trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Kirlian photography

[[Image:Kirl66 g.png|thumb|left|Kirlian photography of a pair of coins.]]{{pseudosciencenav}}
'''Kirlian photography''' is a method of creating images by placing an object on a photographic plate and passing high-voltage, high-frequency electrical current through it, thus producing images of coronal discharge around the object's image on the plate. It's named after Semyon Kirlian (1898-1978), a [[Russia|Russian]] electrician with a [[Science|scientific]] bent, who (re-)discovered the effect in 1939.<ref name="kirlian">[http://www.ofspiritandsoul.com/kirlian.html Kirlian Photography and Auric Fields]</ref>

==In pseudoscience==
Kirlian photography has little merit besides being a nice way to illustrate coronal discharge and making pretty cool pictures. Of course, that doesn't stop people trying to find un-scientific merit. Kirlian himself suggested that the images can be compared to an [[aura]], and many [[New Age]]rs seem to have run with this suggestion very literally.<ref name="kirlian" />

Kirlian photography has been used as evidence of the existence of a "biofield". Kirlian himself had noted several changes in what he was photographing depending on conditions around him, and came up with various ideas such as bio-plasma that would link the results of his photographic technique with mood, {{wpl|emotion}}s, and physical state.<ref>[http://www.fullspectrum.org.uk/about-kirlian/info_13.html Fullspectrum.org (professional Kirlian photographers, apparently of the ''mostly'' non-bullshit kind) &mdash; About Kirlian]</ref> David Bowie also noted changes, specifically before and after taking [[cocaine]].<ref>[http://www.buzzfeed.com/twentyfourbit/david-bowies-kirlian-photo-before-and-after-1wab David Bowie's Kirlian Photo, Before and After Using Cocaine]</ref> Since then, it has been associated with energy flows, [[meridians]], and [[alternative medicine]] treatments,<ref>[http://www.kirlian.org/kirlian.htm Kirlian.org]</ref> usually as a way of measuring {{wpl|stress}}, or evaluating people who claim various paranormal properties ([[Therapeutic touch]], etc.).<ref>[http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/k/kirlian_photography.html Mystica]</ref> Changes in skin moisture and contact pressure are in fact the variables responsible for changes in the coronas, and Kirlian photography is therefore not a reliable measurement of health.<ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3322/canjclin.44.2.115/epdf Questionable Methods of Cancer Management: Electronic Devices] by The American Cancer Society, ''CA Cancer J. Clin.'' 1994: 44, 115-127.</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.skepdic.com/kirlian.html Kirlian photography] at [[The Skeptic's Dictionary]]
*[https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Kirlia_(Pokémon) Kirlia] at Bulbapedia<ref group=note>The Pokémon [https://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/Kirlia_(Pokémon) Kirlia] is named after Kirlian photography. There's a fun piece of trivia for you.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Radionics]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
Kirsan Ilyumzhinov

[[File:Kirsan_Ilyumzhinov in Tasnimnews Agency.jpg|thumb|left|165px|Kirsan Ilyumzhinov in 2016]]{{ufology}}
'''Kirsan Ilyumzhinov''', a.k.a. '''Kirsan Nikolayevich Ilyumzhinov''' (Кирса́н Никола́евич Илюмжи́нов) or '''Ülümjin Kirsan''' (Үлүмҗин Кирсан) {{Lived|April 5, 1962}} was the despotic President of the Republic of Kalmykia in the [[Russia|Russian Federation]] from 1993 to 2010 and has been the (rather controversial) President of Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE, the World Chess Federation) from 1995 to 2015. He withdrew from FIDE in 2015 after the [[US]] Department of the Treasury named him as "materially assisting and acting for or on behalf of the Government of [[Syria]], Central Bank of Syria, Adib Mayaleh, and Batoul Rida."<ref>[https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl0287.aspx Treasury Sanctions Networks Providing Support to the Government of Syria, Including For Facilitating Syrian Government Oil Purchases from ISIL] 11/25/2015.</ref>

He is a member of the Kalmyk/Oirat nation (Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic), a people descended from Genghis Khan's Mongol hordes who wandered west to the Caspian to establish the only [[Buddhist]] nation in Europe.<ref>[http://www.kalmykia.net/ Kalmykia]</ref>

During an April 26, 2010 television interview with Vladimir Pozner he claimed that he had been visited by [[extraterrestrial]]s in his Moscow apartment in September 18, 1997.

==External links==
* [http://new.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/kremlin-asked-to-probe-kalmyk-leaders-visit-with-aliens/405472.html State Duma Deputy asks President Medvedev to Investigate Loss of State Secrets to Aliens] ''Moscow Times'' May 6, 2010

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{stub|ufology}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ilyumzhinov, Kirsan}}
[[Category:Ufology]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Russian politicians]]

Categories: Ufology, Living people, Russian politicians
Kitty Werthmann

{{uspolitics}} 
'''Kitty Werthmann''' was the president of the [[South Dakota]] [[Eagle Forum]], an anti-just-about-everything-sensible group founded by [[Phyllis Schlafly]]. 

Werthmann was born in [[Austria]] in 1926 and lived in [[Nazi Germany|German]]-occupied territory during the [[Holocaust]].

She invariably blames [[liberal]]s for implementing policies that would send the [[United States of America]] down the [[slippery slope]] into the Fourth [[Nazism|Reich]].<ref>http://skeptoid.com/blog/2013/01/07/kitty-werthmann-history-distorted/</ref>{{more}}  That doesn't stop her message from circulating across the [[internet]] via email and [[social media]].<ref>[http://www.snopes.com/politics/guns/werthmann.asp The full message] on [[Snopes.com]]</ref>  

Among the [[strawman argument|boogeymen]] that she blames for [[Adolf Hitler]]'s successes include implementing [[gun control]], [[equal rights]] for [[women]], removing [[religious]] instruction from [[Germany]]'s [[public education]] system, and anything even remotely close to [[socialism]], [[communism]] or [[anarchism]].

That Werthmann, Schlafly and the Eagle Forum preach little more than an American form of [[Kinder, Kuche, Kirche]] is  an [[irony]] completely lost upon them.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Werthmann, Kitty}}
[[Category:Pseudohistory]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{stub|pseudohistory}}

Categories: Pseudohistory, Living people
Kiwix

[[File:Logo-kiwix-vertical.svg|thumb|right|165px|The Kiwix logo of a kiwi bird]]
{{internet}}
'''Kiwix''' is a non-profit organization that provides a free, open-source Web browser, as well as free copies of highly-compressed copies of [[education]]al [[public domain]] or [[Creative Commons]]-licensed websites that can be read on their cellphone or laptop browser. The files are coded in the {{wpl|ZIM (file forma|.zim format|,}} and the browser reads the .zim files seamlessly as if one were on the Web. The Kiwix project is intended to give access to educational content on the internet for people who have limited or no access to the internet, or who only have access to government-[[censored]] internet.<ref name=about>[https://kiwix.org/en/about-us/#our-story Our Story] ''Kiwix''.</ref>

==Accessibility==
Kiwix sponsored a "Flash Drives for Freedom" campaign to give uncensored web content to [[North Korea]]ns.<ref>[https://flashdrivesforfreedom.org/ Flash Drives for Freedom] ''Kiwix''.</ref> As of 2025, other countries where the internet is highly censored include [[Russia]], [[China]], [[Turkmenistan]], [[Iraq]], [[Iran]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Myanmar]].<ref>[https://www.comparitech.com/blog/vpn-privacy/internet-censorship-map/ Internet Censorship: A Map of Internet Censorship and Restrictions] by Paul Bischoff (January 22, 2025) ''Comparitech''.</ref> Kiwix reported that 50% of the world's population do not have reliable internet access.<ref name=about/>

==Content==
The Kiwix library of the downloadable internet is available in a multitude of languages and includes:<ref>[https://browse.library.kiwix.org/#lang= Library] ''Kiwix''.</ref>
*[[Wikipedia]], including various subsets
*{{wpl|Project Gutenberg}} — digitized copies of public domain books
*IFixit — repair instructions for tech
*Computer coding manuals and instruction
*Foreign language instruction
*RationalWiki
*{{wpl|Stack Exchange}}
*Information on crafts, hobbies and skills

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Censorship]]
[[Category:Internet]]
[[Category:Wikis]]

Categories: Censorship, Internet, Wikis
Klaus Armstroff

[[File:Klaus Armstroff.jpg|165px|thumb]][[File:An oak wreath on logo of the German party "The Third Path" - Parteilogo "Der III. Weg.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Third Path logo]]
{{nazism}}
'''Klaus Armstroff''' {{lived|1957}} is a [[German]] [[neo-Nazi]] and leader of the [[far-right]] German political party {{wpl|The III. Path||.}} Klaus was formerly part of the [[National Socialist]] wing of the {{wpl|National Democratic Party of Germany}} (NPD), before starting The III. Path party. Outside politics, Klaus has children with his wife Dörthe Armstroff {{lived|1958}} who was also a member of the NPD, and works as an electrician in Weidenthal.

==In politics== 
===National Democratic Party of Germany===
Ideologically Klaus considers himself a "national revolutionary". He represented the NPD in the district council of {{wpl|Bad Dürkheim}} from 2009 to 2013. Klaus was also part of the {{wpl|Rhineland-Palatinate}} NPD state executive board, leaving the post in 2013. When he stood as a candidate in South Palatinate in the 2013 general election he received 1.3 percent of the vote.<ref>[https://www.abgeordnetenwatch.de/profile/klaus-armstroff/archive/248497 Klaus Armstroff (NPD) Kandidat Bundestag 2013-2017]</ref> 

Klaus was part of the more extreme faction of the NPD, however he left the party after disagreements with the party including with Markus Walter and Ricarda Riefling.

===Third Path===
[[File:Third way demonstration Berlin 2020-10-03 39.jpg|thumb|left|165px|Third Path demonstration in Berlin, 2020]]
The III. Path (German: ''Der III. Weg'', or ''Der Dritte Weg'') is a minor [[far-right]] and neo-Nazi political party in Germany, it was founded on September 28, 2013 in {{wpl|Heidelberg||.}} The founding members were mainly former NPD officials. Klaus was elected national chairman and has led the group since.<ref>[https://www.belltower.news/der-iii-weg-eine-rechtsextreme-kleinstpartei-aus-dem-neonazi-spektrum-37164/ "THE III. WAY " — A far-right mini-party from the neo-Nazi Spectrum]</ref>

The group was then expanded when activists from the banned Free Network South and parts of the free camaraderie joined. They have ties with other far-right groups, including [[Hezbollah]], {{wpl|National Corps||,}} {{wpl|Right Sector||,}} {{wpl|Svoboda (political party)|Svoboda|,}} and the [[Nordic Resistance Movement]]. The party mostly operates in Thuringia, Bavaria and Brandenburg.

==External links==
* [[w:de:Klaus Armstroff|Klaus Armstroff]] on German Wikipedia
* [https://www.foiaresearch.net/person/klaus-armstroff Klaus Armstroff] on foiaresearch.net

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Armstroff, Klaus}}
[[Category:Antisemites]]
[[Category:Cult leaders]]
[[Category:Fascists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Neo-Nazis]]
[[Category:Racists]]

Categories: Antisemites, Cult leaders, Fascists, Living people, Neo-Nazis, Racists
Knights Templar International

{{media}}
'''Knights Templar International''' is a [[far-right]] 'news' organization prevalent as shares on [[Facebook]] gutter pages. As hinted by their name, they claim to be defenders of [[Christianity]] against the [[Eurabia|Muslim invaders]] and haven't quite realised that the Third [[Crusade]] ended a while ago. This hate group is not to be confused with the benign Knights Templar, a [[Freemasonry|Masonic organization]] which completely disavows Knights Templar International.  

==News==
KTI are known for their blatant manipulation of news stories and taking advantage of their followers' prejudices and (un)likelihood of reading past suggestive headlines. One article had them complain of the British Legion being banned from selling poppies at Birmingham city centre (yes [[No-go zone|that Birmingham]]), leading to a backlash of people blaming [[Islam|Muslims]].<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/Exposing0Britain0First/photos/a.1426634540936171.1073741828.1423096294623329/1775244672741821/?type=3 Exposing Britain First].</ref> In reality it was a recycling of a five-year-old story on the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' about the city centre only allowing one [[charity]] group dominance of the centre per day (and lost out to a homeless charity).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120330213628/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/britain-at-war/8762320/British-Legion-banned-from-selling-poppies-in-city-centre.html British Legion banned from selling poppies in city centre].</ref> Most recently, KTI were outed in ''[[The New York Times]]'' for attempting to manipulate the election in the [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/17/world/europe/russia-propaganda-elections.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=first-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0 USA toward Trump] 
==Refugee crisis==
As a response to the [[Syria]]n refugee crisis, they have turned much darker by establishing a militia near the [[Turkish]] border. Intent on preventing safe passage or asylum for refugees.  They have donned camouflage and rifles, donated to them by fellow Hungarian Neo-Nazis and European far-right parties such as [[Britain First]]. Ex-[[Calvinist]] minister [[Jim Dowson]] has come forward as an ardent supporter and has appeared in propaganda publicity shots for the group.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161025003252/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/a-fight-christ-scottish-extremist-9112822 DailyRecord &mdash; 'A fight of Christ': Scottish extremist backs armed thugs who hunt down asylum seekers].</ref>
The actual identities of KTI were confirmed by the anti-hate [http://irbf.org.uk/knights-templar-international-analysis/ group IRBF] as Nick 'BNP' Griffin, Jim 'Britain First' Dowson and pro-life campaigner Imrey Teglasy.

==See also==
*[[Anders Behring Breivik]], who claimed to represent the "Knights Templar"

==References==
{{reflist}}
*https://web.archive.org/web/20161019173342/http://irbf.org.uk/knights-templar-international-analysis

[[Category:Islamophobia]]
[[Category:Terrorist organisations]]

Categories: Islamophobia, Terrorist organisations
Koch's postulates

[[File:Robert Koch BeW.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Robert Koch, here seen posing for a post-postulation photography.]]{{sciencenav}}
{{Sources needed}}
'''Koch's postulates''' are a set of "rules" formulated by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler in 1884 that establish the relationship between a pathogen and a disease.  These were developed early in the history of the [[germ theory of disease]].

To fulfill the original postulates:<ref>[https://www.medicinenet.com/kochs_postulates/definition.htm Medical Definition of Koch's postulates] ''MedicineNet''</ref>

# The microorganism must be found in all organisms suffering from the disease (the original postulates also said "but not in healthy organisms."  Since latency is present in many diseases, this phrase is largely abandoned).
# The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism.
# The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism.
# The microorganism must be re-isolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.
==Koch’s postulates today==
Today, Koch’s postulates are not considered as essential to virology as it once was. Koch himself discovered cases of cholera in healthy individuals, making the claim that viruses are only in sick individuals irrelevant.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3775492/#:~:text=As%20originally%20stated%2C%20the%20four,%3B%20and%20finally%20(4)%20The What does it take to satisfy Koch’s postulates two centuries later? Microbial genomics and Propionibacteria acnes] ''National Institute of Health''</ref>

Modern molecular biology has changed this schema somewhat, and has also allowed for the development of the so-called "molecular Koch's postulates".

These postulates, in their original form, are often used by [[HIV denial|HIV denialists]] to try to show that [[HIV]] does not cause AIDS, and were used to some extent by the [[tobacco]] industry to deny that smoking causes lung [[cancer]] (obviously inappropriate, since there's no microorganism involved). In the case of HIV denialism, HIV does in fact meet the postulates as long as they are not applied in a ridiculously stringent manner. It's further notable that Koch is credited as the father of bacteriology; [[viruses]] were unknown in his time.
==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|Science}}

[[Category:Biology]]

Categories: Biology
Korea

{{fork}}
* '''[[South Korea]]'''
* [[North Korea| '''Real Life 1984''']] (the DPRK - commonly called "North Korea"; AKA literally one of the worst countries ever)
* The '''[[Korean War]]''' of 1950-1953

The '''Korean Peninsula''' is a big thumb that juts out of [[China]]'s butt, also bordering [[Russia]]. Korea is known for its [[ginseng]] and ''[[Recipe:Kimchi jiggae|kimchi]]'', for having a vast majority of top-online Starcraft players, and for a listful of K-Pop girl- and boy-bands (the least being a group of 4). 

Divided into varying kingdoms and jurisdictions throughout history, the peninsula since World War II has supported two separate republics: South Korea and 
[[Kim Jong-un]]'s nuclear addicted country
 North Korea. South and North Korea have long been one country, but suffered from [[Japan]]ese imperialism from 1910 to 1945, and were divided by another imperialism, the [[United States]] and the [[Soviet Union]], in 1945.

Several horrendous events occurred during the brief military occupation of the {{wpl|United States Army Military Government in Korea|United States (미군정)}} and the {{wpl|Soviet Civil Administration|Soviet Union (소비에트 민정청)}}, in which the Soviet Union suppressed or slaughtered North Korea's landlords and non-communists, and the United States also suppressed and even participated in the slaughter by falsely accusing South Korea's democratic socialists and moderate communists of making counterfeit bills ({{wpl|:ko:정판사 위조지폐 사건|정판사 위조지폐 사건}}). The two imperialist countries eventually divided the two Koreas. During this period, the U.S. recycled the ultra-conservative elites who cooperated with the Japanese Empire and suppressed the Korean people, which became an element of great conflict after the founding of South and North Korea in 1948 and would trigger North Korea to invade South Korea in 1950 (See [[Korean War]]).

Since the ceasefire in 1953, there has been virtually no war between South and North Korea, but the war has not been completely concluded. North Korea has threatened peace on the Korean Peninsula by developing nuclear weapons since 2005, and the U.S. also did not try to end the war with North Korea even before it developed nuclear weapons in 2005.
[[Category:Korea| ]]
[[Category:Imperialism]]

Categories: Korea, Imperialism
Kutub al-Sittah

{{scriptures}}
The '''Kutub al-Sittah''' (''the six books'') are the primary [[hadith|ahadith]] collections in [[Sunni]] Islam. They consist of {{wpl|Sahih Bukhari}}, {{wpl|Sahih Muslim}}, {{wpl|Sunan al-Sughra}}, {{wpl|Sunan Abu Dawood}}, {{wpl|Jami al-Tirmidhi}} and {{wpl|Sunan ibn Majah}}.<ref>John L. Esposito (2000). ''The Oxford History of Islam'' p. 74</ref> The collections total tens of thousands of ahadith.

The first two collections, ''Sahih Bukhari'' and ''Sahih Muslim,'' are considered the most authentic; the word ''Sahih'' itself means "authentic." Authenticity decreases for each collection thereafter, although Islamic ''maddhabs'' (schools of religious law or ''[[fiqh]]'') have differed on which of the non-Sahih collections are more or less trustworthy.<ref>Ibn al-Salah (1990). ''`Aishah bint `Abd al-Rahman,'' ed. al-Muqaddimah fi `Ulum al-Hadith. Cairo: Dar al-Ma’aarif. pp. 160–9.</ref>

Some Muslims, notably [[Islam#Denominations|Quranists,]] consider all ahadith to be ''bid'ah'' (prohibited religious innovation), fabricated, or otherwise unacceptable.<ref>[http://eequip.org/islam-sects/quranism/ Quranism]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|Islam|Islam}}

[[Category:Islam]]
[[Category:Scriptures]]

Categories: Islam, Scriptures
Kwanzaa

[[File:Kwanzaa-Myers.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A woman lights a candle in a Kwanzaa kinara.]]
'''Kwanzaa''' is a week-long festival that honors [[African American]] heritage and culture.  It runs from December 26 to January 1 of the following year. 

It was invented by a social activist named {{wpl|Maulana Karenga}} (who was born Ron Everett, but changed his name to something more "Africanesque" later on) in 1966. It was purposely put around the time of [[Christmas]] so people would remember the holiday.  The new traditions were given Swahili names, because Swahili is a relatively easy [[Africa]]n language to access.  However, Swahili is an ''East'' African language while most African-Americans are descended from [[Irony|people taken from ''West'' Africa]].  Celebrants use a [[Judaism|menorah]]-like object called a kinara to hold ceremonial candles as part of the ritual surrounding the holiday.

There are seven principles of Kwanzaa, each with a Swahili name:

*Umoja (unity)
*Kujichagulia (self-determination)
*Ujima (collective work and responsibility)
*Ujamaa ([[Socialism|cooperative economics]])
*Nia (purpose)
*Kuumba (creativity)
*Imani ([[faith]]) 


While many {{who}} have claimed that Kwanzaa, as a made-up holiday, has no significance and should not be observed, it must be remembered that ''all'' holidays are made up. An amusing example is [[Ann Coulter]], who on the one hand believes Kwanzaa was created by an African-American [[FBI]] stooge<ref>[http://humanevents.com/2008/12/24/my-triumph-over-kwanzaa/ She triumphed!]</ref> and thus should be ignored, and on the other hand gets really upset when people point out good ole' [[Saint Nicholas of Myra|Saint Nicholas]] wasn't very white at all<ref>[https://twitter.com/anncoulter/status/415019070824542208 Only white Santa is good enough for Ann.]</ref>, preferring the modern made-up version.

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{stub|culture}}
[[Category:Culture]]
[[Category:Holidays]]

Categories: Culture, Holidays
Kyoto Protocol

{{globalwarmingnav}}
The '''Kyoto Protocol''' is a 1997 international agreement to limit [[greenhouse gas]] emissions, in an effort to curb [[global warming]]. It has been signed and ratified by every country in the world, except the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Afghanistan]], Angola, and South Sudan.<ref>[http://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kpstats.pdf Signatory Nations], ''United Nations Framework on Convention on Climate Change''</ref> (Albeit the latter is understandable since South Sudan didn’t exist yet) The protocol uses a graduated system of modest targets, governed by current emissions and national development, to specify the extent to which each country should lower their emissions. It introduced various flexibility mechanisms, like emissions trading, building an economic system around reducing GHG emissions to try and give it value.

Unfortunately the Kyoto Protocol failed due to countries 
too lazy to get off their butts
 not finding it feasible to comply.<ref>http://www.atmos.washington.edu/2009Q1/111/ATMS111%20Presentations/Folder%201/ChavezM.pdf</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|environmentalism}}

[[Category:Global warming]]
[[Category:International relations]]

Categories: Global warming, International relations