trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Jack Mormon

{{christianity}}
A '''Jack Mormon''' is somebody raised in [[Mormonism]] who still identifies with the Mormon culture to some extent, but not the belief system or the church.  They may attend services on occasion but not regularly, or they may not attend at all and hold [[agnosticism|agnostic]] beliefs.  Even those who remain in the church may not follow its teachings regarding such things as drinking [[alcohol]] and coffee.  So, you could think of "jack Mormon" as a Mormon who drinks {{wpl|Jack Daniel's|Jack}} (or [[Coffee|Joe]]).

== Jack Mormon culture==
A Jack Mormon culture consists of Jack Mormons who continue to identify with Mormonism because it is their heritage but do so on a joke religion basis in the same manner as religions like [[Discordianism]] and the [[Flying Spaghetti Monster]].  They know all the Mormon in-group slang, history, and customs and use them in ironic and humorous ways.  

In places like Salt Lake City, Park City, Price, and Moab, [[Utah]] where the population is significantly non-Mormon, Jack Mormonism also tends to thrive, with Jack Mormons and non-Mormons alike going out of their way to flaunt their [[sin]]fulness.

==Non practising Mormons==
The above is not true of all Jack Mormons, however.  Many are simply inactive in the church or "backslidden", and drink, [[cigarette smoking|smoke]], swear, smoke [[marijuana]], [[masturbation|masturbate]], and [[sex|fornicate]], and go to church maybe once a year on [[Christmas]].  During the 1970s and 80s when Mormon voting patterns shifted heavily toward the [[Republican Party]], the "Jack Mormon" accusation was often used for Mormons who voted [[Democratic Party|Democratic]].

==Committed Mormons who reject some beliefs==
There is a somewhat related phenomenon of dissident reformists and [[liberalism|liberals]] who remain active within the LDS church and continue to believe in its religious beliefs, but seek to change the church's position on [[gay rights]], [[birth control]], [[abortion]], [[environmentalism]], or [[feminism]]. Technically not Jack Mormons, they are accused of such anyway, and the LDS church quietly tries to tolerate the quieter ones and frequently [[Excommunication|disfellowships or excommunicates]] the more active ones.

==Molly Mormon==
A "Molly Mormon" should not be confused with being the female version of the "Jack Mormon", as the "Molly Mormon" is normally very active in her ward, sincere in her beliefs, and deep in her [[indoctrination]].

==See also==
*[[Cafeteria Christian]]


[[Category:Mormonism]]
[[Category:Religious terms]]

Categories: Mormonism, Religious terms
Jack Straw

[[File:Jack_Straw.jpg|thumb|165px|Jack Straw]]{{UKpolitics}}
'''Jack Straw''' {{lived|1946|}} is a former [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Labour Party|Labour]] MP. In his time in Parliament he served as Home Secretary, Foreign Secretary and Justice Secretary. 

==Politics==
He objects rather strongly to being called a "Trot."<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/letters/bbc-fights-for-the-arts-celebrity-help-for-starving-people-and-others-533363.html The Independent: BBC fights for the arts, Celebrity help for starving people and others] 16 November 2004</ref>

===Iraq War===
He backed the [[Iraq War|invasion of Iraq]], calling it the "most difficult decision" of his career and admitting that he found the aims of the intervention to be "improper and unlawful."<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8471511.stm BBC News: Straw says Iraq 'most difficult decision' in his life] 21 January 2010</ref>

===Criticism of Islam===
He is critical of [[Muslim]] women wearing the veil, calling it a "visible statement of separation and of difference" and asking "[w]ould those people who do wear the veil think about the implications for community relations?"<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/5410472.stm BBC News: Straw's veil comments spark anger] 5 October 2006</ref>

He caused further controversy when, following twentysomething males Mohammed Liaqat and Abid Saddique being found guilty of rape, he appeared on the BBC programme ''Newsnight'' and alleged that Britain's Pakistani community has a [[rape]] problem, particularly with young white girls.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-derbyshire-12141603 BBC News: Jack Straw - Some white girls are 'easy meat' for abuse] 8 January 2011</ref>

{{cquote|Pakistanis, let's be clear, are not the only people who commit sexual offences, and overwhelmingly the sex offenders' wings of prisons are full of white sex offenders. But there is a specific problem which involves Pakistani heritage men, of some age as well, who target vulnerable young white girls. We need to get the Pakistani community to think much more clearly about why this is going on and to be more open about the problems that are leading to a number of Pakistani heritage men thinking it is OK to target white girls in this way. These young men are in a western society, in any event, they act like any other young men, they're fizzing and popping with testosterone, they want some outlet for that, but Pakistani heritage girls are off-limits and they are expected to marry a Pakistani girl from Pakistan, typically. So they then seek other avenues and they see these young women, white girls who are vulnerable, some of them in care... who they think are [[Frank Zappa|easy meat]].}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Former Members of Parliament (UK)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Straw, Jack}}

Categories: British people, Former Members of Parliament (UK), Living people
Jack White

{{hatnote|If you're looking for the musician {{wpl|Jack_White_(musician)|Jack White}}, then why are you on Rationalwiki?}}{{conspiracynav|1}}
'''Jack White''' (1927-2012<ref name="randi-obit">https://internationalskeptics.com/forums/threads/jack-white-photo-analyst-dead-at-85.238267/</ref>) was a self-proclaimed expert in photographic analysis with a [[conspiracy theory|conspiratorial bent]]. Based on his "analysis" of some photographs, he came to believe in some [[JFK assassination conspiracies]] and testified to that effect in front of the {{wpl|United States House Select Committee on Assassinations|House Select Committee on Assassinations}} in the 1970s. The Committee was not impressed by his arguments. Later, he became one of the less famous proponents of the [[Moon landing conspiracy theories]]. The people who knew shit about the Apollo program were not impressed by his arguments, either. Most of his Moon hoax material can be found on [http://www.aulis.com/ Aulis Online], and in his later years, he hung out on [http://educationforum.ipbhost.com The Education Forum].

==External links==
*Clavius.org contains some commentary and rebuttals of Jack White's Moon landing claims:
**[http://www.clavius.org/jackwhite.html Jack White] (also has a transcript of White's hearing by the House Select Committee)
**[http://www.clavius.org/bigmt.html Photo Analysis - Big Mountains], an example of what happens when White's "photo analysis" is analyzed.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050403101329/http://www.aulis.com/jackstudies_index1.html Jack White's Apollo Studies – Index 1], AULIS Online

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:White, Jack}}
{{stub|Conspiracy theorists}}
Jamaica

:''"My wife's visiting the Caribbean."''
:''"Jamaica?"'' 
:''"No, she went of her own accord."''

{{countrybox|Jamaica
|flag = Flag_of_Jamaica.svg
|pop =2,730,000
|GDP =13,737
|GDPPC = 5,055
|life =72.6
|dev =0.688
|dem =7.21
|cor =3.3
|edu =0.834
|rel =70
}}

'''Jamaica''' is a small island [[nation]] in the [[Caribbean]]. Along with 15 other [[nation|countries]], its [[Charles III|head of state]] lives in a large palace in [[England]]. Jamaica is the birthplace of the [[Rastafari]] movement, a [[religion]] which posits that Haile Selassie of Ethiopia is [[God]] (or "Jah") and that enlightenment is achieved through smoking lots and lots of [[marijuana|pot]]. It's also known for its {{wpl|Usain Bolt|really}} {{wpl|Asafa Powell|really}} {{wpl|Yohan Blake|fast sprinters}}, {{wpl|Michael Holding|fast bowlers}}, {{wpl|Bob Marley|excellent musicians}}, and {{wpl|Cool Runnings|bobsled team}}.

==Homophobia==
Unfortunately, it is also ranked consistently as one of the most [[homophobia|homophobic]] countries in the world.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jun/06/jamaica-music-anti-gay-dancehall-homophobia</ref> Male homosexual activity is illegal with a penalty of up to ten years in prison, and to make matters worse, the country has a serious problem with violent attacks on [[homosexuality|gay]] and [[transgender]] people. Examples include the murders of Oshane Gordon, a 16-year-old who was stabbed to death in his home in 2011, and Dwayne Jones, a 16-year-old trans woman who was killed in 2013, reportedly during a party in which somebody recognised her as being transgender.<ref>http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/07/23/jamaica-17-year-old-chopped-and-stabbed-to-death-in-homophobic-attack/</ref><ref>http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/08/12/murdered-jamaican-trans-teenager-dwayne-jones-suffered-bullying-from-father-and-at-school/</ref> On the bright side, Jamaicans like {{wpl|Maurice Tomlinson|Maurice Tomlinson}}<ref>http://dadlandshutup.com/i-failed-oshane-gordon-i-will-not-fail-dwayne-jones/</ref> and former Prime Minister {{wpl|Portia Simpson-Miller|Portia Simpson-Miller}} have thankfully spoken out in favor of [[queer]] rights in Jamaica; Tomlinson's rallying cry is "no more Oshanes or Dwaynes."

==See also==
*[[Stop Murder Music]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{nationbox}}

{{stub|geography}}
[[Category:North American countries]]

Categories: North American countries
James A. Shapiro

{{Evolution}}
'''James Alan Shapiro''' {{lived|1943}} is an [[American]] [[biologist]], an expert in bacterial [[genetics]] as well as a professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Chicago.<ref>[http://shapiro.bsd.uchicago.edu/ James A. Shapiro]</ref> He has become well known for his [[Non-Darwinian evolution#Shapiro and non-Darwinian mechanisms|controversial views]] on the mechanisms of [[evolution]].

==Biography==

He earned a doctorate in [[genetics]] from Corpus Christi College, Cambridge in 1968 and did postdoctoral research with Jon Beckwith at the Harvard Medical School. Since 1973, he has worked a professor of microbiology at the University of Chicago.

While he was working with Beckwith at Harvard, Shapiro was part of the first team to isolate a single [[gene]] from an [[organism]].<ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B0CE5D91238EF3BBC4B51DFB7678382679EDE</ref>

==Evolution==

Shapiro is an advocate of [[non-Darwinian evolution]] and is a critic of the [[modern synthesis]]. He has published primary scientific literature on evolution since the early 90s however his views on evolution became well known to wider audiences due his popular book published in 2011 titled ''Evolution: A View from the 21st Century''.

Natural genetic engineering (NGE) is a process described by Shapiro to account for novelty created in the process of biological evolution, there has been a large controversy over this process as [[intelligent design]] advocates have misunderstood the process and spammed the idea onto hundreds of websites and forums claiming it has refuted evolution. Despite the [[quote mining]] and misrepresentation of the ID advocates Shapiro does not reject [[evolution]], is not an intelligent design advocate and has openly criticised and rejected intelligent design.
==Publications==
*''Evolution: A View from the 21st Century'' (FT Press Science, 2011 ISBN 0132780933)
==See also==
*[[Eugene Koonin]]

==References==
{{reflist}} 

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shapiro, James A.}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Biologists]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Categories: Authors, Biologists, Living people
James Flynn

{{Psychology}}
'''James Flynn''' {{lived|1934|2020}}<ref>Daisy Hudson, [https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/otago-academic-giant-jim-flynn-dies Otago academic 'giant' Jim Flynn dies]. Otago Daily Times, 12 December 2020.</ref> was a psychologist and prominent [[intelligence]] researcher known mainly for discovering the "Flynn effect", which is named after him. This effect refers to the large, long-term increase in average [[IQ]] test scores around the world in recent decades. This clearly points to a major role for environmental factors on IQ scores, since there's no way genetic factors could lead to such a rapid change. He suggested that modern society has led to people looking at the world differently, through "scientific spectacles", and that this is a major reason that IQ scores have been rising in recent decades.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/04/education/edlife/james-r-flynn-on-rising-iqs.html I.Q. Rising], ''The New York Times'', November 4, 2012</ref> He has also made it clear that he considers racial differences in mean IQ not to be genetically fixed.<ref>[https://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode/3ca0e56c-ff42-bcda-8a2b8b9667b526c1/ Race, IQ and Flynn], ''Scientific American'', January 3, 2008</ref> Notably, however, his views on IQ and race were more nuanced than simply emphasizing the role of environmental influences: he sparked some controversy for claiming in a 2016 book, ''Does Your Family Make You Smarter?'', that African Americans "come from a cognitively restricted subculture".<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/education/2016/sep/27/james-flynn-race-iq-myths-does-your-family-make-you-smarter Beyond the Flynn effect: new myths about race, family and IQ?], ''the Guardian'', Peter Wilby, September 27, 2016</ref> He was an emeritus professor of [[psychology]] at the University of Otago in [[New Zealand]].<ref>[https://www.otago.ac.nz/psychology/staff/jamesflynn.html Emeritus Professor James Flynn]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{stub|psychology}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Flynn, James}}
[[Category:New Zealanders]]
[[Category:Psychologists]]

Categories: New Zealanders, Psychologists
James Hydrick

{{expand}}{{Psychic|1}}
'''James Allen Hydrick''' or "The Master Blower" (not sexually) (born February 28, 1959) is an American fraudulent [[psychic]] and a convicted [[Child sexual abuse|child molester]]. He claimed to have [[Psychokinesis|telekinetic]] abilities. He was particularly known for 
blowing
 moving a pencil from one end of the table to another, and also lifting a page in a phone book by 
blowing, I mean... uh
 [[Psychokinesis|woo-woo]]
<ref>Regal, Brian (2009). Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia. Greenwood. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-313-35507-3</ref> Later, Hydrick confessed that he wanted to see how dumb people could actually get.<ref>Baker, Robert; Nickell, Joe (1992). Missing Pieces: How To Investigate Ghosts, UFOs, Psychics, & Other Mysteries. Prometheus Books. p. 80. ISBN 0-87975-729-9</ref>

==Debunked by Randi==
Notable skeptic [[James Randi]] offered to pay him $10,000 if he could demonstrate his phone book page lifting under certain controls. Hydrick showed up in ridiculous apparel. After 
bitching
 complaining about some static electricity hindering him, he failed (as usual).<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QlfMsZwr8rc</ref> 

==Psych-opath==
In 1989, Hydrick was sentenced to 17 years for molesting five boys in Huntington Beach, [[California]].<ref>Johnson, Ted (August 19, 1989). "Man Receives 17 Years for Molesting 5 Boys". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-10-10.</ref> Presently he continues to blow minds at the Coalinga State Hospital.<ref>[http://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/crime/article39446325.html Jury deadlocked on whether to free purported psychic from custody] by Patrick S. Pemberton (June 06, 2013 7:48 AM) ''San Luis Obispo Tribune''.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2|90%}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hydrick, James}}
[[Category:Living people]]
{{stub|parapsychology}}

Categories: Living people
James Le Fanu

{{pseudosciencenav}}
'''James Le Fanu''' {{lived|1950|}} is a [[United Kingdom|British]] retired physician and medical journalist known for his criticism of [[evolution]] and science and his support for [[vitalism]].

==Claims==
In his book ''The Rise and Fall of Modern Medicine'', Le Fanu criticised modern medicine and sciences for focusing on [[genetics]], which Le Fanu claims is wrong as in his opinion [[gene]]s have nothing to do with disease and little to do with biology. In the book, Le Fanu also attacks evolution and quotes [[Michael Denton]], an [[intelligent design]] proponent, amoung others, in an attempt to prove that evolution is limited and fails to explain the mysteries of biology.<ref>[http://www.cs.uwaterloo.ca/~shallit/lefanu.html Book Review: "The Rise and Fall of Modern Medicine" ]</ref> Le Fanu says he is not a creationist, but proposes that science is limited only to the material and that a non-physical cosmic force exists which explains consciousness, which science has not yet explored.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100117015032/https://www.popularscience.co.uk/reviews/rev498.htm Popular Science Book Review (from Wayback Machine)]</ref>

In Le Fanu's next book ''Why Us?: How Science Rediscovered the Mystery of Ourselves'', he writes that [[Darwin]]'s theory of evolution is a [[materialist]]ic theory that fails to explain consciousness and the experience of the human being. Instead of supporting creationism, Le Fanu further advocates vitalism; the belief that an immaterial "life force" is directing evolution and life, and supports other fringe thinkers in defence of his [[worldview]]. He also spends many pages attacking genetics and the gene-centric view of evolution. The main claim of Le Fanu is that [[materialism]] cannot explain consciousness.<ref>[http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16544-review-why-us-by-james-le-fanu.html New Scientist Review]</ref>

==Criticism== 
Critics have pointed out that Le Fanu has used many arguments similar to creationists and that his immaterial force is little different from the [[God of the gaps]] argument.<ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:8OwZcb8O9DsJ:reports.ncse.com/index.php/rncse/article/download/82/74+james+le+fanu+creationism&hl=en&gl=uk&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgxAi2U-O_IIXioUcErWb1EggoUCtv2jUxwrRiiIZDuIKdf169j3nKde7cwMq4BjendCZrALBKx_eXeIpeFP2Qq-A0m5HD7DtIqfarLSwCvwG1SsaQGwy18l9cjwwjaQFEgjaPT&sig=AHIEtbQaW_axDvtJj0yxKPwjsMAwCXH4mw Book Review by Jeffrey Shallit]</ref>{{Dead link}}

==See also==
*[[Richard Milton]] 

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lefanu, James}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Creationists]]
[[Category:Journalists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Physicians]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience promoters]]

Categories: Authors, British people, Creationists, Journalists, Living people, Physicians, Pseudoscience promoters
James Nienhuis

{{crenav|1}}
'''James I. Nienhuis''' is a [[young earth creationism|young earth creationist]] [[author]] and blogger.  As well as taking the [[Bible]] [[biblical literalism|literally]], he also takes [[Plato]]'s description of [[Atlantis]] in ''Timaeus'' and ''Critias'' literally—so long as it does not contradict the Bible, saying the [[Ice age]] actually ended circa 1500 [[Common Era|BCE]].

The most notable feature of his blogging is the article titles, which are typically about half the number of words in the articles themselves (possibly an attempt at [[search engine optimization]]).  The blog postings usually revolve around a few topics: [[Darwinism|Darwinists]] deny that the cubit "was determined by the slow wobble rate of the earth’s axis, at 72 years/degree"; that the last ice age only ended at 1,500 BC, and the world was warmer then (disproving [[global warming]]); and that every [[God]] outside of the [[Judeo-Christian]] [[mythology]] is a descendant of [[Noah]].

Occasionally he will blog about [[politics]], which is even more scary, usually taking the talking points straight off [[WorldNetDaily|WorldNutDaily]].<ref>Blog post from  April 21st, 2010: [http://dancingfromgenesis.wordpress.com/2010/04/21/birther-bill-state-legislation-arizona-barack-obama-presidential-candidates-must-produce-long-form-birth-certificate-problem-barack-hussein-obama-paternity-issue-possible-real-father-question-racist-r/ ''Birther Bill State Legislation Arizona Barack Obama Presidential Candidates Must Produce Long Form Birth Certificate Problem Barack Hussein Obama Paternity Issue Possible Real Father Question Racist Radical Poet Chicago Communist Progressive Frank Marshall Davis Barack Obama Reelection Hurdles Decisions 2012 Presidential Election Mill Stone'']</ref>

==External links==
*[http://dancingfromgenesis.wordpress.com/ ''Dancing from Genesis''], his blog (not updated since 2012)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|creationism}}
{{crebox|1}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nienhuis, James I.}}
[[Category:Bloggers]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Categories: Bloggers, Living people
James Van Praagh

{{Psychic}}
'''James Van Praagh''' {{lived|23 August 1958}} claims to be able to talk to the dead. He's a producer of ''[[Ghost Whisperer]]'', which he claims is based on real-life events (i.e. ''his'' life). Like all [[medium|mediums]], he's full of shit.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=b_1TtZ1tNww Miklos Jako made this video to show how wrong Praagh is in a "reading"]</ref>

A journalist who was present during a show saw van Praagh talk to people during the warm-up, and use that same information later during the show. He still got it so wrong that it was "almost comical", but the televised episode was heavily edited so it looked much "better". Audience members also have to sign a gigantic release form which (among other things) forbids them from talking to the media about what they saw during the show.<ref>''Penn & Teller: Bullshit'', episode 1.01, ''Talking to the dead'', starting at about 14:00</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|parapsychology}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Van Praagh, James}}
[[Category:Psychics]]
[[Category:LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Entertainers]]

Categories: Psychics, LGBTQ people, Living people, Entertainers