Miracle Mineral Supplement

[[File:D-W003 Warnung vor giftigen Stoffen ty.svg|left|thumb|165px|The only "miracle" is that more people haven't died from this yet.]]
[[File:Miracle Mineral Supplement.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Miracle Mineral Supplement]]
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'''Miracle Mineral Supplement''', often referred to as '''Miracle Mineral Solution''' or '''MMS''', is the name given by its promoter, former [[Scientology|Scientologist]]<ref>[http://www.rawstory.com/2015/05/quack-defends-bleach-enemas-to-cure-autism-if-its-poison-where-is-the-sea-of-dead-children Quack defends bleach enemas to ‘cure’ autism]. Rawstory, May 2015.</ref> and sometime Colonel Sanders lookalike Jim Humble {{lived|1932|2023}},<ref>[https://archive.is/eNEf4 Special Announcement]. Archived from jimhumble.co, 5 September 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.houstonpress.com/news/heres-why-authorities-want-to-stop-the-sale-of-jim-humbles-miracle-cure-8909556 Here's Why Authorities Want to Stop the Sale of Jim Humble's Miracle Cure] by Craig Malisow (November 1, 2016 | 4:00am) ''Houston Press''.</ref> to an aqueous solution of 28% sodium chlorite (NaClO<sub>2</sub>), a toxic industrial chemical<ref>Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, McGraw-Hill Professional; 8th edition (March 28, 2006), ISBN 978-0071437639</ref><ref>[http://www.poisoncentre.be/article.php?id_article=39 Belgian Poison Centre, "Chlorates"] accessed 2011-02-17</ref><ref>Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. Robert E. Gosselin, Roger P. Smith, Harold C. Hodge, Jeannet Braddock. Uitgever: Williams & Wilkins; 5 edition (September 1984) ISBN 978-0683036329</ref><ref>Sodium Chlorite — Summary Report of the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products — Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit [http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/vet/mrls/sodiumchlorite.pdf]</ref><ref>[http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/_2010/2010_74-eng.php Health Canada, "Health Risks Associated with Use of Miracle Mineral Solution"]], 12 May 2010</ref> known to cause fatal renal failure,<ref>Acute sodium chlorite poisoning associated with renal failure. Lin JL, Lim PS. Ren Fail. 1993;15(5):645-8. PMID 8290712</ref> in distilled [[water]], prepared in a citric acid solution resulting in the formation of chlorine dioxide (ClO<sub>2</sub>), a potent oxidising agent used in water treatment and in bleaching.<ref name=fda>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100803203556/http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm220747.htm FDA Warns Consumers of Serious Harm from Drinking Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS)] (July 30, 2010) ''U.S. Food & Drug Administration'' (archived from August 3, 2010).</ref> The name was first coined by the inventor of the "medicine", Jim Humble, in his 2006 self-published book, ''The Miracle Mineral Solution of the 21<sup>st</sup> Century''.<ref>''The Miracle Mineral Solution of the 21<sup>st</sup> Century'' by Jim V. Humble (2006) ISBN 0982471203.</ref>

MMS is promoted as a cure for [[HIV/AIDS]], [[malaria]], viral hepatitis, the [[H1N1]] flu virus, {{wpl|common cold|common colds|,}} [[COVID-19]], acne, [[cancer]], and much more (though apparently not [[Credulity|gullibility]]). All evidence in support of this comes from Jim Humble's book and from [[Anecdotal evidence|anecdotes]] promoted by the [[ironically]]-named Humble who claims to be a billion-year-old [[God]] from the [[Andromeda Galaxy]].<ref>[http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/ucm152422.htm Warning letter] (January 06, 2009) ''U.S. Food & Drug Administration'' (archived from July 10, 2009).</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090715082816/http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/backyard-cancer-healer-deceived-patients-20090423-agcy.html Backyard cancer 'healer' deceived patients] by Marissa Calligeros (April 24, 2009) ''The Brisbane Times'' (archived from July 15, 2009).</ref> MMS is often described as a water purifier (especially on eBay, where sales of [[quack]] remedies are notionally banned) so as to circumvent regulations prohibiting the sale of unregulated medicines.<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/national/deadly-chemical-being-sold-as-miracle-cure-20100108-lyvl.htm Deadly chemical being sold as miracle cure] by Erik Jensen (January 9, 2010 — 12.00am) ''The Sydney Morning Herald''.</ref> In January 2010, ''The Sydney Morning Herald'' reported that one vendor admitted that they do not repeat any of Jim Humble's claims in writing in order to circumvent regulations against using it as a medicine.<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/sunday-star-times/news/3257125/Miracle-chemical-dubbed-a-danger 'Miracle' chemical dubbed a danger"] by Sarah Harvey (05:00, Jan 24 2010) ''Sunday Star Times''.</ref>

MMS is so self-evidently [[bullshit]] that even [[whale.to]] [[Stopped clock|expresses]] [[skepticism]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080601231031/http://www.whale.to/b/miracle_mineral_supplement.html Miracle Mineral Supplement] ''whale.to'' (archived from June 1, 2008). Tinfoil hat recommended.</ref> preferring [[BS|"proven"]] [[radionics]] devices.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191011063351/http://www.whale.to/b/radionics_h.html Radionics: Shadow government] ''whale.to'' (archived from October 11, 2019).</ref>

In claiming to cure a broad spectrum of disparate and unrelated conditions, all without the basis of credible evidence, it fails the "Barrett Test" as proposed by [[Stephen Barrett]], who advises to "be skeptical of any product claimed to be effective against a wide range of unrelated diseases — particularly diseases that are serious. There is no such thing as a [[panacea]] or 'cure-all'."<ref>[http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/avoid.html Ten Ways to Avoid Being Quacked] by Stephen Barrett, (2 April 1997) ''Quack Watch''.</ref>

[[Welsh]] blogger {{wpl|Rhys Morgan}} {{lived|1994}} rose to prominence with his tale of taking on promoters of MMS in a forum for support of Crohn's sufferers (Morgan has Crohn's). He was hounded off the site and banned for criticising MMS.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2010/sep/15/miracle-mineral-solutions-mms-bleach The man who encourages the sick and dying to drink industrial bleach: Vulnerable people with cancer, Aids, influenza and malaria are being urged to drink Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS) – described by the FDA as 'industrial bleach'] by Martin Robbins (15 Sep 2010 07.30 EDT) ''The Guardian''.</ref> At least one importer has been convicted in the [[UK]].

In recent years, MMS has been promoted as a "cure" for [[autism|autistic]] children.<ref>[http://leftbrainrightbrain.co.uk/2012/05/30/mms-or-how-to-cure-autism-with-bleach-brought-to-you-by-autismone/ MMS, or how to cure autism with bleach. Brought to you by AutismOne] (May 30, 2012) ''lbrb''.</ref><ref>[http://www.thinkingautismguide.com/2012/06/dangerous-interventions-mms-and-autism.html Dangerous Interventions: MMS and Autism] by Emily Willingham (June 6, 2012) ''Thinking Person's Guide to Autism''.</ref> In addition to the obvious dangers of subjecting a developing child's gastrointestinal system to industrial bleaching agents,<ref>[http://www.thinkingautismguide.com/2013/01/mms-yes-it-is-bleach.html MMS: Yes, It Is Bleach] by Emily Willingham (January 11, 2013) ''Thinking Person's Guide to Autism''.</ref> forcing MMS on a non-consenting child almost certainly qualifies as [[child abuse]] and could potentially lead to legal repercussions for the caregiver, including loss of custody of the child. MMS has also been promoted to the [[anti-vaccination movement]] (antivax) at a summit known as [[Autism One|''Autism One'']].<ref>[http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/bleaching-away-what-ails-you/ Bleaching away what ails you: In an attempt to cure autism, some parents have taken to using Miracle Medical Solution (MMS), a "supplement" that is in reality a form of powerful bleach. They’re even giving autistic children bleach enemas. I wish I were kidding, but I'm dead serious.] by David Gorski (May 28, 2012) ''Science-Based Medicine''.</ref>

==Toxicity==
[[File:Jim Humble.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Jim Humble]]
When taken as directed by Humble, the likely effects include "severe nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, dehydration and hypotension. If the solution is diluted less than instructed, it could cause damage to the gut and red blood cells, potentially resulting in respiratory failure."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101209184308/http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2010/sep/mms Warning against consumption of Miracle Mineral Solution] (24 September 2010) ''Food Standards Agency''.</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11404218 Alert issued on danger supplement] (24 September 2010) ''BBC News''.</ref>{{efn|What he doesn't mention is that even if the solution ''is'' diluted as instructed, it’ll ''still'' cause damage to the gut and red blood cells, because '''it's fucking industrial-grade ''bleach'''''.}}

Chronic exposure to small doses of chlorine dioxide could cause reproductive and neurodevelopmental damage, according to the United States [[Environmental Protection Agency]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030224161749/http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0648.htm Chlorite (sodium salt) (CASRN 7758-19-2)] ''U.S. Environmental Protection Agency'' (archived from February 24, 2003).</ref> 

In animal studies, chlorine dioxide has been shown to impair thyroid function and reduce T4 cell count in monkeys after 6 months.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1569048 Subchronic toxicity of chlorine dioxide and related compounds in drinking water in the nonhuman primate] by J. P. Bercz et al. (1982) ''Environ. Health Perspect.'' 46:47–55. doi:10.1289/ehp.824647.</ref> Another study in rats resulted in reduced red blood cell count when exposed to 100&nbsp;mg/L of chlorine dioxide concentration in their drinking water, after 3 months.<ref>[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/10915818409009082 Toxicity of Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water] by M. S. Abdel-Rahman et al. (1984) ''International Journal of Toxicology'' 3(4):277-284. doi:10.3109/10915818409009082.</ref> 

The United States Department of Labor restricts occupational exposure through inhalation of chlorine dioxide to 0.1ppm since concentrations at 10ppm resulted in deaths in rats after 10 days, while a case where a worker was accidentally exposed to 19ppm resulted in death.<ref name=labor>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110322230449/http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/chlorinedioxide/recognition.html Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Chlorine Dioxide] ''United States Department of Labor'' (archived from March 22, 2011).</ref> According to the same organization, "chlorine dioxide is a severe respiratory and eye irritant in humans."<ref name=labor/>

After using MMS, some users may see appearances of "worm-like" objects in their feces and may believe these are actual [[parasite]]s (sometimes described using the [[pseudoscientific]] term "rope worms"). These "worms" are, of course, misidentified as causing the autism symptoms or other ills that they want to treat, and the users may see the "worms" as a sign that the MMS is working. In reality, the "worms" actually are shedded gut lining that has been destroyed by the chlorine dioxide bleach, and they are a sign that you really should stop drinking toxic shit that is ripping your intestines apart.<ref>[https://www.autism.org/helminths-as-a-cause-or-a-potential-treatment-for-autism/ "Helminths as a Cause or a Potential Treatment for Autism?"] by William Parker, Autism Research Institute</ref><ref>[https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/rope-worms-cest-la-merde/ "Rope Worms: C’est la Merde"] by Herbert Hall, Science-Based Medicine, 2014 May 27</ref><ref group=note>Compare to [[Morgellons disease]], a fictitious "disease" often blamed on subdermal "[[parasite]]s" that, when clawed out by a sufficiently [[insane]]/[[Paranoia|paranoid]] and determined [[Illness anxiety disorder|hypochondriac]], as often as not turn out to be ''the sufferer's own nerve endings''. No, we're not kidding (as much as we wish we were).</ref>

From 2014 to 2020, the {{wpl|American Association of Poison Control Centers}} recorded over 16,000 cases of chlorine dioxide poisoning, including reports of approximately 2500 cases involving children who are under 12 years old.<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/investigations/2020/09/04/church-leader-sons-jailed-defying-fda-touting-coronavirus-cure/5660825002/ "'You have no authority over us': Church leader, sons jailed for insisting chemical's power to heal trumps laws of the state"] by Michael Braga, USA Today, 2020 September 4</ref>

===Deaths===
Between 2009 and 2019, the FDA has directly linked seven deaths to people who have ingested MMS.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/13/health/drinking-bleach-autism-cancer.html Don't Drink Bleach, the F.D.A. Says: Alarmed about misinformation online, the agency warned about bleach solutions that are being marketed as cures for autism, H.I.V./AIDS and cancer.] by Christine Hauser (2019 Aug 13) ''The New York Times''.</ref>

One man reported that his wife died after trying MMS a single time while traveling abroad. She had been dancing happily the day before, took MMS under the impression it would protect her from {{wpl|malaria||,}} and died in her husband's arms hours later.<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/US/husband-fringe-churchs-miracle-cure-killed-wife/story?id=43081647 Husband Says Fringe Church's 'Miracle Cure' Killed His Wife], ABC News</ref>

Worst of all, people who don't believe in modern medicine may fail to get help during a life-threatening emergency. "The majority of people that use this product are not going to be calling the poison center," warns toxicologist Dr. Kelly Johnson-Arbor.<ref>[https://www.fairwarning.org/2019/09/theres-been-an-uptick-in-the-use-of-the-crackpot-cure-miracle-mineral-solution/ There’s Been an Uptick in the Use of the Crackpot Cure, Miracle Mineral Solution], Fair Warning</ref> Thus, it's hard to say just how many serious poisonings have occurred.

==Government alerts==
{{cquote|Miracle Mineral Solution and similar products are not FDA-approved, and ingesting these products is the same as drinking bleach. Consumers should not use these products, and parents should not give these products to their children for any reason.|||FDA Acting Commissioner Ned Sharpless, M.D.<ref>[https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-warns-consumers-about-dangerous-and-potentially-life-threatening-side-effects-miracle-mineral FDA warns consumers about the dangerous and potentially life threatening side effects of Miracle Mineral Solution]</ref>}}

In December 2009, an alert was issued by the [[Belgian]] Poison Control Centre to the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. In response to this, an evaluation was performed by the [[French]] "Comité de coordination de toxicovigilance" in March 2010, warning about a dose-dependent irritation and possible toxic effects. They also warned that patients affected by serious diseases could be tempted to stop their treatments in favour of this alternative treatment.<ref>[http://www.centres-antipoison.net/CCTV/Rapport_CCTV_Solution_minerale_miracle_2010.pdf Evaluation des risques liés à la consommation du produit dénommé «Solution Minérale Miracle» (MMS)] by Patrick Nisse et al. March 2010) ''Comité de coordination de Toxicovigilance''.</ref>

A similar notice was released in July 2010 by the [[US]] [[Food and Drug Administration]] warning that the instructions for preparing the solution by mixing it with an acidic solution (e.g. orange juice) would produce chlorine dioxide, "a potent bleach used for stripping textiles and industrial water treatment." Because of reports including nausea, vomiting, and dangerously low blood pressure as a result of dehydration following instructed use, the FDA has advised consumers to dispose of the product immediately.<ref name=fda/>

In the UK, the Food Standards Agency also released a warning, following the warnings from Health [[Canada]] and the US FDA, in it they stated that "MMS is a 28% sodium chlorite solution which is equivalent to industrial-strength bleach."<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-11540146 Praise for Rhys Morgan, 15, over 'miracle' cure alert] (15 October 2010) ''BBC News''.</ref>

After four were hospitalized in the state of Victoria in 2014, the [[Australia|Australian]] Theraputic Goods Administration division of the Department of Health and the Victorian state Department of Health and Human Services released Safety Advisories on MMS, with one spokesperson describing it as "this isn't like drinking bleach, it literally is drinking bleach."<ref>[https://www.tga.gov.au/alert/miracle-mineral-solution-mms Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS) Safety Advisory], Australian Government Department of Health</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150304142824/http://www.health.vic.gov.au/media/miracle-mineral-solution.htm Health Warning on 'Miracle Mineral Solution'] (4 November 2014) ''Department of Health & Human Services, State Government of Victoria, Australia'' (archived from March 4, 2015).</ref>

Following media attention towards MMS seminars in [[Ireland]] and [[New Zealand]], politicians in both countries have taken up bills aiming to ban any sale of the compound.<ref>[http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/senator-to-raise-miracle-cure-groups-irish-seminar-in-seanad-287763.html Senator to raise ‘Miracle cure’ group's Irish seminar in Seanad] by Fiachra Ó Cionnaith (20 September 2014) ''Irish Examiner''.</ref><ref>[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11353674 Bill to ban unethical products like Ebola 'cure' before Parliament] by Kurt Bayer (5 November 2014) ''The New Zealand Herald''.</ref> Irish parents who have used MMS on their children are facing criminal investigations.<ref>[http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/parents-quizzed-over-bleach-treatment-for-autism-323563.html ''Parents quizzed over bleach treatment for autism] by Seán McCárthaigh (13 April 2015) ''Irish Examiner''.</ref>

Similar media attention towards Kerri Rivera, the main promoter of MMS as an autism cure, prompted the [[Illinois]] attorney general to send agents to Rivera's presentation at the 2015 Autism One conference and serve her with a subpoena. Unable to present proof of MMS' benefits, Rivera was forced to sign an agreement barring her from further promoting MMS or appearing at conferences in the state of Illinois.<ref>[https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/illinois-attorney-general-lisa-madigan-miracle-mineral-solution-autism/1996315/ State Takes Action Against “Miracle Treatment” For Children: "There are people — complete quacks — that are out there promoting very dangerous chemicals," Atty. Gen. Lisa Madigan says] by Phil Rogers (Published June 24, 2015 • Updated on June 24, 2015 at 11:01 pm) ''NBC Chicago''.</ref> Rivera has since announced that she will no longer do MMS consultations for autistic kids, but her following of anti-vaccine parents remains active on social media.

Jim Humble's church was forced to move an MMS seminar in East Sussex, [[England]] to an undisclosed location after two venues refused to host the event. The meeting was infiltrated by reporters, and undercover footage they collected led to accusations that speakers violated Britain's 1939 Cancer Act.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/11628065/The-fake-cancer-cure-conference-the-healers-tried-to-keep-secret.html The fake cancer cure conference the 'healers' tried to keep secret: "That's what I need!" an elderly lady called out from the audience, her frail voice filled with excitement] by Laura Donnelly & Justin Stoneman (10:02AM BST 25 May 2015) ''The Telegraph''.</ref> Another seminar in Surrey was raided by police and Trading Standards agents.<ref>[https://www.skeptical-science.com/people/trading-standards-action-miracle-mineral-solution/ Trading Standards take action on 'Miracle Mineral Solution'] by Dave (June 20, 2015) ''Skeptical Science''.</ref>

==Government and legal action==
On 27 May 2015, a federal jury in the Eastern District of [[Washington]] returned a guilty verdict against Louis Daniel Smith for selling industrial bleach as a miracle cure for numerous diseases and illnesses, including cancer, AIDS, malaria, hepatitis, lyme disease, asthma, and the common cold.<ref>[http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/seller-miracle-mineral-solution-convicted-marketing-toxic-chemical-miracle-cure Seller of "Miracle Mineral Solution" Convicted for Marketing Toxic Chemical as a Miracle Cure] (May 28, 2015) ''The United States Department of Justice''.</ref> On 27 October, Smith was sentenced to 51 months in prison.

{{quotebox|…the jury convicted Smith of one count of conspiracy to commit multiple crimes, three counts of introducing misbranded drugs into interstate commerce with intent to defraud or mislead and one count of fraudulently smuggling merchandise into the United States.<ref name=justice>[https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/seller-miracle-mineral-solution-convicted-marketing-toxic-chemical-miracle-cure Seller of "Miracle Mineral Solution" Convicted for Marketing Toxic Chemical as a Miracle Cure] (May 28, 2015) ''The United States Department of Justice''.</ref>}}

{{quotebox|Before trial, three of Smith's alleged co-conspirators, Chris Olson, Tammy Olson and Karis DeLong, Smith's wife, pleaded guilty to introducing misbranded drugs into interstate commerce.<ref name=justice/>}}

On 9 May 2016, Harris County Attorney Vince Ryan filed an injunction against Shane Hawkins of Angleton, Texas for promoting MMS at Houston-area hotels on behalf of the Genesis II Church. Ryan aimed to stop Hawkins from hosting further seminars, and kept open the possibility that Hawkins will be criminally charged.<ref>[http://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/prognosis/article/County-attorney-sues-to-stop-sale-of-church-s-7423478.php Harris County attorney sues to stop church's sale of toxic 'miracle cure'] by  Todd Ackerman (May 9, 2016 Updated: May 9, 2016 6:36 p.m.) ''The Houston Chronicle''.</ref> During the [[2019-20 COVID-19 outbreak]], the FDA issued a warning to this same "church", as they were touting this poison as a cure for the coronavirus.<ref>[https://dfw.cbslocal.com/2020/04/10/coronavirus-texas-fda-orders-church-fake-covid-19-miracle-cure/ "Coronavirus In Texas: FDA Orders Church To Stop Promoting COVID-19 Miracle Cure"] (April 10, 2020 at 8:28 am) ''CBS DFW, 2020''.</ref> 

The FDA issued a similar injunction to stop selling bleach as a treatment for COVID-19 to a branch of Genesis II located in Bradenton, Florida on April 17, 2020.<ref>[https://www.mysuncoast.com/2020/04/27/feds-issue-injunction-against-bradenton-church-distributing-miracle-mineral-solution/ "Feds issue injunction against Bradenton church distributing ‘Miracle Mineral Solution’"] by ABC7 staff, 2020 April 27</ref> The "church" ignored the warnings, so the church was raided on July 8, 2020. Four individuals (Mark Grenon, Jonathan Grenon, Jordan Grenon and Joseph Grenon) were charged with conspiracy to defraud the United States, conspiracy to violate the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and criminal contempt.<ref>[https://www.mysuncoast.com/2020/07/08/federal-agencies-hazmat-crews-respond-bradenton-church-selling-covid-miracle-solution/ "Federal agencies, hazmat crews respond to Florida church selling COVID-19 ‘miracle solution’"] by ABC7 staff, 2020 July 8</ref> In April 2021, a United States federal grand jury indicted the Grenons for fraudulently marketing and selling chlorine dioxide under the name "Miracle Mineral Solution". The indictment says that the men made more than a million dollars claiming that their product could cure COVID-19, cancer, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, autism, malaria, hepatitis, Parkinson’s, herpes, HIV/Aids, and a range of other medical disorders.<ref>Edward Helmore, [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/apr/24/florida-man-sons-indicted-selling-bleach-covid Florida family indicted for selling toxic bleach as fake Covid ‘cure’]. The Guardian, 24 April 2021.</ref>

In 2020, the FDA issued a new injunction ordering Genesis II to stop all sales of MMS.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/21/bleach-coronavirus-us-orders-group-stop-selling US orders group to stop selling bleach 'miracle cure' for coronavirus], The Guardian</ref>

===Bans===
The sale of MMS is banned in Canada.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/sep/15/miracle-mineral-solutions-mms-bleach The man who encourages the sick and dying to drink industrial bleach] - The Guardian</ref>

On May 2, 2020, Emma Dalmayne excitedly announced via Twitter that MMS had been banned in the United States. Dalmayne tweeted an image of text from court papers.<ref>[https://twitter.com/EDalmayne/status/1256523878937104386 Tweet by Emma Dalmayne]</ref>

===Bolivia's bad decision===
In a frightening turn of events, the Bolivian senate approved the use of MMS as a treatment for COVID-19, despite no evidence of efficacy and tons of evidence of life-threatening risks.<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/bolivian-senate-approves-toxic-bleach-as-covid-19-treatment-2020-7 Bolivia's senate approved 'miracle mineral solution' — a toxic bleach with no medical use — as a treatment for COVID-19], Business Insider</ref>

===Criticism on government responses===
{{cquote|For seven years Fiona O'Leary campaigned without funding to stop this [[cult]] from poisoning autistic children. For seven years the American authorities allowed them to do this. Finally, now that they put the non-autistic population at risk too, the government is taking action.|||Tania Melnyczuk from the Autistic Strategies Network<ref>[https://twitter.com/ekverstania/status/1251627730786975752 Tweet by @ekverstania]</ref>}}

The US government and the FDA have been criticized for failing to take strong decisive against MMS until the COVID-19 pandemic. Some people believe that it has failed to enforce laws strongly enough to protect people from poisoning.<ref>[https://www.consumerreports.org/scams-fraud/bogus-bleach-miracle-cure-fda-crackdown-miracle-mineral-solution-genesis-ii-church/ Why Did It Take a Pandemic for the FDA to Crack Down on a Bogus Bleach 'Miracle' Cure?], Consumer Reports</ref>

==Activism against MMS==
[[Autism rights movement|Autistic activists]] have worked hard for years to get MMS banned.

Autistic mother Emma Dalmayne has campaigned against MMS for years.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/jul/13/fake-cures-autism-prove-deadly The fake cures for autism that can prove deadly] - The Guardian</ref><ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/internet/moms-go-undercover-fight-fake-autism-cures-private-facebook-groups-n1007871 Parents are poisoning their children with bleach to 'cure' autism. These moms are trying to stop it.] - NBC News</ref><ref>[https://www.disabilitynewsservice.com/disabled-mum-seeks-ban-on-dangerous-snake-oil-cures-for-autism/ Disabled mum seeks ban on dangerous ‘snake-oil cures’ for autism], Disability News Service</ref> Her petition to ban fake autism "cures" (including MMS) has gathered over 60,000 signatures.<ref>[https://www.change.org/p/jeremy-hunt-make-autistic-cures-illegal-in-the-uk Make Autistic 'Cures' Illegal In The UK], change.org</ref>

Fiona O'Leary, also an autistic mother, went undercover to join an MMS Facebook group online and gather evidence.<ref>[https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/mms-bleach-autism-online-communities/ This activist is calling out parents who feed their autistic children bleach], Daily Dot</ref><ref>[http://autisticrightstogether.ie/index.php/2-uncategorised/30-fiona-o-leary-fighting-for-a-brighter-tomorrow-by-emma-d Fiona O'leary fighting for a brighter tomorrow], Autistic Rights Together</ref> These groups include photos of severely ill "detoxing" children and advice on hiding the truth from social services.<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/mms-jim-humble-bleach-autism-cure-youtube-2019-5 How conspiracy theorists who claim drinking 'MMS' bleach is a cure for autism reached millions of people on YouTube], Business Insider</ref> She shared evidence in court<ref>[https://www.rte.ie/news/2018/0215/941028-bleach/ Appeal over 'miracle' bleach cure is struck out], RTE</ref> and worked to help Ireland ban MMS. O'Leary has posted screenshots of happenings in the group on her blog, and it's truly horrifying.<ref>[https://fionaolearyblog.wordpress.com/2018/08/31/irish-mms-cd-bleach-parents-exposed/ IRISH MMS/CD BLEACH PARENTS EXPOSED] on Fiona O'Leary's blog. Don't scroll down unless you're prepared to see photos of pieces of children's internal organs outside their bodies.</ref>

==Crank magnetism==
MMS has become particularly popular amongst various far-right activists and [[conspiracy theorists]], including [[Alan Keyes]] (who promotes it on his show)<ref>[https://www.thedailybeast.com/alan-keyes-is-helping-sell-a-toxic-bleach-cure-miracle-mineral-solution-to-the-vulnerable-and-desperate Alan Keyes Is Helping Sell a Toxic Bleach 'Cure' to the Vulnerable and Desperate: The politician fronts a conservative web-based TV channel and appears in broadcasts with bottles of "Miracle Mineral Solution" on his desk.] by Kelly Weill (Updated Dec. 07, 2019 7:21AM ET) ''The Daily Beast''.</ref> and several top supporters of the [[QAnon]] movement. Among QAnon supporters, it is commonly touted as a supposed prevention and cure for the [[2019-20 COVID-19 outbreak]], which according to one of the pundits was created as part of a [[Depopulation conspiracy theory|depopulation scheme]] backed by [[Microsoft|Bill and Melinda Gates]]. Take MMS to combat a depopulation scheme? The irony abounds…<ref name=“QAnon”>[http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/01/qanon-supporters-are-drinking-bleach-to-fend-off-coronavirus.html QAnon Influencers Are Encouraging Their Followers to Drink Bleach to Stave Off Coronavirus] by Matt Stieb (Jan. 28, 2020) ''New York Intelligencer.</ref>

{{anchor|Genesis II}}{{anchor|Genesis II Church of Health and Healing}}{{anchor|Genesis II Church of Health & Healing}}

==Genesis II Church of Health and Healing: The chemical church==
Probably in response to the growing regulatory crackdown on MMS, by 2018 Jim Humble formed a "[[cult|church]]" known as "Genesis II Church of Health and Healing".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180831204602/http://genesis2church.ch/our-church Genesis II Church of Health and Healing] (archived from August 31, 2018).</ref> Genesis II's two main functions are promoting MMS quackery and supporting the antivax movement.

Genesis II claims that MMS and other substances are its [[sacrament]]s:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200425025040/http://genesis2church.ch/our-church Genesis II Church of Health and Healing] (archived from April 25, 2020).</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170529212740/http://mmswiki.is/index.php/Sacraments Sacraments] ''MMS Wiki'' (archived from May 29, 2017).</ref>
{{sbs|title=1|Genesis II sacraments:|RationalWiki:}}
{{sbs|1=Sodium chlorite 22.4% (MMS)
|2=Sodium chlorite (NaClO<sub>2</sub>) "is not known to occur naturally."<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506947/ Chlorinated Drinking-Water; Chlorination by-Products; Some Other Halogenated Compounds; Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds: 2. Production, Use, Occurrence and Analysis] (1991) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Volume 52.</ref> Sodium chlorite is a strong oxidant that can cause multiple health problems, including kidney failure.<ref>{{wpa|Sodium chlorite#Toxicity}}</ref>}}
{{sbs|1=HCl 4%, Hydrochloric Acid (MMS Activator)
|2=Hydrochloric acid occurs naturally in the stomach. "Ingestion of concentrated hydrochloric acid can also cause severe corrosive injury to the mouth, throat esophagus, and stomach, with bleeding, perforation, scarring, or stricture formation as potential sequelae."<ref>[https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MMG/MMG.asp?id=758&tid=147 Hydrogen Chloride] (Page last updated: October 21, 2014) ''Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry''.</ref>}}
{{sbs|1=Chlorine Dioxide (MMS1, Activated MMS)
|2=Chlorine dioxide (ClO<sub>2</sub>) does not occur naturally.<ref>[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chlorine-dioxide Chlorine dioxide (compound)] ''PubChem, National Library of Medicine''.</ref> It is a powerful bleaching agent.<ref>[https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-warns-consumers-about-dangerous-and-potentially-life-threatening-side-effects-miracle-mineral FDA warns consumers about the dangerous and potentially life threatening side effects of Miracle Mineral Solution] (August 12, 2019) ''U.S. Food & Drug Administration''.</ref>}}
{{sbs|1=Calcium Hypochlorite Turning into Hypochlorous acid in Water (MMS2)
|2=Calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)<sub>2</sub> or CaCl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) does not occur naturally.<ref>[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Calcium-hypochlorite#section=Hazards-Summary Calcium hypochlorite] ''PubChem, National Library of Medicine''.</ref> "The toxic effects of sodium and calcium hypochlorite are due primarily to the corrosive properties of hypochlorite. If you ingest a small amount of household bleaches (3-6% hypochlorite) you may experience gastrointestinal irritation. If you ingest a more concentrated commercial bleach (10% or higher hypochlorite) or hypochlorite powder you may suffer severe corrosive injuries to the mouth, throat, esophagus and stomach with bleeding, perforation, and eventually death. Permanent scars and narrowing of the esophagus may occur in survivors of severe intoxication."<ref>[https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tf.asp?id=928&tid=192 Calcium Hypochlorite/Sodium Hypochlorite] ''Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry''.</ref>}}
{{sbs|1=Calcium bentonite Clay
|2=Bentonite is one of the clays that people eat ([[geophagia]]). The [[FDA]] has warned that consumption of bentonite can lead to elevated [[lead]] levels in the body, which "can cause serious damage to the central nervous system, the kidneys, and the immune system."<ref>[https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-warns-consumers-about-health-risks-alikay-naturals-bentonite-me-baby-bentonite-clay FDA warns consumers about health risks with Alikay Naturals – Bentonite Me Baby – Bentonite Clay] (03/23/2016) ''U.S. Food & Drug Administration''.</ref>}}
{{sbs|1=[[DMSO]] (Dimethyl sulfoxide)
|2=&nbsp;}}
{{sbs|1=Diatomaceous earth
|2=&nbsp;}}

This is perhaps the first and only church to include a [[Quack Miranda Warning]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200207171034/https://jimhumble.co/ Jim Humble] (archived from February 7, 2020). "Disclaimer: The protocols described on this site are official sacraments of the Genesis II Church of Health and Healing. The reader accepts 100% responsibility for any and all use made of any information herein."</ref><ref>[http://archive.is/wip/KwSEs Contact] ''Jim Humble'' (archived from March 4, 2020). "These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease."</ref>

With membership, Genesis II offers a "letter of religious exemption from vaccinations and/or mandatory medications" and a membership card that states that "All members are exempt from any means not chosen, including but not limited to: vaccinations, medications, X-rays, scans, implants, mandatory voting, and health insurance mandated by a human government or authority."<ref name=letter>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200111053238/https://genesis2church.ch/articles-of-association/letter-of-religious-exemption Articles of association: Letter of religious exemption from vaccinations and/or mandatory medications] (November 29, 2016) ''Genesis II Church of Health and Healing'' (archived from January 11, 2020).</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200407074712/https://genesis2church.ch/our-church Our Church] ''Genesis II Church of Health and Healing'' (archived from January 7, 2020).</ref> The text of this statement is alarmist because US governments have been loathe to actually arrest, subdue, and vaccinate people — rather that has been compulsion (a fine in the precedent-setting case,<ref>{{wpa|Jacobson v. Massachusetts|''Jacobson v. Massachusetts''}}</ref> and typically denial of [[public school]] entrance for unvaccinated children in modern times). The letter attempts to claim a religious exemption, primarily by citing {{bible|2 Corinthians|3|16|17}},<ref name=letter/>{{efn|"Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you? If any man defile the temple of God, him shall God destroy; for the temple of God is holy, which temple ye are".<ref name=letter/>}} but [[hypocritically]], the website states elsewhere that the "church" is non-religious:

{{quotebox|The Genesis II Church of Health & Healing is a non-religious church welcoming people from all walks of life, religions, colors, creeds and belief systems.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200425025040/https://genesis2church.ch/our-church Our church] ''The Genesis II Church of Health & Healing'' (archived from April 25, 2020).</ref>}}

The letter includes a list of chemicals that are (sometimes) contained in vaccines and their alleged dangers:<ref name=letter/>
{{sbs|title=1|Genesis II:|RationalWiki:}}
{{sbs|1=&nbsp;  |2=In all cases, the amount of these chemicals in vaccines is very low.}}
{{sbs|1=Thimerosol:{{sic}} (Mercury) Highly poisonous to the human body
|2=[[Thiomersal]] was phased out of vaccines starting in 1999. The use of the mercury-based chemical was part of the [[autism omnibus trial]], which showed that the chemical was ''not'' responsible for autism. Also, thiomersal is substantially less toxic than other mercury compounds (e.g. methylmercury).<ref>[https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/thimerosal-and-vaccines#pres Thimerosal and Vaccines]] ''U.S. Food & Drug Administration''</ref>}}
{{sbs|1=Squalene – adjuvant causing autoimmune response in the body
|2=Squalene is found naturally in plants and animals, including humans. It is added to some vaccines to enhance the immune response to the vaccine itself. Twenty two million doses of flu vaccine have been administered safely.<ref>[https://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/committee/topics/adjuvants/squalene/questions_and_answers/en/ Squalene-based adjuvants in vaccines] ''World Health Organization.</ref>}}
{{sbs|1=Formaldehyde — a known cancer-causing agent
|2=Formaldehyde is produced naturally in humans. It is used to inactivate viruses so that they can be safely used in vaccines without causing disease. Formaldehyde has a long record of safe use in vaccines.<ref>[https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/common-ingredients-us-licensed-vaccines Common Ingredients in U.S. Licensed Vaccines] ''U.S. Food and Drug Administration''.</ref>}}
{{sbs|1=[[Aluminum]] — a neurotoxin that has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease
|2=Most vaccines contain a very small amount of either {{wpl|aluminum hydroxide}} (Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>) or {{wpl|aluminum phosphate}} (AlPO<sub>4</sub>). Both of these aluminum compounds occur in nature. The amount of aluminum that could pass into the brain from vaccines is so low that the risk is exceedingly low.<ref>[https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/ScienceResearch/ucm284520.htm Study Reports Aluminum in Vaccines Poses Extremely Low Risk to Infants] (02/06/2015) ''Food and Drug Administration''.</ref> The neurotoxicity of aluminum is primarily restricted to people incapable of removing excess ions from blood, such as people with renal failure.<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7016437/ The Clinical Biochemistry of Aluminum] by S. W. King et al. (1981) ''Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 14(1):1-20. doi:10.3109/10408368109105861.</ref> There is currently no strong evidence that aluminum or other metals cause Alzheimer's disease.<ref>[https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/about-dementia/risk-factors-and-prevention/metals-and-dementia Aluminium, metals and dementia] ''Alzheimer's Society''.</ref>}}
{{sbs|1=Triton X-100 — a detergent
|2=Triton X-100 is used in the manufacturing process of vaccines "to prevent aggregation and precipitation of biomolecules".<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s002160050560 Determination of Triton X-100 in influenza vaccine by high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis] by Katja Heinig & C. Vogt (1997) ''Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry'' 359:202–206. doi:10.1007/s002160050560.</ref> Triton X-100 has a low toxicity (i.e., is not dangerous at low doses).<ref>[https://www.2spi.com/catalog/documents/09910-TritonX100-20160412.pdf Triton™ X-100 Surfactant: Safety Data Sheet] (04/12/2016) ''The Dow Chemical Company''.</ref>}}
{{sbs|1=Phenol (carbolic acid)
|2=Phenol is used as a preservative in vaccines.<ref name=jewell>[https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-phenol#benefits What are the Medical and Health Uses for Phenol?] by Tim Jewell ''Health line''.</ref> Phenols as a class of chemicals are naturally-occurring in <ref>{{wpa|Naturally occurring phenols}}</ref> Naturally-occurring phenols are [[anti-oxidants]], which are good for heath in amounts normally contained in food.<ref name=jewell/>}}
{{sbs|1=Ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
|2=Vaccines ''do not'' contain ethylene glycol, an alcohol, which can cause intoxication and health problems.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537009/ Ethylene Glycol Toxicity] by Aruba Iqbal et al. (12019) ''StatPearls Publishing''.</ref><ref name=healthychildren>[https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/Vaccine-Ingredients-Frequently-Asked-Questions.aspx Vaccine Ingredients: Frequently Asked Questions] ''HealthChildren.org, American Academy of Pediatrics''.</ref> Vaccines ''do'' contain {{wpl|polyethylene glycol}} (PEG), which is used to inactivate the influenza virus in some vaccines.<ref name=healthychildren/> PEG has a low toxicity<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20031014143735/http://www.mindfully.org/Plastic/Polymers/Polyethylene-Glycols-PEGs.htm Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs)] by V. O. Sheftel (2000) In: ''Indirect Food Additives and Polymers: Migration and Toxicology''. Lewis Publishers. pp. 1114-1116.</ref> and is approved for use in food and toothpaste.<ref>{{wpa|Polyethylene glycol}}</ref>}}
{{sbs|1=SV-40 — Cancer causing monkey virus
|2=Some polio vaccines were contaminated with SV40 between 1955 and 1963,<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK221112/ Immunization Safety Review: SV40 Contamination of Polio Vaccine and Cancer] by K. Stratton et al. (2002) ''National Academies Press.</ref> but studies found no increase of cancer in humans exposed to this virus.<ref>[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/08/040825092736.htm Studies Find No Evidence That Simian Virus 40 Is Related To Human Cancer] (August 25, 2004) ''Science Daily''.</ref>}}
{{sbs|1=Various antibiotics: neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin — which can cause allergic reactions in some people.
|2="Antibiotics are used to prevent bacterial contamination during manufacture."<ref name=vec>[https://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-ingredients/antibiotics Vaccine Ingredients — Antibiotics] '"Vaccine Education Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia''.</ref> "However, the antibiotics most likely to cause severe allergic reactions (e.g., penicillin, cephalosporins and sulfa drugs) are not contained in vaccines."<ref name=vec/>}}
{{sbs|1=MSG: Known neurotoxin
|2="[[MSG]] is used as a preservative and stabilizer in some vaccines."<ref name=publichealth>[https://www.publichealth.org/public-awareness/understanding-vaccines/goes-vaccine/ What Goes Into a Vaccine?] ''PublicHealth.org''.</ref> MSG in low to moderate amounts has been demonstrated to be safe.<ref name=publichealth/> MSG is the sodium salt of glutamic acid, which naturally occurs in plants and foods. Glutamate is naturally-present in foods, particularly tomato, as is MSG (glutamate + table salt).<ref>{{wpa|Monosodium glutamate}}</ref>}}
Vaccines have repeatedly been shown to be safe and effective, and the risks have been shown to be far outweighed by the benefits, both individually and for the population as a whole.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141124105008/http://vec.chop.edu/service/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-safety/general-safety-concerns.html General Vaccine Safety Concerns] ''Vaccine Education Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia'' (archived from November 24, 2014).</ref>
Genesis II is thus engaging in a curious form of simultaneous [[irrational]] [[chemophobia]] (with regard to vaccines) ''and'' irrational chemophilia (with regard to MMS). Like [[homeopathy]], Humble is blissfully unaware of the concept of "[[the dose makes the poison]]" that is central to [[evidence-based medicine]], but unlike homeopathy, Humble is promoting dangerous doses of chemicals in MMS while promoting chemophobia over safe doses of chemicals in vaccines.

Alternative medicine relies strongly on the [[appeal to nature]] [[fallacy]], and so Genesis II is unusual among alt-med proponents in that it simultaneously promotes ingestion of known dangerous chemicals, some of which are synthetic (sodium chlorite, chlorine dioxide, and calcium hypochlorite), while claiming chemophobia for vaccine adjuvants, some of which are natural (squalene, formaldehyde, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, phenols, MSG) and all of which are safe).

Jim Humble is not the first person to put forth the idea of forming a church based on chemical usage. In 1965, inspired by [[Timothy Leary]], Arthur Kleps came up with the idea of forming a church based on [[LSD]] as a sacrament: the {{wpl|Neo-American Church||.}} It didn't end so well the first time around.

===Legal action===
In July 2023, four leaders of Genesis II — Mark Grenon and his sons Jonathan, Joseph, and Jordan — went to trial for conspiracy to defraud and contempt of court after they continued marketing MMS as a cure for [[COVID-19]] despite a court order to stop selling it due to health risks. All four were convicted by a Federal jury and sentenced to a total of over 12 years in prison.<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/world/church-leaders-who-sold-bleach-as-miracle-cure-get-12-year-prison-sentence/ar-AA1hOSmL 'Church' leaders who sold bleach as 'miracle' cure get 12-year prison sentence], ''Raw Story''</ref><ref>[https://www.bollyinside.com/news/health-news/leaders-of-genesis-ii-church-of-health-and-healing-sentenced-to-over-12-years-for-selling-toxic-bleach-as-fake-covid-19-miracle-cure/#:~:text=In%20a%20significant%20ruling%2C%20the%20leaders%20of%20the,States%20by%20distributing%20an%20unapproved%20and%20misbranded%20drug. Leaders of ‘Genesis II Church of Health and Healing’ Sentenced to Over 12 Years for Selling Toxic Bleach as Fake COVID-19 Miracle Cure]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Child abuse]]
*[[Pseudoscience]]
*[[Quackery]]
*[[Snake oil]]

==External links==
*[https://www.quackwatch.org/02ConsumerProtection/FDAActions/mms/mms.html Enforcement Actions against Miracle Mineral Supplement (MMS) Marketers] ([[Quackwatch]])
*[http://miraclemineral.org/ "Archbishop" Jim Humble's online bookstore]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20200605202905/http://genesis2church.ch/ Genesis II] — archived copy of the website before it got the axe in July 2020
*[http://mmswiki.is/ MMS Wiki] — apparently affiliated with Humble and Genesis II
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=do76EvIdxZY A link to a YouTube video of a 2014 BBC TV program showing how so-called "Miracle Mineral Solution" is promoted by Jim Humble's "Genesis-2-Church" ].
*A 2016 attempt to reboot the MMS franchise … [http://archive.is/MXvau www.quantumleap.is], fronted by [[Kacper Postawski]].

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Alternative medicine]]
[[Category:Autism woo]]
[[Category:Cancer woo]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience]]
[[Category:Religion]]

Categories: Alternative medicine, Autism woo, Cancer woo, Pseudoscience, Religion