Muti

[[File:Five-sangomas.jpg|thumb|right|160px|Modern Sangoma]]
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'''Muti''' (Zulu: ''Umuthi'' or ''Muthi'') is the term applied to the [[Herbalism|herbal]] aspect of the [[Alternative medicine|traditional medicine]] used by ''sangomas'' (traditional healers or witchdoctors) throughout most of Southern [[Africa]]. The word is derived from the Zulu word for tree, (''umuthi'') and anglicized into "muti".

Although commonly associated with herbal remedies, it can also take the forms of charms and [[amulet]]s which are prepared by the sangoma and worn by the patient. The herbal concoctions can be ingested, as well as inhaled (via smoke or steam), or rubbed on the body.<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/1160817?searchUrl=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dmuthi%26gw%3Djtx%26prq%3Dmuti%26Search%3DSearch%26hp%3D25%26wc%3Don&Search=yes</ref>

==Muti murders==
Besides its alleged simple herbal properties, Muti has a dark side &mdash; the use of human body parts to make medicine, [[magic]], or protective spells. Muti murders are not ritual [[sacrifice]]s in any religious sense; they are simply murders to harvest body parts. The single most common victims are children, but any age is acceptable, as well as either gender. The body parts have become an actual commodity, and many victims are sold (or their parts are sold) by members of their family or friends.<ref>http://www.themorningstarr.co.uk/2009/12/02/south-african-medicine-murder/</ref><ref>Medicine Murder in Colonial Lesotho: The anatomy of a moral crisis, by Colin Murray and Peter Sanders. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute, London, 2005. xvi+494 pp. £50 (cloth). ISBN 0-7486-2284-5 (cloth)</ref> If the victim is conscious while the body parts are removed, the value of the body part increases, for the belief is that the fear, the strong pulsing of the heart while in pain, and other strong emotions are literally "infused" in the severed part.

Because of their natural exotic nature, [[albino]] body parts are highly prized in the Muti world.<ref>http://projectavalon.net/forum4/showthread.php?14707-Albino-Muti-Murders</ref>

There is strong argument that the use of human body parts &mdash; and the murders to acquire those parts &mdash; was either invented after the [[Colonialism|colonial]] and [[missionary]] periods, or at least became far more drastic and common. Without doubt, the practice of using human body parts in Muti has been influenced and exaggerated because of the encroachment of Western society, the dis-empowerment of the native peoples, and (both surprisingly and oddly not surprisingly) justified by [[Bible|biblical scripture]].<ref>http://www.jstor.org/pss/1161401</ref><ref>Massacres, Muthi & Misery: Women and Political Violence. Jenni Irish, Agenda, No. 16, Violence in Focus (1993), pp. 5-9</ref>

==Endangered animals and animal trafficking==
Like [[traditional Chinese medicine]], Muti rituals often use the body parts of rare and endangered species. Investigative journalists have found rhino horns, parts of monkeys and apes including protected great apes, and large cats like leopards and [[cheetah|cheetahs]] used in Muti rituals.<ref>http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/endangered-animals-publicly-cut-up-for-muthi-1.428894#.T9IYg7WMKuw</ref> The Mai Mai market in Johannesburg sells many of these products practically out in the open, with little challenge from the authorities, due to the respect given by locals to Muti medicine.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20150413001138/http://www.joburg.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5651&catid=88&Itemid=340  Tradition rules at Mai Mai (archived article)]</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.factnet.org/cults/Sangoma/index.html FactNet links on muti, muti murders and sangomas]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIX6xCplyjE Interview with albino] Caution - shocking images and frank discussion

==References==
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[[Category:Alternative medicine]]
[[Category:Magic]]
[[Category:Africa]]
[[Category:Ableism]]
[[Category:Folklore]]
[[Category:Superstition]]

Categories: Alternative medicine, Magic, Africa, Ableism, Folklore, Superstition