State terrorism

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'''State terrorism''' is a form of [[terrorism]] specifically used (officially or otherwise) by a standing [[government]] against its own people or others, in order to terrorize them into submission. This is distinct from state-sponsored terrorism, in that state-sponsored terrorism still depends upon non-governmental groups to carry it out, even while it is supported (usually secretly) by a state. 

The concept of state terrorism was first identified by [[Noam Chomsky]] and Edward Herman in the late 1970s. It remains a very controversial idea in [[international relations]], as the definition of terrorism usually involves it being committed by non-governmental actors. "State terrorism" is hard to distinguish, then, from regular military or law enforcement activity in any repressive regime.

Opponents of the concept argue that "terrorism" does not apply to governments, and that actions which are deemed state terrorism, such as targeting civilians in [[war]]time, falls under the definition of [[war crimes]] or [[human rights]] violations instead, with including them diluting the term. Proponents, on the other hand, argue that it is [[Hypocrisy|hypocritical]] to simply exclude government actions that otherwise qualify. 

There is no one internationally accepted definition of terrorism. Many legal definitions of terrorism, such as in US law, apply it only to non-state actors. However, the origin of the word was derived from the Reign of Terror in France from 1793-94, during which the revolutionary Jacobin regime killed and imprisoned thousands of their real or perceived opponents, with the explicit purpose of terrorizing all "counter-revolutionaries" into surrender. This was called "terrorism" by critics in Britain, and Jacobin revolutionaries were labeled "terrorists", the origin of the terms.

Events which have been viewed as state terrorism include the [[atomic bombings]] of [[Hiroshima and Nagasaki]], the Allied [[bombing of Dresden]] and the [[List of atrocities cited by Holocaust deniers#Dresden, Hiroshima, and other atrocities by Western Allies|firebombing of Tokyo]], [[Nazi]] bombings of [[London]] and Guernica,<ref group=note>Which, out of the four, is distinguished by the stated aim of the attack — a bridge — being more or less the only thing ''left standing'' after the attack.</ref> anti-communist [[CIA]] operations in [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]], the {{wpl|Rape of Nanking|Nanking Massacre}} and [[Unit 731]] by Imperial Japan, as well as acts of [[totalitarian]] states such as [[Nazi Germany]], Fascist Italy,<ref group=note>Especially their conduct in the war with Ethiopia.</ref> the [[Soviet Union]], [[People's Republic of China|China]], the [[Khmer Rouge]], and other dictatorships. [[Israeli]] operations in Qibya on October 15th, 1953 left 66 dead, mostly women/children, and Sabra/Shakili in Lebanon, September 16th, 1982 killed as many as 3000, mostly women/children.<ref>http://www.ifamericaknew.org/history/terrorism.html</ref><ref>https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/arts-letters/articles/israel-original-terrorist-state</ref> Israel has been accused of state terrorism, including by the Obama Administration,<ref>http://nation.foxnews.com/2015/10/14/obama-admin-accuses-israel-terrorism</ref> the Jordanian parliament,<ref>http://www.timesofisrael.com/jordans-parliament-accuses-israeli-enemy-of-state-terrorism/</ref> and the president of Bolivia.<ref>http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/07/30/bolivia-israel-terrorist-state/13384989/</ref>

==Notes==
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==References==
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[[Category:War]]
[[Category:War crimes]]

Categories: War, War crimes