Saturn

[[File:Saturn (planet) large.jpg|thumb|right|165px|A Voyager 1 true-color photo of Saturn, including 3 moons: Tethys, Dione and Rhea. Tethys' shadow is also visible on Saturn.]]{{Astronomy}}{{cquote|Although mostly a gas giant, there may be a large, solid core deep inside the planet. This planet's prominent rings are quite a sight to behold! They are the gateway.|||Gemini Home Entertainment, ''Our Solar System''}}

'''Saturn''' is the 6<sup>th</sup> [[planet]] from the [[Sun]] in the [[Solar System]], and the faintest of the seven planets known since ancient times (all fainter/further away from the Sun were discovered in the telescope age). It is named after the 
now defunct car brand
 pre-Olympian Roman god of agriculture.

Uniquely among the members of our solar system, Saturn has density low enough to float on [[water]], if a sufficiently large body of water could be found with a directional [[gravity]].<ref group=note>But if you float it in your bathtub, it'll leave a ring around it.</ref>

It also has rings that are unique in that they are large enough to be seen through a telescope from [[Earth]]. Early astronomers dubbed Saturn "the planet with ears."

It is also, apparently, the home planet of jazz musician {{wpl|Sun Ra||.}}

A particularly radical development of [[Immanuel Velikovsky]]'s ideas is the notion that planet Earth was once (within human memory) a satellite of Saturn. Chief proponents of these "Saturn Myth" ideas include [[David Talbott]], Dwardu Cardona and Ev Cochrane.

Saturn shares with [[Jupiter]] a {{wpl|Saturn#Internal structure|similar internal structure|,}} with a fuzzy core that has a mass similar to [[Neptune]] and a radius of 60% of the planet's one, a layer of metallic hydrogen, and finally a layer of liquid molecular hydrogen rich in helium that transitions smoothly into the gaseous atmosphere as such. Helium is also thought to "rain" from the upper atmosphere, the latter being depleted of such gas and the heat released by the friction on its fall into Saturn's interior explaining why the planet's interior is very hot despite being quite less massive than Jupiter.

==Saturn's rings==
Saturn's rings are 
the gateway<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gCUsOfgjvs OUR SOLAR SYSTEM] by Gemini Home Entertainment (Remy Abode)</ref><ref>[https://gemini-home-entertainment.fandom.com/wiki/Our_Solar_System Our Solar System] - Gemini Home Entertainment Wiki</ref>
 frequently used as an argument for a [[young Earth creationism|young earth/universe]] as, by creationist logic, they could not last longer than a few million years. This, however, ignores Saturn's {{wpl|shepherd moon|shepherd moons}} in keeping the rings in place, and it would be like judging someone's age by the length of their hair.

What science actually believes is that Saturn's rings were created when a large, icy moon crossed the Roche Limit, the boundary where the planet's gravity will tear apart any natural satellites. It is expected that the rings will indeed disappear millions of years in the future, and that it was simply luck that they formed during a time when our species would be able to see them.<ref group=note>Data from the ''Cassini'' spacecraft [http://www.space.com/23949-saturn-rings-age-cassini-spacecraft.html suggests] instead that they formed with the planet itself more than 4 billion years ago, and it's likely they'll exist for billions of years to come. However, more [http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-41091333 recent data] suggests they may be considerably younger (but still ''very far'' from the YEC claims), and [https://www.space.com/saturns-rings-disappearing-james-webb-space-telescope that they'll not last long in astronomical terms]</ref>

At least they've given up on the theory that Saturn's ring system is the [[Holy Foreskin|Holy Prepuce]], the [[circumcision]]-removed foreskin of [[Jesus]], ascended to the heavens.<ref group=note>Late 17<sup>th</sup> century Catholic scholar, theologian, and evident gibbering lunatic with far too much time on his hands Leo Allatius speculated such in ''De Praeputio Domini Nostri Jesu Christi Diatriba'' ("Discussion concerning the Prepuce of our Lord Jesus Christ").</ref><ref>T. Joyner Drolsum, ''Unholy Writ:: An Infidel’s Critique of the Bible''. AuthorHouse, 7 November 2011, p. 227. {{isbn|1456795759}}.</ref>

Saturn's rings are easy to see from Earth with a basic telescope. Be aware that every 15 years (the next time this will happen will be in 2025) the rings appear to disappear from view as seen from Earth given their thinness, when our planet passes through the plane of the rings<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131105231722/http://www.classicalastronomy.com/news/anmviewer.asp?a=313&z=28 Saturn's Rings Edge-On]</ref>

==Saturn in astrology==
Few planets have changed their reputation and image more thoroughly than Saturn.  For moderns, familiar with images made by telescopes, Saturn is one of the most spectacular and visually interesting of the planets, due to its conspicuous rings.  The image of Saturn's rings is a visual shorthand that means 'outer space'.

[[Astrology]], however, has no love for Saturn.  The ancients who identified Saturn as a planet knew nothing of its glory.  They saw only a dim yellow planet, never bright, and the slowest moving body they knew.  Given this state of knowledge, they assigned Saturn the realms of old age, boundaries, limitations, time, and death.  His metal is lead.  He is Kronos, Father Time.<ref>Joanne Watters, [http://www.skyscript.co.uk/saturn1.html Introducing Saturn]</ref>

==The Saturn Myth==
Among the less well known writings of 20<sup>th</sup> century [[catastrophism|catastrophist]] and academic heretic [[Immanuel Velikovsky]] were claims that the planet Saturn was in some way involved with the [[deluge]] myths that exist in most cultures. He postulated that Saturn had undergone some kind of [[nova]] or mass ejection event which led to Earth being inundated with vast amounts of water from space, causing mass flooding and destruction during stone-age prehistory. 

Using a novel synthesis of comparative [[mythology]] and [[electric universe]] tropes, these ideas were developed from the 1970s onwards by various Velikovskian enthusiasts such as David Talbott, Dwardu Cardona and Ev Cochrane, mostly finding a home in their society magazines such as ''Kronos'' and ''Aeon''. The startling proposal was that Earth, [[Venus]], and [[Mars]] were formerly satellites of Saturn, which was then a [[brown dwarf]] star. (The [[Electric Universe]] permits bodies of smaller mass to happily function as stars, as it proposes that they shine not by internal nuclear fusion, but glow as anodes for galactic discharge currents.) The scenario is variously mooted to be responsible for [[megafauna]] (gravity strength being dependent on cosmic electrical environment), and for the mythic "golden age" of eternal summer: Earth's Saturnian orbit being such that the [[Pangea]] super-continent was permanently facing Saturn. Earth was also said to be enveloped in a "Purple Twilight" within Saturn's "corona."

This pre-historic idyll was then hypothesised to have been catastrophically disrupted by the arrival of the Sun (and/or [[Jupiter]]) into the vicinity of the Saturnian system, resulting in transitional configurations such as the "Polar Configuration" (a linear arrangement of Venus, Earth, and Mars on an axis between Saturn and the Sun, similar to that observed during the breakup of [[Comet#Shoemaker-Levy_9|Comet Shoemaker–Levy]] when it collided with Jupiter), which eventually over several calamitous centuries and episodes of Velikovskian planetary billiards ended up in the present configuration of the Solar System.

Proponents of these notions are usually known as "Saturnists." Their main source of inspiration and evidence for their Saturnian Scenario is claimed to be comparative mythology, with the primeval myths and religions of societies across most continents being interpreted as providing graphic depictions of these planetary shenanigans. Where any attempt is made to have these scenarios conform to the laws of physics, it is usually done with recourse to [[Electric Universe]] ideas, with the viability of the Earth's biosphere during this game of cosmic ping-pong being maintained by various benign and fortuitous plasma discharge scenarios. Spectacular auroral effects are offered as providing inspiration for various deities in the mythic pantheons.

This Saturnian Scenario is certainly one of Velikovsky's most imaginative legacies to human thought, and has found a new audience after [[David Icke]] picked up a copy of Talbott's book ''The Saturn Myth'' and decided to incorporate it into the latest iteration of his interdimensional lizard-person cosmology.

==Hexagonal vortex==
[[File:Saturn hexagonal north pole feature.jpg|thumb|ZOMG, hexagon!]]
Saturn's North pole is encircled by a hexagonal ring. It's not clear why it exists, though it most probably has something to do with vortices, standing waves and other subjects of fluid dynamics. Something like that has been successfully replicated in a lab.<ref>[http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2010/2471.html Saturn's hexagon recreated in the laboratory] by Emily Lakdawalla (2010/05/05 05:32 UTC) ''The Planetary Society''. There is also a cool [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_c9A9Auf0A video]!</ref> As with most weirdly-looking and unexplained natural phenomena, it has attracted its share of [[woo]], ranging from Electric Universe proponents to [[numerologist]]s (who point out that "a hexagon has six sides and Saturn is the sixth planet").

According to Ice Cube and David Icke, the object at the center of {{wpl|Saturn's hexagon}} which looks vaguely like a black cube is a shrine to [[Satan]], because Saturn sounds kind of like Satan.<ref>https://ew.com/celebrity/ice-cube-under-fire-tweeting-anti-semitic-images-conspiracy-theories/</ref><ref>https://theoutline.com/post/2382/the-sadness-of-saturn</ref> And [[Santa Claus]] is also involved, apparently.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZQBYiZ-ztU</ref>

We wish we were joking.

== Saturn's moons ==
Saturn has a bunch (over 80) of small moons, and one great big moon named [[Titan (moon)|Titan]]. Titan is unique in that it's the only moon in the Solar system with a substantial atmosphere, which means liquids can exist on its surface. (And they do &mdash; the surface is dotted with lakes of liquid [[methane]], the same substance the atmosphere is made of. It's way too cold for liquid water, though.) Unlike Earth's atmosphere, Titan's "air" is opaque, which means you can't see surface features without either looking in the infrared bands or using a radar from space,<ref group=note>As the Cassini Probe</ref> or getting down into the atmosphere and when you ''are'' down in the atmosphere (as the Huygens Probe was in 2005), trying to see anything is like sightseeing at midnight in a fog bank. This leaves open the tantalizing possibility (to believers in [[space aliens]], at least) that there is a thriving metropolis somewhere on Titan's surface that we haven't seen yet. However, some bizarre, exotic life could turn out of this, but it would almost certainly just be [[Bacteria|microbes]].

In addition to Titan, Saturn has six additional moons that are massive enough to have become round under their own gravity. These are Rhea, Enceladus, Mimas, Tethys, Iapetus, and Dione.

[[Iapetus]] is a mid-sized moon famous for its highly unusual two-toned coloration and its massive equatorial ridge, giving it a walnut-shaped look, that have caused it to be the target of [[crank]]s claiming [[Fun:Star Wars|that's no moon]].

One of the bigger small moons, Enceladus, is covered in ice just like Jupiter's moon Europa, and may have liquid water oceans under the ice if it's geologically active enough. The existence of such an ocean was confirmed in September 2015 when it was observed that Enceladus's entire surface was shifting relative to the interior. Alarmingly, data from the Cassini probe as it passed through one of Enceladus's famed geysers revealed that the ocean is salty, and that it contains complex organic compounds.

Mimas is famous for its enormous crater (in proportion to its diameter) Herschel, caused by a severe impact in the distant past. This crater is just large enough and just in the right position that it makes Mimas look like the Death Star. Amusingly, Herschel was not discovered until three years after the release of the first ''Star Wars'' movie.

A strange feature shared by both Mimas and Tethys is that when they are examined via thermal imaging, the warm areas of both moons resemble Pac-Man. Tethys is also notable for possessing one of the solar system's largest canyons, the Ithaca Chasma, believed to have formed when Tethys's hypothetical subsurface ocean froze over and caused the moon's surface to crack open as well as like Mimas yet another big crater in proportion to the moon's size, this one named Odysseus, that gives it a Death Star-like look too.

Dione is known for its extensive array of uneven terrain believed to have been caused by past cryovolcanic activity, most notably a series of cliffs that are hundreds of meters high and visible from space.

Last but not least is Rhea, the second-largest moon after Titan. Rhea is notable for being the only moon in the solar system to have its own ring system. Fitting as it is also the only moon to be directly named after its primary's mythological spouse.

==Saturn ignition==
As per [[Jupiter#Jupiter ignition|Jupiter]], some cranks have suggested Saturn would have been turned into a star.<ref group=note>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzccJMP1HLU Yeah, right] Somewhere on Jet Propulsion Laboratory's YouTube channel comments someone mentions also a "Project Lucifer" to transform Saturn into a star. '''EDIT''' [http://awarenessact.com/nasa-lucifer-project-were-about-to-bomb-saturn-with-plutonium-238/ Here's the bullshit]</ref> after the demise of the Cassini probe on Saturn's atmosphere in September 2017. Naturally, they neglect to mention the fact that Saturn's mass is less than a third that of Jupiter's (meaning, ''harder still'' to successfully 'light up'). Even so — to Saturn, poor Cassini amounted to nothing but an insignificant speck of dust. Needless to say, the ringed planet hardly noticed the 'shooting star' over its skies. In the end, the glorious flash of Cassini's own viking funeral contained all the fire said spacecraft would ever bring.<sup>''[Citation NOT needed]''</sup>

However according to some [[crank]]s at [[Before It's News]] that actually happened and was not visible from Earth because [[NASA]] used a cloaking device 
stolen from the [[Star Trek|Romulans]]
 to hide that from the rest of the Universe in order to fullfill an ancient prophecy.<ref>[https://beforeitsnews.com/v3/alternative/2018/3637981.html How NASA used a satellite to turn Saturn into a new sun, but hid it from the world in order to fulfill an apocalyptic prophecy]</ref> Yes, and the Borg are having an assimilation party on [[Pluto]] right now.

==External links==
*Claim [http://talkorigins.org/indexcc/CE/CE240.html CE240: Stability of Saturn's rings] in [[TalkOrigins]]' Index to Creationist Claims
*[http://scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2010/02/saturn_look_and_learn.php A nice bit on Scienceblogs about Saturn]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Astronomy]]
[[Category:Planets]]

Categories: Astronomy, Planets