Hadith

{{title-italics}}{{Islam}}{{Scriptures}}
'''''Hadith''''' ('''الحديث''') are texts, originally {{wpl|Oral transmission|orally transmitted|,}} relating to the words, sayings, and deeds of [[Muhammad]]. [[Muslim]]s usually regard hadith authority as second to that of the [[Qur'an]]. [[Islam]]ic scholars generally consider Bukhari's<ref>
{{wpa | Muhammad al-Bukhari}}
</ref>
collection the most reliable.<ref> [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith Wikipedia article on Hadith] </ref>

Each hadith comprises two parts:
#The '''''isnad'''''<ref>{{wpa|Isnad||''isnad''}}</ref> or authority on which the hadith stands (e.g.: "It is related by Irbad bin Sariyah that [[Muhammad|the Apostle]] said/did …")
#The '''''matn'''''<ref>{{wpa|Matn|''matn''}}</ref> or relation of the [[tradition]] itself

Twenty-first-century Islamic jurists commonly use the ''hadith'' (in addition to the Qur'an) to determine the implementation of ''[[sharia]]''. The set of texts that comprise the ''hadith'' vary in each branch of Islam. [[Sunni]]s consult the ''hadith'' and decide ''sharia'' through a process of analogy and consensus, whereas [[Shi'a]] depend on the "[[revelation|divinely inspired]]" judgment of the [[Ayatollah|imams]]. [[Ibadi]]s have a separate form of ''hadith''.

==Dating==
''Hadith'' started as oral [[tradition]]s.<ref>{{cite book
| last1 = Gacek
| first1 = Adam
| title = Arabic Manuscripts: A Vademecum for Readers
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NeaHnLb6RdUC
| series = Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Nahe und der Mittlere Osten
| volume = 98
| location = Leiden
| publisher = Brill
| publication-date = 2009
| page = 92
| isbn = 9789004170360
| access-date = 2018-04-07
| quote = And though written transmission prevailed, having been given a boost by the introduction of → paper in the second half of the 2nd/8th century, it was still the oral tradition which was regarded as the most authoritative, especially in Hadith.}}</ref>
No hadith documents contemporary with the foundation years of Islam (7<sup>th</sup> century CE) have survived. The earliest extant manuscripts date from after 922 CE.<ref>Compare: {{cite book
| last1 = Holland
| first1 = Tom
| title = In The Shadow Of The Sword: The Battle for Global Empire and the End of the Ancient World
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=5u3Ukw7AftwC
| location = London
| publisher = Hachette
| publication-date = 2012
| page = 
| isbn = 9780748119516
| access-date = 2018-04-06
| quote =…all the sprawling collections of ''hadiths'' — none of which in the form we have them, predates the beginning of the third century after the ''{{wpl | Hegira |  hijra}}''…}}</ref>

==Authority==
Not all Muslims accept the authority of all ''hadith'', and the very small Qur'an-only sect rejects them wholly. Not all ''hadith'' are equal as well, many are considered weak by Islamic scholars but this also depends on the denomination.<ref>[http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Hadith/Ulum/asb7.html Islamic awareness article]</ref>

The weakest are called ''[[Bullshit|Maudu]]''. These ''hadith'' have a tendency to be based on things external to Islam like superiority of a political ideology, [[Racism|race]], town, or any sort of supremacist tripe. Many of these are outright lies used for personal gain that ignore basic history both within and outside of Islam. Unsurprisingly, many of the ''hadith'' that [[terrorists]] cite are ''Maudu''.<ref>[http://unity1.wordpress.com/tag/maudu/#_Toc397361712 Blog]</ref>

==Quote-mining==
''Hadith'' are commonly [[Quote mining|quote-mined]] by various sorts of [[bigot]]s, both inside ([[Islamic extremist]]s and [[authoritarian]]s) [[Horseshoe theory|and]] outside ([[Islamophobia|Islamophobes]]) Islam. Islamic extremists and authoritarians tend to use quote-mined ''hadith'' to justify their violent and hateful actions, whereas Islamophobes quote-mine ''hadith'' and use them as examples of how "[[evil]]" Islam is. Bonus points if they conflate the ''hadith'' with the Qur'an, even if there appears to be a contradiction between the Qur'an and the ''hadith''.

==See also==
*[[Ghazwa-e-Hind]]
*[[Talmud]] — Jewish oral traditions that were later written down

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}
{{qurbox}}

[[Category:Qur'an]]

Categories: Qur'an