Trump-Russia connection

{{silver}}
{{hatnote|For the Mueller report itself, see [[Mueller investigation]].}}
[[File:Vladimir Putin & Donald Trump in Helsinki, 16 July 2018 (11).jpg|thumb|right|225px|Trump and Putin at a summit in [[Finland]], 2018. The two held a private meeting there, and it is still not publicly known what they discussed.<ref>Siegel, Benjamin. [https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/summit-secret-happened-helsinki-putin-trump/story?id=78273344 Still a summit secret: What happened in Helsinki between Putin and Trump?] ''ABC News.'' June 16, 2021.</ref>]]
{{uspolitics}}
{{cquote|Nothing was more to be desired than that every practicable obstacle should be opposed to cabal, intrigue, and corruption. These most deadly adversaries of [[republic]]an government might naturally have been expected to make their approaches from more than one querter, but chiefly from the desire in foreign powers to gain an improper ascendant in our councils. How could they better gratify this, than by raising a creature of their own to the chief magistracy of the Union?|||[[Alexander Hamilton]]<ref>[https://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/fed68.asp ''The Federalist Papers'': No. 68] by Alexander Hamilton (March 14, 1788) ''Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law School''.</ref>}}
{{cquote|When we confront foreign interference in American elections, it is important for us to avoid thinking politically as [[Republicans]] or [[Democrats]] and instead to think patriotically as Americans.|||Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein<ref name="CBS">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAI9UpfvZmw WATCH NOW: Rod Rosenstein Holds Press Conference for Law Enforcement Announcement]. CBS News. July 13<sup>th</sup>, 2018.</ref>}}
{{cquote|While Donald Trump's position on a lot of issues is unclear, he has a firm position on Putin, and I'm going to guess it's missionary.|||[[Stephen Colbert]] on the November 17<sup>th</sup>, 2016, episode of <i>The Late Show with Stephen Colbert</i>.<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/11/17/colbert-rips-president-elect-donald-trumps-relationship-with-vladimir-putin/94021936/ Colbert mocks Trump's relationship with Putin with cartoon couple] by Jaleesa M. Jones (November 17, 2016) ''USA Today''.</ref>}}
The '''Trump-Russia connection''' or '''Russiagate''' refers to the possible collusion{{efn|The word "collusion" has gotten bandied about frequently with regard to the Trump-Russia connection. Collusion is not a crime in and of itself, however. Conspiracy to commit a crime is a crime even if the conspired-to crime was never committed. '''Collusion''' is defined as: {{cquote|A deceitful agreement or compact between two or more persons, for the one party to bring an action against the other for some evil purpose, as to defraud a third party of his right.<ref>[https://thelawdictionary.org/collusion/ What is Collusion?] ''Black's Law Dictionary'', 2<sup>nd</sup> ed.</ref>}} '''Conspiracy''' is defined as: {{cquote|A combination or confederacy between two or more persons formed for the purpose of committing, by their joint efforts, some unlawful or criminal act, or some act which is innocent in itself, but becomes unlawful when done by the concerted action of the conspirators, or for the purpose of using criminal or unlawful means to the commission of an act not in itself unlawful.<ref>[https://thelawdictionary.org/conspiracy/ What is Conspiracy?] ''Black's Law Dictionary'', 2<sup>nd</sup> ed.</ref>}}}} between [[Donald Trump]]'s presidential campaign and the [[Russia]]n government to unfairly influence the outcome of the [[2016 U.S. presidential election]]. It's become the subject of not only controversy, but also of a full-fledged [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] investigation.<ref>[https://themoscowproject.org/collusion/fbi-announces-investigation-trump/ FBI announces investigation of Trump] ''Moscow Project''</ref><ref group="note">There are no allegations that Russian interference actually affected the outcome of the Election, at least not yet.</ref> 

Despite its popular name, the '''Trump-Russia investigation''' or the '''Russia probe''' examines more than ties between the Trump campaign and Russia. Other countries with potentially illegal connections to Trump and his associates include [[China]], [[Israel]], [[Qatar]], [[Turkey]], and the [[United Arab Emirates]]; in particular, Trump, his daughter Ivanka, and her husband Jared Kushner have [[business]] interests in Qatar, the UAE, Israel, and China.<ref>[https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/03/mueller-investigation-spreads-to-qatar-israel-uae-china-turkey.html It’s Not Just a "Russia" Investigation Anymore]. ''Slate''. March 8, 2018. </ref> Nor is it limited to the office of the Special Counsel; there is a separate criminal investigation by the FBI.<ref name=jackman>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/maria-butina-russian-gun-rights-advocate-charged-in-us-with-acting-as-russian-federation-agent/2018/07/16/d1d4832a-8929-11e8-85ae-511bc1146b0b_story.html Maria Butina, Russian gun rights advocate, charged in U.S. with acting as Russian Federation agent] by Tom Jackman & Rosalind S. Helderman (July 16, 2018 at 3:28 PM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> In fact, by December 2018, investigators had begun scrutinizing virtually all aspects of Trump's public life, his campaign, his inaugural committee, his charity, his business dealings, and his presidency itself.<ref group="note">He faces lawsuits for possible violations of the Emoluments Clause of the Constitution.</ref><ref name="Chi-all">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-trump-oganization-investigations-20181215-story.html Trump has led a lot of organizations. Nearly all of them are now under investigation]. The ''Chicago Tribune''. December 15, 2018. Accessed Feburary 5, 2019. </ref> Meanwhile, the House and Senate Intelligence Committees, the Senate Judiciary Committee, and the House Oversight Committee are conducting their own investigations on alleged Russian meddling and any collusion with Trump aides. These are arguably some of the most high-profile criminal cases in United States history.<ref name="BBC-key">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-42493918 Trump Russia affair: Key questions answered]. BBC News. December 12, 2018.</ref>
<!-- In 2017, [[impeachment]] was technically possible, but improbable considering Republicans controlled both chambers of [[Congress]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/12/donald-trump-russia-dossier-what-happens-next Russia dossier: what happens next – and could Donald Trump be impeached?]</ref> In fact, it did not happen. After the 2018 midterm elections, however, Democrats regained control of the [[House of Representatives]], with many new lawmakers agitating for impeachment. Nevertheless, premature actions may invite public backlash.{{cn}} The Mueller probe had no public deadline.<ref name=Politico/> -->

After 22 months of investigation, Special Counsel Robert Mueller submitted his final report to Attorney General William Barr, who quoted Mueller as saying that the Special Counsel investigation neither concluded that the President committed a crime nor exonerated him. Barr concluded that Trump did not collude with Russia, but this did not clear the President of all misconduct. Regardless, Trump insisted that the investigation had completely vindicated him.<ref name="AP-exonerate">[https://www.apnews.com/efe98b720cbc447b9f26c1e334da44e6 AP FACT CHECK: Trump hails an exoneration not offered]. Associated Press. March 25, 2019. Accessed March 25, 2019. </ref> During the course of the investigation, FBI agents traveled across the United States and to numerous other countries. Some witnesses were interviewed immediately after they had landed at an American airport. Charges were brought against dozens of individuals. However, no Americans were charged with colluding with Russia.<ref name="NYT-Mueller-report">
[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/24/us/politics/mueller-report-summary.html Mueller Finds No Trump-Russia Conspiracy, but Stops Short of Exonerating President on Obstruction]. ''The New York Times''. March 24, 2019. Accessed March 25, 2019.
</ref>

The accused remain innocent until proven guilty. Caution against speculation is advised.

==Policy advisers==
[[File:Paul Manafort at 2016 RNC.jpg|thumb|right|175px|Paul Manafort at the 2016 GOP Convention/Clownshow.]]
{{cquote|He is a very flamboyant man, very talented, no doubt about that [...] He is the absolute leader of the presidential race, as we see it today. He says that he wants to move to another level of relations, to a deeper level of relations with Russia. How can we not welcome that? Of course we welcome it.|||[[Vladimir Putin]] on Donald Trump, before he became the official GOP nominee<ref>[http://on.rt.com/6zso "Putin says ‘talented’ Trump is ‘absolute front-runner,’ welcomes pledge to work with Russia"]. 17 December, 2015. ''[[RT]]''.</ref>}}

{{cquote|He said Donald Trump is a genius and he is going to be the leader of the party and he's going to be the leader of the world or something [...] These characters that I'm running against said, 'We want you to disavow that statement.' I said, 'What, he called me a genius, I'm going to disavow it? Are you crazy?' [...] I think I'd have a good relationship with Putin.|||Donald Trump, gracefully embellishing his praise<ref>{{cite news|last1=Siemaszko|first1=Corky|title=[http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/donald-trump-vladimir-putin-timeline-bad-bromance-n621131 The Donald and Vlad: Timeline of a Bad Bromance]|work=NBC News|date=August 2, 2016}}</ref>}}

Trump's Russia adviser, Carter Page, made a business on dealings with Russia, and has a lifelong fascination of Russia from the days of the [[Soviet Union]]. Page has supported Putin in his writings for a while as a staunch defender of Russian intentions, and has accused the U.S. of [[red-baiting]] and adopting a [[Cold War]] mindset with regards to Russia – that and the fact that the economic sanctions imposed on Russia affected his business dealings with {{wpl|Gazprom}} and other Russian businesses.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mider|first1=Zachary|title=[http://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2016-03-30/trump-russia-adviser-carter-page-interview Trump’s New Russia Adviser Has Deep Ties to Kremlin's Gazprom]|work=Bloomberg Politics|date=March 30, 2016}}</ref> 

After 
hiring
 recruiting [[Paul Manafort]], former consultant to pro-Kremlin [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] politician {{wpl|Victor Yanukovich||,}}<ref>{{cite news|last1=Myers|first1=Steven Lee|last2=Kramer|first2=Andrew E.|title=[http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/01/us/paul-manafort-ukraine-donald-trump.html How Paul Manafort Wielded Power in Ukraine Before Advising Donald Trump]|work=The New York Times|date=July 31, 2016}}</ref> as a volunteer campaign chairman,<ref>[https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-announces-campaign-convention-manager-paul-j.-manafort Donald J. Trump Announces Campaign Convention Manager Paul J. Manafort] March 29, 2016.</ref> Trump changed his initial position on the Russian seizure of Crimea from demanding stronger Western intervention from "weak", "ineffective", "worst president"<ref>[https://archive.is/wTxaC Trump Hits Back at Obama: 'Weak,' 'Ineffective,' Maybe 'Worst President'] (August 2, 2016) ''Fox Nation'' (archived from 3 Aug 2016 17:15:48 UTC).</ref> [[Barack Obama]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Michael|first1=Crowley|title=[http://www.politico.com/story/2016/08/trump-manafort-ukraine-crimea-russia-226573 Trump changed views on Ukraine after hiring Manafort]|work=Politico|date=August 3, 2016}}</ref> Manafort's [[lobbying]] firm (Black, Manafort, [[Roger Stone|Stone]] and Kelly) worked for a number of unsavory [[dictator]]s and [[human rights]]-abusing regimes, earning them a top-five spot in fees earned from the so-called [[torture]]rs' lobby in 1991 and 1992.<ref>[https://cloudfront-files-1.publicintegrity.org/legacy_projects/pdf_reports/THETORTURERSLOBBY.pdf ''The Torturers' Lobby: How Human Rights-Abusing Nations Are Represented in Washington''] by Pamela Brogan (1992) The Center for Public Integrity. ISBN 0-9629012-9-6.</ref>

Another Trump foreign policy advisor and retired army Lt. General [[Michael Flynn]] flew to Moscow in 2015 in order to attend a gala banquet in honor of ''[[RT]]'', a channel on which he has regularly appeared,<ref>Costa, Robert (July 9, 2016). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/07/09/a-curveball-in-trumps-veep-search-hes-seriously-considering-a-retired-general/ "A curveball in Trump's Veep search: He's seriously considering a retired general"]. ''Washington Post''.</ref><ref>Beauchamp, Zack (July 9, 2016). [http://www.vox.com/2016/7/9/12129202/michael-flynn-vice-president-donald-trump "Michael Flynn, the retired general on Donald Trump's VP shortlist, explained"]. ''Vox''.</ref><ref name=PoliticoCrowleyMay>Crowley, Michael (May/June 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160427231013/http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/04/donald-trump-2016-russia-today-rt-kremlin-media-vladimir-putin-213833 "The Kremlin's Candidate: In the 2016 election, Putin's propaganda network is picking sides"]. ''Politico Magazine''.</ref> and was seated at the head table, two seats away from Putin.<ref name=PoliticoCrowleyMay /> Flynn, now the shortest-serving National Security Adviser in history, was forced to resign after being accused of lying about never talking to the Russians during the election. Since then, Manafort, Page, Kushner (Trump's son-in-law), and several other Trump administration officials (e.g., Wilbur Ross, Secretary of Commerce)<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/05/world/wilbur-ross-russia.html Commerce Secretary’s Offshore Ties to Putin 'Cronies'] by Mike McIntire, Sasha Chavkin & Martha M. Hamilton (Nov. 5, 2017) ''The New York Times''.</ref> have received flak for their own connections to Russian oligarchs.

==Business and mafia connections==
{{main|Organized crime}}
[[File:Alimzhan Tokhtakhunov.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Alimzhan Tokhtakhunov in 2011]]
{{cquote|I couldn't care less. They do not represent the interest of the Russian state. Maybe they're not even Russians. Maybe they're Ukrainians, Tatars, Jews, just with Russian citizenship.|||Vladimir Putin, questioning the statehood of about 17% of Russian citizens<ref>{{wpa|Ethnic groups in Russia}}</ref> as well as that of most of his oligarch buddies<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/hey-putin-dont-pin-this-on-the-jews/2018/03/12/451e4212-2633-11e8-874b-d517e912f125_story.html Hey, Putin: Don’t pin this on the Jews] by Catherine Rampell (March 12, 2018 at 7:52 PM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref>}}
{{cquote|Almost all of the oligarchs were in the room.|||Donald Trump, excitedly reminiscing about the 2013 Miss Universe contest in Moscow<ref>Crowley, Michael (May 15, 2016). [http://www.politico.com/story/2016/05/donald-trump-russia-moscow-miss-universe-223173 "When Donald Trump brought Miss Universe to Moscow"]. ''Politico''.</ref>}}
{{cquote|Russia has never tried to use leverage over me. I HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH RUSSIA - NO DEALS, NO LOANS, NO NOTHING!|||Donald Trump, 2017<ref>[https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/819159806489591809 Russia has never tried to use leverage over me. I HAVE NOTHING TO DO WITH RUSSIA - NO DEALS, NO LOANS, NO NOTHING!] by @realDonaldTrump (2:31 PM - 11 Jan 2017) ''Twitter''.</ref>}}

While a large number of the Russian oligarchs aren't actually ''ethnic'' Russians, this fact does not diminish their close connection to Russia and Putin. Many were born in now-independent former Soviet States and/or are ethnically [[Jewish]].<ref>{{wpa|Russian oligarch}}</ref> Many of them wield the power of mobsters: for one, a person could easily end up 
[[Extrajudicial punishment|getting iced]]
 having a most unfortunate 
accident
 heart attack, simply by reporting something previously unpublished about an oligarch. In fact, this happens quite a lot.<ref>{{wpa|List of journalists killed in Russia}}</ref>

Trump, who has had known American mafia ties,<ref>[https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/05/donald-trump-2016-mob-organized-crime-213910 Just What Were Donald Trump's Ties to the Mob?] by David Cay Johnston (May 22, 2016) ''Politico''.</ref> would have no problems doing business with mafia-connected oligarchs in other countries. In fact, much of his known business dealings with Russian oligarchs boil down to his ties to the mafia, such as {{wpl|Felix Sater||,}} a businessman who has dealt with Russian mobsters.<ref>[https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm0338 Treasury Designates Russian Oligarchs, Officials, and Entities in Response to Worldwide Malign Activity] (April 6, 2018) U. S. Department of the Treasury</ref>

According to ''Time'' magazine, the most obvious example of Trump and his Russian satellite business' interests is {{wpl|Trump SoHo||:}}

{{quotebox|A lawsuit claimed that the business group, Bayrock, underpinning Trump Soho was supported by criminal Russian financial interests. While its initial claim absolved Trump of knowledge of those activities, Trump himself later took on the group's principal partner as a senior advisor in the Trump organization.}}

Bayrock went on to be involved with a number of Trump projects globally.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nesbit|first1=Jeff|title=[http://time.com/4433880/donald-trump-ties-to-russia/ Donald Trump's Many, Many, Many, Many Ties to Russia]|work=TIME.com|date=August 2, 2016}}</ref> {{wpl|Tevfik Arif||,}} born in [[Kazakhstan]], was the founder of Bayrock Group.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20160326071559/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/controversial-kazakhstan-businessman-front-runner-to-buy-villa-9457082.html Aston Villa takeover: Business associate of US billionaire Donald Trump current 'front-runner'. Exclusive: Club need owner with deep pockets after annual losses of £52m last year and may have found them in Tevfik Arif] by Russell Lynch (Thursday 29 May 2014) ''The Independent'' (archived copy from March 26, 2016).</ref> Arif was accused of running an [[Pedophilia|underage]] [[prostitution]] ring on his yacht, the ''Savarona'', in 2010 by [[Turkish]] authorities, but was acquitted of all charges a year later.<ref>[http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/trump-pal-busted-allegedly-running-hooker-ring-yacht-article-1.191136 Trump pal busted for allegedly running hooker ring on yacht] by Brian Kates & Rich Schapiro (Friday, October 1, 2010, 4:00 AM) ''Daily News''.</ref><ref name=ap>[http://web.archive.org/web/20160330081726/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/02/tevfik-arif Kazakh businessman Tevfik Arif denies sex party allegations. Arif describes charges that he bankrolled party on Turkish yacht – once used by Kemal Ataturk – as 'imaginary'. Update: In April 2011, Tevfik Arif was acquitted of all charges] Monday 2 April 2012 07.26 EDT) ''Associated Press' (archived copy from March 30, 2016).</ref> "Turkey deported nine Russian and Ukrainian women, including two under the legal age of consent, after authorities said they broke a prostitution ring aboard the Savarona…"<ref name=ap/>

The other development for Bayrock was the Sapir Organization, whose founder {{wpl|Tamir Sapir}} was from Georgia (the former Soviet republic, not the U.S. state). A Bayrock official also "brokered a $50 million investment in Trump SoHo and three other Bayrock projects by an [[Iceland]]ic firm preferred by wealthy Russians 'in favor with' President Vladimir V. Putin", according to ''[[The New York Times]]''.<ref name=NYTFraud>{{cite news|last1=Mcintire|first1=Mike|title=[http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/06/us/politics/donald-trump-soho-settlement.html Donald Trump Settled a Real Estate Lawsuit, and a Criminal Case Was Closed]|work=The New York Times|date=April 5, 2016}}</ref> The suspicion surrounding the project meant that Bayrock's finance chief Jody Kiss sued Trump for fraud.<ref name=NYTFraud /> Russian-born Felix Sater, another important Bayrock figure, has deep business connections to Trump; in 2010, he was his "Senior Advisor".<ref name=behar>[http://www.forbes.com/sites/richardbehar/2016/10/03/donald-trump-and-the-felon-inside-his-business-dealings-with-a-mob-connected-hustler/#320c678d1e02 Donald Trump And The Felon: Inside His Business Dealings With A Mob-Connected Hustler] by Richard Behar (Oct 3, 2016 @ 07:59 AM) ''Forbes''.</ref> Sater has two felony convictions (assault and racketeering) and organized crime ties (Genovese and Bonanno crime families).<ref name=behar/><ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/russian-organized-crime.htm Russian Organized Crime] GlobalSecurity.org (accessed December 29, 2016)</ref> As it turns out, Sater is a long-time FBI informant who has relationships with six people on special counsel Robert Mueller's team.<ref>[https://www.buzzfeed.com/anthonycormier/felix-sater-trump-russia-undercover-us-spy The Asset: How A Player In The Trump-Russia Scandal Led A Double Life As An American Spy] by Anthony Cormier & Jason Leopold (March 12, 2018, at 8:56 a.m.) ''Buzzfeed''.</ref>

{{wpl|Alimzhan Tokhtakhunov|Alimzhan "Taiwanchik" Tokhtakhounov,}} an ethnic Uyghur from [[Uzbekistan]], has been accused of running an illegal [[gambling]] operation out of Trump Tower.<ref name=fbi>[http://archive.is/Y3WNb Manhattan U.S. Attorney Charges 34 Members and Associates of Two Russian-American Organized Crime Enterprises with Operating International Sportsbooks That Laundered More Than $100 Million: Twelve Charged with Racketeering, Others Charged with Money Laundering, Extortion, Fraud, Operating Illegal Poker Rooms in New York City; One Enterprise Allegedly Laundered Money from Russia, Ukraine Through Cyprus Shell Companies, Bank Accounts to U.S.] (April 16, 2013) FBI: New York Field Office (archived copy)</ref><ref name=mj>[http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/09/trump-russian-mobster-tokhtakhounov-miss-universe-moscow How Did an Alleged Russian Mobster End Up on Trump's Red Carpet? And here's a coincidence: The guy was indicted for being part of a global gambling ring run out of Trump Tower The ring was busted in Trump Tower in 2013 but Tokhtakhounov was not present] by David Corn and Hannah Levintova (Sep. 14, 2016 5:00 AM) ''Mother Jones''</ref> Tokhtakhounov was also indicted for rigging the 2002 Olympics.<ref name=fbi/><ref name=mj/> Tokhtakhounov was a VIP attendee at Trump's Miss Universe 2013 pagent held in Moscow.<ref name=fbi/><ref name=mj/> He is reportedly now living in Russia and is still wanted by the FBI<ref name=mj/> (at least until January 20, 2016). {{wpl|Aras Agalarov||,}} an ethnic Azeri, was reportedly Trump's liaison to Putin during the 2013 pageant, for which he and others paid Trump $14 million.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/inside-trumps-financial-ties-to-russia-and-his-unusual-flattery-of-vladimir-putin/2016/06/17/dbdcaac8-31a6-11e6-8ff7-7b6c1998b7a0_story.html Inside Trump’s financial ties to Russia and his unusual flattery of Vladimir Putin] by Tom Hamburger et al. (June 17, 2016) ''Washington Post''.</ref>

Trump's first real estate venture in Toronto was a partnership with two Russian-[[Canadian]] entrepreneurs. "The hotel's developer Talon International is run by Val Levitan and {{wpl|Alex Shnaider||,}} two Russian-Canadian entrepreneurs. Levitan made his fortune manufacturing slot machines and creating bank note validation technology, and Shnaider earned his in the post-''glasnost'' steel trade," wrote ''Toronto Life'' in 2013.<ref>{{cite news|last1=McClaren|first1=Leah|title=[http://torontolife.com/city/toronto-trump-tower-lawsuit-feature/ Trumped: the multi-million-dollar lawsuit over Toronto’s most controversial new condo-hotel]|work=Toronto Life|date=July 2, 2013}}</ref> When Trump Sr. built a tower in [[Panama]] in 2008, [[Donald Trump Jr.]] said at a real estate conference, "Russians make up a pretty disproportionate cross-section of a lot of our assets. We see a lot of money pouring in from Russia".<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/inside-trumps-financial-ties-to-russia-and-his-unusual-flattery-of-vladimir-putin/2016/06/17/dbdcaac8-31a6-11e6-8ff7-7b6c1998b7a0_story.html "Inside Trump's financial ties to Russia and his unusual flattery of Vladimir Putin"] by Tom Hamburger et al. (June 17, 2016). ''Washington Post''. [https://archive.is/91mrZ Archived] from the original.</ref>

===59 individuals connecting Trump to Russia===
Journalist Craig Unger documented 59 people that connected Trump to Russia.<ref name=unger>''House of Trump, House of Putin: The Untold Story of Donald Trump and the Russian Mafia'' by Craig Unger (2018) Dutton. ISBN 152474350X. pp. 265-279.</ref> Not all of these connections necessarily involved criminality, but they at least demonstrate the extent of Trump's deceit about having "nothing to do with Russia".<ref name=unger/>
{{collist|3|
#{{wpl|Roman Abramovich}} {{lived|1966}} — oligarch, has hosted Ivanka Trump
#{{wpl|Aras Agalarov}} {{lived|1955}} (see above and below)
#{{wpl|Emin Agalarov}} (see below)
#{{wpl|Evsei Agron}} {{lived|1932|1985}} — Russian mafia boss in Brooklyn, operated out of a El Caribe Country Club, once co-owned by Michael Cohen's uncle
#{{wpl|Rinat Akhmetshin}} — former Soviet counterintelligence, attended the 2016 Trump Tower meeting
#Tevfik Arif (see above)
#{{wpl|Marat Balagula}} {{lived|1943}} — Agron's successor, also operating out of El Caribe; purchased 5 apartments at Trump Tower
#{{wpl|Boris Birshtein}} {{lived|1947}} — founded Seabeco SA under KGB direction, worked with his son-in-law Alex Shnaider, who built Trump Tower in Toronto
#David Bogatin — bought 5 apartments in Trump Tower as an alleged money laundering scheme
#Jacob Bogatin — David's brother, part of Semion Mogilevich's mafia family
#{{wpl|Oleg Boyko}} — purchased a Trump Tower apartment that he sold to Vadim Trincher
#{{wpl|Mikhail Chernoy}} {{lived|1952}} — oligarch, believed by the FBI to be a mafia figure, partner of Semyon Kislin
#{{wpl|Vitaly Churkin}} {{lived|1952|2017}} — Russian ambassador to the [[United Nations]], arranged for Trump's 1987 Moscow trip
#{{wpl|Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen}} {{lived|1966}} — Trump's consigliere; his uncle was co-owner of the Russian Mafia's base of operations in Brooklyn, El Caribe Country Club; Cohen's father-in-law is connected to a Russian oligarch; also see below
#{{wpl|Oleg Deripaska}} {{lived|1968}} — Paid Paul Manafort $10 million to advance Putin's agenda; Manafort owed Deripaska $19 million after a failed business deal, a debt that was forgiven allegedly in return for Trump campaign information
#Natalie Dubinina — daughter of former-ambassador Dubinin, stated that there was a concerted Soviet effort to recruit Trump
#{{wpl|Yuri Dubinin}} {{lived|1930|2013}} — former Soviet ambassador to the UN, US and France, invited Trump to Moscow in 1987
#{{wpl|Dmitry Firtash}} {{lived|1965}} — Ukrainian pro-Putin oligarch, partner of Mogilevich and Manafort
#[[Michael Flynn]] (see above and below)
#[[Rick Gates]] (see above and below)
#David Geovanis — arranged for Trump's 1996 meetings in Moscow, later worked for Deripaska
#{{wpl|Rob Goldstone}} {{lived|1960}} — music promoter, worked with Emin Agalarov, arranged the Trump Tower meeting
#Anatoly Golubchik — convicted of running a gambling ring out of Trump Tower, owned a Trump condo in Florida, listed as affiliated with Mogilevich in the [[Panama Papers]]
#{{wpl|Vyacheslav Ivankov|Vyacheslav "Yaponchik" Ivankov}} {{lived|1940|2009}} — Brooklyn Russian mafia boss who resided in Trump Tower, frequented Trump's Atlantic City casino, co-owner of Arbat company with Mogilevich
#{{wpl|Irakly Kaveladze}} {{lived|1965}} — business associate of Aras Agalarov, attended the Trump Tower meeting
#{{wpl|Viktor Khrapunov}} — Kazkah energy minsiter, alleged to have stolen billions in public funds and laundered the funds through shell companies and through apartments in Trump SoHo
#{{wpl|Konstantin Kilimnik}} {{lived|1970}} — worked for Manafort, met with Manfort during the 2016 Trump campaign regarding obtaining briefings for Deripaska, found a company with ties to [[Cambridge Analytica]]
#Semyon "Sam" Kislin — supplied televisions for Trump in the 1970s, partnered with Tamir Sapir and Bayrock to fund Trump Soho
#{{wpl|Sergey Kislyak}} {{lived|1950}} — Russian ambassador to the US, had secret meetings with Trump campaign officials (including Flynn and Sessions)
#{{wpl|Simon Kukes}} {{lived|1946|2019}} — picked by Putin to head Yukos Oil, contributed more than $280,000 to Trump entities, owned an apartment at Trump Parc
#{{wpl|Bennett LeBow}} {{lived|1937}} — accompanied Trump to Moscow in 1996
#{{wpl|Lev Avnerovich Leviev|Lev Leviev}} {{lived|1956}} — business relationship with Jared Kushner, close ties with Tamir Sapir
#{{wpl|Howard Lorber}} {{lived|1948}} — accompanied Trump to Moscow in 1996
#{{wpl|Yuri Luzhkov}} {{lived|1936}} — Moscow mayor from 1992-2010, was at the top of the Moscow corruption pyramid according to the former US ambassador to Russia, Trump's meetings in Moscow were held in the city hall under his aegis
#[[Paul Manafort]] (see above and below)
#{{wpl|Alexander Mashkevich}} {{lived|1954}} — Kazakh oligarch, alleged ties to the Russian mafia, was a primary investor in Bayrock
#{{wpl|Sergei Mikhailov (businessman)|Sergei Mikhailov}} {{lived|1958}} — longtime partner of Mogilevich, involved in sophisticated financial scams and money laundering, expressed interested in 2013 in backing a Trump Tower in Moscow, allegedly met with Trump
#{{wpl|Semion Mogilevich}} {{lived|1946}} — FBI Ten Most Wanted list, Russian mafia, his underlings have paid for a lot of Trump properties
#{{wpl|Helly Nahmad (New York)|Hillel "Helly" Nahmad}} {{lived|1978}} — operated an illegal gambling operation, owned a whole floor of Trump Tower, alleged money launderer
#Eduard Nektalov {{lived||2004}} — Uzbek [[diamond]] dealer who owned a condo in Trump Tower, was investigated by the US Treasury Department for money laundering, murdered on 6<sup>th</sup> Avenue after it was rumored that he would cooperate
#Alexandre Ventura Noguiera — primary broker of Trump Ocean Beach in Panama, marketed primarily to Russians
#{{wpl|Carter Page}} {{lived|1971}} — Trump campaign's foreign policy adviser, met with senior Russian officials in Moscow in July 2016, Russian intelligence had attempted to recruit him in 2013
#{{wpl|George Papadopoulos}} {{lived|1987}} — see below
#{{wpl|Sergei Polonsky}} {{lived|1972}} — Russian oligarch, convicted of fraud in Russia but served no time, Felix Sater worked for Polonsky at the same time as for Trump
#{{wpl|Vadim Rabinovich}} {{lived|1953}} — pro-Russia Ukrainian oligarch; with Lorber and LeBow, he escorted Trump around Moscow
#Vladimir Rezin – former-deputy mayor of Moscow, negotiated with Trump over a proposed residential complex
#Rotem Rosen — chief lieutenant of Lev Leviev, married to Tamir Sapir's daughter, negotiated the proposed Trump Tower Moscow
#{{wpl|Dmitry Rybolovlev}} {{lived|1966}} — owns a 3.3% stake in the Bank of Cyprus, reputed to be a haven for money laundering, purchased a mega-mansion from Trump at an inflated price in 2008
#{{wpl|Tamir Sapir}} {{lived|1946/1947|2014}} — associated with the Brooklyn Russian mafia, partnered with Bayrock to finance Trump SoHo
#{{wpl|Felix Sater}} {{lived|1966}} — plead guilty to a mafia-orchestrated $40 million stock fraud in 1998, childhood friend of Michael Cohen, accompanied to Ivanka and Donald Jr. to Russia in 2006, senior adviser to Bayrock including on Trump SoHo
#{{wpl|Alex Shnaider}} {{lived|1968}} — developed the Trump Tower in Toronto, son-in-law of Boris Birshtein
#Eric Sitarchuk — lawyer for Jacob Bogatin (Mogilevich's lieutenant) and for Trump
#[[Roger Stone]] — see below
#{{wpl|Gennady Timchenko}} {{lived|1952}} — Russian oligarch; his company Sibur is one of the largest clients of Navigator Holdings, of which Commerce Secretary {{wpl|Wilbur Ross}} owns the majority share
#Vadim Trincher — leader of two Russian-American crime families, laundered money from the 63<sup>rd</sup> floor of Trump Tower until his arrest in 2013
#Alimzhan "Taiwanchik" Tokhtakhounov {{lived|1949}} — see above
#{{wpl|Viktor Vekselberg}} {{lived|1957}} — within Putin's inner circle, became the largest shareholder of the Bank of Cyprus at the time the Wilbur Ross was its vice chair
#{{wpl|Natalia Veselnitskaya}} {{lived|1975}} — see below
#{{wpl|Viktor Yanukovych}} {{lived|1950}} — Putin's puppet, became president of the Ukraine under the aegis of Manafort
}}

==Investigations into the Trump-Russia connection and their revelations==
[[File:55 Savushkina Street.jpg|thumb|right|325px|Former offices of the Internet Research Agency in St. Petersburg, Russia.]]
{{cquote|I wanna caution you that the people who speculate about federal investigations usually do not know all the relevant facts. We do not try cases on television or Congressional hearings. Most anonymous leaks are not from officials who are actually conducting these investigations.|||Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein<ref name="CBS"/>}}

===2016 and earlier===
{{cquote|Buddy our boy can become president of the USA and we can engineer it. I will get all of Putins [sic] team to buy in on this, I will manage this process.||| An email from Felix Sater to Michael Cohen<ref name="WP-events"/>}}

In November 2013, Donald Trump went to Moscow for the Miss Universe pageant, hosted at a property belonging to Aras Agalarov. Trump praised Agalarov on Twitter and wrote that a Trump Tower in Moscow is next. Since the early 2000s, Russian-born developer Felix Sater has been in contact with the Trump Organization. His Bayrock Group partnered with the Trump Organization on the Manhattan hotel Trump Soho.<ref group="note">Its name was changed in November 2017.</ref> His primary contacts are Donald Trump himself, his son [[Donald Trump Jr.]], his daughter Ivanka Trump, and Michael Cohen, who joined the Trump Organization in 2007. In September 2015, after Trump announced he was running for President, Sater arranged for a meeting with Cohen to discuss a possible project in Moscow. In a letter to Cohen, Sater wrote he wanted to "help world peace and make a lot of money", in spite of allegedly having ties to organized crime. Cohen continued to communicate with Sater and other Russian contacts about the Moscow Project until June 2016. In July, Trump went on Twitter to deny that he had any investments in Russia.<ref name="WP-events">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/11/29/events-that-lead-trumps-abandoned-moscow-deal-michael-cohens-latest-plea-agreement/?utm_term=.6a30f2c3e1e6 The events that led to Trump’s abandoned Moscow deal and Michael Cohen’s latest plea agreement]. ''Washington Post''. November 29, 2018. </ref>

A 2019 court filing revealed that the Russian effort to interfere in the U.S. 2016 presidential election began as early as 2014 in St. Petersburg, Russia. An organization known as the {{wpl|Internet Research Agency|}} (IRA) employed technologically savvy Russians for its [[troll]] farm, tasked with manipulating American public opinion using popular social media networks{{---}}Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube{{---}}and homegrown techniques of deception and misinformation. The goal was to spread and exacerbate mistrust in not just political candidates, but also in political institutions. The IRA secretly sent agents to various U.S. states to gather information on the various political issues on which Americans were divided, such as gun control. It purchased American IT infrastructure, such as server space, in order to safeguard its true origins and purpose. Trolls were to present themselves as Americans and to make numerous sockpuppet accounts appearing to be associated with various political and religious activist groups. In February 2016, the order was given to "use any opportunity to criticize Hillary and the rest (except [[Bernie Sanders|Sanders]] and Trump— we support them)."<ref name="AP-Mreport">[https://apnews.com/2b8513d4a4224a559d7048edb396cdfd Court records reveal a Mueller report right in plain view]. Associated Press. February 23, 2019. Accessed February 25, 2019. </ref>

In March 2016, when it became clear that Trump and Hillary Clinton were the top candidates of their respective parties, agents from the Russian military intelligence unit, the GRU, began sending malicious emails to members of the Clinton campaign, tricking them into sharing their email passwords. Within weeks, the GRU gained access to the personal email account of John Podesta, the chairman of Clinton's campaign.<ref name="AP-Mreport"/>

In April 2016, while traveling in Europe, Trump campaign advisor George Papadopoulos met Joseph Mifsud, an academic from Malta who claimed he had connections with senior Russian officials interested in helping Trump win the presidency. Mufsud told Papadopoulos that Russia had "dirt" on Hillary Clinton in the form of thousands of stolen compromising emails. Meanwhile, Michael Cohen signed a letter of intent in order to secure a business deal of building a Trump Tower in Moscow. Cohen discussed the matter with Trump himself and his children and appealed to the Kremlin itself for help with securing land and financing for the project.<ref name="AP-Mreport"/>

Paul Manafort, who was making princely sums as a political consultant in Ukraine and Russia, saw a new business opportunity in the Trump campaign. Manafort and Richard Gates worked their way up to the highest echelons of the Trump campaign and made sure their old clients knew of their new positions. After Trump became the Republican presidential nominee, the IRA escalated its campaign to aid Trump and to undermine Clinton. The troll farm began using stolen identities and bank accounts to purchase political advertisements on social media networks. At the same time, GRU hackers began planting malicious software into the computer systems of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC), giving them the ability to search for and to steal what they wanted. Another group of Russian intelligence agents registered DCleaks.com, a website that published the stolen materials.<ref name=AP-Mreport/>

In May, the DNC and DCCC realized they had been hacked and hired a private cyber security firm to address the issue, but kept quiet about it until June 14, 2016, and claimed that Russia was responsible. By then, however, DCleaks.com was ready, and the Russians escalated their leaking campaign. They created a fake online persona named Guccifer 2.0, a supposedly "lone Romanian hacker" who took credit for the hacking and began publishing compromising materials online. This came into the attention of [[Julian Assange]], leader of the anti-secrecy website [[Wikileaks]], then living in the Ecuadorean embassy in London. Wikileaks emailed Guccifer asking for the documents, claiming that their release through Wikileaks would have a much higher impact, to which the Russians agreed.<ref name="AP-Mreport"/>

While Papadopoulos unsuccessfully tried to arrange a meeting between Trump and Putin, the Russians found a receptive audience in Donald Trump Jr., Trump's eldest son. Rob Goldstone, a British publicist for Russian singer Emin Agalarov, son of Aras Agalarov, served as the intermediary between the two sons. Goldstone arranged a meeting at the Trump Tower in New York between Trump Jr. and a Russian lawyer, telling the former that the Russians had dirt on Clinton. Manafort and Jared Kushner, Trump's son-in-law, also attended the meeting, which took place on June 9, 2016. However, it turned out to be about the adoption of Russian children by American citizens and U.S. sanctions on Russia.<ref name="AP-Mreport"/>

On July 22, 2016, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton announced her running mate for Vice President to be Tim Kaine, Senator from Virginia. On the same day, Wikileaks released over 20,000 stolen DNC emails, immediately capturing the imagination of the press. In the wake of the FBI investigation on Clinton herself, conservative pundits and Trump supporters were all too happy with the outcome. Trump himself weighed in, making his now-infamous call for Russia to find "the 30,000 emails that are missing".<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=3kxG8uJUsWU Donald Trump on Russia and missing Hillary Clinton emails] (July 27, 2016) ''C-SPAN''.</ref> Trump campaign officials reached out to Trump confidant Roger Stone, who claimed he had connections with Wikileaks. As the presidential election season entered its final stretch, Russian trolls, who had by then garnered hundreds of thousands of followers on social media, began unleashing loads of anti-Clinton and pro-Trump posts.<ref name="AP-Mreport"/>

On October 7, 2016, Donald Trump was entangled in a scandal after ''The Washington Post'' published a leaked video from years earlier of him bragging about sexually harassing and groping women. But another load of stolen documents released by Wikileaks gave him a respite. An associate of Trump campaign chief strategist [[Steve Bannon]] sent Stone a message of gratitude.<ref name="AP-Mreport"/>

FBI counterintelligence specialists routinely provide briefings to presidential candidates and their top aides on the threats posed to their campaigns by foreign spies because after their nominations, they begin receiving classified information, making them inviting targets. 2016 was no exception. Then-candidate Trump was warned that Russian agents could infiltrate his campaign. At this time, he FBI was already aware of the contacts between members of the Trump campaign and Russia. Former CIA director James Brennan said that his agency had observed suspicious communications between the Trump campaign and Russia, and had promptly informed the FBI.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/fbi-warned-trump-2016-russians-would-try-infiltrate-his-campaign-n830596 FBI warned Trump in 2016 Russians would try to infiltrate his campaign]. NBC News. December 18, 2017. </ref>

The FBI began investigating possible Trump-Russia collusion on July 31, 2016, a hundred days before the election, codenamed '''Crossfire Hurricane''', as its investigation on Hillary Clinton was winding down. It was initially kept a secret so that the FBI could avoid the appearance of being lenient on Clinton and biased against Trump. Agents understood they would not be able to solve the case before Election Day and took the calculated risk that Clinton was going to defeat Trump, judging from poll results.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/16/us/politics/crossfire-hurricane-trump-russia-fbi-mueller-investigation.html Code Name Crossfire Hurricane: The Secret Origins of the Trump Investigation]. ''The New York Times''. May 16, 2018.</ref> Then-President [[Barack Obama]] was aware of the Russian plot, but did not want to be too public about it; he did not want to be perceived as trying to tilt the scale in favor of Clinton.<ref name="NYT"/> It was, however, later revealed on television by none other than then-FBI director James Comey himself.<ref group="note">This is only fair since, after all, he did the same thing during the Clinton investigation. </ref>

In January 2019, the ''New York Times'' reported that U.S. intelligence agencies concluded in 2016 that it was Russian agents who attempted to interfere in the U.S. presidential election that year in order to boost candidate Donald Trump at the expense of Hillary Clinton by planting [[fake news]] stories in [[social media]] and by cyber attacks.<ref name="FBI-Trump"/>

===2017===
{{cquote|I just fired the head of the F.B.I. He was crazy, a real nut job. I faced great pressure because of Russia. That's taken off.|||Donald Trump to senior Russian officials at the White House, May 2017<ref name="NPR-nutjob"/>}}

{{QuoteBox2
|text=In the U.S., a Special Counsel has the power of an attorney. He can issue subpoenas and indictments. He may also prosecute those who interfere with this investigation in anyway, including [[perjury]], obstruction of justice, destruction of evidence, or intimidation of witnesses. When his work is complete, he will submit a confidential report to the Attorney General (or his Deputy), who will notify Congress and decide whether or not to make the report, or parts of the report, public. The final report will explain investigative steps and will consist of either a list of bullet points or a detailed account running for hundreds of pages.|source=BBC,<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39961732 Special counsel: What is it and what is Robert Mueller doing?] (20 February 2018) ''BBC''.</ref> AP<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/b224c81d1e464fd19241069a2eb6058b Waiting for final Mueller report? It may be short on detail] by Chad Day & Eric Tucker (January 16, 2019) ''AP''.</ref>
|width=400px
|align=right
|}}

[[File:Rod_Rosenstein_US_Attorney.jpg|thumb|165px|Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein oversaw the ongoing Special Counsel investigation.]]
[[File:Director_Robert_S._Mueller-_III.jpg|thumb|165px|Special Counsel Robert Swan Mueller III.]]

In early January, Buzzfeed published the Steele Dossier, named after former British intelligence officer Christopher Steele, alleging collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia.<ref name="WP-events"/> Michael Flynn was appointed Trump's chief national security adviser and became the primary contact between Trump and Russia. However, he lied to the FBI about conversations he had with Sergey Kislyak, Russia's ambassador to the U.S., about a U.N. vote to condemn Israeli settlements in the West Bank. He wanted Russia to delay or to reject the vote and to refrain from escalating tensions. This came after the outgoing Obama administration imposed sanctions on Russia for election-meddling. George Papadopoulos lied to the FBI about his conversations with Mifsoud, the Maltese academic.<ref name="AP-Mreport"/>

Feeling he could not control Comey and deeply upset by the negative media coverage, Trump fired Comey on May 9, 2017 for refusing to terminate the ongoing investigation into the Trump campaign's possible collusion with Russia.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2017/05/10/comey-firing-trump-loyalty-238239 The one phrase that doomed Comey]. Politico. May 10, 2017.</ref> A week later, Robert S. Mueller III was appointed as Special Counsel in charge of that investigation.<ref name="PBS">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RhZlDTCvog&t=0s&index=19&list=WL Where Robert Mueller’s Russia investigation stands, one year later]. PBS ''Newshour''. May 16<sup>th</sup>, 2018.</ref> A day before being appointed Special Counsel, Mueller was interviewed by Trump to serve as FBI director but was not hired. If Mueller knew of his future job beforehand, he likely did not divulge this information to Trump.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/13/politics/trump-robert-mueller-fbi-director-interview/index.html Trump interviewed Mueller for FBI job day before he was tapped for special counsel]. CNN. June 13, 2017. </ref><ref group="note">Mueller had previously served as FBI director from September 4, 2001, just a week before the 9/11 terrorist attack, to September 4, 2013. He would have left the job in 2011, but had been asked by President Obama to stay for another two years, with unanimous Senate approval. Comey replaced him in 2013. </ref> Attorney General [[Jeff Sessions]] recused himself, citing a conflict of interest as he was part of the Trump campaign in 2016.<ref name="NPR-fired"/> Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein, as Acting Attorney General, tasked Mueller with investigating whether or not Trump and his associates colluded with Russia and "any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation."<ref name="Guardian">[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jun/14/trump-russia-investigation-explained-latest-news-charges Trump-Russia investigation explained: what we know and what happens next]. ''The Guardian''. June 14, 2018. </ref><ref group="note">See the [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Appointment_of_Special_Counsel_to_Investigate_Russian_Interference_with_the_2016_Presidential_Election_and_Related_Matters.pdf order] appointing Robert S. Mueller III as Special Counsel.</ref> This last point gives the Special Counsel especially broad investigative powers. Rosenstein reasoned that given the "unique circumstances", it was appropriate for the appointment of a Special Counsel independent "from the normal chain of command" to lead the investigation, which would be protected from interference, including from the White House. This is in accordance with regulations from the Justice Department, which allow for an outside Special Counsel to be appointed for an investigation of individuals or matters that present conflicts of interest for the Department or under other "extraordinary circumstances".<ref name="BBC-SCounsel">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-39961732 Special counsel: What is it and what is Robert Mueller doing?]. BBC News. January 20, 2018. </ref>

Amid the chaos, then-acting FBI director Andrew McCabe ordered preparations to be made to make sure the evidence gathered by the FBI investigation would survive further leadership changes, especially if Mueller was fired and his team disbanded.<ref>[https://apnews.com/eda560d7427e4840bd988b0c194ed240 AP source: FBI had backup plan to save Russia probe evidence]. Associated Press. February 20, 2019. Accessed February 25, 2019.</ref>

In his testimony before Congress, Michael Cohen lied about the Trump Tower Project in Moscow; he told them it ended before June 2016.<ref name="AP-Mreport"/>

In a CBS interview aired in February 2019, then FBI deputy director Andrew McCabe expressed worries that Trump would terminate the ongoing investigation into his ties to Russia and obstruction of justice right after the firing of Comey. He and other Justice Department officials discussed how to continue the investigation in the event he was fired or reassigned, and bringing the Cabinet together to discuss removing Trump from office using the 25th Amendment.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/3fd9291303e047998adb53af93f0cdee Ex-FBI official was concerned Russia probes could ‘vanish’]. Associated Press. February 14, 2019. Accessed February 14, 2019.</ref> McCabe claimed that Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein offered to wear a wire during his meetings with Trump. Although the official statement from the Justice Department was that Rosenstein was being sarcastic, McCabe said he was taken seriously.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/andrew-mccabe-says-he-ordered-the-obstruction-of-justice-case-of-president-trump-60-minutes/ McCabe says he ordered the obstruction of justice probe of President Trump]. CBS News. February 14, 2019. Accessed February 14, 2019. </ref>

According the transcript of a meeting between Trump and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and Russian Ambassador to the U.S. Sergey Kislyak in May read to ''The New York Times'' by an unnamed U.S. official, Trump said he fired "nut job" James Comey in order to reduce the pressure of the investigation. Trump initially justified the sacking of Comey using a memo by Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein that pointed to Comey's mismanagement of the investigation of Hillary Clinton's private email server, but later stated that his decision had nothing to do with the memo. Prior to the firing, Trump had asked Comey to halt an investigation into Michael Flynn. ''The Washington Post'' reported that during this same meeting, Trump gave classified information on ISIS to the Russians forwarded to the U.S. by Israel, a key ally.<ref name="NPR-nutjob">[https://www.npr.org/2017/05/19/529171249/report-trump-told-russians-he-fired-nut-job-comey-because-of-investigation Report: Trump Told Russians He Fired 'Nut Job' Comey Because Of Investigation]. NPR. May 19, 2017. </ref>

In September, Donald Trump Jr. testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee. When asked about the Moscow Project, he said he had known "very little" about it, but also said he and Ivanka would have known about other Moscow deals.<ref name="WP-events"/>

In late November, aboard Air Force One, Trump said the following to reporters about his business activities:
{{quotebox|My focus was running for president. But when I run for president, that doesn't mean I'm not allowed to do business. I was doing a lot of different things when I was running... There would have been nothing wrong if I did do it. I was running my business while I was campaigning. There was a good chance that I wouldn't have won, in which case I would have gone back into the business, and why should I lose lots of opportunities?<ref name="WP-events"/>}}

===2018===
====January to July====
{{cquote| It's a disgrace, it's frankly a real disgrace. It's an attack on our country in a true sense. It's an attack on what we all stand for.|||Trump on camera after the Cohen raids<ref name="Mueller-2018"/>}}

In January, ''The Washington Post'' revealed, citing Dutch media reports, that the Dutch home intelligence agency AIVD, which had been infiltrating the notorious Russian hacking group "Cozy Bear" since mid-2014, had obtained evidence of Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. election and had forwarded this information to U.S. authorities. AIVD is presumably the Western intelligence agency that discovered in 2014 that it was Cozy Bear who launched a cyber attack against the U.S. State Department and notified the National Security Agency (NSA). They managed to access the computers of Russian hackers, watch them maneuver inside U.S. government computer systems, and even obtained CCTV footage of those involved. On top of that, analysts succeeded in tracking the locations of the Russian hackers down to a university building near Red Square. In that case, the Netherlands is the first ally to inform the U.S. of Russian cyber attacks.<ref name="WP-Dutch">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/01/26/dutch-media-reveal-country-to-be-secret-u-s-ally-in-war-against-russian-hackers/?utm_term=.d07f21f2c1a8 The Dutch were a secret U.S. ally in war against Russian hackers, local media reveal]. ''The Washington Post''. January 26, 2018. </ref><ref group="note">The United States is not the only target. Various European intelligence agencies have been struggling to counter Russian interference as well.</ref>

In April, the FBI raided the office, residence, hotel suite, and safe-deposit boxes of Michael Cohen in New York City, seizing financial records, computers, phones and privileged communications.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/09/us/politics/fbi-raids-office-of-trumps-longtime-lawyer-michael-cohen.html F.B.I. Raids Office of Trump’s Longtime Lawyer Michael Cohen; Trump Calls It ‘Disgraceful’]. ''The New York Times''. April 9<sup>th</sup>, 2018.</ref> Despite a history of being one of Trump's most loyal aides, Cohen signaled he was willing to cooperate with prosecutors as he was a target of a criminal investigation himself for various kinds of fraud.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jul/02/will-michael-cohen-flip-on-trump-the-key-questioned-answered Will Michael Cohen flip on Trump? The key questions answered]. ''The Guardian''. July 2>, 2018. </ref> The loss of Cohen and his likely cooperation with law enforcement are devastating blows against Trump. In August 2018, Cohen pleaded guilty to eight counts of bank fraud, tax fraud, and illegal campaign contributions. Cohen's illegal campaign contributions include $130,000 to Stephanie Clifford (Stormy Daniels) and $150,000 to Karen McDougal as part of nondisclosure agreements on their extramarital affairs with Trump. Altough Trump denied knowledge of the payments, he later admitted he reimbursed Cohen but insisted that it had nothing to do with his presidential campaign.<ref name="Cohen-Hill">[http://thehill.com/regulation/administration/402906-cohen-pleads-guilty-to-federal-charges Michael Cohen Pleads Guilty to Eight Counts]. ''The Hill''. August 21, 2018. </ref>

In May, ABC News reported that the Mueller team questioned multiple witnesses about donors to Trump's inauguration, including those with ties to Russia, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the UAE. One of the people interviewed was Thomas Barrack, a close friend of the President. Another was Viktor Vekselberg, who allegedly directed funding to a corporate entity created by Michael Cohen to pay various women in exchange for their silence on their affairs with Trump.<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/beta-story-container/Politics/exclusive-special-counsel-probing-donations-foreign-connections-trump/story?id=55054482 EXCLUSIVE: Special counsel probing donations with foreign connections to Trump inauguration]. ABC News. May 11, 2018. </ref>

By July, it was more accurate to call this a corruption probe, as Mueller both expanded the scope of his special counsel and worked with state officials to uncover all crimes involved with the Trump campaign. By this point, Trump and his inner circle were being investigated for (aggravated) identity theft, various kinds of frauds, unauthorized computer access ([[hacking]]), money laundering, accepting illegal campaign contributions, making [[false statements]] to law enforcement, failure to register as foreign agents, obstruction of justice, and conspiracy against the United States.<ref>[http://thehill.com/policy/national-security/397812-mueller-releases-list-of-more-than-500-pieces-of-evidence-against "Mueller releases list of more than 500 pieces of evidence against Manafort," John Bowden, ''The Hill''.]</ref> In fact, the Special Counsel investigation resulted in 191 criminal charges against 35 individuals and three companies, resulting in five guilty pleas and one sentencing.<ref>[https://lawandcrime.com/high-profile/the-number-of-criminal-charges-mueller-has-officially-filed-against-35-defendants-is-pretty-staggering/ The Number of Criminal Charges Mueller Has Officially Filed Against 35 Defendants Is Pretty Staggering] Naham, Matt. ''Law and Crime''. July 13, 2018.</ref> At least one person was fined and sentenced to prison.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/apr/03/alex-van-der-zwaan-jail-sentence-mueller-trump-russia-investigation Lawyer Alex van der Zwaan jailed for 30 days in Mueller's first conviction]. ''The Guardian''. April 3, 2018.</ref>

In fact, the investigation became so complex that Mueller had to recruit more prosecutors for his team;<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-05/mueller-said-to-tap-more-career-prosecutors-as-trump-probe-grows Mueller Taps More Prosecutors to Help With Growing Trump Probe]. ''Bloomberg''. July 5, 2018. </ref> they come from a variety of backgrounds, with experience ranging from the prosecution of corruption scandals, sanctions dodging, to hacking cases.<ref>[https://www.thedailybeast.com/inside-muellers-new-army Inside Mueller’s New Army]. The ''Daily Beast''. July 11, 2018. </ref> Mueller had no fewer than 17 federal prosecutors working for him.<ref name="BBC-SCounsel"/> 

In mid-July, Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein, appointed by Trump himself, revealed that there is a broad effort by the Department of Justice to combat Russian "information warfare" waged against the United States to undermine her [[democracy]] and critical infrastructure. Indeed, the Russian attempt to influence the 2016 Election was "just one tree in a growing forest," he said.<ref name="NYT">[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/19/us/politics/rosenstein-justice-russia.html Russia Campaign ‘Just One Tree in a Growing Forest,’ Rosenstein Says]. The New York Times. July 19<sup>th</sup>, 2018.</ref>

[[Roger Stone]], a political agitator and [[Nixon]] fan who worked for the Trump campaign,<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47002918 Roger Stone: Trump ally, political strategist and Nixon fan]. BBC News. January 25, 2019. </ref> thought he was the unnamed person on indictment from July 13, 2018.<ref>[http://fortune.com/2018/07/14/russia-indictment-roger-stone/ ‘I Probably Am the Person Referred to’ in Russian Hacking Indictment, Says Trump Adviser Roger Stone] by David Z. Morris (July 14, 2018 3:29 PM EDT) ''Fortune''.</ref>(Details below.) His associate [[Jerome Corsi]] not only rejected a plea deal offered by the Special Counsel in November of the same year, but also made preparations for a legal challenge against him. Corsi admitted he would probably be indicted by Mueller because of his links to [[Julian Assange]] and [[Wikileaks]]; the latter was a potential intermediary between the Trump campaign and Russia, assuming they colluded.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-28/corsi-backing-away-from-plea-deal-wants-to-take-on-mueller Corsi, Backing Away From Plea Deal, Wants to Take On Mueller] by Andrew M Harris & David Kocieniewski (November 28, 2018, 2:50 PM PST) ''Bloomberg''.</ref> Besides Stone, Wikileaks also communicated with Donald Trump Jr.<ref name="NYT-Stone"/> Corsi worked for the far-right website [[Infowars]], known for propagating [[conspiracy theories]] and running smear campaigns.<ref group="note">For example, Corsi was a leading proponent of the [[Obama citizenship denial|false rumor that President Barack Obama was not born in the U.S. and therefore ineligible to run for President]].</ref> An email exchange between Corsi and Stone from the summer of 2016 obtained by ABC News revealed that they wanted to contact Assange about the release of information stolen by Russian intelligence, including allegedly hacked emails, in order to damage the presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton. Stone denied this<ref name="ABC-Corsi"/> and pleaded the [[Fifth Amendment]].<ref name="NPR-2019"/> The Special Counsel was also interested in the links between Roger Stone and Guccifer 2.0, a Twitter persona believed to be used by one or more Russian military intelligence agents who stole the emails from the Clinton campaign and gave them to Wikileaks. It was revealed in 2018 that Stone was messaging Guccifer 2.0 on Twitter just weeks before election day.<ref name="NYT-Stone">[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/25/us/politics/roger-stone-trump-mueller.html Indicting Roger Stone, Mueller Shows Link Between Trump Campaign and WikiLeaks]. ''The New York Times''. January 25, 2019. Accessed January 25, 2019. </ref><ref name="BBC-Stone"/>

Mueller has begun looking into Trump's tweets for evidence of the latter obstructing justice.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/26/politics/trump-twitter-mueller/index.html NYT: Mueller looking through Trump's tweets]. CNN. July 26<sup>th</sup>, 2018.</ref>

====August to December====
{{cquote|I write the answers. My lawyers don't write answers. I write answers. I was asked a series of questions. I've answered them very easily -- very easily. I'm sure they're tripped up, because you know they like to catch people.|||Trump on his written answers to Mueller<ref name="CNN-written"/>}}

Curiously, Trump admitted that his son, Trump Jr., met with a Russian lawyer for information on a political opponent, contradicting previous statements that the meeting concerned the adoption of Russian children by American citizens. Trump insisted that there was no collusion and that it was completely legal, and also denied knowing about it at the time.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45079377 Trump Admits Son Met Russian For Information on Opponent]. BBC News. August 5, 2018. </ref>

Although Trump previously said he was willing to be interviewed by Mueller's investigators in person, his lawyers advised him otherwise. Lawyer Jay Sekulow questioned the need for the President's testimony and pointed out that if Mueller were to subpoena the President, the case would go to the [[Supreme Court]] because the question of whether or not a sitting President may be subpoenaed had never been tested in the courts before.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/54ca6c5e93afcb437357a7098569ab4a Donald Trump’s legal team doesn’t want him to interview with Robert Mueller]. Associated Press. August 5, 2018. </ref>

White House Counsel Don McGahn, one of the key witnesses in this investigation, voluntarily sat down for about 30 hours of interview by the Mueller team over nine months. Trump said he allowed McGahn to do so in order to end the inquiry as soon as possible.<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/don-mcgahn-interview-mueller-obstruction-trump-russia-2018-8 One of the Most Important Witnesses in Mueller's Obstruction Probe Voluntarily Sat Down for Over 30 Hours of Questioning]. The ''Business Insider''. August 19, 2018.</ref> McGahn was the main point of contact between the White House and the Mueller team. He left the White House in October.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/3244aae16d7747189697dcfdc0905b3a White House Counsel Don McGahn returns to civilian life]. Associated Press. October 17, 2018. </ref>

In November, a court filing in error suggested that the U.S. government was preparing to charge Julian Assange. It is not clear whether these charges, if any, were related to the Mueller investigation; the Justice Department made no comment.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2018/11/16/668528630/court-filing-suggests-prosecutors-may-be-preparing-charges-against-julian-assang Court Filing Suggests Prosecutors Are Preparing Charges Against Julian Assange]. NPR. November 16, 2018.</ref>

In September, the Mueller team reportedly stopped insisting on a personal interview and agreed to accept written answers from Trump.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2018/09/05/644737042/special-counsel-reportedly-agrees-to-accept-written-answers-from-president Special Counsel Reportedly Agrees To Accept Written Answers From Trump]. NPR. September 5, 2018. </ref> Just before Thanksgiving, Trump announced he had finished answering Mueller's questions in writing, and argued that Mueller was setting up a perjury trap.<ref name="CNN-written">[https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/16/politics/donald-trump-robert-mueller-written-answers/index.html Trump says he's written answers to Mueller questions, isn't 'agitated' by probe]. CNN. November 16, 2018. </ref>

In November, Jerome Corsi told the press that he had been questioned by Mueller's team about [[Nigel Farage]], a politician pushing for the United Kingdom's [[Brexit|departure from the European Union]]. Farage forged ties with the Trump campaign and White House through his friendship with Steve Bannon, the former editor of the far-right website Breitbart and White House chief strategist. ''The Guardian'' reported that Farage was a "person of interest" for the Mueller probe. Corsi was also questioned about Ted Malloch, an American academic living in London who had ties with Farage and informally advised the Trump campaign. When he arrived at Boston's Logan International Airport, Malloch himself was interrogated by FBI agents on his involvement in the Trump campaign, his relationship with Roger Stone, and any meetings he might have had with Julian Assange. According to ''The New York Times'' and ''The Washington Post'', the Mueller team took an interest in Aaron Backs, the top funder of the pro-Brexit campaign.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/13/nigel-farage-mueller-russia-investigation-trump-latest-jerome-corsi-claim Mueller seeking more details on Nigel Farage, key Russia inquiry target says]. ''The Guardian''. November 13, 2018. </ref>

In late November, ''The Guardian'' reported that Paul Manafort had meetings with Julian Assange in the Ecuadorian embassy in London in 2013, 2015, and 2016, when he became a key figure in the Trump campaign. Wikileaks released a store of emails stolen from the Democratic Nomination Committee by Russian intelligence after Manafort met Assange in March 2016. Although it remains unclear why Manafort visited Assange, their communication is likely to be of interest to the Mueller probe. Manafort could have been a key witness and cooperator, but was accused of lying to investigators on a "variety of subject matter."<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/27/manafort-held-secret-talks-with-assange-in-ecuadorian-embassy Manafort held secret talks with Assange in Ecuadorian embassy, sources say]. ''The Guardian''. November 27, 2018. </ref>

In December, a foreign company, whose identity has been kept a secret, was fined for refusing to obey a grand jury subpoena. After it appealed to the [[United States Supreme Court]], and Chief Justice [[John Roberts]] granted a temporary freeze in the daily fine. The Court would issue its final decision the following year. An entire floor of a D.C. courthouse was closed during arguments to prevent the public from learning the identities of the lawyers involved.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/02/politics/supreme-court-mueller-related-grand-jury/index.html Supreme Court teed up to act on mystery Mueller-related grand jury case]. CNN. January 2, 2019. </ref>

Towards the end of 2018, one could argue that the Trump-Russia investigation was moving at a rapid pace, given the number of people who were indicted or who pleaded guilty in such a short amount of time, the aspects that involve cyber security and intelligence, and the international complexity involved. Another way to gauge its progress and success is how the people in Trump's inner circles changed their tunes, usually from defiance and confidence to diffidence and obedience. Paul Manafort thought of the investigation as "the battle to prove our innocence", but then accepted a plea deal with Mueller. Michael Cohen started out saying that he was fine with "taking a bullet for Trump", but later fully cooperated with the Mueller team. Trump's lawyer and lead spokesperson [[Rudy Giuliani]] initially insisted, as the President did, that "there was no collusion", but changed his line to "collusion is not a crime". Trump, for this part, became more and more defiant.<ref name="Mueller-2018">[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/dec/23/robert-mueller-year-of-successes-2018-donald-trump Robert Mueller has enjoyed a year of successes … 2019 could be even stronger]. ''The Guardian''. December 23, 2018.</ref>

The U.S. federal government faced a partial shutdown in late 2018, which did not affect the Special Counsel investigation. Employees of the Special Counsel's Office were expected to go to work as usual.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/government-shutdown-december-2018/h_07e5d0c8b09d78d17073dd5fe38d7cb2 Robert Mueller's team, "exempt" from a partial government shutdown, will keep working]. CNN. December 21, 2018. Accessed January 25, 2019. </ref>

===2019===
====January====
{{cquote|I'm a criminal lawyer. I am not an ethicist. And I defend people against unfair criminal charges.||| Rudolph W. Giuliani on serving Donald J. Trump<ref name="NYer-Giuliani"/>}} 

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|text= In the U.S., grand juries are citizens tasked with hearing evidence behind closed doors. They have the power to subpoena testimonies and documents, and to decide whether the evidence warrants an indictment or a trial. They do not decide whether or not an individual is guilty. A federal grand jury usually consists of 16 to 23 individuals.
|source=[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40823390 What is a US grand jury?] BBC News.
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In early January, the grand jury used by Mueller had its term extended by six months as its initial 18-month term was about to expire. There was speculation that the Russia probe could be ending soon, but the judge issuing the extension made no comment<ref name="BBC-grandjury"/> as she did not sit on the jury's confidential sessions. Mueller's grand jury began meeting in July 2017. Under federal law, the term of a grand jury may be extended for up to six months if it is "in the public interest."<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/04/politics/mueller-grand-jury/index.html Mueller grand jury extended for up to 6 months]. CNN. January 4, 2019.</ref> By this time, Mueller's grand jury had heard dozens of witnesses and approved numerous indictments.<ref name="BBC-grandjury">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46770830 Russia collusion inquiry: Grand jury term extended]. BBC News. January 5, 2019. </ref>

Multiple news outlets reported that Rod Rosenstein was preparing to leave his job as Deputy Attorney General, sparking speculations that the Mueller probe was ending soon, or at least had gathered too much momentum to be stopped. It remains unclear when the exact date of Rosenstein's departure would be. While acting Attorney General Matthew Whitaker assumed direct control of the probe, Rosenstein continued to help supervise it. Historically speaking, Deputy Attorney Generals typically stay for no longer than two years, meaning Rosenstein's departure was likely not motivated by any particular events.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/09/rosenstein-step-down-new-attorney-general-1089200 Rosenstein’s murky departure date renews Mueller concerns]. ''Politico''. January 9, 2019. </ref>

According to legal experts, Mueller almost certainly had Trump's tax returns, but could not release them unless they are relevant to a criminal case.<ref name="NBC-taxes">[https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/get-trump-s-tax-returns-progressive-group-tells-house-dems-n954296 Get Trump's tax returns, progressive group tells House Dems]. NBC News. January 3, 2019. </ref> But perhaps the House Intelligence Committee poses a much greater threat to Trump, since they have the power to investigate his business ties and to issue subpoenas. Of interest is Deutsche Bank, which has a history of laundering Russian money and was the one bank willing to do business with the Trump Organization.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jan/07/trump-robert-mueller-adam-schiff-investigations Will Adam Schiff pose a bigger threat to Trump than Robert Mueller?]. ''The Guardian''. January 7, 2019. </ref> Regulators raised questions about how Deutsche Bank handled transactions from Danske Bank, currently the center of a massive money laundering scandal.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/23/adam-schiff-maxine-waters-deutsche-bank-1108140 Schiff, Waters plan joint Deutsche Bank investigation]. Politico. January 23, 2019. </ref>

''The New York Times'' reported in January that the FBI initiated a counterintelligence and criminal investigation after the sacking of FBI director James Comey by Trump in 2016. The counterintelligence component of the probe sought to answer the question of whether or not Trump "had unwittingly fallen under Moscow's influence", advancing Russian interests at the expense of the United States; the criminal part concerned with whether or not the firing of Comey constituted obstruction of justice.<ref name="FBI-Trump">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46849343 Trump Russia: FBI probed whether Trump was working for Moscow - NYT]. BBC News. January 12, 2019. </ref>

In a rare move, the Office of the Special Counsel issued a statement in mid-January disputing the accuracy of a report by Buzzfeed claiming that Michael Cohen told investigators that Trump had told him to lie about plans for the construction of a Trump Tower in Moscow. Buzzfeed editor Ben Smith said he stood by the story and requested that the Special Counsel clarify which aspects of it were inaccurate. Trump denied the report, claiming that Cohen lied in order to "reduce his jail time", and said that the Mueller statement was "very appropriate". In court, Cohen said he had a "blind loyalty" that motivated him to [[cover up]] Trump's "dirty deeds".<ref name="BBC-Buzzfeed">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46928440 Buzzfeed's Trump lawyer report not accurate - Mueller's office]. BBC News. January 19, 2019. </ref> Chairman of the House Intelligence Committee Adam Schiff said he would like to have Cohen testify before his committee by subpoena "if necessary". In a public statement, Cohen said he looked forward to giving "a full and credible account of the events" in February.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/adam-schiff-says-he-will-subpoena-michael-cohen-testify-his-n960771 Adam Schiff says he will subpoena Michael Cohen to testify before his committee 'if necessary']. NBC News. January 20, 2019. </ref> Cohen was due to appear before the House on a voluntary basis in early February, before reporting to prison in March. However, he postponed his Congressional testimony indefinitely, citing "ongoing threats against his family from President Trump".<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/michael-cohen-says-trump-s-threats-against-his-family-will-n961816 Michael Cohen says Trump's 'threats against his family' will delay his testimony before the House]. NBC News. January 23, 2019. </ref> However, the Senate Intelligence Committee subpoenaed his testimony behind closed doors in mid-February, and Schiff said he expected Cohen's presence before his Committee regardless of his decision to postpone. Schiff also said the House would release all remaining transcripts of the interviews conducted in its investigation of possible Russian interference in the 2016 election to the Special Counsel.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/24/politics/michael-cohen-subpoenaed-senate-intelligence-committee/index.html Michael Cohen subpoenaed by Senate Intelligence Committee]. CNN. January 24, 2019. Accessed January 25, 2019. </ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-schiff/house-to-release-all-russia-probe-transcripts-schiff-idUSKCN1PJ23X House to release all Russia probe transcripts: Schiff]. Reuters. January 25, 2019. Accessed January 26, 2019. </ref>

In mid-January, the Special Counsel subpoenaed three witnesses linked to Jerome Corsi to testify before a grand jury. In November 2018, Corsi rejected a plea deal that Mueller offered to him, saying that he could not plead guilty to a crime he did not commit. This deal would have allowed him to plead guilty to one count of perjury.<ref name="ABC-Corsi">[https://abcnews.go.com/beta-story-container/Politics/mueller-plows-ahead-issuing-subpoenas-associates-conservative-commentator/story?id=60391636 Mueller plows ahead, issuing more subpoenas to associates of conservative commentator]. ABC News. January 15, 2019.</ref>

William Barr, Trump's nominee to replace Jeff Sessions as Attorney General, stated in his confirmation hearing that under him, the Special Counsel would be allowed to finish his investigation. However, he stopped short of promising to release the report that would be handed to him; he said he hoped to release as much of it as possible in accordance with rules and regulations.<ref name="BBC-Barr"/> Indeed, special counsels and grand juries are obligated to keep the information they obtained about an individual secret if that individual is not charged with a crime.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/b224c81d1e464fd19241069a2eb6058b Waiting for final Mueller report? It may be short on detail]. Associated Press. January 16, 2019.</ref> Furthermore, any information that could jeopardize national security would have to be redacted.<ref>[https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/426054-debate-builds-over-making-mueller-report-public Debate builds over making Mueller report public]. ''The Hill''. January 21, 2019. </ref> Barr's comment in a legal memo that the Special Counsel investigation was "fatally misconceived" was a cause for concern.<ref name="BBC-Barr">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46872412 William Barr: 'I will not be bullied,' Trump nominee says]. BBC News. January 15, 2019. </ref> A bipartisan bill was introduced requiring the Special Counsel to submit a report to Congress.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2019/01/28/689500096/mueller-investigation-close-to-being-completed-acting-attorney-general-says Mueller Investigation 'Close To Being Completed,' Acting Attorney General Says]. NPR. January 28, 2019. Accessed January 29, 2019. </ref>

In late January, one of Trump's lawyers, Rudy Giuliani, admitted to ''The New York Times'' and NBC that his client had been involved in discussions on the construction of a Trump Tower in Moscow from the day he announced his candidacy to the day of his electoral victory, contradicting Trump's public statements. Giuliani also said that his client might have talked to Michael Cohen before Cohen made false testimony to Congress, claiming discussions ended in January 2016. When he pleaded guilty to lying to Congress, Cohen told prosecutors that discussions extended to at least June 2016. However, Giuliani later retracted his statements, saying he was merely talking in the hypothetical sense and insisted that even if Trump did talk to the Russians about his Moscow Project during his entire campaign, "it wouldn't be a crime".<ref name="NYer-Giuliani">[https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-new-yorker-interview/even-if-he-did-do-it-it-wouldnt-be-a-crime-rudy-giuliani-donald-trump-robert-mueller-moscow-buzzfeed “Even If He Did Do It, It Wouldn’t Be a Crime”: Rudy Giuliani on President Trump]. ''The New Yorker''. January 21, 2019. </ref>

In late January, the federal appellate court in the District of Columbia upheld a daily fine of $50,000 for failure to comply with a grand jury subpoena against the unnamed foreign company that appealed to the Supreme Court the previous month. Chief Justice John Roberts had granted a pause in the daily fine in December, but a brief decision from the Court removed that pause. The Supreme Court also refused to block the subpoena. The appellate court rejected the company's argument that it was immune from subpoenas under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act and that compliance with the subpoena would violate the laws of its country of origin.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/0cfdce2f555d49a6bf523d490c1c5f92 Company possibly part of Russia probe faces daily $50K fine]. Associated Press. January 8, 2019. </ref>

The Mueller team expressed an interest in the relations between the Trump campaign and the National Rifle Association ([[NRA]]). Trump spoke at the organization's meeting in 2015, just months before announcing his presidential bid. The NRA was already facing scrutiny for its massive spending in support of the Trump campaign ($30 million in total) and for its ties to Russian nationals, including Maria Butina (who pleaded guilty to conspiracy against the United States in court) and Alexander Torshin (a former central banker sanctioned by the U.S. Treasury Department), both life-long NRA members. Trump became a favorite for the NRA when he was running for President, despite his well-documented support for gun control.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/22/politics/mueller-nunberg-trump-campaign-nra/index.html Mueller wants to know about 2016 Trump campaign's ties to NRA]. CNN. January 22, 2019. </ref>

Russian singer Emin Agalarov said on his social media account that he was "forced" to cancel his North American tour. His father, Aras Agalarov, became an associate of Trump in hosting the Miss Universe pageant in 2013. The singer's lawyer said the Mueller team was looking to question him on the ties between his family business and the Trump campaign.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/66215182746849dc91a4ed266f96f8e3 Russian singer with ties to Trump cancels US tour]. Associated Press. January 23, 2019. </ref>

A new poll conducted by CBS from mid- to late-January showed that more Americans considered the Russia investigation to be justified. This was thanks to an increase in support for the Mueller probe from Democrats; the number of Republicans who thought it to be politically motivated remained the same at 83%. However, just under two-thirds of Americans, including a slight majority of Democrats, believed that Democrats in Congress should focus more on passing legislation rather than investigating the President. This poll was conducted by telephone on a random sample of 1,102 adults nationwide; the margin of error is about three percent.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-news-poll-most-americans-now-see-mueller-probe-as-justified/ More Americans now see Mueller probe as justified, CBS News poll finds]. CBS News. January 23, 2019. </ref>

The arrest and indictment of Roger Stone suggest that the Trump campaign was aware that Wikileaks was in possession of stolen emails from the Democratic National Committee beforehand. In an email from October 4, 2016, Stone informed a senior Trump campaign official that Julian Assange was about to release the stolen emails. Stone communicated with Wikileaks via an intermediary, reported to be comedian Randy Credico.<ref name="PBS-Stone"/> According to a court filing by Mueller's prosecutors, the FBI seized terabytes of hard-drive contents from Stone's Florida home, including emails, bank and financial records.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/e4fa7d5d82b74821a6c7e2a597d0258c Stone heads to court; Mueller cites potential evidence trove]. Associated Press. February 1, 2019. Accessed February 1, 2019.</ref>

By this stage in the investigation, it became evident that various individuals in Trump's inner circle were turning against each other.<ref group="note">This illustrates what game theorists call the '[[Prisoner's dilemma|prisoners' dilemma]]'.</ref> Michael Cohen not only pledged his full cooperation with the Special Counsel, but also urged Americans to vote for Democrats in the 2018 midterm elections in order to constrain President Trump. Rick Gates served as the star witness in the trial of Paul Manafort, in which he was convicted on several charges of fraud. Roger Stone stepped up his efforts to insult former colleagues, including Jerome Corsi,<ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/17/giuliani-mueller-collusion-investigation-1110671 The circular firing squad: Mueller targets turn on each other]. Politico. January 17, 2019. </ref> who said he would be "happy" to testify against Stone.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/27/jerome-corsi-roger-stone-mueller-investigation-1128618 Jerome Corsi says he’s ‘happy’ to testify against Stone]. Politico. January 27, 2019. Accessed January 28, 2019.</ref>

Just before the end of the month, acting Attorney General Matthew Whitaker said he was "fully briefed" on the progress of the Special Counsel investigation and announced that it was close to completion, but gave no details.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/fafe6d1f549b425984a1b0ac199d95f4 Mueller probe is ‘close to being completed,’ acting AG says]. Associated Press. January 28, 2019. Accessed February 7, 2019. </ref>

====February====
{{cquote|We will use every area of the law to investigate President Trump and his business transactions and that of his family as well.|||New York Attorney General Letitia James<ref name="Chi-all"/>}}

On the first Monday of this month, federal prosecutors in Manhattan subpoenaed documents related to donors and financial information from Donald Trump's inaugural campaigns. In particular, investigators are for evidence of foreign money laundering, election fraud, and illegal campaign contributions. Under federal law, foreign donations to federal campaigns are illegal. Separately, investigators from the United States attorney's office in Brooklyn opened an inquiry into the possibility of inaugural officials helping foreigners donate to the Trump campaign by masking their identities using "straw donors." However, no one from the committee was accused of any wrongdoing. This new inquiry stemmed out from the investigation of Michael Cohen, who has spent more than 70 hours being interviewed by investigators from the United States attorney's office in Manhattan as well as Mueller's team.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/04/us/politics/trump-inaugural-committee-subpoena.html Trump Inaugural Committee Ordered to Hand Over Documents to Federal Investigators]. ''The New York Times''. February 4, 2019. Accessed February 5, 2019. </ref> New York prosecutors requested interviews with executives of the Trump Organization. People close to Trump told CNN that he and his legal team viewed the New York investigations as a greater threat than the Special Counsel.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/05/politics/new-york-federal-prosecutors-trump-organization-executives/index.html First on CNN: New York federal prosecutors seek interviews with Trump Organization executives]. CNN. Updated February 6, 2019. Accessed February 7, 2019. </ref>

Tom Barrack, head of Trump's inaugural committee, confirmed he was interviewed by Mueller's team in 2017, but said he was not the target of the investigation.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/76b2414a6c024c42b1142c1dbed59b9e Federal prosecutors subpoena Trump's inaugural committee]. Associated Press. February 5, 2019. Accessed February 5, 2019. </ref>

Just twelve hours after Trump's 2019 State of the Union address, delayed for two weeks because of a government shutdown, the House Intelligence Committee voted to share the documents related to its Russia probe in 2017 and 2018 with the Special Counsel, including the full and unredacted transcripts of interviews it conducted. Chairman Adam Schiff said Mueller had already had access "to the substance of the transcripts" but could only act on them after their release. He also said his Commmittee would look beyond Trump's ties to any "foreign actors" who might have influenced him, his family, and his associates.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/house-committee-votes-send-documents-mueller-investigations-ramp-n968371 House Committee votes to send documents to Mueller as investigations ramp up]. NBC News. February 6, 2019. Accessed February 7, 2019. </ref>

A federal judge found that Paul Manafort made multiple false statements to the FBI, the Office of the Special Counsel, and the grand jury, and voided his plea deal. Manafort remained bound by the deal and could not withdraw his guilty pleas. But the Special Counsel was liberated from his end of the bargain.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/13/politics/paul-manafort-robert-mueller/index.html Judge voids Paul Manafort plea deal, says he 'intentionally' lied to the FBI, special counsel and grand jury]. CNN. February 13, 2019. Accessed February 13, 2019. </ref>

Michael Cohen's attorney confirmed to Reuters his client would testify in public before the House Oversight Committee, and the House and Senate intelligence committees before reporting to prison in March. However, Cohen will not talk about the ongoing investigations of the Special Counsel or federal prosecutors in New York; he will only discuss his personal experience serving Trump for a decade. This announcement came right after Senator Richard Burr criticized Cohen for delaying his testimony. Cohen was recovering from shoulder surgery.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-russia-cohen-house/former-trump-lawyer-cohen-to-testify-in-public-hearing-attorney-idUSKCN1Q22F9 Former Trump lawyer Cohen to testify in public hearing: attorney]. Reuters. February 14, 2019. Accessed February 14, 2019. </ref>

White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders confirmed with the press that she was interviewed by the Mueller team. She said that she was "happy to voluntarily" sit for an interview and that the President urged her to "fully cooperate."<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/0b5111abd6664dfea29785c23720cb8c White House spokeswoman confirms special counsel interview]. Associated Press. February 15, 2019. Accessed February 16, 2019. </ref>

In mid-February, the attorney general of New Jersey subpoenaed the Trump inaugural committee. It uses similar language to the previous one by New York, but specifically asks for records pertaining to activities in New Jersey, ledgers, tax forms, contracts and "all documents related to any benefits provided to donors."<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/abb2ef8eb6ec489ea0b59e32afda1746 NJ attorney general subpoenas Trump's inaugural committee]. Associated Press. February 15, 2019. Accessed February 16, 2019. </ref>

William Barr began his second stint as attorney general on February 15. He previously served in this capacity from 1991 to 1993.<ref name="AP-Barr">[https://www.apnews.com/1be1a9a28e8547b486169a2736a044a2 Whitaker remains at Justice Dept. but in different role]. Associated Press. February 15, 2019. Accessed February 16, 2019. </ref> House Intelligence Committee chairman Adam Schiff threatened a legal fight if his committee is not satisfied with the level of access they have to the findings of the Special Counsel investigation. In particular, Schiff said he was willing to subpoena Mueller himself as well as his report. Democrats could use Mueller's findings to start impeachment proceedings. Many Republicans came out in favor of releasing the full report.<ref>[https://apnews.com/468ce93dd6554c2f85287643bebc0d6e Democrats ready to fight to make Mueller report public]. Associated Press. February 25, 2019. Accessed February 25, 2019. </ref>

[[File:Appeal_from_the_United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia_No._1-18-gj-00034.pdf|thumb|200px|The D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals affirming the legality of Mueller's appointment.]]
A federal judge in the District of Columbia imposed a limited gag order to Roger Stone in order to ensure a fair trial and "to maintain the dignity and seriousness of the courthouse and these proceedings," citing the “size and vociferousness” of crowds attracted to Stone’s court appearances and the possibility of his statements prejudicing his jurors. This order bars him from speaking on matters directly related to his trial. It also prohibits him and his lawyers from talking to reporters on they way in and out of the courthouse.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/f83c345c3dcd4514875392115fbde70d Judge limits public comments in Trump confidant Stone’s case]. Associated Press. February 15, 2019. Accessed February 16, 2019. </ref> That judge later imposed a strict gag order after Stone posted a picture of her with what appeared to be crosshairs of a gun near her head on Instagram. It was later deleted. Now, Stone may not comment publicly about his case at all, although he may still raise funds for his legal defense.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/roger-stone-back-court-after-instagram-post-n973986 Judge puts strict gag order on Roger Stone, allows him to remain out of jail]. NBC. February 21, 2019. Accessed February 25, 2019.</ref>

In February 17, ''The Guardian'' reported that Robert Mueller subpoenaed Brittany Kaiser, former business development director of the data mining and political consulting from Cambridge Analytica, which became defunct after news broke that it misused Facebook data. According to Damian Collins, who chairs the British parliamentary inquiry into fake news, this is not a surprise given that Kaiser's work connected her to Wikileaks and Brexit. Collins added that it has become vital for the U.K. to start its own investigation into foreign interference. Her spokesperson said she was cooperating fully with the Special Counsel. She is the first person with links to both the Trump and Brexit campaigns known to have been interviewed by Mueller.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2019/feb/17/brittany-kaiser-trump-russia-robert-mueller-cambridge-analytica?CMP=share_btn_tw Mueller questions Cambridge Analytica director Brittany Kaiser]. ''The Guardian''. February 17, 2019. Accessed February 17, 2019. </ref>

In late February, a three-judge panel of the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals unanimously rejected the argument that the appointment of Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III was unconstitutional. The court also found that Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein's decision to appoint Mueller was impeccable. This legal challenge came from Andrew Miller, an associate of Roger Stone. Miller was subpoenaed by Mueller to appear before a federal grand jury. Miller's lawyer said he was considering to bring the case to a full appellate court or even to the Supreme Court.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2019/02/26/robert-mueller-appointment-legal-1186701 Mueller scores big win as court rejects challenge to his appointment]. Politico. February 26, 2019. Accessed March 4, 2019. </ref>

In his public testimony before the House Oversight and Reform Committee on February 27, Michael Cohen stated that he had arranged for the payment of hush money to an adult film actress and a Playboy model who had had sexual relations with Donald Trump then lied about it to the public and the first lady at Trump's request. He presented a copy of a check from Trump reimbursing him for paying the women. Cohen claimed that Trump considered his campaign to be a marketing opportunity and never expected to win the Republican primary election, or the general election. He recounted overhearing a conversation between Trump and Roger Stone, in which Stone informed Trump that Wikileaks was about to unleash troves of damaging documents about Hillary Clinton. However, he contended he had no concrete evidence that Trump colluded with Russia during the 2016 presidential election. Cohen also presented financial documents which he said showed Trump to be wealthier than he really was.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/47853fad938043b58cf5710cef106af7 'Racist,' 'con man': Cohen assails Trump before Congress]. Associated Press. February 27, 2019. Accessed March 4, 2019. </ref>

====March====
{{cquote|Over the last several years, President Trump has evaded accountability for his near-daily attacks on our basic legal, ethical, and constitutional rules and norms. Investigating these threats to the rule of law is an obligation of Congress and a core function of the House Judiciary Committee.|||Jerrold Nadler, Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee<ref name="AP-judiciary"/>}}

In early March, Michael Cohen returned to Capitol Hill for a closed-door testimony before the House Intelligence Committee, bringing with him additional documents to back up his claims. He pledged to continue to cooperate with investigators.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/326bf84186f74322bff4f16553f37d00 The Latest: Cohen delivers more documents to lawmakers]. Associated Press. March 6, 2019. Accessed March 8, 2019.</ref>

Shortly after Cohen's assertion that Donald Trump inflated the value of his assets in order to reduce his insurance premiums in his public testimony before the House Oversight Committee, prosecutors in New York subpoenaed Trump's insurance broker, Aon. This subpoena requested a wide range of documents, but did not allege any wrongdoing. Michael Cohen agreed to cooperate with this particular probe.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/c6e6439face4401891d120cad641c67b New York authorities subpoena Trump insurance broker]. Associated Press. March 5, 2019. Accessed March 8, 2019.</ref>

[[File:William_Barr_Letter_-_March_22_2019_-_Special_Counsel_Robert_S._Mueller_III_has_concluded_his_investigation_of_Russian_interference_in_the_2016_election_and_related_matters.pdf|right|thumb|200px|Letter from Attorney General William Barr to Congress informing members that he had received the final report from Special Counsel Robert Mueller.]]

The House Intelligence Committee reopened and expanded a probe into possible Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election which the Republican majority closed in 2018. Chairman Schiff announced his committee would also be looking into Trump's overseas financial interests. The House Oversight and Reform Committee, whose jurisdiction extends to all parts of government, wants to call in people repeatedly mentioned by Michael Cohen in his testimony. Chairman Elijah Cummings requested documents related to security clearances from the White House after a ''New York Times'' report that the President order security clearance be given to his son-in-law Jared Kushner despite objections from security officials. The House Oversight Committee also voted to subpoena Trump administration officials over Trump's family-separation policy at the southern border. The House Judiciary Committee initiated an investigation into possible obstruction of justice, corruption and abuse of power by Trump and has issued document requests to 81 individuals with ties to him. The National Rifle Association (NRA) is also under scrutiny. The House Financial Services Committee is focused on Deutsche Bank, which has given millions of dollars in loans to the Trump Organization over the years, and Trump's charitable foundation. It is also working with the House Intelligence Committee to investigate possible money laundering by the Russians and the Trump Organization. The House Foreign Affairs Committee is looking into ties between Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin, including a one-on-one meeting between them in 2018 in Helsinki, Finland, and Trump's policy toward Saudi Arabia and response to the death of journalist Jamal Khashoggi. These could be setting up the stage for impeachment. However, while some liberal Democrats have been calling for immediate impeachment, other Democrats have been more cautious.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/74c2636a96384dd5bf57e20c967b7c50 Looking beyond Mueller, Democrats cast investigative nets]. Associated Press. March 3, 2019. Accessed March 8, 2019. </ref><ref name="AP-judiciary">[https://www.apnews.com/c1c319d8e4c943a482d03195d069e92a House Democrats launch aggressive new Trump probe]. Associated Press. March 4, 2019. Accessed March 8, 2019. </ref>

According to a court filing unsealed in mid-March, Richard Gates was not ready to be sentenced, as he continue to be useful to the investigation.<ref name="AP-Gates-useful">[https://www.apnews.com/d415f72864fd49edb12c5f8add217bc8 Court filing: Ex-Trump aide Gates continues to cooperate]. Associated Press. March 15, 2019. Access March 23, 2019. </ref>

Court records made public (with redactions) in late March revealed that Michael Cohen was a target of investigation starting July 2017, much earlier than previously thought. Robert Mueller's early efforts focused on possible bank fraud and failure to register as a foreign agent.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/63b58a572f844f11889610f04ee4ad1d Records show special counsel zeroed in on Cohen early on]. Associated Press. March 19, 2019. Access March 23, 2019. </ref>

{{Rquote|right|While this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him.|William Barr quoting the Mueller report in his summary.<ref name="AP-exonerate"/>}}
On March 22, 2019, Special Counsel Robert Mueller submitted his final report to Attorney General William Barr. Barr informed Congress in writing he would brief them on the "principal conclusions" and restated his commitment to "as much transparency as possible." Polls show that Americans would like to see the report. Earlier this month, the House voted unanimously in favor of a non-binding resolution urging the Justice Department to make the report public.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/22/us/politics/mueller-report.html Mueller Delivers Report on Trump-Russia Investigation to Attorney General]. ''The New York Times''. March 22, 2019. Accessed March 22, 2019. </ref> According to Barr's summary of the report's findings, released on the same weekend, Mueller found no evidence of any collusion between the Trump presidential campaign and Russia. Because Mueller did not really answer the question of whether or not Trump obstructed justice, Barr asserted there was no concrete evidence for it. However, Barr acknowledged that Russian officials had made an offer to assist the Trump campaign. The end of the Special Counsel probe does not mean the end of legal troubles for Donald Trump, who still faces many investigations from New York state prosecutors and from Congress.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/3053d226815e4c8d905322ea1d8cd1a1 No collusion: Key takeaways from Mueller's Russia findings]. Associated Press. March 25, 2019. Accessed March 25, 2019. </ref>

Barr is expected to release a redacted version of Mueller's report within weeks. It is reportedly 300 pages long.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/3c32a41e93884612bb33069ffb22f46f Mueller report is more than 300 pages long] (March 28, 2019) ''Associated Press''.</ref> Although the Special Counsel investigation officially concluded when Robert Mueller submitted his report to William Barr, a federal prosecutor told reporters that Mueller's grand jury was continuing work "robustly." Moreover, Mueller referred several matters to other law enforcement offices.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/00c3f4de982b4ce79fafba0fced78f45 Prosecutor: Grand jury in Russia probe ‘continuing robustly’]. Associated Press. March 27, 2019. Accessed March 28, 2019. </ref>

====April====
{{cquote|If we had confidence after a thorough investigation of the facts that the president clearly did not commit obstruction of justice, we would so state. Based on the facts and the applicable legal standards, we are unable to reach that judgement.|||Special Counsel Robert Mueller's report<ref name="BBC-report-subp"/>}}
The House Judiciary Committee voted to subpoena the full Mueller report. Democrats are not satisfied with a redacted version, even though Barr said he was censoring classified information, details related to the grand jury, and anything else related to individuals not indicted. Although the vote will not automatically result in a subpoena, it did authorize chairman Jerrold Nadler to issue one. The vote also allowed the Committee to subpoena Trump's former strategist Steve Bannon, former Communications Director Hope Hicks, former Chief of Staff Reince Priebus, former White House Counsel Donald McGahn and counsel Ann Donaldson. These people were likely key witnesses of obstruction of justice in Mueller's probe.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/92c7fbd47c88463ba308ecd573de4b55 Democrats to prepare subpoenas for full Mueller report]. Associated Press. April 1, 2019. Accessed April 2, 2019. </ref>

<!-- On April 18, 2019, Barr released the redacted version of the Mueller report. Despite many parts of the report being censored, mostly in the first volume of the report,<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2019/04/18/713974980/see-how-much-of-the-mueller-report-is-redacted How much of the Mueller report is redacted]. [[NPR]]. April 18, 2019. Accessed April 20, 2019.</ref> it was still more damning of Trump than what Barr said. In fact, the Mueller report shows instances where Barr lied about what was in the report in his four-page summary. For instance, Barr concluded in his summary that Trump didn't obstruct justice at all. However, the Mueller report points out 10 times where Trump may have obstructed justice.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/obstruction-of-justice-10-times-trump-may-have-obstructed-justice-mueller-report/ The 10 times Trump may have obstructed justice, according to Mueller]. CBS News. April 19, 2019. Accessed April 20, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/04/18/trump-actions-mueller-spotlighted-potential-obstruction/?utm_term=.8678c9b0e74c The 10 Trump actions Muller spotlighted for potential obstruction]. [[The Washington Post]]. April 18, 2019. Accessed April 20, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/18/mueller-report-transcript-trump-obstruction-justice-1281245 10 episodes where Trump might have obstructed justice]. Politico. April 18, 2019. Accessed April 20, 2019.</ref> Another thing is Barr claiming that Mueller found absolutely no collusion between the Trump campaign and Russian officials to interfere with the [[2016 U.S. presidential election]] while [[cherry picking]] a quote from the report saying, “the investigation did not establish that members of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities.” while leaving out the rest of the sentence that states, “Although the investigation established that the Russian government perceived it would benefit from a Trump presidency and worked to secure that outcome, and that the Campaign expected it would benefit electorally from information stolen and released through Russian efforts, the investigation did not establish that members of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities.”<ref>[https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/fact-check-what-attorney-general-barr-said-vs-what-the-mueller-report-said/ Fact check: What Attorney General Barr said vs. what the Mueller report said]. The Seattle Times. April 19, 2019. Accessed April 20, 2019.</ref> -->
As part of Congressional investigations into Donald Trump and his ties to Russia, the House Financial Services Committee issued subpoenas to nine banks from the U.S. and abroad. They were JPMorgan Chase & Co., Citigroup Inc., Morgan Stanley, Bank of America Corp., Wells Fargo & Co., Capital One Financial Corp., Deutsche Bank AG, Royal Bank of Canada and Toronto Dominion Bank. In particular, Deutsche Bank, which has lent Trump $340 million, is the primary target of investigation. The House Financial Services Committee focuses on possible money laundering.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-18/democrats-said-to-subpoena-nine-banks-in-probe-of-trump-finances Democrats Subpoena Nine Banks in Probe of Trump Finances]. Bloomberg. April 17, 2019. Accessed April 20, 2019. </ref>

At 11 am, local time, April 18, 2019, Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III's report on his investigation into possible collusion between Donald Trump and Russia was released. Media outlets, journalists, and commentators quickly jumped on it, as is to be expected in a world of instant reporting. Trump's lawyer, Rudolph Guiliani appeared within half an hour of the release of the report on Fox News.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/3d76d66f4ad84b41b64c0392d013a991 Report release an event unsuited to instant media world]. Associated Press. April 18, 2019. Accessed April 20, 2019.</ref> The full text of the report is 448 pages long, with 23 pages of redacted materials. Mueller's questions and Trump's written answers are also included. This was the only instance of direct communication between the Special Counsel and the President. In an introductory passage, Mueller noted the inadequacy of the written format since his team was unable to ask follow-up questions. Mueller's team considered dozens answers to be incomplete, or imprecise. The final set of questions went unanswered.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/98f22511be924ced895ce5c0bfedfe37 Full text of Mueller’s questions and Trump’s answers]. Associated Press. April 18, 2019. Accessed April 20, 2019. </ref>

Trump and members of his inner circle quickly asserted that Trump did not obstruct justice and the report exonerated him. In reality, the Special Counsel left open the possibility of obstruction of justice. He wrote in his report that his team was unable to reach that conclusion based on the available evidence and applicable legal standards. Although the Robert Mueller had to follow Justice Department guidelines which say that a sitting President should not be prosecuted, he pointed to the possibility of Trump being charged after leaving office. The purpose of the Special Counsel investigation was to "preserve the evidence when memories were fresh and documentary material were available." The report neither implicates nor exonerates the President.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/5c15430046a843b4ab8336d538a1e2e4 AP FACT CHECK: Skewed Trump, Barr claims on Mueller report]. Associated Press. April 18, 2019. Accessed April 20, 2019. </ref>

Mueller chose not to indict former Attorney General Jeff Sessions for perjury to Congress because of the wording and context of the questions to him. On the other hand, Mueller noted that Donald Trump Jr., Jared Kushner, and other Trump staff members were in legally problematic positions for their June 2016 meeting at Trump Tower with a Russian lawyer, even though Mueller could not find any evidence that they "willfully" broke the law.<ref name="BBC-8"/>

Mueller's report is now available in book form for purchase from various publishers as well as in PDF for free download from the Internet.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/0f7ce8b6ee244567a6a663db51007ca6 Publishers hurry to release book editions of Mueller Report]. Associated Press. April 18, 2019. Accessed April 20, 2019. </ref>

[[Rudy Giuliani]] claimed that Trump's lawyers had seen the Mueller report two days before its public release and that Trump legal team had been preparing a rebuttal to the report.<ref>[https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/439534-giuliani-trump-lawyers-saw-mueller-report-tuesday-as-they-prepared Giuliani: Trump lawyers saw Mueller report Tuesday as they prepared rebuttal]. The Hill. April 18, 2019. Accessed April 20, 2019.</ref>

The House Judiciary Committee subpoenaed the full unredacted report. Chairman Jerrold Nadler argued his committee was entitled to it and that the redacted version leaves to many questions unanswered. In response, the Justice Department called the subpoena "premature and unnecessary" but said it would "continue to work with Congress to accommodate its legitimate requests consistent with the law and long-recognized executive branch interests."<ref name="BBC-report-subp>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47991337 Mueller report: Subpoena issued for unredacted version]. BBC News. April 20, 2019. Accessed April 2019. </ref>

====May====
Stephen Calk, CEO and founder of Federal Savings Bank of Chicago and former economic adviser to the 2016 Trump campaign, had an indictment unsealed against him in the Southern District of New York, accusing him of approving $16 million in loans to Manafort in an attempt to get a senior-level position in the cabinet.<ref name=merle>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2019/05/23/chicago-bank-ceo-accused-bribing-manafort-administration-job/ Chicago bank CEO indicted on accusations of bribing Manafort for administration job: Stephen Calk used the bank’s resources to curry favor with Trump’s campaign chairman, ignoring internal standards and lying to regulators, prosecutors say.] by Renae Merle & Rosalind S. Helderman (May 23, 2019 at 1:07 PM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref>

==Progress summary==
[[File:Vladimir Putin, Russia Today television channel (2015-12-10) 04.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Michael Flynn (and [[Jill Stein]]) with Vladimir Putin at the 2015 [[RT]] celebration.]]
{{cquote|It is better to be infamous than never be famous at all.||| Roger Stone<ref name="PBS-Stone">[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/after-indictment-pressure-on-stone-is-significant-says-former-prosecutor After indictment, pressure on Stone is ‘significant,’ says former prosecutor]. PBS Newshour. January 25, 2019. Accessed January 25, 2019. </ref>}}
[[File:Rick Gates at 2016 RNC.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Gates in 2016]]
[[File:Maria Butina.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Butina in 2014]]
[[File:Paul-Manafort-mugshot.jpg|thumb|100px|Manafort 2018 mugshot.]]
[[File:Michael Cohen headshot.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Cohen in 2014]]
[[File:Natalia Veselnitskaya at House Foreign Affairs Committee hearing.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Veselnitskaya at the House Foreign Affairs Committee hearing on “U.S. Policy Toward Putin’s Russia,” on June 14, 2016]]
The following lists summarize the progress of the Special Counsel investigation thus far.

===Guilty pleas===
*[[Michael Flynn]], former national security adviser, guilty of lying to investigators. Flynn is cooperating with prosecutors.<ref name="Guardian"/> His sentencing was delayed because he continues to be a credible and useful witness. His sentence will likely be lenient as a result.<ref name="NPR-2019">[https://www.npr.org/2019/01/01/678332805/heres-what-could-be-ahead-in-the-russia-investigations-in-2019 Here's What Could Be Ahead In The Russia Investigations In 2019]. NPR. January 1, 2019. </ref>

*Richard Pinedo, computer programmer, guilty of identity fraud for selling dummy bank accounts to Russian agents.<ref name="Guardian"/> He was sentenced to six months in prison, six months of home detention and two years of supervised release.<ref name="BBC-key"/><ref>[https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/410746-calif-man-ensnared-in-mueller-probe-sentenced-to-one-year Calif. man ensnared in Mueller probe sentenced to 6 months in prison]. ''The Hill''. October 10, 2018. </ref>

*{{wpl|George Papadopoulos||,}} former campaign aide, guilty of lying to investigators. Papadopoulos was cooperating with investigators.<ref name="Guardian"/> He initially faced up to six months in prison,<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45230894 George Papadopoulos: Mueller Proposes Sentence For Ex-Trump Aide]. BBC News. August 18, 2018. </ref> but was ultimately sentenced to two weeks in prison and one year supervised release.<ref>[https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/405636-papadopoulos-sentenced-in-mueller-probe Papadopoulos sentenced to 14 days in jail in Mueller probe.] ''The Hill''. September 7, 2018. </ref><ref group="note">This suggests he has outlived his usefulness for the investigation.</ref>

*[[Richard Gates III]], former campaign and White House aide, guilty of conspiracy to defraud the United States and making false statements. Gates is cooperating with prosecutors.<ref name="Guardian"/> His sentencing is being delayed so that he could continue to cooperate with the investigation.<ref name="NPR-2019"/>

*{{wpl|Alex van der Zwaan||,}} Dutch lawyer,<ref group="note">The lying Dutchman.</ref> guilty of lying to investigators about his work with Gates. He was deported after serving a 30-day sentence on his conviction.<ref name="Guardian"/>

*{{wpl|W. Samuel Patten||,}} guilty of one count of "failing to register with the Justice Department when he represented a Ukrainian political party known as the Opposition Bloc from 2014 through this year."<ref name=hsu>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/washington-consultant-for-ukraine-party-set-to-plead-guilty-to-violating-lobbyist-disclosure-law/2018/08/31/172cf2c8-ad23-11e8-a8d7-0f63ab8b1370_story.html In guilty plea, American political consultant agreed he steered an illegal foreign donation to Trump's inauguration] by Spencer S. Hsu & Rosalind S. Helderman (August 31, 2018 at 2:02 PM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> In his guilty plea, Patten admitted to illegally arranging for an American straw donor to funnel money from a Ukrainian businessman to fund Trump's inauguration.<ref name=hsu/> Patten had worked with Manafort (convicted) and suspected Russian intelligence operative {{wpl|Konstantin Kilimnik}} (indicted by Mueller's team); he has worked for [[Cambridge Analytica]]'s parent company, SCL.<ref name=hsu/> In his plea agreement, Patten agreed to cooperate with prosecutors.<ref name=hsu/> 

*{{wpl|Maria Butina||}} (Мария Бутина), a lifetime [[NRA]] member and the first Russian to be incarcerated, charged on July 15, 2018 with "conspiracy to act as an agent of the Russian Federation, and was ordered held without bond."<ref name=jackman/> At her detention hearing, the FBI alleged that Butina has extensive contacts with the Russian spy agency FSB, and she has exchanged sex for business purposes (presumably espionage), including an ongoing relationship with a Republican operative.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/alleged-russian-agent-maria-butina-had-ties-to-russian-intelligence-agency-prosecutors-say/2018/07/18/a1a4042c-8a01-11e8-a345-a1bf7847b375_story.html Alleged Russian agent Maria Butina had ties to Russian intelligence agency, prosecutors say] by Tom Jackman & Rosalind S. Helderman (July 18, 2018 at 12:26 PM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> She was charged by the FBI but not by the Special Counsel's office, a sign that Trump's signaling of intent to obstruct justice by firing the Special Counsel<ref>[http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/382578-trump-tried-to-fire-mueller-in-december-report Trump tried to fire Mueller in December: report] by Jacqueline Thomsen & Max Greenwood (04/10/18 07:16 PM EDT) ''The Hill''.</ref> might fail. In December 2018, Butina pleaded guilty to conspiracy to act as an illegal foreign agent in the United States, admitting that she acted under the direction of Russian official {{wpl|Aleksandr Torshin}} (the only other Russian lifetime NRA member).<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/13/politics/maria-butina-guilty-plea/index.html Alleged Russian spy Maria Butina pleads guilty to engaging in conspiracy against US] by Katelyn Polantz, Veronica Stracqualursi & Marshall Cohen (Updated 12:48 PM ET, Thu December 13, 2018) ''CNN Politics''.</ref>  In 2019, Butina was sentenced to 18 months of prison.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/legal-issues/maria-butina-russian-who-conspired-to-infiltrate-the-nra-due-for-sentencing/2019/04/25/3ff24216-66ce-11e9-82ba-fcfeff232e8f_story.html Maria Butina, Russian who conspired to infiltrate conservative U.S. political groups, sentenced to 18 months] by Spencer S. Hsu & Rosalind S. Helderman (April 26, 2019 at 12:01 PM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref>

===Convicted/guilty pleas===

*[[Paul Manafort]], former campaign chairman, was charged with obstruction of justice, money laundering, tax fraud, failure to register as a foreign agent, failure to report foreign bank accounts, and making false statements.<ref name="Guardian"/><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-45007127 Trump ex-campaign chief Manafort lied, court told]. BBC News. August 1, 2018.</ref> Manafort was convicted in his first trial on 8 counts of tax and bank fraud charges with mistrials on 10 other charges in August 2018.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/manafort-jury-suggests-it-cannot-come-to-a-consensus-on-a-single-count/2018/08/21/a2478ac0-a559-11e8-a656-943eefab5daf_story.html Manafort convicted on 8 counts; mistrial declared on 10 others] by Matt Zapotosky et al. (August 21, 2018 at 7:48 PM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref>

:As part of a plea agreement to avoid a second trial, on September 14, 2018, Manafort pleaded guilty to two criminal charges, that he cheated the [[IRS]] and that he violated foreign lobbying laws.<ref name=hsu2>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/manafort-plans-to-plead-guilty-to-second-set-of-charges/2018/09/14/a1541068-b5c9-11e8-a7b5-adaaa5b2a57f_story.html Manafort will cooperate with Mueller as part of guilty plea, prosecutor says] by Spencer S. Hsu, Devlin Barrett & Justin Jouvenal (September 14 at 12:53 PM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> As part of the agreement, Manafort also agreed to fully cooperate with the Mueller investigation,<ref name=hsu2/> but then allegedly lied to the Special Counsel thereby invalidating his plea agreement.<ref>[https://thehill.com/homenews/news/418825-mueller-ended-plea-agreement-because-manafort-allegedly-lied-about-business Mueller ended plea agreement because Manafort allegedly lied about business dealings: report] by Chris Mills Rodrigo (11/28/18 09:16 PM EST) ''The Hill''.</ref> He also allegedly lied about sharing polling data with Russian business partner Konstantin Kilimnik.<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/01/08/paul-manafort-robert-mueller-plea-deal-russia-investigation/2485091002/ Paul Manafort, President Trump's former campaign chief, accused of lying about sharing polling data with Russian]. USA Today. January 8, 2019. </ref>

:In early March 2019, Manafort was sentenced to 47 months in prison for tax and bank frauds related to his work in Ukraine.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/2a0f0a862869452584c95830541feda1 Ex-Trump campaign boss Manafort gets 47-month sentence]. Associated Press. March 9, 2019. Accessed March 8, 2019.</ref> By late March, his total prison sentence was seven and a half years.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/7f967313552c4f7fb56c9c1a1cfbb97a The Latest: Manafort gets more prison time, new NY charges]. March 14, 2019. Associated Press. Accessed March 23, 2019. </ref>

*{{wpl|Michael Cohen (lawyer)|Michael Cohen|,}} Trump's longtime lawyer and personal fixer, pleaded guilty to 8 counts of bank fraud, tax fraud, and illegal campaign contributions in August 2018.<ref name="Cohen-Hill"/> In his guilty plea, Cohen implicated Trump directly in some of his acts.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trumps-longtime-lawyer-michael-cohen-is-in-plea-discussions-with-federal-prosecutors-according-to-a-person-familiar-with-the-matter/2018/08/21/5fbd7f34-8510-11e8-8553-a3ce89036c78_story.html Michael Cohen says he worked to silence two women ‘in coordination’ with Trump to influence 2016 election] by Devlin Barrett et al.(August 21, 2018 at 10:30 PM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> Although the charges that Cohen plead guilty to were not related to the Russia investigation (the case was not handled in court by Mueller's team), the FBI had previously raided Cohen's house, hotel and office, seizing a trove of documents.<ref name=rubin>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/opinions/wp/2018/08/21/michael-cohen-trumps-greatest-fear-comes-true/ Michael Cohen: Trump’s greatest fear comes true] by Jennifer Rubin (August 21, 2018 at 5:07 PM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> Mueller's team has been investigating whether this any evidence in the documents connect Trump to Russian illegal activity.<ref name=rubin/> Due to Cohen's guilty pleas, Trump is now effectively an unindicted co-conspirator.<ref name=rubin/><ref>[https://twitter.com/tribelaw/status/1032009084298518528 Whether or not *called* an unindicted co-conspirator, that’s what the sitting president IS as of close of business today, August 21, 2018, a day that will live in legal infamy. That's the import of two of Michael Cohen’s guilty pleas.] by Laurence Tribe (11:58 PM - 21 Aug 2018) ''Twitter''.</ref> Cohen's lawyer, Lanny Davis, said that Cohen has information on whether Trump participated in a criminal conspiracy to hack into Democratic emails in 2016, and that Cohen would be "more than happy to tell the special counsel all that he knows."<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/08/22/cohen-lawyer-lanny-davis-suggests-his-client-has-knowledge-implicating-trump-in-criminal-conspiracy-to-hack-democratic-emails/ Cohen lawyer Lanny Davis suggests his client has knowledge implicating Trump in ‘criminal conspiracy’ to hack Democratic emails] by  Isaac Stanley-Becker (August 22, 2018 at 2:20 AM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> In November 2018, Cohen also plead guilty to lying to Congress about a Moscow real estate project that Trump ("Individual 1") was pursuing at the same time as the 2016 election campaign.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-cohen-trumps-former-lawyer-pleads-guilty-to-lying-to-congress/2018/11/29/5fac986a-f3e0-11e8-bc79-68604ed88993_story.html Michael Cohen, Trump's former lawyer, pleads guilty to lying to Congress about Moscow project] by Rosalind S. Helderman et al. (November 29, 2018 at 2:16 PM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> In December 2018, Cohen was sentenced to 3-years in prison.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/michael-cohen-scheduled-to-be-sentenced-for-crimes-committed-while-working-for-trump/2018/12/11/57226ff2-fcbf-11e8-83c0-b06139e540e5_story.html Michael Cohen sentenced to three years in prison for crimes committed while working for Trump] by Matt Zapotosky & Matt Zapotosky (December 12, 2018 at 7:09 PM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref>
*[[Roger Stone]] was convicted in November 2019 on seven counts of lying to Congress and jury tampering, and is facing up to 50 years in prison.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/roger-stone-jury-weighs-evidence-and-a-defense-move-to-make-case-about-mueller/2019/11/15/554fff5a-06ff-11ea-8292-c46ee8cb3dce_story.html Roger Stone guilty on all counts in federal trial of lying to Congress, witness tampering] by Rachel Weiner et al. (November 15, 2019 at 8:52 a.m. PST) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> He was sentenced to 40 months in prison.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/02/20/roger-stones-sentencing-shows-what-rule-law-is-all-about/ Roger Stone’s sentencing shows what the ‘rule of law’ is all about] by Jennifer Rubin  (Feb. 20, 2020 at 11:32 a.m. PST) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> On July 10th, 2020, [[Donald Trump]] commuted his sentence.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-commutes-roger-stone-s-prison-sentence-after-he-was-n1138981 Trump commutes Roger Stone's prison sentence after he was convicted of covering up for the president] by Dareh Gregorian et al. (July 10, 2020) ''NBC News''.</ref>

===Not guilty===
*In a spin-off case from the Mueller investigation, Gregory Craig (lawyer and former-White House consel to Obama) was found not guilty of lying to investigators regarding his work in the Ukraine.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/legal-issues/gregory-craig-found-not-guilty-of-lying-to-investigators-probing-work-to-aid-ukraine-president/2019/09/04/b1273304-cf26-11e9-b29b-a528dc82154a_story.html Gregory Craig found not guilty of lying to investigators probing work to aid Ukraine president] by Spencer S. Hsu (September 4 at 3:36 PM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref>

===Indicted===
*13 Russian nationals and three companies with Russian ties, charged with plotting to tamper with the 2016 U.S. Presidential election, espionage, and using stolen IDs.<ref name="Guardian"/>{{efn|Internet Research Agency LLC a/k/a Mediasintez LLC a/k/a Glavset LLC a/k/a Mixinfo LLC a/k/a Azimut LLC a/k/a Novinfo LLC, Concord Management and Consulting LLC, Concord Catering, Yevgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, Mikhail Ivanovich Bystrov, Mikhail Leonidovich Burchik a/k/a Mikhail Abramov, Aleksandra Yuryevna Krylova, Anna Vladislavovna Bogacheva, Sergey Pavlovich Polozov, Maria Anatolyevna B Ovda a/k/a Maria Anatolyevna Belyaeva, Robert Sergeyevich Bovda, Dzheykhun Nasimi Ogly Aslanov a/k/a Jayhoon Aslanov a/k/a Jay Aslanov, Vadim Vladimirovich Podkopaev, Gleb Igorevich Vasilchenko, Irina Viktorovna Kaverzina, and Vladimir Venkov<ref>[https://www.justice.gov/file/1035477/download United States of America v. Internet Research Agency LLC a/k/a Mediasintez LLC a/k/a Glavset LLC a/k/a Mixinfo LLC a/k/a Azimut LLC a/k/a Novinfo LLC, Concord Management and Consulting LLC, Concord Catering, Yevgeniy Viktorovich Prigozhin, Mikhail Ivanovich Bystrov, Mikhail Leonidovich Burchik a/k/a Mikhail Abramov, Aleksandra Yuryevna Krylova, Anna Vladislavovna Bogacheva, Sergey Pavlovich Polozov, Maria Anatolyevna B Ovda a/k/a Maria Anatolyevna Belyaeva, Robert Sergeyevich Bovda, Dzheykhun Nasimi Ogly Aslanov a/k/a Jayhoon Aslanov a/k/a Jay Aslanov, Vadim Vladimirovich Podkopaev, Gleb Igorevich Vasilchenko, Irina Viktorovna Kaverzina, and Vladimir Venkov] Criminal No. (18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 371, 1349, 1028A) Case 1:18-cr-00032-DLF, Department of Justice.</ref>}} Many of them, however, are outside U.S. jurisdiction.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/russian-troll-farm-13-suspects-indicted-for-interference-in-us-election/2018/02/16/2504de5e-1342-11e8-9570-29c9830535e5_story.html Russian [[troll]] farm, 13 suspects indicted in 2016 election interference] by Devlin Barrett, Sari Horwitz & Rosalind S. Helderman (February 16, 2018) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> Among the 13 was [[Yevgeny Prigozhin]] (Евгений Викторович Пригожин), known as "Putin's chef" for his catering business and close personal ties to Putin. In 2018, {{wpl|Elena Alekseevna Khusyaynova|Elena Khusyaynova|,}} an employee of Prigozhin under "Project Lakhta", was charged with conspiracy to defraud the United States for interfering in the 2018 US midterm elections.<ref name=zapotosky>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/director-of-national-intelligence-warns-of-ongoing-campaigns-to-interfere-with-elections/2018/10/19/64973a7a-d3b4-11e8-b2d2-f397227b43f0_story.html Justice Dept. charges Russian woman with interference in midterm elections] by Matt Zapotosky et al. (October 19, 2018) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> Among the activities conducted under Prigozhin were pushing disinformation about divisive issues "including [[immigration]], the [[Confederate flag]], [[gun control]] and National Football League protests during the [[national anthem]]."<ref name=zapotosky/><ref>[http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2018/images/10/19/khusyaynova.complaint.pdf United States of America v. Elena Alekssevna Khusyaynova] Case No. 1:18-MJ-464 (2018) United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia</ref> An attempt by the troll farm allegedly led by Prigozhin, a St. Petersburg-based firm named Concord Management and Consulting, to dismiss Mueller's indictments was rejected by a D.C. Circuit judge (appointed by Trump). This may be an attempt to catch a glimpse of Mueller's progress as no human defendant will likely appear at a U.S. court.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/15/russia-mueller-investigation-court-992325 U.S. judge rejects move to dismiss Mueller indictment against Russian firm]. Politico. November 15, 2018. </ref>

*12 Russian military intelligence officers, charged with hacking the Democratic National Committee, infiltrating government agencies and state election boards, unauthorized computer access, aggravated identity theft, and money laundering (using [[cryptocurrency]]).{{efn|Viktor Borisovich Netyksho, Boris Alekseyevich Antonov, Dmitriy Sergeyevich Badin, Ivan Sergeyevich Yermakov, Aleksey Viktorovich Lukashev, Sergey Aleksandrovich Morgachev, Nikolay Yuryevich Kozachek, Pavel Vyacheslavovich Yershov, Artem Andreyevich Malyshev, Aleksandr Vladimirovich Osadchuk, Aleksey Aleksandrovich Potemkin, and Anatoliy Sergeyevich Kovalev<ref>[http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4598902-DOJ-Russian-Indictments.html In The United States District Court For The District Of Columbia. United States Of America v. Viktor Borisovich Netyksho, Boris Alekseyevich Antonov, Dmitriy Sergeyevich Badin, Ivan Sergeyevich Yermakov, Aleksey Viktorovich Lukashev, Sergey Aleksandrovich Morgachev, Nikolay Yuryevich Kozachek, Pavel Vyacheslavovich Yershov, Artem Andreyevich Malyshev, Aleksandr Vladimirovich Osadchuk, Aleksey Aleksandrovich Potemkin, and Anatoliy Sergeyevich Kovalev] Criminal No. (18 U.S.C. 2, 1956, And 3551 Et Seq.)</ref>}}<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/13/us/politics/mueller-indictment-russian-intelligence-hacking.html 12 Russian Agents Indicted in Mueller Investigation] Eileen Sullivan and Katie Benner. ''New York Times''. JUL.13.18</ref><ref>[https://www.ft.com/content/2909ff62-86b4-11e8-96dd-fa565ec55929 Robert Mueller charges 12 Russian intelligence officers]. The ''Financial Times''. July 13<sup>th</sup>, 2018.</ref> The indictments were announced on July 13<sup>th</sup>, 2018. Said individuals are outside U.S. jurisdiction.

*Konstantin Kilimnik, former aide of Manafort, charged with obstruction of justice.<ref name="BBC-key"/>

*{{wpl|Natalia Veselnitskaya}} (Ната́лья Влади́мировна Весельни́цкая), a Russian lawyer, charged with obstructing justice in a money-laundering investigation.<ref name=barrett>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/russian-lawyer-at-trump-tower-meeting-charged-in-separate-case/2019/01/08/0f0303a0-1356-11e9-b6ad-9cfd62dbb0a8_story.html Russian lawyer at Trump Tower meeting charged in separate case] by Devlin Barrett & Matt Zapotosky (January 8, 2019 at 2:29 PM) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> Veselnitskaya was present at the infamous Trump Tower meeting that discussed the possibility of repealing the {{wpl|Magnitsky Act||;}} the Act allowed the US to financially sanction [[human rights]] violators, and initially targeted those involved in the murderer of accountant {{wpl|Sergei Magnitsky}} who uncovered an elaborate money-laundering scheme involving Veselnitskaya's clients.<ref name=barrett/><ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/27/politics/russians-trump-team-magnitsky-act/index.html Russians followed up on Trump Tower meeting after election, Democrats say] by Jeremy Herb (Updated 10:35 PM ET, Fri April 27, 2018) ''CNN''.</ref>

*Roger Stone, charged with one count of obstruction of proceedings, five counts of making false statements, and one of witness tampering. He was arrested by the FBI in Florida before dawn on January 25, 2019. He was released on a $250,000 bail but was only allowed to travel for court appearances in Florida, Washington, D.C., and New York.<ref name="BBC-Stone">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47002713 Roger Stone: Defiant Trump ally rejects Russia probe charges]. BBC News. January 25, 2019. </ref>

*Stephen Calk, charged with attempted bribery of Manafort in an attempt to get a senior-level position in the Trump cabinnet.<ref name=merle/>

===Rogues gallery===
<gallery>
File:Flynn statement of offense.pdf|Prosecution's statement of Michael Flynn's offense (November 30, 2017)
File:Internet Research Agency Indictment Feb 2018 with text.pdf|Indictment against Internet Research Agency, 13 affiliated Russian nationals and 2 affiliated Russian companies (February 16, 2018)
File:Manafort-gates edva indictment.pdf|Rick Gates and Paul Manafort indictment (February 22, 2018)
File:Rick-Gates-Information-Felony.pdf|Indictment against Rick Gates (February 23, 2018)
File:Gates plea agreement.pdf|Plea agreement by Rick Gates (February 23, 2018)
File:Manafort superseding indictment.pdf|Indictment against Paul Manafort (February 23, 2018)
File:U.S. v. Viktor Borisovich Netyksho, et al, Indictment.pdf|Indictment against 12 Russian military intelligence officers (July 13, 2018)
File:Butina mariia - affidavit - july 2018 0 0.pdf|Criminal complaint against Maria Butina (July 15, 2018)
File:Sam-Patten-plea-agreement.pdf|W. Samuel Patten's plea agreement (August 31, 2018)
File:Stone_indictment_012419.pdf|Roger Stone's indictments (January 25, 2019)
</gallery>

==Attempts to interfere with the Special Counsel investigation==
[[File:2018.11.07 Protect Muller at the White House, Washington, DC USA 07796 (45054718404).jpg|thumb|right|375px|A "Protect Mueller" protest at the White House, November 2018.]]
{{cquote|This is a terrible situation and Attorney General Jeff Sessions should stop this Rigged Witch Hunt right now, before it continues to stain our country any further.|||Donald Trump<ref name="Mueller-2018"/>}}
Trump considered firing Mueller (at least) twice. In August 2018, he tried to get Attorney General [[Jeff Sessions]] to end the probe.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/01/politics/trump-russia-jeff-sessions-mueller/index.html Trump says Sessions should end Mueller investigation 'right now']. CNN August 1, 2018. </ref> In case that becomes a reality, a bipartisan bill was put forward to prevent the Special Counsel from getting fired, unless there is a "good cause". Furthermore, the firing may only be done by a senior official from the Department of Justice. However, Senate majority leader [[Mitch McConnell]] refused to bring the legislative proposal to the floor.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/17/politics/mitch-mcconell-robert-mueller-donald-trump-senate/index.html McConnell: I won't put legislation to protect Mueller on Senate floor]. CNN. April 18<sup>th</sup>, 2018. </ref> Visibly uncomfortable with the investigation, Trump has been using fiery rhetoric on Twitter to turn public opinion against it with some success,<ref name="LA-times"/> calling the investigation a "witch hunt," and asserting that it is a waste of money. In reality, the Mueller probe has, by June 2018, cost only a fraction of the annual budget of a large district court.<ref name="Guardian"/> In December 2018, the Special Counsel Office released an expenditure report revealing that in the first 16 months of operations, the Office spent 25 million dollars but seized 48 million dollars by uncovering tax evasion cases. In other words, the investigation is actually making money, at least at this stage.<ref>[http://fortune.com/2018/12/14/mueller-investigation-cost-tax-cheats/ Mueller Probe Cost $25 Million So Far, Report Says. It’s Pulled in $48 Million From Tax Cheats]. Fortune. December 14, 2018. </ref> Trump is also upset that Jeff Sessions recused himself from the investigation, saying that he "never took control" of the Justice Department. Sessions responded that the Department should be free from "political considerations."<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/23/politics/jeff-sessions-donald-trump/index.html Sessions Hits Back at Trump: DOJ Won't Be 'Improperly Influenced']. CNN. August 23, 2018. </ref> 

''The New York Times'' reported September 2018 that Rod Rosenstein wanted to secretly record Trump back in 2017, leading to widespread speculation that Trump would fire Rosenstein, who called the report "inaccurate and factually incorrect," or that Rosenstein would resign. If Rosenstein resigns, Trump has more leeway to pick a successor. Firing Rosenstein makes him more difficult to replace.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-rosenstein/after-chaotic-day-rosenstein-stays-in-job-but-will-meet-with-trump-idUSKCN1M41RY After chaotic day, Rosenstein stays in job but will meet with Trump]. Reuters. September 24, 2018. </ref> Trump later said he had no plans to fire Rosenstein.<ref>[https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/410404-trump-says-he-has-no-plans-to-fire-rosenstein Trump says he has no plans to fire Rosenstein]. ''The Hill''. October 8, 2018. </ref>

In any case, the more Mueller and his team investigate, the more evidence of wrongdoing they find.<ref name="Guardian"/> Because this is an ongoing investigation, Mueller and his team know much more than what has been made public.<ref name="PBS"/> Given the charter of this Special Counsel and the nature of this investigation, it is clear that the Mueller probe must be allowed to reach its logical conclusion. Any attempt by Donald Trump or any of his associates to "fight back" may be considered '''obstruction of justice''', as are the firing of James Comey,<ref name="PBS"/> and refusing to be interviewed by investigators.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/jul/09/white-house-close-to-refusing-interview-with-russia-investigation White House close to refusing interview with Russia investigation]. ''The Guardian''. July 9<sup>th</sup>, 2018.</ref> Trump's steadfast refusal to cooperate with law enforcement may lead to the Special Counsel issuing a subpoena to compel his testimony before a grand jury. The situation might escalate into a (multi-year) legal battle between Trump's attorneys and Mueller's team.<ref name="LA-times">[http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-trump-mueller-subpoena-20180710-story.html# Trump resists Mueller interview, leaving difficult decision on subpoena before fall elections]. ''Los Angeles Times''. July 15<sup>th</sup>, 2018. </ref>

After the 2018 midterm elections, Democrats gained control of the House of Representatives, providing the Mueller probe with additional protection.<ref group="note">For completeness, Republicans expanded their majority in the Senate.</ref> In the scenario that Trump fires the Justice Department leadership and shuts down the Russia investigation, House Democrats can summon Robert Mueller for a televised hearing on his findings. If Trump tries to prevent the final report from the Special Counsel from being released to the public, a Democrat-controlled House has the subpoena power to fight it. Moreover, the House will not ignore the Special Counsel report now that it is in Democratic hands.<ref name=Politico>[https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/07/mueller-house-democratic-majority-970325 Mueller has powerful new House allies as he bears down on Trump]. ''Politico''. November 7, 2018.</ref> However, Trump immediately fired Jeff Sessions. Sessions' chief of staff Matthew Whitaker is now acting replacement. It is still unclear what this means for Rod Rosenstein.<ref name="NPR-fired">[https://www.npr.org/2018/11/07/539109386/jeff-sessions-out-as-attorney-general-after-steady-drumbeat-of-criticism-from-tr Jeff Sessions Forced Out As Attorney General After Constant Criticism From Trump]. NPR. November 7, 2018. </ref> Whitaker, a GOP loyalist and Trump supporter<ref name="AP-whitaker">[https://www.apnews.com/50cd512ab28a410489463b23f762fe96 New acting attorney general is a GOP loyalist from Iowa]. Associated Press. November 7, 2018. </ref> who worked for a company that was shut down and fined for scamming,<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/08/us/politics/whitaker-trump-attorney-general.html Acting Attorney General Sat on Board of Company Accused of Bilking Customers]. ''The New York Times''. November 8, 2018. </ref> is of the opinion that the Special Counsel has overstepped his mandate by investigating Trump's finances.<ref name="NPR-fired"/> Whitaker is openly critical of the investigation and asserted there was no evidence for collusion or Russian interference in 2016 U.S. Presidential elections.<ref name="PBS-Whit">[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/what-the-acting-attorney-general-thinks-of-the-mueller-probe What the acting attorney general thinks of the Mueller probe]. PBS NewsHour. November 8, 2018. </ref> His appointment attracted bipartisan criticisms.<ref name="Po-back">[https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/13/matthew-whitaker-mueller-probe-trump-989429 How Trump’s move to put a loyalist over Mueller is already backfiring]. Politico. November 13, 2018. </ref> In particular, critics question his impartiality<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2018/11/10/666581265/former-ag-gonzales-calls-whitaker-an-odd-choice-that-further-questions-leadershi Former Attorney General Says Whitaker Appointment 'Confounds Me']. NPR. November 10, 2018. </ref> and worry that Whitaker will be unwilling to protect the Special Counsel investigation from political interference.<ref name="AP-whitaker"/> Some top Democrats and protesters have asked Whitaker to recuse himself, but this seems unlikely.<ref name="PBS-Whit"/> Meanwhile, legal scholars are debating the constitutionality and legality of Whitaker's appointment, as he has not been confirmed by the Senate. Once again, there are calls for legislation to protect the Special Counsel, this time from Senators Susan Collins of Maine and Mitt Romney of Utah.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/0ba9cc0dba4547fdaea0d4c300718d44 Future seems uncertain for Trump's acting attorney general]. The Associated Press. November 10, 2018. </ref><ref>[https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/415619-collins-mueller-must-be-allowed-to-continue-russia-probe Collins: Mueller 'must be allowed' to continue Russia probe]. ''The Hill''. November 7, 2018. </ref> The state of Maryland filed a legal challenge against Whitaker's appointment. In any case, given the progress made by the Mueller probe, it may be too late to attempt to stop it now.<ref name="Po-back"/>

In mid-February 2019, Whitaker was transferred to the office of the associate attorney general, overseeing the Justice Department’s civil litigation and matters including civil rights, environmental and antitrust.<ref name="AP-Barr"/> In March, Whitaker resigned.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/ncna978956 Matthew Whitaker has left the Justice Department]. NBC News. March 4, 2019.</ref>

Robert Mueller's report, released in April 2019, points to ten instances of possible obstruction of justice, some of which, such as the firing of then-FBI director James Comey, have already been covered by the media. According to Mueller, Trump failed to obstruct justice only because his subordinates, Comey, former White House counsel Don McGahn and former campaign manager Corey Lewandowksi disobeyed him.<ref name="BBC-8">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47983775 Mueller report: Eight things we only just learned]. BBC News. April 18, 2019. Accessed April 18, 2019. </ref>

==False information about the Special Counsel or his investigation==
===Media reports===
The former President and his team have, on multiple occasions, sought to mislead the public about the Mueller probe. Trump in particular has the tendency to dismiss unfavorable media coverage as "fake news." In reality, the findings of Special Counsel investigation generally support mainstream news reporting on the Trump-Russia connection.<ref group="note">This is surprising, given the amount of rumors and speculations that surround the Mueller probe.</ref> There are exceptions, however. Robert Mueller debunked a story from Buzzfeed News stating that Trump directed Michael Cohen to lie to Congress about the timing of a project in Moscow. He also contradicted an article from McClatchy claiming that Cohen went to Prague, Czechia, in the summer of 2016 to meet with Russian officials involved in the attempt to interfere with the presidential election that year.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/06c88719c3634e66a15adbbc658978b0 Fake news? Mueller isn't buying it]. Associated Press. April 19, 2019. Accessed April 21, 2019. </ref>

===Attempts to smear the Special Counsel===
In late 2018, [[Jacob Wohl]] alleged that Robert Mueller had raped a woman. It is extremely obvious that the allegation is a fabrication.

The office of the Special Counsel broke its silence announcing that it was aware of the matter and had referred it to the FBI for investigation.

In February 2019, posts of a quote reportedly from Mueller advocating for a "one-world government" went viral on social media. There is no evidence that Mueller actually said this.<ref>[https://www.politifact.com/facebook-fact-checks/statements/2019/feb/14/viral-image/no-robert-mueller-didnt-say-we-need-one-world-gove/ No, Robert Mueller didn't say we need a one-world government]. PolitiFact. February 14, 2019. Accessed February 17, 2019. </ref>

==Consciousness of guilt==
{{main|Consciousness of guilt}}
Trump has exhibited consciousness of guilt on several occasions according to some lawyers, indicating that he may very well be guilty of committing a crime or crimes.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/trump-is-desperate-to-protect-himself-but-from-what/2018/01/05/3eeba824-f250-11e7-b3bf-ab90a706e175_story.html Trump is desperate to protect himself. But from what?] by Ruth Marcus (January 5, 2018) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> Examples include:
*"Pathetic groveling" before Director of National Intelligence Dan Coats and NSA Director Admiral Mike Rogers to state publicly that Trump had not colluded with the Russians,<ref>[https://twitter.com/tribelaw/status/866844422226550784 So Trump went, MAGA hat in hand, trolling for seals of approval. Pathetic groveling proves consciousness of guilt.] by Laurence Tribe (5:33 AM - 23 May 2017) ''Twitter''.</ref>
*Potential witness tampering regarding Trump Jr.,<ref>[https://twitter.com/tribelaw/status/892326402908971008 If Trump knew Jr wd need to testify under oath this cd be witness tampering + evidence of consciousness of guilt] by Laurence Tribe (1:09 PM - 1 Aug 2017) ''Twitter''.</ref><ref>[https://twitter.com/tedlieu/status/892173291489607681 This is beyond just consciousness of guilt by @realDonaldTrump. This is a cover-up. Fun fact: Nixon resigned because of the cover-up.] by Ted Lieu (3:01 AM - 1 Aug 2017) ''Twitter''.</ref>
*Claiming that there is a witch hunt after him,<ref>[https://twitter.com/tedlieu/status/951125753948712966 I am a Dem. The evidence shows not just collusion, but also Obstruction of Justice by @POTUS on multiple occasions. The below tweet by @realDonaldTrump again screams CONSCIOUSNESS OF GUILT.] by Ted Lieu (6:17 PM - 10 Jan 2018) ''Twitter''.</ref>
*Repeated attempts to influence the criminal investigation against himself.<ref>[https://twitter.com/tedlieu/status/949088146926350337 As a former prosecutor, it is clear to me that the repeated attempts by @POTUS to influence the criminal investigation against him, such as this attempt to order AG Jeff Sessions to not recuse, screams CONSCIOUSNESS OF GUILT.] by Ted Lieu (3:20 AM - 5 Jan 2018) ''Twitter''.</ref>
*The circumstances under which he fired FBI Director James Comey,<ref>[https://twitter.com/tedlieu/status/862092164200767488 As a former prosecutor, I find Trump's firing of Comey SCREAMS consciousness of guilt and a cover up. We need a special prosecutor NOW.] by Ted Lieu (2:49 AM - 10 May 2017) ''Twitter''.</ref><ref>[https://twitter.com/tedlieu/status/862513195080077312 Article based on 30 sources shows @POTUS fired Comey primarily b/c of the Russia probe. ->CONSCIOUSNESS OF GUILT!!<-] by Ted Lieu (6:42 AM - 11 May 2017) ''Twitter''.</ref><ref>[https://twitter.com/scottdetrow/status/866838627971629056 WaPo: "Can we ask him to shut down the investigation? Are you able to assist in this matter?"] by Ted Lieu (5:10 AM - 23 May 2017) ''Twitter''.</ref>
*Directing his lawyers to explore the pardoning powers of the presidency and ways to undercut the corruption probe, which is proving to be much broader than just election collusion with Russia<ref>[https://twitter.com/tedlieu/status/888218987363835904 CONSCIOUSNESS OF GUILT] by Ted Lieu (5:08 AM - 21 Jul 2017) ''Twitter''.</ref>

==The neverending story==
The Mueller Report received criticism for incompleteness when it came out and still generates criticism into 2024 for being constrained by Trump while he was in office for failing to investigate his "bank accounts, tax returns, cash flow, and the internal workings of the Trump Organization and the Kushner Companies."<ref>[https://washingtonspectator.org/what-mueller-missed/ What Mueller Missed: For Trump, it’s all about the rubles, and Deutsche Bank] by Bob Dreyfuss (Oct 3, 2024) ''The Washington Spectator''.</ref>

During the height of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020, Trump secretly sent Putin scarce COVID testing machines for his personal use, to which Putin cautioned him that publicly revealing the gift would be damaging to Trump's political standing.<ref name=price/><ref>[https://nationalinterest.org/blog/paul-pillar/make-no-mistake-trump-still-has-russia-problem-213273 Make No Mistake: Trump Still Has A Russia Problem] by Paul R. Pillar (October 18, 2024) ''The National Interest''.</ref>

In 2024, Bob Woodward reported that Trump had as many as seven private phone calls with Putin after leaving office in 2021.<ref>''War'' by Bob Woodward (2024) ‎Simon & Schuster. ISBN 166805227X.</ref><ref name=price>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/10/08/donald-trump-biden-putin-war-ukraine-russia-zelenskyy/1cbfa3e8-858f-11ef-8274-e0558282750d_story.html Woodward book reveals Trump's calls with Putin and Biden's private remarks on Obama and Netanyahu: Bob Woodward writes in his new book “War” that Donald Trump has had as many as seven private phone calls with Vladimir Putin since leaving office and that he secretly sent the Russian president COVID-19 test machines in 2020] by Michelle L. Price & Meg Kinnard (October 9, 2024 at 8:22 a.m. EDT) ''The Washington Post''.</ref> Such  phone calls could be violations of the Logan Act which criminalizes private US citizens from engaging in diplomacy with foreign governments.<ref>[https://www.axios.com/2024/10/09/logan-act-trump-putin-calls-explained Logan Act: Why it could be illegal for Trump to call Putin] by Ivana Saric (Oct 9, 2024) ''Axios''.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Rule of law]]&nbsp;— what Trump threatened with his attacks on the investigation
*[[Pissgate]]
*[[Dana Rohrabacher]] claims he is the unnamed Congressman in the July 15, 2018 Maria Butina indictment.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2018/07/17/rohrabacher-russia-nra-indictment-butina-726306 Rep. Rohrabacher: Indictment of NRA-linked Russian is 'stupid'] by Kyle Cheney (07/17/2018 03:09 PM EDT) ''Politico''.</ref>
*[[Iran-Contra]]
*[[Watergate]] - What this may well end up being a second run of.
*[[Internet Research Agency]] - A Russian troll farm that pushed pro-Trump propaganda on American social networks as part of the wider Russian interference in the 2016 US presidential election.

==External links==
* [https://i.redd.it/8c2suvi4f7o21.png U.S. Marine Corps First Lieutenant Robert Swan Mueller III (1968), colorized].
===Factual information===
*[https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2018/jul/27/questions-about-timing-mueller-investigation/ Six questions and answers on the timing of the Mueller investigation].
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COM3Ww3jT70 How Rosenstein protects Mueller]. ''[[The New York Times]]''
*[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/nov/23/robert-mueller-profile-donald-trump-russia-investigation America's Straightest Arrow]. A biography of Robert S. Mueller III from ''[[The Guardian]]''
*[https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/5779699/Letter-to-Congress-detailing-Robert-Mueller-s.pdf Read Attorney General William Barr's summary of the Special Counsel report] as a PDF file
*[https://www.justice.gov/storage/report.pdf  Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election] (the Mueller report) as a PDF file (139 Mb).
*[https://www.insider.com/mueller-report-rewritten-trump-russia-mark-bowden-archer-2019-7 We hired the author of 'Black Hawk Down' and an illustrator from 'Archer' to adapt the Mueller report so you'll actually read it] — a readable synopsis of the report by Mark Bowden

===Fun and memes===
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7Uy0Uznw4E It's Mueller time!] Possible ending?
*[https://www.newyorker.com/humor/borowitz-report/merkel-asks-mueller-if-theres-anything-she-can-do-to-help Angela Merkel volunteers to help Mueller's team]. Make it stop!
*[https://www.politico.com/gallery/2018/08/07/robert-mueller-fbi-photos-birthday-002952 More photos of Robert S. Mueller III smiling].
*[https://i.redd.it/njomupd9jjh11.jpg Expert marksman putting America first]! [https://i.redd.it/b7kvaoknyxj11.jpg Just another day at the office]. [https://www.reddit.com/r/The_Mueller/comments/9sz5sn/mueller_the_absolute_madman/ Rob Mueller is crazy]! [https://www.reddit.com/r/The_Mueller/comments/9szki4/lets_show_our_respect_for_dag_and_mueller_boss/ In Rod we trust]!
*[https://i.redd.it/7tdnzmp6dsa21.jpg Can you tell the difference?] Who's the boss?
*[https://i.redd.it/37o8oi30e7d21.jpg Very legal and very cool!]
*[https://i.imgur.com/fOvVpJQ.jpg Robert S. Mueller III vs. Donald J. Trump]. [https://i.redd.it/7wf9ksym4zd21.jpg Whenever you're ready].
*[https://i.redd.it/i3os2zo4oyd21.jpg A few good prosecutors].

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trump, Donald}}
[[Category:Convicted felons]]
[[Category:Crime]]
[[Category:Government coverups]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Russia]]
[[Category:Trumpism]]
[[Category:United States politics]]

Categories: Convicted felons, Crime, Government coverups, Law, Living people, Russia, Trumpism, United States politics