Methodism

[[File:Logo of the United Methodist Church.svg|thumb|right|165px|Logo of the United Methodist Church.]]
{{christianity}}

{{cquote|Methodism is a rejection of [[Calvinism]].|||Reverend Karen Stroup, 'King Of The Hill.'}}

'''Methodism''' is a name for several [[Protestant]] denominations and independent churches that emerged in [[England]] in the 18th century. The first Methodists, of whom John Wesley is the best known, split from the [[Church of England]] in protest against what they saw as apathy on the Anglicans' part.

There are two main Methodist movements: the Wesleyan Methodists, who follow the Arminian view of [[free will]], and the Calvinist Methodists, who, as the name implies, follow [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] traditions. Hugh Bourne, in the early 19<sup>th</sup> century, split from the Wesleyan Methodists to form the Primitive Methodism movement. In a trend that would later influence mainstream Methodism, Primitives encouraged both women and the uneducated to play a larger role as [[evangelist]]s, seeing value in their views and opinions.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/subdivisions/methodist_1.shtml The Methodist Church]</ref>

There are somewhere between three and four hundred thousand Methodists in the [[United Kingdom]], and about 70 million worldwide.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/subdivisions/methodist_1.shtml The Methodist Church]</ref>

==Social work==
Methodism has a strong sense of [[charity]] and helping the less fortunate. Traditionally, Methodists have been involved in emancipating and educating [[poor]] people. Many of their missionaries in the developing world combine proselytization with humanitarian and development work, such as famine relief, clean [[water]], agricultural improvement, and better [[education]].<ref>[http://gbgm-umc.org/umcor/hunger.stm UMCOR World Hunger/Poverty]</ref> From the very early days, the Methodists focused on the under-served sections of society, specifically those working hard manual labor, those serving time in prisons, and those unable to fit within mainstream society. Methodists were also instrumental in [[Abolition]]ist movements, both in the United Kingdom and [[United States]]. In the United States, the early Methodist movements spent a great deal of time trying to convert people, both freemen and [[slaves]]. Historically, the Methodist church was linked strongly with [[Christian socialism]] in Britain (whereas the Church of England was sometimes called "the [[Tory]] party at [[prayer]]"); like many related things, this perception was altered somewhat by public awareness of [[Margaret Thatcher]]'s Methodist background.

==United Methodist Church's political and social positions==
Like many Protestant denominations in the US, the United Methodist Church (the largest Methodist denomination and third largest Christian denomination in the United States)<ref>http://www.infoplease.com/world/religion/largest-us-churches.html</ref> has been struggling with a potential [[schism]], as a battle brews between more liberal Methodists and more conservative 'traditional' Methodists. [[Gay rights]] has been perhaps the single biggest issue at the General Conference each year for the last 10 years. In 2009, UMC affiliated ex-gay group Transforming Congregations and OneByOne of the Presbyterian Church merged with [[Exodus International]].<ref>[https://truthwinsout.org/blog/2009/07/3436/ Exodus Merges With Two Denominations’ Antigay Groups]</ref> Established in 1976, the same year that [[homosexuality]] was declassified as a mental illness by the American Psychological Association, Exodus endorsed [[conversion therapy]] with an estimated 0.01% success rate, until finally admitting defeat in 2013.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/20/exodus-international-shuts-down_n_3470911.html Exodus International Shuts Down: Christian Ministry Apologizes To LGBT Community And Halts Operations]</ref> Between 2019 and 2020, where the Churches' political factions hit a tipping point as the Conservative 'traditionalist' Methodists won - from its foreign Conservative members outside of the United States - to retain its Anti-LGBT stance on Same-Sex marriage as the Churches' stance on the issue.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/religion/2019/02/26/united-methodist-church-votes-maintain-its-opposition-same-sex-marriage-gay-clergy/ United Method Church votes to maintain its opposition to same-sex marriage and gay clergy]</ref><ref>[https://religionandpolitics.org/2019/03/26/is-schism-inevitable-for-the-united-methodist-church/ Is schism inevitable for the United Methodist Church?]</ref><ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/11/22/united-methodist-church-progressive-conservative-split-lgbtq/4233406002/ Fight for LGBTQ inclusion may split the United Methodists]</ref> This led to is official ruling on January 2020, to officially breaking apart (schism) as a better solution for the factions of the divided largest Methodist denomination, in this May.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2020/01/04/793614135/united-methodist-church-announces-proposal-to-split-over-gay-marriage United Methodist Church announces proposal to split over gay marriage]</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/religion/2020/01/03/united-methodist-church-is-expected-split-over-gay-marriage-disagreement-fracturing-nations-third-largest-denomination/ United Methodist Church is expected to split over gay marriage disagreement fracturing the nation's third largest denomination]</ref><ref>[https://www.unitedmethodistbishops.org/newsdetail/united-methodist-traditionalists-centrists-progressives-bishops-sign-agreement-aimed-at-separation-13133654 United Methodist Traditionalists, Centrists, Progressives & Bishops sign agreement aimed at separation]</ref>

The United Methodist Church has taken a stand on several central arguments that come up in US political discourse:
*Teaching of [[Evolution]] — The UMC has formally stated that Evolution is a sound scientific doctrine and should be taught in schools. They go on to state that "[[Creationism]]", i.e. [[Young Earth Creationism]], does not in any form belong in science classrooms.<ref>http://www.umportal.org/article.asp?id=3869</ref>
*[[Abortion]] — The UMC favors keeping abortion legal, and accepts that each individual woman must be allowed to make her own choice, though they go out of their way to clarify that they do not "condone" abortion. They also support the use of [[birth control]]. Ministers are asked to respect a woman's choice, and support her in her time of need. The Church as a whole hopes to offer enough resources to help a woman make the choice to have her child, especially if the main reason for the abortion is economics.<ref>http://www.umc.org/site/c.lwL4KnN1LtH/b.4846073/k.6B5F/Our_Doctrinal_Standards.htm</ref> The UMC formally "strongly condemns late-term and [[partial birth abortion]]".
*Gay members — The UMC takes the stance that homosexual relations are a [[sin]], and that a "practicing homosexual" may not formally serve the church, but should be welcomed as a member of the church.<ref>http://archives.umc.org/interior.asp?mid=1324</ref> The point, however, is currently being hotly contested within the denomination, with groups such as Reconciling Ministries advocating for full inclusion of LGBTQ persons.
*[[Gay marriage]] — The UMC is against homosexual marriages, though there are various smaller Methodist groups arguing that [[civil unions]] as a [[secular]] state institution should be allowed as a way to promote social equality. It has been, of course, a highly contentious topic.<ref>http://archives.umc.org/interior.asp?mid=1324</ref>. On the 30th of June 2021, the British Methodist Conference voted overwhelmingly to allow same-sex marriage. Ministers who disagree with this will not be forced to conduct same-sex weddings.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-57658161 Methodist Church allows same-sex marriage in 'momentous' vote] ''[[BBC]]''</ref>
*Women in the clergy — The Methodists were one of the first Protestant denominations to ordain women, beginning in 1956.
*[[Polygamy]] — The UMC is against it.
*Elective [[war]]s — The UMC is against them.
*[[Gun control]] — The UMC is for it.
*[[Union]]s — The UMC is for them.
*Animal abuse — The UMC is against it.
*[[Vegetarianism]] — The UMC is understanding of it.

In summary, they walk the walk of their religion, but are hampered by institutional inertia when it comes to LGBT rights.

==See also==
*[[Clergy Letter Project]] (the non-conservative United Methodist Church signed this to show acceptance of evolution)
*[[Francis Collins]], a former [[atheist]].
*[[Quakers]]

==External links==
*[http://www.umc.org/site/c.lwL4KnN1LtH/b.4846073/k.6B5F/Our_Doctrinal_Standards.htm Articles of Religion]
*[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REmethodism.htm Wesleyan Methodists]
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/subdivisions/methodist_1.shtml The Methodist Church]
*[http://www.angelfire.com/hi3/pearly/htmls2/bush-methodist.html Dubya often talks the talk, but seldom walks the walk of his "faith"] This page by a believing Methodist shows how Bush contrasts with more typical Methodists.

==References==
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[[Category:Christian denominations]]

Categories: Christian denominations