Herbert W. Armstrong

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'''Herbert W. Armstrong''' (1892-1986) was a [[fundamentalist]] [[Christian]] radio- and later [[televangelist | tele-evangelist]] who founded (1934) the ''Radio Church of God'' (renamed the ''Worldwide Church of God'' in 1968) and Ambassador College (founded in 1947; renamed Ambassador University after his death).<ref name=oxford>Armstrong, Herbert W. (1892–1986) in ''The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions'' (1 rev)</ref> His son, [[Garner Ted Armstrong]], rose to prominence in the church, but was later disfellowshipped after a number of scandals, including [[adultery]].

Armstrong originally worked in marketing and advertising: his somewhat successful advertising business — based in Chicago — failed during the [[Great Depression]]. His advertising background shows in Armstrong's writing style, which reads much like the bombastic and sensationalist advertising copy of that time.

==Worldwide Church of God==
Under Herbert W. Armstrong's leadership the Worldwide Church of God (WCoG) taught the usual Saturday-worship and [[anti-Catholicism]] one might expect from a {{wpl | Church of God (Seventh Day)}} splinter-group. Differing from the Church of God (Seventh Day), he taught that the holy days listed in the [[Old Testament]] (cf. [https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Leviticus#Leviticus_Chapter_23 Leviticus 23], [https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Deuteronomy#Deuteronomy_Chapter_16 Deuteronomy 16]) should still be observed by Christians, and that they depicted God's plan for the [[salvation]] of humanity. Differing from [[Seventh-day Adventism|Seventh Day Adventist]]s, he taught [[British Israelism]] and rejected a [[trinity|trinitarian]] view of [[God]].

He viewed the British and American people as [[Lost tribes of Israel]] punished by exile from 721 BCE to 1800 CE (7 x 360 years of punishment, equal to what the Bible says is 7 years, if you don't know the [[Day-age creationism | difference between a year and a day]]), at which point Britain and America (excluding Suriname) became world powers; fake [[etymology]] also came into this with "British" supposedly being Hebrew for "covenant people" (''brit'' + ''ish'').<ref>[https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/lost-tribes-of-herbert-w-armstrong-1075 The 'Lost Tribes' of Herbert W. Armstrong], Catholic Answers</ref> Because of this, the church celebrated [[Jewish holidays | Jewish festivals]] and worshipped on the Jewish Sabbath (Saturday).<ref name=oxford/> Their calendar included Passover, Pentecost, Feast of Trumpets (Rosh Hashanah), Day of Atonement ([[Yom Kippur]]), Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot), and Last Great Day.<ref>[https://www.hwalibrary.com/cgi-bin/get/hwa.cgi?action=hdcalendar Holy Day Calendar], Herbert W Armstrong Library, accessed 30 Sep 2020</ref> Armstrong acolytes also followed Jewish dietary law.<ref name=ijes>"Herbert W. Armstrong Meets Haile Selassie". ''International Journal of Ethiopian Studies'', vol. 10, no. 1 & 2, 2016, pp. 150–158. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26554856. Accessed 30 Sept. 2020.</ref>

The church, and Armstrong, made a tidy income by levying a 30% tithe on members' income before tax; Armstrong lived in a palatial home in Hollywood and flew the world in a private jet.<ref>[https://www.insider.com/i-grew-up-in-a-cult-and-i-can-tell-you-why-normal-people-join-them-2018-3 I grew up in a cult and I can tell you why 'normal' people join them], Fleur Brown, ''The Insider'', Apr 8, 2019</ref>

Following Herbert W. Armstrong's death in 1986 the Worldwide Church of God fell under the leadership of {{wpl | Joseph W. Tkach | Joseph Tkach}}, and then, upon his death in 1995, of his son, {{wpl | Joseph Tkach Jr.}} Under their 1986 to 2019 leadership, the WCoG rejected many of Armstrong's teachings (such as British Israelism, Biblical holy days, and Seventh-day Sabbath worship) in favor of a more conventional [[fundamentalist Christianity]]. This led to most members leaving, some for mainstream Christian organizations, some to form or join pre-existing splinter groups, and others to [[Apostasy|reject religion altogether]].

Armstrong's influence persists in institutions such as the Philadelphia Church of God, founded by Gerard Flurry.<ref>[https://pcg.church/ Philadelphia Church of God website], accessed 30 Sep 2020</ref> Wikipedia lists several other bodies based on Armstrong's doctrine, generally with "Church of God" in their name, and including {{wpl|The Intercontinental Church of God||,}} (which Garner Ted Armstrong founded in 1998 after being expelled from the parent Worldwide Church of God) and other churches founded by former WCoG people John Ritenbaugh, Roderick C. Meredith (a serial church-founder and -leaver), David C. Pack, Ronald Weinland (later convicted of tax-evasion), and others.<ref>{{wpa|Armstrongism}}</ref>

==Propagating his views==
Armstrong's radio show ''The World Tomorrow'', which later moved to TV, and his magazine ''The Plain Truth'' were heavily into [[Bible]] [[prophecy]] and interpreting current events in relation to his version of the [[end times]], in which the [[United States]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]], and [[Germany]] are supposed to play a central role.  Unlike many fundamentalist evangelists concerned with the end times, Armstrong did not believe there would be a "[[rapture]]". Many evangelical Christians considered his group a [[cult]] in the [[theology|theological]] sense and compared its theology to the [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] and [[Mormon]]s. 

''The Plain Truth'' was a glossy magazine with 8 million readers in its heyday and was translated into multiple languages.<ref name=ijes/>

==See also==
* ''[[The Philadelphia Trumpet]]''

==External links==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_W._Armstrong Herbert W. Armstrong on Wikipedia]
* [https://www.hwacollege.org/armstrong Herbert W. Armstrong College website]
* [https://armstrong.foundation/herbert-w-armstrong Armstrong International Cultural Foundation]
* [https://www.hwalibrary.com/ Herbert W. Armstrong Library] (website of God's Church material)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{stub|Christianity}}

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[[Category:Christians]]
[[Category:End of the world]]
[[Category:Fundamentalists]]
[[Category:Prophecies]]
[[Category:Televangelists]]
[[Category:We're on a mission from God]]

Categories: Christians, End of the world, Fundamentalists, Prophecies, Televangelists, We're on a mission from God