The Spectator

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'''''The Spectator''''' is a [[British]] [[right-wing]] magazine edited by Michael Gove since October 2024.

Although early in its history, it supported the [[Liberal Party#British Liberal Party|Liberal Party]], since the 1950s, it has been closely linked to the British [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], initially on the moderate wing, but more recently moving much further right.

In recent years, it has featured controversial journalists including [[Boris Johnson]] (later prime minister), [[Taki]], and [[Toby Young]].

It shouldn't be confused with {{wpl|The American Spectator|''The American Spectator''|,}} a conservative American magazine.

==History==
Although it is unconnected with the historic [[Enlightenment]] daily ''{{wpl|The Spectator (1711)|The Spectator}}'' founded by Joseph Addison and Richard Steele in 1711, ''The Spectator'' still has a very long history. It dates back to 1828 and Scottish publisher Robert Stephen Rintoul; initially, he intended it to be a "family paper", free from polemic, but it soon got involved in the campaign that led to the 1832 Great Reform Act, and it opposed the First [[Opium]] War.<ref>{{wpa|The Spectator}}</ref>

In 1858, it was bought by James McHenry and Benjamin Moran, two Americans, who redirected it in support of then-[[President of the United States]] [[James Buchanan]], as well as the [[Democratic Party]] who had attempted to fudge over the issue of [[slavery]], cheerleading him in the run up to the 1860 election won by [[Abraham Lincoln]].<ref name=butterfield/> Around this time, it hired {{wpl|Leigh Hunt}} as a celebrity columnist. There are rumours it was also funded or secretly owned by then-Emperor of France {{wpl|Napoleon III||,}} publishing a lot of pro-[[France]] material around 1860.<ref name=butterfield>[https://www.historytoday.com/history-matters/press-mess The Press in a Mess], David Butterfield, History Today, Volume 70 Issue 5 May 2020</ref> However, it supported the Union in the [[American Civil War]], contrary to the British upper classes' support for the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]]. In the late 19<sup>th</sup> and early 20<sup>th</sup> centuries, the magazine was radically [[Liberal Party|Liberal]] and pro-[[free trade]]. In 1924, it was sold to Evelyn Wrench, and in the 1930s, although it opposed [[fascism]], it supported [[Neville Chamberlain]]'s policy of [[appeasement]].

Ownership and editorship in 1954 passed to Ian Gilmour, later a moderate Conservative politician known for his opposition to [[Margaret Thatcher]]; it opposed [[capital punishment]] and the Suez invasion and supported legalisation of [[homosexuality]] while generally being aligned to the liberal wing of the Conservative Party, with politicians such as Iain Macleod contributing.

In 1975, it was bought by Henry Keswick, a businessman whose family had a long history of trading in [[Hong Kong]]. With Alexander Chancellor as editor, it engaged famous writers including fogeyish humorist Auberon Waugh, distinguished war correspondent Richard West, notorious drunkard Jeffrey Bernard. Editorship then passed to Charles Moore (later of the ''Sunday Telegraph'') and then Dominic Lawson, son of Tory Chancellor Nigel. In 1994, it published a controversial article "Kings of the Deal" by William Cash which claimed that Jews ran Hollywood, attracting allegations of [[antisemitism]].<ref>[https://newcriterion.com/issues/1995/2/filthy-is-as-filthy-does Filthy is as filthy does], New Criterion, February 1995</ref>

In the era of [[Tony Blair]], it tilted briefly towards New Labour under the editorship of Frank Johnson, but his replacement in 1999 was a more controversial figure: [[Boris Johnson]] (no relation). Boris left in 2005 to further his political career, and was replaced by Matthew d'Ancona, who in 2009 was succeeded by Fraser Nelson, who remained editor until early October 2024. Nelson launched an American edition digitally in 2018 and on paper in 2019. In 2004, it was bought by David and Frederick Barclay, who also own the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' and ''Sunday Telegraph'' (David Barclay died in January 2021).<ref>{{wpa|David and Frederick Barclay}}</ref> In 2024, the magazine was bought by hedge fund manager Paul Marshall for £100 million, and Michael Gove succeeded Nelson as editor in October that year.

==Controversies==
While the magazine has long been right-wing, and has had a certain amount of racist shock material since at least the 1970s, it has since around 2000 gone in pursuit of political [[extremism]], rejecting its old conservative values in favour of [[identitarian]] politics and an embrace of [[alt-right]] values in a [[culture war]] against immigrants, Europeans, and liberals. As Panjak Mishra wrote in 2017:
{{quotebox|The ''Spectator'', once suavely edited, now serves as a [[fraternity]] house for Douglas Murray, Toby Young, James Delingpole and Rod Liddle; [[Islamophobia|pummelling Muslims]] and high-fiving on [[Brexit]], these right-wing bros are to the posh periodicals what Jeremy Clarkson was to the [[BBC]].<ref>[https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v39/n18/pankaj-mishra/what-is-great-about-ourselves What Is Great about Ourselves], Panjak Mishra, London Review of Books, Vol. 39 No. 18. 21 September 2017</ref>}}

Ian Buruma said of the change:
{{quotebox|It used to be [[libertarian]], cheeky. Now it’s like the ''[[Daily Mail]]''. The difference is, I suppose, that its old spirit came from superiority. Now it comes from resentment and disappointment.<ref name=jacobson/>}}
Gavin Jacobson added:
{{quotebox|The ''Spectator'' has become a sounding board for resentment, amplifying the catastrophist mentality that has gripped the right in Britain and the US.<ref name=jacobson/>}}

===Taki Theodoracopulos===
The [[racist]] [[Taki|Taki Theodoracopulos]] began writing for the magazine in 1977.<ref name="Indy2011">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/press/what-s-point-taki-if-he-isn-t-offensive-any-more-1974383.html "What's the point of Taki if he isn't offensive any more?"], ''The Independent'', 23 October 2011</ref> On appointment, a question posed by other media outlets for new editors of the magazine was whether they intended to sack Taki, but he lasted for five proprietors and seven editors.<ref name="Indy2011" /> In 2003, under Boris Johnson's editorship, it was investigated by the crown prosecution service to see if an article by Taki violated section 19 of the Public Order Act; Taki complained about "black thugs" who "multiply like flies" and praised [[Enoch Powell]], and the dispute led to black lawyer and judge {{wpl|Peter Herbert (lawyer)|Peter Herbert}} receiving death threats.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2003/feb/28/uk.pressandpublishing Spectator and its Tory MP editor may face charges over Taki race rant], The Guardian, 28 Feb 2003</ref>

In 2018, ''The Spectator'' published an article by Taki that praised the Wehrmacht (who, in case you're historically oblivious, were the soldiers of [[Nazi Germany]]). The original headline/subheadline of the article read: "In praise of Wehrmacht: The real story of D-Day is the heroism of the [[German]] soldiers who were vastly outnumbered but fought nobly and to the death." This was later swapped out for something less obviously fascistic yet still offering wonderful [[false balance]]: "The other side of D-Day".<ref>[https://www.jewishnews.co.uk/spectator-publishes-article-calling-nazis-heroes-of-d-day/ "Spectator publishes article calling Nazis heroes of D-Day"]. ''The Jewish News''.</ref><ref>James Walker (April 5, 2019). [https://pressgazette.co.uk/news/spectator-editor-fraser-nelson-claims-power-of-editors-comically-overstated-in-500th-issue-under-his-editorship/ "Spectator editor Fraser Nelson claims power of editors 'comically overstated' in 500th issue under his editorship"]. ''The Press Gazette''.</ref> Even [[RT]], a [[Putin]] asset, [[Stopped clock|wasn't amused]], and pointed out that this was a pattern: another article that Taki had written in 2007 for ''The Spectator'' read: "In praise of [[Mussolini]]".<ref>(May 17, 2018). [https://www.rt.com/uk/427025-spectator-nazism-d-day-taki/ "'In praise of the Wehrmacht' - Twitter outrage at sneaky Spectator Nazi army headline swap"]. RT.</ref><ref>Taki (September 22, 2007). [https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/in-praise-of-mussolini/ "In praise of Mussolini"]. ''The Spectator''.</ref> Taki has also written multiple articles in defense of [[Golden Dawn]], a Greek neo-Nazi party that was later declared a criminal organization by the Greek government, in a case that has been compared to the [[Nuremberg trials]].<ref>Alex Andreou (August 10, 2015). [https://byline.com/2015/08/10/golden-dawn-definitely-not-nazis-photos-confirm/ "Golden Dawn definitely not Nazis, photos confirm"]. ''Byline''.</ref><ref>Chris York (July 23, 2013). [https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2013/07/23/taki-theodoracopulos-golden-dawn-spectator-_n_3640139.html "Spectator Article Defending Greece's Golden Dawn By Taki Theodoracopulos Causes Uproar"]. ''The Huffington Post''.</ref><ref>Georgios Samaras (November 26, 2020). [https://theconversation.com/the-end-of-golden-dawn-has-greece-shown-us-how-to-deal-with-neo-nazis-150239 "The end of Golden Dawn: has Greece shown us how to deal with neo-Nazis?"]. ''The Conversation''.</ref>

Taki's contributions to the magazine ended (or rather became very occasional) after he was convicted in Switzerland in 2023 of an attempted rape (in 2009) and was given a 12-month sentence suspended for two years.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/05/taki-theodoracopulos-given-12-month-suspended-sentence-for-attempted "Taki Theodoracopulos given 12-month suspended sentence for attempted rape"], ''The Guardian'', 5 October 2023</ref>

===Charles Moore===
It was criticised in 2015 when Charles Moore wrote an article questioning whether Yvette Cooper and Liz Kendall were pretty enough to lead the [[Labour Party]], which was seen as somewhat [[sexist]] if not [[misogynistic]], as it didn't apply similar standards to Andy Burnham and Ed Balls.<ref>[https://www.itv.com/news/2015-08-23/spectator-under-fire-over-sexist-article-on-liz-kendall-and-yvette-cooper-looks Spectator magazine under fire for article on Liz Kendall's and Yvette Cooper's looks], ITV News, 23 August 2015</ref>

===Boris Johnson===
{{main|Boris Johnson}}
Britain's lovably dishevelled future prime minister edited ''The Spectator'' from 1999-2005. There were various controversies in this period. Johnson was known for his womanising, earning the publication the nickname ''The Sextator'', including an extra-marital affair with colleague Petronella Wyatt which resulted in one [[abortion]] and one [[miscarriage]]. When challenged about this by the Conservative Party leader, Michael Howard,, he lied; when he was proven to have lied, Howard sacked him.<ref>Sarah Left [https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/nov/15/pressandpublishing.conservativeparty "Besieged Johnson denies misleading Howard"], ''The Guardian'', 15 November 2004</ref> Toby Young and Lloyd Evans wrote a play called ''Who's The Daddy?'' about the scandal, to mixed reviews.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/jul/21/boris-johnson-route-to-number-10 "The 10 ages of Boris Johnson: a guide to his road to power"], ''The Guardian'', 21 July 2019</ref><ref>Suzanne Moore [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/sep/07/boris-johnson-wife-affair-tories-party-cheat-liar "For Boris Johnson’s wife, it’s one affair too many. But his party doesn’t care"], ''The Guardian'', 7 September 2018</ref><ref>Michael Billington [https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2005/jul/26/theatre Who's the Daddy?"], ''The Guardian, 26 July 2005</ref>

He annoyed the entire population of Liverpool when ''The Spectator'' accused the city of wallowing in victimhood over incidents such as the deaths of 96 football fans at Hillsborough in Sheffield and the murder of British engineer Ken Bigley by [[Islamist terrorism|Islamist terrorists]]. The remarks were in an editorial by Simon Heffer, but Johnson as the editor was forced to apologise after criticism by Michael Howard.<ref>{{wpa|Kidnapping and murder of Kenneth Bigley}}</ref><ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/in-one-article-boris-manages-to-offend-an-entire-city-shy-and-his-boss-543923.html In one article, Boris manages to offend an entire city & and his boss], Ian Herbert, The Independent</ref>

Johnson was involved in a feud with right-wing journalist Andrew Neil, who was appointed over him by the Barclays in 2004 when they bought ''The Spectator''; the feud continued in the 2019 general election campaign, where Johnson refused to be interviewed by Neil.<ref>[https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/02/a-visit-with-the-spectators-andrew-neil-boriss-old-boss.html A Visit With Andrew Neil, Spectator Publisher and Boris Johnson’s Old Boss], NY Magazine, Feb 14, 2020</ref><ref>[https://inews.co.uk/opinion/bbc-boris-johnson-andrew-neil-big-mistake-376308 When Andrew Neil called out Boris Johnson, he was making a big mistake on behalf of the BBC], i News, 17 Dec 2019</ref>

===Rod Liddle===
Rod Liddle is another odious columnist. In December 2017, he poked fun at Labour MP Rosie Duffield for speaking out about being a victim of [[domestic violence]].<ref name=jacobson>[https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/observations/2019/11/why-spectator-tolerates-intolerable Why the Spectator tolerates the intolerable], Gavin Jacobson, New Statesman, November 2019</ref> Liddle called Duffield "the sobbing and oppressed Rosie '#[[MeToo]]' Duffield"; she called him "racist and misogynist". 

He has made frequently insulting or racist remarks about Islam and Muslims. These included in 2018: "If you are an unpleasant person who enjoys macabre entertainment, wander down to Mile End and watch the women in full burka trying to cross the A11. That’s always good for a laugh."<ref name=cathcart2021/> He also suggested in 2019 that the general election be held when students couldn't vote and "Muslims are forbidden from doing anything on pain of [[hell]]".<ref>[https://www.kentlive.news/news/kent-news/outrage-over-rod-liddles-misogynistic-3490401 Outrage over Rod Liddle's misogynistic attack on Canterbury MP Rosie Duffield], Kent Live, 1 Nov 2019</ref> However, in 2013 he described Stalinist activist Harpal Brar, then leader of the tiny [[Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist-Leninist)]], as being "absolutely charming and erudite."<ref>[https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/peter-oborne-should-stop-apologising-for-mahmoud-ahmadinejad/ "Peter Oborne should stop apologising for Mahmoud Ahmadinejad"], ''The Spectator'', Rod Liddle, May 4, 2013</ref>

===Alt-right===
{{main|Alt-right}}
In the late 2010s, it became increasingly interested in the alt-right, with James Delingpole penning an article suggestively headlined "The alt-right isn’t all wrong". Delingpole defended his "friend and colleague", the professional troll [[Milo Yiannopoulos]], and insisted that the alt-right's antisemitism and racism were ignorable because "most of this stuff is confected and insincere".<ref name=delingpole2016/> He also cited [[Sargon of Akkad]] in defence of the [[white genocide]] [[conspiracy theory]]:
{{quotebox|it’s about the idea that white culture (which they identify interchangeably with western civilisation) is under threat and must be preserved for the future of the race. Hence the alt-right’s violent objection to immigration; hence the nationalistic ‘America first’ theme of Trump’s campaigning: it all appeals to that increasingly popular impulse, from northern England to middle America to [[Angela Merkel]]’s immigrant-friendly [[Germany]], that this represents ordinary white folks’ last chance to preserve their culture and traditions before they’re overwhelmed by the dusky hordes.<ref name=delingpole2016>[https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/the-alt-right-isn-t-all-wrong The alt-right isn’t all wrong], James Delingpole, The Spectator, 30 July 2016</ref>}}
Delingpole concluded:
{{quotebox|Should more mainstream conservatives be worried by this? Well yes, of course, but they have largely themselves to blame. It’s why the alt-right refers to them disparagingly as ‘[[Alt-right glossary#Cuckservative|cuckservatives]]’ — that is, [[cuckold]]s whose spinelessness, compromise and me-too [[virtue signalling]] has enabled the [[social justice warriors]] of the progressive left to take so much territory.<ref name=delingpole2016/>}}

===Islamophobia===
A 2021 study by the Muslim Council of Britain's Centre for Media Monitoring that looked at media coverage of Muslims and [[Islam]] in 34 publications found that ''The Spectator'' had the highest percentage of articles judged "antagonistic" to Muslims, 37.3% of all articles which mentioned the religion, and the highest proportion of articles which the study judged misrepresented Muslims and/or Islam, one in four. ''The Spectator'' also had the second highest negative bias of any publication studied, with 10.9% of relevant articles "very biased" (only ''Christian Today'' with 11.3% "very biased" was worse).<ref>[https://cfmm.org.uk/resources/publication/cfmm-report-british-medias-coverage-of-muslims-and-islam-2018-2020-launched/ British Media’s Coverage of Muslims & Islam (2018-2020)], Faisal Hanif, Centre for Media Monitoring, Muslim Council of Britain, 2021</ref> Rod Little has published multiple comments mocking or insulting Muslims, and Charles Moore, James Delingpole and Douglas Murray also expressed hostility to Muslims in ''The Spectator''.<ref name=cathcart2021>[https://bylinetimes.com/2021/11/30/new-study-highlights-anti-muslim-bigotry-of-the-spectator-magazine/ New Study Highlights Anti-Muslim Bigotry Of the Spectator Magazine], Brian Cathcart, Byline Times, 30 Nov 2021</ref>

==Down Under==
In 2008, under d'Ancona's editorship, the magazine started publishing an [[Australia]]n edition, which it regards as its sister publication.<ref>[https://www.spectator.com.au ''The Spectator'' Australia]</ref> This is basically the same magazine as the British version, but with the first few pages containing Australian commentary by {{wpl|Anglocentrism|Anglocentric}} conservative commentators such as [[Tony Abbott]],<ref>[https://www.spectator.co.uk/writer/tony-abbott Writer Tony Abbott on ''The Spectator'' UK]</ref> [[Andrew Bolt]],<ref>[https://www.spectator.com.au/author/andrew-bolt/ Author Andrew Bolt on ''The Spectator'' Australia]</ref> [[One Nation]]'s Mark Latham,<ref>[https://www.spectator.com.au/author/mark-latham/ Author Mark Latham on ''The Spectator'' Australia]</ref> and [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]]'s Matt Canavan.<ref>[https://www.spectator.com.au/author/matt-canavanexample-com/ Author Matt Canavan on ''The Spectator'' Australia]</ref> It is currently edited by Rowan Dean, a [[Sky News Australia]] presenter and [[Climate change denialism|climate change denialist]] who notably doesn’t believe that the Great Barrier Reef is dying.

==See also==
*''[[The Critic]]''

==External links==
*[https://www.spectator.co.uk/ ''The Spectator'']

==References==
{{Reflist|2|80%}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spectator, The}}
[[Category:Antisemitism]]
[[Category:British media]]
[[Category:British politics]]
[[Category:British right wing]]
[[Category:Islamophobia]]
[[Category:Racism]]
[[Category:Australian media outlets]]

Categories: Antisemitism, British media, British politics, British right wing, Islamophobia, Racism, Australian media outlets