# sar

## NAME



           sar - Collect, report, or save system activity information.
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **sar [ -A ] [ -B ] [ -b ] [ -C ] [ -D ] [ -d ] [ -F [ MOUNT ] ] [**
           **-H ] [ -h ] [ -p ] [ -r [ ALL ] ] [ -S ] [ -t ] [ -u [ ALL ] ] [**
           **-V ] [ -v ] [ -W ] [ -w ] [ -x ] [ -y ] [ -z ] [ --dec={ 0 | 1 | 2**
           **} ] [ --dev=**_dev_list_ **] [ --fs=**_fs_list_ **] [ --help ] [ --human ] [**
           **--iface=**_iface_list_ **] [ --int=**_int_list_ **] [ --pretty ] [ --sadc ] [**
           **-I [ SUM | ALL ] ] [ -P {**_cpu_list_ **| ALL } ] [ -m {**_keyword_**[,...]**
           **| ALL } ] [ -n {**_keyword_**[,...] | ALL } ] [ -q [**_keyword_**[,...] |**
           **ALL ] ] [ -j { SID | ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... } ] [ -f [**
           _filename_ **] | -o [**_filename_ **] | -[0-9]+ ] [ -i** _interval_ **] [ -s [**
           _start_time_ **] ] [ -e [**_end_time_ **] ] ] [**_interval_ **[**_count_ **] ]**
    


## DESCRIPTION



           The **sar** command writes to standard output the contents of selected
           cumulative activity counters in the operating system. The
           accounting system, based on the values in the _count_ and _interval_
           parameters, writes information the specified number of times
           spaced at the specified intervals in seconds.  If the _interval_
           parameter is set to zero, the **sar** command displays the average
           statistics for the time since the system was started. If the
           _interval_ parameter is specified without the _count_ parameter, then
           reports are generated continuously.  The collected data can also
           be saved in the file specified by the **-o** _filename_ flag, in
           addition to being displayed onto the screen. If _filename_ is
           omitted, **sar** uses the standard system activity daily data file
           (see below).  By default all the data available from the kernel
           are saved in the data file.
    
           The **sar** command extracts and writes to standard output records
           previously saved in a file. This file can be either the one
           specified by the **-f** flag or, by default, the standard system
           activity daily data file.  It is also possible to enter **-1** , **-2**
           etc. as an argument to **sar** to display data of that days ago. For
           example, **-1** will point at the standard system activity file of
           yesterday.
    
           Standard system activity daily data files are named _saDD_ or
           _saYYYYMMDD_ , where _YYYY_ stands for the current year, _MM_ for the
           current month and _DD_ for the current day. They are the default
           files used by **sar** only when no filename has been explicitly
           specified.  When used to write data to files (with its option **-o**),
           **sar** will use _saYYYYMMDD_ if option **-D** has also been specified, else
           it will use _saDD_.  When used to display the records previously
           saved in a file, **sar** will look for the most recent of _saDD_ and
           _saYYYYMMDD_ , and use it.
    
           Standard system activity daily data files are located in the
           _/var/log/sa_ directory by default. Yet it is possible to specify an
           alternate location for them: If a directory (instead of a plain
           file) is used with options **-f** or **-o** then it will be considered as
           the directory containing the data files.
    
           Without the **-P** flag, the **sar** command reports system-wide (global
           among all processors) statistics, which are calculated as averages
           for values expressed as percentages, and as sums otherwise. If the
           **-P** flag is given, the **sar** command reports activity which relates
           to the specified processor or processors. If **-P ALL** is given, the
           **sar** command reports statistics for each individual processor and
           global statistics among all processors. Offline processors are not
           displayed.
    
           You can select information about specific system activities using
           flags. Not specifying any flags selects only CPU activity.
           Specifying the **-A** flag selects all possible activities.
    
           The default version of the **sar** command (CPU utilization report)
           might be one of the first facilities the user runs to begin system
           activity investigation, because it monitors major system
           resources. If CPU utilization is near 100 percent (user + nice +
           system), the workload sampled is CPU-bound.
    
           If multiple samples and multiple reports are desired, it is
           convenient to specify an output file for the **sar** command. Run the
           **sar** command as a background process. The syntax for this is:
    
           **sar -o** _datafile interval count_ **> /dev/null 2>&1 &**
    
           All data are captured in binary form and saved to a file
           (_datafile_).  The data can then be selectively displayed with the
           **sar** command using the **-f** option. Set the _interval_ and _count_
           parameters to select _count_ records at _interval_ second intervals.
           If the _count_ parameter is not set, all the records saved in the
           file will be selected.  Collection of data in this manner is
           useful to characterize system usage over a period of time and
           determine peak usage hours.
    
           Note: The **sar** command only reports on local activities.
    


## OPTIONS



           **-A** This is equivalent to specifying **-bBdFHISvwWy -m ALL -n ALL**
                  **-q ALL -r ALL -u ALL**.  This option also implies specifying
                  **-I ALL -P ALL** unless these options are explicitly set on
                  the command line.
    
           **-B** Report paging statistics.  The following values are
                  displayed:
    
                  pgpgin/s
                         Total number of kibibytes the system paged in from
                         disk per second.
    
                  pgpgout/s
                         Total number of kibibytes the system paged out to
                         disk per second.
    
                  fault/s
                         Number of page faults (major + minor) made by the
                         system per second.  This is not a count of page
                         faults that generate I/O, because some page faults
                         can be resolved without I/O.
    
                  majflt/s
                         Number of major faults the system has made per
                         second, those which have required loading a memory
                         page from disk.
    
                  pgfree/s
                         Number of pages placed on the free list by the
                         system per second.
    
                  pgscank/s
                         Number of pages scanned by the kswapd daemon per
                         second.
    
                  pgscand/s
                         Number of pages scanned directly per second.
    
                  pgsteal/s
                         Number of pages the system has reclaimed from cache
                         (pagecache and swapcache) per second to satisfy its
                         memory demands.
    
                  pgprom/s
                         Number of pages promoted (i.e. migrated from slow to
                         fast memory types) by the system per second.
    
                  pgdem/s
                         Number of pages demoted (i.e. migrated from fast to
                         slow memory types) by the system per second.
    
           **-b** Report I/O and transfer rate statistics. The following
                  values are displayed:
    
                  tps    Total number of transfers per second that were
                         issued to physical devices.  A transfer is an I/O
                         request to a physical device. Multiple logical
                         requests can be combined into a single I/O request
                         to the device.  A transfer is of indeterminate size.
    
                  rtps   Total number of read requests per second issued to
                         physical devices.
    
                  wtps   Total number of write requests per second issued to
                         physical devices.
    
                  dtps   Total number of discard requests per second issued
                         to physical devices.
    
                  bread/s
                         Total amount of data read from the devices in blocks
                         per second.  Blocks are equivalent to sectors and
                         therefore have a size of 512 bytes.
    
                  bwrtn/s
                         Total amount of data written to devices in blocks
                         per second.
    
                  bdscd/s
                         Total amount of data discarded for devices in blocks
                         per second.
    
           **-C** When reading data from a file, tell **sar** to display comments
                  that have been inserted by **sadc**.
    
           **-D** Use _saYYYYMMDD_ instead of _saDD_ as the standard system
                  activity daily data file name. This option works only when
                  used in conjunction with option **-o** to save data to file.
    
           **-d** Report activity for each block device.  When data are
                  displayed, the device name is displayed as it (should)
                  appear in _/dev_.  **sar** uses data in _/sys_ to determine the
                  device name based on its major and minor numbers.  If this
                  name resolution fails, **sar** will use name mapping controlled
                  by _/etc/sysconfig/sysstat.ioconf_ file.  Persistent device
                  names can also be printed if option **-j** is used (see below).
                  Statistics for all devices are displayed unless a
                  restricted list is specified using option **--dev=**(see
                  corresponding option entry).  Note that disk activity
                  depends on **sadc** 's options **-S DISK** and **-S XDISK** to be
                  collected. The following values are displayed:
    
                  tps    Total number of transfers per second that were
                         issued to physical devices.  A transfer is an I/O
                         request to a physical device. Multiple logical
                         requests can be combined into a single I/O request
                         to the device.  A transfer is of indeterminate size.
    
                  rkB/s  Number of kibibytes read from the device per second.
    
                  wkB/s  Number of kibibytes written to the device per
                         second.
    
                  dkB/s  Number of kibibytes discarded for the device per
                         second.
    
                  areq-sz
                         The average size (in kibibytes) of the I/O requests
                         that were issued to the device.
                         Note: In previous versions, this field was known as
                         avgrq-sz and was expressed in sectors.
    
                  aqu-sz The average queue length of the requests that were
                         issued to the device.
                         Note: In previous versions, this field was known as
                         avgqu-sz.
    
                  await  The average time (in milliseconds) for I/O requests
                         issued to the device to be served. This includes the
                         time spent by the requests in queue and the time
                         spent servicing them.
    
                  %util  Percentage of elapsed time during which I/O requests
                         were issued to the device (bandwidth utilization for
                         the device). Device saturation occurs when this
                         value is close to 100% for devices serving requests
                         serially. But for devices serving requests in
                         parallel, such as RAID arrays and modern SSDs, this
                         number does not reflect their performance limits.
    
           **--dec={ 0 | 1 | 2 }**
                  Specify the number of decimal places to use (0 to 2,
                  default value is 2).
    
           **--dev=**_dev_list_
                  Specify the block devices for which statistics are to be
                  displayed by **sar**.  _dev_list_ is a list of comma-separated
                  device names.
    
           **-e [**_hh_**:**_mm_**[:**_ss_**] ]**
           **-e [**_seconds_since_the_epoch_ **]**
                  Set the ending time of the report. The default ending time
                  is 18:00:00. Hours must be given in 24-hour format, or as
                  the number of seconds since the epoch (given as a 10 digit
                  number).  This option can be used when data are read from
                  or written to a file (options **-f** or **-o**).
    
           **-F [ MOUNT ]**
                  Display statistics for currently mounted filesystems.
                  Pseudo-filesystems are ignored. At the end of the report,
                  **sar** will display a summary of all those filesystems. Use of
                  the **MOUNT** parameter keyword indicates that mountpoint will
                  be reported instead of filesystem device. Statistics for
                  all filesystems are displayed unless a restricted list is
                  specified using option **--fs=**(see corresponding option
                  entry).  Note that filesystems statistics depend on **sadc** 's
                  option **-S XDISK** to be collected.
    
                  The following values are displayed:
    
                  MBfsfree
                         Total amount of free space in mebibytes (including
                         space available only to privileged user).
    
                  MBfsused
                         Total amount of space used in mebibytes.
    
                  %fsused
                         Percentage of filesystem space used, as seen by a
                         privileged user.
    
                  %ufsused
                         Percentage of filesystem space used, as seen by an
                         unprivileged user.
    
                  Ifree  Total number of free file nodes in filesystem.
    
                  Iused  Total number of file nodes used in filesystem.
    
                  %Iused Percentage of file nodes used in filesystem.
    
           **-f [**_filename_ **]**
                  Extract records from _filename_ (created by the **-o** _filename_
                  flag). The default value of the _filename_ parameter is the
                  current standard system activity daily data file. If
                  _filename_ is a directory instead of a plain file then it is
                  considered as the directory where the standard system
                  activity daily data files are located. Option **-f** is
                  exclusive of option **-o**.
    
           **--fs=**_fs_list_
                  Specify the filesystems for which statistics are to be
                  displayed by **sar**.  _fs_list_ is a list of comma-separated
                  filesystem names or mountpoints.
    
           **-H** Report hugepages utilization statistics.  The following
                  values are displayed:
    
                  kbhugfree
                         Amount of hugepages memory in kibibytes that is not
                         yet allocated.
    
                  kbhugused
                         Amount of hugepages memory in kibibytes that has
                         been allocated.
    
                  %hugused
                         Percentage of total hugepages memory that has been
                         allocated.
    
                  kbhugrsvd
                         Amount of reserved hugepages memory in kibibytes.
    
                  kbhugsurp
                         Amount of surplus hugepages memory in kibibytes.
    
           **-h** This option is equivalent to specifying **--pretty --human**.
    
           **--help** Display a short help message then exit.
    
           **--human**
                  Print sizes in human readable format (e.g. 1.0k, 1.2M,
                  etc.)  The units displayed with this option supersede any
                  other default units (e.g.  kibibytes, sectors...)
                  associated with the metrics.
    
           **-I [ SUM | ALL ]**
                  Report statistics for interrupts. The values displayed are
                  the number of interrupts per second for the given processor
                  or among all processors.  A list of interrupts can be
                  specified using **--int=**(see this option). The **SUM** keyword
                  indicates that the total number of interrupts received per
                  second is to be displayed. The **ALL** keyword indicates that
                  statistics from all interrupts are to be reported (this is
                  the default).  Note that interrupts statistics depend on
                  **sadc** 's option **-S INT** to be collected.
    
           **-i** _interval_
                  Select data records at seconds as close as possible to the
                  number specified by the _interval_ parameter.
    
           **--iface=**_iface_list_
                  Specify the network interfaces for which statistics are to
                  be displayed by **sar**.  _iface_list_ is a list of comma-
                  separated interface names.
    
           **--int=**_int_list_
                  Specify the interrupts names for which statistics are to be
                  displayed by **sar**.  _int_list_ is a list of comma-separated
                  values or range of values (e.g., **0-16,35,40-**).
    
           **-j { SID | ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... }**
                  Display persistent device names. Use this option in
                  conjunction with option **-d**. Keywords **ID** , **LABEL** , etc.
                  specify the type of the persistent name. These keywords are
                  not limited, only prerequisite is that directory with
                  required persistent names is present in _/dev/disk_.  Keyword
                  **SID** tries to get a stable identifier to use as the device
                  name. A stable identifier won't change across reboots for
                  the same physical device. If it exists, this identifier is
                  normally the WWN (World Wide Name) of the device, as read
                  from the _/dev/disk/by-id_ directory.
    
           **-m {**_keyword_**[,...] | ALL }**
                  Report power management statistics.  Note that these
                  statistics depend on **sadc** 's option **-S POWER** to be
                  collected.
    
                  Possible keywords are **BAT** , **CPU** , **FAN** , **FREQ** , **IN** , **TEMP** and
                  **USB**.
    
                  With the **BAT** keyword, statistics about batteries capacity
                  are reported.  The following values are displayed:
    
                  %cap   Battery capacity.
    
                  cap/min
                         Capacity lost or gained per minute by the battery.
    
                  status Charging status of the battery: ↑ (full), ↗
                         (charging), → (not charging), ↘ (discharging), ?
                         (unknown).
    
                  With the **CPU** keyword, statistics about CPU are reported.
                  The following value is displayed:
    
                  MHz    Instantaneous CPU clock frequency in MHz.
    
                  With the **FAN** keyword, statistics about fans speed are
                  reported.  The following values are displayed:
    
                  rpm    Fan speed expressed in revolutions per minute.
    
                  drpm   This field is calculated as the difference between
                         current fan speed (rpm) and its low limit (fan_min).
    
                  DEVICE Sensor device name.
    
                  With the **FREQ** keyword, statistics about CPU clock frequency
                  are reported.  The following value is displayed:
    
                  wghMHz Weighted average CPU clock frequency in MHz.  Note
                         that the cpufreq-stats driver must be compiled in
                         the kernel for this option to work.
    
                  With the **IN** keyword, statistics about voltage inputs are
                  reported.  The following values are displayed:
    
                  inV    Voltage input expressed in Volts.
    
                  %in    Relative input value. A value of 100% means that
                         voltage input has reached its high limit (in_max)
                         whereas a value of 0% means that it has reached its
                         low limit (in_min).
    
                  DEVICE Sensor device name.
    
                  With the **TEMP** keyword, statistics about devices temperature
                  are reported.  The following values are displayed:
    
                  degC   Device temperature expressed in degrees Celsius.
    
                  %temp  Relative device temperature. A value of 100% means
                         that temperature has reached its high limit
                         (temp_max).
    
                  DEVICE Sensor device name.
    
                  With the **USB** keyword, the **sar** command takes a snapshot of
                  all the USB devices currently plugged into the system. At
                  the end of the report, **sar** will display a summary of all
                  those USB devices.  The following values are displayed:
    
                  BUS    Root hub number of the USB device.
    
                  idvendor
                         Vendor ID number (assigned by USB organization).
    
                  idprod Product ID number (assigned by Manufacturer).
    
                  maxpower
                         Maximum power consumption of the device (expressed
                         in mA).
    
                  manufact
                         Manufacturer name.
    
                  product
                         Product name.
    
                  The **ALL** keyword is equivalent to specifying all the
                  keywords above and therefore all the power management
                  statistics are reported.
    
           **-n {**_keyword_**[,...] | ALL }**
                  Report network statistics.
    
                  Possible keywords are **DEV** , **EDEV** , **FC** , **ICMP** , **EICMP** , **ICMP6** ,
                  **EICMP6** , **IP** , **EIP** , **IP6** , **EIP6** , **NFS** , **NFSD** , **SOCK** , **SOCK6** , **SOFT** ,
                  **TCP** , **ETCP** , **UDP** and **UDP6**.
    
                  With the **DEV** keyword, statistics from the network devices
                  are reported.  Statistics for all network interfaces are
                  displayed unless a restricted list is specified using
                  option **--iface=**(see corresponding option entry).  The
                  following values are displayed:
    
                  IFACE  Name of the network interface for which statistics
                         are reported.
    
                  rxpck/s
                         Total number of packets received per second.
    
                  txpck/s
                         Total number of packets transmitted per second.
    
                  rxkB/s Total number of kibibytes received per second.
    
                  txkB/s Total number of kibibytes transmitted per second.
    
                  rxcmp/s
                         Number of compressed packets received per second
                         (for cslip etc.).
    
                  txcmp/s
                         Number of compressed packets transmitted per second.
    
                  rxmcst/s
                         Number of multicast packets received per second.
    
                  %ifutil
                         Utilization percentage of the network interface. For
                         half-duplex interfaces, utilization is calculated
                         using the sum of rxkB/s and txkB/s as a percentage
                         of the interface speed. For full-duplex, this is the
                         greater of rxkB/S or txkB/s.
    
                  With the **EDEV** keyword, statistics on failures (errors) from
                  the network devices are reported.  Statistics for all
                  network interfaces are displayed unless a restricted list
                  is specified using option **--iface=**(see corresponding
                  option entry).  The following values are displayed:
    
                  IFACE  Name of the network interface for which statistics
                         are reported.
    
                  rxerr/s
                         Total number of bad packets received per second.
    
                  txerr/s
                         Total number of errors that happened per second
                         while transmitting packets.
    
                  coll/s Number of collisions that happened per second while
                         transmitting packets.
    
                  rxdrop/s
                         Number of received packets dropped per second
                         because of a lack of space in linux buffers.
    
                  txdrop/s
                         Number of transmitted packets dropped per second
                         because of a lack of space in linux buffers.
    
                  txcarr/s
                         Number of carrier-errors that happened per second
                         while transmitting packets.
    
                  rxfram/s
                         Number of frame alignment errors that happened per
                         second on received packets.
    
                  rxfifo/s
                         Number of FIFO overrun errors that happened per
                         second on received packets.
    
                  txfifo/s
                         Number of FIFO overrun errors that happened per
                         second on transmitted packets.
    
                  With the **FC** keyword, statistics about fibre channel traffic
                  are reported.  Note that fibre channel statistics depend on
                  **sadc** 's option **-S DISK** to be collected.  The following
                  values are displayed:
    
                  FCHOST Name of the fibre channel host bus adapter (HBA)
                         interface for which statistics are reported.
    
                  fch_rxf/s
                         The total number of frames received per second.
    
                  fch_txf/s
                         The total number of frames transmitted per second.
    
                  fch_rxw/s
                         The total number of transmission words received per
                         second.
    
                  fch_txw/s
                         The total number of transmission words transmitted
                         per second.
    
                  With the **ICMP** keyword, statistics about ICMPv4 network
                  traffic are reported.  Note that ICMPv4 statistics depend
                  on **sadc** 's option **-S SNMP** to be collected.  The following
                  values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square
                  brackets):
    
                  imsg/s The total number of ICMP messages which the entity
                         received per second [icmpInMsgs].  Note that this
                         counter includes all those counted by ierr/s.
    
                  omsg/s The total number of ICMP messages which this entity
                         attempted to send per second [icmpOutMsgs].  Note
                         that this counter includes all those counted by
                         oerr/s.
    
                  iech/s The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages received
                         per second [icmpInEchos].
    
                  iechr/s
                         The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages received per
                         second [icmpInEchoReps].
    
                  oech/s The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages sent per
                         second [icmpOutEchos].
    
                  oechr/s
                         The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages sent per
                         second [icmpOutEchoReps].
    
                  itm/s  The number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages
                         received per second [icmpInTimestamps].
    
                  itmr/s The number of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages received
                         per second [icmpInTimestampReps].
    
                  otm/s  The number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages sent
                         per second [icmpOutTimestamps].
    
                  otmr/s The number of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages sent per
                         second [icmpOutTimestampReps].
    
                  iadrmk/s
                         The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages
                         received per second [icmpInAddrMasks].
    
                  iadrmkr/s
                         The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages
                         received per second [icmpInAddrMaskReps].
    
                  oadrmk/s
                         The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages
                         sent per second [icmpOutAddrMasks].
    
                  oadrmkr/s
                         The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages sent
                         per second [icmpOutAddrMaskReps].
    
                  With the **EICMP** keyword, statistics about ICMPv4 error
                  messages are reported.  Note that ICMPv4 statistics depend
                  on **sadc** 's option **-S SNMP** to be collected.  The following
                  values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square
                  brackets):
    
                  ierr/s The number of ICMP messages per second which the
                         entity received but determined as having ICMP-
                         specific errors (bad ICMP checksums, bad length,
                         etc.) [icmpInErrors].
    
                  oerr/s The number of ICMP messages per second which this
                         entity did not send due to problems discovered
                         within ICMP such as a lack of buffers
                         [icmpOutErrors].
    
                  idstunr/s
                         The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages
                         received per second [icmpInDestUnreachs].
    
                  odstunr/s
                         The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages
                         sent per second [icmpOutDestUnreachs].
    
                  itmex/s
                         The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages received
                         per second [icmpInTimeExcds].
    
                  otmex/s
                         The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent per
                         second [icmpOutTimeExcds].
    
                  iparmpb/s
                         The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages
                         received per second [icmpInParmProbs].
    
                  oparmpb/s
                         The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages sent
                         per second [icmpOutParmProbs].
    
                  isrcq/s
                         The number of ICMP Source Quench messages received
                         per second [icmpInSrcQuenchs].
    
                  osrcq/s
                         The number of ICMP Source Quench messages sent per
                         second [icmpOutSrcQuenchs].
    
                  iredir/s
                         The number of ICMP Redirect messages received per
                         second [icmpInRedirects].
    
                  oredir/s
                         The number of ICMP Redirect messages sent per second
                         [icmpOutRedirects].
    
                  With the **ICMP6** keyword, statistics about ICMPv6 network
                  traffic are reported.  Note that ICMPv6 statistics depend
                  on **sadc** 's option **-S IPV6** to be collected.  The following
                  values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square
                  brackets):
    
                  imsg6/s
                         The total number of ICMP messages received by the
                         interface per second which includes all those
                         counted by ierr6/s [ipv6IfIcmpInMsgs].
    
                  omsg6/s
                         The total number of ICMP messages which this
                         interface attempted to send per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpOutMsgs].
    
                  iech6/s
                         The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages received
                         by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInEchos].
    
                  iechr6/s
                         The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages received by
                         the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInEchoReplies].
    
                  oechr6/s
                         The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages sent by the
                         interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutEchoReplies].
    
                  igmbq6/s
                         The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Query messages
                         received by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembQueries].
    
                  igmbr6/s
                         The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Response
                         messages received by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembResponses].
    
                  ogmbr6/s
                         The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Response
                         messages sent per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpOutGroupMembResponses].
    
                  igmbrd6/s
                         The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Reduction
                         messages received by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembReductions].
    
                  ogmbrd6/s
                         The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Reduction
                         messages sent per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpOutGroupMembReductions].
    
                  irtsol6/s
                         The number of ICMP Router Solicit messages received
                         by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpInRouterSolicits].
    
                  ortsol6/s
                         The number of ICMP Router Solicitation messages sent
                         by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpOutRouterSolicits].
    
                  irtad6/s
                         The number of ICMP Router Advertisement messages
                         received by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpInRouterAdvertisements].
    
                  inbsol6/s
                         The number of ICMP Neighbor Solicit messages
                         received by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpInNeighborSolicits].
    
                  onbsol6/s
                         The number of ICMP Neighbor Solicitation messages
                         sent by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpOutNeighborSolicits].
    
                  inbad6/s
                         The number of ICMP Neighbor Advertisement messages
                         received by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpInNeighborAdvertisements].
    
                  onbad6/s
                         The number of ICMP Neighbor Advertisement messages
                         sent by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpOutNeighborAdvertisements].
    
                  With the **EICMP6** keyword, statistics about ICMPv6 error
                  messages are reported.  Note that ICMPv6 statistics depend
                  on **sadc** 's option **-S IPV6** to be collected.  The following
                  values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square
                  brackets):
    
                  ierr6/s
                         The number of ICMP messages per second which the
                         interface received but determined as having ICMP-
                         specific errors (bad ICMP checksums, bad length,
                         etc.)  [ipv6IfIcmpInErrors]
    
                  idtunr6/s
                         The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages
                         received by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpInDestUnreachs].
    
                  odtunr6/s
                         The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages
                         sent by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpOutDestUnreachs].
    
                  itmex6/s
                         The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages received
                         by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInTimeExcds].
    
                  otmex6/s
                         The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent by
                         the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutTimeExcds].
    
                  iprmpb6/s
                         The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages
                         received by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpInParmProblems].
    
                  oprmpb6/s
                         The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages sent
                         by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpOutParmProblems].
    
                  iredir6/s
                         The number of Redirect messages received by the
                         interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInRedirects].
    
                  oredir6/s
                         The number of Redirect messages sent by the
                         interface by second [ipv6IfIcmpOutRedirects].
    
                  ipck2b6/s
                         The number of ICMP Packet Too Big messages received
                         by the interface per second
                         [ipv6IfIcmpInPktTooBigs].
    
                  opck2b6/s
                         The number of ICMP Packet Too Big messages sent by
                         the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutPktTooBigs].
    
                  With the **IP** keyword, statistics about IPv4 network traffic
                  are reported.  Note that IPv4 statistics depend on **sadc** 's
                  option **-S SNMP** to be collected.  The following values are
                  displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
    
                  irec/s The total number of input datagrams received from
                         interfaces per second, including those received in
                         error [ipInReceives].
    
                  fwddgm/s
                         The number of input datagrams per second, for which
                         this entity was not their final IP destination, as a
                         result of which an attempt was made to find a route
                         to forward them to that final destination
                         [ipForwDatagrams].
    
                  idel/s The total number of input datagrams successfully
                         delivered per second to IP user-protocols (including
                         ICMP) [ipInDelivers].
    
                  orq/s  The total number of IP datagrams which local IP
                         user-protocols (including ICMP) supplied per second
                         to IP in requests for transmission [ipOutRequests].
                         Note that this counter does not include any
                         datagrams counted in fwddgm/s.
    
                  asmrq/s
                         The number of IP fragments received per second which
                         needed to be reassembled at this entity
                         [ipReasmReqds].
    
                  asmok/s
                         The number of IP datagrams successfully re-assembled
                         per second [ipReasmOKs].
    
                  fragok/s
                         The number of IP datagrams that have been
                         successfully fragmented at this entity per second
                         [ipFragOKs].
    
                  fragcrt/s
                         The number of IP datagram fragments that have been
                         generated per second as a result of fragmentation at
                         this entity [ipFragCreates].
    
                  With the **EIP** keyword, statistics about IPv4 network errors
                  are reported.  Note that IPv4 statistics depend on **sadc** 's
                  option **-S SNMP** to be collected.  The following values are
                  displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
    
                  ihdrerr/s
                         The number of input datagrams discarded per second
                         due to errors in their IP headers, including bad
                         checksums, version number mismatch, other format
                         errors, time-to-live exceeded, errors discovered in
                         processing their IP options, etc. [ipInHdrErrors]
    
                  iadrerr/s
                         The number of input datagrams discarded per second
                         because the IP address in their IP header's
                         destination field was not a valid address to be
                         received at this entity. This count includes invalid
                         addresses (e.g., 0.0.0.0) and addresses of
                         unsupported Classes (e.g., Class E). For entities
                         which are not IP routers and therefore do not
                         forward datagrams, this counter includes datagrams
                         discarded because the destination address was not a
                         local address [ipInAddrErrors].
    
                  iukwnpr/s
                         The number of locally-addressed datagrams received
                         successfully but discarded per second because of an
                         unknown or unsupported protocol [ipInUnknownProtos].
    
                  idisc/s
                         The number of input IP datagrams per second for
                         which no problems were encountered to prevent their
                         continued processing, but which were discarded
                         (e.g., for lack of buffer space) [ipInDiscards].
                         Note that this counter does not include any
                         datagrams discarded while awaiting re-assembly.
    
                  odisc/s
                         The number of output IP datagrams per second for
                         which no problem was encountered to prevent their
                         transmission to their destination, but which were
                         discarded (e.g., for lack of buffer space)
                         [ipOutDiscards].  Note that this counter would
                         include datagrams counted in fwddgm/s if any such
                         packets met this (discretionary) discard criterion.
    
                  onort/s
                         The number of IP datagrams discarded per second
                         because no route could be found to transmit them to
                         their destination [ipOutNoRoutes].  Note that this
                         counter includes any packets counted in fwddgm/s
                         which meet this 'no-route' criterion.  Note that
                         this includes any datagrams which a host cannot
                         route because all of its default routers are down.
    
                  asmf/s The number of failures detected per second by the IP
                         re-assembly algorithm (for whatever reason: timed
                         out, errors, etc) [ipReasmFails].  Note that this is
                         not necessarily a count of discarded IP fragments
                         since some algorithms can lose track of the number
                         of fragments by combining them as they are received.
    
                  fragf/s
                         The number of IP datagrams that have been discarded
                         per second because they needed to be fragmented at
                         this entity but could not be, e.g., because their
                         Don't Fragment flag was set [ipFragFails].
    
                  With the **IP6** keyword, statistics about IPv6 network traffic
                  are reported.  Note that IPv6 statistics depend on **sadc** 's
                  option **-S IPV6** to be collected.  The following values are
                  displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
    
                  irec6/s
                         The total number of input datagrams received from
                         interfaces per second, including those received in
                         error [ipv6IfStatsInReceives].
    
                  fwddgm6/s
                         The number of output datagrams per second which this
                         entity received and forwarded to their final
                         destinations [ipv6IfStatsOutForwDatagrams].
    
                  idel6/s
                         The total number of datagrams successfully delivered
                         per second to IPv6 user-protocols (including ICMP)
                         [ipv6IfStatsInDelivers].
    
                  orq6/s The total number of IPv6 datagrams which local IPv6
                         user-protocols (including ICMP) supplied per second
                         to IPv6 in requests for transmission
                         [ipv6IfStatsOutRequests].  Note that this counter
                         does not include any datagrams counted in fwddgm6/s.
    
                  asmrq6/s
                         The number of IPv6 fragments received per second
                         which needed to be reassembled at this interface
                         [ipv6IfStatsReasmReqds].
    
                  asmok6/s
                         The number of IPv6 datagrams successfully
                         reassembled per second [ipv6IfStatsReasmOKs].
    
                  imcpck6/s
                         The number of multicast packets received per second
                         by the interface [ipv6IfStatsInMcastPkts].
    
                  omcpck6/s
                         The number of multicast packets transmitted per
                         second by the interface [ipv6IfStatsOutMcastPkts].
    
                  fragok6/s
                         The number of IPv6 datagrams that have been
                         successfully fragmented at this output interface per
                         second [ipv6IfStatsOutFragOKs].
    
                  fragcr6/s
                         The number of output datagram fragments that have
                         been generated per second as a result of
                         fragmentation at this output interface
                         [ipv6IfStatsOutFragCreates].
    
                  With the **EIP6** keyword, statistics about IPv6 network errors
                  are reported.  Note that IPv6 statistics depend on **sadc** 's
                  option **-S IPV6** to be collected.  The following values are
                  displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
    
                  ihdrer6/s
                         The number of input datagrams discarded per second
                         due to errors in their IPv6 headers, including
                         version number mismatch, other format errors, hop
                         count exceeded, errors discovered in processing
                         their IPv6 options, etc. [ipv6IfStatsInHdrErrors]
    
                  iadrer6/s
                         The number of input datagrams discarded per second
                         because the IPv6 address in their IPv6 header's
                         destination field was not a valid address to be
                         received at this entity. This count includes invalid
                         addresses (e.g., ::0) and unsupported addresses
                         (e.g., addresses with unallocated prefixes). For
                         entities which are not IPv6 routers and therefore do
                         not forward datagrams, this counter includes
                         datagrams discarded because the destination address
                         was not a local address [ipv6IfStatsInAddrErrors].
    
                  iukwnp6/s
                         The number of locally-addressed datagrams received
                         successfully but discarded per second because of an
                         unknown or unsupported protocol
                         [ipv6IfStatsInUnknownProtos].
    
                  i2big6/s
                         The number of input datagrams that could not be
                         forwarded per second because their size exceeded the
                         link MTU of outgoing interface
                         [ipv6IfStatsInTooBigErrors].
    
                  idisc6/s
                         The number of input IPv6 datagrams per second for
                         which no problems were encountered to prevent their
                         continued processing, but which were discarded
                         (e.g., for lack of buffer space)
                         [ipv6IfStatsInDiscards]. Note that this counter does
                         not include any datagrams discarded while awaiting
                         re-assembly.
    
                  odisc6/s
                         The number of output IPv6 datagrams per second for
                         which no problem was encountered to prevent their
                         transmission to their destination, but which were
                         discarded (e.g., for lack of buffer space)
                         [ipv6IfStatsOutDiscards]. Note that this counter
                         would include datagrams counted in fwddgm6/s if any
                         such packets met this (discretionary) discard
                         criterion.
    
                  inort6/s
                         The number of input datagrams discarded per second
                         because no route could be found to transmit them to
                         their destination [ipv6IfStatsInNoRoutes].
    
                  onort6/s
                         The number of locally generated IP datagrams
                         discarded per second because no route could be found
                         to transmit them to their destination [unknown
                         formal SNMP name].
    
                  asmf6/s
                         The number of failures detected per second by the
                         IPv6 re-assembly algorithm (for whatever reason:
                         timed out, errors, etc.) [ipv6IfStatsReasmFails].
                         Note that this is not necessarily a count of
                         discarded IPv6 fragments since some algorithms can
                         lose track of the number of fragments by combining
                         them as they are received.
    
                  fragf6/s
                         The number of IPv6 datagrams that have been
                         discarded per second because they needed to be
                         fragmented at this output interface but could not be
                         [ipv6IfStatsOutFragFails].
    
                  itrpck6/s
                         The number of input datagrams discarded per second
                         because datagram frame didn't carry enough data
                         [ipv6IfStatsInTruncatedPkts].
    
                  With the **NFS** keyword, statistics about NFS client activity
                  are reported.  The following values are displayed:
    
                  call/s Number of RPC requests made per second.
    
                  retrans/s
                         Number of RPC requests per second, those which
                         needed to be retransmitted (for example because of a
                         server timeout).
    
                  read/s Number of 'read' RPC calls made per second.
    
                  write/s
                         Number of 'write' RPC calls made per second.
    
                  access/s
                         Number of 'access' RPC calls made per second.
    
                  getatt/s
                         Number of 'getattr' RPC calls made per second.
    
                  With the **NFSD** keyword, statistics about NFS server activity
                  are reported.  The following values are displayed:
    
                  scall/s
                         Number of RPC requests received per second.
    
                  badcall/s
                         Number of bad RPC requests received per second,
                         those whose processing generated an error.
    
                  packet/s
                         Number of network packets received per second.
    
                  udp/s  Number of UDP packets received per second.
    
                  tcp/s  Number of TCP packets received per second.
    
                  hit/s  Number of reply cache hits per second.
    
                  miss/s Number of reply cache misses per second.
    
                  sread/s
                         Number of 'read' RPC calls received per second.
    
                  swrite/s
                         Number of 'write' RPC calls received per second.
    
                  saccess/s
                         Number of 'access' RPC calls received per second.
    
                  sgetatt/s
                         Number of 'getattr' RPC calls received per second.
    
                  With the **SOCK** keyword, statistics on sockets in use are
                  reported (IPv4).  The following values are displayed:
    
                  totsck Total number of sockets used by the system.
    
                  tcpsck Number of TCP sockets currently in use.
    
                  udpsck Number of UDP sockets currently in use.
    
                  rawsck Number of RAW sockets currently in use.
    
                  ip-frag
                         Number of IP fragments currently in queue.
    
                  tcp-tw Number of TCP sockets in TIME_WAIT state.
    
                  With the **SOCK6** keyword, statistics on sockets in use are
                  reported (IPv6).  Note that IPv6 statistics depend on
                  **sadc** 's option **-S IPV6** to be collected.  The following
                  values are displayed:
    
                  tcp6sck
                         Number of TCPv6 sockets currently in use.
    
                  udp6sck
                         Number of UDPv6 sockets currently in use.
    
                  raw6sck
                         Number of RAWv6 sockets currently in use.
    
                  ip6-frag
                         Number of IPv6 fragments currently in use.
    
                  With the **SOFT** keyword, statistics about software-based
                  network processing are reported.  The following values are
                  displayed:
    
                  total/s
                         The total number of network frames processed per
                         second.
    
                  dropd/s
                         The total number of network frames dropped per
                         second because there was no room on the processing
                         queue.
    
                  squeezd/s
                         The number of times the softirq handler function
                         terminated per second because its budget was
                         consumed or the time limit was reached, but more
                         work could have been done.
    
                  rx_rps/s
                         The number of times the CPU has been woken up per
                         second to process packets via an inter-processor
                         interrupt.
    
                  flw_lim/s
                         The number of times the flow limit has been reached
                         per second.  Flow limiting is an optional RPS
                         feature that can be used to limit the number of
                         packets queued to the backlog for each flow to a
                         certain amount.  This can help ensure that smaller
                         flows are processed even though much larger flows
                         are pushing packets in.
    
                  blg_len
                         The length of the network backlog.
    
                  With the **TCP** keyword, statistics about TCPv4 network
                  traffic are reported.  Note that TCPv4 statistics depend on
                  **sadc** 's option **-S SNMP** to be collected.  The following
                  values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square
                  brackets):
    
                  active/s
                         The number of times TCP connections have made a
                         direct transition to the SYN-SENT state from the
                         CLOSED state per second [tcpActiveOpens].
    
                  passive/s
                         The number of times TCP connections have made a
                         direct transition to the SYN-RCVD state from the
                         LISTEN state per second [tcpPassiveOpens].
    
                  iseg/s The total number of segments received per second,
                         including those received in error [tcpInSegs].  This
                         count includes segments received on currently
                         established connections.
    
                  oseg/s The total number of segments sent per second,
                         including those on current connections but excluding
                         those containing only retransmitted octets
                         [tcpOutSegs].
    
                  With the **ETCP** keyword, statistics about TCPv4 network
                  errors are reported.  Note that TCPv4 statistics depend on
                  **sadc** 's option **-S SNMP** to be collected.  The following
                  values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square
                  brackets):
    
                  atmptf/s
                         The number of times per second TCP connections have
                         made a direct transition to the CLOSED state from
                         either the SYN-SENT state or the SYN-RCVD state,
                         plus the number of times per second TCP connections
                         have made a direct transition to the LISTEN state
                         from the SYN-RCVD state [tcpAttemptFails].
    
                  estres/s
                         The number of times per second TCP connections have
                         made a direct transition to the CLOSED state from
                         either the ESTABLISHED state or the CLOSE-WAIT state
                         [tcpEstabResets].
    
                  retrseg/s
                         The total number of segments retransmitted per
                         second - that is, the number of TCP segments
                         transmitted containing one or more previously
                         transmitted octets [tcpRetransSegs].
    
                  isegerr/s
                         The total number of segments received in error
                         (e.g., bad TCP checksums) per second [tcpInErrs].
    
                  orsts/s
                         The number of TCP segments sent per second
                         containing the RST flag [tcpOutRsts].
    
                  With the **UDP** keyword, statistics about UDPv4 network
                  traffic are reported.  Note that UDPv4 statistics depend on
                  **sadc** 's option **-S SNMP** to be collected.  The following
                  values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square
                  brackets):
    
                  idgm/s The total number of UDP datagrams delivered per
                         second to UDP users [udpInDatagrams].
    
                  odgm/s The total number of UDP datagrams sent per second
                         from this entity [udpOutDatagrams].
    
                  noport/s
                         The total number of received UDP datagrams per
                         second for which there was no application at the
                         destination port [udpNoPorts].
    
                  idgmerr/s
                         The number of received UDP datagrams per second that
                         could not be delivered for reasons other than the
                         lack of an application at the destination port
                         [udpInErrors].
    
                  With the **UDP6** keyword, statistics about UDPv6 network
                  traffic are reported.  Note that UDPv6 statistics depend on
                  **sadc** 's option **-S IPV6** to be collected.  The following
                  values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square
                  brackets):
    
                  idgm6/s
                         The total number of UDP datagrams delivered per
                         second to UDP users [udpInDatagrams].
    
                  odgm6/s
                         The total number of UDP datagrams sent per second
                         from this entity [udpOutDatagrams].
    
                  noport6/s
                         The total number of received UDP datagrams per
                         second for which there was no application at the
                         destination port [udpNoPorts].
    
                  idgmer6/s
                         The number of received UDP datagrams per second that
                         could not be delivered for reasons other than the
                         lack of an application at the destination port
                         [udpInErrors].
    
                  The **ALL** keyword is equivalent to specifying all the
                  keywords above and therefore all the network activities are
                  reported.
    
           **-o [**_filename_ **]**
                  Save the readings in the file in binary form. Each reading
                  is in a separate record. The default value of the _filename_
                  parameter is the current standard system activity daily
                  data file. If _filename_ is a directory instead of a plain
                  file then it is considered as the directory where the
                  standard system activity daily data files are located.
                  Option **-o** is exclusive of option **-f**.  All the data
                  available from the kernel are saved in the file (in fact,
                  **sar** calls its data collector **sadc** with the option **-S ALL**.
                  See sadc(8) manual page).
    
           **-P {**_cpu_list_ **| ALL }**
                  Report per-processor statistics for the specified processor
                  or processors.  _cpu_list_ is a list of comma-separated
                  values or range of values (e.g., **0,2,4-7,12-**).  Note that
                  processor 0 is the first processor, and processor **all** is
                  the global average among all processors.  Specifying the
                  **ALL** keyword reports statistics for each individual
                  processor, and globally for all processors. Offline
                  processors are not displayed.
    
           **-p** , **--pretty**
                  Make reports easier to read by a human.  This option may be
                  especially useful when displaying e.g., network interfaces
                  or block devices statistics.
    
           **-q [**_keyword_**[,...] | ALL ]**
                  Report system load and pressure-stall statistics.
    
                  Possible keywords are **CPU** , **IO** , **LOAD** , **MEM** and **PSI**.
    
                  With the **CPU** keyword, CPU pressure statistics are reported.
                  The following values are displayed:
    
                  %scpu-10
                         Percentage of the time that at least some runnable
                         tasks were delayed because the CPU was unavailable
                         to them, over the last 10 second window.
    
                  %scpu-60
                         Percentage of the time that at least some runnable
                         tasks were delayed because the CPU was unavailable
                         to them, over the last 60 second window.
    
                  %scpu-300
                         Percentage of the time that at least some runnable
                         tasks were delayed because the CPU was unavailable
                         to them, over the last 300 second window.
    
                  %scpu  Percentage of the time that at least some runnable
                         tasks were delayed because the CPU was unavailable
                         to them, over the last time interval.
    
                  With the **IO** keyword, I/O pressure statistics are reported.
                  The following values are displayed:
    
                  %sio-10
                         Percentage of the time that at least some tasks lost
                         waiting for I/O, over the last 10 second window.
    
                  %sio-60
                         Percentage of the time that at least some tasks lost
                         waiting for I/O, over the last 60 second window.
    
                  %sio-300
                         Percentage of the time that at least some tasks lost
                         waiting for I/O, over the last 300 second window.
    
                  %sio   Percentage of the time that at least some tasks lost
                         waiting for I/O, over the last time interval.
    
                  %fio-10
                         Percentage of the time during which all non-idle
                         tasks were stalled waiting for I/O, over the last 10
                         second window.
    
                  %fio-60
                         Percentage of the time during which all non-idle
                         tasks were stalled waiting for I/O, over the last 60
                         second window.
    
                  %fio-300
                         Percentage of the time during which all non-idle
                         tasks were stalled waiting for I/O, over the last
                         300 second window.
    
                  %fio   Percentage of the time during which all non-idle
                         tasks were stalled waiting for I/O, over the last
                         time interval.
    
                  With the **LOAD** keyword, queue length and load averages
                  statistics are reported.  The following values are
                  displayed:
    
                  runq-sz
                         Run queue length (number of tasks running or waiting
                         for run time).
    
                  plist-sz
                         Number of tasks in the task list.
    
                  ldavg-1
                         System load average for the last minute.  The load
                         average is calculated as the average number of
                         runnable or running tasks (R state), and the number
                         of tasks in uninterruptible sleep (D state) over the
                         specified interval.
    
                  ldavg-5
                         System load average for the past 5 minutes.
    
                  ldavg-15
                         System load average for the past 15 minutes.
    
                  blocked
                         Number of tasks currently blocked, waiting for I/O
                         to complete.
    
                  With the **MEM** keyword, memory pressure statistics are
                  reported.  The following values are displayed:
    
                  %smem-10
                         Percentage of the time during which at least some
                         tasks were waiting for memory resources, over the
                         last 10 second window.
    
                  %smem-60
                         Percentage of the time during which at least some
                         tasks were waiting for memory resources, over the
                         last 60 second window.
    
                  %smem-300
                         Percentage of the time during which at least some
                         tasks were waiting for memory resources, over the
                         last 300 second window.
    
                  %smem  Percentage of the time during which at least some
                         tasks were waiting for memory resources, over the
                         last time interval.
    
                  %fmem-10
                         Percentage of the time during which all non-idle
                         tasks were stalled waiting for memory resources,
                         over the last 10 second window.
    
                  %fmem-60
                         Percentage of the time during which all non-idle
                         tasks were stalled waiting for memory resources,
                         over the last 60 second window.
    
                  %fmem-300
                         Percentage of the time during which all non-idle
                         tasks were stalled waiting for memory resources,
                         over the last 300 second window.
    
                  %fmem  Percentage of the time during which all non-idle
                         tasks were stalled waiting for memory resources,
                         over the last time interval.
    
                  The **PSI** keyword is equivalent to specifying CPU, IO and MEM
                  keywords together and therefore all the pressure-stall
                  statistics are reported.
    
                  The **ALL** keyword is equivalent to specifying all the
                  keywords above and therefore all the statistics are
                  reported.
    
           **-r [ ALL ]**
                  Report memory utilization statistics. The **ALL** keyword
                  indicates that all the memory fields should be displayed.
                  The following values may be displayed:
    
                  kbmemfree
                         Amount of free memory available in kibibytes.
    
                  kbavail
                         Estimate of how much memory in kibibytes is
                         available for starting new applications, without
                         swapping.  The estimate takes into account that the
                         system needs some page cache to function well, and
                         that not all reclaimable slab will be reclaimable,
                         due to items being in use. The impact of those
                         factors will vary from system to system.  If not
                         provided by the kernel, this field is the same as
                         **kbmemfree**.
    
                  kbmemused
                         Amount of used memory in kibibytes (calculated as
                         **total installed memory** - **kbavail**).
    
                  %memused
                         Percentage of used memory.
    
                  kbbuffers
                         Amount of memory used as buffers by the kernel in
                         kibibytes.
    
                  kbcached
                         Amount of memory used to cache data by the kernel in
                         kibibytes.
    
                  kbcommit
                         Amount of memory in kibibytes needed for current
                         workload.  This is an estimate of how much RAM/swap
                         is needed to guarantee that there never is out of
                         memory.
    
                  %commit
                         Percentage of memory needed for current workload in
                         relation to the total amount of memory (RAM+swap).
                         This number may be greater than 100% because the
                         kernel usually overcommits memory.
    
                  kbactive
                         Amount of active memory in kibibytes (memory that
                         has been used more recently and usually not
                         reclaimed unless absolutely necessary).
    
                  kbinact
                         Amount of inactive memory in kibibytes (memory which
                         has been less recently used. It is more eligible to
                         be reclaimed for other purposes).
    
                  kbdirty
                         Amount of memory in kibibytes waiting to get written
                         back to the disk.
    
                  kbshmem
                         Amount of shared memory in kibibytes (memory mostly
                         used by tmpfs).
    
                  kbanonpg
                         Amount of non-file backed pages in kibibytes mapped
                         into userspace page tables.
    
                  kbslab Amount of memory in kibibytes used by the kernel to
                         cache data structures for its own use.
    
                  kbkstack
                         Amount of memory in kibibytes used for kernel stack
                         space.
    
                  kbpgtbl
                         Amount of memory in kibibytes dedicated to the
                         lowest level of page tables.
    
                  kbvmused
                         Amount of memory in kibibytes of used virtual
                         address space.
    
           **-S** Report swap space utilization statistics.  The following
                  values are displayed:
    
                  kbswpfree
                         Amount of free swap space in kibibytes.
    
                  kbswpused
                         Amount of used swap space in kibibytes.
    
                  %swpused
                         Percentage of used swap space.
    
                  kbswpcad
                         Amount of cached swap memory in kibibytes.  This is
                         memory that once was swapped out, is swapped back in
                         but still also is in the swap area (if memory is
                         needed it doesn't need to be swapped out again
                         because it is already in the swap area. This saves
                         I/O).
    
                  %swpcad
                         Percentage of cached swap memory in relation to the
                         amount of used swap space.
    
           **-s [**_hh_**:**_mm_**[:**_ss_**] ]**
           **-s [**_seconds_since_the_epoch_ **]**
                  Set the starting time of the data, causing the **sar** command
                  to extract records time-tagged at, or following, the time
                  specified. The default starting time is 08:00:00.  Hours
                  must be given in 24-hour format, or as the number of
                  seconds since the epoch (given as a 10 digit number). This
                  option can be used only when data are read from a file
                  (option **-f**).
    
           **--sadc** Indicate which data collector is called by **sar**.  If the
                  data collector is sought in **PATH** then enter "which sadc" to
                  know where it is located.
    
           **-t** When reading data from a daily data file, indicate that **sar**
                  should display the timestamps in the original local time of
                  the data file creator. Without this option, the **sar** command
                  displays the timestamps in the user's local time.
    
           **-u [ ALL ]**
                  Report CPU utilization. The **ALL** keyword indicates that all
                  the CPU fields should be displayed.  The report may show
                  the following fields:
    
                  %user  Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while
                         executing at the user level (application). Note that
                         this field includes time spent running virtual
                         processors.
    
                  %usr   Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while
                         executing at the user level (application). Note that
                         this field does NOT include time spent running
                         virtual processors.
    
                  %nice  Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while
                         executing at the user level with nice priority.
    
                  %system
                         Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while
                         executing at the system level (kernel). Note that
                         this field includes time spent servicing hardware
                         and software interrupts.
    
                  %sys   Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while
                         executing at the system level (kernel). Note that
                         this field does NOT include time spent servicing
                         hardware or software interrupts.
    
                  %iowait
                         Percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle
                         during which the system had an outstanding disk I/O
                         request.
    
                  %steal Percentage of time spent in involuntary wait by the
                         virtual CPU or CPUs while the hypervisor was
                         servicing another virtual processor.
    
                  %irq   Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to
                         service hardware interrupts.
    
                  %soft  Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to
                         service software interrupts.
    
                  %guest Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to run a
                         virtual processor.
    
                  %gnice Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to run a
                         niced guest.
    
                  %idle  Percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle
                         and the system did not have an outstanding disk I/O
                         request.
    
           **-V** Print version number then exit.
    
           **-v** Report status of inode, file and other kernel tables.  The
                  following values are displayed:
    
                  dentunusd
                         Number of unused cache entries in the directory
                         cache.
    
                  file-nr
                         Number of file handles used by the system.
    
                  inode-nr
                         Number of inode handlers used by the system.
    
                  pty-nr Number of pseudo-terminals used by the system.
    
           **-W** Report swapping statistics. The following values are
                  displayed:
    
                  pswpin/s
                         Total number of swap pages the system brought in per
                         second.
    
                  pswpout/s
                         Total number of swap pages the system brought out
                         per second.
    
           **-w** Report task creation and system switching activity.  The
                  following values are displayed:
    
                  proc/s Total number of tasks created per second.
    
                  cswch/s
                         Total number of context switches per second.
    
           **-x** Extended reports: Display minimum and maximum values in
                  addition to average ones at the end of the report.
    
           **-y** Report TTY devices activity. The following values are
                  displayed:
    
                  rcvin/s
                         Number of receive interrupts per second for current
                         serial line.  Serial line number is given in the TTY
                         column.
    
                  xmtin/s
                         Number of transmit interrupts per second for current
                         serial line.
    
                  framerr/s
                         Number of frame errors per second for current serial
                         line.
    
                  prtyerr/s
                         Number of parity errors per second for current
                         serial line.
    
                  brk/s  Number of breaks per second for current serial line.
    
                  ovrun/s
                         Number of overrun errors per second for current
                         serial line.
    
           **-z** Tell **sar** to omit output for any devices for which there was
                  no activity during the sample period.
    


## ENVIRONMENT



           The **sar** command takes into account the following environment
           variables:
    
           **S_COLORS**
                  By default statistics are displayed in color when the
                  output is connected to a terminal.  Use this variable to
                  change the settings. Possible values for this variable are
                  _never_ , _always_ or _auto_ (the latter is equivalent to the
                  default settings).
                  Please note that the color (being red, yellow, or some
                  other color) used to display a value is not indicative of
                  any kind of issue simply because of the color. It only
                  indicates different ranges of values.
    
           **S_COLORS_SGR**
                  Specify the colors and other attributes used to display
                  statistics on the terminal.  Its value is a colon-separated
                  list of capabilities that defaults to
                  **C=33;22:I=32;22:N=34;1:R=31;22:W=35;1:X=31;1:Z=34;22+=32;1:-=31;1**.
                  Supported capabilities are:
    
                  **C=** SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) substring for
                         comments inserted in the binary daily data files.
    
                  **I=** SGR substring for item names or values (eg. network
                         interfaces, CPU number...)
    
                  **N=** SGR substring for non-zero statistics values.
    
                  **R=** SGR substring for restart messages.
    
                  **W=**(or **M=**)
                         SGR substring for percentage values in the range
                         from 75% to 90% (or in the range 10% to 25%
                         depending on the metric's meaning).  It is also used
                         for negative values in the range from -10 to -5.
    
                  **X=**(or **H=**)
                         SGR substring for percentage values greater than or
                         equal to 90% (or lower than or equal to 10%
                         depending on the metric's meaning).  It is also used
                         for negative values lower than or equal to -10.
    
                  **Z=** SGR substring for zero values.
    
                  **+=** SGR substring for battery status (full or charging).
    
                  **-=** SGR substring for battery status (not charging or
                         discharging).
    
           **S_REPEAT_HEADER**
                  This variable contains the maximum number of lines after
                  which a header has to be displayed by **sar** when the output
                  is not a terminal.
    
           **S_TIME_DEF_TIME**
                  If this variable exists and its value is **UTC** then **sar** will
                  save its data in UTC time (data will still be displayed in
                  local time).  **sar** will also use UTC time instead of local
                  time to determine the current daily data file located in
                  the _/var/log/sa_ directory. This variable may be useful for
                  servers with users located across several timezones.
    
           **S_TIME_FORMAT**
                  If this variable exists and its value is **ISO** then the
                  current locale will be ignored when printing the date in
                  the report header.  The **sar** command will use the ISO 8601
                  format (YYYY-MM-DD) instead.  The timestamp will also be
                  compliant with ISO 8601 format.
    


## EXAMPLES



           **sar -u 2 5**
                  Report CPU utilization for each 2 seconds. 5 lines are
                  displayed.
    
           **sar -I --int=14 -o int14.file 2 10**
                  Report statistics on IRQ 14 for each 2 seconds. 10 lines
                  are displayed.  Data are stored in a file called
                  _int14.file_.
    
           **sar -r -n DEV -f /var/log/sa/sa16**
                  Display memory and network statistics saved in daily data
                  file _sa16_.
    
           **sar -A** Display all the statistics saved in current daily data
                  file.
    


## BUGS



           _/proc_ filesystem must be mounted for the **sar** command to work.
    
           All the statistics are not necessarily available, depending on the
           kernel version used.  **sar** assumes that you are using at least a
           2.6 kernel.
    
           Although **sar** displays units correspondind to kilobytes (kB),
           megabytes (MB)..., it actually uses kibibytes (kiB), mebibytes
           (MiB)...  A kibibyte is equal to 1024 bytes, and a mebibyte is
           equal to 1024 kibibytes.
    


## FILES



           _/var/log/sa/saDD_
           _/var/log/sa/saYYYYMMDD_
                  The standard system activity daily data files and their
                  default location.  _YYYY_ stands for the current year, _MM_ for
                  the current month and _DD_ for the current day.
    
           _/proc_ and _/sys_ contain various files with system statistics.
    


* * *