Boko Haram

{{islamnav}}
{{cquote|The present Western-style education is mixed with issues that run contrary to our beliefs in Islam, like rain. We believe it is a creation of God rather than an evaporation caused by the sun that condenses and becomes rain or like saying the world is a sphere. If it runs contrary to the teachings of Allah, we reject it. We also reject the theory of Darwinism.|||Mohammed Yusuf, founder of Boko Haram<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8172270.stm Nigeria's 'Taliban' enigma]</ref>}}

'''ISWAP''', or the ''Islamic State's West African Province'', or ''The People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and Jihad'',<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13809501 Who are Nigeria's Boko Haram Islamists?]</ref> more commonly known as '''Boko Haram''' ("Western education is sinful" in {{wpl|Hausa language |Hausa}}) is a [[Sunni]] [[Islamism |Islamist]] paramilitary group that has [[killing | killed]] thousands of people across [[Nigeria]]. Founded in 2002, Boko Haram has attacked targets ranging from banks to bars to churches, although it has focused mainly on state institutions (including the [[police]] and the army), and argues that it is fighting against [[authoritarianism]] and corruption. Reuters reports that Boko Haram carried out 10,000 killings in 2014.<ref>http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/09/us-nigeria-violence-idUSKBN0KH1VV20150109 </ref>  Boko Haram have caused famine in a Nigerian state where they are active.<ref>[http://www.butterfliesandwheels.org/2016/boko-haram-triggers-famine-in-borno-state/ Boko Haram triggers famine in Borno state]</ref>

The group has also kidnapped some western tourists and {{wpl|Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping |many Nigerians}}; it has assassinated members of the Islamic establishment who are critics of the group.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/01/opinion/campbell-boko-haram/ Should the US fear Boko Haram?]</ref> Boko Haram has actively opposed polio [[Anti-vaccination |vaccination]].<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/nigeria-s-boko-haram-insurgency-thwarting-un-war-on-polio-1.2657209 Nigeria's Boko Haram insurgency thwarting UN war on polio]</ref> The group claims inspiration from the [[Taliban]] and has demanded the implementation of [[Sharia| sharia law]] in northern Nigeria.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jan/24/boko-haram-killed-nearly-1000 Nigerian death toll from Boko Haram attacks 'nears 1,000']</ref> 

Boko Haram originally pledged allegiance to [[al Qaeda]] as leader of the global [[jihad]] but then flip-flopped to demonstrate how meaningful its oaths are by pledging allegiance to the [[Islamic State]] and [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]] as [[Caliph]] of all the Muslims.<ref>http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/africa/2014/07/13/Boko-Haram-voices-support-for-ISIS-Baghdadi.html</ref> After months of no response, [[DAESH]] finally acknowledged the subservience of Boko Haram.

Reportedly, it has received funding from the [[Al-Muntada Trust]].<ref>
http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/front-page-news/35888-boko-harams-funding-traced-to-uk-sarabia-sect-planned-to-turn-nigeria-into-afghanistan-arrested-kingpin-opens-up
</ref>

== Threat==

Boko Haram is a large threat to Nigeria, especially during election years. Many north Nigerian politicians have openly stated that Nigeria does not have the military capability to defeat Boko Haram and reports indicate this is true as Boko Haram's fighters are not only better armed but they are much more disciplined than Nigeria's military.<ref>http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/17/us-nigeria-violence-idUSBREA1G1AO20140217</ref> This is supported by the fact that Nigeria has asked for international help to defeat Boko Haram after the group launched a 2014 terrorist attack that killed up to 2,000 Nigerians and used several small children as [[suicide bomber|"suicide" bomber]]s in yet more attacks.<ref>http://www.voanews.com/content/nigerias-political-war-behind-the-war/1941740.html</ref><ref>http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/missing-nigeria-schoolgirls/boko-haram-appears-be-using-abducted-girls-suicide-bombers-experts-n284456</ref> 

The Council on Foreign Relations and the Congressional Research Service state Boko Haram was responsible for at least 5,000 deaths in the first half of 2014.

There are claims that Nigeria's northern politicians are supporting Boko Haram, and these claims do have a degree of weight to them as there is some pretty strong evidence.<ref>http://www.voanews.com/content/nigerias-political-war-behind-the-war/1941740.html</ref>

What makes Boko Haram so tough to beat is a mixture of ethnic and religious tensions in Nigeria hampering a coordinated strike against the terrorist group, rampant corruption in both northern Nigeria and the Nigerian military, along with low morale in the Nigerian military.<ref>http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/Africa-Monitor/2014/0305/Slaughter-crazy-Why-is-Nigeria-s-Boko-Haram-so-successful</ref>

Some military successes against Boko Haram in the Spring of 2015 have been attributed to South African mercenaries having joined the fight,<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4cda876e-d2e8-11e4-a792-00144feab7de.html#axzz3Vd84Flt6 ''Africa’s soldiers of fortune join fight against Boko Haram'' Financial Times, 26 March 2015]</ref> but the Nigerian army denies this (well, they would, wouldn't they?)

The rise of Boko Haram has also had other unintended repercussions. In neighboring Cameroon, fear of Boko Haram and other groups known to use rape as a weapon of war has led some parents to practice [[breast ironing]] on their daughters in the bizarre belief that this will make them less likely to become victims of rape.

==References==
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[[Category:Anti-Western]]
[[Category:Islamic extremism]]
[[Category:Racism]]
[[Category:Terrorist organisations]]
[[Category:Africa]]
[[Category:Ongoing armed conflicts]]
[[Category:We're on a mission from God]]

Categories: Anti-Western, Islamic extremism, Racism, Terrorist organisations, Africa, Ongoing armed conflicts, We're on a mission from God