Jinn

{{islam}}
[[File:I dream of jeannie.JPG|thumb|left|165px|'''Jinn''', in their native costume.]]
[[File:Lamparina.JPG|left|thumb|150px|The stereotypical Jinn lamp. Don't polish it too much, or you'll go blind.]]
A '''jinn''' (same plural; alternative transliterations are '''djinn''' and '''genie''') is a supernatural being in traditional Arab/ [[Islamic]] folklore, described as shapeshifting spirits made of smokeless fire. Much like the fairies of European mythology, they are a race of otherworldly, morally ambiguous tricksters originating from pre-Abrahamic traditions, but then were later incorporated into this new cosmology, although this time by [[Islam]] rather than [[Christianity]]. According to Islamic [[theology]], [[Allah]] created jinn from "smokeless fire", and like humans, they possess [[free will]] — some jinn are good, others are [[evil]]. The '''ifrit''' are a type of jinn and a [[medieval]] [[Iran]]ian slur for black Africans.

According to one tradition, [[Iblis]] (the Islamic version of [[Satan]]) is a jinn. (The other version makes him a renegade [[angel]].) Iblis and his crew are usually called '''shaytan''', "devils", with the capital-S "Shaytan" reserved for Iblis himself, just like Satan is "the [[Devil]]" in Christianity.

There is also a strong inconsistency between Muslim folks and Muslim shaikhs regarding the nature of jinn: In folk Islam, Muslims believe jinn to be part of the very world humans live in. They might get offended or bothered by humans, can interact physically with the enviroment and many Muslims believe they have seen a jinn or know someone who saw them. On the other hand, scholars tend to reject the possibility of seeing a jinn. Also they are rather thought to live in a parallel dimension with no other power than tempting humans. In folk Islam, Muslims use several different charms to protect themselves from such unseen beings. However, this is considered polytheism by most shaikhs.

==Demons==
Belief in jinn still persists among some superstitious and/or [[fundamentalist]] Muslims in the same way belief in demons persists among some superstitious and/or [[fundamentalist Christian]]s. [[Exorcism]]s are attempted on individuals displaying mental or physical illness to get rid of the jinn possessing them. As with the Christian version, this can lead to severe abuse against the people believed to be possessed. For example, in July 2010 emerged reports about a man in [[Saudi Arabia]] who had kept his "jinn-possessed" son in chains for six years.<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/node/350884 Possessed by jinn? 29-year-old in chains for six years], ''Arab News'', 21 July 2010 (the original report, the story later spread [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1296856/Saudi-man-chains-son-basement-years-possessed-evil-female-genie.html via an article] in the ''[[Daily Mail]]'')</ref> In 2009, in Birmingham, a 21-year old Pakistani immigrant woman was smothered by her husband and some of his relatives in an attempt to drive out a jinn possessing her.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/sep/24/four-jailed-birmingham-murder Four jailed for murder of 'possessed' Birmingham woman]</ref>

==Arguments for the existence of jinn==
[[File:Gin and tonic with victorian vat.jpg|right|thumb|125px|The wrong kind of jinn, but it still can take you to faraway lands…]]
Some medieval scholars among Islamic society thought that jinn do not really exist. They offered psychological explanations for alleged sightings of jinn. Critics of the belief in jinn gave various reasons why the ideas about jinn are contradictory:
* The existence of other magical beings aside from [[God]] is a contradiction in [[monotheism]]. Therefore, there can be no other magical creatures such as jinn.
* If jinn exist, they could consist of fine matter, therefore making them invisible to the human eye. However, if they are composed of fine matter, they could not do hard work, like lifting heavy stones. 

On the other hand, scholars who favored the existence of jinn had more "convincing" arguments:
* They are mentioned in the [[Qur'an]], and therefore they must be real.
* Other religions also believe in demons. Therefore, it could not be wrong to believe in them too.

Finally, the denial of jinn became prohibited by some scholars. Furthermore, those who denied the existence of jinn were allowed to be killed according to them.<ref>Tobias Nünlist ''Dämonenglaube im Islam'' Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2015 ISBN 978-3-110-33168-4 p.30-33 (German)</ref>

==The ''One Thousand and One Nights'' version==
[[File:John Tenniel - The sleeping genie and the lady.jpg|thumb|right|165px|The sleeping genie and the lady, illustration by John Tenniel in ''One Thousand and One Nights'']]
Jinn are known for shapeshifting into different [[animals]] and sizes, being invisible, and granting wishes, usually coming in sets of three. Makes you wonder why Allah didn't give humans any cool superpowers.

[[Solomon|King Solomon]] was believed to have captured jinn in bottles. He would throw them into the sea and people would release them and get three wishes. However, they would usually trick the jinn to go back into the bottle, which seems like a shitty way to treat someone who's just ''granted you wishes''.

Genies are very popular and have been featured in several films, books, and television shows. They are usually [[sadist]]ic or goofy (or both). According to Western narrative tropes, jinn spend their time locked in lamps or bottles and grant at most three wishes to the one who frees them (and sometimes [http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/LiteralGenie behave like sadistic fans of LessWrong], [https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/JackassGenie or worse]).

Ironically, the jinn known from The Nights, are rather Div, as Persian culture had a strong impact on Islamic orthodoxy over a thousand years, something contemporary scholars would never admit to have happened.

==See also==
*[[Exorcism]]

==External links==
* [http://freethinker.co.uk/2010/07/24/jinned-up-turki-trussed-in-basement/ Article with "Photographic Proof"]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Folklore]][[Category:Magic]][[Category:Mythology]][[Category:Islam]]

Categories: Folklore, Magic, Mythology, Islam