Transgender glossary

{{sources needed}}[[File:Transgender Pride flag.svg|165px|thumb|right|Transgender pride flag.]]{{gender}}{{TOC right}}
:''You may also be looking for the [[LGBTQ orientation glossary]] and/or [[TERF glossary]].''
This glossary documents the more common terms of art and neologisms used by [[transgender]] people.

A few slurs are included here, so note that slurs can act as both a sword against or a shield used by marginalized communities. Like the [[African American]] verbal game, {{wpl|Dozens (game)|"The Dozens"|,}} LGBT slang was used a shield to toughen up individuals within the community against a harsh and difficult outside world.<ref name=rodgers>''Gay Talk: A (Sometimes Outrageous) Dictionary of Gay Slang'' by Bruce Rodgers (1972) Paragon Books. ISBN 0399503927.</ref> After the 1969 Stonewall riots,{{efn|Trans women and {{sl|drag queens}} played a major role in the riots that led to the gay liberation movement.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2019/06/12/transgender-women-heart-stonewall-riots-are-getting-statue-new-york/ The transgender women at Stonewall were pushed out of the gay rights movement. Now they are getting a statue in New York. The monument honoring Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera will be the first of its kind in the world] by Gillian Brockell (June 12, 2019) ''The Washington Post''.</ref>}} the LGBT community has gradually gone from marginalization to mainstream, and the continued use of slurs within the community nowadays would be perceived as self-hatred rather than 'toughening up'.

==Terms==
===AFAB / AMAB / AGAB===
See {{sl|Sex assignment at birth}}

===Androgyny===
{{wpl|Androgyny}} is gender ambiguity.

===Baby trans===
A trans person who has recently discovered that they're trans. It may also refer to a trans minor. An analogous term, "{{wiktl|baby gay||",}} sees some usage in the gay community.

===Baeddel===
A trans woman who is aware/knowledgeable about issues of [[transmisogyny]] (even within the trans community).
Reclaimed from Old English "bæddel" (feminine male, hermaphrodite) and likely etymology of the word "bad".

===Boymode===
{{hatnote|Alternative forms: manmode, guymode, etc.}}
{{hatnote|Also see [[Transgender glossary#Girlmode|Girlmode]].}}
When a trans person presents as male.

Boymoding does not imply anything about a person's gender identity, or assigned gender at birth. People of any gender may choose to boymode. For example, a trans woman might choose to present as male, at least part of the time, to avoid harassment, job loss, or abuse.

===Breast binding / Chest binding===
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: Binding}}
{{hatnote|Also see [[Transgender glossary#Tucking|Tucking]].}}
When a person uses a {{wpl|Breast binding|binder}} to hide their breasts or make them less noticeable.

===CAFAB / CAMAB / CAGAB===
{{hatnote|Also see [[Transgender glossary#Sex assignment at birth|Transgender glossary § Sex assignment at birth]].}}
An abbreviation of the phrases ''coercively assigned female/male at birth'', a variation on {{sl|AFAB / AMAB / AGAB}} which conveys the view that gender assignment is  arbitrary but still strictly enforced.

===Chaser / trans chaser===
{{hatnote|{{wpa|Attraction to transgender people}}}}
A person who seeks to date trans persons solely because they are trans, particularly in a fetishistic and dehumanizing manner.<ref name=transchaser>[http://www.slate.com/blogs/outward/2014/10/02/trans_chasers_exploitive_admirers_who_harass_trans_people.html Beware the Chasers: “Admirers” Who Harass Trans People] by Christin Scarlett Milloy (Oct 02, 20149:36 AM) ''Slate''.</ref> A now very rare term with the same meaning is {{wiktl|transfan}}. The term {{wiktl|skoliosexual}} also means something similar, though it's less derogatory.

===Chestfeeding===
Chestfeeding is a more inclusive alternative to the term "breastfeeding." Since breasts become gendered, to say "breastfeeding" automatically suggests womanhood. Chests, however, do not, according to society, necessarily presuppose a gender, thus to say one ''chest''feeds is to ensure there is a higher likelihood of preventing another person from automatically gendering the nursing parent. Chestfeeding is a term, thus, that seeks to indicate acknowledgment of and support for trans and non-binary people.

===Chicks with dicks===
A slur used to describe trans women without {{sl|SRS}}. It is a common term in the pornography industry.

===Cisgender===
{{hatnote|Alternative form: "cissexual", as a counterpart to {{sl|transsexual}}.}}
A [[cisgender]] person is a someone whose [[gender identity]] matches their [[assigned sex at birth]], {{IdEst}} someone who is not transgender or nonbinary. Compare: {{sl|dyadic}}.

===Clocking===
"Being clocked" means being read as your assigned sex or as transgender, when trying to [[Transgender glossary#Passing|pass]] e.g. "He clocked me as trans, despite me being in [[Transgender glossary#Girlmode|girlmode]]".

"Clocky" is sometimes used to mean "a person likely to be clocked," or "a person who is visibly gender-nonconforming."

===Closeted===
See: [[LGBTQ orientation glossary#Closeted|LGBTQ orientation glossary § Closeted]]

===Coming out===
See: [[LGBTQ orientation glossary#Coming out|LGBTQ orientation glossary § Coming out]]

===Cross-dresser / Transvestite===
{{main|Cross-dresser}}
Someone who likes to dress up as the opposite sex. Both terms are mostly used to imply that trans people are perverts. However, some cisgender individuals do cross-dress without any malice and it is fine to refer to them specifically as cross-dressers. In the early 1900s, the term "transvestite" was sometimes used to refer to transgender people, and more exactly "extreme transvestites" or "total transvestites" were used at that time by Magnus Hirschfeld to distinguish them from others under the same label.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sutton |first=Katie |date=2012 |title="We Too Deserve a Place in the Sun": The Politics of Transvestite Identity in Weimar Germany |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23269669 |journal=German Studies Review |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=348 |doi=10.1353/gsr.2012.a478043}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paragraph 175 and the Nazi Campaign against Homosexuality |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/paragraph-175-and-the-nazi-campaign-against-homosexuality |access-date=March 12, 2023 |website=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|quote=Not everyone arrested under Paragraph 175 identified as a man. During the German Empire and the Weimar Republic, Germany was home to a developing community of people who identified as 'transvestites.' … Initially, this term encompassed people who performed in drag, people who cross-dressed for pleasure, as well as those who today might identify as trans or transgender.}}</ref> Such usage already would have been considered antiquated by about mid-century, as the term ''{{sl|transsexual}}'' took its place.

===Cross-sex hormone therapy===
See {{sl|Transgender hormone therapy}}

===Deadnaming===
{{hatnote|See also [[Transphobia#Misgendering_and_deadnaming|Transphobia § Misgendering and deadnaming]]}}
The offensive act of using the name a trans person's used prior to transitioning, whether in social contexts, official documents, media/online, or explicitly as an attack on a trans person.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/08/14/laverne-cox-lambastes-deadnaming-what-is-it-and-why-is-it-a-problem/ Laverne Cox lambastes ‘deadnaming.’ What is it and why is it a problem?] by Allyson Chiu (August 14, 2018) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> While it might sometimes happen accidentally among friends/relatives, it is considered harmful and demeaning because it can be a rejection of a person's identity as trans and an attack on their attempt to transition and the reality of their gender identification.<ref>[https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender/deadnaming#government--issued-ids What Is Deadnaming?], Healthline</ref>

===Degendering===
The act of purposely referring to a binary transgender person with only neutral terms. Harmful, as it perpetuates the ideas that trans people are not fully their gender and that correct gendering is a privilege to be taken away whenever one feels like it.

===Desistance===

A term used to describe individuals who experience gender dysphoria but then do not transition, usually desistance is used more when talking about studies involving gender dysphoria in children. Similar to detransition, rates are low.<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/07/desistance/564560/ The Atlantic, Desistance is a loaded word.]</ref>

===Detransition===
{{wpl|Detransition|Detransitioning}} is the cessation or reversal of a transgender identification or gender transition.

{{anchor|drag queen}}
===Drag queen/king===
A drag queen is (usually) a man who dresses as a women often in elaborate costume and makeup for performance. It is a theatrical tradition common in gay clubs and other venues, that often includes dancing, lip syncing, live singing, and "reading" (humorously putting down) other performers and audience members.<ref>{{wpa|Drag queen}}</ref> A drag king is a woman dressed as a stereotypical man, often with facial hair, leather or formal suits, and fake penises (packing).<ref>[https://www.salon.com/2003/06/23/drag_kings/ The beard, the breasts and the bulge], Salon, 23 Jun 2003</ref> Although often done by LGBTQ people, drag artists are not necessarily transgender and many performers are cis or non-binary when offstage.

===Dyadic===
Anyone that isn't {{sl|intersex}}. Synonym: {{sl|Endosex}}.

===Endosex===
Anyone that isn't {{sl|intersex}}. Synonym: {{sl|Dyadic}}.

===Egg===
A transgender person before such person recognizes themselves as trans or who is about to recognize themselves as trans.<ref name=egg>[https://www.reddit.com/r/asktransgender/comments/7l0ljo/what_cracked_your_shell/ What cracked your shell?] (c. 2018) ''Reddit''.</ref>

===Enby===
A slang abbreviation of {{sl|non-binary}}; can be used as a noun (e.g. "an enby", or "some enbies"). Some non-binary people don't like the term, considering it overly "cutesy", while others do like it or at least find it useful.

===Femme===
Short for feminine. Also French word meaning "woman". Sometimes written "fem".

===Gatekeeping===
{{see_also|Transphobia#Gatekeeping|Gatekeeping}}
The lengthy process of obtaining access to [[Hormone_replacement_therapy|HRT]] medication that might be more or less influenced by the belief of some medical professionals that a person "[[No True Scotsman|is not truly trans]]" because they don't fit some specific sexist stereotypes, or they have a sexual orientation towards the "wrong" gender.

===Gender dysphoria===
{{wpr|Gender dysphoria}} is the state of dysphoria (displeasure, disapproval) one feels from not conforming to their identified gender. It also occurs when a trans person is identified with the wrong pronoun.

===Gender euphoria===
The state of euphoria (pleasure, approval) one feels from being affirmed in their gender identity.

===Gender identity===
"Gender identity" typically refers to one of two things: someone's outwardly stated and expressed gender, or else one's internal sense of their own gender (whether explicitly expressed or not). As for the latter usage, some evidence suggests it could be partly innate for some people (see: [[Transgender#As an inborn characteristic|Transgender § As an inborn characteristic]]).

===Gender nonconforming===
To be gender nonconforming (or GNC) is to have an outward gender expression that doesn't conform to society's gender roles. Trans people may be GNC, and GNC trans people may receive more scorn than other trans people, but not all people exhibiting gender nonconformity are trans.

===Girlmode===
{{hatnote|Also see [[Transgender glossary#Boymode|Boymode]].}}
When a trans person presents as female.

Girlmoding does not imply anything about a person's gender identity, or assigned gender at birth. People of any gender may choose to girlmode. For example, a non-binary person assigned female at birth might choose to present as binary female, at least part of the time, to avoid harassment, job loss, or abuse.

===Hormone replacement therapy===
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: HRT}}
{{main|Hormone replacement therapy}}
See {{sl|drugs}} section, below.

===Intersex===
{{main|Intersex}}
Intersex refers to any biological ambiguity of an animal or human's sex from "chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, or genitals". It is possible to be both intersex and transgender. In fact, it appears like the occurrence of transgender identity, nonbinary identity, and/or gender dysphoria may be several times higher in intersex populations than the general population.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Furtado P. S.| year = 2012 | title = Gender dysphoria associated with disorders of sex development | journal = Nat. Rev. Urol. | volume = 9 | issue = 11| pages = 620–627 | doi = 10.1038/nrurol.2012.182 | pmid = 23045263}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thetrevorproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Intersex-Youth-Mental-Health-Report.pdf | title = The Mental Health and Well-being of LGBTQ Youth who are Intersex | work = The Trevor Project | date = 2021}}</ref> (Though, considering the rarity of either population, this could be somewhat difficult to reliably study.)

===It/its/itself===
Third person singular pronouns typically used to refer to non-human animals and inanimate objects, and in more recent times often used to mock trans people. However, some people in the trans and/or non-binary community might use these pronouns. This pronoun was more commonly used within the LGBT community in pre-Stonewall days.<ref name=rodgers/>{{rp|114}}

===Masc===
Contraction of the word "masculine".

===Monosexual===
The term monosexual refers to sexual orientations that involve sexual attraction towards one gender, in contrast to [[bisexual]] or [[pansexual]].

===Packing===
Packing is the practice of making a bulge in one's groin to emphasize one's masculinity and relieve body dysphoria for transmasculine people. Packers run the gamut from wadded-up socks to realistic silicone likenesses of genitalia.

===Passing===
"Passing" is when a trans person is assumed or perceived to be cis, or their preferred gender. "Passing" is reliant on many different factors and it is not possible for all trans people to always pass at the expense of [[Gender_transition#Surgery_and_other_procedures|affirmation surgery]] and hormones, as well as document changes, and the difficulty of making a clean break from pre-transition life. Because of this, passing is often conditional or temporary.

===Polysexual===
The term polysexual refers to sexual orientations that involve sexual attraction towards multiple genders.

===Pooner===
A term originating on [[4chan|4chan’s]] /lgbt/ (aka /tttt/ whose users are mostly trans women and retain many characteristics of 4chan’s general userbase such as referring to themselves with slurs and making suicide jokes) for a stereotypical trans man who behaves extremely femininely. It has also been co-opted by transphobes who target trans men.

===Prosecco Stormfront===
A nick name for [[Mumsnet]], because of its central role in the promotion of transphobia in the United Kingdom among middle class white cis women. Named for the [[Stormfront|neo-Nazi website]] and a stereotype of {{wpl|prosecco}} drinkers as (a certain type of) woman.<ref>[https://www.dailyedge.ie/things-women-who-love-prosecco-get-2470379-Nov2015/ 13 things every woman who loves prosecco knows to be true], Daily Edge, Nov 27, 2015</ref>

===Real-life experience===
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: RLE}}
The experience of living for a period of time while openly expressing oneself as the gender one wishes to become. In many places (e.g. [[Germany]]), undergoing this experience is/was a requirement prior to receiving access to {{sl|hormone replacement therapy}}. It's considered a form of {{sl|gatekeeping}}, and is also flawed for the way it often enforces stereotypical gender roles even though someone (even a transgender person) may prefer to express themselves in various gender non-conforming ways.

===🛡️ / ⚔️ / ⚡===
The shield emoji (🛡️) is commonly used to signal opposition to [[transmedicalism]]. On the other hand, the crossed-swords (⚔️) and lightning bolt (⚡) emojis are used as [[truscum]] dogwhistles. The swords emoji originated from [[Kalvin Garrah]], who is now inactive but formerly called his fans the "cis knights"<ref>[https://youtube.fandom.com/wiki/Kalvin_Garrah Kalvin Garrah] ''Wikitubia''.</ref> while the lightning bolts originate from a former transmedicalist named Storm Ryan.

===Sex assignment at birth===
{{main|Sex assignment at birth}}
Sex assignment at [[birth]] refers to the [[sex]] that an observer declares the baby to be shortly after birth. The doctor (or midwife, or whoever else is present) examines the infant and declares "It's a boy!" if a [[penis]] is present or "It's a girl!" if a [[vulva]] is present. In the case of certain [[intersex]] conditions, one may not be able to make that call, as the genitalia of the infant may be ambiguous.

A breakdown of the terms and abbreviations involved:
*AFAB: Assigned Female At Birth
*AMAB: Assigned Male At Birth
*AGAB: Assigned Gender At Birth

The terms "AMAB" or "AFAB" are generally preferred over the terms "female-bodied/male bodied" or "anatomically male/anatomically female", or "biologically male/biologically female", as these terms automatically assign a [[gender]] to certain body parts, and do not take into account the possibility that the individual in question may have undergone surgery to change their genitals. "Genetic male" or "genetic female" are also incorrect terms, as certain intersex conditions can be caused by having a XY {{wpl|karyotype}} (combination of [[chromosome]]s) but be born with a vulva/uterus, or have XX karyotype and be born with a penis/testicles. For further information on some intersex conditions: {{wpl|XY gonadal dysgenesis|XY gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome)}}, {{wpl|XX male syndrome|XX male syndrome (De la Chapelle syndrome)}}, {{wpl|XXY male|XXY male (Klinefelter syndrome)|.}}

===Shemale===
A slur used to insult trans women. It is a common term in the pornography industry. The term was controversially used by {{sl|drag queen}} RuPaul.<ref>[https://slate.com/human-interest/2014/03/rupauls-drag-race-and-transphobia-why-the-shemale-game-was-offensive.html ''RuPaul’s Drag Race'' Crosses the Line with “Female or Shemale”] by Rafi D'Angelo (March 19, 20144:16 PM) ''Slate''.</ref>

===Stealth===
"Going stealth" means living like one's preferred gender completely with nobody (or almost nobody) knowing one is trans. In effect, nobody knows or sees them as anything but a cisgender person. This may include breaking contact with most or all pre-transition relatives and friends. Stealth is not possible for all trans people since it requires being able to [[Transgender glossary#Passing|pass]] completely.

Woodworking is a somewhat dated term for cutting off all contact with anybody who knew a trans person by their [[Transgender_glossary#Sex_assignment_at_birth|assigned gender at birth]], relocating to a new area, and going fully stealth. Until the 1990s, health care professionals often assumed this should be the end goal of any [[gender transition]]. Trans people were sometimes pressured to disassociate from friends, family, and professional contacts even if they did not wish to do so, under threat of being deemed [[Transphobia#Gatekeeping|not trans enough to receive health care]].

Today, some individuals view "going stealth" as a tactic to avoid anti-trans [[discrimination]]. Though, this comes with certain social trade-offs even if somebody finds it achievable, such as relative isolation from the wider trans community, and a general lack of real-world personal support regarding trans-related experiences. The disadvantages are also obvious to cutting ties to old friends and relatives one had a positive relationship with.

===T4T===
"Trans for trans," describing a romantic or sexual relationship between two trans people. It can also describe a trans person who prefers relationships with other trans people.

===T-boy/T-girl===
A trans man/boy or trans woman/girl, respectively. Not inherently derogatory, but these terms are primarily used in the context of sex and/or pornography, so using it to refer to a random trans person will come across as very creepy.

===TERF Island===
A half-[[sarcasm|sarcastic]] nickname for the United Kingdom, due to its overwhelming and widespread transphobia in news media, entertainment, and politics, especially of the [[TERF]] kind (unlike the US, where transphobia is instead almost entirely a component of the conservative political agenda).<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/07/opinion/terf-trans-women-britain.html "How British Feminism Became Anti-Trans"], ''New York Times''</ref> Some polling by ''Ipsos'' suggests attitudes towards transgender people among the general population of the UK are similar to that of the general population of the US, if not in fact slightly more positive;<ref>(January 2018). [https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2018-01/ipsos_report-transgender_global_data-2018.pdf "Global Attitudes Toward Transgender People"]. ''Ipsos''.</ref><ref>Park, Flores, and Brown (December 2016). [https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/trans-rights-23-country-survey/ "Public Support for Transgender Rights: A 23 Country Survey"]. ''The Williams Institute'' at UCLA School of Law.</ref><ref>[https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2023-05/Ipsos%20LGBT%2B%20Pride%202023%20Global%20Survey%20Report%20-%20rev.pdf "LGBT+ Pride 2023 global survey"]. ''Ipsos''.</ref>{{rp|35–39}} this may suggest any unique issue (in comparison to the US) is moreso confined to the British ''intelligentsia''.

===Trans-agnostic reactionary liberal===
Trans-agnostic reactionary liberal, or TARL, is a term coined by American writer Andrea Long Chu in her 2024 essay "Freedom of Sex" referring to a third faction of the "anti-trans bloc in America today" in addition the religious right and [[TERFs]]. Chu named ''[[The New York Times]]'' the "leading voice" for this faction, as well as ''The Atlantic'' and ''[[The Economist]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chu |first=Andrea Long |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Freedom of Sex |url=https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/trans-rights-biological-sex-gender-judith-butler.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321155416/https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/trans-rights-biological-sex-gender-judith-butler.html |archive-date=March 21, 2024 |access-date=March 22, 2024 |work=New York Magazine}}</ref>

===Trans broken arm syndrome===
{{See also|Post hoc, ergo propter hoc}}
Trans broken arm syndrome is the sarcastic and often-hyperbolic title given to scenarios where someone (usually, but evidently not always,<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/US/fast-food-workers-strike-alleging-inadequate-coronavirus-protection/story?id=71795057 "Fast-food workers strike, alleging inadequate coronavirus protection in the workplace"]. ''ABC News''. Quote: "The protests came just days after a Santa Monica Burger King worker died after displaying symptoms of coronavirus, advocacy groups said, citing accounts from the victim's co-workers. The woman, Angela Martinez Gomez, worked her shifts for at least a week while exhibiting symptoms — which included coughing and nausea, according to a complaint filed on her behalf — but managers allegedly brushed off her symptoms, saying they were probably just side-effects of her hormone injections. Gomez, who is transgender, died on July 6."</ref><ref>Kate Sosin (July 13, 2020). [https://www.them.us/story/trans-burger-king-workers-covid-death-blamed-on-hormones "Burger King Manager Reportedly Blamed Trans Worker's COVID Death on Hormones"]. ''Them''.</ref> a doctor) automatically assumes a trans person's ailment is caused by their gender transition, even if this is excessively unlikely or there is otherwise no rational basis to believe it (such as with a broken arm). This is considered a type of medical discrimination.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wall |first=Catherine S. J. |last2=Patev |first2=Alison J. |last3=Benotsch |first3=Eric G. |date=2023 |title=Trans broken arm syndrome: A mixed-methods exploration of gender-related medical misattribution and invasive questioning |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36736052/ |journal=Social Science & Medicine |volume=320 |pages=115748 |doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115748 |issn=1873-5347 |pmid=36736052}}</ref> This might not stem from mean-spiritedness on the part of the doctor, but may indicate ignorance of transgender medicine.

===Trans-inclusionary radical feminism===
A trans-inclusionary radical feminist, or TIRF, is a [[radical feminist]] who is inclusive towards transgender people, and (crucially in some distinctions) transgender women. The phrases "TIRF" and "[[TERF]]" were actually coined by a TIRF in order to distinguish her own beliefs from those of TERFs, who are exclusionary towards transgender people and particularly transgender women. Some transgender people may self-identify as TIRFs as well. One prominent trans-inclusionary radical feminist who is cisgender would be {{wpl|Catharine A. MacKinnon||,}} who was previously an associate of the late [[Andrea Dworkin]].

===Trans joy===
Trans joy describes a range of positive emotions stemming from one's own transness and from interaction with the trans community. The phrase is sometimes used to describe more optimistic or positive elements of being trans, so the public conversation around transness isn't entirely centered on trans inequality.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Westbrook |first=Laurel |last2=Shuster |first2=Stef M. |date=2023-11-01 |title=Transgender Joy: Flipping the Script of Marginality |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15365042231210824 |journal=Contexts |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=16–21 |doi=10.1177/15365042231210824 |issn=1536-5042}}</ref> Distinct from but comparable to {{sl|gender euphoria}} and gay pride.

===Tranny===
A derogatory and offensive term for a transgender person.<ref>[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tranny Tranny Definition], Merriam-Webster dictionary, accesssed September 29, 2022</ref> Usually used to attack trans women. In the past, this term has been used within the transgender community, e.g., the "Tranny Fest" film festival, which has since been renamed the "San Francisco Transgender Film Festival",<ref>{{wpa|San Francisco Transgender Film Festival}}</ref> and Trannyshack, which was renamed to Mother.<ref>[https://datebook.sfchronicle.com/theater/sf-drag-legend-heklina-bids-adieu-to-the-mother-of-all-shows SF drag legend Heklina bids adieu to the ‘Mother’ of all shows] by Zack Ruskin (February 5, 2020) ''SF Chronicle''.</ref>

===Transbian===
A contraction of "trans [[lesbian]]", that is, a {{sl|trans woman / MtF}} attracted to women. Preference for certain terms varies between individuals, so some may prefer "trans lesbian" over "transbian", or vice versa. Some may prefer to simply say "lesbian" without anything in addition.

===Transfeminism / transfeminist===
{{hatnote|Alternate spelling: trans feminism / trans feminist}}
{{wpl|Transfeminism}} is a sub-branch of [[feminism]]; it cuts across different schools of [[feminism]] and could include {{sl|trans-inclusionary radical feminism}}. It focuses on issues especially affecting transgender people, such as [[transmisogyny]], through a lens informed by feminist theory.

===Transfundamentalism===
A longer word for [[#Truscum|truscum]]: those who seek to divide trans people into "real" and "fake/wannabe".

===Transgender===
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: trans, or less commonly, TG}}
An umbrella term for people whose gender identity isn't the one typical of their sex assigned at birth.

===Transgenderism===
{{See also|Gender ideology}}
Outdated term for "being transgender", today primarily used by transphobes to imply that being transgender is a political ideology (or product of one) rather than a state of being.

===Transgender hormone therapy===
{{wpl|Transgender hormone therapy}} is hormone replacement therapy meant to bring a trans person's secondary sexual characteristics closer to their true gender.

===Transition===
{{wpl|Transitioning (transgender)|Transitioning}} is process where a trans person changes their gender presentation over time. It may or may not involve doing HRT.

===Transmedicalism===
{{main|Transmedicalism}}
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: transmed}}
Those who believe trans people must seek medical intervention and/or that only people medically diagnosed with [[gender dysphoria]] are "really" trans.

===Transmisogynoir===
{{main|Transmisogyny|3=Misogynoir}}
Discrimination or prejudice towards black transgender women.

===Transmisogyny===
{{main|Transmisogyny}}
Discrimination or prejudice towards transgender women.

===Transmisogyny-affected (TMA)===
{{main|Transmisogyny}}
A term for transfeminine people, that highlights how many aspects of transphobia (including anti-nonbinary sentiment) uniquely affect trans people who were assigned male at birth (as opposed to cis people and transmasculine/non-binary AFAB people).

===Transmisogyny-exempt (TME)===
{{main|Transmisogyny}}
A term for people not affected by transmisogyny: cis people of all genders, trans men/transmasculine people, AFAB enbies.

===Transnormativity===
The term "transnormativity" can mean two distinct things:
*The normalization of the idea that there is inherent diversity in the experience of being trans
*The idea that there is only one, normative way to be trans: to pass completely as the opposite binary gender

===Transsexual===
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: TS}}
A term for trans people who specifically undergo [[Hormone replacement therapy|HRT]] and [[Sex reassignment surgery|SRS]], or seek to do so. The "-sexual" suffix is used here more like it is in the term ''{{wiktl|intersexual}}'' (i.e. referring to sex such as in [[intersex]]) than in ''homosexual'' (which refers rather to sexuality). A shift towards instead using the broader term "'''transgender'''" took place around the 1990s onward, especially "as a collective organizing term".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Valentine |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VOv-kTqi8tsC&pg=PA147 |title=Imagining Transgender: An Ethnography of a Category |date=2007-08-30 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-9021-3 |pages=147–148 |language=en}}</ref> Some people continue to identify with the term "transsexual",<ref>(March 9, 2023). [https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/transgender-people-gender-identity-gender-expression "Understanding transgender people, gender identity and gender expression"]. ''American Psychological Association''.</ref> while others consider the term outdated or offensive; therefore, it's recommended to use it only if someone self-identifies with the term (or possibly in some other circumstances, e.g. quoting historical materials).<ref>[https://styleguide.transjournalists.org/#def-transsexual "Stylebook and Coverage Guide: transsexual (n., adj.)"]. ''Trans Journalists Association''.</ref> Among people who still self-identify as transsexual, there are those who were a part of the trans community when this was the common terminology and simply never changed theirs. There are also some who use it as a kind of [[dog whistle]] to signify exclusionary attitudes towards other types of trans people: {{sl|truscum}}, TERFs (of the [[Internalized discrimination|self-hating]] trans variety), or [[transmedicalism|transmedicalists]] may identify as "transsexual" to that end, for instance. There is nothing inherent about the term that lends itself to these scenarios, however, and some people may simply prefer the term to describe their own experiences.

===Trans bashing===
{{wpl|Trans bashing}} is verbally, physically or sexually abusing a trans person. 

===Trans panic defense===
{{main|1=Blaming the victim|3=Gay panic}}
{{quotebox|
{{wpr|Trans panic defense|Gay and trans "panic" defense}} tactics ask a jury to find that a victim's sexual orientation or gender identity is to blame for the defendant's excessively violent reaction.<ref name="lgbtbar">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140615095612/https://lgbtbar.org/what-we-do/programs/gay-and-trans-panic-defense/ Gay and Trans Panic Defense] ''The LGBT Bar'' (archived from June 15, 2014).</ref>
}}

===Trap===
The word trap is a piece of internet slang, that depending on usage may be regarded as a slur. 

The slang originates from the internet forum SomethingAwful, one of the earliest online anime communities, where in a discussion about the character Bridget from the fighting game franchise '' Guilty Gear'' (a trans girl character who was raised as a girl because of [[religious]] [[superstition]], but identified as a boy at the time, prior to ''-STRIVE-''), an administrator of the board responded with a reaction image of the character Admiral Ackbar from Star Wars Episode VI: The Return of  the Jedi saying "it's a trap", poking fun at the fact that the character is a [[cisgender]] male yet the forum posters (assumed at the time to consist largely of straight males) were being sexually interested in the character.{{fact}}

As a result, in anime communities, the word "trap" is nearly always used to describe cisgender male characters who dress in feminine clothing, but otherwise identify as male. ("Reverse trap" is used for the same, but for cisgender female characters who dress in masculine clothing). In [[Japan]], this is often associated with a subculture called ''otokonoko''. For many anime fans, the word does not carry negative connotations, and there is a genre in anime dedicated to these sorts of characters, with the same name.

When [[4chan]] was created after moot (the owner of 4chan) was banned from SomethingAwful, usage of the word was moved over to 4chan, along with the rest of the SomethingAwful subculture. On that site, it eventually was exploited by [[transphobes]] to insinuate that transgender women are trying to "trap" men into having [[sex]] with them.

Due to extensive hate mobs from 4chan users over the years, the word to many people outside of the anime community eventually became regarded as a slur. The word became controversial from 2016 onward, when anime itself entered mainstream popularity, and many transgender people who only experienced the word as a slur ended up clashing with older anime fans (some of whom are also transgender) who had largely missed the aforementioned hate mobs. Further complicating things is that for [[Cross-dressing|cross-dressers]], the word is also often used as a self-identification, which caused further clashing with transgender people.

The result is that at present, the term is subject to every opinion under the sun, ranging from the obviously [[Bad faith|bad-faith]] "it's never a slur" (largely pushed by [[transphobes]] who want to use the term against transgender women), to "it's only a slur if you use to refer to a real person who doesn't consent to being called that" (often used by older anime fans who don't want to let go of the term and don't regard it as a slur), to "it's always a slur" (used by people new to the fandom). All of these opinions, except for the first one, are also often held by transgender people.

In conclusion, the use of the term is a complicated one, and one should care to examine context behind its use to determine if it is being used in a transphobic way, if it is an anime fan discussing a character, or a cross-dresser using it to identify themself.

===Truscum===
A term (pronounced "true scum") used to describe transgender people who believe you need [[gender dysphoria]] to be transgender, at a base level, whether diagnosed by a doctor or not. People who fit with the Truscum ideology are often [[Transphobia|transphobic]] to those deemed "less trans" such as [[Non-binary gender|non-binary]] people, to transgender people who don't desire to undergo [[sex reassignment surgery]], or those who state they don't experience gender dysphoria. The term is derogatory in nature, but has been used as a self-description to those who are less open, or flat out opposed, to the highly inclusive nature of the transgender community. While the term has been used interchangeably with transfundamentalists or transmedicalists, those terms typically refer to those who have a desire to have some form of gatekeeping with achieving a medical diagnosis of gender dysphoria for obtaining Hormone Replacement Therapy and/or having surgeries (transmedicalist). Truscum people who are judging others based on their definition of what a "true" transgender person is, hence the term truscum (transfundamentalist). The more extreme of truscum views can be seen by many as in alignment with [[TERF|TERFs]] ideology, however, not all truscum people share this way of thinking.

===Tucking===
{{hatnote|Also see [[Transgender glossary#Breast binding|Breast binding]].}}
The act of hiding one's penis between their legs to appear to have a vagina. The act may result in negative health consequences, so it should be used with caution.<ref name=tucking>[https://www.buzzfeed.com/meredithtalusan/all-the-questions-you-had-about-tucking-but-were-afraid-to-a All The Questions You Had About Tucking, But Were Afraid To Ask: For many people, particularly trans women, tucking can be both necessary and life-affirming – but there's not a lot of information out there about how to do so safely. Here's what you need to get started.] by Meredith Talusan (Apr 2, 2016) ''Buzzfeed''.</ref>

===Tucute===
"{{wiktl|Tucute||"}} basically refers to people who aren't "{{sl|truscum}}" and don't prescribe to {{sl|transmedicalism}} or any even more extreme anti-trans beliefs. In essence, someone who has a positive approach to transgender people and defines "transgender" in a way that includes people both with and without {{sl|gender dysphoria}}, as well as transgender people who don't adhere to the gender stereotypes of their gender identity.

===Women-lite===
An ironic term used to criticize how the expression "(Women and) [[non-binary]] people" is often used (both in women's and in queer spaces) with the implicit expectation that "non-binary" means "women-lite", in the sense of a slightly androgynous AFAB enby person not on hormones. These implicit expectations harm people from both directions of the gender transition: transfeminine people (because they might fear [[TERF|transmisogyny]] from a women's space), and transmasculine people (because it can be seen as "women and people that we still see as women").

==Specific types==
===Agender===
Agender (meaning "without" or "a lack of" a "[[gender]]"; also genderless, non-gendered, ungendered<ref>{{cite web|title=LGBTQ Needs Assessment|url= http://encompassnetwork.org.uk/uploads/LGBTQ-Needs-Assesmentabsolutelyfinal.pdf|website=Encompass Network|accessdate=18 October 2014|pages=52–53|format=PDF|date= April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gender alphabet|url= http://www.safehomesma.org/gender_alphabet.pdf|website=Safe Homes|accessdate=18 October 2014|page=1|format=PDF}}</ref>) is a person who identifies as "having no gender" or "without gender identity".<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Autostaddle.com|author=A. Stiffler|title=Five Things You Should Know About Your Agender Acquaintance|date=23 April 2014|url=http://www.autostraddle.com/five-things-you-should-know-about-your-agender-acquaintance-230899/}}</ref> It may fall under the genderqueer or [[transgender]]<ref>{{cite web|author1=Johanna Schorn|title=Taking the "Sex" out of Transsexual: Representations of Trans Identities in Popular Media|url=http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/critical-issues/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/schornglpaper.pdf|website=Inter-Disciplinary.Net|publisher=Universität zu Köln|accessdate=23 October 2014|page=1|format=PDF|quote=The term transgender is an umbrella term “and generally refers to any and all kinds of variation from gender norms and expectations” (Stryker 19). Most often, the term transgender is used for someone who feels that the sex assigned to them at birth does not reflect their own gender identity. They may identify as the gender ‘opposite’ to their assigned gender, or they may feel that their gender identity is fluid, or they may reject all gender categorizations and identify as agender or genderqueer}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Marc E. Vargo|title=A Review of " Please select your gender: From the invention of hysteria to the democratizing of transgenderism "|journal=Journal of GLBT Family Studies|date=30 Nov 2011|volume=7|issue=5|page=2 (493)|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1550428X.2011.623982|accessdate=23 October 2014|publisher=Routledge|location=New York/London|format=PDF|issn=1550-4298|quote=up to three million U. S. citizens regard themselves as transgender, a term referring to those whose gender identities are at odds with their biological sex. The term is an expansive one, however, and may apply to other individuals as well, from the person whose behavior purposely and dramatically diverges from society’s traditional male/female roles to the “agender”, “bigender” or “third gender” person whose self-definition lies outside of the male/female binary altogether. In short, those counted under this term constitute a wide array of people who do not conform to, and may actively challenge, conventional gender norms.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Kirstin Cronn-Mills|title=Transgender Lives: Complex Stories, Complex Voices|date=2014|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=978-1-4677-4796-7|page=24|url= http://books.google.nl/books?id=dOUSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA24&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=23 October 2014|chapter=IV. Trans*spectrum. Identities|quote=Many different individuals fall under what experts call the trans* spectrum, or the trans* umbrella.“I'm trans*” and “I'm transgender” are ways these individuals might refer to themselves. But there are distinctions among different trans* identities. [...] Androgynous individuals may not identify with either side of the gender binary. Other individuals consider themselves agender, and they may feel they have no gender at all.}}</ref> (lit. being "[[Wiktionary:trans-#Prefix|beyond]] gender") umbrella. It is related to, and may overlap with the gender identity of neutrois, defined as either a neutral or neither gender, or sometimes no gender.<ref name="What is Neutrois">{{cite web|url=http://neutrois.com/what-is-neutrois/|title=What is Neutrois?|accessdate=February 21, 2014}}</ref>

===Bigender===
{{wpl|Bigender}} is a gender identity that consists of two genders.

===Demigender===
A nonbinary gender identity that identifies as being partially another gender. Demigender people may feel more associated with one gender than any other, but not enough to identify as said gender. Common demigenders include ''demigirl'', ''demiboy'', and ''demiflux'' (when a neutral gender is the preferred gender).

===''Faʻafafine''===
{{wpl|Faʻafafine}} is a gender identity in traditional Samoan culture, variously described as including transgender women, and/or bigender/third-gender AMAB people. One estimate states that between one and five percent of the Samoan population are faʻafafine.<ref>Yvette Tan (September 1, 2016). [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-37227803 "Miss Fa'afafine: Behind Samoa's 'third gender' beauty pageant"]. ''BBC News''.</ref>

===Genderfluid===
A gender identity that changes over time e.g. a gender-fluid person may be a boy on Mondays and a girl on Sundays.

===Genderqueer===
A [[Non-binary gender|genderqueer]] person is someone who doesn't fully identify on the gender binary (man or woman), but on a continuum between those two.

===''Hijra''===
A term for traditional [[third gender]] cultures in the Indian subcontinent,<ref>Nick Francis, Claudine Spera, Liz Ford, Jessica Edwards, and Speakit Films (September 3, 2015). [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/video/2015/sep/03/being-laxmi-narayan-tripathi-hijra-india-transgender-community-video "Being Laxmi: 'I belong to the hijra, the oldest transgender community' – video"]. ''The Guardian''.</ref><ref name="HijraWP"/> with a long history and increasing legal recognition as a separate gender; some are intersex or eunuchs but others are neither. There are many other names in different languages and cultures including ''Kinnar'' or ''Kinner'' in [[India]] and ''Khawaja Sira'' in [[Pakistan]].<ref name="HijraWP">{{wpa|Hijra (South Asia)}}</ref>

===''Kathoey'' (ladyboy)===
In [[Thailand]], ''kathoey'' (usually translated to English as 'ladyboy') is used to encompass trans women and effeminate gay men.

===Non-binary===
{{hatnote|Contraction (abbreviation): enby}}
{{main|Non-binary}}
See {{sl|genderqueer}}.

===Neutrois===
Neutrois is a gender identity that is neutral or null. Neutrois people may also describe themselves variously as genderless, neither [[male]] nor [[female]], or androgynous, or possibly agender,<ref name="What is Neutrois"/> the lack of a gender, a term with which there is a degree of overlap, although neutrois tends to cover a neutral gender identity, whereas agender tends to cover the lack of a gender.

===Transfeminine / Transfemme===
A catch-all word for people with a gender identity "more feminine" than that assigned at birth. This is inclusive of trans women and AMAB non-binary people, as well as intersex people assigned as such at birth who undergo transition. It covers far more than the term "MtF", and is independent of transition status. One can also talk of a "transfeminine transition" which can refer to any steps a transfeminine person may take in transitioning. The word is more of a direction than a state, hence why it can include such a large number of groups.

===Trans man / FtM===
A {{wpl|trans man}} is a person who identifies as male and was {{sl|AFAB}}. The term “FtM” has fallen out of favor in the trans community in recent years.{{fact}}

===Transmasculine / Transmasc===
A catch-all word for people with a gender identity "more masculine" than that assigned at birth. This is inclusive of trans men and AFAB non-binary people, as well as intersex people assigned as such at birth who undergo transition. It covers far more than the term "FtM", and is independent of transition status. One can also talk of a "transmasculine transition", which can refer to any steps a transmasculine person may take in transitioning. This word is directional in a similar manner as the word transfeminine. 

===Trans woman / MtF===
A {{wpl|trans woman}} is a person who identifies as female and was {{sl|AMAB}}. The term “MtF” has fallen out of favor in the trans community in recent years.<ref>[https://pflag.org/glossary PFLAG National Glossary of Terms] (Updated January 2021) ''PFLAG''.</ref>

===Trigender===
{{wpl|Trigender}} refers to a person who identifies as male, female, and {{sl|non-binary}}.

===Two-spirit===
{{wpl|Two-spirit}} is a term used by some Indigenous North American peoples to describe gender-variant people in their communities. Indigenous people often perceive the term as offensive cultural appropriation when used by people who are not of Indigenous heritage.

==Surgeries and similar procedures==
===Bottom surgery===
{{main|Gender transition}}
Refers to any surgery to transform the genitals, usually a {{wpl|vaginoplasty}} (for a {{sl|trans woman / MtF}}) or a {{wpl|phalloplasty||/}}{{wpl|metoidioplasty}} (for a {{sl|trans man / FtM}}). Also see: {{sl|top surgery}} and {{sl|sex reassignment surgery}}.

===Facial feminization surgery===
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: FFS}}
{{wpl|Facial feminization surgery}} is plastic surgery that makes faces more feminine. This procedure aims to emphasize the somatic traits of women including (but not limited to): hairline, brows, nose, jaw.<ref>[https://deschamps-braly.com/congratulations-youre-beautiful-but-are-you-feminine-facial-feminization-ffs/ Congratulations. You’re beautiful, but are you “feminine”?] ''Deschamps-Braly Clinic''.</ref> It thus reduces the effects on facial anatomy caused by male puberty. One study found that FFS significantly increases how frequently its recipients are perceived as a woman (57.31% of the time for pre-operative subjects, 94.27% for post-operative subjects, and 99.38% of the time for cisgender women).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fisher |first=Mark |last2=Lu |first2=Stephen M. |last3=Chen |first3=Kevin |last4=Zhang |first4=Ben |last5=Di Maggio |first5=Marcelo |last6=Bradley |first6=James P. |date=2020-06-15 |title=Facial Feminization Surgery Changes Perception of Patient Gender |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31676906/ |journal=Aesthetic Surgery Journal |volume=40 |issue=7 |pages=703–709 |doi=10.1093/asj/sjz303 |issn=1527-330X |pmid=31676906}}</ref> Perhaps for that reason, the surgery is associated with better quality-of-life in transfeminine individuals who undergo it.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Caprini |first=Rachel M. |last2=Oberoi |first2=Michelle K. |last3=Dejam |first3=Dillon |last4=Chan |first4=Candace H. |last5=Potemra |first5=Hi'ilani M. K. |last6=Morgan |first6=Katarina B. J. |last7=Weimer |first7=Amy |last8=Litwin |first8=Mark S. |last9=Mendelsohn |first9=Abie H. |last10=Lee |first10=Justine C. |date=2023-05-01 |title=Effect of Gender-affirming Facial Feminization Surgery on Psychosocial Outcomes |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35786682/ |journal=Annals of Surgery |volume=277 |issue=5 |pages=e1184–e1190 |doi=10.1097/SLA.0000000000005472 |issn=1528-1140 |pmid=35786682}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ainsworth |first=Tiffiny A. |last2=Spiegel |first2=Jeffrey H. |date=2010 |title=Quality of life of individuals with and without facial feminization surgery or gender reassignment surgery |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20461468/ |journal=Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation |volume=19 |issue=7 |pages=1019–1024 |doi=10.1007/s11136-010-9668-7 |issn=1573-2649 |pmid=20461468}}</ref>

===Facial masculinization surgery===
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: FMS}}
{{wpl|Facial masculinization surgery}} is {{sl|facial feminization surgery}}'s less-common sibling. It may involve augmenting the Adam's apple, forehead, brow ridge, jaw, etc.

===Gender reassignment surgery===
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: GRS}}
{{hatnote|Sometimes also referred as sex reassignment surgery (SRS)}}
Alternative wording for {{sl|sex reassignment surgery}}

===Hair removal===
Any process by which hair is removed or reduced, permanently or semi-permanently. Most commonly applied to facial hair or body hair. Can be done via {{wpl|laser hair removal}} or {{wpl|electrology}} (also called "electrolysis"), the latter of which is known to be more permanent but also time-expensive.

===Hysterectomy===
A hysterectomy involves the removal of the uterus. The ovaries and Fallopian tubes may be removed as well (which would be a oophorectomy and salpingectomy, respectively). For various reasons, some transgender people including many transgender men prefer to undergo this, and may or may not seek a full {{sl|sex reassignment surgery}} in addition to it.<ref>Juno Obedin-Maliver (June 17, 2016). [https://transcare.ucsf.edu/guidelines/hysterectomy "Hysterectomy"]. ''UCSF Transgender Care''.</ref>

===Orchiectomy===
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: Orchi}}
An orchiectomy is the removal of the testicles. Though this could be performed out of simple preference, it's commonly performed because someone has testicles and wants to stop testosterone production without having to continually take anti-androgen {{sl|drugs}}. Some individuals may like to do this without going all the way with a {{sl|sex reassignment surgery}}.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=van der Sluis |first=Wouter B. |last2=Steensma |first2=Thomas D. |last3=Bouman |first3=Mark-Bram |date=2020-04-03 |title=Orchiectomy in transgender individuals: A motivation analysis and report of surgical outcomes |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7430475/ |journal=International Journal of Transgender Health |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=176–181 |doi=10.1080/26895269.2020.1749921 |issn=2689-5269 |pmid=33015667}}</ref>

===Sex reassignment surgery===
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: SRS}}
{{hatnote|Sometimes also referred as gender reassignment surgery (GRS)}}
{{main|Gender transition}}
Surgery that involves changing one's primary and/or secondary {{wpl|sexual characteristics}} to become the opposite sex. Most usually, this refers to {{sl|bottom surgery}}.

===Top surgery===
{{main|Gender transition}}
Refers to a surgery done on the chest area, most usually a thorough {{wpl|breast reduction}} (what a {{sl|trans man / FtM}} might seek<ref>Jen Christensen (August 9, 2023). [https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/09/health/top-surgery-no-regrets-transgender-nonbinary-study/index.html "Transgender and nonbinary patients have no regrets about top surgery, small study finds"]. ''CNN''.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olson-Kennedy |first=Johanna |last2=Warus |first2=Jonathan |last3=Okonta |first3=Vivian |last4=Belzer |first4=Marvin |last5=Clark |first5=Leslie F. |date=2018-05-01 |title=Chest Reconstruction and Chest Dysphoria in Transmasculine Minors and Young Adults: Comparisons of Nonsurgical and Postsurgical Cohorts |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29507933/ |journal=JAMA Pediatrics |volume=172 |issue=5 |pages=431–436 |doi=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5440 |issn=2168-6211 |pmid=29507933}}</ref>), or somewhat less commonly, a {{wpl|breast augmentation}} (something a {{sl|trans woman / MtF}} might seek<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weigert |first=Romain |last2=Frison |first2=Eric |last3=Sessiecq |first3=Quentin |last4=Al Mutairi |first4=Khalid |last5=Casoli |first5=Vincent |date=2013 |title=Patient satisfaction with breasts and psychosocial, sexual, and physical well-being after breast augmentation in male-to-female transsexuals |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24281571/ |journal=Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery |volume=132 |issue=6 |pages=1421–1429 |doi=10.1097/01.prs.0000434415.70711.49 |issn=1529-4242 |pmid=24281571}}</ref>). See also: {{sl|bottom surgery}}.

===Voice feminization surgery===
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: VFS}}
A surgery to feminize someone's voice. Many people (not just transgender people — voice actors and singers can confirm) can achieve this non-surgically with voice training lessons and practice, but this would be the more straightforward (though more expensive) option. Also see: {{sl|voice masculinization surgery}}.

===Voice masculinization surgery===
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: VMS}}
Although voice masculinization is one of the things {{sl|testosterone}} tends to do very well, and it can also be achieved with non-surgical voice therapy, in some relatively rare cases transgender people, particularly transgender men, may seek a voice masculinization surgery for various reasons.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Haben |first=C. Michael |date=2022-08-01 |title=Masculinization Laryngoplasty |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003066652200055X |journal=Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America |series=Gender Affirmation Surgery in Otolaryngology |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=757–765 |doi=10.1016/j.otc.2022.04.011 |issn=0030-6665}}</ref> Also see: {{sl|voice feminization surgery}}.

==Drugs==
[[File:Estradiol.svg|thumb|right|150px|Chemical structure of estradiol (E2).]]
[[File:Spironolactone.svg|thumb|right|150px|Chemical structure of spironolactone (Spiro).]]
[[File:Testosteron.svg|thumb|right|150px|Chemical structure of testosterone (T).]]

===General===
====Finasteride====
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: Fin}}
{{wpl|Finasteride}} is an anti-androgen that reduces the production of {{wpl|dihydrotestosterone}} (DHT). This is most frequently used by cisgender men to prevent hair loss (and was [[FDA]]-approved for that). In some relatively rare cases, transgender women use it for the same purpose,<ref name="EndoReview1">{{Cite journal |last=T’Sjoen |first=Guy |last2=Arcelus |first2=Jon |last3=Gooren |first3=Louis |last4=Klink |first4=Daniel T |last5=Tangpricha |first5=Vin |date=2019-02-01 |title=Endocrinology of Transgender Medicine |url=https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article/40/1/97/5123979 |journal=Endocrine Reviews |language=en |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=97–117 |doi=10.1210/er.2018-00011 |issn=0163-769X}}</ref> although a usual hormone replacement regime is typically enough to stop hair loss for such a case (or, less commonly, even to induce regrowth in some cases).<ref>Maddie Deutsch (July 2020). [https://transcare.ucsf.edu/article/information-estrogen-hormone-therapy "Information on Estrogen Hormone Therapy"] ''UCSF Transgender Care''.</ref> In other edge cases (e.g. if the patient has contraindications with any other anti-androgens), transgender women may even use it as a substitute for other anti-androgens. Transgender men may also use finasteride to block DHT and thus prevent hair loss while retaining any other personally-desired effects from testosterone.<ref name="EndoReview1"/>

====GnRH agonists====
{{wpl|GnRH agonists}} are the most common form of what's usually referred to as puberty blockers. It prevents the start of, or stops the progression of, puberty in both AFAB and AMAB young people (and is similarly used on cis children experiencing precocious puberty).  By overstimulating GnRH receptors, it ultimately shuts down the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis' signal to the gonads to produce sex hormones.  It is never prescribed before Tanner stage 2.  The young person can decide to either move on to masculizing or feminizing hormone therapy or to stop treatment, in which case puberty will resume normally.

====Minoxidil====
{{wpl|Minoxidil}} is a drug that combats loss of hair on the scalp, in both men and women; it's one of the few drugs [[FDA]]-approved for this purpose. It may be used by transgender people for that same purpose, possibly combined with {{sl|finasteride}}. A somewhat more novel use is to promote beard growth,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Suchonwanit |first=Poonkiat |last2=Thammarucha |first2=Sasima |last3=Leerunyakul |first3=Kanchana |date=2019 |title=Minoxidil and its use in hair disorders: a review |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6691938/ |journal=Drug Design, Development and Therapy |volume=13 |pages=2777–2786 |doi=10.2147/DDDT.S214907 |issn=1177-8881 |pmid=31496654}}</ref> which may be useful to a transgender man if the individual's experience with facial hair growth as a result of {{sl|testosterone}} alone isn't considered extensive enough.

====Selective estrogen receptor modulators====
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: SERMs}}
{{wpl|Selective estrogen receptor modulators||,}} as their name suggests, adjust how the body receives certain estrogens in a more targeted way. A few SERMs ({{wpl|tamoxifen||,}} {{wpl|lasofoxifene||,}} and {{wpl|raloxifene||)}} have been discussed for their potential use by some rare few individuals who desire a more androgynous appearance.<ref name="SERMs2"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Xu |first1=Jane Y. |last2=O’Connell |first2=Michele A. |last3=Notini |first3=Lauren |last4=Cheung |first4=Ada S. |last5=Zwickl |first5=Sav |last6=Pang |first6=Ken C. |title=Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: A Potential Option For Non-Binary Gender-Affirming Hormonal Care? |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.701364/full |journal=Frontiers in Endocrinology |date=18 June 2021 |volume=12 |pages=701364 |doi=10.3389/fendo.2021.701364 |pmid=34226826 |issn=1664-2392 }}</ref> Its use in transgender people for that particular purpose is considered new (that is, experimental) by the mainstream medical literature, but SERMs have also been used as a potential solution for various health issues in cisgender men and women such as breast [[cancer]],<ref name="SERMs2">{{Cite journal |last=Hodax |first=Juanita K. |last2=DiVall |first2=Sara |date=2023 |title=Gender-affirming endocrine care for youth with a nonbinary gender identity |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20420188231160405 |journal=Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism |language=en |volume=14 |pages=204201882311604 |doi=10.1177/20420188231160405 |issn=2042-0188 |pmid=37006780}}</ref> or infertility.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cannarella |first=Rossella |last2=Condorelli |first2=Rosita A. |last3=Mongioì |first3=Laura M. |last4=Barbagallo |first4=Federica |last5=Calogero |first5=Aldo E. |last6=La Vignera |first6=Sandro |date=2019-08-13 |title=Effects of the selective estrogen receptor modulators for the treatment of male infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14656566.2019.1615057 |journal=Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy |language=en |volume=20 |issue=12 |pages=1517–1525 |doi=10.1080/14656566.2019.1615057 |issn=1465-6566}}</ref> There have been reports that one SERM, {{wpl|clomiphene}} (or "clomid"),{{efn|Sometimes paired with other fertility-assistive medications, such as {{w|follitropin alfa||.}}<ref>M.K. Manoylov (December 18, 2019). [https://scienceline.org/2019/12/trans-reproduction/ "A promising discovery in transgender reproduction"]. ''Scienceline''. Science, Health and Environmental Reporting Program in the Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute at New York University.</ref>}} has been successfully used in some transgender women and transgender men to induce fertility even after months of hormone replacement therapy.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=de Nie |first=Iris |last2=van Mello |first2=Norah M. |last3=Vlahakis |first3=Emanuel |last4=Cooper |first4=Charlie |last5=Peri |first5=Angus |last6=den Heijer |first6=Martin |last7=Meißner |first7=Andreas |last8=Huirne |first8=Judith |last9=Pang |first9=Ken C. |date=2023-01-17 |title=Successful restoration of spermatogenesis following gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender women |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9873819/ |journal=Cell Reports Medicine |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=100858 |doi=10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100858 |issn=2666-3791 |pmid=36652919}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ghofranian |first=Atoosa |last2=Estevez |first2=Samantha L. |last3=Gellman |first3=Caroline |last4=Gounko |first4=Dmitry |last5=Lee |first5=Joseph A. |last6=Thornton |first6=Kimberly |last7=Copperman |first7=Alan B. |date=2023-12-01 |title=Fertility treatment outcomes in transgender men with a history of testosterone therapy |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666334123001083 |journal=F&S Reports |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=367–374 |doi=10.1016/j.xfre.2023.10.006 |issn=2666-3341}}</ref>

===Feminizing===

====Bicalutamide====
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: Bica}}
{{wpl|Bicalutamide}} is an anti-androgen. Its use is relatively rare compared to cyproterone acetate and spironolactone, but may be prescribed as an alternative (especially in the United States where it may be used secondarily to spironolactone). Unlike the others, bicalutamide blocks the androgen receptor rather than lowering androgen levels.

====Cyproterone acetate====
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: Cypro}}
{{wpl|Cyproterone acetate}} is an anti-androgen used in hormone therapy (as well as to treat other conditions such as prostate problems and acne). Because of fears of liver injury it is not used in the US, where {{sl|spironolactone}} is instead used;<ref name="EndoReview1"/> however studies linking cypro with liver problems have been criticised and the link questioned.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5366074/ Oestrogen and anti-androgen therapy for transgender women], Vin Tangpricha and Martin den Heijer, Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017 Apr; 5(4): 291–300. Published online 2016 Dec 2. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30319-9</ref> Although cypro is mainly used for its anti-androgenic effects it reportedly induces "{{sl|progesterone}}-like activity", especially mildly-elevated levels of prolactin when compared against subjects who instead took spironolactone.<ref name="EndoReview1"/>

====Estradiol====
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: E or E2}}
{{wpl|Estradiol}} (also spelt oestradiol) is a primarily female hormone that transforms {{wpl|secondary sex characteristics||.}} It's one of the most commonly used and known estrogens.<ref>{{wpa|Estradiol (medication)}}</ref>

====Estrogen====
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: E}}
{{wpl|Estrogen|Estrogens}} (also spelt oestrogen) are a family of steroidal compounds that produce female {{wpl|secondary sex characteristics||.}} The HRT regime of most transgender women consists of either just some sort of estrogen and an anti-androgen, or else some sort of estrogen alone (the latter especially in any cases where the body no longer produces testosterone).

====Premarin====
{{wpl|Premarin}} is the common (brand-name) term for ''conjugated estrogens''. It was frequently prescribed from about the 1940s–1990s for transgender HRT.<ref name="menopauseblog"/><ref name="transhealthpremarin"/> Premarin has been the butt of many jokes because it is derived from pregnant mare urine (thus the contraction "Premarin"). However today, a different sort of hormones derived from materials like diosgenin or stigmasterol found in plants such as wild yams, cacti, or [[soy]]beans are much more commonly used.<ref name="menopauseblog">{{Cite news |last=Woods |first=James |date=April 2015 |title=Clarifying The Terms 'Bioidentical Hormones' And 'Compounded Hormones' |work=menoPAUSE Blog |publisher=University of Rochester Medical Center |url=https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/ob-gyn/ur-medicine-menopause-and-womens-health/menopause-blog/april-2015/clarifying-terms-bioidentical-hormones-compounded.aspx}}</ref><ref>Julia Kollewe (September 24, 2022). [https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/sep/24/hrt-inside-the-complex-global-supply-chain-behind-a-20bn-market "HRT: inside the complex global supply chain behind a $20bn market"]. ''The Guardian''.</ref> The most common recipients of conjugated estrogens as a hormone supplement have always been menopausal cisgender women — ''Premarin'' was actually at one point the most common brand-name prescription drug in the United States.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wysowski |first=Diane K. |last2=Golden |first2=Linda |last3=Burke |first3=Laurie |date=1995-01-01 |title=Use of menopausal estrogens and medroxyprogesterone in the United States, 1982–1992 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002978449400339F |journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology |volume=85 |issue=1 |pages=6–10 |doi=10.1016/0029-7844(94)00339-F |issn=0029-7844 |quote=An estimated 13.6 million prescriptions were dispensed for oral menopausal estrogens in 1982, and 31.7 million in 1992, a 2.3-fold increase (P = .0001). In 1992, Premarin, the only oral conjugated estrogen currently approved for use, was the most frequently dispensed brand-name pharmaceutical in the United States.}}</ref> As a prescription for transgender women, conjugated estrogens declined in usage by the early 2000s,<ref name="transhealthpremarin">{{Cite journal |last=Leinung |first=Matthew C. |last2=Feustel |first2=Paul J. |last3=Joseph |first3=Jalaja |date=2018-05-01 |title=Hormonal Treatment of Transgender Women with Oral Estradiol |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5944393/ |journal=Transgender Health |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=74–81 |doi=10.1089/trgh.2017.0035 |issn=2380-193X |pmid=29756046 |quote=Before the early 2000's, conjugated estrogens, not estradiol, were the principal form of administered estrogen.}}</ref> and major guidelines for transgender medicine have, since at least 2022, stated that their use by transgender women is non-preferred when {{sl|estradiol}} is available.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coleman |first=E. |last2=Radix |first2=A. E. |last3=Bouman |first3=W. P. |last4=Brown |first4=G. R. |last5=de Vries |first5=A. L. C. |last6=Deutsch |first6=M. B. |last7=Ettner |first7=R. |last8=Fraser |first8=L. |last9=Goodman |first9=M. |last10=Green |first10=J. |last11=Hancock |first11=A. B. |last12=Johnson |first12=T. W. |last13=Karasic |first13=D. H. |last14=Knudson |first14=G. A. |last15=Leibowitz |first15=S. F. |date=2022 |title=Standards of Care for the Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse People, Version 8 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644 |journal=International Journal of Transgender Health |language=en |volume=23 |issue=sup1 |pages=S1–S259 |doi=10.1080/26895269.2022.2100644 |issn=2689-5269 |pmid=36238954 |quote=We suggest health care professionals not prescribe conjugated estrogens in transgender and gender diverse people when estradiol is available as a component of gender-affirming hormonal treatment.}}</ref>

====Progesterone====
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: Prog}}
{{wpl|Progesterone}} is a primarily female hormone that enhances breast growth and can lead to improved mood and counteract the decrease in libido from anti-androgenic medications.

====Spironolactone====
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: Spiro}}
{{wpl|Spironolactone}} is a steroid that has medical uses, although it's not normally given to men because of its feminizing side effects.<ref name="pmid21413648">{{cite journal | authors = Rathnayake D, Sinclair R | title = Use of spironolactone in dermatology | journal = Skinmed | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 328–32; quiz 333 | year = 2010 | pmid = 21413648 | doi = | url = }}</ref> It's the main effect if you're a trans woman because it suppresses {{sl|testosterone}}.<ref name="WPATH2011">{{cite web | url = http://www.wpath.org/documents/Standards%20of%20Care_FullBook_1g-1.pdf | title = Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender Nonconforming People | author = The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) | year = 2011 | format = PDF | accessdate = 2012-05-27 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120523064935/http://www.wpath.org/documents/Standards%20of%20Care_FullBook_1g-1.pdf | archivedate = 2012-05-23 | df =  }}</ref><ref name="pmid19509099">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Hembree WC, Cohen-Kettenis P, Delemarre-van de Waal HA, etal | title = Endocrine treatment of transsexual persons: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 94 | issue = 9 | pages = 3132–54 |date=September 2009 | pmid = 19509099 | url = http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=19509099}}</ref><ref name="pmid2540730">{{cite journal |vauthors=Prior JC, Vigna YM, Watson D | title = Spironolactone with physiological female steroids for presurgical therapy of male-to-female transsexualism | journal = Archives of Sexual Behavior | volume = 18 | issue = 1 | pages = 49–57 |date=February 1989 | pmid = 2540730 | url = }}</ref>
It's known to cause [[salt]] cravings. It's an anti-androgen used in the US as an alternative to {{sl|cyproterone acetate}}.<ref name="EndoReview1"/>

===Masculinizing===
====Dihydrotestosterone====
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: DHT}}
{{wpl|Dihydrotestosterone}} is an androgen may be used, relatively rarely, by transgender men in addition to testosterone. Its effects can include male pattern baldness, which may be desired or undesired depending on the individual's preferences; if undesired, it can be blocked using {{sl|finasteride}}. DHT is also used by some trans men in preparation for transmasculine sex-reassignment surgery.

====Testosterone====
{{hatnote|Abbreviation: T}}
{{wpl|Testosterone}} is a primarily male hormone that transforms {{wpl|secondary sex characteristics||.}} Most transgender men take this alone.

==See also==
* [[Autogynephilia]]
* [[Feminist glossary]]
* [[LGBTQ orientation glossary]]
* [[TERF glossary]]
* [[MRA glossary]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Glossaries]]
[[Category:Jargon]]
[[Category:Lists]]
[[Category:Neologisms]]
[[Category:Transgender| ]]
[[Category:Social justice]]

Categories: Glossaries, Jargon, Lists, Neologisms, Transgender, Social justice