal silicon dioxide , cetyl alcohols , stearic acid , beeswax , petrolatum , triglycerides or lanolin . particularly useful however is colloidal silicon dioxide ( such as acrosil 200 , as available from degussa ). the incorporation of the drug is also possible into a mixture of thickeners or gelling agents . the particular amount of thickener / gelling agent that constitutes an effective amount is dependent on the particular oil or oil mixture ( see above ) used in the formulation . it is therefore not practical to enumerate specific amounts for use with specific formulations of the invention . generally , however , the thickener / gelling agent ( s ) can be present in a formulation in an amount from 0 . 5 to 10 % by weight , preferably 0 . 5 to 5 % by weight , more preferably 1 to 3 % by weight , and most preferably at around 3 % by weight . the formulation according to this invention may also be processed into powder form , e . g . by lyophilization or spray - drying . generally the formulations of the invention can be prepared very easily by conventional methods , i . e . : the thickener or gelling agent is added to a sufficient amount of water and dispersed with high speed mixing and , if necessary , a surfactant ( mixture 1 ). in a second container water and / or the lipophilic carrier are introduced and , if necessary , a surfactant ( mixture 2 ). to mixture 2 the hormone is added very carefully avoiding introducing air . mixture 2 is added to mixture 1 , if necessary ph and tonicity are adjusted and the final mixture is homogenised and sterilised . lipophilic carrier and emulsifier are filled into a stirrer vessel and about 75 % of the viscosity regulating agent is mixed in . the hormone is added under stirring until a homogenous dispersion of the active ingredient is obtained . then the formulation is adjusted to the necessary viscosity with the rest of the viscosity regulating agent . the formulation is preferably filled into a preservative - free , airless nasal spray device such as the comod system available from ursatec . by “ higher availability ” is meant that after a single application a serum level of sexual hormone significantly higher than baseline is maintained for 6 hours , more preferably for 8 hours and most preferably for at least 10 hours . because sexual hormones are nearly not soluble in water liberation from the formulation is the speed - limiting step for adsorption . it has been surprisingly found that the incorporation of a sexual hormone drug such as testosterone in an oily formulation containing a suitable surfactant according to the invention leads of to physiologic serum levels and to a steady , sustained action of the hormone over time . on one hand , the release of the hormone is sustained due to its solubility in the oily carrier and to the viscosity of the formulation remaining on the mucous membrane for a prolonged duration of time . on the other hand , upon contact of the formulation with the humidity of the mucous membrane the drug &# 39 ; s precipitation is hindered by the surfactant &# 39 ; s property to form oil drops containing the drug . thus by adding a suitable surfactant to the formulation the dissolution pattern of the hormone becomes more favourable and effective because there is no big variability in dissolution ensuring bioequivalence . the formulation shown below was selected considering the serum level of the active ingredient achieved but it also exhibits a skin care property which is important for long term applications . comparing different formulations ( see fig1 ) containing testosterone it is obvious that cmax is clearly decreased in the special oily formulation of this invention , which is desirable in view of toxicological considerations . further the level of unbound testosterone is very constant over at least 10 hours mimicking the physiologic daily rhythm of testosterone release . the dotted line shows the serum level after application of 1 spray per nostril once of the most preferred formulation ( see table 1 ). it can be concluded that the formulation for nasal application of this invention is different from conventional formulations , especially to those for sustained release , as it is mimicking the physiologic daily rhythm of testosterone release . it is also avoiding supra - and sub - normal testosterone levels , which is pleasant for the patient and a demand for hormone replacement therapy . as shown in fig1 ( upper line ), a simple nasal spray containing testosterone is unsatisfactory in this sense . the features disclosed in the foregoing description , in the claims and / or in the drawings may , both separately and in any combination thereof , be material for realising the invention in diverse forms thereof .

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