Loch Ness Monster

[[File:Nessie.svg|right|thumb|That isnae a wee timorous beastie.]]{{Cryptid}}

{{cquote|I don't know anything about [[zoology]], [[biology]], [[geology]], geography, marine biology, [[cryptozoology]], [[Theory of evolution|evolutionary theory]], [[evolutionary biology]], meteorology, limnology, [[history]], [[Reptile|herpetology]], [[Paleontology|palaeontology]] or [[archaeology]]. [[Just asking questions|But I think]]: what if a [[dinosaur]] had got in the lake?|||{{wpl|Stewart Lee}}}}

The '''Loch Ness Monster''' (nicknamed "'''Nessie'''") is a shy vermiform beast supposedly roaming the murky depths of [[Scotland]]'s {{wpl|Loch Ness||,}} making the odd teasing surface appearance only to shaky-handed photographers with poorly-focused cameras. Hoax photographers and others of limited vision tend to cast the dreadful Orm as a plesiosaur, making it more attractive to a juvenile audience (leaving aside the fact that plesiosaurs were physically incapable of holding their neck in the manner depicted).

Nessie is worth a small fortune to the Scottish tourism industry in general, and to the economies of Inverness and the Highlands in particular. It should therefore be treated as a fact, not a scam, and all [[skepticism]] should be put aside for the greater good of the ''puir wee bairns''.<ref>[https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/627436/loch-ness-monster-tourism-in-scotlands-economy Cryptid Currency: How the Loch Ness Monster Became a Force in Scotland’s Economy] ''Mental Floss'' 4 September 2020</ref> Cryptozoology anyone? At least not believing in it doesn't [[Pascal's wager|incur eternal consequences]], unlike many other things.

Some people attempt to trace it back to [[Saint Columba]]'s encounter with a water-monster, supposedly dated to August 22, 565 CE, while he was travelling Scotland converting people; Columba told the beast to get lost when it attacked one of his followers.<ref>[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/celebrating-1447-years-of-the-loch-ness-monster-30711823/ Celebrating 1,447 Years of the Loch Ness Monster] ''Smithsonian Magazine'' 23 August 2012</ref>

==Surgeon's photograph==
[[Image:LNMonster.jpg|thumb|232px|left|The famous photograph as it appeared in the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' in 1934. The article in the paper had the bombastic headline "MONSTER OF LOCH NESS IS NOT LEGEND BUT A FACT".]]
[[Image:Loch-Ness-Monster-photo-Surgeons-uncropped.jpg|thumb|232px|left|Uncropped version of the same]]

The most famous photograph of the Loch Ness Monster is the "Surgeon's Photo", taken by Colonel Robert Wilson, a surgeon (actually a gynaecologist, but that might get unexpected search results) in the British Army in 1934. Although somewhat convincing in the cropped version, a full-sized version of the photograph eventually emerged showing that the "head" of the monster was actually remarkably small. It was later revealed to be a complete hoax.<ref>[http://hoaxes.org/photo_database/image/the_surgeons_photo/ The Surgeon's Photo] ''Museum of Hoaxes''</ref><ref>[https://theconversation.com/why-the-search-for-the-loch-ness-monster-and-other-beasts-continues-90-years-after-that-first-blurry-photograph-217475 Why the search for the Loch Ness monster (and other beasts) continues 90 years after that first blurry photograph] ''The Conversation'' 10 November 2023</ref>

==Other photographs==
In June 2020, a photo circulated across the Internet of the Loch Ness Monster, "proving" it exists. ''The Syracuse'',<ref>[http://syracuse.com/us-news/2020/06/is-the-loch-ness-monster-real-new-photo-fuels-speculation.html Is the Loch Ness Monster real? New photo fuels speculation] ''Syracuse.com'' 24 June 2020</ref> the ''[[Daily Mail]]''<ref>[http://dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8451857/Tourists-photo-showing-creature-rising-water-sparks-online-claims-Nessy.html Is this REALLY Nessie? Tourist's photo showing creature rising from water sparks online claims that it could be 'one of the best ever' pictures of Loch Ness Monster] ''The Daily Mail'' 23 June 2020</ref> (some never learn), and ''[[Forbes]]''<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/danidiplacido/2020/06/24/the-return-of-the-loch-ness-monster-feels-amusingly-appropriate/ The ‘Return’ Of The Loch Ness Monster Feels Amusingly Appropriate] ''Forbes'' 24 June 2020</ref> all reported it; though Forbes and Syracuse tried to put a little bit of skepticism in their reports, they mostly had the article filled with speculation. However, this photo was disproven after people matched the "monster" with an Italian catfish.<ref>[https://www.sciencealert.com/this-new-pic-claiming-to-show-a-mysterious-creature-in-loch-ness-is-totally-fake There's a New Photo Circulating of The Loch Ness Monster, But Guess What] ''ScienceAlert'' 25 June 2020</ref>

==Plausibility==
While there has been much debunking done on individual pieces of evidence like the above Surgeon's photo, and plenty of searches to outright prove that there's nothing there [[Russell's Teapot|(inasmuch as the absence of a thing in a large, hard-to-explore-or-at-least-thoroughly-observe space ''can'' be definitively proven)]], few people ever bother to consider whether such a creature like Nessie could even plausibly exist. If Nessie, as in popular culture, was a plesiosaur or some other Mesozoic marine reptile, she would need to frequently surface for air.<ref>[https://theconversation.com/is-the-loch-ness-monster-real-197338 Is the Loch Ness monster real?] ''The Conversation'' 27 February 2023</ref> Loch Ness may be one of the largest freshwater bodies in Europe, but it's not big enough for something of Nessie's size to hide while doing this; after all, we see dolphins and whales pop up quite regularly in much lower population densities. To quote [[Brian Dunning]] on the subject,

{{cquote|A breeding population necessary for minimal genetic diversity would require at least 100 individuals. This means that there should be a minimum of several thousand heads popping up per day for air. Given that there are so few sightings, in light of the number of eyes watching the loch every day, the possibility that any air-breathing yet unseen animals are in the loch becomes vanishingly small.<ref>[http://skeptoid.com/episodes/4318 The Loch Ness Monster] ''Skeptoid Podcast (Episode 318)'' 10 July 2012</ref>|||}}

Even if the hypothetical creature weren't an air breather, there's the additional problem of food supply. Loch Ness has hardly any fish in it larger than your thumb, and is too deep for sunlight to penetrate to the lakebed (thus little to no vegetation grows in it). A breeding population of giant underwater monsters, even assuming they were cold-blooded, would have to eat hundreds of times the weight of all available life in the lake just to survive.

The other plausible explanation is that it's not that big. A DNA study by Otago University found the most likely candidate was an eel, although they reluctantly admitted the largest eel ever caught in Europe weighed an un-monstrous 5.38kg. Prof Neil Gemmell, head of the study, conceded, "It is possible there are very large eels, but it depends how big you think 'large' is."<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/sep/05/loch-ness-monster-could-be-a-giant-eel-say-scientists Loch Ness monster could be a giant eel, say scientists] ''[[The Guardian]]'' 5 September 2019</ref><ref>[https://theconversation.com/have-scientists-finally-killed-off-the-loch-ness-monster-123075 Have scientists finally killed off the Loch Ness Monster?] ''The Conversation'' 6 September 2019</ref>

==Similar beasts==
Jealous of Loch Ness, other Scottish bodies of water have claimed their own cryptids. Morag in Loch Morar has been observed several times over 100 years, upending a boat carrying two 
drunken
 fishermen in 1969, and last spotted in 2013.<ref>[http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/weird-news/tourists-shock-morag-loch-morar-2219656#MJMmrpKEvAx7ADBx.97 Tourists' shock as Morag of Loch Morar – Scotland's second most famous monster – makes a comeback after 20 years] ''The Daily Record'' 25 August 2013</ref> Otters may be responsible. {{wpl|Muc-sheilche}} lives in Loch Maree. Lochs Arkaig, Awe, Duich, Linnhe, Lochy, Lomond, Oich, Quoich, Shiel, and Suainaval, in addition to being the sounds a Scotsman makes falling down a flight of stairs, also claim beasts.<ref>{{wpa|List of Scottish loch-monsters}}</ref> The {{wpl|Stronsay Beast}} was a [[Globster|decomposing carcass]] washed ashore in 1808 which looked very slightly like a plesiosaur. {{wpl|Giglioli's Whale||,}} an alleged whale distinguished by a second dorsal fin, has been misidentified in water off Aberdeen; it is almost certainly a mutant individual of a known whale species.

==Kelpie==
Some cryptozoologists have speculated that the legend of the monster could be connected to earlier stories of a {{wpl|kelpie}} (a shape-shifting water spirit that usually takes a horse-like form) seen around Loch Ness. In folklore, kelpies were spirits found in distant parts of [[Scotland]] who took the form of a horse, enticed a rider onto their back, and leapt into the water to [[Death|drown]] their rider, often employing some means to prevent the rider from disembarking, such as turning their skin adhesive at will. This was usually followed by the kelpie devouring their victim, leaving only their liver behind. Opinions vary as to whether Nessie was actually a kelpie, or the earlier stories of kelpies were really sightings of Nessie. A brief 1905 news report recorded an older legend of kelpies near Loch Ness, while a 1881 account described it as following:
{{quotebox|This kelpie had been in the habit of appearing as a beautiful black horse, finely caparisoned, on a well-frequented road in the Highlands. By his winning ways he allured unwary travellers to mount him. No sooner had the weary, unsuspecting victim seated himself in the saddle than away darted the horse with more than the speed of the [[hurricane]], and plunged into the deepest part of Loch Ness, and the rider was never more seen.<ref>{{Cite book |title=[https://www.google.ie/books/edition/Notes_on_the_Folk_lore_of_the_North_east/CIoNAAAAQAAJ Notes on the Folk-lore of the North-east of Scotland] |year=1881 |page=38 |isbn= |author=Gregor, Walter}}</ref>}}

It is often said that the monster was never seen until 1934, which seems good evidence of its invention in that year by Colonel Robert Wilson. But it may be influenced by older myths.<ref>[http://www.strangehistory.net/2013/12/22/was-nessie-a-kelpie/ Was Nessie a Kelpie?] ''StrangeHistory.net'' 22 December 2013</ref>

==See also==
*The creature's [[:File:Nessie head.jpg|actual disgusting appearance]], extrapolated from ''The Great Orm of Loch Ness''<ref>Holiday, F.T. ''The Great Orm of Loch Ness'' (Faber and Faber 1968)</ref>

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyR7pdLDz_g Jethro Tull sings a creepy ditty from a kelpie's POV]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cryptozoology]]
[[Category:Folklore]]
[[Category:United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Scams]]
[[Category:Scotland]]

Categories: Cryptozoology, Folklore, United Kingdom, Scams, Scotland