John Roberts

[[File:Official roberts CJ.jpg|thumb|165px|Official portrait of the Chief Justice.]]{{law}}
{{cquote|I do think the rule of law is threatened by a steady term-after-term focus on five–four decisions. I think the Court is also ripe for a similar refocus on functioning as an institution because if it doesn’t, it’s going to lose its credibility.|||Chief Justice John Roberts<ref name="new-rep"/>}}
'''John Roberts''' is the current Chief Justice of the [[Supreme Court of the United States]]. President [[George W. Bush]] nominated him to be an Associate Justice to the Court in 2005. After the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist in September of that year, he was renominated by President Bush to be Chief Justice. He is also a former member of The [[Heritage Foundation]].{{cn}}

Despite the characterization of him by [[Ted Cruz]] as a "liberal,"<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/brianne-j-gorod/ted-cruz-on-john-roberts_b_8159416.html Ted Cruz on John Roberts: Why Let the Facts Get in the Way?] by Brianne J. Gorod (Posted: 09/18/2015 12:02 pm EDT Updated: 09/18/2015 12:59 pm EDT) ''Huffington Post''.</ref> he is generally considered to be a member of [[conservative]] wing the Court.<ref>Adam Liptak, [http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/25/us/25roberts.html?_r=1&hp=&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1280031003-IhmBOL5/YE4siKRmrdcX8Q "Court Under Roberts Is Most Conservative in Decades"], ''[[New York Times|NYT]]''.</ref> He is, however, much more conciliatory than Justice [[Samuel Alito]], and late Justice [[Antonin Scalia]]. Unlike Justice [[Clarence Thomas]], he cares about the image of the Court in the public imagination and desires to restore the bipartisan legitimacy of the Court. (See his quote above.) He is much more moderate than what ideologues from either side of the political spectrum describe him to be.<ref name="new-rep">[https://newrepublic.com/article/104898/john-roberts-supreme-court-aca Big Chief]. ''The New Republic''. July 13, 2012.</ref>
<!-- Chief Justice Roberts is the 4<sup>th</sup> piece of Conservative Banc, often a majority when Justice [[Anthony Kennedy]] votes towards his more conservative bent. -->

As reported in ''[[the New York Times]]'', Roberts represented Discover Card before being appointed to the SCOTUS and was unsuccessful in getting the Court to uphold mandatory arbitration clauses (class-action bans) in contracts with consumers, but voted in favor of such bans as Chief Justice.<ref>Jessica Silver-Greenberg and Robert Gebeloff, [http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/01/business/dealbook/arbitration-everywhere-stacking-the-deck-of-justice.html?action=click&contentCollection=DealBook&module=RelatedCoverage&region=Marginalia&pgtype=article "Arbitration Everywhere, Stacking the Deck of Justice - Read the Fine Print, Part 1"], ''NYT''.</ref><ref>See {{wpl|AT%26T_Mobility_v._Concepcion|AT&T Mobility v. Concepcion.}}</ref> The Times reports arbitrators can and have used the [[Bible]] as the basis for their decision.<ref>Silver-Greenberg and Gebeloff, [http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/03/business/dealbook/in-religious-arbitration-scripture-is-the-rule-of-law.html "In Religious Arbitration, Scripture Is the Rule of Law - Read the Fine Print, Part 3"], ''NYT''</ref>

In 2010, Roberts wrote the majority (5-4) opinion in ''[[Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission]]'' striking down part of the McCain-Feingold Act of 2002 and upholding [[freedom of speech]] for [[corporation]]s.<ref>https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/08-205.ZC.html</ref> In 2012 he was the key vote in upholding (most of) President [[Obama]]'s [[Affordable Care Act]].

With Kennedy's retirement in 2018, and his controversial<ref name="PBS">[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/what-kavanaughs-confirmation-means-for-the-future-of-the-supreme-court What Kavanaugh’s confirmation means for the future of the Supreme Court]. PBS Newshour. October 6, 2018.</ref> replacement [[Brett Kavanaugh]] all but certain to have a more conservative record than his predecessor, it is likely that Roberts will be the Supreme Court's new swing vote for the time being.<ref name="The Washington Post">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/06/27/chief-justice-john-roberts-is-now-the-supreme-courts-swing-vote/?utm_term=.7babf38405c9 Chief Justice John Roberts is now the Supreme Court’s swing vote]. Christopher Ingraham. June 27, 2018.</ref>

In late 2018, [[Donald Trump]] called a judge from the 9th Circuit<ref group="note">The 9th Circuit, the largest of federal appellate courts, covers Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon and Washington.</ref> who rejected his migrant asylum policy an "Obama judge." This prompted Chief Justice John Roberts to respond, "We do not have Obama judges or Trump judges, Bush judges or Clinton judges." Roberts then added one day before Thanksgiving, "The independent judiciary is something we should all be thankful for."<ref name="AP-John"/> Such a dispute between the heads of the executive and judiciary branches is exceedingly rare, but not unprecedented. President [[Barack Obama]] criticized the Supreme Court in his 2010 State of the Union Address. When asked about it, Roberts said the criticisms were very troubling.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2018/11/22/670237413/in-a-rare-move-chief-justice-roberts-criticizes-president-trump In A Rare Move, Chief Justice Roberts Criticizes President Trump]. NPR. November 22, 2018.</ref> However, Roberts has generally avoided dipping his toes into political discourse. Nevertheless, in light of the appointment of Justice Brett Kavanaugh, Roberts and some of his colleagues have taken steps to combat the perception that the Supreme Court is politically divided between conservatives and liberals and that judges are loyal to the Presidents who appointed them.<ref name="AP-John">[https://www.apnews.com/c4b34f9639e141069c08cf1e3deb6b84 Roberts, Trump spar in extraordinary scrap over judges]. Associated Press. November 21, 2018.</ref>

In 2022, Roberts voted with the majority opinion to nullify ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' in the ''Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization'' case.

==See also==
*[[As-applied challenge]]
*''[[Burwell v. Hobby Lobby]]''
*[[Corporate personhood]]
*[[Defense of Marriage Act]]
*''[[Gonzales v. Carhart]]''

==Notes==
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==References==
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[[Category:United States Supreme Court Justices]]

Categories: Catholics, Judges, Lawyers, Living people, Moderate Republicans, Theocracy, United States Constitution, United States law, United States Supreme Court Justices