the goldman sachs group , inc .
and subsidiaries notes to consolidated financial statements the table below presents a summary of level 3 financial assets. .

As of December
<i>$ in millions</i>
2017
2016
Cash instruments
$15,395
$18,035
Derivatives
3,802
5,190
Other financial assets
4
55
Total
$19,201
$23,280

level 3 financial assets as of december 2017 decreased compared with december 2016 , primarily reflecting a decrease in level 3 cash instruments .
see notes 6 through 8 for further information about level 3 financial assets ( including information about unrealized gains and losses related to level 3 financial assets and financial liabilities , and transfers in and out of level 3 ) .
note 6 .
cash instruments cash instruments include u.s .
government and agency obligations , non-u.s .
government and agency obligations , mortgage-backed loans and securities , corporate loans and debt securities , equity securities , investments in funds at nav , and other non-derivative financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold , but not yet purchased .
see below for the types of cash instruments included in each level of the fair value hierarchy and the valuation techniques and significant inputs used to determine their fair values .
see note 5 for an overview of the firm 2019s fair value measurement policies .
level 1 cash instruments level 1 cash instruments include certain money market instruments , u.s .
government obligations , most non-u.s .
government obligations , certain government agency obligations , certain corporate debt securities and actively traded listed equities .
these instruments are valued using quoted prices for identical unrestricted instruments in active markets .
the firm defines active markets for equity instruments based on the average daily trading volume both in absolute terms and relative to the market capitalization for the instrument .
the firm defines active markets for debt instruments based on both the average daily trading volume and the number of days with trading activity .
level 2 cash instruments level 2 cash instruments include most money market instruments , most government agency obligations , certain non-u.s .
government obligations , most mortgage-backed loans and securities , most corporate loans and debt securities , most state and municipal obligations , most other debt obligations , restricted or less liquid listed equities , commodities and certain lending commitments .
valuations of level 2 cash instruments can be verified to quoted prices , recent trading activity for identical or similar instruments , broker or dealer quotations or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency .
consideration is given to the nature of the quotations ( e.g. , indicative or firm ) and the relationship of recent market activity to the prices provided from alternative pricing sources .
valuation adjustments are typically made to level 2 cash instruments ( i ) if the cash instrument is subject to transfer restrictions and/or ( ii ) for other premiums and liquidity discounts that a market participant would require to arrive at fair value .
valuation adjustments are generally based on market evidence .
level 3 cash instruments level 3 cash instruments have one or more significant valuation inputs that are not observable .
absent evidence to the contrary , level 3 cash instruments are initially valued at transaction price , which is considered to be the best initial estimate of fair value .
subsequently , the firm uses other methodologies to determine fair value , which vary based on the type of instrument .
valuation inputs and assumptions are changed when corroborated by substantive observable evidence , including values realized on sales of financial assets .
valuation techniques and significant inputs of level 3 cash instruments valuation techniques of level 3 cash instruments vary by instrument , but are generally based on discounted cash flow techniques .
the valuation techniques and the nature of significant inputs used to determine the fair values of each type of level 3 cash instrument are described below : loans and securities backed by commercial real estate .
loans and securities backed by commercial real estate are directly or indirectly collateralized by a single commercial real estate property or a portfolio of properties , and may include tranches of varying levels of subordination .
significant inputs are generally determined based on relative value analyses and include : goldman sachs 2017 form 10-k 119 .

Question: Analyse this data from a financial earnings document. what was the change in level 3 financial assets from 2016 to 2017 in millions?
Choices:
-407900
-5245
-4079.0
-5.7
42481
Correct choice index: 2