trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Erik Rush

{{pundits}}
'''Erik Rush''' {{lived|1961}} is an [[Far right|extreme-right]] pundit and contributor to [[Fox News]], [[WND]] and [[Canada Free Press]]. He has recently treated us to such delightful opinions as "All [[Muslim]]s should die for the [[Boston Marathon bombing]]"<ref>[http://www.rightwingwatch.org/content/erik-rush-kill-all-muslims-response-boston-marathon-attack Erik Rush: Kill All Muslims in Response to Boston Marathon Attack] by Kyle Mantyla (April 15, 2013 4:37 pm) ''Right Wing Watch''.</ref> and "The [[Obama]] Administration will bring about the [[Apocalypse]]."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130510183030/http://www.canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/52178 Apocalypse Sooner or Later] by Erik Rush (January 5, 2013) ''Canada Free Press'' (archived from May 10, 2013).</ref> He has repeatedly called for an armed [[revolution]] against the American [[government]] and believes Obama to be a [[Marxist]] "tyrant" who will use Muslims as foot soldiers against the American people.<ref name=whence>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130611054544/http://www.wnd.com/2013/06/whence-cometh-the-revolution/ Whence cometh the revolution?] by Erik Rush (2013) ''WND'' (archived from June 11, 2013).</ref> To top it all, he believes that white Americans are suffering from "Negrophilia", an "undue and inordinate affinity for blacks". Keep in mind that he himself is an [[African American]].<ref>[http://www.wnd.com/2013/07/zimmerman-trial-exposes-negrophilia-in-u-s/ WND: Zimmerman trial exposes ‘Negrophilia’ in U.S.] 22 July 2013</ref>

One has to wonder whether he's just trying to carve a niche as the furthest-right voice in global politics. 

==Quote==
"As some of us predicted in 2010, it has now become evident that the Patient Protection and [[Affordable Care Act]] ('Obamacare') is nothing more than the framework for a totalitarian state." — Erik Rush<ref name=whence/>

"You area mindless orifice." -Erik Rush "<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190510212236/https:/twitter.com/erikrush/status/517748652774023168 @Eunacis You area mindless orifice.] by Erik Rush (11:51 AM - 2 Oct 2014) ''Twitter'' (archived from May 10, 2019).</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|Political pundits}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rush, Erik}}
[[Category:Internalized discrimination]]
[[Category:Islamophobes]]
[[Category:Racists]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Categories: Internalized discrimination, Islamophobes, Racists, Living people
Eroom's law

{{drugs}}
'''Eroom's law''' is an observation-based law which states that in the last decades, the progression of drug discovery is slowing down while the cost of developing a new drug rises, and oftentimes the new drug is only slightly more effective then old ones for the same symptom. To be more precise, the cost to develop new drugs doubles roughly every 9 years, after taking inflation into consideration.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hall|first1=Jeremy|last2=Matos|first2=Stelvia|last3=Gold|first3=Stefan|last4=Severino|first4=Liv S.|date=2018-01-20|title=The paradox of sustainable innovation: The 'Eroom' effect (Moore's law backwards)|journal=Journal of Cleaner Production|volume=172|pages=3487–3497|doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.162|bibcode=2018JCPro.172.3487H |issn=0959-6526|url=https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/906152/1/Hall_Matos_Gold%20Severino_JCLP_10165.pdf}}</ref>

The name Eroom is Moore spelt backwards, as an homage to [[Moore's Law]], to signify the stark contrast between what has happened to drug development and what has happened to microchips.

So far nothing has successfully reversed the decelerating trend of drug discovery, neither computer assisted approaches like high-throughput screening and computer-assisted drug design, or other approaches like biotechnology, have changed this trend, despite the miraculous developments of computer hardware in the last decades.

Because the speed of technological growth has been decelerating in most fields of science and technology for decades,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Park |first1=Michael |last2=Leahey |first2=Erin |last3=Funk |first3=Russell J.  |title=Papers and patents are becoming less disruptive over time |journal=Nature |date=2023 |volume=613 |issue=7942 |pages=138–144 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05543-x |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05543-x |language=en |issn=1476-4687}}</ref> there are reasons to think that laws similar to Eroom's law are the rule, rather than the exception, of technological development in modern times, and the progress of computer hardware is an exceptional case that gives a delusion that the pace of technological development is exponential in recent years.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|medicine}}

[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Science]]
[[Category:Technology]]

Categories: Medicine, Science, Technology
Escape to the future

{{logicnav}}
An '''escape to the future''' is a [[logical fallacy]] that is functionally similar to the [[God of the gaps|God of the gaps argument]] and occurs when someone claims their [[worldview]] will soon prevail because the evidence is in the making or that their victory is just round the corner. [[Pseudoscience]]s do this all the time.

While the fallacy itself is formal, the act of constructing your world around its (mis)application is per definition [[Delusion|delusional]]. The [[Hitler]] bunker scene in ''{{wpl|Downfall_(2004_film)|Der Untergang}}'' is a typical example of this,{{efn|The ''original'' scene from the film and not {{wpl|Downfall (2004 film)#Parodies|one of the innumerable parodies|.}}}} as is the statement: "You are on the wrong side of history!"

==Alternate names==
*Argument to the Future
*Future Discoveries fallacy
*Permanent Promise

==Form==
{{syl
|2=Currently, there is no evidence that '''X''' is true.
|4=In the future, there will be evidence that '''X''' is true.
|5=C|6='''X''' is true.
}}

==Explanation==
This argument is fallacious because of the lack of evidence to believe that there will be evidence in the future. This failure reduces the argument to P1 and C, which leaves no evidence for X to be true.

If there is evidence to believe so, then this is not a fallacious argument. For example, it's probable that [[neuroscience]] will eventually fully understand how the human [[brain]] works, because neuroscience has successfully done so for neurons and for sections of the brain (it would become a fallacy if you said, "The brain works like X, and we will soon have evidence for this, so therefore it is true". Not making a non-specific statement that at some point in the future we will understand the brain). However, there is no reason to believe that [[homeopathy]], for example, will somehow become effective in the future.

==External links==
*[http://cerebralfaith.blogspot.com/2013/04/the-appeal-to-future-discoveries-fallacy.html The Appeal-To-Future-Discoveries Fallacy], Cerebral Faith
*[http://www.logicallyfallacious.com/index.php/b-list-fallacies Argument To The Future], Logically Fallacious
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20111001005845/http://theautonomist.com/aaphp/permanent/fallacies.php Untestability fallacy], The Autonomist
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20040203024205/http://www.aros.net/~wenglund/Logic101a.htm Untestability], Anti-Mormon Illogic

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

{{logfal}}
[[Category:Informal fallacies]]

Categories: Informal fallacies
Escozine

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Escozine™''}}{{altmed}}
__NOTOC__
{{cquote|Escozine is the [[nature woo|natural]] blue scorpion venom neutraceutical {{sic}} which people are using to beat:<br>cancer, non malignant tumors, arthritis, hepatitis C, HPV, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease <br>and HIV by [[immune system boosting|bolstering their immune system]] and attacking extraneous cells.|200|50|Escozine's main page<ref>http://escozine.co.uk/</ref>{{dead}}}}

'''''Escozine™''''' is a crank [[alternative medicine|alternative]] [[cancer]] treatment product produced by ''Medolife, Inc.'', based in the Dominican Republic.

==Background==
The history of Escozine starts in 2004 when founder and CEO of Medolife Dr. Arthur Grant Mikaelian started investigating the health benefits of Caribbean Blue Scorpion (''Rhopalurus junceus'') venom.  By 2010 he had patented a polarization process meant to improve the delivery of either minerals extracted from a peptide of the venom,<ref>http://medolife.com/escozine-line/</ref> or the peptide itself.  It was registered in the Dominican Republic in 2010 and half a dozen countries since, but despite claims of studies in conjunction with the Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego,<ref>http://escozine.co.uk/product-information/</ref>{{dead}} it is not marketed as anything other than a dietary supplement in the United States.

==Claims==
From the Escozine website:
{{quotebox|Escozine™  works as a sodium, potassium and chloride ionic chanel inhibitor. The patented polarized technology ensures binding by increasing the positive charges in Chlorotoxin up to five times which is why it transfers as a smart missile and targets only abnormal cells in the way – leaving healthy cells unharmed.}}

They also state Escozine is used by people with a wide variety of diseases with a wide variety of causes, including arthritis, Alzheimer's, HIV, HPV and cancer.

==Evidence==
As a dilute mulitvitamin and multimineral, there is no evidence Escozine can help an any way with any of the things it is claimed to help with.<ref>https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/scorpion-venom</ref>  There is a body of  studies that support chlorotoxin as a chemotherapeutic agent<ref>http://www.jbc.org/content/278/6/4135.short</ref> and capable of 'painting' tumors to show better on imaging studies<ref>http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/67/14/6882.short</ref>, but as chlorotoxin is not contained in Escozine this is a moot point.

At least Medolife recommends the users of Escozine to not stop using conventional treatments.

==External links==
*[https://medolife-escozine.ru/ Escozine website (in Russian)]
*[http://www.medolife.com/ Website of Medolife]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Cancer woo]]

Categories: Cancer woo
Essene Gospel of Peace

{{foodnav}}
The '''Essene Gospel of Peace''' is 
an ancient tome filled with arcane secrets found deep in the vaults of the [[Vatican]] Library
 health woo [[bullshit]] written by {{wpl|Edmond Bordeaux Szekely}} and published in 1928.  In it, [[Jesus]] tells his disciples to eat [[raw foodism|raw vegetables]], take frequent [[colonics|enemas]] to [[cleanse]] the colon, and [[Vegetarianism|not to eat meat]].

If you haven't figured it out already, it's a [[hoax]] just like every other set of religious scriptures that claim divine authorship (such as the [[Holy Bible]]). People are still buying the hoax almost 90 years later, even though the Vatican has denied Szekely ever visited its library or that the manuscripts he cited ever existed. Another claimed source was a manuscript in the monastery of Monte Cassino, [[Italy]], conveniently destroyed in [[World War Two]].

Several sequels have since been published, also claiming to have been translated from gen-yu-ine first century texts. All of his sources appear to be as elusive as [[Joseph Smith]]'s golden plates.

Szekely was a writer, [[philosopher]] and [[psychologist]] of [[Hungarian]] descent who from the 1920s collaborated with [[Nobel laureate]] Romain Rolland on health [[woo]] projects (International Biogenic Society) &mdash; unfortunately Rolland's Nobel Prize was for literature, not medicine. In 1940 Szekely and his wife opened a health spa at Rancho La Puerta near San Diego, [[California]], which is still promoting a version of the [[paleo diet]].<ref>[http://www.tabletmag.com/jewish-life-and-religion/109747/bringing-spa-cuisine-home Bringing Spa Cuisine Home], Joan Nathan, The Tablet, August 22, 2012</ref> The spa's diet, which avoids processed carbohydrates and meat, in favour of fish and raw vegetables, is unsurprisingly good for weight loss. Their broccoli and pea guacamole sounds particularly suspicious.

==External links==
*[http://www.essene.com/GospelOfPeace/ Official crankery]
*[http://www.atlanteanconspiracy.com/2010/09/essene-gospel-of-peace.html More crankery]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|food woo}}{{foodbox}}
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Food woo promoters]]
[[Category:Hoaxes]]
[[Category:Scriptures]]

Categories: California, Food woo promoters, Hoaxes, Scriptures
Establishment Clause

{{hatnote|Not to be confused with the [[Santa Claus]]e.}}{{constnav}}{{Sources needed}}
{{cquote|Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof...|||The clause}}
The '''Establishment Clause''' is a clause in the [[First Amendment]] to the [[United States]] [[US Constitution|Constitution]] that states that the US [[Congress]] cannot establish a [[state religion]].  The [[Fourteenth Amendment]] has long been recognized as extending that limitation onto the legislatures of the individual states.

The Establishment Clause prevents government at any level from demonstrating any [[Theocracy|preferences toward religion]].  This means no preferences for a single religion, or for religion as opposed to secularism.<ref>The [[National Day of Prayer]] notwithstanding, though that's the grounds on which it's being challenged.</ref>  This is why [[government]] institutions (such as [[public school]]s) cannot support religious causes — or interfere with expression of religious sentiment by non-government authorities.

==Treatment by fundies==
There are, however, [[Religious Right|people]] who believe in a more literal interpretation of the Establishment Clause. They argue that the clause only prohibits Congress from establishing an official church, but that the government can openly favor one or more religions over others. The courts tend not to agree.

Others have gone so far as to claim that the authors of the Bill of Rights only wanted to prohibit the establishment of a particular ''sect of Christianity'' at the Federal level, at the expense of the others, and that the Founding Fathers always intended for the government to be non-denominationally [[Christian]].  These claims are based on some very [[Quote mining|strained readings of certain select letters and articles]] written by [[George Washington|Washington]]/[[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]]/[[Alexander Hamilton|Hamilton]] etc., and are directly contradicted by ''other'' letters and articles written by the same people.

==See also==
*[[The United States as a Christian nation]]
*[[Separation of church and state]]
*[[Commerce Clause]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|law}}
{{constitutionbox}}
Estelle Roberts

{{Psychic}}
'''Estelle Roberts''' {{lived|1889|1970}} was a British physical [[medium]] who dressed up as a [[spirit]].

Roberts claimed to materialize an [[Native American|Indian]] [[spirit guide]] called "Red Cloud" in her [[séances]]. The paranormal debunker Melvin Harris examined some photographs of Red Cloud and wrote that the face was the same as Roberts's and that she had dressed up in a feathered war-bonnet.<ref>Melvin Harris. (2003). ''Investigating the Unexplained: Psychic Detectives, the Amityville Horror-mongers, Jack the Ripper, and Other Mysteries of the Paranormal''. Prometheus Books. p. 21</ref> It's clear that Roberts and Red Cloud were one and the same;<ref group=note>[http://www.chrishobbs.com/psychic.jpg A photograph of Roberts] has the same face as [https://web.archive.org/web/20120310143813/http://website.lineone.net/~enlightenment/redcloud.jpg "Red Cloud"].</ref> however [[spiritualist]] [[cranks]] who refuse to accept any evidence of fraud such as [[Michael Prescott]] and [[Michael E. Tymn]] claim that Red Cloud was a real spirit.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111105053407/http://whitecrowbooks.com/michaeltymn/entry/why_red_indians_so_often_control_mediums/ Michael E. Tymn's spiritualist woo]</ref>

Red Cloud (Roberts) also made false [[prediction]]s, such as claiming that [[World War II]] was not going to break out and that there was going to be peace. As Roberts was a fraud who would dress up as the spirit during her séances, it's no surprise that she refused to allow any psychical researchers or scientists to attend them.

==Publications==
*''Forty Years a Medium'' (1960)
*''Red Cloud Speaks'' (1938)

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References== 
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roberts, Estelle}}
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Native American woo]]
[[Category:Paranormal]]
[[Category:Psychics]]

Categories: British people, Native American woo, Paranormal, Psychics
Ether

{{fork}}
*'''[[Ether (chemistry)]]''':  A functional group in organic chemistry, often used as a part anesthetic and often very volatile and flammible.
*'''[[Luminiferous aether]]''':  Also known as ''the'' aether or ether.  Originally theorised as the material that composed the universe.  The existence of the luminiferous aether was disproved by the [[Michelson-Morley experiment]] in 1887.
*'''Ether (classical element)''':  Originating with Aristotle, aether was "quintessence" or "essence" and was a pure, fifth heavenly element which the gods breathed.
*'''Aether (mythology)''':   The personification (i.e., an "elemental god") of the upper sky, space and heaven.  The aether of 19th century physics and the classical element is named after this god.
*'''[[Ethereum]]''', a type of [[cryptocurrency]]
*'''Ethernet''', a medium-access protocol sublayer named after the luminiferous aether.
Ether (chemistry)

{{Chemistry}}{{expand}}
{{hatnote|For other uses of the term ether (and aether), see the fork page [[ether]]}}
In [[chemistry]], '''ether''' is a set of [[organic]] compounds containing an [[oxygen]] atom surrounded by 2 hydrocarbon chains (alkyl) or aromatic rings (aryl).

==Ether==
A common ether is diethyl ether (CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-O-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub>), which is commonly known as, well, ether.  It was used as an anesthetic in the past, and can be used for solvent abuse, as depicted for example in one of the scenes from [[Hunter S. Thompson]]'s ''Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas'', and its movie adaptation.  It can be used as a solvent in the manufacture of freebase [[cocaine]]. Its high volatility makes it a great solvent for synthetic chemistry as it can be removed with ''very'' little effort. However, this volatility does mean that bottles of it can be ignited from a considerable distance, generating a fireball that can easily fill a room.<ref group=note>See kids, [[chemistry]] is FUN!!</ref> You can, in fact, see the haze above the bottle as it just vaporizes at room temperature. Also, it has a nasty tendency to react with oxygen from the atmosphere to form ether peroxides, which are highly sensitive explosives.

==Urban legend==
Chemical ether sometimes appears in an urban legend about "perfume sellers".<ref>[http://urbanlegends.about.com/od/crime/a/perfume_scam.htm About.com; Urban Legends - Perfume Scam]</ref> In the legend, a perfume seller offers a strip, supposedly soaked in perfume as is usually the standard practice for testing such a thing. On smelling it, the victim is knocked unconscious and robbed or raped or possibly worse. Although sometimes the chemical is replaced with chloroform (another well-known anesthetic from days of yore), the events as described are impossible. These substances are certainly not strong enough to render someone unconscious this quickly and with this small an amount; indeed, if they were, the person offering the perfume strip would be wearing heavy gloves and gas mask to protect themselves.

Movies have tended to show that the human body can be rendered unconscious easily; a quick punch to the face or pistol-whip to the back (or [[Star Trek|pinch to the shoulder]]) has people out for hours. But as anyone who has ever banged their head or fallen down can attest to, it takes quite a bit of force, often repeated hits, to knock you out<ref group=note>Kids, do '''''NOT''''' try this at home.</ref>. Similarly, chloroform and ether need to be used in relatively large quantities, and held near to or over the mouth for a much longer time than is ever portrayed in the movies in order to have an effect.<ref>[http://www.snopes.com/crime/warnings/perfume.asp Snopes.com - Snatch & Sniff]</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Chemicals]]
[[Category:Myths and legends]]

Categories: Chemicals, Myths and legends
Ethical Culture movement

{{atheism}}{{Sources needed}}
The '''Ethical Culture movement''' is a non-theistic movement which seeks to promote ethics independently of theology or [[woo]]. In the 18th Century the Conway Hall Ethical Society was established, making it the oldest such existing establishment in the world. It was founded by [[Felix Adler]], an American former rabbi-in-training in the 19th century who offered only one sermon before realizing that his synagogue wouldn't take too kindly to all that "atheist" talk.

Modeled somewhat after traditional independent church/synagogue structures with leaders, the Ethical Culture movement had an upshoot in growth for a few decades from the 1880s to 1920s, with Ethical Societies being established in North America and Europe. It declined in popularity soon afterward, but the British movement was the incubator of what became known as the [[British Humanist Association]]. Ethical Societies still continue to persist to this day, with many being concentrated in New York; the current federation of Ethical Societies in the United States is known as the American Ethical Union, which was a founding organization of the [[International Humanist and Ethical Union]].

==Specifics==
The Ethical Culture movement does not explicitly refer to itself as an "atheist" or even "humanist" movement, and it only concentrates on theology-agnostic ethics, or divorcing the theistic association between being a theist and being a good person. In this way, the Ethical Culture movement is very often compared with the [[Unitarian Universalism|UUs]] in not caring about your beliefs or lack thereof.

Nevertheless, numerous members identify as atheists, agnostics or humanists, and individuals such as [[Sam Harris]] have spoken at Ethical Society events.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCS1twX2i6s&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL Sam Harris: lecture on religious faith - Part 01]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Society for Humanistic Judaism]], founded in the 1960s by Rabbi Sherwin Wine

==External links==
*[http://www.aeu.org American Ethical Union]

==References==
{{reflist}}
__NOTOC__
[[Category:Atheist groups]]

Categories: Atheist groups