Douglas Hofstadter

[[File:Hofstadter2002.jpg|thumb|165px|This is not Douglas Hofstadter.<ref group="note">It is, however, a photo of him.</ref>]]
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'''Douglas Hofstadter''' is the subject of the RationalWiki article accessed by typing "Douglas", space, "Hofstadter", enter into the search box.

But seriously…

'''Douglas Richard Hofstadter''' {{lived|1945}} is an American professor and writer perhaps best known for the book ''Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid'', a popular science blend of of [[mathematical]] [[logic]], [[art]], [[music]], and [[genetics]], talking about a concept "strange loops" recurring along many domains of mathematics, [[physics]] and human activity and speculation about their role in the emergence of [[consciousness]] from non-conscious matter.

He is also a debunker of [[pseudoscience]] and [[woo]], a member of the [[Committee for Skeptical Inquiry]]<ref>https://skepticalinquirer.org/fellows-and-staff/</ref>, an advocate of [[gender-inclusive language]],<ref name="mmt">''{{wpl|Metamagical Themas}}'', by Hofstadter</ref> and an all-around cool guy.

He is a teeny tiny bit in love with {{wpl|Kurt Gödel|Gödel|,}} {{wpl|M. C. Escher|Escher|,}} {{wpl|Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach|,}} and ''Gödel, Escher, Bach''.

==Views==
[[File:Douglas Hofstadter article screenshot.png|thumb|165px|To get a screenshot of the RationalWiki article on Douglas Hofstadter, replace the black box in this image with a downsized copy of the image.]]
===Consciousness===
Hofstadter rejects [[dualism]] and believes consciousness to be an emergent property of the physical [[brain]], a view he shares with [[Daniel Dennett]], with whom he co-authored ''The Mind's I''. In ''Gödel, Escher, Bach'', he also rejects the notion that the human mind's operation is non-computable, and attacks the {{wpl|Penrose–Lucas argument}} non-computability argument based on [[Gödel's incompleteness theorems|Gödel's incompleteness theorem]]. In fact, he himself uses Gödel's theorem in the same book as an example of how a purely formal system based on manipulating syntactic symbols gains the ability to reason about itself and its own semantics, forming an example of a "strange loop" that crosses levels of abstraction. Hofstadter believes that such "strange loops" form one of the components of the mind's self-awareness, the feeling of having an "I".<ref name="geb">''{{wpl|Gödel, Escher, Bach}}, by Hofstadter</ref>

===Pseudoscience and the paranormal===
In ''Metamagical Themas'', Hofstadter is highly critical of sensationalist tabloids and supportive of the ''Skeptical Inquirer'' and its efforts to debunk [[pseudoscience]]. He believes that [[paranormal]] claims are deeply incompatible with science, and that taking a moderate position towards them gives them undue weight.<ref name="mmt" />

===Religion===
Hofstadter describes himself as a [[materialist]] and a non-religious person.<ref>https://www.celebatheists.com/wiki/Douglas_Hofstadter</ref> He is not actively hostile to [[religion]].

===Gender-inclusive language===
In one of the essays in ''Metamagical Themas'', he called attention to the issue of implicit default assumptions in language, particularly along [[gender]] lines, as early as 1983. In hindsight he regretted not having major female characters in ''Gödel, Escher, Bach'' (which he rectified in some foreign translations of the book by making the Tortoise female), and argued for more gender and racial diversity in fiction before it was mainstream.<ref name="mmt" /> In the same essay, he also included "A Person Paper on Purity of Language", a [[Satire|satirical]] article that calls attention to [[sexist]] language by recasting it in terms of a [[Racism|different divide]].<ref>[https://www.cs.virginia.edu/~evans/cs655/readings/purity.html A Person Paper on Purity in Language]</ref>

===The Singularity===
Hofstadter says that [[artificial intelligence]] research has a long way to go. Not only does he not believe the [[Singularity]] is near, but in one interview, he called it a "nutty technology-glorifying scenario" that "gives [him] the creeps".<ref>http://tal.forum2.org/hofstadter_interview</ref>

===Prisoner's dilemma and superrationality===
Hofstadter dedicated two issues of ''Metamagical Themas'' to the [[prisoner's dilemma]]. In one, he reposted Robert Axelrod's result that the "tit for tat" strategy was found to be the best for iterated prisoner's dilemma. For a one-shot prisoner's dilemma, he introduced his own solution to a specific case of it, called {{wpl|superrationality||:}} if an agent knows it's playing against an agent employing the same strategy, it can act as if it's ''deciding what the strategy is'', and know that its opponent will arrive at the same conclusion too.<ref name="mmt" /> This is rather similar to [[Eliezer Yudkowsky]]'s solution to {{wpl|Newcomb's paradox|Newcomb's problem|,}} which is to think of yourself as implementing an abstract decision algorithm that both you and any entity trying to predict you would follow.

==Selected bibliography==
===''Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid''===
''The'' Hofstadter book, exploring the concept of strange loops in mathematics (via [[Gödel's incompleteness theorems|Gödel's incompleteness theorem]]), art, music, and [[molecular biology]] ([[DNA]] replication and [[gene expression]]). Notably it contains a thorough and in-depth explanation of the proof of Gödel's theorem — enough, maybe, to interest non-mathematicians in the abstract beauty of mathematics. The chapters are interleaved with whimsical self-referential dialogues featuring Achilles, the Tortoise, and other characters, typically talking in allegoric form about the subject of the next chapter.

===Other books===
* ''The Mind's I: Fantasies and Reflections on the Self and Soul'' (1981)
*: A collection of essays and commentary on other writers of [[philosophy of mind]], co-edited with [[Daniel Dennett]].
* ''Metamagical Themas: Questing for the Essence of Mind and Pattern'' (1985)
*: An anthology of articles that originally appeared in ''[[Scientific American]]'', on a variety of topics, including self-reference, curious mathematical structures, [[cognitive science]], pseudoscience, and default assumptions in language (mostly with regards to gender).
* ''Le Ton beau de Marot: In Praise of the Music of Language'' (1997), a book on the art of translation.

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==See also==
* [[Daniel Dennett]]
* [[Hard problem of consciousness]]
* [[#top|The creator of Egbert B. Gebstadter]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

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