consolidated other income ( expense ) items , net .

Year ended December 31 (in millions)
2015
2014
2013
Interest expense
$(2,702)
$(2,617)
$(2,574)
Investment income (loss), net
81
296
576
Equity in net income (losses) of investees, net
(325)
97
(86)
Other income (expense), net
320
(215)
(364)
Total
$(2,626)
$(2,439)
$(2,448)

interest expense interest expense increased in 2015 primarily due to an increase in our debt outstanding and $ 47 million of additional interest expense associated with the early redemption in june 2015 of our $ 750 million aggregate principal amount of 5.85% ( 5.85 % ) senior notes due november 2015 and our $ 1.0 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.90% ( 5.90 % ) senior notes due march 2016 .
interest expense increased in 2014 primarily due to the effect of our interest rate derivative financial instruments .
investment income ( loss ) , net the change in investment income ( loss ) , net in 2015 was primarily due to a $ 154 million gain related to the sale of our shares of arris group common stock in 2014 .
the change in investment income ( loss ) , net in 2014 was primarily due to a $ 443 million gain related to the sale of our investment in clearwire corporation in 2013 .
the components of investment income ( loss ) , net are presented in a table in note 7 to comcast 2019s consolidated financial statements .
equity in net income ( losses ) of investees , net the change in equity in net income ( losses ) of investees , net in 2015 was primarily due to twcc holding corp .
( 201cthe weather channel 201d ) recording impairment charges related to goodwill .
we recorded expenses of $ 333 million in 2015 that represent nbcuniversal 2019s proportionate share of these impairment charges .
the change in 2015 was also due to an increase in our proportionate share of losses in hulu , llc ( 201chulu 201d ) , which were driven by hulu 2019s higher programming and marketing costs .
in 2015 and 2014 , we recognized our pro- portionate share of losses of $ 106 million and $ 20 million , respectively , related to our investment in hulu .
the change in equity in net income ( losses ) of investees , net in 2014 was primarily due to $ 142 million of total equity losses recorded in 2013 attributable to our investment in hulu .
in july 2013 , we entered into an agreement to provide capital contributions totaling $ 247 million to hulu , which we had previously accounted for as a cost method investment .
this represented an agreement to provide our first capital contribution to hulu since we acquired our interest in it as part of our acquisition of a controlling interest in nbcuniversal in 2011 ( the 201cnbcuniversal transaction 201d ) ; therefore , we began to apply the equity method of accounting for this investment .
the change in the method of accounting for this investment required us to recognize our propor- tionate share of hulu 2019s accumulated losses from the date of the nbcuniversal transaction through july 2013 .
other income ( expense ) , net other income ( expense ) , net for 2015 included gains of $ 335 million on the sales of a business and an invest- ment , $ 240 million recorded on the settlement of a contingent consideration liability with general electric company ( 201cge 201d ) related to the acquisition of nbcuniversal , and $ 43 million related to an equity method investment .
these gains were partially offset by $ 236 million of expenses related to fair value adjustments to a contractual obligation .
see note 11 to comcast 2019s consolidated financial statements for additional information on this contractual obligation .
other income ( expense ) , net for 2014 included a $ 27 million favorable settlement of a contingency related to the at&t broadband transaction in 2002 , which was more than offset by $ 208 million of expenses related to 61 comcast 2015 annual report on form 10-k .

Question: Analyse this data from a financial earnings document. what was the average investment income ( loss ) net 2013 to 2015
Choices:
-1161
6.7
956
478.0
477
Correct choice index: 3