Patent Document:

throughout this document , all temperatures are given in degrees celsius and all percentages are weight percentages , unless otherwise stated . the term “ halogen ” or “ halo ” refers to f , cl , i , or br . the term “ alkyl ”, “ alkenyl ”, or “ alkynyl ” refers to a straight chain or branched chain carbon radical containing the designated number of carbon atoms . the term “ alkoxy ” refers to a straight or branched chain alkoxy group . the term “ halo alkyl ” refers to a straight or branched alkyl group substituted with one or more halo atoms . the term “ halo alkoxy ” refers to an alkoxy group substituted with one or more halo atoms . the term “ aryl ” or “ ph ” refers to a phenyl group . the term “ substituted aryl ” refers to a phenyl group substituted with c 12 - c 6 alkyl , c 1 - c 6 alkoxy , halo - c 1 - c 6 alkyl , halo - c 1 - c 6 alkoxy , halo , nitro , carbo - c 1 - c 6 alkoxy , or cyano . the term “ heteroaryl ” refers to pyridyl , pyridinyl , pyrazinyl or pyridazinyl . the term “ me ” refers to a methyl group . the term “ et ” refers to an ethyl group . the term “ pr ” refers to a propyl group . the term “ bu ” refers to a butyl group . the term “ ppm ” refers to parts per million . the term , “ psi ” refers to pounds per square inch . while all the compounds of this invention have fungicidal activity , certain classes of compounds may be preferred for reasons such as , for example , greater efficacy or ease of synthesis . a more preferred class includes those compounds of formula ( 3 ), below a next more preferred class includes those compounds of formula ( 4 ), below a next more preferred class includes those compounds of formula ( 5 ), below a next more preferred class includes those compounds of formula ( 6 ), below wherein x is methyl , halo , or haloalkyl and the additional substituents are as defined in formula ( 1 ), above . currently , it is sometimes preferred when r 1 is hydrogen , c 1 - 4 alkyl , formyl , alkanoyl , alkoxycarbonyl , dialkylaminocarbonyl , or dialkylphosphonyl and r 5 is h , c 1 - 4 alkyl . compounds of the present invention may be prepared by routes commonly known in the art using commercially available or readily synthesized starting materials . such general procedures are described in scheme 1 and scheme 2 , below , wherein the substituents are as described in formula ( 1 ), above , and v is a leaving group , such as , for example , f , cl , or so 2 ch 3 . an compound of formula ( 8 ) is reacted with an appropriately substituted pyridine derivative of formula ( 7 ) in the presence of a base in an aprotic solvent . examples of an appropriate solvent for this reaction would include , but are not restricted to , tetrahydrofuran , dimethyl sulphoxide , acetone , acetonitrile , dimethyl formamide , or n - methylpyrrolidinone . examples of an appropriate base for this reaction would include , but are not restricted to , sodium hydride , potassium hydride , potassium carbonate , potassium t - butoxide , or a tertiary amine derivative such as triethylamine . a ketone derivative of formula ( 9 ) is reacted with an organometallic reagent of the form r 3 — m in a compatible solvent to give an alcohol of the formula ( 10 ). examples of a group r 3 — m would include , but are not restricted to a grignard reagent such as methyl magnesium bromide , an organolithium reagent such as phenyl lithium or a hydride transfer reagent such as sodium borohydride . examples of a suitable solvent would be tetrahydrofuran , diethyl ether , or an appropriate alcohol , selected by compatibility with the reagent and the transformation being carried out . the compound of formula ( 10 ) may be further derivatised by reaction with an appropriate alkylating or acylating reagent r 1 — q , optionally in the presence of an appropriate base . compounds of the formula r 1 — q would include , but are not restricted to acetic anhydride , benzyl bromide , dimethyl carbamoyl chloride , ethyl chloroformate , diethyl phosphoryl chloride , 5 - chloro - 3 - methyl - 2 - methylsulphonylpyridine . examples of a suitable base would include , but are not restricted to a tertiary amine such as triethylamine or pyridine , sodium carbonate , sodium hydride , potassium hydride , or potassium t - butoxide . a compound of formula ( 10 ) may also be reacted with a sulphonyl chloride of the formula rso 2 cl ) in the presence of a suitable base in a compatible solvent to give the corresponding chloride of formula ( 11 ). examples of a suitable sulphonyl chloride would be methanesulphonyl chloride , p - toluenesulphonyl chloride , and examples of a suitable base would be pyridine , triethylamine , or hünig &# 39 ; s base . the compound of formula ( 11 ) may be reacted further with a metal alkoxide salt in a compatible solvent to give a compound of formula ( 1 ). examples of a suitable metal alkoxide would include sodium methoxide , potassium ethoxide , or magnesium methoxide produced in situ by the addition of magnesium metal to methanol . the following examples further illustrate this invention . the examples should not be construed as limiting the invention in any manner . 5 - acetyl - 2 , 3 - dichloropyridine ( 24 . 5 g , 0 . 129 mol ) was slurried in t - butanol ( 200 ml ) and sodium methanethiolate ( 10 g , 0 . 143 mol ) was added . the mixture was heated under reflux conditions for two hours , cooled to room temperature , and diluted with water ( 200 ml ) and ether ( 150 ml ). this was separated and the aqueous phase extracted with ether ( 50 ml ). the combined organic extracts were washed with water ( 100 ml ) and saturated sodium chloride solution ( 100 ml ), dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , and evaporated to dryness to give the desired product ( 24 . 1 g , 94 %) as a pale , low melting solid . 5 - acetyl - 3 - chloro - 2 - methylthiopyridine ( 24 . 1 g , 0 . 12 mol ) was slurried in absolute ethanol ( 200 ml ) and sodium borohydride ( 4 . 5 g , 0 . 118 mol ) added in portions . the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours and acidified to ph 2 with 2n hydrochloric acid . this was then diluted with water ( 200 ml ) and the bulk of the ethanol evaporated under reduced pressure , the temperature of the mixture being maintained below 50 ° c . the reaction mixture was diluted with water ( 200 ml ) and extracted twice with dichloromethane ( 15 ml ). the combined organic extracts were washed with water ( 200 ml ) and saturated sodium chloride solution ( 100 ml ), dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , and evaporated to dryness to give the desired product ( 21 . 9 g , 90 %) as an orange oil . 3 - chloro - 5 -( 1 - hydroxyethyl )- 2 - methylthiopyridine ( 21 . 9 g , 0 . 108 mol ) was dissolved with stirring in anhydrous dmf ( 250 ml ) and 60 % sodium hydride ( 5 g , 0 . 125 mol ) added in portions . the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and benzyl bromide ( 17 . 6 g , 0 . 103 mol ) added dropwise . the mixture was then stirred at room temperature for four hours , diluted with water ( 400 ml ) and extracted three times with ethyl acetate ( 100 ml ). the combined organic extracts were washed twice with water ( 200 ml ) and saturated sodium chloride solution ( 100 ml ), dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , and evaporated to dryness . purification of the residue by chromatography over silica ( 0 - 5 % ethyl acetate : hexane ) gave the desired product ( 25 . 0 g , 79 %) as a pale yellow oil . 5 -( 1 - benzyloxyethyl )- 3 - chloro - 2 - methylthiopyridine ( 25 g , 0 . 085 mol ) was dissolved with stirring in dichloromethane ( 600 ml ) and 60 % m - chloroperoxybenzoic acid ( 53 . 8 g , 0 . 19 mol ) added in portions . the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and 10 % sodium carbonate solution ( 300 ml ) added . the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour , separated , and the organic phase washed four times with 2n sodium hydroxide solution ( 150 ml ). it was then washed with saturated sodium chloride solution ( 150 ml ), dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the product ( 26 . 5 g , 96 %) as a clear viscous oil . 60 % sodium hydride ( 0 . 8 g , 0 . 2 mol ) was washed twice with 50 ml portions of hexane and slurried in anhydrous thf ( 40 ml ). 2 -( hydroxymethyl )- α -( methoxyimino )- n - methyl - benzeneacetamide ( 2 . 0 g , 0 . 009 mol ) was then added in one portion and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes . a solution of 5 -( 1 - benzyloxyethyl )- 3 - chloro - 2 - methylsulphonylpyridine ( 3 . 0 g , 0 . 009 mol ) in anhydrous thf ( 5 ml ) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature overnight . water ( 100 ml ) was added and the mixture extracted three times with ethyl acetate ( 50 ml ). the combined organic extracts were washed twice with water ( 100 ml ) and then with saturated sodium chloride solution ( 50 ml ). the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue purified by chromatography over silica ( 30 % ethyl acetate : hexane ) to give the desired product ( 2 . 8 g , 66 %) as a clear viscous gum . sodium borohydride ( 129 mg ; 3 . 4 mmol ) was added in one portion to a solution of 2 -[[[ 5 - benzoyl - 3 - chloro - 2 - pyridinyl ] oxy ] methyl ]- α -( methoxyimino )- n - methyl - benzeneacetamide ( 1 . 0 g ; 2 . 3 mmol ) in ethanol ( 23 ml ) and dichloromethane ( 3 ml ). the reaction was stirred for 10 minutes and quenched with 1n hydrochloric acid ( 2 ml ). the reaction mixture was extracted twice with dichloromethane ( 20 ml ), and the combined organic layers were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , filtered and concentrated to give the desired product ( 993 mg ; 99 %) as a white foam . acetic anhydride ( 0 . 17 ml ; 1 . 8 mmol ; 2 eq ) was added dropwise at 0 ° c . to a solution of 2 -[[[ 3 - chloro - 5 - hydroxyphenylmethyl - 2 - pyridinyl ] oxy ] methyl ]- α -( methoxyimino )- n - methyl - benzeneacetamide ( 400 mg ; 0 . 91 mmol ) and 4 - dimethylaminopyridine ( 167 mg ; 1 . 4 mmol ; 1 . 5 eq ) in dichloromethane ( 5 ml ). the reaction mixture was warmed slowly to room temperature , and stirring continued for 10 minutes . the reaction mixture was quenched with water , partitioned , and the aqueous phase was extracted twice with dichloromethane . the combined organic layers were washed with 1n hydrochloric acid followed by saturated sodium chloride solution , then dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , filtered and concentrated . purification of the crude residue by flash chromatography using 50 % etoac in hexanes provided the acetate as a sticky white foam ( 395 mg ; 0 . 84 mmol ; 93 %). a solution of 2 -[[[ 3 - chloro - 5 - hydroxyphenylmethyl - 2 - pyridinyl ] oxy ] methyl ]- α -( methoxyimino )- n - methyl - benzeneacetamide ( 515 mg ; 1 . 2 mmol ) and pyridine ( 0 . 38 ml ; 4 . 7 mmol ; 4 eq ) in dichloromethane ( 5 ml ) was cooled to 0 ° c . for the dropwise addition of trifluoroacetic anhydride ( 0 . 33 ml ; 2 . 3 mmol ; 2 eq ). the reaction was warmed slowly to room temperature and was quenched with water . upon partitioning , the aqueous layer was extracted twice with dichloromethane ( 5 ml ), and the combined aqueous layers were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , filtered and concentrated . the crude product was placed under vacuum to remove the last traces of pyridine . the desired product ( 68 mg ; 0 . 13 mmol ; 11 %) was isolated by chromatography over neutral alumina ( 50 % ethyl acetate : hexane ). 2 -[[[ 3 - chloro - 5 - hydroxyphenylmethyl - 2 - pyridinyl ] oxy ] methyl ]- α -( methoxyimino )- n - methyl - benzeneacetamide ( 500 mg ; 1 . 1 mmol ) and 4 - dimethylaminopyridine ( 836 mg ; 6 . 8 mmol ; 6 eq ) were dissolved in dichloromethane ( 5 ml ), and dimethylcarbamoyl chloride ( 0 . 31 ml ; 3 . 4 mmol ; 3 eq ) was added at room temperature . the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for three hours , cooled back down to room temperature and quenched with water . the aqueous layer was extracted twice with dichloromethane ( 5 ml ), and the combined organic layers were washed with 1n hydrochloric acid and saturated sodium chloride solution . they were then dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , filtered and concentrated . the crude residue was purified by chromatography using 20 % ch 3 cn and dichloromethane to yield the desired product ( 192 mg 34 %). 2 -[[[ 3 - chloro - 5 - hydroxyphenylmethyl - 2 - pyridinyl ] oxy ] methyl ]- α -( methoxyimino )- n - methyl - benzeneacetamide ( 200 mg ; 0 . 45 mmol ), triethylamine ( 0 . 31 ml ; 2 . 3 mmol ; 5 eq ) and 4 - dimethylaminopyridine ( 44 mg ; 0 . 36 mmol ; 0 . 8 eq ) were dissolved in dichloromethane ( 3 . 6 ml ), and the resulting solution was cooled to − 40 ° c . acetyl formyl anhydride ( 0 . 19 ml ; 1 . 2 mmol ; 2 . 5 eq ) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture , and stirring was continued at low temperature until the reaction was complete after 10 minutes . the cooling bath was removed , and saturated sodium bicarbonate was added to quench any excess reagent still present . the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane ( 2 × 3 ml ), and the combined organic layers were washed with 1n hydrochloric acid followed by saturated sodium chloride solution , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , filtered and concentrated . the crude product was purified by chromatography using 50 % etoac in hexanes to give the product ( 541 mg , 100 %) as a white foam . a solution of triethylphosphite ( 94 μl ; 0 . 55 mmol ; 1 . 2 eq ) in dichloromethane ( 0 . 5 ml ) was cooled to 0 ° c . for the addition of iodine ( 126 mg ; 0 . 50 mmol ; 1 . 1 eq ). stirring continued until the purple color dissipated , indicating complete formation of the phosphoryl iodide . this cold solution was transferred dropwise via cannula to a solution of 2 -[[[ 3 - chloro - 5 - hydroxyphenylmethyl - 2 - pyridinyl ] oxy ] methyl ]- α -( methoxyimino )- n - methyl - benzeneacetamide ( 200 mg ; 0 . 45 mmol ) in pyridine ( 0 . 15 ml ; 1 . 8 eq ; 4 eq ) and dichloromethane ( 4 ml ). the alcohol solution turned yellow as the phosphoryl iodide reagent was added , but the color quickly dissipated as stirring continued . upon completion of the addition , the reaction stirred at room temperature for another 30 minutes , turning brown in the process . it was quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and shaken with a crystal of sodium hydrogen sulphate . the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane ( 2 × 3 ml ), and the combined organic layers were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , filtered and concentrated . the crude product was purified by chromatography using 70 - 80 % etoac in hexanes to yield the desired product ( 130 mg , 50 %) as a yellow - tinged foam . dihydropyran ( 0 . 16 ml ; 1 . 7 mmol ; 1 . 5 eq ) and a catalytic amount of pyridinium p - toluenesulphonate ( 28 mg ; 0 . 11 mmol ; 0 . 1 eq ) were added to a solution of 2 [[[ 3 - chloro - 5 - hydroxyphenylmethyl - 2 - pyridinyl ] oxy ] methyl ]- α -( methoxyimino )- n - methyl - benzeneacetamide ( 500 mg ; 1 . 1 mmol ) in dichloromethane ( 8 ml ). the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight and was quenched with half - saturated sodium chloride solution ( 5 ml ). the aqueous layer was extracted twice with diethyl ether ( 5 ml ), and the combined organic layers were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , filtered and concentrated . purification of the crude product by chromatography using 50 % etoac in hexanes gave the desired product ( 521 mg , 87 %) as a white foam . 2 -[[[ 3 - chloro - 5 - hydroxyphenylmethyl - 2 - pyridinyl ] oxy ] methyl ]- α -( methoxyimino )- n - methyl - benzeneacetamide ( 500 mg ; 1 . 1 mmol ) and pyridine ( 0 . 18 ml ; 2 . 3 mmol ; 2 eq ) were dissolved in dichloromethane ( 5 . 7 ml ) at room temperature . the resulting solution was cooled to − 20 ° c . for the dropwise addition of triethylsilyl triflate ( 0 . 39 ml ; 1 . 7 mmol ; 1 . 5 eq ). the bath was removed , and the reaction mixture was warmed slowly to room temperature where it stirred for 30 minutes . it was quenched with water ( 10 ml ) and diluted with diethyl ether ( 10 ml ). the aqueous phase was extracted with diethyl ether ( 5 ml ), and the combined organic layers were washed with 1n hydrochloric acid followed by saturated sodium chloride solution , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , filtered and concentrated . the crude product was filtered through a plug of silica gel using diethyl ether to afford the desired product ( 511 mg , 81 %) as a sticky , colorless oil . to a solution of 2 -[[[ 5 - benzoyl - 3 - chloro - 2 - pyridinyl ] oxy ] methyl ]- α -( methoxyimino )- n - methyl - benzeneacetamide ( 1 . 0 g ; 2 . 3 mmol ) in thf ( 30 ml ) was added a 3 . 0 m solution of methylmagnesium bromide in diethyl ether ( 4 . 6 ml ; 13 . 7 mmol ; 6 eq ) at 0 ° c . the solution yellowed , and a precipitate appeared after a few minutes . the solution was warmed to room temperature where it was stirred for two hours . it was then cooled back down to 0 ° c . and quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride ( 20 ml ). the aqueous layer was extracted twice with diethyl ether ( 10 ml ), and the combined organic layers were washed with brine , dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated . the crude residue was passed through a plug of silica gel with the aid of diethyl ether to give the desired product ( 933 mg , 90 %). 2 -[[[ 3 - chloro - 5 -( 1 - hydroxy - 1 - phenylethyl )- 2 - pyridinyl ] oxy ] methyl ]- α -( methoxyimino )- n - methyl - benzeneacetamide ( 933 mg ; 2 . 1 mmol ) was dissolved in ch 2 cl 2 ( 10 ml ), and triethylamine ( 0 . 87 ml ; 6 . 2 mmol ; 3 eq ) was added at room temperature followed by methanesulfonyl chloride ( 0 . 40 ml ; 5 . 2 mmol ; 2 . 5 eq ). the reaction mixture stirred for 30 minutes and was quenched with water . the aqueous layer was extracted twice with diethyl ether ( 20 ml ), and the combined organic layers were washed with 1n hcl followed by brine and then dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated . the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography using 80 % diethyl ether in hexanes to give the desired product ( 778 mg , 87 %). a 60 % solution of n - methylmorpholine n - oxide in water ( 1 . 9 ml ; 11 . 0 mmol ; 1 . 5 eq ) was added to a solution of 2 -[[[ 3 - chloro - 5 -( 1 - phenylethenyl )- 2 - pyridinyl ] oxy ] methyl ]- α -( methoxyimino )- n - methyl - benzeneacetamide ( 3 . 2 g ; 7 . 3 mmol ) in aqueous acetone ( 30 ml acetone ; 6 ml water ) at room temperature . this was followed by the dropwise addition of a 4 % solution of osmium tetroxide in water ( 1 . 43 ml ; 0 . 18 mmol ; 0 . 025 eq ). the resulting reaction mixture stirred overnight , at which point sodium sulfite ( 250 mg ) was added to quench any remaining oxidants . stirring was continued until a black precipitate appeared , and the solution was diluted with water ( 15 ml ) and extracted twice with etoac ( 30 ml ). the combined organic layers were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , filtered and concentrated . purification by chromatography using a step gradient of 50 - 80 % etoac in hexanes yielded the desired product as a brownish foam ( 3 . 5 g , 100 %). 2 -[[[ 3 - chloro - 5 -( 1 , 2 - dihydroxy - 1 - phenylethyl )- 2 - pyridinyl ] oxy ] methyl ]- α -( methoxyimino )- n - methyl - benzeneacetamide ( 1 . 22 g ; 2 . 6 mmol ) was dissolved in pyridine ( 6 ml ) and the solution was cooled to 0 ° c . for the addition of p - toluenesulphonyl chloride ( 743 mg ; 3 . 9 mmol ; 1 . 5 eq ). the bath was removed , and the reaction mixture stirred at room temperature overnight . it was then quenched with water ( 6 ml ) and diluted with etoac ( 10 ml ). the aqueous layer was extracted with etoac ( 6 ml ), and the combined organic layers were washed with 1n hydrochloric acid followed by saturated sodium chloride solution , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , filtered and concentrated . the crude tosylate was purified by chromatography using 50 % etoac in hexanes to afford 1 . 3 g ( 2 . 0 mmol ; 80 %) of the pure product as a white solid ( m . p . 55 - 60 ° c .). 2 -[[[ 3 - chloro - 5 -( 2 - hydroxy - 1 -[[( 4 - methylphenyl ) sulfonyl ] oxy ]- 2 - phenylethyl )- 2 - pyridinyl ] oxy ] methyl ]- α -( methoxyimino )- n - methyl - benzeneacetamide ( 570 mg ; 0 . 91 mmol ) was dissolved in methanol ( 9 ml ), and potassium carbonate ( 250 mg ; 1 . 8 mmol 2 eq ) was added in one portion . stirring continued at room temperature for about an hour , at which point the reaction mixture was diluted with water and the extracted with diethyl ether ( 10 ml ). the combined organic layers were washed with saturated sodium chloride solution , dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate , filtered and concentrated to give the desired product ( 336 mg , 82 %) as a white solid ( m . p . 48 - 53 ° c .). the following table identifies several compounds of formula ( 1 ) of the formula below prepared analogous to the various procedures illustrated in the preceding examples : the compounds of formula ( 1 ) thus produced are usually obtained as a mixture of the e and z forms , which can then be separated , via standard means known in the art , into each of those forms , if desired . the compounds of formula ( 1 ) show strong fungicidal activity against a wide variety of fungi . the following tests illustrate the fungicidal efficacy of the compounds of this invention . the compounds of the present invention have been found to control fungi , particularly plant pathogens . when employed in the treatment of plant fungal diseases , the compounds are applied to the plants in a disease inhibiting and phytologically acceptable amount . application may be performed before and / or after the infection with fungi on plants . application may also be made through treatment of seeds of plants , soil where plants grow , paddy fields for seedlings , or water for perfusion . the compounds may also be employed effectively for the control of fungi on wood , leather , carpet backings , or in paint . as used herein , the term “ disease inhibiting and phytologically acceptable amount ” refers to an amount of a compound of the present invention which kills or inhibits the plant disease for which control is desired but is not significantly toxic to the plant . this amount will generally be from about 1 to 1000 ppm , with 10 to 500 ppm being preferred . the exact concentration of compound required varies with the fungal disease to be controlled , the type of formulation employed , the method of application , the particular plant species , climate conditions , and the like . a suitable application rate is typically in the range from about 0 . 10 to about 4 lb / a . the compounds of the invention may also be used to protect stored grain and other non - plant loci from fungal infestation . the following experiments were performed in the laboratory to determine the fungicidal efficacy of the compounds of the invention . compound formulation : compound formulation was accomplished by dissolving technical materials in acetone , with serial dilutions then made in acetone to obtain desired rates . final treatment volumes were obtained by adding nine volumes 0 . 05 % aqueous tween - 20 or triton x - 100 , depending upon the pathogen . late blight of tomatoes ( phytophthora infestans — phytin ): tomatoes ( cultivar rutgers ) were grown from seed in a soilless peat - based potting mixture ( metromix ) until the seedlings were 1 - 2 leaf ( bbch 12 ). these plants were then sprayed to run off with the test compound at a rate of 100 ppm . after 24 hours the test plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of phytophthora infestans . the plants were then transferred to the greenhouse until disease developed on the untreated control plants . powdery mildew of wheat ( erysiphe araminis — erysgt ): wheat ( cultivar monon ) was grown in a soilless peat - based potting mixture ( metromix ) until the seedlings were 1 - 2 leaf ( bbch 12 ). these plants were then sprayed to run off with the test compound at a rate of 100 ppm . after 24 hours the test plants were inoculated with erysiphe graminis by dusting spores from stock plants onto the test plants . the plants were then transferred to the greenhouse until disease developed on the untreated control plants . glume blotch of wheat ( leptosphaeria nodorum — leptno ): wheat ( cultivar monon ) was grown from seed in a soilless peat - based potting mixture ( metromix ) until the seedlings were 1 - 2 leaf ( bbch 12 ). these plants were then sprayed to run off with the test compound at a rate of 100 ppm . after 24 hours the test plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of leptosphaeria nodorum . the plants were then transferred to the greenhouse until disease developed on the untreated control plants . brown rust ( puccinia recondita — puccrt ): wheat ( cultivar monon ) was grown from seed in a soilless peat - based potting mixture ( metromix ) until the seedlings were 1 - 2 leaf ( bbch 12 ). these plants were then sprayed to run off with the test compound at a rate of 100 ppm . after 24 hours the test plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of puccinia recondita . the plants were then transferred to the greenhouse until disease developed on the untreated control plants . septoria leaf spot ( septoria tritici — septtr ): wheat ( cultivar monon ) was grown from seed in a soilless peat - based potting mixture ( metromix ) until the seedlings were 1 - 2 leaf ( bbch 12 ). these plants were then sprayed to run off with the test compound at a rate of 100 ppm . after 24 hours the test plants were inoculated with an aqueous spore suspension of septoria tritici . the plants were then transferred to the greenhouse until disease developed on the untreated control plants . the following table presents the activity of typical compounds of the present invention when evaluated in these experiments . the effectiveness of the test compounds in controlling disease was rated using the following scale : the compounds of this invention are preferably applied in the form of a composition comprising one or more of the compounds of formula ( 1 ) with a phytologically - acceptable carrier . the compositions are either concentrated formulations which are dispersed in water or another liquid for application , or are dust or granular formulations which are applied without further treatment . the compositions are prepared according to procedures which are conventional in the agricultural chemical art , but which are novel and important because of the presence therein of the compounds of this invention . some description of the formulation of the compositions is given to assure that agricultural chemists can readily prepare desired compositions . the dispersions in which the compounds are applied are most often aqueous suspensions or emulsions prepared from concentrated formulations of the compounds . such water - soluble , water suspendable , or emulsifiable formulations are either solids , usually known as wettable powders , or liquids , usually known as emulsifiable concentrates or aqueous suspensions . the present invention contemplates all vehicles by which the compounds of this invention can be formulated for delivery for use as a fungicide . as will be readily tappreciated , any material to which these compounds can be added may be used , provided they yield the desired utility without significant interference with activity of the compounds of this invention as antifungal agents . wettable powders , which may be compacted to form water dispersible granules , comprise an intimate mixture of the active compound , an inert carrier and surfactants . the concentration of the active compound is usually from about 10 % to about 90 % w / w , more preferably about 25 % to about 75 % w / w . in the preparation of wettable powder compositions , the toxicant products can be compounded with any of the finely divided solids , such as prophyllite , talc , chalk , gypsum , fuller &# 39 ; s earth , bentonite , attapulgite , starch , casein , gluten , montmorillonite clays , diatomaceous earths , purified silicates or the like . in such operations , the finely divided carrier is ground or mixed with the toxicant in a volatile organic solvent . effective surfactants , comprising from about 0 . 5 % to about 10 % of the wettable powder , include sulfonated lignins , naphthalenesulfonates , alkylbenzenesulfonates , alkyl sulfates , and non - ionic surfactants , such as ethylene oxide adducts of alkyl phenols . emulsifiable concentrates of the compounds of this invention comprise a convenient concentration , such as from about 10 % to about 50 % w / w , in a suitable liquid . the compounds are dissolved in an inert carrier , which is either a water miscible solvent or a mixture of water - immiscible organic solvents , and emulsifiers . the concentrates may be diluted with water and oil to form spray mixtures in the form of oil - in - water emulsions . useful organic solvents include aromatics , especially the high - boiling naphthalenic and olefinic portions of petroleum such as heavy aromatic naphtha . other organic solvents may also be used , such as , for example , terpenic solvents , including rosin derivatives , aliphatic ketones , such as cyclohexanone , and complex alcohols , such as 2 - ethoxyethanol . emulsifiers which can be advantageously employed herein can be readily determined by those skilled in the art and include various nonionic , anionic , cationic and amphoteric emulsifiers , or a blend of two or more emulsifiers . examples of nonionic emulsifiers useful in preparing the emulsifiable concentrates include the polyalkylene glycol ethers and condensation products of alkyl and aryl phenols , aliphatic alcohols , aliphatic amines or fatty acids with ethylene oxide , propylene oxides such as the ethoxylated alkyl phenols and carboxylic esters solubilised with the polyol or polyoxyalkylene . cationic emulsifiers include quaternary ammonium compounds and fatty amine salts . anionic emulsifiers include the oil - soluble salts ( e . g ., calcium ) of alkylaryl sulphonic acids , oil soluble salts or sulphated polyglycol ethers and appropriate salts of phosphated polyglycol ether . representative organic liquids which can be employed in preparing the emulsifiable concentrates of the present invention are the aromatic liquids such as xylene , propyl benzene fractions ; or mixed naphthalene fractions , mineral oils , substituted aromatic organic liquids such as dioctyl phthalate ; kerosene ; dialkyl amides of various fatty acids , particularly the dimethyl amides of fatty glycols and glycol derivatives such as the n - butyl ether , ethyl ether or methyl ether of diethylene glycol , and the methyl ether of triethylene glycol . mixtures of two or more organic liquids are also often suitably employed in the preparation of the emulsifiable concentrate . the preferred organic liquids are xylene , and propyl benzene fractions , with xylene being most preferred . the surface active dispersing agents are usually employed in liquid compositions and in the amount of from 0 . 1 to 20 percent by weight of the combined weight of the dispersing agent and active compound . the active compositions can also contain other compatible additives , for example , plant growth regulators and other biologically active compounds used in agriculture . aqueous suspensions comprise suspensions of water - insoluble compounds of this invention , dispersed in an aqueous vehicle at a concentration in the range from about 5 % to about 50 % w / w . suspensions are prepared by finely grinding the compound , and vigorously mixing it into a vehicle comprised of water and surfactants chosen from the same types above discussed . inert ingredients , such as inorganic salts and synthetic or natural gums , may also be added to increase the density and viscosity of the aqueous vehicle . it is often most effective to grind and mix the compound at the same time by preparing the aqueous mixture and homogenizing it in an implement such as a sand mill , ball mill , or piston - type homogenizer . the compounds may also be applied as granular compositions , which are particularly useful for applications to the soil . granular compositions usually contain from about 0 . 5 % to about 10 % w / w of the compound , dispersed in an inert carrier which consists entirely or in large part of coarsely divided attapulgite , bentonite , diatomite , clay or a similar inexpensive substance . such compositions are usually prepared by dissolving the compound in a suitable solvent and applying it to a granular carrier which has been preformed to the appropriate particle size , in the range of from about 0 . 5 to about 3 mm . such compositions may also be formulated by making a dough or paste of the carrier and compound , and crushing and drying to obtain the desired granular particle . dusts containing the compounds are prepared simply by intimately mixing the compound in powdered form with a suitable dusty agricultural carrier , such as , for example , kaolin clay , ground volcanic rock , and the like . dusts can suitably contain from about 1 % to about 10 % w / w of the compound . the active compositions may contain adjuvant surfactants to enhance deposition , wetting and penetration of the compositions onto the target crop and organism . these adjuvant surfactants may optionally be employed as a component of the formulation or as a tank mix . the amount of adjuvant surfactant will vary from 0 . 01 percent to 1 . 0 percent v / v based on a spray - volume of water , preferably 0 . 05 to 0 . 5 percent . suitable adjuvant surfactants include ethoxylated nonyl phenols , ethoxyated synthetic or natural alcohols , salts of the esters or sulphosuccinic acids , ethoxylated organosilicones , ethoxylated fatty amines and blends of surfactants with mineral or vegetable oils . the composition may optionally include fungicidal combinations which comprise at least 1 % of one or more of the compounds of this invention with another pesticidal compound . such additional pesticidal compounds may be fungicides , insecticides , nematocides , miticides , arthropodicides , bactericides or combinations thereof that are compatible with the compounds of the present invention in the medium selected for application , and not antagonistic to the activity of the present compounds . accordingly , in such embodiments the other pesticidal compound is employed as a supplemental toxicant for the same or for a different pesticidal use . the compounds in combination can generally be present in a ratio of from 1 : 100 to 100 : 1 . the present invention includes within its scope methods for the control or prevention of fungal attack . these methods comprise applying to the locus of the fungus , or to a locus in which the infestation is to be prevented ( for example applying to cereal or grape plants ), a fungicidal amount of one or more of the compounds of this invention or compositions . the compounds are suitable for treatment of various plants at fungicidal levels , while exhibiting low phytotoxicity . the compounds are useful in a protectant or eradicant fashion . the compounds of this invention are applied by any of a variety of known techniques , either as the compounds or as compositions including the compounds . for example , the compounds may be applied to the roots , seeds or foliage of plants for the control of various fungi , without damaging the commercial value of the plants . the materials are applied in the form of any of the generally used formulation types , for example , as solutions , dusts , wettable powders , flowable concentrates , or emulsifiable concentrates . these materials are conveniently applied in various known fashions . the compounds of this invention have been found to have significant fungicidal effect particularly for agricultural use . many of the compounds are particularly effective for use with agricultural crops and horticultural plants , or with wood , paint , leather or carpet backing . in particular , the compounds effectively control a variety of undesirable fungi which infect useful plant crops . activity has been demonstrated for a variety of fungi . it will be understood by those in the art that the efficacy of the compounds of this invention for the foregoing fungi establishes the general utility of the compounds as fungicides . the compounds of this invention have broad ranges of efficacy as fungicides . the exact amount of the active material to be applied is dependent not only on the specific active material being applied , but also on the particular action desired , the fungal species to be controlled , and the stage of growth thereof , as well as the part of the plant or other product to be contacted with the toxic active ingredient . thus , all the active ingredients of the compounds of this invention , and compositions containing the same , may not be equally effective at similar concentrations or against the same fungal species . the compounds of this invention and compositions are effective in use with plants in a disease inhibiting and phytologically acceptable amount . the term “ disease inhibiting and phytologically acceptable amount ” refers to an amount of a compound which kills or inhibits the plant disease for which control is desired , but is not significantly toxic to the plant . this amount will generally be from about 1 to about 1000 ppm , with 10 to 500 ppm being preferred . the exact concentration of compound required varies with the fungal disease to be controlled , the type of formulation employed , the method of application , the particular plant species , climate conditions , and the like . a suitable application rate is typically in the range from about 0 . 10 to about 4 pounds / acre .

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