Pandeism

[[File:Godpanda.jpg|thumb|Pandeism is not like this.]]{{Religion}}
'''Pandeism''' is a belief system that can be seen as a combination of [[deism]], where the creator of the universe takes no part in its operation, and [[pantheism]], where the [[Creator]] and the universe are one and the same. Pandeism suggests that this Creator (not necessarily a currently worshiped deity) made the universe by becoming the universe.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, combining two ideas without any evidential backing does not actually result in another hypothesis which has any more evidence than the two previous ones upon which it is based.

==How does it "work"?==
Pandeists contend that their hypothesis is a response to obvious problems with both deism and pantheism — namely that deism doesn't explain why a creator would create and then abandon the universe: and pantheism does not explain where the universe/god originates. Like some pantheists, pandeists see nature and the Creator as synonymous, and hope that scientific inquiry might somehow reveal the mechanisms by which the universe/god operates.

Two hypotheses have been formulated in an attempt to imagine the motive behind some creator forming the universe from itself:

*The first posits that the god thing had a desire to experience existence through separate entities, a feat which could only be accomplished in a universe capable of generating ordered complexity, ranging from subatomic particles forming atoms to the evolution of intelligence. Pandeists contend that this creator conceded its consciousness upon the creation of the universe, which means the pandeist god is not aware of human suffering. Such a creator, Pandeists would maintain, does not need to be aware of the experience of the Universe while it is happening, and indeed cannot be aware of this experience because it has fully become the Universe itself. Instead, the supposed Creator is only able to process the experience of the Universe once the Universe itself has ended, and the Creator has been restored to its original state.
*A second idea proposed at various times and most famously developed by cartoonist Scott Adams in ''God's Debris'' places God as an omnipotent being who was not driven by human preconceptions. It contends that, by the quality of omniscience, the pandeist god could peer into its own future, thus having its decisions predetermined. Because the only conceivable motivation a colossus like this could have is a challenge to its power, the only thing that remained to be tested was its omniscience -- would its abilities include knowledge of everything after its destruction, or would its knowledge come to an end? Thus this god orchestrated its abolition through the Big Bang so that it may live on as a conscious entity in its creation, should it succeed in its endeavor.

Due to the fact that it is difficult to discern between a god that is absent and a god that does nothing, trying to determine if it lost its consciousness or not is a futile exercise. Indeed, it is difficult to imagine how a universe in which Pandeism were true would differ from one in which it were not.

==Does anyone take this seriously?==
Pandeism has been classed as a logical derivation of German philosopher [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]]'s proposition that ours was the [[best of all possible worlds]].<ref name="Lane">{{Cite journal | last = Lane | first = William C. | date = January 2010 |title = Leibniz's Best World Claim Restructured | url = https://philpapers.org/archive/LANLBW.pdf | journal = American Philosophical Journal | publisher = | volume = 47 | issue = 1 | pages = 57–84 | doi = | accessdate = 19 May 2025}}</ref> In 2010, author William C. Lane contended that:

{{quote|If divine becoming were complete, God's ''{{wpl|kenosis}}''--God's self-emptying for the sake of love--would be total. In this ''pandeistic'' view, nothing of God would remain separate and apart from what God would become. Any separate divine existence would be inconsistent with God's unreserved participation in the lives and fortunes of the actualized phenomena."<ref name="Lane"/>}}

Acknowledging that American religious philosopher {{wpl|William Rowe}} has raised "a powerful, evidential argument against ethical theism," Lane further contended that pandeism offers an escape from the evidential [[argument from evil]]:

{{quote|However, it does not count against pandeism. In pandeism, God is no superintending, heavenly power, capable of hourly intervention into earthly affairs. No longer existing "above," God ''cannot'' intervene from above and cannot be blamed for failing to do so. Instead God ''bears'' all suffering, whether the fawn's<ref group=note>{{wpl |William Rowe}} used, as an example of needless suffering, a fawn horribly burned in a forest fire and unable to move, yet suffering for additional days before its death.</ref> or anyone else's.

Even so, a [[skeptic]] might ask, "Why must there be ''so'' much suffering? Why could not the world's design omit or modify the events that cause it?" In pandeism, the reason is clear: to remain unified, a world must convey information through transactions. Reliable conveyance requires relatively simple, uniform laws. Laws designed to skip around suffering-causing events or to alter their natural consequences (i.e., their consequences under simple laws) would need to be vastly complicated or (equivalently) to contain numerous exceptions.<ref name="Lane"/>}}

Various books and articles have been written on Pandeism, and the view has been reflected in writings of people as diverse as science fiction author [[Robert A. Heinlein]]<ref name="DS">Dan Schneider, [http://www.hackwriters.com/strangerH.htm ''Review of Stranger In A Strange Land (The Uncut Version), by Robert A. Heinlein''] (7/29/05).</ref> and professional basketball coach Phil Jackson.<ref>"For Bulls coach, God is no game", ''Chicago Tribune'' (April 27, 1990), B8.</ref> Heinlein postulated through one book:

{{quote|God split himself into a myriad parts that he might have friends. This may not be true, but it sounds good—and is no sillier than any other theology.<ref>[[Robert A. Heinlein]], Aphorisms of Lazarus Long, in "Time Enough for Love" (1978 [1973]), page 216.</ref>}}

==Evidence in favor of Pandeism==
{{tumbleweed}}
Readers will notice a big white space or a lot of [[Hand-wave|handwaving]] here.

==See also==
*[[Theism]] (god exists and intervenes in the world)
*[[Deism]] (god created the world but no longer intervenes in it)
*[[Pantheism]] (god is in everything material)
*[[Panentheism]] (god is in everything material, but is more than that)
*[[Atheism]] (there is no god)

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Pandeism]]
[[Category:pantheism]]
[[Category:religion]]

Categories: Pandeism, pantheism, religion