trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Appeal to faith

{{sources needed}}{{lognav}}
An '''appeal to faith''' (or an '''appeal to belief''') occurs when someone argues that you must first accept the [[truth]] of a statement in order to be able to [[rational]]ly accept it.

The fallacy is a form of [[circular logic]] and an [[informal fallacy]].

==Form==
In reaffirming believers:
{{syl
|2=I have faith that '''X''' is true.
|4=([[enthymeme|unstated]]) [[Fallacy of opposition|Everything I believe is true.]]
|5=C|6='''X''' is true.
}}

In shutting down nonbelievers:
{{syl
|2=It is impossible to determine whether '''X''' is true unless you believe that '''X''' is true.
|4=You do not believe that '''X''' is true.
|5=C|6=You cannot determine whether '''X''' is true.
}}

==Explanation==
{{main|Faith}}
Faith, by definition, is belief that does not rest on [[logic]] or [[evidence]]. Faith depends on [[irrational]] thought.

Saying that a belief is immune to criticism from nonbelievers is [[special pleading]] and never fails, making it [[circular logic]].

==Examples==
*"Once you believe it, you will understand!"
*"If you accept the Lord, you will understand!"
*"If you would only take Maslow at his word, you would finally get it!"
*"The way in which I know [[Christianity]] is true is first and foremost on the basis of the [[Woo|witness]] of the [[Holy Spirit]] in my [[Emotional appeal|heart]]. And [[Argument by assertion|this gives]] me a [[Begging the question|self-authenticating means]] of knowing Christianity is true [[Unfalsifiable|wholly apart from]] the evidence." — [[William Lane Craig]] combining an appeal to faith with several other fallacies, including an [[appeal to authority]] (and a [[Faith-based initiative|faith-based]] one at that).

==See also==
{{otherlang
|es=Apelación a la fe
|fr=Appel à la foi
|pt=Apelo à fé}}

==External links==
*[http://www.logicallyfallacious.com/index.php/logical-fallacies/31-appeal-to-faith Appeal to Faith] — Logically Fallacious 
*[http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/fallacies.html Appeal to faith] — C. George Boeree
*[http://www.rationalresponders.com/logical_fallacy_lesson_7_appeal_to_faith Logical Fallacy Lesson 7: Appeal to Faith] — Rational Responders

{{logfal}}

[[Category:Circular reasoning]]
[[Category:Informal fallacies]]

Categories: Circular reasoning, Informal fallacies
Appeal to fear

{{logicnav}}
An '''appeal to fear''' is a [[logical fallacy]] that occurs when a debater tries to scare people away from an opinion.

The fallacy is an [[appeal to consequences]], an [[appeal to emotion]], and an [[informal fallacy]].

==Alternate names==
*''argumentum ad metum''
*''argumentum in terrorem''
*Believe it or Burn, whether at the stake or in [[Hell]]. 
*argument from intimidation
*scare tactic

==Form==
{{syl
|2='''X''' is scary.
|4=(''[[Enthymeme|unstated]]'') Scary things are bad.
|5=C|6='''X''' is bad.
}}

==See also==
*[[FUD]]
*[[Argumentum ad baculum]]
*[[Appeal to confidence]]
*[[Argumentum ad vanitatem]]
*[[Appeal to consequences]]

==External links==
*{{wpa|Appeal to fear}}
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20070203223928/http://www.cuyamaca.net/bruce.thompson/Fallacies/fear.asp Appeal to Fear], Bruce Thompson

{{logfal}}

[[Category:Emotional appeals]]
[[Category:Informal fallacies]]
[[Category:Totalitarianism]]

Categories: Emotional appeals, Informal fallacies, Totalitarianism
Appeal to flattery

{{logicnav}}{{cquote|L'Oreal. Because you're worth it.|||One of the most well-known appeals to flattery in advertising.<ref>[https://www.bustle.com/p/loreals-because-youre-worth-it-origin-story-is-feminist-as-hell-73630 L'Oreal's "Because You're Worth It" Origin Story Is Feminist As Hell] by Marlen Komar (November 19, 2017) ''Bustle''.</ref>}}
An '''appeal to flattery''' is a [[logical fallacy]] that occurs when a debater tries to compliment people into an opinion.

The fallacy is an [[emotional appeal]] and an [[informal fallacy]].

==Alternate names==
*appeal to vanity
*''argumentum ad vanitatem''
*apple polishing
*sucking up

==Form==
The argument takes this form:

*Person A tells a premise that person B doesn't like. 
*To make person B more favorable towards this premise, person A attempts to flatter them by telling they are intelligent/attractive/otherwise desirable.
*If person B falls for this, they agree with A.

==Explanation==
Someone toadies someone else in order to appeal to them and make them more favorable towards a premise that they would not like otherwise. This kind of argumentation makes use of the [[Dunning-Kruger effect]] among other things if used successfully. It is virtually always fallacious, because it never looks into facts, but only exploits the basic human need for appreciation.

==Examples==
*You are a smart kid, you should know you shouldn't be [[tobacco|smoking]].
**While this ''is'' an attempt of making a valid point (smoking is unhealthy, and smoking when underage is even worse, we know that!), this argument fails to mention why smoking is ''actually'' bad, instead saying "if you are smart, you don't smoke; [[argument from adverse consequences|if you smoke, you are stupid]]".
*Pretty women deserve the best, let's make out!
*Doctor, as you clearly are a sharp and intelligent person, you should know that [[science woo|the resonance cascade]] allowed us to to [[teleportation|teleport]] those [[goat|caprian aliens]] to [[Earth]]'s [[Bullshit|ignosphere]] on [[Technobabble|quasi-]][[quantum woo|quantum]] level through [[milk|pores on cheese]].

==External links==
*{{wpa|Appeal to flattery}}
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20070410063327/http://www.cuyamaca.net/bruce.thompson/Fallacies/flattery.asp Appeal to Flattery], Bruce Thompson
*[http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/skepticism/blfaq_fall_flattery.htm Appeal to Flattery], Agnosticism/Atheism About.com
*[http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/appeal-to-flattery.html Appeal to Flattery], [[Nizkor Project]]

{{logfal}}

[[Category:Latin phrases]]
[[Category:Emotional appeals]]
[[Category:Informal fallacies]]

Categories: Latin phrases, Emotional appeals, Informal fallacies
Appeal to gravity

{{sources needed}}
{{logicnav}}

{{hatnote|Despite the name, this fallacy has little to do with [[gravity]] in the [[Physics|physical]] sense.}}

An '''appeal to gravity''' is a [[logical fallacy]] that occurs if the supposed importance (big impact) or seriousness of a situation makes someone's viewpoint stronger.

The fallacy is an [[emotional appeal]] and an [[informal fallacy]].

==Form==
If discussing someone's ideas:
{{syl
|2='''X''' asserts '''Y''', but not in a serious way.
|4=([[enthymeme|unstated]]) All statements not asserted seriously are false.
|5=C|6='''Y''' is false.
}}

==Explanation==
The importance of a decision does not make any one choice of action any better or worse, and the seriousness of a choice of action does not change whether it actually solves a problem.

Appeals to gravity will usually be the person with the serious proposal (which can be just as laughable as the less serious proposals), the person seeking "[[Balance fallacy|balance between extremes]]" (who may manage to find the midpoint between two working solutions), the person "[[tone argument|who wants to keep things civil]]" (and ignore ideas that aren't), or the person who finds some ideas [[appeal to ridicule|ridiculous]]. This is because it's easier to criticize how other people discuss the issues than how they solve the issues.

In some cases, addressing issues with relative levity, particularly humor, encourages knowledge, awareness, and discussion of the issue to reach a wider audience (for instance, panel/talk shows and news satire on television). That said however, sometimes not taking things seriously ''can'' hurt discourse by making issues seem more or less important than they actually are.

==See also==
*[[Tone argument]]

==External links==
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20061007074826/http://www.cuyamaca.net/bruce.thompson/Fallacies/gravity.asp Appeal to Gravity], Bruce Thompson
*[http://www.seekfind.net/Logical_Fallacy_of_Appeal_to_Gravity.html Logical Fallacy of Appeal to Gravity], [[SeekFind.net]]

{{logfal}}

[[Category:Emotional appeals]]
[[Category:Informal fallacies]]

Categories: Emotional appeals, Informal fallacies
Appeal to hate

{{lognav}}{{hatnote|Not to be confused with ''[[ad iram]]'', which accuses someone of being angry and thus untrustworthy.}}

{{cquote|The horrible thing about the Two Minutes Hate was not that one was obliged to act a part, but that it was impossible to avoid joining in. Within thirty seconds any pretense was always unnecessary. A hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to [[torture]], to smash faces in with a sledge hammer, seemed to flow through the whole group of people like an electric current, turning one even against one's will into a grimacing, screaming lunatic.|||[[George Orwell]], ''[[1984]]''}}

An '''appeal to hate''' is a [[logical fallacy]] that occurs when something is claimed to be true because (a) it is maddening or (b) its falsity would cause anger. Its inverse is the [[appeal to pity]].

All [[poisoning the well]] arguments are an appeal to hate.

It is an [[emotional appeal]] and an [[informal fallacy]].

==Alternate names==
*''argumentum ad odium''
*appeal to spite

==Form==
If the speaker hates the listener:
{{syl
|2='''X''' is asserted in a maddening context.
|4=([[enthymeme|unstated]]) Anything asserted in a maddening context is true.
|5=C|6='''X''' is true.
}}

If the listener hates the speaker:
{{syl
|2='''X''' is asserted by a maddening person.
|4=([[enthymeme|unstated]]) Anything asserted by a maddening person is false.
|5=C|6='''X''' is false.
}}

==Explanation==
Just because something makes you mad does not mean that it is more or less true.

==Examples==
*Don't listen to him, he's a [slur].
*[[Poisoning the well|Prior to meeting someone, you are told that they always try to get money from acquaintances]]. When you meet, everything you hear is tainted.
*[[Galileo]] claims that the [[Heliocentrism|Earth revolves around the Sun]]. But remember, he's [[heretic]] scum. Can you trust a man like that?
*Why shouldn't prisoners be forced to do hard labor? [[Prison]]s are full of scumbags!
*How could you believe in [[God]]? [[Misotheism|He's such a horrible tyrant!]]
*I will vote for [[Donald Trump|Him]] because He annoys people like you!

==See also==
*[[Appeal to money]]
*[[Appeal to shame]]
*[[Appeal to pride]]
*[[Poisoning the well]]

===Want to read this in another language?===
{|
| {{fr|Appel à la haine}}
|}

==External links==
*{{wpa|Appeal to spite}}
*[http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/appeal-to-spite.html Fallacy: Appeal to Spite], [[Nizkor Project]]
*[http://esgs.free.fr/uk/log18.htm Appeal to Spite], ESGS

{{logfal}}

[[Category:Emotional appeals]]
[[Category:Informal fallacies]]
[[Category:Latin phrases]]

Categories: Emotional appeals, Informal fallacies, Latin phrases
Appeal to identity

{{lognav}}
An '''appeal to identity''' asserts that the soundness of an argument stands or falls based on the [[Identity_politics|identity]] of the arguer. In particular, this identity is often a [[political]], [[racial]], [[gender]], or [[sexual identity]].

In this sense, the appeal to identity is closely related to the [[genetic fallacy]], [[poisoning the well]], [[tokenism]], and the ''[[ad hominem]]'' fallacy.

==Form==
*'''P1''': '''X''' asserts '''Y''' is true.
*'''P2''': '''X''' identifies as the same group I do.
*'''C''': '''Y''' is true.

*'''P1''': '''X''' asserts '''Y''' is true.
*'''P2''': '''X''' identifies in a group I hate.
*'''C''': '''Y''' is false.

*'''P1''': '''X''' asserts '''Y''' is false.
*'''P2''': '''X''' identifies as the same group I do.
*'''C''': '''Y''' is false.

*'''P1''': '''X''' asserts '''Y''' is false.
*'''P2''': '''X''' identifies in a group I hate.
*'''C''': '''Y''' is true.
==Examples==
*[[Radical lesbian separatism]]
*[[Andrea Dworkin|Cranky gender essentialism]]
*[[TERF]]s
*[[Valerie Solanas#The SCUM Manifesto|Gendercide]]
*White (or majority race) [[identity politics]]
*[[Milo Yiannopoulos]]
*[[Blaire White]]
*[[Alt-right]] & [[white supremacy]]
*[[MRA|FEMra]]
*[[The Bell Curve|Race and intelligence]]
*[[Christian Identity]]
*[[Islamophobia]]
*[[Galileo gambit]]
*[[Pseudoskepticism]]
*[[Sheeple]]
*[[Shill gambit]]?

==See also==
*[[Bulverism]] — the original example given was a case of this argument as well
*[[Friend argument]]
*[[Nationalism]]

==External links==
*[http://uniwolfwerecorn.tumblr.com/post/127241964855/appeal-to-identity Appeal to Identity], Journey to the Unknown
*[http://imgur.com/gallery/8w5RM/comment/965088201 Imgur Post]

==References==
{{reflist|2|90%}}

{{logfal}}

[[Category:Appeals to authority]]
[[Category:Ad hominem]]

Categories: Appeals to authority, Ad hominem
Appeal to novelty

{{logicnav}}
The '''appeal to novelty''' is the [[Logical fallacy|fallacious]] claim that an idea or product is good — simply by virtue of being novel or new.

==Alternate names==
*''argumentum ad novitatem''
*appeal to modernity/progress
*argument of the new

==Form==
The general form of the argument is as follows.
{{syl
|2='''X''' is novel.
|4=([[Enthymeme|unstated]]) Something novel is always better.
|5=C|6='''X''' is correct or better.
}}

As a [[syllogism]], this is valid. The fallacy lies in the unstated minor premise. New ideas or new products that are untried or untested are not inevitably better. There are cases when new is better, for example, many foodstuffs are better fresh but in many other cases, age does not affect the value of a product.

==Examples==
#"Let's buy the latest version of the software. It must be better!"
#In the late 1990s when the [[Internet]] appeared to be the future of pretty much everything, many "dotcom" businesses found easy financial backing, simply because they were part of the "World Wide Web", regardless of their lack of a good business plan or experience.
#"[[Zeigler's Law|A change in government will fix things!]]"

==Western culture==
Western culture includes a strong [[memeplex]] implying that new things are superior to old things.  Westerners believe in [[progress]] and have experienced [[scientific]] advances which lead to westerners getting many new products and benefiting from new processes which we value. Sometimes, we hope desperately that further scientific advance will solve problems like [[global warming]]. [[Advertising]] encourages us to believe that new is better even when the main novelty is in packaging.

==Reverse position==
The reverse position of the appeal to novelty would be the [[appeal to tradition]]. This is also fallacious since, as a rule, age does not improve quality.

==See also==
*[[Logical fallacy]]
*[[Conservatism]]
*[[Planned obsolescence]] — a great demonstration of why a newer product may actually be worse
*[[Progress]]

==External links==
*[http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/appeal-to-novelty.html Fallacy: Appeal to Novelty], [[Nizkor Project]]
*[http://changingminds.org/disciplines/argument/fallacies/appeal_novelty.htm Appeal to Novelty], Changing Minds
*[http://www.logicallyfallacious.com/index.php/logical-fallacies/38-appeal-to-novelty Appeal to Novelty], Logically Fallacious
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20070410063926/http://www.cuyamaca.net/bruce.thompson/Fallacies/novelty.asp Appeal to Progress], Bruce Thompson
*[http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/skepticism/blfaq_fall_novelty.htm Fallacy of Novelty], Agnosticism/Atheism About.com
*[http://www.iep.utm.edu/f/fallacies.htm#Bandwagon Bandwagon], Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy



{{logfal}}

[[Category:Informal fallacies]]
[[Category:Latin phrases]]

Categories: Informal fallacies, Latin phrases
Appeal to pity

[[File:Appealtopity.jpg|thumb|right|165px|So sad.]]
{{lognav}}
An '''appeal to pity''' is a [[logical fallacy]] that occurs when something is claimed to be true because (a) it is saddening or (b) its falsity would cause sadness. Its inverse is the [[appeal to hate]].

It is an [[emotional appeal]] and an [[informal fallacy]].

==Alternate names==
*''argumentum ad misericordiam''
*appeal to sympathy
*Galileo argument (not to be confused with [[Galileo gambit]])

==Form==
If overlaying some text on a sad puppy image:
{{syl
|2='''X''' is asserted in the context of sad situation '''Y'''.
|4=([[enthymeme|unstated]]) Anything asserted in a sad context is true.
|5=C|6='''X''' is true.
}}

If someone tearfully demands a better grade:
{{syl
|2='''X''' is asserted by a person in sad situation '''Y'''.
|4=([[enthymeme|unstated]]) Anything asserted by a person in a sad situation is true.
|5=C|6='''X''' is true.
}}

==Explanation==
Just because something is sad does not mean that it is more or less true.

==Examples==
*I couldn't afford to go to college, and I can't understand those fancy arguments you're using. But I've read my [[Bible]], and it'd break my heart if it wasn't true.
*Bob was an orphan, raised by a stepfather who had to work menial jobs all day to make ends meet. 
*I know Scruffles has [[rabies]], slaughters other pets, and destroys furniture, but I love him and you can't take him away!
*Officer, you can't give me a traffic ticket for running a red light: I'm going to the hospital to see my wife in critical condition to tell her I lost my job, the house burned down, and the car will be repossessed.

==See also==
*[[Appeal to money]]
*[[Appeal to pride]]
*[[Appeal to shame]]

{{otherlang
|es=Apelación a la piedad
|fr=Appel à la pitié
|ru=Обращение к жалости}}

==External links==
*{{wpa|Appeal to pity}}
*[http://www.logicallyfallacious.com/index.php/logical-fallacies/39-appeal-to-pity APPEAL TO PITY], Logically Fallacious
*[http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/skepticism/blfaq_fall_pity.htm Appeal to Pity (Argumentum ad Misercordiam)], Atheism/Agnosticism About.com
*[http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/appeal-to-pity.html Fallacy: Appeal to Pity], [[Nizkor Project]]
*[https://mason.gmu.edu/~cmcgloth/portfolio/fallacies/appealpity.html Appeal to Pity (the Galileo Argument)], Charles McGlothlin
*[http://philosophy.lander.edu/logic/misery.html Argumentum ad Misericordiam], philosophy.lander.edu
*[http://www.trulyfallacious.com/logic/logical-fallacies/presumption/hasty-generalization/attachment/appeal-to-pity APPEAL TO PITY], Truly Fallacious
*[http://changingminds.org/disciplines/argument/fallacies/appeal_pity.htm Appeal to Pity], Changing Minds
*[http://www.logicalfallacies.info/relevance/appeals/appeal-to-pity/ Appeal to Pity], LogicalFallacies.info
*[http://www.hebrew4christians.com/Clear_Thinking/Informal_Fallacies/Appeal_to_Pity/appeal_to_pity.html Appeal to Pity], [[Hebrew]] for Christians

{{logfal}}

[[Category:Emotional appeals]]
[[Category:Latin phrases]]

[[ru:Обращение к жалости]]

Categories: Emotional appeals, Latin phrases
Appeal to shame

{{sources needed}}{{logicnav}}{{hatnote|Not to be confused with [[Argumentum ad verecundiam]] (argument from shame), which is an argument from authority.}}
An '''appeal to shame''' is a [[logical fallacy]] that occurs when someone's actions or arguments are described as "shameful" (meaning, looked down upon [[Argumentum ad populum|by others in society]]) and therefore wrong.

The fallacy is an [[appeal to emotion]] and an [[informal fallacy]].

==Alternate names==
*appeal to guilt
*[[political correctness]]
*appeal to pride
*''argumentum ad superbium''
*''ad hominem'' ridicule
*appeal to humor
*appeal to mockery
*appeal to ridicule
*horse laugh
*refutation by caricature

==Form==
Someone holds a shameful opinion:
{{syl
|2='''X''' asserts '''Y'''.
|4='''Y''' is shameful.
|5=C|6='''X''' is shameful.
}}

Someone shameful holds an opinion:
{{syl
|2='''X''' asserts '''Y'''.
|4='''X''' is shameful.
|5=C|6='''Y''' is false.
}}

===Appeal to ridicule===
An appeal to ridicule is an appeal to shame with mocking laughter in the background. The fallacy occurs when the sole purpose of an argument is to make people laugh at someone, and use that social pressure to force someone to change their beliefs. While humor can be useful (especially in ''[[reductio ad absurdum]]'' arguments), it is not the primary point of an argument, and mocking should never be.

===Appeal to pride===
An appeal to pride is an inverse form of an appeal to shame. Instead of saying that something is shameful, something is described as something you should be proud of, e.g., "aren't you proud of our troops?"

==Examples==
*"Aren't you ashamed for having that opinion?"
*"Only the most degenerate, morally depraved, cretinous imbecile would disagree with me."
*May be combined with [[Godwin's law]] (for example: Aren't you ashamed to be in favor of [[Eisenhower|building highways]], just as [[Hitler]] did?)
*Oh, you're only 13. You can't have an interest in [[economics]].

==See also==
*[[Essay:Appeal to ridicule]] (written by an anti-[[RationalWiki|RW]] member)
*[[Straw Man]]
*[[Appeal to fear]]
*[[Argumentum ad fastidium]]
*"[[Degenerate]]", an common appeal to shame used by conservatives

==External links==
*{{wpa|Appeal to ridicule}}
*[http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/appeal-to-ridicule.html Appeal to Ridicule], [[Nizkor Project]]
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20070410111151/http://www.cuyamaca.net/bruce.thompson/Fallacies/guilt.asp Appeal to Guilt], Bruce Thompson
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20090302204244/http://rous.redbarn.org/objectivism/Writing/DavidKing/GuideToObjectivism/FALLACYS.HTM#191 ARGUMENT FROM INTIMIDATION], Objectivism

{{logfal}}

[[Category:Emotional appeals]]
[[Category:Latin phrases]]

Categories: Emotional appeals, Latin phrases
Appel à la foi

{{hatnote|This is a French translation of [[Appeal to faith]].}}{{logicnavFR}}
L''''appel à la foi''' se produit lorsque quelqu'un affirme qu'il faut accepter, avant tout, la vérité d'une proposition pour y croire rationnellement.

Le sophisme est un type de raisonnement circulaire et un sophisme informel.

==Forme==
En réaffirmant les partisans :
{{syl
|1=P1&nbsp;|2=J'ai la foi que '''X''' est vrai.
|3=P2&nbsp;|4=(inexprimé) Tout ce que je crois est vrai.
|5=C&nbsp;|6='''X''' est vrai.
}}

En bâillonnant les non-partisans :
{{syl
|1=P1&nbsp;|2=Il est impossible de déterminer si '''X''' est vrai à moins qu'on croie que '''X''' est vrai.
|3=P2&nbsp;|4=On ne croit pas que '''X''' soit vrai.
|5=C&nbsp;|6=On ne peut pas déterminer si '''X''' est vrai.
}}

==Explication==
La foi, par définition, est la croyance qui ne repose pas sur ni la [[logique]] ni la preuve. La foi dépend de la pensée irrationnelle.

Affirmer qu'une croyance est à l'abri des critiques de non-partisans est une plaidoirie spéciale et n'échoue jamais, ce qui en fait un type de raisonnement circulaire.

==Exemples==
*« Une fois qu'on y croit, on comprendra ! »
*« Si vous acceptez le Seigneur, vous comprendrez ! »
*« Si seulement vous croyiez Maslow sur parole, vous comprendriez enfin ! »
*« La façon dont je sais que le christianisme est vrai, c'est avant tout sur la base du témoignage du Saint-Esprit dans mon cœur. Et cela me donne un moyen, qui est tenu pour authentique, de savoir que le christianisme est vrai entièrement en dehors de la preuve. » — William Lane Craig, qui combine un appel à la foi avec plusieurs autres sophismes, y compris un appel à l'autorité (qui est basé sur la foi).

==Voir aussi==
{{otherlang
|pagelang=fr
|en=Appeal to faith
|es=Apelación a la fe
|pt=Apelo à fé}}

==Liens externes==
*[http://www.logicallyfallacious.com/index.php/logical-fallacies/31-appeal-to-faith Appeal to Faith] — Logically Fallacious 
*[http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/fallacies.html Appeal to faith] — C. George Boeree
*[http://www.rationalresponders.com/logical_fallacy_lesson_7_appeal_to_faith Logical Fallacy Lesson 7: Appeal to Faith] — Rational Responders

[[Category:Français]]
[[Category:Logique]]

Categories: Français, Logique