# wireshark

## NAME



           wireshark - Interactively dump and analyze network traffic
    


## SYNOPSIS



           **wireshark**[ **-i** <capture interface>|- ] [ **-f** <capture filter> ] [
           **-Y** <display filter> ] [ **-w** <outfile> ] [ **options**] [ <infile> ]
    
           **wireshark -h|--help**
    
           **wireshark -v|--version**
    


## DESCRIPTION



           **Wireshark** is a GUI network protocol analyzer. It lets you
           interactively browse packet data from a live network or from a
           previously saved capture file. **Wireshark** 's native capture file
           formats are **pcapng** format and **pcap** format; it can read and write
           both formats.. **pcap** format is also the format used by **tcpdump** and
           various other tools; **tcpdump** , when using newer versions of the
           **libpcap** library, can also read some pcapng files, and, on newer
           versions of macOS, can read all pcapng files and can write them as
           well.
    
           **Wireshark** can also read / import the following file formats:
    
           •   Oracle (previously Sun) **snoop** and **atmsnoop** captures
    
           •   Finisar (previously Shomiti) **Surveyor** captures
    
           •   Microsoft **Network Monitor** captures
    
           •   Novell **LANalyzer** captures
    
           •   AIX’s **iptrace** captures
    
           •   Cinco Networks **NetXRay** captures
    
           •   NETSCOUT (previously Network Associates/Network General)
               Windows-based **Sniffer** captures
    
           •   Network General/Network Associates DOS-based **Sniffer** captures
               (compressed or uncompressed)
    
           •   LiveAction (previously WildPackets/Savvius)
               ***Peek** /**EtherHelp** /**PacketGrabber** captures
    
           •   **RADCOM** 's WAN/LAN analyzer captures
    
           •   Viavi (previously Network Instruments) **Observer** captures
    
           •   **Lucent/Ascend** router debug output
    
           •   captures from HP-UX **nettl**
    
           •   **Toshiba’s** ISDN routers dump output
    
           •   the output from **i4btrace** from the ISDN4BSD project
    
           •   traces from the **EyeSDN** USB S0
    
           •   the **IPLog** format output from the Cisco Secure Intrusion
               Detection System
    
           •   **pppd logs**(pppdump format)
    
           •   the output from VMS’s **TCPIPtrace** /**TCPtrace** /**UCX$TRACE** utilities
    
           •   the text output from the **DBS Etherwatch** VMS utility
    
           •   Visual Networks' **Visual UpTime** traffic capture
    
           •   the output from **CoSine** L2 debug
    
           •   the output from InfoVista (previously Accellent) **5View** LAN
               agents
    
           •   Endace Measurement Systems' ERF format captures
    
           •   Linux Bluez Bluetooth stack **hcidump -w** traces
    
           •   Catapult DCT2000 .out files
    
           •   Gammu generated text output from Nokia DCT3 phones in
               Netmonitor mode
    
           •   IBM Series (OS/400) Comm traces (ASCII & UNICODE)
    
           •   Juniper Netscreen snoop files
    
           •   Symbian OS btsnoop files
    
           •   TamoSoft CommView files
    
           •   Tektronix K12xx 32bit .rf5 format files
    
           •   Tektronix K12 text file format captures
    
           •   Apple PacketLogger files
    
           •   Captures from Aethra Telecommunications' PC108 software for
               their test instruments
    
           •   Citrix NetScaler Trace files
    
           •   Android Logcat binary and text format logs
    
           •   Colasoft Capsa and PacketBuilder captures
    
           •   Micropross mplog files
    
           •   Unigraf DPA-400 DisplayPort AUX channel monitor traces
    
           •   802.15.4 traces from Daintree’s Sensor Network Analyzer
    
           •   MPEG-2 Transport Streams as defined in ISO/IEC 13818-1
    
           •   Log files from the _candump_ utility
    
           •   Logs from the BUSMASTER tool
    
           •   Ixia IxVeriWave raw captures
    
           •   Rabbit Labs CAM Inspector files
    
           •   _systemd_ journal files
    
           •   3GPP TS 32.423 trace files
    
           There is no need to tell **Wireshark** what type of file you are
           reading; it will determine the file type by itself. **Wireshark** is
           also capable of reading any of these file formats if they are
           compressed using gzip, LZ4, or Zstandard, if compiled with the
           appropriate support. **Wireshark** recognizes this directly from the
           file; the '.gz' or other extension is not required for this
           purpose.
    
           Like other protocol analyzers, **Wireshark** 's main window shows 3
           views of a packet. It shows a summary line, briefly describing
           what the packet is. A packet details display is shown, allowing
           you to drill down to exact protocol or field that you interested
           in. Finally, a hex dump shows you exactly what the packet looks
           like when it goes over the wire.
    
           In addition, **Wireshark** has some features that make it unique. It
           can assemble all the packets in a TCP conversation and show you
           the ASCII (or EBCDIC, or hex) data in that conversation. Display
           filters in **Wireshark** are very powerful; more fields are filterable
           in **Wireshark** than in other protocol analyzers, and the syntax you
           can use to create your filters is richer. As **Wireshark** progresses,
           expect more and more protocol fields to be allowed in display
           filters.
    
           Packet capturing is performed with the pcap library. The capture
           filter syntax follows the rules of the pcap library. This syntax
           is different from the display filter syntax.
    
           Compressed file support uses (and therefore requires) the zlib
           library. If the zlib library is not present, **Wireshark** will
           compile, but will be unable to read compressed files.
    
           The pathname of a capture file to be read can be specified with
           the **-r** option or can be specified as a command-line argument.
    


## OPTIONS



           **Wireshark** supports a wide variety of command line options. Most
           users will want to start it without any options and configure it
           from the application menus instead. Those users may wish to skip
           this section.
    
           -a|--autostop  <capture autostop condition>
    
               Specify a criterion that specifies when **Wireshark** is to stop
               writing to a capture file. The criterion is of the form
               _test:value_ , where _test_ is one of:
    
               **duration** :_value_ Stop writing to a capture file after _value_
               seconds have elapsed. Floating point values (e.g. 0.5) are
               allowed.
    
               **files** :_value_ Stop writing to capture files after _value_ number
               of files were written.
    
               **filesize** :_value_ Stop writing to a capture file after it reaches
               a size of _value_ kB. If this option is used together with the
               -b option, Wireshark will stop writing to the current capture
               file and switch to the next one if filesize is reached. Note
               that the filesize is limited to a maximum value of 2 TB,
               although you might have problems viewing the file in the GUI
               before then if the number of packets exceeds 231 (2147483648).
    
               **packets** :_value_ Stop writing to a capture file after it contains
               _value_ packets. Acts the same as **-c** <capture packet count>.
    
           -b|--ring-buffer  <capture ring buffer option>
    
               Cause **Wireshark** to run in "multiple files" mode. In "multiple
               files" mode, **Wireshark** will write to several capture files.
               When the first capture file fills up, **Wireshark** will switch
               writing to the next file and so on.
    
               The created filenames are based on the filename given with the
               **-w** flag, the number of the file and on the creation date and
               time, e.g. outfile_00001_20250714120117.pcap,
               outfile_00002_20250714120523.pcap, ...
    
               With the _files_ option it’s also possible to form a "ring
               buffer". This will fill up new files until the number of files
               specified, at which point **Wireshark** will discard the data in
               the first file and start writing to that file and so on. If
               the _files_ option is not set, new files filled up until one of
               the capture stop conditions match (or until the disk is full).
    
               The criterion is of the form _key:value_ , where _key_ is one of:
    
               **duration** :_value_ switch to the next file after _value_ seconds
               have elapsed, even if the current file is not completely
               filled up. Floating point values (e.g. 0.5) are allowed.
    
               **files** :_value_ begin again with the first file after _value_ number
               of files were written (form a ring buffer). This value must be
               less than 100000. Caution should be used when using large
               numbers of files: some filesystems do not handle many files in
               a single directory well. The **files** criterion requires one of
               the other criteria to be specified to control when to go to
               the next file. It should be noted that each **-b** parameter takes
               exactly one criterion; to specify two criteria, each must be
               preceded by the **-b** option.
    
               **filesize** :_value_ switch to the next file after it reaches a size
               of _value_ kB. Note that the filesize is limited to a maximum
               value of 2 TB, although you might have problems viewing the
               file in the GUI before then if the number of packets exceeds
               231 (2147483648).
    
               **interval** :_value_ switch to the next file when the time is an
               exact multiple of _value_ seconds.
    
               **packets** :_value_ switch to the next file after it contains _value_
               packets.
    
               Example: **-b filesize:1000 -b files:5** results in a ring buffer
               of five files of size one megabyte each.
    
           -B|--buffer-size  <capture buffer size>
    
               Set capture buffer size (in MiB, default is 2 MiB). This is
               used by the capture driver to buffer packet data until that
               data can be written to disk. If you encounter packet drops
               while capturing, try to increase this size. Note that, while
               **Wireshark** attempts to set the buffer size to 2 MiB by default,
               and can be told to set it to a larger value, the system or
               interface on which you’re capturing might silently limit the
               capture buffer size to a lower value or raise it to a higher
               value.
    
               This is available on UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux,
               macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later,
               and on Windows. It is not available on UNIX-compatible systems
               with earlier versions of libpcap.
    
               This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
               occurrence of the **-i** option, it sets the default capture
               buffer size. If used after an **-i** option, it sets the capture
               buffer size for the interface specified by the last **-i** option
               occurring before this option. If the capture buffer size is
               not set specifically, the default capture buffer size is used
               instead.
    
           -c  <capture packet count>
    
               Set the maximum number of packets to read when capturing live
               data. Acts the same as **-a packets:** <capture packet count>.
    
           -C  <configuration profile>
    
               Start with the given configuration profile.
    
           --capture-comment <comment>
    
               When performing a capture file from the command line, with the
               **-k** flag, add a capture comment to the output file, if
               supported by the capture format.
    
               This option may be specified multiple times. Note that
               Wireshark currently only displays the first comment of a
               capture file.
    
           -D|--list-interfaces
    
               Print a list of the interfaces on which **Wireshark** can capture,
               and exit. For each network interface, a number and an
               interface name, possibly followed by a text description of the
               interface, is printed. The interface name or the number can be
               supplied to the **-i** flag to specify an interface on which to
               capture. The number can be useful on Windows systems, where
               the interfaces have long names that usually contain a GUID.
    
           --display <X display to use>
    
               Specifies the X display to use. A hostname and screen
               (otherhost:0.0) or just a screen (:0.0) can be specified. This
               option is not available under macOS or Windows.
    
           -f  <capture filter>
    
               Set the capture filter expression.
    
               This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
               occurrence of the **-i** option, it sets the default capture
               filter expression. If used after an **-i** option, it sets the
               capture filter expression for the interface specified by the
               last **-i** option occurring before this option. If the capture
               filter expression is not set specifically, the default capture
               filter expression is used if provided.
    
               Pre-defined capture filter names, as shown in the GUI menu
               item Capture→Capture Filters, can be used by prefixing the
               argument with "predef:". Example: **-f**
               **"predef:MyPredefinedHostOnlyFilter"**
    
           -F  <file format>
               When performing a capture file from the command line, with the
               **-k** option, set the file format of the output capture file
               written using the **-w** option. In situations that require the
               **pcapng** format, such as capturing from multiple interfaces,
               this option will be overridden. The option **-F** without a value
               will list the available formats. The default is the **pcapng**
               format (unless the default has been changed in preferences.)
    
           This does not support every format to which Wireshark can convert
           a file; this is intentional for security reasons. Capture in a
           supported format and then save the file in a different format if
           so desired.
    
           --fullscreen
    
               Start Wireshark in full screen mode (kiosk mode). To exit from
               fullscreen mode, open the View menu and select the Full Screen
               option. Alternatively, press the F11 key (or Ctrl + Cmd + F
               for macOS).
    
           -g  <packet number>
               After reading in a capture file using the **-r** flag, go to the
               given _packet number_.
    
           -h|--help
               Print the version number and options and exit.
    
           -H
               Hide the capture info dialog during live packet capture.
    
           -i|--interface  <capture interface>|-
    
               Set the name of the network interface or pipe to use for live
               packet capture.
    
               Network interface names should match one of the names listed
               in "**wireshark -D** " (described above); a number, as reported by
               "**tshark -D** ", can also be used.
    
               If no interface is specified, **Wireshark** searches the list of
               interfaces, choosing the first non-loopback interface if there
               are any non-loopback interfaces, and choosing the first
               loopback interface if there are no non-loopback interfaces. If
               there are no interfaces at all, **Wireshark** reports an error and
               doesn’t start the capture.
    
               Pipe names should be either the name of a FIFO (named pipe) or
               "-" to read data from the standard input. On Windows systems,
               pipe names must be of the form "\\.\pipe\**pipename** ". Data read
               from pipes must be in standard pcapng or pcap format. Pcapng
               data must have the same endianness as the capturing host.
    
               "TCP@<host>:<port>" causes **Wireshark** to attempt to connect to
               the specified port on the specified host and read pcapng or
               pcap data.
    
               This option can occur multiple times. When capturing from
               multiple interfaces, the capture file will be saved in pcapng
               format.
    
           -I|--monitor-mode
    
               Put the interface in "monitor mode"; this is supported only on
               IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi interfaces, and supported only on some
               operating systems.
    
               Note that in monitor mode the adapter might disassociate from
               the network with which it’s associated, so that you will not
               be able to use any wireless networks with that adapter. This
               could prevent accessing files on a network server, or
               resolving host names or network addresses, if you are
               capturing in monitor mode and are not connected to another
               network with another adapter.
    
               This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
               occurrence of the **-i** option, it enables the monitor mode for
               all interfaces. If used after an **-i** option, it enables the
               monitor mode for the interface specified by the last **-i** option
               occurring before this option.
    
           -j
               Use after **-J** to change the behavior when no exact match is
               found for the filter. With this option select the first packet
               before.
    
           -J  <jump filter>
    
               After reading in a capture file using the **-r** flag, jump to the
               packet matching the filter (display filter syntax). If no
               exact match is found the first packet after that is selected.
    
           -k
    
               Start the capture session immediately. If the **-i** flag was
               specified, the capture uses the specified interface.
               Otherwise, **Wireshark** searches the list of interfaces, choosing
               the first non-loopback interface if there are any non-loopback
               interfaces, and choosing the first loopback interface if there
               are no non-loopback interfaces; if there are no interfaces,
               **Wireshark** reports an error and doesn’t start the capture.
    
           -l
               Turn on automatic scrolling if the packet display is being
               updated automatically as packets arrive during a capture (as
               specified by the **-S** flag).
    
           -L|--list-data-link-types
               List the data link types supported by the interface and exit.
    
           --list-time-stamp-types
               List time stamp types supported for the interface. If no time
               stamp type can be set, no time stamp types are listed.
    
           -o  <preference/recent setting>
    
               Set a preference or recent value, overriding the default value
               and any value read from a preference/recent file. The argument
               to the flag is a string of the form _prefname:value_ , where
               _prefname_ is the name of the preference/recent value (which is
               the same name that would appear in the preference/recent
               file), and _value_ is the value to which it should be set. Since
               **Ethereal** 0.10.12, the recent settings replaces the formerly
               used -B, -P and -T flags to manipulate the GUI dimensions.
    
               If _prefname_ is "uat", you can override settings in various
               user access tables using the form "uat:_uat filename_ :_uat_
               _record_ ". _uat filename_ must be the name of a UAT file, e.g.
               _user_dlts_. _uat_record_ must be in the form of a valid record
               for that file, including quotes. For instance, to specify a
               user DLT from the command line, you would use
    
                   -o "uat:user_dlts:\"User 0 (DLT=147)\",\"cops\",\"0\",\"\",\"0\",\"\""
    
           -p|--no-promiscuous-mode
    
               _Don’t_ put the interface into promiscuous mode. Note that the
               interface might be in promiscuous mode for some other reason;
               hence, **-p** cannot be used to ensure that the only traffic that
               is captured is traffic sent to or from the machine on which
               **Wireshark** is running, broadcast traffic, and multicast traffic
               to addresses received by that machine.
    
               This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
               occurrence of the **-i** option, no interface will be put into the
               promiscuous mode. If used after an **-i** option, the interface
               specified by the last **-i** option occurring before this option
               will not be put into the promiscuous mode.
    
           -P <path setting>
    
               Special path settings usually detected automatically. This is
               used for special cases, e.g. starting Wireshark from a known
               location on an USB stick.
    
               The criterion is of the form _key:path_ , where _key_ is one of:
    
               **persconf** :_path_ path of personal configuration files, like the
               preferences files.
    
               **persdata** :_path_ path of personal data files, it’s the folder
               initially opened. After the very first initialization, the
               recent file will keep the folder last used.
    
           -r|--read-file  <infile>
    
               Read packet data from _infile_ , can be any supported capture
               file format (including compressed files). It’s not possible to
               use named pipes or stdin here, unlike **TShark**! To capture from
               a pipe or from stdin use **-i -**.
    
           -R|--read-filter  <read (display) filter>
    
               When reading a capture file specified with the **-r** flag, causes
               the specified filter (which uses the syntax of display
               filters, rather than that of capture filters) to be applied to
               all packets read from the capture file; packets not matching
               the filter are discarded.
    
           -s|--snapshot-length  <capture snaplen>
    
               Set the default snapshot length to use when capturing live
               data. No more than _snaplen_ bytes of each network packet will
               be read into memory, or saved to disk. A value of 0 specifies
               a snapshot length of 262144, so that the full packet is
               captured; this is the default.
    
               This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
               occurrence of the **-i** option, it sets the default snapshot
               length. If used after an **-i** option, it sets the snapshot
               length for the interface specified by the last **-i** option
               occurring before this option. If the snapshot length is not
               set specifically, the default snapshot length is used if
               provided.
    
           -S
               Automatically update the packet display as packets are coming
               in.
    
           --temp-dir <directory>
    
               Specifies the directory into which temporary files (including
               capture files) are to be written. The default behavior on
               UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris,
               and AIX, is to use the environment variable _$TMPDIR_ if set,
               and the system default, typically _/tmp_ , if it is not. On
               Windows, the _%TEMP%_ environment variable is used, which
               typically defaults to _%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp_.
    
           --time-stamp-type <type>
               Change the interface’s timestamp method. See
               --list-time-stamp-types.
    
           --update-interval  <interval>
               Set the length of time in milliseconds between new packet
               reports during a capture. Also sets the granularity of file
               duration conditions. The default value is 100ms.
    
           -v|--version
               Print the full version information and exit.
    
           -w  <outfile>
               Set the default capture file name, or '-' for standard output.
    
           -X <eXtension options>
    
               Specify an option to be passed to an **Wireshark** module. The
               eXtension option is in the form _extension_key:value_ , where
               _extension_key_ can be:
    
               **lua_script** :_lua_script_filename_ tells **Wireshark** to load the
               given script in addition to the default Lua scripts.
    
               **lua_script** _num_ :_argument_ tells **Wireshark** to pass the given
               argument to the lua script identified by 'num', which is the
               number indexed order of the 'lua_script' command. For example,
               if only one script was loaded with '-X lua_script:my.lua',
               then '-X lua_script1:foo' will pass the string 'foo' to the
               'my.lua' script. If two scripts were loaded, such as '-X
               lua_script:my.lua' and '-X lua_script:other.lua' in that
               order, then a '-X lua_script2:bar' would pass the string 'bar'
               to the second lua script, namely 'other.lua'.
    
               **read_format** :_file_format_ tells **Wireshark** to use the given file
               format to read in the file (the file given in the **-r** command
               option).
    
               **stdin_descr** :_description_ tells **Wireshark** to use the given
               description when capturing from standard input (**-i -**).
    
           -y|--linktype  <capture link type>
    
               If a capture is started from the command line with **-k** , set the
               data link type to use while capturing packets. The values
               reported by **-L** are the values that can be used.
    
               This option can occur multiple times. If used before the first
               occurrence of the **-i** option, it sets the default capture link
               type. If used after an **-i** option, it sets the capture link
               type for the interface specified by the last **-i** option
               occurring before this option. If the capture link type is not
               set specifically, the default capture link type is used if
               provided.
    
           -Y|--display-filter  <displaY filter>
               Start with the given display filter.
    
           -z  <statistics>
    
               Get **Wireshark** to collect various types of statistics and
               display the result in a window that updates in semi-real time.
    
               Some of the currently implemented statistics are:
    
           **-z help**
               Display all possible values for **-z**.
    
           **-z** afp,srt[,_filter_]
    
               Show Apple Filing Protocol service response time statistics.
    
           **-z** conv,_type_[,_filter_]
    
               Create a table that lists all conversations that could be seen
               in the capture. _type_ specifies the conversation endpoint types
               for which we want to generate the statistics; currently the
               supported ones are:
    
                   "eth"   Ethernet addresses
                   "fc"    Fibre Channel addresses
                   "fddi"  FDDI addresses
                   "ip"    IPv4 addresses
                   "ipv6"  IPv6 addresses
                   "ipx"   IPX addresses
                   "tcp"   TCP/IP socket pairs   Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
                   "tr"    Token Ring addresses
                   "udp"   UDP/IP socket pairs   Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
    
               If the optional _filter_ is specified, only those packets that
               match the filter will be used in the calculations.
    
               The table is presented with one line for each conversation and
               displays the number of packets/bytes in each direction as well
               as the total number of packets/bytes. By default, the table is
               sorted according to the total number of packets.
    
               These tables can also be generated at runtime by selecting the
               appropriate conversation type from the menu
               "Tools/Statistics/Conversation List/".
    
           **-z** dcerpc,srt,_name-or-uuid_ ,_major_._minor_[,_filter_]
    
               Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for DCERPC
               interface _name_ or _uuid_ , version _major_._minor_. Data collected is
               the number of calls for each procedure, MinSRT, MaxSRT and
               AvgSRT. Interface _name_ and _uuid_ are case-insensitive.
    
               Example: **-z**
               **dcerpc,srt,12345778-1234-abcd-ef00-0123456789ac,1.0** will
               collect data for the CIFS SAMR Interface.
    
               This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
    
               If the optional _filter_  is provided, the stats will only be
               calculated on those calls that match that filter.
    
               Example: **-z**
               **dcerpc,srt,12345778-1234-abcd-ef00-0123456789ac,1.0,ip.addr==1.2.3.4**
               will collect SAMR SRT statistics for a specific host.
    
           **-z** dhcp,stat[,_filter_]
               Show DHCP (BOOTP) statistics.
    
           **-z** expert
               Show expert information.
    
           **-z** fc,srt[,_filter_]
    
               Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for FC.
               Data collected is the number of calls for each Fibre Channel
               command, MinSRT, MaxSRT and AvgSRT.
    
               Example: **-z fc,srt** will calculate the Service Response Time as
               the time delta between the First packet of the exchange and
               the Last packet of the exchange.
    
               The data will be presented as separate tables for all normal
               FC commands, Only those commands that are seen in the capture
               will have its stats displayed.
    
               This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
    
               If the optional _filter_ is provided, the stats will only be
               calculated on those calls that match that filter.
    
               Example: **-z "fc,srt,fc.id==01.02.03"** will collect stats only
               for FC packets exchanged by the host at FC address 01.02.03 .
    
           **-z** h225,counter[_,filter_]
    
               Count ITU-T H.225 messages and their reasons. In the first
               column you get a list of H.225 messages and H.225 message
               reasons which occur in the current capture file. The number of
               occurrences of each message or reason is displayed in the
               second column.
    
               Example: **-z h225,counter**
    
               This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
    
               If the optional _filter_ is provided, the stats will only be
               calculated on those calls that match that filter.
    
               Example: **-z "h225,counter,ip.addr==1.2.3.4"** will collect stats
               only for H.225 packets exchanged by the host at IP address
               1.2.3.4 .
    
           **-z** h225,srt[_,filter_]
    
               Collect request/response SRT (Service Response Time) data for
               ITU-T H.225 RAS. Data collected is the number of calls of each
               ITU-T H.225 RAS Message Type, Minimum SRT, Maximum SRT,
               Average SRT, Minimum in Packet, and Maximum in Packet. You
               will also get the number of Open Requests (Unresponded
               Requests), Discarded Responses (Responses without matching
               request) and Duplicate Messages.
    
               Example: **-z h225,srt**
    
               This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
    
               If the optional _filter_ is provided, the stats will only be
               calculated on those calls that match that filter.
    
               Example: **-z "h225,srt,ip.addr==1.2.3.4"** will collect stats
               only for ITU-T H.225 RAS packets exchanged by the host at IP
               address 1.2.3.4 .
    
           **-z** io,stat
    
               Collect packet/bytes statistics for the capture in intervals
               of 1 second. This option will open a window with up to 5
               color-coded graphs where number-of-packets-per-second or
               number-of-bytes-per-second statistics can be calculated and
               displayed.
    
               This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
    
               This graph window can also be opened from the
               Analyze:Statistics:Traffic:IO-Stat menu item.
    
           **-z** ldap,srt[,_filter_]
    
               Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for LDAP.
               Data collected is the number of calls for each implemented
               LDAP command, MinSRT, MaxSRT and AvgSRT.
    
               Example: **-z ldap,srt** will calculate the Service Response Time
               as the time delta between the Request and the Response.
    
               The data will be presented as separate tables for all
               implemented LDAP commands, Only those commands that are seen
               in the capture will have its stats displayed.
    
               This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
    
               If the optional _filter_ is provided, the stats will only be
               calculated on those calls that match that filter.
    
               Example: use **-z "ldap,srt,ip.addr==10.1.1.1"** will collect
               stats only for LDAP packets exchanged by the host at IP
               address 10.1.1.1 .
    
               The only LDAP commands that are currently implemented and for
               which the stats will be available are: BIND SEARCH MODIFY ADD
               DELETE MODRDN COMPARE EXTENDED
    
           **-z** megaco,srt[_,filter_]
    
               Collect request/response SRT (Service Response Time) data for
               MEGACO. (This is similar to **-z smb,srt**). Data collected is the
               number of calls for each known MEGACO Command, Minimum SRT,
               Maximum SRT and Average SRT.
    
               Example: **-z megaco,srt**
    
               This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
    
               If the optional _filter_ is provided, the stats will only be
               calculated on those calls that match that filter.
    
               Example: **-z "megaco,srt,ip.addr==1.2.3.4"** will collect stats
               only for MEGACO packets exchanged by the host at IP address
               1.2.3.4 .
    
           **-z** mgcp,srt[_,filter_]
    
               Collect request/response SRT (Service Response Time) data for
               MGCP. (This is similar to **-z smb,srt**). Data collected is the
               number of calls for each known MGCP Type, Minimum SRT, Maximum
               SRT and Average SRT.
    
               Example: **-z mgcp,srt**
    
               This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
    
               If the optional _filter_ is provided, the stats will only be
               calculated on those calls that match that filter.
    
               Example: **-z "mgcp,srt,ip.addr==1.2.3.4"** will collect stats
               only for MGCP packets exchanged by the host at IP address
               1.2.3.4 .
    
           **-z** mtp3,msus[,<filter>]
               Show MTP3 MSU statistics.
    
           **-z** multicast,stat[,<filter>]
               Show UDP multicast stream statistics.
    
           **-z** rpc,programs
    
               Collect call/reply SRT data for all known ONC-RPC
               programs/versions. Data collected is the number of calls for
               each protocol/version, MinSRT, MaxSRT and AvgSRT.
    
           **-z** rpc,srt,_name-or-number_ ,_version_[,<filter>]
    
               Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for
               program _name_ /_version_ or _number_ /_version_. Data collected is the
               number of calls for each procedure, MinSRT, MaxSRT and AvgSRT.
               Program _name_ is case-insensitive.
    
               Example: **-z rpc,srt,100003,3** will collect data for NFS v3.
    
               This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
    
               If the optional _filter_ is provided, the stats will only be
               calculated on those calls that match that filter.
    
               Example: **-z rpc,srt,nfs,3,nfs.fh.hash==0x12345678** will collect
               NFS v3 SRT statistics for a specific file.
    
           **-z** scsi,srt,_cmdset_[,<filter>]
    
               Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for SCSI
               commandset <cmdset>.
    
               Commandsets are 0:SBC   1:SSC  5:MMC
    
               Data collected is the number of calls for each procedure,
               MinSRT, MaxSRT and AvgSRT.
    
               Example: **-z scsi,srt,0** will collect data for SCSI BLOCK
               COMMANDS (SBC).
    
               This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
    
               If the optional _filter_ is provided, the stats will only be
               calculated on those calls that match that filter.
    
               Example: **-z scsi,srt,0,ip.addr==1.2.3.4** will collect SCSI SBC
               SRT statistics for a specific iscsi/ifcp/fcip host.
    
           **-z** sip,stat[_,filter_]
    
               This option will activate a counter for SIP messages. You will
               get the number of occurrences of each SIP Method and of each
               SIP Status-Code. Additionally you also get the number of
               resent SIP Messages (only for SIP over UDP).
    
               Example: **-z sip,stat**
    
               This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
    
               If the optional _filter_ is provided, the stats will only be
               calculated on those calls that match that filter.
    
               Example: **-z "sip,stat,ip.addr==1.2.3.4"** will collect stats
               only for SIP packets exchanged by the host at IP address
               1.2.3.4 .
    
           **-z** smb,srt[,_filter_]
    
               Collect call/reply SRT (Service Response Time) data for SMB.
               Data collected is the number of calls for each SMB command,
               MinSRT, MaxSRT and AvgSRT.
    
               Example: **-z smb,srt**
    
               The data will be presented as separate tables for all normal
               SMB commands, all Transaction2 commands and all NT Transaction
               commands. Only those commands that are seen in the capture
               will have their stats displayed. Only the first command in a
               xAndX command chain will be used in the calculation. So for
               common SessionSetupAndX + TreeConnectAndX chains, only the
               SessionSetupAndX call will be used in the statistics. This is
               a flaw that might be fixed in the future.
    
               This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
    
               If the optional _filter_ is provided, the stats will only be
               calculated on those calls that match that filter.
    
               Example: **-z "smb,srt,ip.addr==1.2.3.4"** will collect stats only
               for SMB packets exchanged by the host at IP address 1.2.3.4 .
    
           **-z** voip,calls
    
               This option will show a window that shows VoIP calls found in
               the capture file. This is the same window shown as when you go
               to the Statistics Menu and choose VoIP Calls.
    
               Example: **-z voip,calls**
    
           **-z** wlan,stat[,<filter>]
               Show IEEE 802.11 network and station statistics.
    
           **-z** wsp,stat[,<filter>]
               Show WSP packet counters.
    


## DISSECTION OPTIONS



           -d  <layer type>==<selector>,<decode-as protocol>
    
               Like Wireshark’s **Decode As...** feature, this lets you specify
               how a layer type should be dissected. If the layer type in
               question (for example, **tcp.port** or **udp.port** for a TCP or UDP
               port number) has the specified selector value, packets should
               be dissected as the specified protocol.
    
               **Example 1. Decode As Port**
    
                   **-d tcp.port==8888,http** will decode any traffic running
                   over TCP port 8888 as HTTP.
    
               See the tshark(1) manual page for more examples.
    
           --disable-all-protocols
               Disable dissection of all protocols.
    
           --disable-protocol <proto_name>[,<proto_name>,...]
               Disable dissection of proto_name. Use a proto_name of **ALL** to
               override your chosen profile’s default enabled protocol list
               and temporarily disable all protocols.
    
           --disable-heuristic <short_name>
               Disable dissection of heuristic protocol.
    
           --enable-protocol <proto_name>[,<proto_name>,...]
    
               Enable dissection of proto_name. Use a proto_name of **ALL** to
               override your chosen profile’s default disabled protocol list
               and temporarily enable all protocols which are enabled by
               default.
    
               If a protocol is implicated in both **--disable-protocol** and
               **--enable-protocol** , the protocol is enabled. This allows you to
               temporarily disable all protocols but a list of exceptions.
               Example: **--disable-protocol ALL --enable-protocol eth,ip**
    
           --enable-heuristic <short_name>
               Enable dissection of heuristic protocol.
    
           -K  <keytab>
    
               Load kerberos crypto keys from the specified keytab file. This
               option can be used multiple times to load keys from several
               files.
    
               Example: **-K krb5.keytab**
    
           -n
               Disable network object name resolution (such as hostname, TCP
               and UDP port names); the **-N** option might override this one.
    
           -N  <name resolving flags>
    
               Turn on name resolving only for particular types of addresses
               and port numbers, with name resolving for other types of
               addresses and port numbers turned off. This option (along with
               **-n**) can be specified multiple times; the last value given
               overrides earlier ones. This option and **-n** override the
               options from the preferences, including preferences set via
               the **-o** option. If both **-N** and **-n** options are not present, the
               values from the preferences are used, which default to **-N dmN**.
    
               The argument is a string that may contain the letters:
    
               **d** to enable resolution from captured DNS packets
    
               **g** to enable IP address geolocation information lookup from
               configured MaxMind databases
    
               **m** to enable MAC address resolution
    
               **n** to enable network address resolution
    
               **N** to enable using external resolvers (e.g., DNS) for network
               address resolution; no effect without **n** also enabled.
    
               **s** to enable address resolution using SNI information found in
               captured handshake packets
    
               **t** to enable transport-layer port number resolution
    
               **v** to enable VLAN IDs to names resolution
    
           --only-protocols <protocols>
               Only enable dissection of these protocols, comma separated.
               Disable everything else.
    
           -t  (a|ad|adoy|d|dd|e|r|u|ud|udoy)[.[N]]|.[N]
    
               Set the format of the packet timestamp displayed in the
               default time column. The format can be one of:
    
               **a** absolute: The absolute time, as local time in your time
               zone, is the actual time the packet was captured, with no date
               displayed
    
               **ad** absolute with date: The absolute date, displayed as
               YYYY-MM-DD, and time, as local time in your time zone, is the
               actual time and date the packet was captured
    
               **adoy** absolute with date using day of year: The absolute date,
               displayed as YYYY/DOY, and time, as local time in your time
               zone, is the actual time and date the packet was captured
    
               **d** delta: The delta time is the time since the previous packet
               was captured
    
               **dd** delta_displayed: The delta_displayed time is the time since
               the previous displayed packet was captured
    
               **e** epoch: The time in seconds since epoch (Jan 1, 1970
               00:00:00)
    
               **r** relative: The relative time is the time elapsed between the
               first packet and the current packet
    
               **u** UTC: The absolute time, as UTC with a "Z" suffix, is the
               actual time the packet was captured, with no date displayed
    
               **ud** UTC with date: The absolute date, displayed as YYYY-MM-DD,
               and time, as UTC with a "Z" suffix, is the actual time and
               date the packet was captured
    
               **udoy** UTC with date using day of year: The absolute date,
               displayed as YYYY/DOY, and time, as UTC with a "Z" suffix, is
               the actual time and date the packet was captured
    
               **.[N]** Set the precision: N is the number of decimals (0 through
               9). If using "." without N, automatically determine precision
               from trace.
    
               The default format is relative with precision based on capture
               format.
    
           -u <s|hms>
    
               Specifies how packet timestamp formats in **-t** which are
               relative times (i.e. relative, delta, and delta_displayed) are
               displayed. Valid choices are:
    
               **s** for seconds
    
               **hms** for hours, minutes, and seconds
    
               The default format is seconds.
    


## DIAGNOSTIC OPTIONS



           --log-level <level>
               Set the active log level. Supported levels in lowest to
               highest order are "noisy", "debug", "info", "message",
               "warning", "critical", and "error". Messages at each level and
               higher will be printed, for example "warning" prints
               "warning", "critical", and "error" messages and "noisy" prints
               all messages. Levels are case insensitive.
    
           --log-fatal <level>
               Abort the program if any messages are logged at the specified
               level or higher. For example, "warning" aborts on any
               "warning", "critical", or "error" messages.
    
           --log-domains <list>
               Only print messages for the specified log domains, e.g.
               "GUI,Epan,sshdump". List of domains must be comma-separated.
               Can be negated with "!" as the first character (inverts the
               match).
    
           --log-debug <list>
               Force the specified domains to log at the "debug" level. List
               of domains must be comma-separated. Can be negated with "!" as
               the first character (inverts the match).
    
           --log-noisy <list>
               Force the specified domains to log at the "noisy" level. List
               of domains must be comma-separated. Can be negated with "!" as
               the first character (inverts the match).
    
           --log-fatal-domains <list>
               Abort the program if any messages are logged for the specified
               log domains. List of domains must be comma-separated.
    
           --log-file <path>
               Write log messages and stderr output to the specified file.
    


## INTERFACE



           The Wireshark User’s Guide
           <https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/> contains a
           description of the user interface. It also may be installed
           locally along with Wireshark. Pressing the F1 key will attempt to
           open the guide locally if present, falling back to the online
           guide if not.
    


## CAPTURE FILTER SYNTAX



           See the manual page of pcap-filter(7) or, if that doesn’t exist,
           tcpdump(8), or, if that doesn’t exist,
           https://wiki.wireshark.org/CaptureFilters.
    


## DISPLAY FILTER SYNTAX



           For a complete table of protocol and protocol fields that are
           filterable in **Wireshark** see the wireshark-filter(4) manual page.
    


## FILES



           These files contain various **Wireshark** configuration settings.
    
           Preferences
    
               The _preferences_ files contain global (system-wide) and
               personal preference settings. If the system-wide preference
               file exists, it is read first, overriding the default
               settings. If the personal preferences file exists, it is read
               next, overriding any previous values. Note: If the command
               line flag **-o** is used (possibly more than once), it will in
               turn override values from the preferences files.
    
               The preferences settings are in the form _prefname:value_ , one
               per line, where _prefname_ is the name of the preference and
               _value_ is the value to which it should be set; white space is
               allowed between **:** and _value_. A preference setting can be
               continued on subsequent lines by indenting the continuation
               lines with white space. A **#** character starts a comment that
               runs to the end of the line:
    
                   # Vertical scrollbars should be on right side?
                   # TRUE or FALSE (case-insensitive).
                   gui.scrollbar_on_right: TRUE
    
               The global preferences file is looked for in the _wireshark_
               directory under the _share_ subdirectory of the main
               installation directory. On macOS, this would typically be
               _/Application/Wireshark.app/Contents/Resources/share_ ; on other
               UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, \*BSD, Solaris, and
               AIX, this would typically be _/usr/share/wireshark/preferences_
               for system-installed packages and
               _/usr/local/share/wireshark/preferences_ for locally-installed
               packages; on Windows, this would typically be _C:\Program_
               _Files\Wireshark\preferences_.
    
               On UNIX-compatible systems, the personal preferences file is
               looked for in _$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark/preferences_ , (or, if
               _$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark_ does not exist while
               _$HOME/.wireshark_ does exist, _$HOME/.wireshark/preferences_);
               this is typically _$HOME/.config/wireshark/preferences_. On
               Windows, the personal preferences file is looked for in
               _%APPDATA%\Wireshark\preferences_ (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t
               defined, _%USERPROFILE%\Application_
               _Data\Wireshark\preferences_).
    
               Note: Whenever the preferences are saved by using the _Save_
               button in the _Edit:Preferences_ dialog box, your personal
               preferences file will be overwritten with the new settings,
               destroying any comments and unknown/obsolete settings that
               were in the file.
    
           Recent
    
               The _recent_ file contains personal settings (mostly GUI
               related) such as the current **Wireshark** window size. The file
               is saved at program exit and read in at program start
               automatically. Note: The command line flag **-o** may be used to
               override settings from this file.
    
               The settings in this file have the same format as in the
               _preferences_ files, and the same directory as for the personal
               preferences file is used.
    
               Note: Whenever Wireshark is closed, your recent file will be
               overwritten with the new settings, destroying any comments and
               unknown/obsolete settings that were in the file.
    
           Disabled (Enabled) Protocols
    
               The _disabled_protos_ files contain system-wide and personal
               lists of protocols that have been disabled, so that their
               dissectors are never called. The files contain protocol names,
               one per line, where the protocol name is the same name that
               would be used in a display filter for the protocol:
    
                   http
                   tcp     # a comment
    
               If a protocol is listed in the global _disabled_protos_ file it
               cannot be enabled by the user. Thus it is not displayed in the
               _Analyze::Enabled Protocols_ dialog box.
    
               The global _disabled_protos_ file uses the same directory as the
               global preferences file.
    
               The personal _disabled_protos_ file uses the same directory as
               the personal preferences file.
    
               The _disabled_protos_ files list only protocols that are enabled
               by default but have been disabled; protocols that are disabled
               by default (such as some postdissectors) are not listed. There
               are analogous _enabled_protos_ files for protocols that are
               disabled by default but have been enabled.
    
               Note: Whenever the disabled protocols list is saved by using
               the _Save_ button in the _Analyze:Enabled Protocols_ dialog box,
               your personal disabled protocols file will be overwritten with
               the new settings, destroying any comments that were in the
               file.
    
           Heuristic Dissectors
    
               The _heuristic_protos_ files contain system-wide and personal
               lists of heuristic dissectors and indicate whether they are
               enabled or disabled. The files contain heuristic dissector
               unique short names, one per line, followed by a comma and 0
               for disabled and 1 for enabled:
    
                   quic,1
                   rtcp_stun,1
                   rtcp_udp,1
                   rtp_stun,0
                   rtp_udp,0
                   tls_tcp,1
    
               The global _heuristic_protos_ file uses the same directory as
               the global preferences file.
    
               The personal _heuristic_protos_ file uses the same directory as
               the personal preferences file.
    
           Name Resolution (hosts)
    
               Entries in _hosts_ files in the global and personal preferences
               directory are used to resolve IPv4 and IPv6 addresses before
               any other attempts are made to resolve them. The file has the
               standard _hosts_ file syntax; each line contains one IP address
               and name, separated by whitespace. The personal _hosts_ file, if
               present, overrides the one in the global directory.
    
               Capture filter name resolution is handled by libpcap on
               UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris,
               and AIX, and Npcap on Windows. As such the Wireshark personal
               _hosts_ file will not be consulted for capture filter name
               resolution.
    
           Name Resolution (subnets)
    
               If an IPv4 address cannot be translated via name resolution
               (no exact match is found) then a partial match is attempted
               via the _subnets_ file. Both the global _subnets_ file and
               personal _subnets_ files are used if they exist.
    
               Each line of this file consists of an IPv4 address, a subnet
               mask length separated only by a / and a name separated by
               whitespace. While the address must be a full IPv4 address, any
               values beyond the mask length are subsequently ignored.
    
               An example is:
    
               # Comments must be prepended by the # sign! 192.168.0.0/24
               ws_test_network
    
               A partially matched name will be printed as
               "subnet-name.remaining-address". For example, "192.168.0.1"
               under the subnet above would be printed as
               "ws_test_network.1"; if the mask length above had been 16
               rather than 24, the printed address would be
               "ws_test_network.0.1".
    
           Name Resolution (ethers)
    
               The _ethers_ files are consulted to correlate 6-byte EUI-48 and
               8-byte EUI-64 hardware addresses to names. First the personal
               _ethers_ file is tried and if an address is not found there the
               global _ethers_ file is tried next.
    
               The file has a similar format to that defined by ethers(5) on
               some UNIX-like systems. Each line contains one hardware
               address and name, separated by whitespace (tabs or spaces).
               The hexadecimal digits of the hardware address are separated
               by colons (:), dashes (-) or periods (.). The same separator
               character must be used consistently in an address. A #
               indicates a comment that extends to the rest of the line. Both
               6-byte MAC and 8-byte EUI-64 addresses are supported. The
               following four lines are valid lines of an _ethers_ file:
    
                   ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff          Broadcast
                   c0-00-ff-ff-ff-ff          TR_broadcast
                   00.00.00.00.00.00          Zero_broadcast
                   00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00    EUI64_zero_broadcast
    
               Note that this accepts a greater variety of formats than the
               file defined by ethers(5) on most UN*X systems.
    
               The global _ethers_ file is looked for in the _/etc_ directory on
               UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris,
               and AIX, and in the main installation directory (for example,
               _C:\Program Files\Wireshark_) on Windows systems.
    
               The personal _ethers_ file is looked for in the same directory
               as the personal preferences file.
    
               Capture filter name resolution is handled by libpcap on
               UNIX-compatible systems and Npcap on Windows. As such the
               Wireshark personal _ethers_ file will not be consulted for
               capture filter name resolution.
    
           Name Resolution (manuf)
    
               The _manuf_ file is used to match the 3-byte vendor portion of a
               6-byte hardware address with the manufacturer’s name; it can
               also contain well-known MAC addresses and address ranges
               specified with a netmask. The format of the file is similar
               the _ethers_ files, except that entries such as:
    
                   00:00:0C      Cisco     Cisco Systems, Inc
    
               can be provided, with the 3-byte OUI and both an abbreviated
               and long name for a vendor, and entries such as:
    
                   00-00-0C-07-AC/40     All-HSRP-routers
    
               can be specified, with a MAC address and a mask indicating how
               many bits of the address must match. The above entry, for
               example, has 40 significant bits, or 5 bytes, and would match
               addresses from 00-00-0C-07-AC-00 through 00-00-0C-07-AC-FF.
               The mask need not be a multiple of 8.
    
               A global _manuf_ file is looked for in the same directory as the
               global preferences file, and a personal _manuf_ file is looked
               for in the same directory as the personal preferences file.
    
               In earlier versions of Wireshark, official information from
               the IEEE Registration Authority was distributed in this format
               as the global _manuf_ file. This information is now compiled in
               to speed program startup, but the internal information can be
               written out in this format with **tshark -G manuf**.
    
               In addition to the _manuf_ file, another file with the same
               format, _wka_ , is looked for in the global directory. This file
               is distributed with Wireshark, and contains data about
               well-known MAC adddresses and address ranges assembled from
               various non IEEE but respected sources.
    
           Name Resolution (services)
    
               The _services_ file is used to translate port numbers into
               names. Both the global _services_ file and personal _services_
               files are used if they exist.
    
               The file has the standard _services_ file syntax; each line
               contains one (service) name and one transport identifier
               separated by white space. The transport identifier includes
               one port number and one transport protocol name (typically
               tcp, udp, or sctp) separated by a /.
    
               An example is:
    
               mydns       5045/udp     # My own Domain Name Server mydns
               5045/tcp     # My own Domain Name Server
    
               In earlier versions of Wireshark, official information from
               the IANA Registry was distributed in this format as the global
               _services_ file. This information is now compiled in to speed
               program startup, but the internal information can be written
               out in this format with **tshark -G services**.
    
           Name Resolution (ipxnets)
    
               The _ipxnets_ files are used to correlate 4-byte IPX network
               numbers to names. First the global _ipxnets_ file is tried and
               if that address is not found there the personal one is tried
               next.
    
               The format is the same as the _ethers_ file, except that each
               address is four bytes instead of six. Additionally, the
               address can be represented as a single hexadecimal number, as
               is more common in the IPX world, rather than four hex octets.
               For example, these four lines are valid lines of an _ipxnets_
               file:
    
                   C0.A8.2C.00              HR
                   c0-a8-1c-00              CEO
                   00:00:BE:EF              IT_Server1
                   110f                     FileServer3
    
               The global _ipxnets_ file is looked for in the _/etc_ directory on
               UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris,
               and AIX, and in the main installation directory (for example,
               _C:\Program Files\Wireshark_) on Windows systems.
    
               The personal _ipxnets_ file is looked for in the same directory
               as the personal preferences file.
    
           Name Resolution (ss7pcs)
    
               The _ss7pcs_ file is used to translate SS7 point codes to names.
               It is read from the personal configuration directory.
    
               Each line in this file consists of one network indicator
               followed by a dash followed by a point code in decimal and a
               node name separated by whitespace. An example is:
    
                   2-1234 MyPointCode1
    
           Name Resolution (vlans)
    
               The _vlans_ file is used to translate VLAN tag IDs into names.
               It is read from the personal configuration directory.
    
               Each line in this file consists of one VLAN tag ID separated
               by whitespace from a name. An example is:
    
                   123    Server-Lan
                   2049   HR-Client-LAN
    
           Capture Filters
    
               The _cfilters_ files contain system-wide and personal capture
               filters. Each line contains one filter, starting with the
               string displayed in the dialog box in quotation marks,
               followed by the filter string itself:
    
                   "HTTP" port 80
                   "DCERPC" port 135
    
               The global _cfilters_ file uses the same directory as the global
               preferences file.
    
               The personal _cfilters_ file uses the same directory as the
               personal preferences file. It is written through the
               Capture:Capture Filters dialog.
    
               If the global _cfilters_ file exists, it is used only if the
               personal _cfilters_ file does not exist; global and personal
               capture filters are not merged.
    
           Display Filters
    
               The _dfilters_ files contain system-wide and personal display
               filters. Each line contains one filter, starting with the
               string displayed in the dialog box in quotation marks,
               followed by the filter string itself:
    
                   "HTTP" http
                   "DCERPC" dcerpc
    
               The global _dfilters_ file uses the same directory as the global
               preferences file.
    
               The personal _dfilters_ file uses the same directory as the
               personal preferences file. It is written through the
               Analyze:Display Filters dialog.
    
               If the global _dfilters_ file exists, it is used only if the
               personal _dfilters_ file does not exist; global and personal
               display filters are not merged.
    
           Display Filter Macros
    
               The _dmacros_ files contain system-wide and personal display
               filter macros. Each line contains one filter, starting with
               the string displayed in the dialog box in quotation marks,
               followed by the macro expression itself:
    
                   "private_ipv6" ipv6 && $1 == fc00::/7
                   "private_ethernet" $1[0] & 0x0F == 2
                   "private_ipv4" $1 == 192.168.0.0/16 or $1 == 172.16.0.0/12 or $1 == 10.0.0.0/8
    
               The global _dmacros_ file uses the same directory as the global
               preferences file.
    
               The personal _dmacros_ file uses the same directory as the
               personal preferences file. It is written through the
               Analyze:Display Filter Macros dialog.
    
               If the global _dmacros_ file exists, it is used only if the
               personal _dmacros_ file does not exist; global and personal
               display filters are not merged.
    
               Prior to Wireshark 4.4, a _dfilter_macros_ file with a somewhat
               different syntax was used. That file is looked for at startup
               if a _dmacros_ file is not found and used to migrate to the new
               format.
    
           Color Filters (Coloring Rules)
    
               The _colorfilters_ files contain system-wide and personal color
               filters. Each line contains one filter, starting with the
               string displayed in the dialog box, followed by the
               corresponding display filter. Then the background and
               foreground colors are appended:
    
                   # a comment
                   @tcp@tcp@[59345,58980,65534][0,0,0]
                   @udp@udp@[28834,57427,65533][0,0,0]
    
               The global _colorfilters_ file uses the same directory as the
               global preferences file.
    
               The personal _colorfilters_ file uses the same directory as the
               personal preferences file. It is written through the
               View:Coloring Rules dialog.
    
               If the global _colorfilters_ file exists, it is used only if the
               personal _colorfilters_ file does not exist; global and personal
               color filters are not merged.
    
           Plugins
    
               Wireshark looks for plugins in both a personal plugin folder
               and a global plugin folder.
    
               On UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD,
               Solaris, and AIX, the global plugin directory is
               _lib/wireshark/plugins/_ (on some systems substitute _lib64_ for
               _lib_) under the main installation directory (for example,
               _/usr/local/lib/wireshark/plugins/_). The personal plugin
               directory is _$HOME/.local/lib/wireshark/plugins_.
    
               On macOS, if Wireshark is installed as an application bundle,
               the global plugin folder is instead
               _%APPDIR%/Contents/PlugIns/wireshark_.
    
               On Windows, the global plugin folder is _plugins/_ under the
               main installation directory (for example, _C:\Program_
               _Files\Wireshark\plugins\_). The personal plugin folder is
               _%APPDATA%\Wireshark\plugins_ (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t defined,
               _%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Wireshark\plugins_).
    
               Lua plugins are stored in the plugin folders; compiled plugins
               are stored in subfolders of the plugin folders, with the
               subfolder name being the Wireshark minor version number (X.Y).
               There is another hierarchical level for each Wireshark plugin
               type (libwireshark, libwiretap and codecs). For example, the
               location for a libwireshark plugin _foo.so_ (_foo.dll_ on Windows)
               would be _PLUGINDIR/X.Y/epan_ (libwireshark used to be called
               libepan; the other folder names are _codecs_ and _wiretap_).
    
                   **Note**
    
                   On UNIX-compatible systems, Lua plugins (but not binary
                   plugins) may also be placed in
                   _$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark/plugins_ , (or, if
                   _$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark_ does not exist while
                   _$HOME/.wireshark_ does exist, _$HOME/.wireshark/plugins_.)
    
               Note that a dissector plugin module may support more than one
               protocol; there is not necessarily a one-to-one correspondence
               between dissector plugin modules and protocols. Protocols
               supported by a dissector plugin module are enabled and
               disabled in the same way as protocols built into Wireshark.
    


## ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES



           WIRESHARK_CONFIG_DIR
    
               This environment variable overrides the location of personal
               configuration files. On UNIX-compatible systems, such as
               Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, it defaults to
               _$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark_ (or, if that directory doesn’t
               exist but _$HOME/.wireshark_ does exist, _$HOME/.wireshark_); this
               is typically _$HOME/.config/wireshark_. On Windows, it defaults
               to _%APPDATA%\Wireshark_ (or, if %APPDATA% isn’t defined,
               _%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Wireshark_). Available since
               Wireshark 3.0.
    
           WIRESHARK_DEBUG_WMEM_OVERRIDE
               Setting this environment variable forces the wmem framework to
               use the specified allocator backend for **all** allocations,
               regardless of which backend is normally specified by the code.
               This is mainly useful to developers when testing or debugging.
               See _README.wmem_ in the source distribution for details.
    
           WIRESHARK_RUN_FROM_BUILD_DIRECTORY
               This environment variable causes the plugins and other data
               files to be loaded from the build directory (where the program
               was compiled) rather than from the standard locations. It has
               no effect when the program in question is running with root
               (or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible systems, such as
               Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX.
    
           WIRESHARK_DATA_DIR
               This environment variable causes the various data files to be
               loaded from a directory other than the standard locations. It
               has no effect when the program in question is running with
               root (or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible systems.
    
           WIRESHARK_EXTCAP_DIR
               This environment variable causes the various extcap programs
               and scripts to be run from a directory other than the standard
               locations. It has no effect when the program in question is
               running with root (or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible
               systems.
    
           WIRESHARK_PLUGIN_DIR
               This environment variable causes the various plugins to be
               loaded from a directory other than the standard locations. It
               has no effect when the program in question is running with
               root (or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible systems.
    
           ERF_RECORDS_TO_CHECK
               This environment variable controls the number of ERF records
               checked when deciding if a file really is in the ERF format.
               Setting this environment variable a number higher than the
               default (20) would make false positives less likely.
    
           IPFIX_RECORDS_TO_CHECK
               This environment variable controls the number of IPFIX records
               checked when deciding if a file really is in the IPFIX format.
               Setting this environment variable a number higher than the
               default (20) would make false positives less likely.
    
           WIRESHARK_ABORT_ON_DISSECTOR_BUG
               If this environment variable is set, **Wireshark** will call
               abort(3) when a dissector bug is encountered. abort(3) will
               cause the program to exit abnormally; if you are running
               **Wireshark** in a debugger, it should halt in the debugger and
               allow inspection of the process, and, if you are not running
               it in a debugger, it will, on some OSes, assuming your
               environment is configured correctly, generate a core dump
               file. This can be useful to developers attempting to
               troubleshoot a problem with a protocol dissector.
    
           WIRESHARK_ABORT_ON_TOO_MANY_ITEMS
               If this environment variable is set, **Wireshark** will call
               abort(3) if a dissector tries to add too many items to a tree
               (generally this is an indication of the dissector not breaking
               out of a loop soon enough). abort(3) will cause the program to
               exit abnormally; if you are running **Wireshark** in a debugger,
               it should halt in the debugger and allow inspection of the
               process, and, if you are not running it in a debugger, it
               will, on some OSes, assuming your environment is configured
               correctly, generate a core dump file. This can be useful to
               developers attempting to troubleshoot a problem with a
               protocol dissector.
    
           WIRESHARK_QUIT_AFTER_CAPTURE
               Cause **Wireshark** to exit after the end of the capture session.
               This doesn’t automatically start a capture; you must still use
               **-k** to do that. You must also specify an autostop condition,
               e.g. **-c** or **-a duration:...**. This means that you will not be
               able to see the results of the capture after it stops; it’s
               primarily useful for testing.
    
           WIRESHARK_LOG_LEVEL
               This environment variable controls the verbosity of diagnostic
               messages to the console. From less verbose to most verbose
               levels can be critical, warning, message, info, debug or
               noisy. Levels above the current level are also active. Levels
               critical and error are always active.
    
           WIRESHARK_LOG_FATAL
               Sets the fatal log level. Fatal log levels cause the program
               to abort. This level can be set to Error, critical or warning.
               Error is always fatal and is the default.
    
           WIRESHARK_LOG_DOMAINS
               This environment variable selects which log domains are
               active. The filter is given as a case-insensitive comma
               separated list. If set only the included domains will be
               enabled. The default domain is always considered to be
               enabled. Domain filter lists can be preceded by '!' to invert
               the sense of the match.
    
           WIRESHARK_LOG_DEBUG
               List of domains with debug log level. This sets the level of
               the provided log domains and takes precedence over the active
               domains filter. If preceded by '!' this disables the debug
               level instead.
    
           WIRESHARK_LOG_NOISY
               Same as above but for noisy log level instead.
    


## NOTES



           This is the manual page for **Wireshark** 4.5.0. The latest version of
           **Wireshark** can be found at https://www.wireshark.org/.
    
           HTML versions of the Wireshark project man pages are available at
           https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages/.
    
           The Wireshark’s User Guide is available at
           https://www.wireshark.org/docs/wsug_html_chunked/. This page is
           part of the _wireshark_ (Interactively dump and analyze network
           traffic) project. Information about the project can be found at 
           ⟨https://www.wireshark.org/⟩. If you have a bug report for this
           manual page, see
           ⟨https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/issues⟩. This page was
           obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
           ⟨https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark.git⟩ on 2025-08-11. (At
           that time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in
           the repository was 2025-08-11.) If you discover any rendering
           problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there is
           a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
           corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
           (which is _not_ part of the original manual page), send a mail to
           man-pages@man7.org
    
                                    2025-03-07                   _WIRESHARK_(1)
    


* * *