trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Giovanni Gentile

[[File:Giovanni_Gentile.png|thumb|right|165px|Gentile contemplating [[Fun:Real life|life]]]]
{{Philosophy}}
'''Giovanni Gentile''' {{lived|30 May 1875|15 April 1944}} was an [[Italian]] [[philosopher]], [[politician]]<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Giovanni-Gentile</ref> and an educator known as the "Philosopher of Fascism." He contributed to the rise of Italian [[fascism]] and was the ghostwriter of [[Mussolini|Benito Mussolini's]] essay, ''The Doctrine of Fascism''. 
He was influenced by [[Karl Marx]], [[Engels]] and [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] among others.
Under ''Il Duce'', Gentile became the Minister of Public [[Education]] and started a reform of Italian education.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Giovanni-Gentile</ref>

Following the Allied invasion of Italy in 1943, Gentile supported Mussolini's creation of the [[Nazi]] [[puppet state]], the Italian Social Republic (or "Salò"), under which he accepted a position as head of the Academy of Italy. In 1944, Gentile was killed by anti-fascist [[communists]].<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Giovanni-Gentile</ref>

==Views==
Gentile has been referred to as the "official philosopher of Fascism in Italy."<ref>Benedetto Croce, Guide to Aesthetics, Translated by Patrick Romanell, "Translator's Introduction," The Library of Liberal Arts, The Bobbs–Merrill Co., Inc., 1965</ref> He was a supporter of rejection of individualism, collectivism and the recognition of the state as the ultimate authority.<ref>http://www.worldfuturefund.org/wffmaster/Reading/Germany/mussolini.htm</ref> He wanted fascism to have been based on his own philosophy.<ref>The philosophical Basis of Fascism By Sir Giovanni Gentile.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}
{{stub|philosophy}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gentile, Giovanni}}
[[Category:European politicians]]
[[Category:Fascists]]
[[Category:Italy]]

Categories: European politicians, Fascists, Italy
Gita Sahgal

'''Gita Sahgal''' is a British [[feminist]], [[secularist]] and human rights campaigner. Born in Bombay, Sahgal became involved in activism after graduating from the School of African and Oriental Studies in London.<ref name=outlook>http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?264315</ref> She has been involved in a number of organisations, co-founding Southall Black Sisters in 1979 and Women Against [[Fundamentalism]] in 1989.<ref>http://www.southallblacksisters.org.uk/sbs-timeline/</ref><ref>http://www.wluml.org/node/5092</ref><ref name=outlook/>

Sahgal became head of [[Amnesty International]]'s gender unit in 2003 but was suspended by the organisation after she objected to its support for [[Cageprisoners|Moazzam Begg]], a [[Taliban]] sympathiser.<ref name=townsend>http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/25/gita-sahgal-amnesty-international</ref>

She is currently the executive director of Centre for Secular Space, which originated in 2010 and officially launched in 2013.<ref>http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/coffeehouse/2013/02/a-long-overdue-counterblast-to-the-lefts-thinking-on-islamists/</ref><ref>http://www.centreforsecularspace.org/?q=content/about-us</ref> This independent think tank takes an overtly feminist stand in its promotion of human rights and opposition to [[terrorism]].<ref>http://www.centreforsecularspace.org/sites/default/files/CSS%20concept%20paper.pdf</ref>

==External links==
* [http://www.centreforsecularspace.org Centre for Secular Space]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT: Sahgal, Gita}}

[[Category:Feminists]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Categories: Feminists, Living people
Glenn Morton

'''Glenn Robert Morton''' {{lived|1950|2020}}<ref>[https://obits.dallasnews.com/us/obituaries/dallasmorningnews/name/glenn-morton-obituary?id=2228445 Glenn Morton Obituary] (Aug. 9, 2020) ''The Dallas Morning News''.</ref> was an [[United States|American]] geophysicist who worked in the petroleum industry. In the 1970s and 1980s he was a [[young-Earth creationist]] and professional [[creation scientist]], who published several articles in ''[[Creation Research Society|Creation Research Society Quarterly]]'' and regularly presented at creationism conferences. However, he eventually found it impossible to reconcile his creationist beliefs with the data he dealt with as a geophysicist, and from the 1990s onward he was a proponent of [[theistic evolution]] and a critic of creationism.

After his abandonment of creationism, Morton was a regular contributor to ''[[National Center for Science Education|NCSE Reports]]'', ''Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith'', and the [[Talk.Origins]] website and newsgroup. Two of his articles have received particular attention. The first is his autobiographical account "The Transformation of a Young-Earth Creationist", originally published in ''Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith'', in which he described his futile struggle to reconcile his creationist beliefs with the geophysical data, as well as the hostile reactions he experienced from other professional creationists. The second was a post on Talk.Origins in which he coined the term [[Morton's demon]], a play on [[Maxwell's demon]].<ref>[https://www.talkorigins.org/origins/postmonth/feb02.html Morton's Demon] by Glenn Morton (February 2, 2002) ''The TalkOrigins Archive''.</ref> "Morton's demon" describes a form of [[confirmation bias]] that lets in evidence in support of a person's existing beliefs, but refuses to let in evidence that contradicts them.

==Bibliography==
*Morton, G. R. "[https://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2000/PSCF6-00Morton.html The Transformation of a Young-Earth Creationist]." ''Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith'' '''52''' (June 2000): 81-83.
*Morton, G. R. "[https://www.talkorigins.org/origins/postmonth/feb02.html Morton's Demon]." The Talk.Origins archive, February 2, 2002.
*Kane, J. "[https://pandasthumb.org/archives/2020/08/glenn-morton.html Glenn Morton, 1950-2020]." The Panda's Thumb, August 14, 2020.

==References==
{{reflist|80%}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Morton, Glenn}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Creationists]]
[[Category:Evolution]]
[[Category:Geologists]]
[[Category:Skeptics]]

Categories: Authors, Creationists, Evolution, Geologists, Skeptics
Glenn Spencer

'''Glenn Spencer''' is a [[White supremacy|white supremacist]] known for his anti-immigration activism.<ref name="wiki">{{wpl|Glenn_Spencer#Spencer_and_White_Nationalists | Wikipedia: Spencer and White Nationalists}}</ref>

== Background ==

Glenn Spencer has become more savvy since his days associated with the [[KKK]].<ref name="orca">[http://dneiwert.blogspot.com/2005/10/coddling-extremists.html Coddling Extremists]</ref><ref name="CD">[http://www.commondreams.org/headlines06/0701-08.htm Lou Dobbs' Dubious Guest List]</ref> His American Border Patrol, Ranch Rescue, the [[Minutemen]] Project, and Voices of Citizens Together (VCT) have been designated hate groups.<ref name="ADL">[http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?sid=175 Anti-Immigration Groups]</ref>

Spencer bought a ranch a thousand feet from the [[Mexico]]/[[Arizona]] border and has tried to elevate himself above his friend and Grand Dragon, [[Tom Metzger]], who started Klan Border Watch several years earlier in [[California]].<ref name="orca" /> (Metzger, [[Hal Turner]], and [[Sean Hannity]] were allegedly friends, too.) Out of these groups comes much of what is distributed in emails today.

== External links ==

* [http://www.adl.org/extremism/arizona/arizonaborder.pdf Border Disputes: Armed Vigilantes in Arizona (PDF)]  ADL

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spencer, Glenn}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Racists]]
[[Category:Conspiracy theorists]]
[[Category:Immigration]]
[[Category:Xenophobes]]

Categories: Living people, Racists, Conspiracy theorists, Immigration, Xenophobes
Globster

{{cryptid}}[[File:O_giganteus16.jpg|thumb|left|Delectable! Just certainly delectable!]]
A '''Globster''' or '''Blob''' is a supposedly "unidentified" lump of rotting sea creature flesh and is often used as "proof" of all manner of things. It's the Cryptozoologic equivalent of a [[UFO]]: "I don't know what this mysterious unidentified thing is, therefore it is proof of [[sea serpent]]s,<ref>Bousfield, Edward L. & Leblond Paul H. (2000). Cadborosaurus: Survivor from the Deep. Heritage House Publishing.</ref> giant octopuses, or [[cthulhu]]". After people who actually know what they're talking about take a look at these "globsters", they're invariably proven to be the carcasses of basking sharks or rotting mounds of rancid whale fat.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080527140638/http://www.research.usf.edu/absolutenm/templates/newro.asp?articleid=571&zoneid=26 Research online:A Whale of a Tale] via [[Internet Archive]]</ref><ref>[http://www.biolbull.org/content/206/3/125.full The Biological Bulletin: Microscopic, Biochemical, and Molecular Characteristics of the Chilean Blob and a Comparison With the Remains of Other Sea Monsters: Nothing but Whales]</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.newanimal.org/globsters.htm Globsters at The Cryptid Zoo]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|Cryptozoology}}
Gloria Thomas Sam

{{altmed}}
'''Gloria Thomas Sam''' was the baby daughter of Thomas and Manju Sam. She died of eczema, due to her parent's decision to rely on [[homeopathy]] rather than seek proper medical care for her.<ref name="A">Casben, Liv. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091001140511/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/09/28/2698762.htm Parents jailed over baby's death]. ABC News, 28 Sep 2009.</ref>

Gloria died aged nine months after spending more than half her life with eczema. The skin condition wore down her natural defenses and left her completely vulnerable when she developed an eye infection that killed her within days.<ref>Harriet, Alexander. [http://www.smh.com.au/national/parents-guilty-of-manslaughter-over-daughters-eczema-death-20090605-bxvx.html Parents guilty of manslaughter over daughter's eczema death]. The Sydney Morning Herald, 5 June, 2009.</ref>

Both of her parents were sentenced to ten years in prison; her father, who was himself a homeopath, received a heavier sentence as he was deemed to have a double duty of care.<ref name="A"/> 

==See Also==
* [[Homeopathy]]
* [[Alternative medicine]]

==External Links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8XYUixuw8g Video] from C0nc0rdance on the case.

==References==
{{reflist}}{{stub|pseudoscience}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sam, Gloria Thomas}}
[[Category:Homeopathy]]
[[Category:Alternative medicine promoters]]

Categories: Homeopathy, Alternative medicine promoters
Gluon

{{Physics}}
A '''gluon''' is an elementary [[subatomic particle]] that has integral spin. It acts as the exchange particles for the strong force between [[quark]]s, analogous to the exchange of [[photon]]s in the electromagnetic force between two charged particles.

==Creationism==
According to [[Jack Chick]], gluons do not exist.<ref>See panels 27-29. [https://www.chick.com/reading/tracts/0055/0055_01.asp "Big Daddy?"]. ''Chick Publications''. Published in 2002. Retrieved 10 August 2016.</ref> In fact, no physicist has ever measured or observed them. They are a made up dream to keep [[Literacy|naturalistically-minded]] [[sheeple]] unaware of the truth: that the reason why nucleons are held together is not the {{wpl|strong interaction||,}} but {{bible|Colossians|1|17}}.

==See also==
*[[Quantum mechanics]]
*[[boson]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Fundamental particles]]

Categories: Fundamental particles
Glynn Harrison

{{Christianity}}
'''Glynn Harrison''' is an emeritus professor of psychiatry at Bristol University and a member of the Crown Nominations Commission. The latter position allows him to participate in choosing the shortlisted candidate for the next [[Church of England|Archbishop of Canterbury]]. 

Harrison is a [[fundamentalist]] [[Homophobia|homophobe]] who believes that [[Homosexuality|gay people]] "fall short of [[God]]’s purpose in creation" and can be cured of their unwanted same-sex attractions through [[Reparative therapy|religious psychotherapy]]. He says that “there is evidence that some people with unwanted same sex attractions can achieve significant change.”<ref>[http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/04/09/archbishop-panel-member-says-gay-people-can-change-sexual-attraction/ Archbishop panel member says gay people can ‘change’ sexual attraction]</ref> (Most psychiatric and psychological professional bodies disagree.)

He is affiliated with the {{wpl|Christian Medical Fellowship}}, a UK Christian fundamentalist group, and on whose website he has published three articles on the topic of treating same-sex attraction and "ex-gays".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150417121120/http://www.cmf.org.uk/publications/authors/?id=352 Glynn Harrison at Christian Medical Fellowship]</ref> His views have been published on the {{wpl|Anglican Mainstream}} blog.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080829153054/http://www.anglican-mainstream.net/2008/08/28/glynn-harrison-peter-tatchell-and-born-gay/ Glynn Harrison, Peter Tatchell and ‘Born Gay’, Anglican Mainstream]</ref>

Harrison is affiliated with the {{wpl|True Freedom Trust}}, a UK ex-gay organization.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/apr/09/archbishop-of-canterbury-crown-nominations-commission Archbishop panel member believes gay people can 'change' sexual desire], The Guardian</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|1|80%}}
{{stub|homophobia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Harrison, Glynn}}
[[Category:Christians]]
[[Category:Fundamentalists]]
[[Category:Homophobes]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Categories: Christians, Fundamentalists, Homophobes, Living people
God, guns and gays

The phrase '''God, guns and gays''' describes the focus on social issues as political priorities for a significant number of [[right wing]] voters in the [[United States]]. The term is also used by analysts who argue that in the voting booth, [[social conservative|socially conservative]] concerns allegedly displace [[economic]] concerns, and that White [[working class|working-class]] voters are moving to the right when their economic concerns are ignored.<ref>Thomas Frank's ''What's the Matter with Kansas'' is probably the best-known instance of this argument.</ref> Indirectly, the term refers to the [[Republican Party]]'s perceived core voters: [[Christian fundamentalists]], [[gun nuts]], and [[homophobes]].<ref group=note>These often turn out to be the same people.</ref>

Support for religious policy, or opposition to [[secular]]ising forces, opposition to [[gun control]], and opposition to [[same-sex marriage]] or other [[LGBT]] [[civil rights]] concerns have formed useful "[[wedge issue]]s" in the past, though this is no longer the case: since 2010, a growing majority of people polled have supported same-sex marriage.<ref>[https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/fact-sheet/changing-attitudes-on-gay-marriage/ Attitudes on Same-Sex Marriage] (May 14, 2019) ''Pew Research Center''.</ref> The [[moral panic]] over same-sex marriage would seem to have been replaced by [[transphobia]].<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/04/gops-war-trans-kids/618579/ The Republican Party Finds a New Group to Demonize] by Adam Serwer (April 13, 2021) ''The Atlantic''.</ref>

The phrase originated as part of [[Oklahoma]] Senator [[Jim Inhofe]]'s 1994 campaign.<ref>''Freshmen: What Happened to the Republican Revolution?''. Linda Killian. 1999.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

{{stub|United States politics}}
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Homophobia]]
[[Category:Gun control]]
[[Category:Political terms]]
[[Category:Transphobia]]
[[Category:United States politics]]

Categories: Christianity, Homophobia, Gun control, Political terms, Transphobia, United States politics
Godless Bitches

{{Atheism}}
'''Godless Bitches''' is an [[United States|American]] podcast sponsored by the [[Atheist Community of Austin]] that discusses issues related to [[feminism]] from a [[secular]] viewpoint. One of its aims is to increase the presence of female voices within the [[Atheism|atheist]] and secular community. The podcast was created by Beth Presswood in 2011, and its contributors include Tracie Harris, Lynnea Glasser and Jen Peeples.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200221174136/http://www.godlessbitches.com/ Godless Bitches Homepage]</ref> Tracie and Jen also appear as rotating co-hosts on ''[[The Atheist Experience]]''.

The team was nominated for the Blag Hag "Most influential female atheist of 2011",<ref>[https://freethoughtblogs.com/blaghag/2012/01/results-for-the-most-influential-female-atheist-of-2011/ Results for the Most Influential Female Atheist of 2011] by Jen McCreight (January 5, 2012) ''Blag Hag'', ''Freethought Blogs''</ref> and in 2013, they won Austin Chronicle's "Best Local Podcast" award<ref>[https://www.austinchronicle.com/best-of-austin/year:2013/poll:readers/category:media/godless-bitches-best-local-podcast/ 'Godless Bitches' - Best Local Podcast], ''The Austin Chronicle''</ref> That same year, the podcast team was also invited to speak at the yearly [[American Atheists]] convention.<Ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170315072503/https://www.atheists.org/convention2013/schedule 2013 National Convention] (Archived March 15, 2017) ''American Atheists''</ref>

While they are currently not producing episodes, some are still available at the iTunes store and on YouTube.

==See also==
*[[The Atheist Experience]]
*[[The Thinking Atheist]]
*[[RationalWiki:Podcasts]]

==External links==
*[https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/godless-bitches/id457955142 Apple Podcasts]
*[https://www.youtube.com/c/GodlessBitches/videos YouTube]

==References==
{{reflist|80%}}



{{stub|politics}}
[[Category:Podcasts]]
[[Category:Feminism]]
[[Category:Atheism]]

Categories: Podcasts, Feminism, Atheism
Gold standard (science)

{{sciencenav}}
{{hatnote|For the monetary concept, see [[Gold standard (economics)]]. For the ethical principle, see [[Golden Rule]].}}

'''Gold standard''', or sometimes '''golden standard''', refers to the best possible test, most commonly used in medicine to refer to a test for a condition or disease.<ref>[http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=38019 MediLexicon (Medical Dictionary) - Gold Standard]</ref> A gold standard medical test is not necessarily ''perfect'', but one that is recognised as good enough so that all other tests can be compared to it.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC557893/ Claassen., J. A. H. R., ''British Medical Journal''. 2005 May 14; 330(7500): 1121]</ref> This type of [[evidence]] is used to evaluate new methods of diagnosing disease as often the "gold standard" test may have the potential for complications, or is expensive or time consuming.

==Examples==

For example, the gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) is the {{wpl|pulmonary angiogram}}, in which dye is injected into the bloodstream and X-rays are taken of the arteries in the lungs.  Because this is an invasive test, other methods of diagnosing the disease are desirable.  Computed tomography (CT) scanning is an increasingly common method used to diagnose PE.  To know how accurate it is, it must be compared to a test that is known to be good. Angiography is presumed to be nearly 100% sensitive and specific, and then CT can be compared to it, and its accuracy calculated.

A gold standard test, if expensive or invasive, can also be used in conjunction with a less sensitive/specific test. Where positive results from the more routine test lead to the invasive one in order to weed out false positives. However, these must be carefully weighed against the number of false negatives the tests also produce.

A blood draw for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has controversially been used to screen for potential prostate cancer. Where high PSA levels in the test then trigger a more invasive, gold standard test: a biopsy. However, a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine<ref>[http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa0810696 Andriole ''et. al'',''N. Engl. J. Med.'' 2009 March 29; 360(1310-1319)]</ref> concluded that PSA screening did not result in significantly lower prostate cancer mortality while potentially exposing healthy men to unnecessary post-PSA-test tests and treatment.

==See also==

*[[Sensitivity and specificity]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:statistics]]

Categories: statistics
Golden hammer

[[File:GoldenHammer-en.gif|thumb|right|165px|"♫♬If I had a hammer…"<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VO39e5Uznu4 Pete Seeger - If I Had A Hammer… (1956)]</ref>]]{{logic}}
{{cquote|If all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.|||Aphorism<ref>https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/if_all_you_have_is_a_hammer,_everything_looks_like_a_nail</ref>}}
A '''golden hammer''' is 
{{wpl|Maxwell's Silver Hammer|the luxury version of Maxwell's silver hammer}}
 a [[cognitive bias]] that occurs when you [[Panacea|propose the same, simple solution (or type of solution) to every problem]].

==Alternate names==
*Baruch's Observation
*Maslow's hammer
*Kaplan's hammer
*Birmingham screwdriver
*Law of the hammer
*Law of the instrument
*''Persimplex responsum''
*"Cookie cutter solution" is the [[management speak]] version.

==Etymology==
The name comes from {{wpl|Abraham Maslow|Abraham Maslow's}} 1966 statement:

{{cquote|I suppose it is tempting, if the only tool you have is a hammer, to treat everything as if it were a nail.}}

An earlier (yet less famous) quote comes from {{wpl|Abraham Kaplan|Abraham Kaplan's}} 1964 statement:

{{cquote|I call it the ''law of the instrument'', and it may be formulated as follows: Give a small boy a hammer, and he will find that everything he encounters needs pounding.}}

==Problem==
Essentially, not everything is a nail; no solution can fix every problem.  There's always the possibility that we just haven't built a big enough hammer yet, though. {{wpl|Tsar Bomba|But not for lack of trying.}}

==Examples==
*Every [[panacea]]
*[[Didit fallacy]]
*Some flavors of [[libertarian]]s view [[free market]] economics this way.
*Conversely, many [[communist]]s treat the prospect of a [[planned economy]] with the same overconfidence.
*Many [[neoconservatism|neoconservatives]] view war as a "golden hammer".
*The item first from {{wpl|Wrecking Crew (video game)|''Wrecking Crew''|,}} more often known from {{wpl|Super Smash Bros.|''Super Smash Bros.''|.}} It can inflict serious damage, but some are defects that squeak on contact. Golden Hammers can break some challenges, though only limited times.

==See also==
*''[[Argumentum ad nauseam]]''
*Enoch's Hammer of the [[Luddites]]
*[[Hanlon's razor]]
*[[Occam's razor]]
*[[Silver bullet]]
*[[Thor]], wielder of the hammer that protected humanity

{{otherlang
|ru=Ошибка золотого молота}}

==External links==
*[http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Golden%20hammer "Golden Hammer"], The Free Dictionary
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20111001005845/http://theautonomist.com/aaphp/permanent/fallacies.php#Persimp "Plurium interrogationum fallacy"], The Autonomist

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{logfal}}

[[Category:Informal fallacies]]

[[ru:Ошибка золотого молота]]

Categories: Informal fallacies