# od

## NAME



           od - dump files in octal and other formats
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **od**[_OPTION_]... [_FILE_]...
           **od**[_-abcdfilosx_]... [_FILE_] [[_+_]_OFFSET_[_._][_b_]]
           **od** _--traditional_ [_OPTION_]... [_FILE_] [[_+_]_OFFSET_[_._][_b_]
           [_+_][_LABEL_][_._][_b_]]
    


## DESCRIPTION



           Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of
           FILE to standard output.  With more than one FILE argument,
           concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.
    
           With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.
    
           If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is
           assumed if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2
           operands) a digit.  An OFFSET operand means **-j** OFFSET.  LABEL is
           the pseudo-address at first byte printed, incremented when dump is
           progressing.  For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates
           hexadecimal; suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by
           512.
    
           Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short
           options too.
    
           **-A** , **--address-radix** =_RADIX_
                  output format for file offsets; RADIX is one of [doxn], for
                  Decimal, Octal, Hex or None
    
           **--endian=**{big|little}
                  swap input bytes according the specified order
    
           **-j** , **--skip-bytes** =_BYTES_
                  skip BYTES input bytes first
    
           **-N** , **--read-bytes** =_BYTES_
                  limit dump to BYTES input bytes
    
           **-S** BYTES, **--strings**[=_BYTES_]
                  show only NUL terminated strings of at least BYTES (3)
                  printable characters
    
           **-t** , **--format** =_TYPE_
                  select output format or formats
    
           **-v** , **--output-duplicates**
                  do not use * to mark line suppression
    
           **-w[BYTES]** , **--width**[=_BYTES_]
                  output BYTES bytes per output line; 32 is implied when
                  BYTES is not specified
    
           **--traditional**
                  accept arguments in third form above
    
           **--help** display this help and exit
    
           **--version**
                  output version information and exit
    
       **Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:**
           **-a** same as **-t** a,  select named characters, ignoring high-order
                  bit
    
           **-b** same as **-t** o1, select octal bytes
    
           **-c** same as **-t** c,  select printable characters or backslash
                  escapes
    
           **-d** same as **-t** u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units
    
           **-f** same as **-t** fF, select floats
    
           **-i** same as **-t** dI, select decimal ints
    
           **-l** same as **-t** dL, select decimal longs
    
           **-o** same as **-t** o2, select octal 2-byte units
    
           **-s** same as **-t** d2, select decimal 2-byte units
    
           **-x** same as **-t** x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units
    
       **TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:**
           a      named character, ignoring high-order bit
    
           c      printable character or backslash escape
    
           d[SIZE]
                  signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
    
           f[SIZE]
                  floating point, SIZE bytes per float
    
           o[SIZE]
                  octal, SIZE bytes per integer
    
           u[SIZE]
                  unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
    
           x[SIZE]
                  hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer
    
           SIZE is a number.  For TYPE in [doux], SIZE may also be C for
           sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for
           sizeof(long).  If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be B for Brain 16 bit,
           H for Half precision float, F for sizeof(float), D for
           sizeof(double), or L for sizeof(long double).
    
           Adding a z suffix to any type displays printable characters at the
           end of each output line.
    
       **BYTES is hex with 0x or 0X prefix, and may have a multiplier suffix:**
           b      512
    
           KB     1000
    
           K      1024
    
           MB     1000*1000
    
           M      1024*1024
    
           and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y, R, Q.  Binary prefixes can be
           used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.
    


## EXAMPLES



           **od -A x -t x1z -v**
                  Display hexdump format output
    
           **od -A o -t oS -w16**
                  The default output format used by od
    


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