trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Haldeman-Julius Publishing

{{Sources needed}}
'''Haldeman-Julius Publishing Company''' of Gerard, [[Kansas]] (1919-1978) was a prolific publisher of books on a wide range of subjects, including [[freethought]], [[atheism]], [[skepticism]], "scandalous" topics like [[sex education]] and [[anarchism]], [[revisionist history]], fiction, educational texts, how-to booklets, and more.  These books were mostly published in small-type, inexpensive (10 or 15 cents) pocket size booklets as the "Little Blue Books" series, and a larger "Big Blue Books" series.  Haldeman-Julius experimented with selling Little Blue Books in vending machines, and many stores had a rack of Little Blue Books making them very popular.  

The company was run in its heyday by Emanuel Julius, who also published the [[socialist]] ''Appeal to Reason'' newspaper.  After his death in 1951, his son ran the business, although by then mainly selling backstock by mail order, until the business closed for good following a 1978 fire.  However, during the 1920s and 1930s, the Little Blue Books were exceedingly popular due to their low price and brought all kinds of naughty and subversive literature to the masses - the perfect thing for geeky autodidacts living in their mom's basement in the 1920s long before there was an [[internet]], or for the working classes to read on those long freight train rides between jobs during the [[Great Depression]].  Needless to say, a publisher like that could not stay popular in the atmosphere of [[moral panic]] that frequently overtakes the United States, and so following [[World War II]], Haldeman-Julius lost most of their market due to pressure from J. Edgar Hoover's [[FBI]], and retreated to being mainly a mail order business.

Some of their remaining backstock of Big Blue Books on atheistic and anti-religion topics was acquired by, and is still sold today by, the [[American Atheists]].

[[Category:Publishers]]
[[Category:Skepticism]]

Categories: Publishers, Skepticism
Halliburton

{{business}}
'''Halliburton''' is an oilfield services company based out of Houston, [[Texas]].

From 1995 to 2000, Halliburton was led by former defense secretary and future vice president [[Dick Cheney]].

==Iraq War controversy==
In the prelude to the [[War in Iraq]], Halliburton was awarded a USD 7 billion contract for services in the conflict. Halliburton was the only company allowed to bid on this contract, which is equivalent to calling it a "no-bid" contract.{{nofact}} Vice President Cheney was receiving a deferred compensation package from the company at this time. No conflict of interest there.

==Nigeria==
In 2010, Halliburton paid 9-figure "settlements" (read: fines) to the Nigerian government and the [[United States]] Securities and Exchange Commission in an officials corruption case after being accused of bribing Nigerian politicians. The case centered around a deal with former subsidiary KBR to build a liquified natural gas plant in southern Nigeria. Former CEO Dick Cheney was implicated in the case.

==Deepwater Horizon incident==
In 2010, Halliburton employees were employed on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico and also worked to cement the cap that stopped the leak after an explosion caused a massive oil spill. According to a report released by the incident's investigation committee, it was originally an unstable mixture of concrete, poured by Halliburton, used to secure the rig that caused the leak which resulted in the explosion in the first place. BP claimed that Halliburton shares in the failure of the rig, citing poor labor standards from Halliburton employees. [[Alex Jones]] promoted a conspiracy theory that the incident was manufactured by Halliburton which had bought a company for dealing with oil-well fires and blowouts a week before the disaster.<ref>[https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2010/gulf-oil-spreads-so-do-slippery-conspiracy-theories As gulf oil spreads, so do slippery conspiracy theories], [[Southern Poverty Law Center]], Aug 1, 2010</ref>

==External links==
*[http://boingboing.net/2008/11/17/halliburton-tries-to.html Halliburton tries to patent patent trolling itself] -- would you expect less from a company that had Dick as its head?

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|war}}
[[Category:Iraq]]
[[Category:Texas]]

Categories: Iraq, Texas
Hallucination

{{sources needed}}
[[File:Halucinacii.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Artistic representation of a hallucination]]
{{Psychology}}
A '''hallucination''' is a "perception without a stimulus" — in other words, seeing something that isn't there. It is distinct from [[delusion]], or demonstrably false belief of pathological origin; however, the two are often caused by the same mental illnesses.

Hallucinations are often a symptom of certain mental illnesses, such as [[schizophrenia]], certain forms of dementia, Parkinson's disease,<ref>{{wpa|Parkinson's disease}}</ref> and epilepsy.<ref>{{wpa|Epilepsy}}</ref> They can also be experienced due to the ingestion of psychoactive substances, most notably [[LSD]].

There are two common forms of hallucination unrelated to mental illness called '''hypnagogic''' and '''hypnopompic''' hallucinations, the former occurring before sleep and the latter during the process of waking up. Blurred vision and switching between alert and sleeping states can cause anyone to see strange things. These hallucinations can create [[confabulation |false memories]]. Similarly, [[sleep paralysis]] can cause memorably frightening hallucinations. There are many other conditions of high mental or bodily stress during which a person may possibly experience hallucinations.

==See also==
*[[Mass hysteria]]
*[[Religion]] — a common side-effect of hallucinations
*[[Large language model]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Psychology]]
[[Category:Mental health]]{{stub|medicine}}

Categories: Medicine, Psychology, Mental health
Halvor Fosli

{{Islamophobia|1}}
{{confused|[[fossil]]}}
'''Halvor Fosli''' {{lived|1961|}} is a [[Norway|Norwegian]] [[far-right]] and [[Islamophobia|Islamophobic]] activist. Fosli was not previously known to hold [[extremism|extremist views]] and had been running his own small publishing house for some years, but in January 2014 he told Norwegian newspapers that he had been hired by the blog [[Document.no]], a website described by the ''Financial Times'' as "a website rife with anti-Muslim and hard right rhetoric,"<ref>Andrew Ward; Robin Wigglesworth (2011-07-25). "[http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/902834ea-b54f-11e0-81cd-00144feabdc0.html Killings sure to stir immigration debate]". ''Financial Times''.</ref> presumably as a "publishing editor." On this occasion, Fosli confirmed that he shared Document.no's extremist and [[xenophobia|xenophobic]] views on [[Muslims]]. This happened after a group of anonymous far-right donors had apparently donated a significant amount of money to the website. Fosli's new job is apparently to expand the website's anti-immigration and anti-Muslim activities into the publishing realm, an idea that was originally conceived some years earlier by [[Anders Behring Breivik]], a staunch supporter of the website.<ref>[http://klassekampen.no/article/20140123/ARTICLE/140129985 – Vis kortene], ''Klassekampen''</ref><ref>[http://klassekampen.no/article/20140122/ARTICLE/140129989/1007 På vei til Document.no], ''Klassekampen''</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fosli, Halvor}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nationalism in Norway]]
[[Category:Racists]]
[[Category:Great Replacement conspiracy theorists]]
{{stub|islamophobia}}

Categories: Living people, Nationalism in Norway, Racists, Great Replacement conspiracy theorists
Handkerchief code

{{More sources}}
[[File:Handkerchief code.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Encoded]]
{{sex}}
A '''handkerchief code''', or hankie code, is a way a person can indicate what type of sexual activity they are interested in.  While it is most often seen in the [[gay]] community, it is also common within the "other" categories of human sexual expression, including [[BDSM]] devotees.

==Origins==
In PBS's ''Out of the Past'' several men who were interviewed related that in the 1920s and 1930s, when all gay activity was fully underground, the habit of wearing variously colored breast pocket handkerchiefs to let other gay men know they were out there, and what their preferences were.  The colors were mostly limited to "Gay &mdash; looking", "top", and "bottom".  

Wikipedia mentions that cowboys in the old west would wear their bandanas on their wrist when dancing with other men, in purely platonic situations, to identify who was dancing the male role, and who was dancing the female role. Similar conventions may apply at modern-day contra dances; when there is a surplus of men or women, dancers often take the "opposite" role to fill out a set or square. Such cross-dancers may wear a marker to avoid surprises<ref group=note>Since contra-dancing occasionally takes a form resembling "social aerobics", catching an oncoming swing-mate in an unexpected grip can lead to upset, and even injury.</ref> in the contra line.

==The codes==
Of course, as with many things in life, there are no actual rules. "Local rules" or "bar rules" often apply, and right butt cheek, left butt cheek, or around the neck can all mean different things at different places and times, so, buyer beware.

But some standards are:<ref>http://alt.xmission.com/~trevin/hanky.html</ref>
*Black: S&M
*Grey: Bondage
*Olive Drab/Camouflage: Military fetish
*Red with black stripes: Likes bears
*White or checkered: "Safe sex" and "Vanilla sex" (left "top", right "bottom")
*Yellow and Brown: left to the reader's imagination for now

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Homosexuality]]
[[Category:Sexuality]]

Categories: Homosexuality, Sexuality
Hans Blix

[[File:Hans_Blix_in_Vienna_2002.jpg|165px|thumb|"Breaking my bawls, Hans!"]]{{politics}}
'''Hans 
Brix
 Blix''' (b. 1928) is a [[Sweden|Swedish]] diplomat and [[politician]], a member of the [[centrism|centre]]-[[right wing|right]] Liberal People's Party<ref>Remember, centre-right in [[Europe]] = godless [[communism|communist]] in the [[United States]].</ref> and an advocate of [[nuclear power]].

==As seen on TV==
Aside from his 'cameo' in ''Team America: World Police'', Blix is best known for two things:
*His work as Director General of the IAEA during the [[Chernobyl]] disaster
*Being the inspector who was sent to [[Iraq War|Iraq]] and found that they didn't have [[weapons of mass destruction]] after all.

[[Chickenhawk|Many]] in the US scorned him for the latter point, [[Begging the question|assuming him to be incompetent]]. And if [[Dubya]], [[Dick Cheney|Cheney]] and [[Tony Blair|Blair]] actually ''listened'' to him,<ref>And they really wanted to listen to him: Blix [http://web.archive.org/web/20080407085915/http://www.cnn.com/2004/US/02/28/un.britain/index.html suspected that his home and office were going to be wiretapped], and [http://articles.cnn.com/2004-02-25/world/uk.gchq_1_frank-koza-iraq-war-intelligence-failures?_s=PM:WORLD was proven right.]</ref> maybe they'd be able to leave their respective countries without almost-constant calls to be tried as [[War crimes|war criminals]].<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/18/opinion/iraq-war-hans-blix/ Hans Blix: Iraq War was a terrible mistake and violation of U.N. charter], CNN</ref>

Blix has since been appointed the head of the [[United Arab Emirates]] nuclear program.

==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIPSvIz9NDs&feature=related Where everyone knew him first.] Though that's nothing compared to his [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHZYtSfJB74 badass response.]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|Politics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Blix, Hans}}
[[Category:European politicians]]
[[Category:Iraq]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nuclear energy]]
[[Category:United Nations]]

Categories: European politicians, Iraq, Living people, Nuclear energy, United Nations
Hans Eysenck

[[File:Hans.Eysenck.jpg|thumb|upright||165px|Eysnck.]]{{race}}
'''Hans Eysenck''' (1916-1997) was a [[Germany|German]]-born [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Psychiatry|psychiatrist]].

==Racialism==
Eysenck believed [[Racialism|race influenced intelligence]], arguing that [[race|racial]] [[IQ|intelligence quotient]] differences were not purely environmental but largely genetic. He wrote:<ref>Eysenck, Hans. Race, Intelligence and Education, 1971, London: Temple Smith, p. 130</ref>

{{quotebox|All the evidence to date suggests the ... overwhelming importance of genetic factors in producing the great variety of intellectual differences which we observe in our culture, and much of the difference observed between certain racial groups.}}

He further wrote:<ref>Eysenck, The Inequality of Man, 1973, London: Temple Smith, pp. 111–12</ref>

{{quotebox|[T]he whole course of development of a child's intellectual capabilities is largely laid down genetically, and even extreme environmental changes ... have little power to alter this development."}}

Eysenck authored a paper for the racist journal ''Mankind Quarterly''.<ref>[https://mankindquarterly.org/archive/issue/32-1/8 Race and intelligence an alternative hypothesis]. mankindquarterly.org.</ref>

==Attacks on Freud==
Eysenck helped discredit [[Sigmund Freud]], and wrote a chapter in ''Uses and Abuses of Psychology'' and the book ''Decline and Fall of the Freudian Empire'' to that end.

He wrote a paper in the 1950s that said evidence did not "support the hypothesis that psychotherapy facilitates recovery from neurotic disorder",<ref> "Classics in the History of Psychology – Eysenck (1957)". Psychclassics.yorku.ca. 23 January 1952. Retrieved 22 July 2011. http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Eysenck/psychotherapy.htm</ref> attacking Freud.

==Paranormal==
Eysenck was agnostic, but, as one would imagine a pseudoscientist might, believed in the paranormal.<ref name="SenseAndNonsense">Eysenck, H. J. (1957), ''Sense and Nonsense in Psychology''. London: Pelican Books. p. 131.</ref><ref name="ExplainingTheUnexplained">Eysenck & Sargent (2nd edition, 1993), ''Explaining the Unexplained''. London: BCA, No ISBN. Preface & ff.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Psychology]]
*[[Racialism]]
*[[Agnosticism]]
*[[Paranormal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eysenck, Hans}}
__NOTOC__
[[Category:Psychologists]]
[[Category:Racists]]
[[Category:Agnostics]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience promoters]]
[[Category:Racialism pseudoscientists]]

Categories: Psychologists, Racists, Agnostics, Pseudoscience promoters, Racialism pseudoscientists
Hard problem of consciousness

{{philosophy}}
The '''hard problem of consciousness''' is a problem in [[philosophy of mind]] proposed by philosopher David Chalmers:<ref>Chalmers, D. [http://consc.net/papers/facing.html "Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness".] ''Journal of Consciousness Studies'' 2(3):200-19, 1995.</ref> the question of why any physical state is conscious rather than non-conscious, and why there is any subjective experience at all.

Chalmers holds that [[materialism]], as conventionally interpreted, does not provide sufficient reason why subjectivity and conscious awareness should exist at all. He suggests that even after we have explained the functional, neuronal, and structural properties of the physical brain, we can still meaningfully ask the question, ''Why is it conscious''? Many philosophers take this problem seriously. Physicist James Trefil notes that "''it is the only major question in the sciences that we don't even know how to ask''."

Other philosophers, ''e.g.'' [[Daniel Dennett]], consider the entire issue misconceived.<ref>Dennett, D. [http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/papers/chalmers.htm "Facing Backwards on the Problem of Consciousness."] November 10, 1995.</ref> Dennett presents the analogous "hard problem of [[vitalism]]" &mdash; which was only a problem if you first assumed that being alive rather than not alive was irreducible. The question presumes that "we don't know yet" somehow has special implications when it's consciousness in question, even though it doesn't create a particular hard problem for everything else we don't know yet.

Philosophers with an inclination to [[dualism]] then start assuming that since the question can be asked, it leads to [[philosophical zombie]]s, consciousness or [[qualia]] as an irreducible basic of the universe (as Chalmers holds), etc. But [[philosophical intuition|just because a philosopher isn't personally convinced]] doesn't say anything about the universe outside his head, because [[cognitive bias|humans are stupid]].

==See also==
*[[Double aspect theory]]

==References==
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Philosophy]]
{{stub|philosophy}}

Categories: Philosophy
Harry La Verne Twining

{{Paranormal}}
'''Harry La Verne Twining''' was a [[physicist]] and inventor from Los Angeles most well known for his experiments on [[soul]]s in the early 20<sup>th</sup> century.

==Soul experiments==
Twining is known for his experiments and investigation of the soul in the early 1900s. One of his experiments consisted of setting up a balance with a glass beaker on either side. He positioned a mouse in each beaker and on the balance pan was a solid lump of potassium cyanide. For the experiment, Twining used tweezers to put some cyanide into the beaker on the same balance pan. According to Twining, within thirty seconds the mouse had died and the balance arm dropped. Twining also experimented with [[cats]] and one of his experiments recorded the loss of one hundred milligrams in a kitten at [[death]]. According to the paranormal writer Max Heindel, the experiments of Twining had proven that animals have a "[[Vitalism|vital]] body" that survives death. However, scientists (and even Twining later on in his life) have not been convinced by the experiments.<ref>Len Fisher ''Weighing The Soul: Scientific Discovery From the Brilliant to the Bizarre'' 2004, p. 14</ref><ref>James J. Giordano, Bert Gordijn ''Scientific And Philosophical Perspectives In Neuroethics'' 2010, p. 15</ref>

==Skepticism==
Twining in 1915 wrote that his experiments into the nature of the soul revealed it to have a natural basis and had not proven any supernatural soul. He explained that all of his experiments showed a loss of weight due to the natural cause of moisture loss. When Twining replicated his experiments by sealing the beakers there was no weight loss. So Twining himself ascribed the change in weight to the loss of moisture.

Twining's views on the experiments can be found in ''The Physical Theory of the Soul'' (1915). Skeptic Milbourne Christopher discussed Twining and his experiments in his book ''Search for the Soul'' (1979).

==See also==
*[[R. A. Watters]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Twining, Harry La Verne}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Physicists]]

Categories: Authors, Physicists
Hawaii

{{disambig|1=}}
'''Hawaii''' or '''Hawaiʻi''' may refer to:
* The U.S. state of '''[[Fun:Hawaii|Hawaii]]'''
* The '''[[Kingdom of Hawaiʻi]]''', which was independent until a U.S.-backed [[coup]]
* The short-lived '''Republic of Hawaii''', which was basically a bunch of white planters waiting for the U.S. to annex them
* The island of '''Hawaiʻi''', colloquially known as the "Big Island", the largest island in the Hawaiian archipelago
Hay House

{{books}}
'''Hay House''' is a publishing firm dedicated to dumbing down [[human]]ity as much as possible. The basic business plan is pretty solid. Hay House collects all the craziest "[[self-help]]" authors and [[guru]]s and funnels them into what amounts to a giant for-profit cult. Not only does it publish books, movies, and CDs, but it also sponsors tours and recruitment forums, as there aren't enough authors spitting out book length bull-dust for the plethora of humans who'll believe anything.<ref>[http://www.hayhouse.com/event_search.php?format_id=7&is_browse_search=1&search_or_results=results&searchType=browse&events_and_or_tours=tours Hay House Cult Recruitment Program]</ref> It has its own [[radio]] show where you can listen 24/7 to brain rotting drivel.<ref>[http://www.hayhouseradio.com/ Hay House Radio]</ref>

Most of the Hay House works focus on [[quantum woo]] and spinoffs from the [[Law of attraction|Law of Attraction]]. Essentially, claiming that the Universe is a giant intelligent quantum energy field and that our "thoughts" or "DNA" can cause this quantum field to manifest whatever we want, whether it be money, sex, or the cure for any disease. 

Hay House was founded in the early 1980s by Louise Hay after several of her self-help tracts met with enough publishing success to finance other publications.

==Hay House gurus with RationalWiki articles==

*[[Gregg Braden]]
*[[Sylvia Browne]]
*[[Lucy Cavendish]]
*[[James DiNicolantonio]]
*[[Esther Hicks]]
*[[Joseph Mercola]]
*[[Steve Pavlina]]
*[[Doreen Virtue]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Quantum woo]]
[[Category:Shysters]]
[[Category:Woo]]

Categories: Quantum woo, Shysters, Woo
Healing

{{altmed}}
'''Healing''' has two unrelated meanings.

==In medicine==
In medicine, healing is the restoration of structure and function of injured or diseased tissues.<ref>[https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/healing Healing]. The Free Dictionary.</ref> Recognised healing processes include blood clotting, tissue mending, scarring, and bone healing.

==In woo==
In the field of [[alternative medicine]], the definition of healing is expanded beyond the medical one to also include making you feel more energetic, increased [[wellness]], or any other [[placebo]]-based outcome that the alternative medicine practitioner can take credit for.

Examples of woo "healing" which, when listed, sound like a bad Osmonds-style family woo-pop band: 
*[[Crystal healing]]
*[[Energy healing]]
*[[Faith healing]]
*[[Pranic healing]]
*[[Sound healing]]
*[[Quantum healing]]
*[[Theta healing]]

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}
{{stub|alternative medicine}}
[[Category:Alternative medicine]]
[[Category:Medicine]]

Categories: Alternative medicine, Medicine
Heathen

{{religion}}{{Sources needed}}
The term '''heathen''' may have originated as a cognate of "heath",<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=heathen&ref=searchbar_searchhint Etymology of 'heathen']</ref>
with "dwelling on the heath" referring to rural people. Its meaning came to resemble that of "[[pagan]]" — both words became pejoratives for those who continued to persist in "the old ways" after the "civilized" city-dwellers had converted to [[Christianity]].

==Origin==

Its origin and usage as a pejorative is similar to the usage today of terms like "redneck" and "hick" for rural people, but with an almost opposite religious connotation.

[[Fundamentalism|Fundamentalist]] [[religion]] nowadays is (unfairly or not) thought to be strongest among rural people and [[freethought]] strongest among urban people; however, during the period immediately following conversion of the European nations to Christianity, the religion took hold in the cities long before it did in the country. "Heathen" and "pagan" implied the rural people were the "rednecks" of their day, but also the freethinkers of their day, persisting in disbelief (although often believing in a variety of archaic [[folk religion]]s and [[superstition]]s, so may be not so freethinking in actuality). The assumption was that Christianity was a civilizing force and the "heathens" were yet uncivilized.

==Modern usage==

The term persists today, though increasingly in ironic or sarcastic usage, to refer to [[sin]]ners and unbelievers. It is also favored as a self-referential term by some [[Neopaganism|Neo-Pagan]]s, usually those following [[Asatru|a Germanic, Norse, or Old English variety of Neo-Paganism]] who favor "Heathen" over "Pagan" because of the former term's related origin and etymology. [[Society for the Practical Establishment and Perpetuation of the Ten Commandments|Robert T. Lee]] loves using this term to describe anything which he doesn't like.

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Paganism]]
[[Category:Religious terms]]

Categories: Paganism, Religious terms