trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Monism

{{philosophy}}
'''Monism''' is the school of thought that all existence is universally one thing, which is "that which exists". Sounds [[Circular reasoning|circular]], but [[philosophy]] at its "Philosophy for Idiots" level often does.

There are three views of existence. Monism: all things that exist are of one substance. [[Dualism]]: All things that exist are of two substances. Pluralism: there are many substances.

==Philosophers==
Perhaps the most famous advocate of monism is [[Baruch Spinoza]]. Spinoza, a [[Pantheism|pantheist]], believed that all things are [[god]], and that when we look at nature and study nature, we are actually seeing god itself. God is not a transcendent substance, but is understood as all that is created and existent.

[[Leibniz]] had a slightly more complicated take, claiming that the universe is composed of a great number of individual "bits" called monads (e.g. people, animals, and even smaller parts of the above), but that all monads are part of a single greater whole which is [[God]].

==In religion==
From a religious perspective, monism is often a crucial part of [[pantheism]] and panentheism: since all things are god, means all things are ultimately the same (pantheism)... and if all things contain god, then they are made of the same substance (pantheism).

Most mystical religions or mystical aspects of religion are monistic. Writers frequently speak of "being one with all things", and finding the moment when "the links between individual entities breaks down".

[[Hinduism]], in the Rig Vedas, speaks of God creating the world out of his own existence, and being himself in its existence.<ref>Chapter 10, V. 121</ref><br/>
Philosophical Buddhism states that the truest existence is "non existence", becoming one with all things, as part of the universe. It is often described as letting your body, mind, and soul separate into the very matter that composes it, and letting that matter disperse into all things. Slowly, as the matter disperses, one becomes part of each tree, each cloud, each wave of water.<ref>[http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/jai/jai12.htm Internet Sacred Text Archive: The Higher Buddhism]</ref> Allegedly, of course.

[[Christianity]] has seen writers like St. John of the Cross who describe moments of becoming one with all of existence and being part of God's Soul.<ref>[http://www.onelittleangel.com/wisdom/quotes/saint.asp?mc=177 One Little Angel: Saint John of the Cross: history, poems & quotes]</ref>

Even [[science]] could be said to be monistic, in that all of the universe is created of atoms and smaller particles, and that in a very real way, the individual elements and atoms which make up your body this moment are being replaced with other atoms and other elements.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Religion]]
[[Category:Philosophy]]
[[Category:Pantheism]]

Categories: Religion, Philosophy, Pantheism
Monkey

[[File:Macaque.jpg|thumb|Here's looking at you, kid.]]
{{fork}}
*[[Dubya|The first monkey president]]
*[[Do you want to be descended from a monkey?]]
*[[Ecoterrorism]], a.k.a., "monkeywrenching"
*[[How come there are still monkeys?]]
*[[Monkeysphere]], the premise that people tend to dehumanize those outside of their particular "Monkeysphere"
*[[Monkey typewriter theory]]
*[[Primate]]s{{efn|More specifically, the {{wpl|simian|simians}}}}
*[[The Monkey Man of Delhi]]
*The [[Scopes trial]] (the "monkey trial")
*"Return to monke," a [[meme]] present in [[anarcho-primitivism|anarcho-primitivist]] groups

*[[Ape]]s (which are not monkeys{{efn|Colloquially speaking; cladistically speaking, they are, as are [[human]]s}})

[[Category:Animals]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

Categories: Animals
Monolatrism

{{religion}}
'''Monolatrism''' or '''monolatry''' is a form of [[monotheism]]<ref name=MacDonald>Nathan MacDonald, ''Deuteronomy and the Meaning of "Monotheism"'' (2012), pp. 53-54, Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck (2nd and Revised edition), ISBN 978-3-16-151680-1.</ref> which places exclusive devotion on one 
latrine
 God alone, with [[Religious pluralism|recognition of the existence of other Gods]], worshipped by other people.<ref name=MacDonald /> Monolatry is confused with [[henotheism]] sometimes, but they are different concepts of religious belief.<ref name=MacDonald /> 

==Examples==
*[[Judaism]] was originally  a monolatry, but El (who later merged with Yahweh) and [[Asherah]] (the consort of El and later of Yahweh) disappeared from the pantheon, leaving only [[Yahweh]]; though there are numerous remnants of this belief remaining in the Bible (such as God referring to himself as "Elohim", which is the plural form),<ref group="note">This was written long before the concept of the "royal we" was invented</ref> this is a highly disputed claim.{{who}}<ref group="note">[[RationalWiki:Annotated_Bible/Psalm#Psalm_82:1|Psalm 82]] is a dead giveaway.</ref>

*[[Mormonism]] is also monolatrist, as though they see only one god as worthy of praise in this universe, they also recognize the existence of other gods in different universes.
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{stub|religion}}
[[Category:Paradigms of religion]]

Categories: Paradigms of religion
Monopsony

[[File:Monopsony-static-partial-equilibrium.svg|165px|thumb|Simple explanation; as employment increases, the wages for all workers slightly rises as well. A profit maximizing monopsony would only hire until the Marginal Cost (the increase in cost per new employee) equals the Marginal Revenue Product (the extra revenue generated from an additional employee), which is fewer employees than under a more competitive market.]]
{{economics}}
'''Monopsony''' is a situation in which there is only one buyer for a good or service in a market.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/monopsony Monopsony]. ''Encyclopedia Brittanica''.</ref> 

==Theory==
A monopsony is not unlike a monopoly. Whereas a monopoly is the sole supplier, the monopsony is the sole buyer. The idea originated with economist Joan Robinson in her book ''The Economics of Imperfect Competition'' published in 1933. In the [[real world]], there are few good examples of pure monopsonists, though they are often associated with company towns. Monopsonists have large amounts of market power and sellers have to accept whatever price they offer.

==Minimum wage analysis==
In theory a monopsony complicates more simplistic [[Supply curve|supply]] and [[Demand curve|demand]] models of [[minimum wage]] that simply suggest they cause unemployment. Because the firm can increase profits by not employing local workers it is reducing wages and output. Increasing the minimum wage encourages more people to work for it and boosts total output.<ref>[https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Business_economics/Monopsony.html Monopsony] ''Economics Online''.</ref>

There's a rather simple flaw in the model, of course. A real monopsony could artificially segment the workforce, in order to pay some workers more than others, keeping the marginal cost of new workers low. The single employer wouldn't necessarily need to give every worker a raise as new employees are hired, so long as the firm could make up a convincing story about why two equivalent jobs should pay different amounts, e.g., "We are opening a new janitorial position that pays more than your job, but your experience won't let you apply because you lack of BS in Custodial Studies". Under this scenario, employment would return to the equilibrium rate, although the monopsony would of course be exploiting their workforce.

==See also==
*[[Monopoly]]
*[[Minimum wage]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:economics]]

Categories: economics
Monster

{{fork}}
*[[:Category:Cryptozoology]]
**[[Bigfoot]]
**[[Bunyip]]
**[[Chupacabra]]
**[[Cryptid]]
**[[Cryptozoology]]
**[[Dragon]]
**[[Jersey Devil]]
**[[Leviathan]]
**[[Loch Ness Monster]]
**[[Loveland frog]]
**[[Mokele-mbembe]]
**[[Mothman]]
**[[Nephilim]]
**[[Sea serpent]]
**[[Spring Heeled Jack]]
**[[Troll]]
**[[Vampire]]
**[[Yeti]]
**[[Zombies]]
*[[Dungeons & Dragons]]
*[[Fun:Flying Spaghetti Monster]]
*[[Lycanthropy]]
*[[Pokémon|Pocket Monsters]]
*[[Rob Monster]] — ''nomen est omen''
*[[Official Monster Raving Loony Party]]
Moody Institute of Science

{{crenav}}
The '''Moody Institute of Science''' (MIS) was a production company for pro-[[creationism]] and [[anti-science]] media, spun off from the [[fundamentalist]] [[Moody Bible Institute]]. MIS's leader and film director was [[pastor]] Irwin A. Moon (1907-1986).<ref name=obit>[http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1986-05-24/news/8602070324_1_rev-moon-educational-films-moody-bible-institute Rev. Irwin Moon, 78, Science Film Producer] by Kenan Heise (May 24, 1986) ''Chicago Tribune''.</ref><ref name=orgeron>[https://muse.jhu.edu/article/219752 "Something Different in Science Films": The Moody Institute of Science and the Canned Missionary Movement] by Marsha Orgeron & Skip Elsheimer. ''The Moving Image'' Volume 7, Number 1, Spring 2007, pp. 1-26 | 10.1353/mov.2007.0025.</ref> Its successor was Discovery Media, which now appears to be defunct. MIS produced films from 1938 to roughly 1972.

Moody was also responsible for bringing an appreciation of [[science]] to the [[fundamentalist Christian]] community; prior to the films, it had been widely believed among fundamentalists that science led "directly to [[atheism]]".<ref name=obit/> 

They produced a lot of quite mainstream science films that they [[Separation of church and state|infiltrated]] into [[public school]] classrooms and the US military<ref name=reid>[https://www.academia.edu/28209657/The_Moody_Institute_of_Science_Irwin_Moon_and_Scientific-Evangelicalism_in_the_US_Military.pdf The Moody Institute of Science, Irwin Moon and ‘Scientific-Evangelicalism’ in the US Military] by Samuel Reid</ref> &mdash; always taking time to say that [[Goddidit|God was responsible]]. MIS's infiltration in the opposite direction, fundamental Christianity infiltrated by science, can be viewed as the precursor to [[intelligent design]].<ref name=reid/>

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwQY8D8NXJNOuHXn3-3DBI_hF11BbjaTs Moody Institute of Science] &mdash; a collection of the films on [[YouTube]]
*[http://oddballfilms.blogspot.com/2012/12/psycho-science-from-moody-institute.html Oddball Films: Psycho Science from the Moody Institute - Thurs. Jan. 3<sup>rd</sup> - 8PM] &mdash; a mini film festival of Moody films from 2012
*[https://www.moody.edu/ Moody Bible Institute]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|Creationism}}
{{crebox}}


[[Category:Creationism]]
[[Category:Intelligent design creationism]]
[[Category:Media]]
[[Category:Misnomers]]

Categories: Creationism, Intelligent design creationism, Media, Misnomers
Moore

{{fork}}
* [[Moore's Law]], the observation that the number of transistors that can be placed on an integrated circuit grows exponentially, first formulated by Intel co-founder Gordon E. Moore
* Charles Moore, former editor of ''[[The Spectator]]''
* Graham Moore, leader of the [[English Constitution Party]]
* [[Jimmy Moore]], [[low-carb high-fat]] fanatic and convicted [[pedophilia|pedophile]]
* [[Michael Moore]], liberal documentarian
* [[Patrick Moore]], [[England|English]] [[astronomy|astronomer]]
* The ''other'' [[Patrick Moore (Greenpeace)|Patrick Moore]], [[Greenpeace]] founder turned critic
* [[Roy Moore]], former chief justice of the [[Alabama]] Supreme Court and failed Senate candidate
MoveOn.org

[[File:MoveOn new logo.svg|thumb|165px|MoveOn logo]]
{{uspolitics}}
'''MoveOn.org''' is an [[United States|American]] website and [[political action group]].  It was originally founded to oppose the impeachment proceedings against President [[William Jefferson Clinton]] by [[United States House of Representatives|House]] [[Republicans]] (led by [[Newt Gingrich]]) in 1998<ref>The name of the original petition was called "Censure President Clinton and '''Move On''' to Pressing Issues Facing the Nation."  My, how times have 
changed
 [[Birtherism|stayed the same]].</ref>.  The irony of the organization being originally founded to get us to move on from Clinton's improprieties now constantly reminding people of those improprieties every time they see its name seems to be lost on them. The organization is a strong supporter of the US [[Democratic Party]] and is [[liberal]] in its politics, and is widely disliked by the American right who think they are raving partisan leftists.  

MoveOn.org has been criticized for adopting the same platform as then-Presidential candidate [[Barack Obama]]{{fact}}.  Their response is that their platform hasn't changed; Barack Obama is listening to ''them''.

==External links==
*[http://www.moveon.org MoveOn.org website]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|politics}}

[[Category:Political action groups]]
[[Category:United States politics]]
[[Category:Websites]]
[[Category:Left-wing activists]]

Categories: Political action groups, United States politics, Websites, Left-wing activists
Move to Amend

{{uspolitics}}
'''Move to Amend''' is a reaction to the 2010 ''[[Citizens United]]'' decision by the [[SCOTUS|U.S. Supreme Court]], proposing a constitutional amendment that would limit constitutional rights to only individuals acting independently. [[Corporation]]s, civic organizations, clubs, churches, etc. would not be able to assert these rights. This would allow the [[government]] to not merely regulate campaign contributions, but to ban any speech, such as cigarette advertising or indeed any unfavorable political commentary (newspapers and broadcasters all follow the corporate form), it does not like, search premises without warrants, [[eminent domain|seize private property without due process or compensation]], revoke corporate charters at will, and set different rules for different corporations — all based entirely on the whim of the government and which corporations happen to be in the government's good graces.<ref>These are not accusations made by opponents —  these are actual points presented by its supporters for why we should pass it.</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20110422005135/http://movetoamend.org/publications-talks/poclad-why-abolish-all-corporate-constitutional-rights POCLAD: Why Abolish All Corporate Constitutional Rights] 2 March 2011</ref> Political parties are also frequently organized as corporations. Just try to wrap your mind around what that would imply.

==References==
{{reflist}}
Mud flood

[[File:Stompwijkseweg_68-70,_Stompwijk,_Netherlands.JPG|thumb|right|165px|thumb|A building in the [[Netherlands]] subsiding because of inadequate foundations in muddy soil.]]
{{pseudohistory}}
The '''mud flood''' is a [[Bullshit|supposed]] global event that took place in the early 1800s which reset all of civilization.<ref>Ozman, Tim (2019). ''Mud Flood 101: A Primer on Mud Flood Theory''</ref><ref>Helene, Janine (2020). ''Heaven Bearers: The Great Reset of 1834 and the Mud Flood''</ref> It is a [[unified conspiracy theory]], being composed of a mishmash of [[Atlantis]], [[Masonic]] conspiracy theories, and the [[new chronology]]. It was first popularized in [[Russia]].<ref>Gorshenina, Svetlana (2019). ''[https://centralasiaprogram.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/svetlana-gorshenina.pdf Изобретение концепта Средней / Центральной Азии: между наукой и геополитикой]'' (pp. 94, 462–463)</ref>

==Foundations==
Believers in the mud flood (''mudflooders'' or ''mudders''?) often use the fact that much of a building's foundations are underground as evidence for their assertion, believing that the foundations were once exposed. Thus, a flood of sediment had to occur for the foundation to be underground. In reality, sturdy foundations for structures are needed to keep the structure stable, and to prevent it from sinking into the ground or from getting destroyed by storms, floods, and earthquakes. However, they do almost have a point for ancient structures such as the Great Wall of China,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvpYyMxyYPo</ref> as they are actually buried beneath sediment, but not due to a mud flood. Sediment collects over time, being deposited by wind (see the {{wpl|Dust Bowl||),}} falling rocks, landslides, rivers, organisms dying and rotting down, humans littering the place, and human structures withering away. This can be best seen in [[Middle East]]ern {{wpl|Tell_(archaeology)|tells|,}} which are formed from human settlements lasting thousands of years. Some of them get over 30 meters tall!

Another reason structures may seem to 'sink' into the ground could be poor architectural planning, the changing architecture of the surrounding area (such as raising road heights), or structures having basements.

==Tartary==
This is where the inspiration from Anatoly Fomenko's [[new chronology]] is most obvious, especially his idea of the '[[Russian]] horde'. The civilization that the mud flood wiped out was the Tartary civilization, which spanned most of Eurasia.<ref>Lee, James W. (2020). ''The One World Tartarians (Black and White): The Greatest Civilization Ever Erased From History''</ref> In reality, such a civilization on such a scale never existed. Tartary was a blanket term used by [[Western world|western]] scholars for central and northern [[Asia]].<ref>https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4765</ref> For example, northern [[China]] (then part of the [[Qing dynasty]]) was called {{wpl|Chinese Tartary|"Chinese Tartary"|.}}

==See also==
*[[Global flood]]

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Conspiracy theories]]
[[Category:Geology]]

Categories: Conspiracy theories, Geology
Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru

{{UKpolitics}}
'''Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru''' (Movement for the Defence of Wales) was a [[Wales|Welsh]] [[Nationalist]] group that committed arson attacks in the early sixties.

The group's origins were in protests against the 1963 flooding of a Welsh village to create the Tryweryn reservoir to provide water for Liverpool.<ref name=book/><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/4789372.stm</ref> The group was reformed in 1967 by leader John Jenkins, this time protesting the investiture of the Prince of Wales with an organised bombing campaign.<ref name=book>http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qps14mSlghcC&lpg=PA441&ots=2j6MQ0GGXb&dq=%22Anti-Sais%20Front%22&pg=PA440#v=onepage&q&f=false
</ref>

The group planned to launch a bomb attack on the day of the investiture, 1 July 1969, apparently targeting the railway on which the royal train would be traveling. The plan went badly wrong and the bomb detonated at some council offices in Abergele, killing two men.<ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/investiture/pages/investiture-background.shtml</ref><ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/investiture/media/pages/investiture_july_1969_abergele_bomb_16x9.shtml</ref>  The victims, Alwyn Jones and George Taylor, were generally assumed to have been planting the bomb, although Taylor's daughter has argued that her father may have been trying to prevent the attack.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110815081729/http://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/north-wales-news/2009/01/14/dad-wasn-t-a-a-bomb-maker-says-north-wales-woman-55578-22686930/</ref>

The group also planted a bomb at Llandudno pier in an attempt to prevent Royal Yacht Britannia from docking, although it did not go off.<ref>http://youtu.be/pl7SQdsJ4So?t=4m40s</ref>

Jenkins was arrested in 1969 and the group was dissolved.<ref name=book/> Welsh nationalism would return for more arson in the 1980s with [[Wikipedia:Meibion Glyndŵr|Meibion Glyndŵr]] (sons of [[Wikipedia:Owain Glydŵr|Glyndŵr]]), who burned down English-owned holiday homes when the overflow of holiday homes affected house prices. Only one member of the latter group was ever caught and it has had a far more lasting effect than MAC.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Terrorist organisations]]

Categories: Terrorist organisations
Mullah Krekar

[[File:Mulla Krekar.jpg|thumb|left|165px|Mullah Krekar in 2011]]
{{Islam}}
'''Najmuddin Faraj Ahmad''', better known as '''Mullah Krekar''' {{lived|1956}}, is an [[Iraq|Iraqi]]-born [[Kurdistan|Kurdish]] [[Sunni]] cleric and the former head of [[Muslim]] [[terrorist]] group {{wpl|Ansar al-Islam}} (see [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]]).<ref>[https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/case-mullah-krekar "The case of Mullah Krekar," ''Stratfor Worldview'', Jun. 15, 2004.]</ref>

Krekar came to [[Norway]] with his family in 1991 as a quota refugee and has since been imprisoned for making threats against public officials. Although he was supposed to be extradited to Iraq, the order was suspended because the likelihood of [[torture]] is high there.

In July 2019, Krekar was sentenced to 12 years in prison by an [[Italy|Italian]] court for planning terror attacks. Italian prosecutors maintained Krekar led a terror group called {{wpl|Rawti Shax||,}} with ties to [[ISIS]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190814103520/https://www.vg.no/nyheter/utenriks/i/mReR8v/mulla-krekar-doemt-til-12-aars-fengsel-i-italia Mina Haugli, Jantra Hollum, and Ole Løkevik, «Mulla Krekar dømt til 12 års fengsel i Italia», ''Verdens Gang'', updated Jul. 15, 2019, as displayed Aug. 14, 2019.]</ref>

==External links==
*{{wpa|Mullah Krekar}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{stub|Islam}}
{{DEFAULTSORT: Krekar, Mullah}}
[[Category:Criminals]]
[[Category:Islam]]
[[Category:Islamic fundamentalism]]
[[Category:Islamic extremism]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Muslims]]
[[Category:Norway]]
[[Category:Terrorists]]

Categories: Criminals, Islam, Islamic fundamentalism, Islamic extremism, Living people, Muslims, Norway, Terrorists
Multiple sclerosis

[[File:Symptoms of multiple sclerosis.svg|thumb|right|165px|Symptoms of multiple sclerosis]]
'''Multiple sclerosis''' is a neurological disease. It is a condition in which the body's immune system attacks the myelin sheath (fatty white matter) that protects neurons and speeds up the conduction of electrical signals (action potentials). This results in interrupted functioning of the nerves, and in advanced cases, damage to the nerve itself. This may result in mobility problems and shortened lifespans — severely shortened in some cases.

The condition begins to show symptoms for people in the twenties to forties. It occurs more commonly in [[women]] and in people of Northern [[Europe]]an descent, and tends to run in families, but not all members will contract the disease. It seems [[genetics]] may result in a higher risk, with other factors triggering the condition. The mechanism of the disorder, though, is not known. There is no specific test for MS, and a [[diagnosis]] is made by ruling out other conditions. Lesions that can be detected by brain scans sometimes disappear and the disease will [[Spontaneous remission|spontaneously remit]], only to return later; the reason for this is not known either.

==Quack Treatments==
There is no cure for MS, treatment consisting mainly of dealing with symptoms as they arise. Because the symptoms and severity of attacks are so variable, it can be difficult to show if a particular treatment is having the desired effect, or if the disease is simply in remission. This has led to a number of bogus treatments. Dietary supplements, vitamins, oxygen therapy, and hyperbaric chambers (among other things) have all been tried and found to have no demonstrable impact on the disease. The [[Quackwatch]] website has a page on fake MS cures,<ref>[http://www.quackwatch.com/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/ms.html Be Wary of Multiple Sclerosis “Cures”] by Stephen Barrett (March 9, 2017) ''Quackwatch''.</ref> and the Multiple Sclerosis Society has a book available which shows the affect of various treatments on the disease.

Dr. Terry Wahls claims that MS can be controlled to some degree by diet.<ref>[http://www.terrywahls.com/ Terry Wahls' webpage]</ref> Note that her website displays the [[Quack Miranda Warning]].

==External links==
* [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/multiple-sclerosis/DS00188/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs Mayo Clinic]
* [http://www.nationalmssociety.org/about-multiple-sclerosis/do-i-have-ms/index.aspx National MS Society USA]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Disease]]

Categories: Disease