Developmental Fluoride Neurotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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"'''Developmental Fluoride Neurotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis'''" is a 2012 study published in ''Environmental Health Perspectives'' by four well-qualified researchers ('''Anna L. Choi''',<ref group=note>Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston</ref> '''Guifan Sun''',<ref group=note>School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang</ref> '''Ying Zhang''',<ref group=note>School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang</ref> and '''Philippe Grandjean'''<ref group=note>Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense</ref>)<ref name=choi>Developmental Fluoride Neurotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Anna L. Choi et al. (2012). ''Environ. Health Perspect.'' 120(10): 1362–1368. doi:10.1289/ehp.1104912. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491930/pdf/ehp.1104912.pdf Full text of the paper].</ref> that has been [[quote mine|mis-cited]] by [[Water fluoridation|anti-fluoridists]] for years.

In short: They were studying fluoride poisoning in [[China]], and it's irrelevant to any debate over intentional water fluoridation.<ref name=choi/>

==Media attention==
In June of 2012, some [[news]] organizations<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/24/idUS127920+24-Jul-2012+PRN20120724 What the fuck is wrong with you, Reuters?]{{broken}}</ref> transmitted a press release by the "NYS Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation, Inc." which suggested that a 2012 Harvard [[Meta-analysis|meta-study]] on the effects of water fluoridation and child [[IQ]]s found "significantly lower IQ" in children. What a ghastly thing to see coming from real scientists, doing real science!

The study has been repeatedly cited by anti-fluoridation groups (which include bastions of science like [[Joseph Mercola]] and [[NaturalNews]]) as slam-dunk evidence.<ref>[[Joseph Mercola|Mercola, J.]] (January 18, 2013). [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-mercola/fluoride_b_2479833.html Harvard Study Confirms Fluoride Reduces Children’s IQ]. ''The Huffington Post''. Retrieved March 20, 2017.</ref><ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Water_fluoridation_controversy/Archive_5#Fluoride_as_neurotoxin Seriously, even Wikipedia editors are sick of seeing that study and that Lancet one too], since they constantly say "refer to the archives" whenever those studies are brought up.</ref>

==Genuine results==
However, if you actually read the paper and look at Table 1, the study compared children in areas with ''recommended'' levels of fluoride in water — the same levels that are introduced in the process of water fluoridation (0.5 to 1.5 mg/L) — to children in areas with high fluoride levels (above 1.5 mg/L). In other words, and yet again, this paper documents the risks of chronic fluoride toxicity, not water fluoridation.<ref name=choi/>

The authors of the original 2012 meta-analysis published an updated statement on the study in September of that year,<ref>[http://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2012/07/Media-Statement_Fluoride-9-12-12-Revised2.pdf Statement on Fluoride Paper] by Anna Choi (September 11, 2012).</ref> underscoring this:

{{quotebox|Our study summarized the findings of 27 studies on intelligence tests in fluoride-exposed children; 25 of the studies were carried out in China.}}
{{quotebox|In general, complete information was not available on these 27 studies, and some limitations were identified.}}

So not only were the studies lacking complete information and seriously limited in scope (both of which greatly harm scientific [[Reproducibility|replicatability]]), they were also all conducted in [[China]], a country which not only has an extensive record of government interference in academia (as well as a "prevalence of fraud and plagiarism"),<ref>https://wenr.wes.org/2018/04/the-economy-of-fraud-in-academic-publishing-in-china</ref> but is also a place where natural fluoride levels in the groundwater often exceed the amount that is considered safe for consumption by the World Health Organization (an "upper limit of 1.5 mg/litre").<ref name="nature">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41415-020-1947-2</ref>

{{quotebox|Fluoride released into the ground water in China in some cases greatly exceeded levels that are typical in the U.S.}}

That the fluoride levels ''in the Chinese studies'' had at times been elevated directly by industrial spills into the ground water supply means that other compounds could possibly have leaked into the water which were not even looked for by the fluoride studies ("such as [[arsenic]]")<ref name="nature" /> and which may just as well — or better — explain the apparent reduction in IQ. Furthermore, these studies "also failed to take into account other sources of fluoride intake, from coal used for indoor fires and contaminated grain, practices not seen in many developed countries."<ref name="nature" />

{{quotebox|When considering the risks and benefits of fluoride exposure, the '''level of intake''' needs to be considered.}}
{{quotebox|These results do not allow us to make any judgment regarding possible levels of risk at levels of exposure typical for water fluoridation in the U.S. On the other hand, neither can it be concluded that no risk is present.}}

That is to say, pro-fluoridation science does ''not'' recommend massive amounts of fluoride being added to water supplies. As with anything, [[the dose makes the poison]]. What is literally concluded by the study authors about their meta-analysis of the Chinese research is that ''it cannot be used'' to say ''anything'' about U.S. water fluoridation. Neither can it be used to demonstrate the harmful effects (or complete safety, to be fair) of municipal fluoridation as the study is better used to examine the effects of fluoride poisoning. So when this paper is quoted, let the authors of said paper have the last word — it is not relevant to the U.S. or to the supposed dangers of artificial fluoridation.

==External links==
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491930/ Developmental Fluoride Neurotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis], PubMed Central
*[http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/fluoride-childrens-health-grandjean-choi/ Impact of fluoride on neurological development in children], Harvard School of Public Health

==Notes==
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==References==
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[[Category:Biology]]
[[Category:Documents]]
[[Category:Water fluoridation]]

Categories: Biology, Documents, Water fluoridation