Suicide

{{messagebox|warning-red|<big>'''If you are considering suicide, you are not alone, and [[Suicide#External links|there is help]].'''</big>
If you know someone who is considering suicide, the same applies.
*In the US, call or text '''988''' toll-free, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
*[https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/suicide/in-depth/suicide/art-20044707 How to help someone who is suicidal]
*In the UK, call the Samaritans on '''116 123''' freephone}}

{{cquote|Hey You, Don’t Tell Me There’s No Hope At All,
'''''TOGETHER [[Human|WE]] [[Humanism|STAND]], DIVIDED WE FALL ''''' |||{{wpl|Pink Floyd||,}} “Hey You”<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQcBwE6j09U</ref>}}
{{psychology}}
'''Suicide''' is the act of deliberately killing oneself. We will not list any suicide methods in this article; if you are suicidal, '''please get help'''. There are some resources at the top of this page, as well as near the [[Suicide#Suicide prevention|bottom]]. 
==Religion==
Suicide is viewed by various religions as a [[sin]], including [[Islam]] (which puts a damper on suicide bombers' claims to those 72 virgins), [[Judaism]], [[Hinduism]], and some groups of [[Christianity]], usually because of "thou shalt not kill", sanctity of life, [[God]]'s will, and such stuff. [[God]] is considered infinitely loving and compassionate, but by this logic has little or no compassion for those whose desperation and misery overcome their survival instinct.

Was [[Jesus|Jesus Christ]]'s a death a suicide? Some argue it was not and instead say it was an example of someone sacrificing another person to forgive humanity's sins; however, this means that an [[omnipotent]] [[God]] sacrificed his son in order to forgive. Others, like [[Jon Matter]] (AKA DarkAntics AKA DarkMatter2525), have argued that it does not count as a sacrifice, as it does not fit many of the components of ancient animal sacrifice rituals.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gh55gQwF1iY Jesus Wasn't Sacrificed] by Jon Matter (Jan 8, 2013) ''YouTube''</ref> Of course, it's also possible for something to be both a sacrifice ''and'' suicide. 

There are two instances of suicide by hanging in the Bible. The one you probably already know about is [[Judas Iscariot]]. According to {{bible|Matthew|27|3|5}},<ref group=note>{{bible|Acts|1|18|19}} has a very different account that decidedly does not involve suicide by hanging. Or really hanging in general.</ref> Judas hanged himself because he felt guilty about betraying Jesus. According to Charles H. Talbert, this is a weird sort of karmic justice: the [[Gospel of Matthew]] portrays Jesus as a king, specifically who resembles [[King David]], so he dies a death befitting someone who betrays a king.<ref name="talbert">''Reading Acts: A literary and theological commentary on the Acts of the Apostles'' by Charles H. Talbert (1997) Crossroads</ref>

Speaking of [[King David]], the other instance is in {{bible|2 Samuel|17|23}}. Here, the advisor Ahithophel tells the newly-crowned Absalom that he wants to gather an army of twelve thousand to go after the recently deposed [[King David|David]], taking care to only go after David. However, Absalom foolishly decides to instead follow the advice of Hushai the Archite, who tells him to gather a huge army. After this, Ahithophel gets his affairs in order and kills himself. Again, this is also considered a "fitting" fate for someone who betrays a king (David, not Absalom).<ref name="talbert"/> Notably, according to {{bible|2 Samuel|17|14}}, God wanted this to happen. He tried to get Absalom to disobey his good advice to get back at Absalom, which means Big G can add an indirect murder to his [[Examples of God personally killing people|kill count]].

Treating suicide as a mortal sin is almost certainly a retrofit, due to the discovery that preaching eternal happiness in [[heaven]], as the Christian [[faith]] does, led to people killing themselves in order to get there faster, a trend which ended with [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine of Hippo's]] redefinition of suicide as a sin, rather than a valid means of [[martyr|martyrdom]].<ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JCCHtVitcKwC&pg=PA16&dq=early+christian+suicides+augustine&ei=75SpSb_FAZW6M6H_zbsI ''Suicide:A European Perspective'' by Nils Retterstøl] at Google books</ref>

Modern [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] doctrine acknowledges that most suicides happen due to mental illness, and thus are not a mortal sin due to lack of moral responsibility. Strangely enough, the people to belittle those wanting to commit suicide as "cowardice" or "selfish" generally fail to comment upon whether forcing someone to live in agony with insults and threats of Hellfire is also a selfish act.

==Assisted suicide==
''See also: [[Euthanasia]]''
{{cquote|I grew up Catholic; I went to Catholic school where we were taught Jesus’ final words on the cross, when he could no longer take the suffering: “Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit.” Tell me: How’s that not aid in dying?|||Kelly Davis, who assisted her sister (diagnosed with ALS) in ending her life<ref>http://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/commentary/what-i-learned-helping-my-sister-use-californias-new-law-to-end-her-life/</ref>}}
'''Assisted suicide''' is the provision to an individual of the means necessary to kill oneself. In the few jurisdictions where this is legal, the only person legally empowered to provide such means is a licensed physician; thus, this process is also known as '''physician-assisted death (PAD).''' Assisted suicide/PAD is a form of [[euthanasia]], but it is distinct from euthanasia, as the individual being euthanized is (ostensibly) performing the act him/herself.

Assisted suicide is a controversial political issue.<ref>http://www.assistedsuicide.org/suicide_laws.html</ref> It is legal in the [[Netherlands]], [[Colombia]], [[Switzerland]], [[Japan]], [[Germany]], [[Belgium]], Luxembourg, [[Estonia]], and [[Albania]]; the [[US]] states of [[Washington]], [[Oregon]], [[California]], [[New Mexico]],<ref group=note>PAD exists in a legal grey area in New Mexico. While not permitted by statute in New Mexico as in the five other states that permit it, a recent court ruling in Bernalillo County enjoins the state government from prohibiting the practice, and the ruling's applicability to other counties in the state has not yet been tested.</ref> [[Montana]], and [[Vermont]];<ref>''The Psychiatry of Palliative Medicine: The Dying Mind'', Page 209, Sandy Macleod</ref> and the [[Canada|Canadian]] province of [[Quebec]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Quebec end-of-life-care law means new era for health providers|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-end-of-life-care-law-means-new-era-for-health-providers-1.2667127|website=Cbc.ca|accessdate=8 June 2014}}</ref> In every state and jurisdiction where it is legal, strict regulations exist to ensure the individual performing suicide has a serious, painful, physical or psychological illness that causes unbearable agony, where all treatment attempts have been exhausted and is mentally and physically capable of administering the suicide drugs him/herself, has given [[informed consent]] several times, and has the opportunity to withdraw such consent at every stage of the process.

At least one person in the US (a 90-year-old woman with no medical qualifications) has been prosecuted for selling mail-order "suicide kits."<ref>http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2012/05/92-year-old-calif-woman-sentenced-over-suicide-kits/1#.VhPZ1Y9VhBc</ref>

==Suicide threats==
The threat of suicide can make a person feel manipulated; while these threats should be taken seriously, people who are faced with threats of suicide by others should not allow themselves to be manipulated by them.<ref>[http://blogs.psychcentral.com/wellness/2011/11/manipulated-by-suicide-threats/ Feeling Manipulated by Suicide Threats?]</ref><ref>[http://www.samaritans.org/how-we-can-help-you/myths-about-suicide Myths about suicide]</ref><ref>[http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/stop-walking-eggshells/201003/what-do-when-feeling-manipulated-suicide-threats What to do when feeling manipulated by suicide threats]</ref> Frequent threats of suicide used to enforce compliance within a relationship are regarded as a form of emotional abuse.<ref>http://www.thehotline.org/2014/08/when-your-partner-threatens-suicide/</ref>

The FAQ of the pro-suicide choice newsgroup alt.suicide.holiday (ASH) argues that expressed suicidal ideation is often misinterpreted as manipulation because people believe that a truly suicidal person would have killed themselves already.

The person could simply wish to discuss whether suicide is the best option because he is not yet sure and wants input from others. The a.s.h. FAQ claims "Many complicating factors require significant time to think through in order to decide whether or not to commit suicide. But even if one has decided to exit, there is also a matter of choosing, planning, and carrying out a suicide method. Suicide is not easy . . . and many people require much deliberation before deciding how to go about it."<ref>[http://ash.notearthday.org/FAQGuides.html#III-section-1.4. You don't *really* want to die, otherwise you would have done so by now], Are you for real?, The alt.suicide.holiday (a.s.h) FAQ</ref> Eight out of ten people considering suicide give some sign of their intentions. People who talk about suicide, threaten suicide, or call suicide crisis centers are 30 times more likely than average to kill themselves.<ref>[http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/suicide Suicide], Mental Health America</ref>

==Suicide contagion==
Suicide contagion is a phenomenon where reporting on a suicide increases suicide risk of readers. Journalists and media producers need to be extremely cautious when creating media on suicide.

'''Risk factors:'''<ref name="mindframe">[http://www.mindframe-media.info/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/9983/140519_MindFrame-for-Media_PDF-2.pdf Reporting suicide and mental Illness: A Mindframe resource for media professionals PDF]</ref>
*celebrity suicide
*intense focus on the person who committed suicide
*a transcript of a suicide note
*elaboration on location or method of death
*persistent and prominent media coverage
*sensationalized death

People who are at risk of suicide may be attracted to news stories concerning suicide.<ref name="mindframe"/> Respectful reporting on suicide can discourage suicide.<ref name="mindframe"/>

==Suicide panics==
While {{sl|suicide contagion}} is a real phenomenon, there are also several cases of [[moral panic]]s about imagined epidemics of suicide, generally among the young. One of the earliest cases followed the publication of ''The Sorrows of Young Werther'' by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 1774; despite a small number of suicides which might be attributed to the book, the epidemic of people worrying that the book would lead to suicide was far greater.<ref>"Was There a Suicide Epidemic After Goethe's Werther?", Jan Thorson and Per-Arne Öberg, Archives of Suicide Research, Volume 7, 2003 - Issue 1 (2010)</ref>

A more recent case was the so-called [[Bridgend suicides]], an alleged epidemic in south [[Wales]], which turned out to be a statistical coincidence augmented by inaccurate reporting. Another, almost entirely imaginary, moral panic was the so-called blue whale challenge in [[Russia]] from around 2015, where there were internet rumors of a suicide challenge where people would be given 50 increasingly difficult challenges, ending with "kill yourself". The challenge appeared to be an [[urban myth]], spread by teenagers in forums and chatrooms, and the rumors were later used by musician Philipp Budeikin to promote his "witch house" techno music, which led to his jailing for encouraging children to kill themselves.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-46505722], Blue Whale: What is the truth behind an online 'suicide challenge'?, Ant Adeane, BBC Trending Blogs, 13 January 2019</ref>

==Helping family and friends of people who died from suicide==

''Note: if someone you cared about dies from suicide, there are support services for you. They can help you understand the situation.''

Sadly, forty thousand people end their lives and loved ones do need help to cope with it. Support groups and counseling services are helpful for said people. It is absolutely imperative to avoid saying "committing suicide" as that term originated in the United Kingdom in their criminal code. It is better to say "died from suicide", as saying "committing suicide" implies a criminal offense and builds stigma.<ref>[https://ct.counseling.org/2019/10/supporting-survivors-of-suicide-loss/# Counseling Today],.</ref>

==Dissident views==
[[Thomas Szasz]] drew a comparison between suicide and self-medication, arguing that both are activities that were once allowed by law and that, according to [[libertarian]] theory, should be re-legalized as basic human rights.<ref>[http://www.szasz.com/latimesnovember232001.html Assisted Suicide is Bootleg Suicide], Thomas Szasz, 23 November 2001, Los Angeles Times.</ref>

==Morality==
There are multiple arguments for and against suicide that exist aside from established religious dogma. Some object to it on the basis that it damages the lives of the people around the victim, is unnecessary, or is selfish. Others may argue that a person has the right to life and also to death, so they should be allowed to end their own life if they so choose.

== See also ==
*[[Suicide bombing]]
*[[Homicide bombing]] — [[Fox News]] on the above.
*[[Euthanasia]]

==External links==
===Suicide prevention===
====United States====
*[http://www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org/ National Suicide Hotline]
*[http://www.hopeline.com/ Kristin Brooks Hope Center — Hopeline]
*Call 211 (https://www.211.org/) for help with:
**Healthcare (mental health, substance abuse, paying for healthcare)
**Food
**Housing (housing expenses, utility expenses)
**Crisis & emergency (COVID-19, disaster recovery)

====United Kingdom====
*[http://www.breathingspacescotland.co.uk/bspace/119.html Breathing Space]
*[http://www.samaritans.org/talk_to_someone.aspx The Samaritans]

====Australia====
*[https://www.lifeline.org.au/ Lifeline]

====Japan====
*[https://www.npa.go.jp/publications/statistics/safetylife/jisatsu.html National Police Agency (Japan)]
*[https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/hukushi_kaigo/shougaishahukushi/jisatsu/index.html Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare]

====Philippines====
*[https://doh.gov.ph/NCMH-Crisis-Hotline NCMH Crisis Helpline]
** 1553 - Luzon-wide landline toll free
** For Globe/TM subscribers:
*** 0966 351 4518
*** 0917 899 8727
**SMART/Sun/TNT subscribers:
*** 0908 639 2672

====General====
*[http://ibpf.org/resource/list-international-suicide-hotlines List of International Suicide Hotlines], International Bipolar Foundation
*[http://www.befrienders.org Befrienders Worldwide]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Mental health]]
[[Category:Psychology]]
[[Category:Culture]]

Categories: Medicine, Mental health, Psychology, Culture