Ley line

[[File:Alfred Watkins - Map of two leys.jpg|thumb|right|165px|One of Watkins' maps]]
{{newage}}
'''Ley lines''' are supposed geometrical [[Subtle energy|energy]] lines that lie under the [[Earth]]. Our ancient ancestors<ref group=note>Generally, the Neolithic cultures of England and Northwestern Europe</ref> [[Appeal_to_ancient_wisdom|supposedly knew about them]], and placed neolithic sites such as [[Stonehenge]] and Newgrange directly on these ley lines, connecting the monuments to ''The Energy'' and to each other.

==History==
[[File:Malvern Hills in June 2005.JPG|thumb|left|165px|This ridge is the site of an alleged ley line]]
[[United Kingdom|British]] [[archaeologist]]s in the early 20<sup>th</sup> century, particularly Alfred Watkins, author of ''The Old Straight Track'', suggested that ancient roads or paths ran in straight lines connecting ancient religious sites around [[Britain]]. Watkins believed that these were simply roads, not flows of energy. He argued that natural features such as hilltops had been utilised as route markers and that further religious sites had developed along, or at the intersections of, these alleged [[pilgrimage]] routes. He claimed that structures such as pre-Christian burial mounds and early [[Christian]] churches could be found located along alignments connecting major prehistoric sites such as Stonehenge, Avebury, etc. This was in itself a rational [[hypothesis]]. If Stonehenge and other megaliths were religious sites, travel routes connecting them would not be surprising. People could have made pilgrimages from one megalith to the other following some sacred route. However, the existence of these paths was disputed because:
*The suggested routes would often have been impractical as paths, since they disregarded landscape features and so attempts to follow them would have led to needless hill climbs, river crossings, etc.; some passed through marshes or over crags.
*Features such as burial mounds and churches are so common in [[England]] that it is to be expected that some would coincidentally lie on lines drawn between other features.
*Many alignments that were claimed were found by laying a straight edge on a 1:63360 scale (1 inch:1 mile) map, and were proven not to be accurate when tested on smaller scale maps. For instance, the conventional map symbol for a church took up more space on the map than real churches did on the ground, leading to lines which missed them by 50 meters or so, and only appearing on the map to be 'direct hits'.

Critics argued these alignments simply resulted from [[Pattern recognition|the perception for those who are looking for a pattern]].

Nevertheless, the concept of ley lines has been seized by [[occult]]ists, [[New Age]]rs, [[Neopagan]]s, [[dowsing|dowsers]], [[Ufology|ufologists]] and others, who claim that they are in fact invisible lines of [[mysticism|mystic]] or natural energy, and that places where ley lines converge or intersect are especially powerful or eventful locations. Ley line theories also commonly feature in [[fantasy]] novels.

[[File:Glastonbury Tor.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Glastonbury Tor]]
Proponents of 'Earth energy flows' at some point abandoned the original concept of straight lines (for some unspecified reason) and claimed the existence of curved lines of alleged energy flows, such as the 'Michael line' and 'Mary line' which are alleged to intersect at Glastonbury Tor.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/somerset/content/articles/2005/09/14/earth_energies_in_glastonbury_feature.shtml Earth energies in Glastonbury] by Helen Otter, ''BBC''.</ref>

==Parodies and absurdity==
[[File:Fooimage.png|thumb|left|165px|London pizza restaurant 5-point "ley lines"]]
The absurd nature of ley lines can be demonstrated in numerous ways. A process similar to most New Age ley line enthusiasts was applied by math lecturer Matt Parker in 2009 to work out where Woolworths stores would have been in the far, far past of 2008.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120511045049/http://bengoldacre.posterous.com/did-aliens-play-a-role-in-woolworths Locations of Ancient Woolworths Stores follow Precise Geometrical Pattern]</ref> For History Hack Day 2011, web author Tom Scott developed a tool to demonstrate that anywhere in England could be said to fall on three mysterious ley lines &mdash; including at least one that passes through [[Stonehenge]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120426052647/http://www.tomscott.com/ley/ The Magical Mystery Ley Line Locator]</ref> In short, if you ignore the misses and [[selective reporting|selectively report]] your hits, you can make [[magic]] ley lines out of anything.
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==See also==
*[[Druid]]
*[[Feng shui]]
*[[Stonehenge]]
*[[Tripe]]
*[[Ramsey theory]]
*[[Meridians#Geography|Meridians]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Geography]]
[[category:New Age]]
[[Category:Paganism]]
[[category:Pseudoarchaeology]]
[[category:pseudoscience]]

Categories: Geography, New Age, Paganism, Pseudoarchaeology, pseudoscience