Political lesbianism

{{Politics}}{{gender}}'''Political lesbianism''' is the idea that in order to build a feminist society, women should voluntarily refrain from having sex with men. Unlike what its name suggest, it does not require women to be or to become [[lesbian]]s, although it does require that they refrain or even stop completely from having heterosexual relationships with men. It is epitomized in a phrase usually attributed to author Ti-Grace Atkinson: "[[Feminism]] is the theory; lesbianism is the practice."

Although it is now commonly understood that sexual orientation is not a choice, this was not the case in the 1960s, when political lesbianism made its first appearance; but, like the [[homophobe]]s who [[Horseshoe theory|also]] believe that [[Reparative therapy|sexual orientation is a (blind) choice]], today's advocates of political lesbianism have not moved with the times.

==History==

Political lesbianism originated among [[Feminism#The second wave: The "Feminist Movement" (1950s–1990s)|second-wave]] [[radical feminist]]s who began to see a conflict between taking sledgehammers to "the [[Patriarchy]]" during the day and hopping into bed with men at night. For this reason (and, most likely, driven by their own hardwired sexual orientations), they argued that women should terminate their relations with men, sexual and otherwise, and thus become "political lesbians". Not only that, they believe that this is some sort of punishment to men, since all men apparently couldn't possibly live without their company (somewhat as in Aristophanes' play {{wpl|Lysistrata|''Lysistrata'',}} but not as funny).

Since the main idea of political lesbianism is to separate from men rather than to join up with women, political lesbians do not have to ''actually'' ever sleep with, or even partner with, other women; they may instead be [[celibate]] or [[Asexuality|asexual]]. 

Proponents may advocate political lesbianism on positive grounds, that it is an embodiment of solidarity with the fellow members of one's gender. Or they may advocate it on negative grounds, that if a woman sleeps with a man, she will begin to have a positive opinion of him, which is deemed entirely unacceptable since it is "a way of refusing to look at the fact that some men really do [[Misogyny|hate women]]",<ref group=note>
[http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2009/jan/30/women-gayrights No, no-one else understands this argument either.]
</ref> conforming to the very feminist idea that women are defined by their relationship with men.

==Upsetting incidents==
At the back of many of the arguments in favor of political lesbianism lurks the sentiment that ‘political lesbian’ feminists are in some way — ideologically, morally, ethically, or tactically — superior to feminists who "choose to be" straight women and associate with men, while [[bisexual]] feminists, it would appear, do not exist at all.

Feminist singer Ani DiFranco, who has described herself as bisexual, was criticised by some of her (ex-)fans after she started seeing a man.<ref>Julie Engel, [https://archive.is/CcGzd Ani DiFranco:  Challenging Dominant Ideologies One Lyric at a Time]. Archived from the original at www.webpages.uidaho.edu, c. 2005.</ref> So, apparently, she was supposed to put aside her feelings — however strong they may have been — and deny herself a relationship that she wanted to happen. (Score one for female empowerment, folks!) Thus, political lesbianism is seen to involve the same ugly and unrealistic choice as is faced by gay people in homophobic communities: conform their sexual practices to the expected norm or risk being ostracized. 

Even among self-identified lesbians, the sentiments of political lesbianism can be problematic: the radical feminist [[Andrea Dworkin]], who identified as a lesbian, kept her marriage to John Stoltenberg something of a secret for fear of her comrades getting the wrong impression<ref>John Stoltenberg, [http://www.feminist.com/resources/artspeech/genwom/andreadworkin.html Imagining Life Without Andrea]. feminist.com, 2005.</ref> (even though Stoltenberg is gay).<ref group=note>Marriages between a lesbian woman and a gay man are sometimes known as {{wpl|lavender marriages}}.</ref>

A number of prominent political lesbians are or were [[transphobia|transphobic]]. These may also be referred to as "[[TERF]]s" (trans-exclusionary radical feminists).

==Separatist feminism==
An extreme form of political lesbianism is {{wpl|separatist feminism||,}} the idea that feminists ought to have little to no direct contact with men at all. This may be conceived of either as a temporary strategy to help bring about a more feminist world, or as a permanent thing. [[Anarchist]] writer Bob Black drew parallels between separatist feminists and religious [[cult]]s:<ref>[http://www.inspiracy.com/black/abolition/feminism.html Feminism As Fascism]</ref>

{{cquote|Separatism may be absurd as a social program and riddled with inconsistencies (scarcely any separatists separate from patriarchal society to anything like the extent that, say, survivalists do — and nobody intervenes more to mind other people’s business than separatists). But semi-isolation makes it easier to indoctrinate neophytes and shut out adverse evidence and argument, an insight radical feminists share with [[Moonies]], [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Hare Krishna]], and other cultists.}}

Probably the most extreme form of separatist feminism is [[Valerie Solanas]]' {{wpl|SCUM Manifesto|''SCUM Manifesto'',}} in which she suggested ridding the planet of men by way of "gendercide."  Good luck with that by the way.

==See also==
* [[Men Going Their Own Way]] — the rough [[manosphere]]/[[Men's rights movement|MRA]] version of this, albeit without the homosexuality (ostensibly).
* [[Female supremacy]] -  bound to intersect with political lesbianism.
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Feminism]]
[[Category:Homosexuality]]

Categories: Feminism, Homosexuality