# du

## NAME



           du - estimate file space usage
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **du**[_OPTION_]... [_FILE_]...
           **du**[_OPTION_]... _--files0-from=F_
    


## DESCRIPTION



           Summarize device usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for
           directories.
    
           Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short
           options too.
    
           **-0** , **--null**
                  end each output line with NUL, not newline
    
           **-a** , **--all**
                  write counts for all files, not just directories
    
           **--apparent-size**
                  print apparent sizes rather than device usage; although the
                  apparent size is usually smaller, it may be larger due to
                  holes in ('sparse') files, internal fragmentation, indirect
                  blocks, and the like
    
           **-B** , **--block-size** =_SIZE_
                  scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g., '-BM'
                  prints sizes in units of 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format
                  below
    
           **-b** , **--bytes**
                  equivalent to '--apparent-size **--block-size** =_1_ '
    
           **-c** , **--total**
                  produce a grand total
    
           **-D** , **--dereference-args**
                  dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command
                  line
    
           **-d** , **--max-depth** =_N_
                  print the total for a directory (or file, with **--all**) only
                  if it is N or fewer levels below the command line argument;
                  **--max-depth** =_0_ is the same as **--summarize**
    
           **--files0-from** =_F_
                  summarize device usage of the NUL-terminated file names
                  specified in file F; if F is -, then read names from
                  standard input
    
           **-H** equivalent to **--dereference-args**(**-D**)
    
           **-h** , **--human-readable**
                  print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
    
           **--inodes**
                  list inode usage information instead of block usage
    
           **-k** like **--block-size** =_1K_
    
           **-L** , **--dereference**
                  dereference all symbolic links
    
           **-l** , **--count-links**
                  count sizes many times if hard linked
    
           **-m** like **--block-size** =_1M_
    
           **-P** , **--no-dereference**
                  don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)
    
           **-S** , **--separate-dirs**
                  for directories do not include size of subdirectories
    
           **--si** like **-h** , but use powers of 1000 not 1024
    
           **-s** , **--summarize**
                  display only a total for each argument
    
           **-t** , **--threshold** =_SIZE_
                  exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries
                  greater than SIZE if negative
    
           **--time** show time of the last modification of any file in the
                  directory, or any of its subdirectories
    
           **--time** =_WORD_
                  show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime,
                  access, use, ctime or status
    
           **--time-style** =_STYLE_
                  show times using STYLE, which can be: full-iso, long-iso,
                  iso, or +FORMAT; FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'
    
           **-X** , **--exclude-from** =_FILE_
                  exclude files that match any pattern in FILE
    
           **--exclude** =_PATTERN_
                  exclude files that match PATTERN
    
           **-x** , **--one-file-system**
                  skip directories on different file systems
    
           **--help** display this help and exit
    
           **--version**
                  output version information and exit
    
           Display values are in units of the first available SIZE from
           **--block-size** , and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE
           environment variables.  Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes (or
           512 if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).
    
           The SIZE argument is an integer and optional unit (example: 10K is
           10*1024).  Units are K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q (powers of 1024) or
           KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).  Binary prefixes can be used, too:
           KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.
    


## PATTERNS



           PATTERN is a shell pattern (not a regular expression).  The
           pattern **?** matches any one character, whereas ***** matches any string
           (composed of zero, one or multiple characters).  For example, ***.o**
           will match any files whose names end in **.o**.  Therefore, the
           command
    
                  **du --exclude='*.o'**
    
           will skip all files and subdirectories ending in **.o**(including the
           file **.o** itself).
    


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