Antiziganism

[[File:Flag_of_the_Romani_people.svg|thumb|right|165px|Flag of the Romani people, featuring the red cartwheel, a homage to [[India]], from where much of their culture and religion originate.<ref>{{wpa|Flag of the Romani people}}</ref>]]
{{race}}
{{cquote|The genocide of the Sinti and Roma was carried out from the same motive of [[Racism|racial mania]], with the same premeditation, with the same wish for the systematic and total extermination as the [[Holocaust|genocide of the Jews]].<br>Complete families from the very young to the very old were systematically murdered within the entire sphere of influence of the [[Nazis|National Socialists]].|||{{wpl|Roman Herzog}} (CDU), Federal President of Germany, in 16 March 1997.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110928102756/http://www.radoc.net/radoc.php?doc=art_e_holocaust_porrajmos&lang=en&articles=</ref>}}

'''Antiziganism''', also referred to as '''anti-Romanyism''' or '''anti-gypsyism''', is a form of [[racism]] directed against Roma, Sinti, nomadic and Yenish people that were stigmatized as "Gypsies" in wider society.<ref>https://abv.a52.myftpupload.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Grundlagenpapier-Antiziganismus-Version-16.06.2017.pdf</ref> Also known as [[Roma|Romani]]s (not to be confused with [[Romania|Romanians]], citizens of [[Romania]]) or Roma people, they are perhaps one of the most persecuted peoples on the planet.<ref name="amnestyusa1" >Amnesty International; Retrieved July 9th, 2020 : [https://www.amnestyusa.org/roma-persecution-antiziganism-intensifies-in-europe/ Roma persecution – antiziganism – Intensifies in Europe ].</ref> Along with Jews, they were victims of a genocide that is lesser known than the [[Holocaust]] but just as real and cruelly perpetrated by the [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]]: the '''Porajmos''' (Romani, lit.: "the Devouring"). While it is good and necessary that the Holocaust is taught and talked about in mainstream media to demonstrate the consequences of [[Antisemitism|generational hatred against Jews]], unfortunately the fate of millions of Romanis exterminated by the Nazis does not receive as much attention that it deserves.

==Stereotype==
Commonly known as "Gypsies", the term is considered offensive and inaccurate, hence it's a racial slur not to be used in ''ANY'' context.<ref>P, Naomi. "The 'G' Word Isn’t for You: How 'Gypsy' Erases Romani Women." ''National Organization for Women,'' https://now.org/blog/the-g-word-isnt-for-you-how-gypsy-erases-romani-women/ Accessed 18 December 2021.</ref><ref name=brit>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rom Roma], Encyclopedia Britannica.</ref> This is due to the fact that it is derived from the conception that Romanis originated from Egypt (Romanis are Indo-European, from Northern India<ref name=brit />) and that the term is associated with criminality and foul behavior, a stereotype that hurts the Roma people within society. The stereotype of Romanis includes traits such as:
* Romani people being "petty criminals."<ref name="amnestyusa1"/> 
* Romani people being "drains on social welfare systems."<ref name="amnestyusa1"/> 
* Romani people being "foul and engaging in littering, and public defecation."<ref name="mediamatters2">Media Matters; Brendan Karet, August 18th, 2017 : [https://www.mediamatters.org/tucker-carlson/conservative-media-outlets-stoke-fears-gypsies-are-coming-america-and-defecating Conservative media outlets stoke fears that "gypsies" are coming to America and defecating in the streets].</ref>
* Romani people being "child kidnappers."

==History==
===Romani genocide===
<center>
{|
| [[File:Bundesarchiv_R_165_Bild-244-71,_Dr._Robert_Ritter_mit_alter_Frau_und_Polizist.jpg|thumb|287px|center|Roma/Sinti woman in {{hint|circa|ca.}} 1936 being accosted by "racial scientist" Dr. {{wpl|Robert Ritter}} and a Nazi police officer. Ritter faced no consequences for his role in a genocide, and worked as a university professor after the war.]] 
||
||
[[File:Romani_prisoners_at_Belzec_labor_camp.jpg|thumb|306px|center|Romani captives in the Belzec concentration camp, Lublin, [[Poland]]. 1940.]]
|| 
||
[[File:Brown_triangle_svg.jpg|thumb|center|206px|The Brown Triangle, a symbol used to mark Romani prisoners in Nazi [[concentration camps]].<ref>https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/classification-system-in-nazi-concentration-camps</ref>]]
|}
</center>
The Romani genocide, also referred to as the Romani Holocaust, the Parajmos (coined by American activist Ian Hancock in the early 1990s),<ref name=romarchive>Karola Fings, [https://www.romarchive.eu/en/voices-of-the-victims/genocide-holocaust-porajmos-samudaripen/ Genocide, Holocaust, Porajmos, Samudaripen]. romarchive.eu.</ref> and the Samudaripen (initially conceived in 1970s [[Yugoslavia]] and recommended by French linguist Marcel Courthiade), was the targeted and systemic extermination of Romani people under the Nazi Regime and its WWII [[Axis]] allies.
Both [[Jews|Jewish people]] and Romani people were conceived as an "alien race" by the [[Nazis]] and such both of these groups were targeted and murdered by the [[Nazism|National Socialists]]. Sometimes the eugenocide<ref group=note>Portmanteau of eugenics and genocide.</ref> of Romani people (especially Sinti people) were included in lessons concerning the [[Holocaust]], while [[Nationalist pseudohistory|some]] [[Apologetics|interest]] [[Nazism|groups]] [[Denialism|discarded]] the idea that Romani people were targeted by Hitler; something which research has long been disproven.<ref name=romarchive /> Hitler, as part of this set of "racial hygiene" policies,  ordered the mass sterilization of Romani people and later would execute them in mass.<ref name="amnestyusa1"/> Although Jewish survivors and their family members were eligible for reparations and received those for the horrific crimes by [[Nazism]], the same right was denied to the victims of the Porajmos right after 1945.<ref>https://books.google.ch/books?id=2QYIOjkEEdAC&pg=PA171&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> The plight of the Romani people as part of "The Final Solution" for some reason wasn't in the interests of the victorious powers of WW2 and thus, the "best deal" Romani people have gotten was to be recognized as "victims of fascism", despite the vocal outcry by activists and defendants. In a 2013 survey by the [[German]] anti-discrimination bureau, around 19% of those asked said they didn't know that the Roma and Sinti people were persecuted and murdered by the [[Nazis]].<ref>http://www.antidiskriminierungsstelle.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/publikationen/Umfragen/Umfrage_Sinti_Roma.pdf?__blob=publicationFile</ref>

===After 1945===
====Europe====
[[File:Weltwoche-Romani-child.jpg|thumb|right|[[Swiss]] [[right-wing]] newspaper ''Die Weltwoche'': <br>"The Roma are coming: Robberies in Switzerland". Someone ''might'' say that this is racist fearmongering?]]
*In 2009, Boyko Borisov, a [[Bulgaria|Bulgarian]] politician of the [[Conservatism|conservative]] party {{wpl|GERB}} and then mayor of Sofia (capital of Bulgaria), claimed that the 1 million Romani people (along with [[Turks|Turkish people]] and pensioners) living in Bulgaria are "bad human material" and "Bulgaria's greatest problem".<ref>[https://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=100987 Sofia Mayor to Bulgarian Expats: We Are Left with Bad Human Material Back Home], ''Novinite''</ref> This same politician would be elected Prime Minister of Bulgaria in the same year and later twice again in 2013 and 2017. He finally lost in the July 2021 snap parliamentary election. Great job on resisting fascism, everybody! It only took...12 years.
*In 2010, [[France|French]] president Nikolas Sarkozy 
ethnically cleansed
 "repatriated" hundreds of Romani people, in spite of them being EU citizens.{{fact}}
*When the world was supposed to end in 2012, it sadly only ended with a disgraceful cover by the [[Swiss]] right-wing newspaper ''Die Weltwoche'' in which they depicted a Brown skinned child (presumably a Romani child) pointing a gun at the camera, again trying to associate Romani people with "crime and violent behavior."<ref>[https://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article106169171/In-der-Weltwoche-kommen-klauen-und-gehen-Roma.html In der "Weltwoche" kommen, klauen und gehen Roma] (In the "World Week" Roma come, steal and go), ''Welt''</ref>

====Far-right attacks====
On 5 February 1995, Franz Fuchs killed four Romani people in [[Austria]] with a pipe bomb. It was the worst far-right terrorist attack in Austria. Although [[Christchurch terrorist attacks|Brenton Tarrant]] targeted [[Muslims]] (51 killed), [[Romani]]s were mentioned in the eco-fascist manifesto "[[The Great Replacement]]" by the Neo-Nazi murderer, stating: "The invaders must be removed from European soil, regardless from where they came or when they came. Roma, African, Indian, Turkish, Semitic or other. If they are not of our people, they must be removed".<ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/world/christchurch-attack-mosque-new-zealand-in-gunmans-manifesto-invaders-from-india-and-enemies-in-the-east-5629139/</ref> Three victims of the {{wpl|Hanau shootings}} were Romani people.<ref>https://www.freitag.de/autoren/der-freitag/keine-antwort-1</ref>

====United States====
[[File:Tucker_Carlson_Romanis.png|thumb|right|[[Fox News]] hatemonger [[Tucker Carlson]] on his White Power Hour (also known as ''Tucker Carlson Tonight''), in "Scary Outgroup, Coming to America". Reminder: That's the cover of a story of 40 Romani refugees in Pennsylvania, not 40 billion.]]

While things are better in the US, they are far from perfect. For the most part, if there's a relative lack of Antiziganism in the US it's because people are unaware that "Romani" is even a group,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101019220031/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2025316,00.html Hounded in Europe, Roma in the U.S. Keep a Low Profile], ''Time''</ref> and they were usually left alone.  However in July 2017, lacking enough problems to stir up, several right-wing media outlets perpetuated racist stereotypes and lies about 40 Romani asylum seekers in California, a borough in Washington County, [[Pennsylvania]]. Originally escaping racism from Bucharest, [[Romania]], they hoped for a better future in the "land of the free", going through [[Immigration and Customs Enforcement]] (ICE), an institution not known for being lenient or xenophilic. Based on reports by the ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', titled "Romanians seeking asylum are in California, Pa. as part of U.S. Immigration program.", right-wing media jumped on the opportunity to demonize this small group of people.<ref name="mediamatters2"/><br>

'''[[Tucker Carlson|Tucker Carlson Tonight]]''': {{quotebox|"Well, in the last two months, several dozen Roma, more commonly known as “Gypsies” have been settled in California, Pennsylvania, by the federal government. The Roma are seeking asylum saying they suffered racism in their native Romania. Integration is not going well. According to residents, they have little regard either for the law or public decency. Citizens say they defecate in public, chop the heads off chickens, leave trash everywhere and more."<ref name="mediamatters2"/>}}

==External links==
*[https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2014/education-situation-roma-11-eu-member-states Education: the situation of Roma in 11 EU Member States]
*[https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2014/poverty-and-employment-situation-roma-11-eu-member-states Poverty and employment: the situation of Roma in 11 EU Member States]
*[https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2016/second-european-union-minorities-and-discrimination-survey-roma-selected-findings Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey Roma – Selected findings]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Discrimination]]
[[Category:Racism]]

Categories: Discrimination, Racism