tripathysagar/man_text huggingface dataset:
# mariadbd

## NAME



           mariadbd - the MariaDB server (mariadbd is now a symlink to
           mariadbd)
    


## SYNOPSIS



    
           **mariadbd [**_options_**]**
    


## DESCRIPTION



           **mariadbd** , also known as MariaDB Server, is the main program that
           does most of the work in a MariaDB installation. MariaDB Server
           manages access to the MariaDB data directory that contains
           databases and tables. The data directory is also the default
           location for other information such as log files and status files.
    
           When MariaDB server starts, it listens for network connections
           from client programs and manages access to databases on behalf of
           those clients.
    
           The **mariadbd** program has many options that can be specified at
           startup. For a complete list of options, run this command:
    
               shell> **mariadbd --verbose --help**
    
           MariaDB Server also has a set of system variables that affect its
           operation as it runs. System variables can be set at server
           startup, and many of them can be changed at runtime to effect
           dynamic server reconfiguration. MariaDB Server also has a set of
           status variables that provide information about its operation. You
           can monitor these status variables to access runtime performance
           characteristics.
    
           For a full description of MariaDB Server command options, system
           variables, and status variables, see the MariaDB Knowledge Base.
    


* * *
# rdma-resource

## NAME



           rdma-resource - rdma resource configuration
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **rdma**[ _OPTIONS_ ] _RESOURCE_ { _COMMAND_ | **help**}
    
           _RESOURCE_ := { **cm_id** | **cq** | **mr** | **pd** | **qp** | **ctx** | **srq**}
    
           _OPTIONS_ := { **-j**[_son_] | **-d**[_etails_] }
    
           **rdma resource show**[ _DEV/PORT_INDEX_ ]
    
           **rdma resource help**
    


## DESCRIPTION



       **rdma resource show - display rdma resource tracking information**
           _DEV/PORT_INDEX_ - specifies the RDMA link to show.  If this
           argument is omitted all links are listed.
    


## EXAMPLES



           rdma resource show
               Shows summary for all devices on the system.
    
           rdma resource show mlx5_2
               Shows the state of specified rdma device.
    
           rdma res show qp link mlx5_4
               Get all QPs for the specific device.
    
           rdma res show qp link mlx5_4/1
               Get QPs of specific port.
    
           rdma res show qp link mlx5_4/0
               Provide illegal port number (0 is illegal).
    
           rdma res show qp link mlx5_4/-
               Get QPs which have not assigned port yet.
    
           rdma res show qp link mlx5_4/- -d
               Detailed view.
    
           rdma res show qp link mlx5_4/- -dd
               Detailed view including driver-specific details.
    
           rdma res show qp link mlx5_4/1 lqpn 0-6
               Limit to specific Local QPNs.
    
           rdma res show qp link mlx5_4/1 lqpn 6 -r
               Driver specific details in raw format.
    
           rdma resource show cm_id dst-port 7174
               Show CM_IDs with destination ip port of 7174.
    
           rdma resource show cm_id src-addr 172.16.0.100
               Show CM_IDs bound to local ip address 172.16.0.100
    
           rdma resource show cq pid 30489
               Show CQs belonging to pid 30489
    
           rdma resource show ctx ctxn 1
               Show contexts that have index equal to 1.
    
           rdma resource show srq lqpn 5-7
               Show SRQs that the QPs with lqpn 5-7 are associated with.
    


* * *
# intro

## NAME



           intro - introduction to administration and privileged commands
    


## DESCRIPTION



           Section 8 of the manual describes commands which either can be or
           are used only by the superuser, like system-administration
           commands, daemons, and hardware-related commands.
    
           As with the commands described in Section 1, the commands
           described in this section terminate with an exit status that
           indicates whether the command succeeded or failed.  See intro(1)
           for more information.
    


## NOTES



       **Authors and copyright conditions**
           Look at the header of the manual page source for the author(s) and
           copyright conditions.  Note that these can be different from page
           to page!
    


* * *
# getkeycodes

## NAME



           getkeycodes - print kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **getkeycodes**[_options_]
    


## DESCRIPTION



           The _getkeycodes_ command prints the kernel scancode-to-keycode
           mapping table.
    


## OPTIONS



           **-V** , **--version**
                  print version number;
    
           **-h** , **--help**
                  print this usage message.
    


* * *
# genccode

## NAME



           **genccode** - generate C or platform specific assembly code from an
           ICU data file.
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **genccode**[ **-h** , **-?** , **--help**] [ **-a** , **--assembly** _name_ ] [ **-d** ,
           **--destdir** _destination_ ] [ **-n** , **--name** _name_ ] [ **-e** , **--entrypoint**
           _name_ ] [ **-f** , **--filename** _name_ ] [ _filename_ ...  ]
    


## DESCRIPTION



           **genccode** reads each of the supplied _filename_ and writes out a C
           file containing a compilable definition of the data in the data
           file.  The C file name is made by taking the base name of the data
           _filename_ , replacing dots by underscores, and adding a _.c_ file
           extension.
    
           If the **-a** option is used, platform specific assembly code is
           generated instead of C code.  Most C compilers will accept both C
           and assembly files.  Instead of writing a filename with a _.c_ file
           extension, a filename with a _.s_ will be written instead.
    
           If **genccode** is called with no _filename_ it terminates gracefully.
    


## OPTIONS



           **-h** , **-?** , **--help**
                  Print help about usage and exit.
    
           **-a** , **--assembly** _name_
                  Output assembly code instead of C code.  Use **-h** to see the
                  list of available types of assembly to generate and to
                  specify for this option.
    
           **-d** , **--destdir** _destination_
                  Set the destination directory to _destination_.  The default
                  destination directory is the current directory.
    
           **-n** , **--name** _name_
                  Set the data name to _name_ instead of the default. This name
                  is also used as the base name of the output. The default
                  name is made of the _icudt_ prefix, followed by a two-digit
                  version number corresponding to the current version of the
                  ICU release, and a single letter indicating the endianness
                  of the data (the letter _b_ indicated big endian data, and
                  the letter _l_ indicates little endian ones).
    
           **-f** , **--filename** _name_
                  Normally, an ICU data file such as mydata.icu will be
                  turned into mydata_icu.c and mydata_icu.o.  However, if
                  this parameter was set to "somedata", the output files will
                  be somedata.o and somedata.c, respectively.
    
           **-e** , **--entrypoint** _name_
                  Set the data entry point (used for linking against the data
                  in a shared library form) to _name_.  The default entry point
                  name is made of the data (set by the **-n** , **--name** option)
                  followed by an underscore and the type of the data (set by
                  the **-t** , **--type** option).
    


## VERSION



           76.0.1
    


* * *
# modinfo

## NAME



           modinfo - Show information about a Linux Kernel module
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **modinfo**[**-0**] [**-F** _field_] [**-k** _kernel_] [modulename|filename...]
    
           **modinfo -V**
    
           **modinfo -h**
    


## DESCRIPTION



           **modinfo** extracts information from the Linux Kernel modules given
           on the command line. If the module name is not a filename, then
           the /lib/modules/ _version_ directory is searched, as is also done
           by modprobe(8) when loading kernel modules.
    
           **modinfo** by default lists each attribute of the module in form
           _fieldname_ : _value_ , for easy reading. The filename is listed the
           same way (although it's not really an attribute).
    
           This version of **modinfo** can understand modules of any Linux Kernel
           architecture.
    


## OPTIONS



           **-V** , **--version**
               Print the **modinfo** version.
    
           **-F** _field_ , **--field** _field_
               Only print this _field_ value, one per line. This is most useful
               for scripts. Field names are case-insensitive. Common fields
               (which may not be in every module) include author,
               description, license, parm, depends, and alias. There are
               often multiple parm, alias and depends fields. The special
               _field_ filename lists the filename of the module.
    
           **-b** _basedir_ , **--basedir** _basedir_
               Root directory for modules, / by default.
    
           **-k** _kernel_
               Provide information about a kernel other than the running one.
               This is particularly useful for distributions needing to
               extract information from a newly installed (but not yet
               running) set of kernel modules. For example, you wish to find
               which firmware files are needed by various modules in a new
               kernel for which you must make an initrd/initramfs image prior
               to booting.
    
           **-0** , **--null**
               Use the ASCII zero character to separate _field_ values, instead
               of a new line. This is useful for scripts, since a new line
               can theoretically appear inside a _field_.
    
           **-a --author** , **-d --description** , **-l --license** , **-p --parameters** , **-n**
           **--filename**
               These are shortcuts for the **--field** flag's author,
               description, license, parm and filename arguments, to ease the
               transition from the old modutils **modinfo**.
    
           **-h** , **--help**
               Print the help message and exit.
    


## BUGS



           Please direct any bug reports to kmod's issue tracker at
           https://github.com/kmod-project/kmod/issues/ alongside with
           version used, steps to reproduce the problem and the expected
           outcome.
    


* * *
# selinuxenabled

## NAME



           selinuxenabled - tool to be used within shell scripts to determine
           if selinux is enabled
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **selinuxenabled**
    


## DESCRIPTION



           Indicates whether SELinux is enabled or disabled.
    


## EXIT STATUS



           It exits with status 0 if SELinux is enabled and 1 if it is not
           enabled.
    


* * *
# ssh-sk-helper

## NAME



           **ssh-sk-helper** — OpenSSH helper for FIDO authenticator support
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **ssh-sk-helper**[**-v**]
    


## DESCRIPTION



           **ssh-sk-helper** is used by _ssh_(1), _ssh-agent_(1), and _ssh-keygen_(1)
           to access keys provided by a FIDO authenticator.
    
           **ssh-sk-helper** is not intended to be invoked directly by the user.
    
           A single option is supported:
    
           **-v** Verbose mode.  Causes **ssh-sk-helper** to print debugging
                   messages about its progress.  This is helpful in debugging
                   problems.  Multiple **-v** options increase the verbosity.
                   The maximum is 3.
    
                   Note that _ssh_(1), _ssh-agent_(1), and _ssh-keygen_(1) will
                   automatically pass the **-v** flag to **ssh-sk-helper** when they
                   have themselves been placed in debug mode.
    


* * *
# pppdump

## NAME



           pppdump - convert PPP record file to readable format
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **pppdump**[ **-h** | **-p**[ **-d**]] [ **-r**] [ **-a**] [ **-m** _mru_ ] [ _file_ ...  ]
    


## DESCRIPTION



           The **pppdump** utility converts the files written using the _record_
           option of **pppd** into a human-readable format.  If one or more
           filenames are specified, **pppdump** will read each in turn; otherwise
           it will read its standard input.  In each case the result is
           written to standard output.
    
           The options are as follows:
    
           **-h** Prints the bytes sent and received in hexadecimal.  If
                  neither this option nor the **-p** option is specified, the
                  bytes are printed as the characters themselves, with non-
                  printing and non-ASCII characters printed as escape
                  sequences.
    
           **-p** Collects the bytes sent and received into PPP packets,
                  interpreting the async HDLC framing and escape characters
                  and checking the FCS (frame check sequence) of each packet.
                  The packets are printed as hex values and as characters
                  (non-printable characters are printed as `.').
    
           **-d** With the **-p** option, this option causes **pppdump** to
                  decompress packets which have been compressed with the BSD-
                  Compress or Deflate methods.
    
           **-r** Reverses the direction indicators, so that `sent' is
                  printed for bytes or packets received, and `rcvd' is
                  printed for bytes or packets sent.
    
           **-a** Prints absolute times.
    
           **-m** _mru_ Use _mru_ as the MRU (maximum receive unit) for both
                  directions of the link when checking for over-length PPP
                  packets (with the **-p** option).
    


* * *
# systemd-logind.service

## NAME



           systemd-logind.service, systemd-logind - Login manager
    


## SYNOPSIS



           systemd-logind.service
    
           /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-logind
    


## DESCRIPTION



           **systemd-logind** is a system service that manages user logins. It is
           responsible for:
    
           •   Keeping track of users and sessions, their processes and their
               idle state. This is implemented by allocating a systemd slice
               unit for each user below user.slice, and a scope unit below it
               for each concurrent session of a user. Also, a per-user
               service manager is started as system service instance of
               user@.service for each logged in user.
    
           •   Generating and managing session IDs. If auditing is available
               and an audit session ID is already set for a session, then
               this ID is reused as the session ID. Otherwise, an independent
               session counter is used.
    
           •   Providing **polkit******[1]-based access for users for operations such
               as system shutdown or sleep
    
           •   Implementing a shutdown/sleep inhibition logic for
               applications
    
           •   Handling of power/sleep hardware keys
    
           •   Multi-seat management
    
           •   Session switch management
    
           •   Device access management for users
    
           •   Automatic spawning of text logins (gettys) on virtual console
               activation and user runtime directory management
    
           •   Scheduled shutdown
    
           •   Sending "wall" messages
    
           User sessions are registered with logind via thepam_systemd(8)
           PAM module.
    
           See logind.conf(5) for information about the configuration of this
           service.
    
           See sd-login(3) for information about the basic concepts of logind
           such as users, sessions and seats.
    
           See org.freedesktop.login1(5) and org.freedesktop.LogControl1(5)
           for information about the D-Bus APIs systemd-logind provides.
    
           For more information see **Inhibitor Locks******[2].
    
           If you are interested in writing a display manager that makes use
           of logind, please have look at**Writing Display Managers******[3]. If you
           are interested in writing a desktop environment that makes use of
           logind, please have look at**Writing Desktop Environments******[4].


## NOTES



            1. polkit
               https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/polkit
    
            2. Inhibitor Locks
               https://systemd.io/INHIBITOR_LOCKS
    
            3. Writing Display Managers
               https://systemd.io/WRITING_DISPLAY_MANAGERS
    
            4. Writing Desktop Environments
               https://systemd.io/WRITING_DESKTOP_ENVIRONMENTS
    


* * *
# pam_umask

## NAME



           pam_umask - PAM module to set the file mode creation mask
    


## SYNOPSIS



    
           **pam_umask.so**[debug] [silent] [usergroups] [nousergroups]
                        [umask=_mask_]
    


## DESCRIPTION



           pam_umask is a PAM module to set the file mode creation mask of
           the current environment. The umask affects the default permissions
           assigned to newly created files.
    
           The PAM module tries to get the umask value from the following
           places in the following order:
    
           •   umask= entry in the user's GECOS field
    
           •   umask= argument
    
           •   UMASK entry from /etc/login.defs
    
           •   UMASK= entry from /etc/default/login
    
           The GECOS field is split on comma ',' characters. The module also
           in addition to the umask= entry recognizes pri= entry, which sets
           the nice priority value for the session, and ulimit= entry, which
           sets the maximum size of files the processes in the session can
           create.
    


## OPTIONS



           **debug**
               Print debug information.
    
           **silent**
               Don't print informative messages.
    
           **usergroups**
               If the user is not root and the username is the same as
               primary group name, the umask group bits are set to be the
               same as owner bits (examples: 022 -> 002, 077 -> 007).
    
           **nousergroups**
               This is the direct opposite of the usergroups option described
               above, which can be useful in case pam_umask has been compiled
               with usergroups enabled by default and you want to disable it
               at runtime.
    
           **umask=**_mask_
               Sets the calling process's file mode creation mask (umask) to
               **mask** & 0777. The value is interpreted as Octal.
    


## MODULE TYPES PROVIDED



           Only the **session** type is provided.
    


## RETURN VALUES



           PAM_SUCCESS
               The new umask was set successfully.
    
           PAM_BUF_ERR
               Memory buffer error.
    
           PAM_CONV_ERR
               The conversation method supplied by the application failed to
               obtain the username.
    
           PAM_INCOMPLETE
               The conversation method supplied by the application returned
               PAM_CONV_AGAIN.
    
           PAM_SERVICE_ERR
               No username was given.
    
           PAM_USER_UNKNOWN
               User not known.
    


## EXAMPLES



           Add the following line to /etc/pam.d/login to set the user
           specific umask at login:
    
                       session optional pam_umask.so umask=0022
    


* * *
# ibcheckerrs

## NAME



           ibcheckerrs - validate IB port (or node) and report errors in
           counters above threshold
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **ibcheckerrs**[-h] [-b] [-v] [-G] [-T <threshold_file>]
           [-s(how_thresholds)] [-N | -nocolor] [-C ca_name] [-P ca_port]
           [-t(imeout) timeout_ms] <lid|guid> <port>
    


## DESCRIPTION



           Check specified port (or node) and report errors that surpassed
           their predefined threshold. Port address is lid unless -G option
           is used to specify a GUID address. The predefined thresholds can
           be dumped using the -s option, and a user defined threshold_file
           (using the same format as the dump) can be specified using the -t
           <file> option.
    


## OPTIONS



           -G      use GUID address argument. In most cases, it is the Port
           GUID.
                   Example:
                   "0x08f1040023"
    
           -s      show predefined thresholds
    
           -T      use specified threshold file
    
           -v      increase the verbosity level
    
           -b      brief mode. Reduce the output to show only if errors are
                   present, not what they are.
    
           -N | -nocolor use mono rather than color mode
    
           -C <ca_name>    use the specified ca_name.
    
           -P <ca_port>    use the specified ca_port.
    
           -t <timeout_ms> override the default timeout for the solicited
           mads.
    


## EXAMPLE



           ibcheckerrs 2           # check aggregated node counter for lid 2
    
           ibcheckerrs 2   4       # check port counters for lid 2 port 4
    
           ibcheckerrs -T xxx 2    # check node using xxx threshold file
    


* * *
# rtmon

## NAME



           rtmon - listens to and monitors RTnetlink
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **rtmon**[ _OPTIONS_ ] **file** _FILE_ **[** all | _OBJECTS_ ]
    
           _OPTIONS_ := { f[amily] { inet | inet6 | link | help } | -4 | -6 |
                   -0 | -V[ersion] }
    
           _OBJECTS_ **:= [ link ] [ address ] [ route ]**
    


## DESCRIPTION



           This manual page documents briefly the **rtmon** command.
    
           **rtmon** listens on _netlink_ socket and monitors routing table
           changes.
    
           _rtmon_ can be started before the first network configuration
           command is issued.  For example if you insert:
    
           **rtmon file /var/log/rtmon.log**
    
           in a startup script, you will be able to view the full history
           later.  Certainly, it is possible to start rtmon at any time. It
           prepends the history with the state snapshot dumped at the moment
           of starting.
    


## OPTIONS



           _rtmon supports the following options:_
    
           **-Version**
                  Print version and exit.
    
           **help** Show summary of options.
    
           **file FILE [ all | OBJECTS ]**
                  Log output to FILE. OBJECTS is the list of object types
                  that we want to monitor. It may contain 'link', 'address',
                  'route' and 'all'. 'link' specifies the network device,
                  'address' the protocol (IP or IPv6) address on a device,
                  'route' the routing table entry and 'all' does what the
                  name says.
    
           **-family [ inet | inet6 | link | help ]**
                  Specify protocol family. 'inet' is IPv4, 'inet6' is IPv6,
                  'link' means that no networking protocol is involved and
                  'help' prints usage information.
    
           **-4** Use IPv4. Shortcut for -family inet.
    
           **-6** Use IPv6. Shortcut for -family inet6.
    
           **-0** Use a special family identifier meaning that no networking
                  protocol is involved. Shortcut for -family link.
    


## USAGE EXAMPLES



           **# rtmon file /var/log/rtmon.log**
                  Log to file /var/log/rtmon.log, then run:
    
           **# ip monitor file /var/log/rtmon.log**
                  to display logged output from file.
    


* * *
# pam_deny

## NAME



           pam_deny - The locking-out PAM module
    


## SYNOPSIS



    
           **pam_deny.so**
    


## DESCRIPTION



           This module can be used to deny access. It always indicates a
           failure to the application through the PAM framework. It might be
           suitable for using for default (the _OTHER_) entries.
    


## OPTIONS



           This module does not recognise any options.
    


## MODULE TYPES PROVIDED



           All module types (**account** , **auth** , **password** and **session**) are
           provided.
    


## RETURN VALUES



           PAM_AUTH_ERR
               This is returned by the account and auth services.
    
           PAM_CRED_ERR
               This is returned by the setcred function.
    
           PAM_AUTHTOK_ERR
               This is returned by the password service.
    
           PAM_SESSION_ERR
               This is returned by the session service.
    


## EXAMPLES



               #%PAM-1.0
               #
               # If we don't have config entries for a service, the
               # OTHER entries are used. To be secure, warn and deny
               # access to everything.
               other auth     required       pam_warn.so
               other auth     required       pam_deny.so
               other account  required       pam_warn.so
               other account  required       pam_deny.so
               other password required       pam_warn.so
               other password required       pam_deny.so
               other session  required       pam_warn.so
               other session  required       pam_deny.so
    


* * *
# devlink-resource

## NAME



           devlink-resource - devlink device resource configuration
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **devlink**[ _OPTIONS_ ] **resource**{ _COMMAND_ | **help**}
    
           _OPTIONS_ := { **-v**[_erbose_] }
    
           **devlink resource show** _DEV_
    
           **devlink resource help**
    
           **devlink resource set** _DEV_ **path** _RESOURCE_PATH_ **size** _RESOURCE_SIZE_
    


## DESCRIPTION



       **devlink resource show - display devlink device's resosources**
           _DEV_ - specifies the devlink device to show.
    
               Format is:
                 BUS_NAME/BUS_ADDRESS
    
       **devlink resource set - sets resource size of specific resource**
           _DEV_ - specifies the devlink device.
    
           **path** _RESOURCE_PATH_
                  Resource's path.
    
           **size** _RESOURCE_SIZE_
                  The new resource's size.
    


## EXAMPLES



           devlink resource show pci/0000:01:00.0
               Shows the resources of the specified devlink device.
    
           devlink resource set pci/0000:01:00.0 path /kvd/linear size 98304
               Sets the size of the specified resource for the specified
               devlink device.
    


* * *
# systemd-hwdb

## NAME



           systemd-hwdb - hardware database management tool
    


## SYNOPSIS



    
           **systemd-hwdb [options] update**
    
           **systemd-hwdb [options] query** _modalias_
    


## DESCRIPTION



           **systemd-hwdb** expects a command and command specific arguments. It
           manages the binary hardware database.
    


## OPTIONS



           **--usr**
               Generate in /usr/lib/udev instead of /etc/udev.
    
               Added in version 219.
    
           **-r** , **--root=**_PATH_
               Alternate root path in the filesystem.
    
               Added in version 219.
    
           **-s** , **--strict**
               When updating, return non-zero exit value on any parsing
               error.
    
               Added in version 239.
    
           **-h** , **--help**
               Print a short help text and exit.
    
       **systemd-hwdb [_options_**] update
           Update the binary database.
    
       **systemd-hwdb [_options_**] query **MODALIAS**
           Query database and print result.
    


* * *
# loadunimap

## NAME



           loadunimap - load the kernel unicode-to-font mapping table
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **loadunimap**[_options_] [_map_]
    


## DESCRIPTION



           The **loadunimap** command is obsolete - its function is now built-in
           into setfont(8).  However, for backwards compatibility it is still
           available as a separate command.
    
           The program **loadunimap** loads the specified map in the kernel
           unicode-to-font mapping table.  If no map is given _def_ mapping
           table is assumed.  The default extension (that can be omitted) is
           _.uni_.
    
           On Linux 2.6.1 and later one can specify the console device using
           the **-C** option.
    
           Usually one does not call **loadunimap** directly - its function is
           also built into setfont(8).
    


## OPTIONS



           **-o** , **--output** =_FILE_
                  save the old map to the **FILE**.
    
           **-C** , **--console** =_DEV_
                  the console device to be used.
    
           **-V** , **--version**
                  print version number.
    
           **-h** , **--help**
                  print this usage message.
    


## FILES



           _/usr/local/share/unimaps_
                  The default directory for unicode mappings.
    
           _/usr/local/share/unimaps/def.uni_
                  The default mapping file.
    


* * *
# e2undo

## NAME



           e2undo - Replay an undo log for an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **e2undo**[ **-f**] [ **-h**] [ **-n**] [ **-o** _offset_ ] [ **-v**] [ **-z** _undo_file_ ]
           _undo_log device_
    


## DESCRIPTION



           **e2undo** will replay the undo log _undo_log_ for an ext2/ext3/ext4
           file system found on _device_.  This can be used to undo a failed
           operation by an e2fsprogs program.
    


## OPTIONS



           **-f** Normally, **e2undo** will check the file system superblock to
                  make sure the undo log matches with the file system on the
                  device.  If they do not match, **e2undo** will refuse to apply
                  the undo log as a safety mechanism.  The **-f** option disables
                  this safety mechanism.
    
           **-h** Display a usage message.
    
           **-n** Dry-run; do not actually write blocks back to the file
                  system.
    
           **-o** _offset_
                  Specify the file system's _offset_ (in bytes) from the
                  beginning of the device or file.
    
           **-v** Report which block we're currently replaying.
    
           **-z** _undo_file_
                  Before overwriting a file system block, write the old
                  contents of the block to an undo file.  This undo file can
                  be used with e2undo(8) to restore the old contents of the
                  file system should something go wrong.  If the empty string
                  is passed as the undo_file argument, the undo file will be
                  written to a file named e2undo-_device_.e2undo in the
                  directory specified via the _E2FSPROGS_UNDO_DIR_ environment
                  variable.
    
                  WARNING: The undo file cannot be used to recover from a
                  power or system crash.
    


## AVAILABILITY



           **e2undo** is part of the e2fsprogs package and is available from
           http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net.
    


* * *
# xqmstats

## NAME



           **xqmstats** - Display XFS quota manager statistics from /proc
    


## SYNOPSIS



           _/usr/sbin/xqmstats_
    


## DESCRIPTION



           **xqmstat** queries the kernel for the XFS Quota Manager dquot
           statistics.  It displays:
    
               •      Reclaims
               •      Missed reclaims
               •      Dquot dups
               •      Cache misses
               •      Cache hits
               •      Dquot wants
               •      Shake reclaims
               •      Inact reclaims
    


## OPTIONS



           None.
    


* * *
# ibdatacounters

## NAME



           ibdatacounters - query IB subnet for data counters
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **ibdatacounters**[-h] [-b] [-v] [-N | -nocolor] [<topology-file> |
           -C ca_name -P ca_port -t(imeout) timeout_ms]
    


## DESCRIPTION



           ibdatacounters is a script which uses a full topology file that
           was created by ibnetdiscover, scans the network to validate the
           connectivity and reports the data counters (from port counters).
    


## OPTIONS



           -v   increase the verbosity level
    
           -b   brief mode. Reduce the output to show only if errors are
           present,
                not what they are.
    
           -N | -nocolor  use mono rather than color mode
    
           -C <ca_name>    use the specified ca_name.
    
           -P <ca_port>    use the specified ca_port.
    
           -t <timeout_ms> override the default timeout for the solicited
           mads.
    


* * *
# rpm-plugin-systemd-inhibit

## NAME



           rpm-plugin-systemd-inhibit - Plugin for the RPM Package Manager
    


## Description



           This plugin for RPM prevents the system to enter shutdown, sleep
           or idle mode while there is a rpm transaction running to prevent
           system corruption that can occur if the transaction is interrupted
           by a reboot.
    
           This is achieved by using the inhibit DBUS interface of
           systemd(1).  The call is roughly equivalent to executing
    
           **systemd-inhibit --mode=block --what=idle:sleep:shutdown --who=RPM**
           **--why="Transaction running"**
    
           See systemd-inhibit(1) for the details of this mechanism.
    
           It is strongly advised to have the plugin installed on all systemd
           based systems.
    


## Prerequisites



           For the plugin to work systemd has to be used as init system and
           the DBUS system bus must be available.  If the plugin cannot
           access the interface it gives a warning but does not stop the
           transaction.
    


## Configuration



           There are currently no options for this plugin in particular.  See
           rpm-plugins(8) on how to control plugins in general.
    


* * *
# iptunnel

## NAME



           **iptunnel** - creates, changes, deletes, and displays configured
           tunnels
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **iptunnel**[<**operation** >] [<**args** >]
    


## NOTE



           This program is obsolete. Please use **ip tunnel** instead, and see
           ip-tunnel(8) for more information.
    


## DESCRIPTION



           The **iptunnel** command creates configured tunnels for sending and
           receiving IPv6 or IPv4 packets that are encapsulated as the
           payload of an IPv4 datagram.
    
           The **iptunnel** command can perform one of the following operations:
    
           **create** - create a tunnel interface, which you must subsequently
           configure.
    
           **change** - change an existing tunnel interface.
    
           **delete** - delete a tunnel interface. You must disable the tunnel
           before you can delete it.
    
           **show** - show the tunnel attributes (name, tunnel end points, next
           hop for tunneled packets).
    


* * *
# nologin

## NAME



           nologin - politely refuse a login
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **nologin**[**-V**] [**-h**]
    


## DESCRIPTION



           **nologin** displays a message that an account is not available and
           exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell field to
           deny login access to an account.
    
           If the file _/etc/nologin.txt_ exists, **nologin** displays its contents
           to the user instead of the default message.
    
           The exit status returned by **nologin** is always 1.
    


## OPTIONS



           **-c** , **--command** _command_
    
           **--init-file**
    
           **-i --interactive**
    
           **--init-file** _file_
    
           **-i** , **--interactive**
    
           **-l** , **--login**
    
           **--noprofile**
    
           **--norc**
    
           **--posix**
    
           **--rcfile** _file_
    
           **-r** , **--restricted**
    
           These shell command-line options are ignored to avoid **nologin**
           error.
    
           **-h** , **--help**
               Display help text and exit.
    
           **-V** , **--version**
               Display version and exit.
    


## NOTES



           **nologin** is a per-account way to disable login (usually used for
           system accounts like http or ftp). **nologin** uses _/etc/nologin.txt_
           as an optional source for a non-default message, the login access
           is always refused independently of the file.
    
           pam_nologin(8) PAM module usually prevents all non-root users from
           logging into the system. pam_nologin(8) functionality is
           controlled by _/var/run/nologin_ or the _/etc/nologin_ file.
    


## AVAILABILITY



           The **nologin** command is part of the util-linux package which can be
           downloaded from Linux Kernel Archive
           <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>. This page is
           part of the _util-linux_ (a random collection of Linux utilities)
           project. Information about the project can be found at 
           ⟨https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/⟩. If you have a
           bug report for this manual page, send it to
           util-linux@vger.kernel.org. This page was obtained from the
           project's upstream Git repository
           ⟨git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/util-linux/util-linux.git⟩ on
           2025-08-11. (At that time, the date of the most recent commit that
           was found in the repository was 2025-08-05.) If you discover any
           rendering problems in this HTML version of the page, or you
           believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for the page,
           or you have corrections or improvements to the information in this
           COLOPHON (which is _not_ part of the original manual page), send a
           mail to man-pages@man7.org
    
    util-linux 2.42-start-521-ec46  2025-01-16                     _NOLOGIN_(8)
    


* * *
# mail.mda

## NAME



           **mail.mda** — deliver mail to a program
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **mail.mda** _program_
    


## DESCRIPTION



           **mail.mda** executes the program and its parameters.  The program
           must read from the standard input up to an end-of-file and
           acknowledge delivery success or failure with its exit status.
    


## EXIT STATUS



           The **mail.mda** utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error
           occurs.
    


* * *
# pam_warn

## NAME



           pam_warn - PAM module which logs all PAM items if called
    


## SYNOPSIS



    
           **pam_warn.so**
    


## DESCRIPTION



           pam_warn is a PAM module that logs the service, terminal, user,
           remote user and remote host to syslog(3). The items are not probed
           for, but instead obtained from the standard PAM items. The module
           always returns **PAM_IGNORE** , indicating that it does not want to
           affect the authentication process.
    


## OPTIONS



           This module does not recognise any options.
    


## MODULE TYPES PROVIDED



           The **auth** , **account** , **password** and **session** module types are provided.
    


## RETURN VALUES



           PAM_IGNORE
               This module always returns PAM_IGNORE.
    


## EXAMPLES



               #%PAM-1.0
               #
               # If we don't have config entries for a service, the
               # OTHER entries are used. To be secure, warn and deny
               # access to everything.
               other auth     required       pam_warn.so
               other auth     required       pam_deny.so
               other account  required       pam_warn.so
               other account  required       pam_deny.so
               other password required       pam_warn.so
               other password required       pam_deny.so
               other session  required       pam_warn.so
               other session  required       pam_deny.so
    


* * *
# ibcheckport

## NAME



           ibcheckport - validate IB port and report errors
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **ibcheckport**[-h] [-v] [-N | -nocolor] [-G] [-C ca_name] [-P
           ca_port] [-t(imeout) timeout_ms]  <lid|guid> <port>
    


## DESCRIPTION



           Check connectivity and do some simple sanity checks for the
           specified port.  Port address is a lid unless -G option is used to
           specify a GUID address.
    


## OPTIONS



           -G      use GUID address argument. In most cases, it is the Port
           GUID.
                   Example:
                   "0x08f1040023"
    
           -v      increase the verbosity level
    
           -N | -nocolor use mono rather than color mode
    
           -C <ca_name>    use the specified ca_name.
    
           -P <ca_port>    use the specified ca_port.
    
           -t <timeout_ms> override the default timeout for the solicited
           mads.
    


## EXAMPLE



           ibcheckport 2 3         # check lid 2 port 3
    


* * *
# addpart

## NAME



           addpart - tell the kernel about the existence of a partition
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **addpart** _device partition start length_
    


## DESCRIPTION



           **addpart** tells the Linux kernel about the existence of the
           specified partition. The command is a simple wrapper around the
           "add partition" ioctl.
    
           This command doesn’t manipulate partitions on a block device.
    


## PARAMETERS



           _device_
               The disk device.
    
           _partition_
               The partition number.
    
           _start_
               The beginning of the partition (in 512-byte sectors).
    
           _length_
               The length of the partition (in 512-byte sectors).
    
           **-h** , **--help**
               Display help text and exit.
    
           **-V** , **--version**
               Display version and exit.
    


## AVAILABILITY



           The **addpart** command is part of the util-linux package which can be
           downloaded from Linux Kernel Archive
           <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/>. This page is
           part of the _util-linux_ (a random collection of Linux utilities)
           project. Information about the project can be found at 
           ⟨https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/⟩. If you have a
           bug report for this manual page, send it to
           util-linux@vger.kernel.org. This page was obtained from the
           project's upstream Git repository
           ⟨git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/utils/util-linux/util-linux.git⟩ on
           2025-08-11. (At that time, the date of the most recent commit that
           was found in the repository was 2025-08-05.) If you discover any
           rendering problems in this HTML version of the page, or you
           believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for the page,
           or you have corrections or improvements to the information in this
           COLOPHON (which is _not_ part of the original manual page), send a
           mail to man-pages@man7.org
    
    util-linux 2.42-start-521-ec46  2025-08-09                     _ADDPART_(8)
    


* * *
# netcap

## NAME



           netcap - a program to see capabilities
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **netcap**
    


## DESCRIPTION



           **netcap** is a program that prints out a report of process
           capabilities. If the application is using tcp, udp, raw, or packet
           family of sockets AND has any capabilities, it will be in the
           report. If the process has partial capabilities, it is further
           examined to see if it has an open-ended bounding set. If this is
           found to be true, a '+' symbol is added.  If the process has
           ambient capabilities, a '@' symbols is added.
    
           Some directories in the /proc file system are readonly by root.
           The program will try to access and report what it can. But if
           nothing comes out, try changing to the root user and re-run this
           program.
    


* * *
# mcs

## NAME



           mcs - Multi-Category System
    


## DESCRIPTION



           MCS (Multiple Category System) allows users to label files on
           their system within administrator defined categories.  It then
           uses SELinux Mandatory Access Control to protect those files.
           MCS is a discretionary model to allow users to mark their data
           with additional tags that further restrict access.  The only
           mandatory aspect is authorizing users for categories by defining
           their clearance in policy.  However, MCS is similar to MLS and
           exercises the same code paths and share the same support
           infrastructure.  They just differ in their specific configuration.
    
           The _/etc/selinux/{SELINUXTYPE}/setrans.conf configuration file_
           _translates the labels on disk to human_ readable form.
           Administrators can define any labels they want in this file.
           Certain applications like printing and auditing will use these
           labels to identify the files.  By setting a category on a file you
           will prevent other applications/services from having access to the
           files.
    
           Examples of file labels would be PatientRecord,
           CompanyConfidential etc.
    


## FILES



           /etc/selinux/{SELINUXTYPE}/setrans.conf
    


* * *