Faraday cage

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[[File:Cage de Faraday.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Safe inside a Faraday cage]]
A '''Faraday cage''' is really any object made of a conducting material that is hollow in some manner. The laws that govern our understanding of electricity and magnetism state that "for any object made of a conducting material, the [[electric field]] at any point inside that object is [[zero]]" The same law mentions other things (like the field being normal to the outside of the object at any point), but really the only thing you need to know is that you can't get shocked if you are inside a Faraday cage while it is being zapped.

Pretty much the easiest demonstration of a Faraday cage would be an elevator car.

==Practical applications==
[[File:MW on fire.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Unsafe usage of a microwave oven]]
Placing a grounded wire mesh into the walls of a building provides a secure environment for computers where it is impossible to read the signals from a keyboard remotely. Radio and mobile telephone are also unusable.

The cooking area of a [[microwave oven]] is surrounded by a Faraday cage. This keeps nearly all of the [[Microwave|microwave radiation]] from escaping. It's also why there's that annoying metal grid in the glass door which makes it harder to see your food.

When you're on call, keep your phone in easy hearing range and safe from harm! The microwave is a particularly safe place and protects it from incoming calls too.

Faraday cages are actually woven into the clothes of some power linemen, especially the "hot hands" variety,<ref group=note>This means that they work on live power lines without special insulating tools.</ref> and this allows them to perform maintenance on live power lines without the need to shut off power. Theoretically speaking, these suits would allow the lineman to take an infinite amount of current and suffer no harm, although practically speaking, the suit would burn after a certain point.

Schools, libraries, prisons, churches, hospitals, and other institutions that view(ed) wireless devices as useless inconveniences often build Faraday Cages into the walls of their buildings to 
protect patrons from [[5G]]
 
save patrons from harmful [[cell phone radiation]]
 keep people off of their phones.

==Source of confusion==
The best material for a Faraday cage is highly conductive (of electricity, not heat). So [[gold]], {{wpl|silver||,}} or {{wpl|copper}} if [[money]] is no object, [[aluminum]] for the econo lab (presumably aluminium only works in the [[UK]]). [[Lead]] is not suitable, although it is weakly conductive. Lead linings in e.g. hospital radiology labs are a quite different thing. They are for screening [[ionizing radiation]], not radio waves. In this case, the preferred material has high ''density'', and its ''conductivity'' is a secondary consideration. So when, for example, [[Mike Bara]] wrote on page 139 of ''The Choice'' that Faraday cages are made of lead, [[Fractal wrongness|he was, as usual, wrong]].

==Origins==
The first Faraday cage was made in 1836 by {{wpl|Michael Faraday||,}} a highly influential scientist largely responsible for making electricity a viable technology.<ref>https://www.juliantrubin.com/bigten/faradaycageexperiments.html</ref> It was quite a simple design; a room covered in metal foil in order to allow high-voltage discharges from a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_generator generator] that would hit the outside of the room without harming anyone or anything inside.<ref>https://www.famousscientists.org/michael-faraday/</ref>

==See also==
*[[Tin-foil hat]]

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==Notes==
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==References==
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[[Category:Science]]
[[Category:Physics]]

Categories: Science, Physics