Arianism

[[File:Arius püspök.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Arius counting to two]]
{{christianity}}
'''Arianism''' is a view of the [[Trinity]] where [[Jesus]] is a created being, rather than being one with [[YHWH|God]]; it is not to be confused with ''[[Aryan]]ism'' and has nothing to do with [[Nazi]]s, except those poor at spelling. It is named for '''Arius''', a Christian presbyter from Alexandria, [[Egypt]] who lived from c. 250 AD to 336.

Arianism was widely adopted among some Germanic tribes, but it went extinct following infighting among Christians as the Western Roman Empire fell apart. There was a conflict centering over the letter "i" in the Greek word "homoios".

==Arian Christology==
Arianism considers Jesus distinct from [[God]] the Father, having been created by him, but nonetheless describes him as Lord or Master, while denying that he can know the Father fully. The Arian viewpoint on the [[Holy Spirit]] is that it is a "sanctifying power," subordinate even to the Son. They point to such scriptures as {{Bible|1 Corinthians|8|5|6}} and {{Bible|John|1|18}} in support of their claim that Jesus is distinct from the Father, and {{Bible|Colossians|1|13|15}} and {{Bible|Revelation|3|14}} in support of their claim that he was created by God.

They contrast with the mainstream Christian belief that the Father and Son are "''homoousion''", i.e. of the same substance (from the Greek for same substance or essence), as used in the Nicene Creed. Arians held various opinions on what Jesus was made of: homoiousians believed that the two were of similar but not identical substance; homoeans believed they were similar but not of the same substance or essence; and heteroousians held that they were different in substance or attributes. The last included anomoeanism, the belief that Jesus's nature was neither the same nor similar to God's, a belief held by Aëtius "the atheist" of Antioch and others.<ref>{{wpa|Homoousion}}</ref><ref>{{wpa|Aëtius of Antioch}}</ref>

It's not clear what difference this made in practice, but there's very little idea of what Arians believed. The theoretical questions were things like, did Jesus always exist or did he appear/get created at some point (the latter is Arian); and was Jesus equal to God (because made of the same stuff) or subordinate. None of this impinges on actual moral or ethical questions.

==History==
[[File:Nikea-arius.png|thumb|left|Arius taking a snooze beneath Emperor Constantine and the bishops (doubtless this council dragged on and on)]]
Arianism is very fourth-century, and the [[Council of Nicaea]] (325 CE) [[Heretic |threw it out]] as a belief system.<ref>http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.vii.iii.html</ref> Arius himself was exonerated in 335, and his teachings enjoyed the support of the next two [[Roman Empire| emperors]]. Finally, the First Council of Constantinople in 381 anathematised Arius again  (posthumously).<ref>http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.ix.viii.i.html</ref> Despite all the Orthodox condemnation floating about, Arian teachings have resurfaced occasionally since then, including among Germanic tribes (notably the Goths) in the early [[Medieval]] period, and recently in the Yorkshire-based Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church of Arian Catholicism.<ref>
[http://www.arian-catholic.org/ Complete with green ink!]
</ref>

Notably, the Gothic language is better attested than many barbarian languages because it was kept alive in the Visigothic Kingdom of Spain for religious purposes.

[[Jehovah's Witness]]es, though sometimes characterised as modern-day Arians, only describe the Son as having been created by the Father - they do not share the remainder of Arius's beliefs.  [[Mormonism]] can also count as Arian, as it views Yahweh and Jesus as distinct entities.

==See also==
*[[Trinity]]
*[[Christology]]
*[[Isaac Newton]] &mdash; a latter-day Arian

==References==
{{reflist}}

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[[Category:Christian denominations]]

Categories: Christian denominations