Chemophobia

{{bronze}}{{pseudoscience}}[[File:Butter Chemophobia For Lack of a Better Comic.png|thumb|right|Transcendental Butter ([http://forlackofabettercomic.com/?id=195 For Lack of a Better Comic])]]
{{cquote|There is no acceptable level of any chemical to ingest, ever.|||Vani Hari (the [[Food Babe]]) being [[not even wrong]]<ref>Hari, Vani. ''The Food Babe Way: Break Free from the Hidden Toxins in Your Food and Lose Weight.'' Little, Brown: 2014. p. 40. Quoted in Orac, "[http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2015/02/12/the-food-babe-there-is-just-no-acceptable-level-of-any-chemical-to-ingest-ever/ The Food Babe: 'There is just no acceptable level of any chemical to ingest, ever']." ScienceBlogs: February 12, 2015. This quote was edited in a reprint of the book to indicate more clearly that "chemical" referred to ractopamine. See [https://books.google.com/books?id=JEVABAAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&dq=food%20babe%20way&pg=PT43#v=onepage&q=%22no%20acceptable%20level%22&f=false Google Books version].</ref>}}
'''Chemophobia''' is the fear, distrust, or dislike of anything seen as a "[[chemical]]."  Like various other "[[phobia]]s," its use is non-clinical, as it is not recognized as an actual irrational fear, but rather describes a set of [[prejudice]]s against synthetic chemicals. 

==Which chemicals?==
[[File:Chemical_Analysis_of_Food.png#file|thumb|left|See also the "Chemical Analysis of the Air".]]
{{cquote|Chemical (n.): any substance with a name that cannot be pronounced correctly by a moron on his or her first attempt.|||vertigodrake<ref>[https://www.reddit.com/r/skeptic/comments/5iit4q/because_none_of_these_are_chemicals_s/ Because none of these are chemicals /s] Skeptic Reddit</ref>}}
Since pretty much ''everything'' is a chemical (well, everything cooler than plasma),<ref group=note>Okay, okay, probably not {{wpl|dark matter}} or other forms of energy either. Sheesh.</ref> chemophobia is a somewhat odd condition. However, the word "chemical" in this case does not refer to a "chemical substance" in general, but to two classes of chemicals: synthetic chemicals and hazardous chemicals, which proponents of [[nature woo]] usually confuse with each other. Indeed, chemophobia is specifically a distrust of what people view as "artificial" chemicals – food additives, [[drugs]], pesticides, and so on. This is usually attributed to a lack of trust and knowledge among the public, which is often fueled by [[tabloid]]-based health scares and the occasional [[cyclamate|additive shown to possibly be toxic]]. It is entirely true that there are hazardous chemicals that should not be added to food or consumer products, and some of them have been withdrawn from use. However, chemophobics take this a step further, believing that synthetic chemicals must be hazardous in general.

{{cquote|stabilisers, emulsifiers, gums, lecithin, glucose, a number of different oils… these are the hallmarks of UPF.”||Dr. Van Tulleken}}

Advances in the field of analytical chemistry are also thought to be behind chemophobia, as modern techniques are capable of identifying substances in very low (parts per billion or even trillion) and harmless quantities.

Chemophobia has spawned many [[marketing]] campaigns designed to make the public think certain products are better. Foods or products that are advertised as "100% chemical free"<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20150907194331/http://www.rsc.org/AboutUs/News/PressReleases/2008/ChemicalFree.asp "£1,000,000 for 100% chemical free material?"] ''Royal Society of Chemistry'' (Archived from September 7, 2015)</ref> – besides being nonsense because ''water is a chemical'' – play on and reinforce fears of human-made chemicals, automatically equating them with being bad.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20151026230647/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3172064/There-s-no-thing-chemical-free-food-Video-reveals-idiotic-fad-describing-products-natural-chemical.html There's no such thing as 'chemical-free' food! Video exposes idiotic fad for describing products as being natural or chemical] by Victoria Woollaston (07:01 EST, 23 July 2015). Even the ''Daily Mail'' calls it an "idiotic fad" (archived from October 26, 2015).</ref>

In particularly severe cases, chemophobia may even apply to synthetically-manufactured versions of perfectly harmless and indisputably natural (as far as that can be seriously argued to matter) chemicals like [[raspberry ketone]].<ref group=note>It's like these people think that scientists can't be trusted to do ''literally '''anything''''' without screwing it up and conjuring [[Hell]] on earth… [[War on Science|oh wait…]]</ref>

Side note: There are lots of two-syllable [[toxins]] out there,<ref group=note>{{wpl|Ricin||,}} {{wpl|Sarin||,}} {{wpl|Abrin||,}} {{wpl|Aldrin||,}} {{wpl|Endrine||,}} {{wpl|Arsine||,}} {{wpl|Stibine||,}} Ar… you get the point.</ref> so chemophobes using "Can I pronounce it?" as a criterion for safety may find themselves very dead and/or in violation of the Geneva conventions. For fun, two of those toxins are natural as well...

==Appeal to nature==
{{main|Appeal to nature}}
[[File:Froot-Loops-Cereal-Bowl.jpg|thumb|Froot Loops breakfast cereal contain additives and dyes 'Red 40' and 'Yellow 5' banned in other countries to maintain vivid colours.]]
{{cquote|I don't like 'em putting chemicals in the water that [[Homosexual agenda|turn the friggin' frogs gay]]!|||[[Alex Jones]]<ref>[https://youtu.be/fgKvl5VQVkY Alex Jones: Chemicals in the water are turning "the freaking frogs gay] Right Wing Talk (YouTube)</ref>}}
At the heart of chemophobia is the [[fallacy]] of "appeal to nature". This appeal makes the assumption that anything "natural" is good and anything "unnatural" is bad. As anyone with a knowledge of chemistry will know, the line between natural and unnatural chemicals is a blurred one, or even totally non-existent. Furthermore, there are many natural compounds which are very toxic (such as [[Botox|botulinum toxin]], strychnine, [[lead]] acetate, [[asbestos]], snake and spider venom, cardiac glycosides, cyanide, [[Aristolochia|aristolochic acid]], hexavalent chromium compounds…). The line between safe and unsafe is also not always so clear (due to e.g., individual allergies or risk-benefit analysis), but generally [[the dose makes the poison]], whether natural or synthetic. Chemophobia often is connected to the belief that "natural" chemicals possess some sort of a [[vital force]], which is absent from synthetic chemicals.<ref group=note>Or, to put that in blunter terms, [[War on Science|kooks don't think mainstream science can do ''anything'' right]].</ref> This theory, called "[[vitalism]]", was thoroughly and finally discredited in science by the early 20th century.

Many industrially-important chemicals are produced via natural ([[biological]]) processes, such as fermentation to produce [[ethanol]] and [[monosodium glutamate]], or extracted from plants and [[bacteria]], such as [[caffeine]] extracted from coffee beans. Equally, these substances can be synthesized in a lab and purified in the same way. Despite absolutely no detectable differences between purified natural products and their synthesized counterparts, chemophobia postulates that the "artificial" one is worse. (Perhaps the artificial one suffers from [[water memory]].)  Although there can be environmental or cost issues between the two production methods, this isn't always the case and is mostly irrelevant to the nature of the chemical itself.

Interestingly, many of those who suffer from chemophobia have no problem using synthetic products as long as they are marketed appropriately. For instance, the synthetic (but, more importantly, "alternative") compounds [[Tetrasil]]<ref group=note>A.K.A. silver oxide, which can be toxic when administered in certain ways.</ref> and [[Miracle Mineral Supplement]],<ref group=note>A.K.A. <b>fucking <i>bleach</i></b>, which is just plain toxic!</ref> as well as many others, are regularly used by [[naturopath]]s and others who claim to believe in the superiority of "natural" products. For these customers, what's important in a product is probably not so much whether something really is "natural" as whether it 
has been vigorously marketed to [[Ignorance|ignorant]] and/or [[Credulity|gullible]] [[Fun:Sucker|twits]] by a charismatic [[charlatan]]
 is [[Argumentum ad populum|popular]] in [[alternative medicine]] circles.

==So how do I know what is safe?==
Many ''specific'' chemicals do indeed interfere with healthy biological functions and are deemed toxic. Many organizations around the world track the dangerous properties, and toxic [[the dose makes the poison|dosages]] of substances. In the United States, the leading authority is the National Library of Medicine, which maintains [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubchem], a tool to look up chemical properties by chemical formula, common name, or even freehand drawing the molecule. Reviewing actual data is the best way to find the actual facts; for just one example, the famous [[Food Babe]] "yoga mat" preservative, azodicarbonamide, was not lethally toxic to guinea pigs even after they were fed a substantial fraction of their own body weight of its pure form.<ref name="pubchem azodicarbonamide">[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5462814#section=Toxicity Azodicarbonamide | C2H4N4O2 - Pubchem]</ref>

==Further reading==
*''Ultra-Processed People: Why Do We All Eat Stuff That Isn’t Food … and Why Can’t We Stop?'' (2023) Dr. Chris Van Tulleken [[Special:Booksources/978-1529900057|ISBN 978-1529900057]], a book about actual scientific studies into human health and food ingredients synthesized in a manufacturing process rather than occurring 'in nature'.

==See also==
{{collist|3|
*[[Aluminum]]
*[[Aspartame]]
*[[Chemtrails]]
*[[Cyclamate]]
*[[E number]]
*[[Detox]]
*[[Fun:Dihydrogen monoxide]]
*[[Genetically modified food]]
*[[High-fructose corn syrup]]
*[[Mercury]]
*[[Monosodium glutamate]]
*[[Water fluoridation]]
}}

==External links==
*[http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2015/02/12/the-food-babe-there-is-just-no-acceptable-level-of-any-chemical-to-ingest-ever/ The Food Babe: "There is just no acceptable level of any chemical to ingest, ever"], [[Orac]]
*[http://www.senseaboutscience.org.uk/pdf/MakingSenseofChemicalStories.pdf Sense About Science &mdash; Making Sense of Chemical Stories (pdf)]
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2001/sep/06/medicalscience.healthandwellbeing Everything gives you cancer] (well, [[The dose makes the poison|sort of]])
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
==References==
{{reflist|2|90%}}
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[[Category:Chemicals| ]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]
[[Category:Chemophobes| ]]
[[Category:Nature woo]]
[[Category:Toxins]]

Categories: Chemicals, Chemistry, Chemophobes, Nature woo, Toxins