Goth

[[File:Whitby goth couple.jpg|thumb|right|165px|The more flamboyant putting-the-effort-in goth look, rarely seen outside of goth clubs and festivals.]]{{music}}
[[File:Castle Party p 391.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The cheap and lazy goth look you're more likely to encounter on the street or in the mall: band T-shirt (in black, naturally), dyed hair, spikes, token faux-[[Satanism|Satanic]] emblems, big clunky boots (out of shot). <br>That's pretty much it.]]
[[File:South Park Goth Kids.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Modern stereotypical Goths are mercilessly parodied on ''[[South Park]]''.<ref>[https://southpark.fandom.com/wiki/Goth_Kids Goth Kids], South Park fandom. {{quotebox|The Goth Kids are very stereotypical goths. They rarely go to school and prefer to sit around all day drinking coffee and smoking. They constantly go on about how pointless and painful life is. They go to the cemetery often, where they write poems about death and sorrow.}}</ref>]]
'''Goth''' is many things. Historically, it referred to the East Germanic tribes and their [[Fun:aestheistic|aestheistic]] language. Nowadays, it's a music subculture and lifestyle choice traditionally associated with art students and post-punk music (and, more lately, dark techno), as well as black clothing (often with metal and leather trim and accessories) and "Gothic" literature. In the 1990s Goth fashion became widely adopted by high school students and marketed heavily by youth clothing stores such as Hot Topic; older Goths often refer to such people as "mall Goth", a derisive nickname derived from their most commonly observed hangout. 

==Spot that Goth==

There are no defining Goth characteristics.  It is a vague umbrella term that lumps many people who wear an abundance of make-up and black, sometimes flamboyant, clothing. 

Goth cultures often either overlap or are misidentified with similar outcast subcultures such as "Juggalos" (fans of the rap group [[Insane Clown Posse]]), though such associations are generally shunned by the subcultures themselves.

==History==
{{expand section}}
===Gothic architecture===
A successor from romanesque architecture and a precursor to renaissance architecture, its obsession with pointed arches and stained glass windows can be found in Christian buildings made during the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

===Gothic horror===
Gothic literature in the 18th century would rise out of horror stories that use gothic architecture as its setting. They often include themes of horror, dark romanticism, and mystery.

The first self-proclaimed gothic novel was ''The Castle of Otranto'' by Horace Walpole in 1764.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2009 |title=Gothic fiction |encyclopedia=The Oxford Companion to English Literature |publisher=Oxford University Press |editor-last=Birch |editor-first=Dinah |edition=7th |isbn=9780191735066}}</ref>

===Beginnings of "goth"===
The Victorian era of England provided a foundation of where dark fashion would go with macabre, all black dresses, often worn to mourn recently deceased friends and relatives. Corsets, boots, pale skin, and dark lace patterns would also play a role in such fashion. Gothic films in the 20th century would spread the staple archetypes along with dark makeup.

==Goth in music==

Darkness and horror in rock music began with {{wpl|Screamin' Jay Hawkins}} and his performences of the song {{wpl|I Put a Spell on You||.}} The first hints of gothic rock emerged in 1967 with the American rock band {{wpl|The Doors||.}}<ref>Judith Peraino, [https://books.google.com/books?id=97PGJX3DMFAC&q=Doors#v=snippet&q=Doors&f=false Listening to the Sirens: Musical Technologies of Queer Identity from Homer to Hedwig]. University of California Press, 2005. {{isbn| 0520215877}}. {{quotebox|Gothic rock began with the Doors and Jim Morrison's apocalyptic poerty, "Lizard King" alter ego, deep muddy vocals, and audience antagonizing performances. Morrison took his inspiration from an experimental and interactive theater troupe called the Living Theater, founded and directed by Judith Malina and Julian Beck. During their performances the actors would taunt and harangue the audience, using tactics such as verbal retorts or even disrobing in order to provoke a response.}}</ref>{{rp|240}}

Glam rock, a genre consisting of artists who dress in glittery androgynous fashion, predates the dark romanticism and aesthetic that goth displays today, especially in the British scene. {{wpl|David Bowie}} is the most influential on the baritone vocal style present in goth rock.<ref>North, Richard (19 February 1983). "Punk Warriors". NME.</ref> [[Punk]] also contributed to goth by bringing in a sense of rebellion in the fashion and music. The real beginnings of goth began in post-punk, where some bands wanted to bring more creativity into punk. The influence of the sexy [[vampire]]s, darkness, glam rock, and punk, gothic rock commences with bands such as Bauhaus, Siouxsie and the Banshees, and The Cure.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191226090149/https://www.millennialinflux.com/goths-social-media-changing-subculture/ Goths On Social Media Are Changing The Subculture]. Archived from ''Millennial Flux'', 26 December 2019.</ref>

Goth rock reached United States via [[California]] with bands such as Christian Death and 45 Grave introducing more heavy elements into goth, giving rise to the sub-genre deathrock.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050205161057/http://www.alicebag.com/dinahcancerinterview.html Archived Interview with Ms. Dinah Cancer]. Archived from "Women in L.A. Punk", alicebag.com, 5 February 2005.</ref> These sub-genres should not be confused with the more general genre of horror punk. Popular acts that incorporated gothic elements include [[Marilyn Manson]] and Type O Negative. However, most of these acts are not true goth rock, but rather a sub-genre of death-doom metal called gothic metal. Goth today is as underground as 80s.

The confusing association of goth and emo began when the fashion in San Diego's hardcore scene leaned more towards the dark and alternative, which at first spread from screamo, to metalcore, and then eventually to the pop punk scenes that dominated 2000s emo. Bands such as {{wpl|My Chemical Romance}} and {{wpl|AFI (band)|AFI}} are examples of popular emo bands that embrace the darkness. At that point, Hot Topic was dominant among mall goth fashion. As emo waned in popularity, so did the fashion, until the fusion genre emo rap was revived and evolved the fashion into the e-kid subculture.

==Prejudice==

Goth culture is often associated with societal outcasts and misfits, and has been falsely stigmatized as a source of youth violence. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, the [[Columbine]] shooters, were misidentified as members of a Goth clique in Columbine High School and fans of Marilyn Manson.<ref>Manson, Marilyn. [http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/columbine-whose-fault-is-it-19990624 "Columbine: Whose Fault Is It?"] ''Rolling Stone'', 24 June 1999 (recovered 29 November 2015).</ref> Manson responded to the allegations brought against his band via his fourth album, Holy Wood.

In [[Iraq]], the "emo" style is associated with [[homosexuality]]. In March 2012, it was reported that at least 15 teenagers had been killed in the past month for being emos and, therefore, homosexuals. Reportedly, a militia group called the Brigades of Anger posted leaflets listing potential victims.<ref>[http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/world/moralityl-police-stone-emos-to-death-in-iraq/story-e6frea8l-1226296690834 Adelaide Now: Morality police stone 'emos' to death in Iraq] 12 March 2012</ref>

In the UK there have been some attempts to classify attacks on goths as [[hate crime]]s, similar to racial or homophobic violence. This results from serious incidents such as the {{wpl|murder of Sophie Lancaster||,}} a 20 year old goth and student, in 2007.<ref>John Scheerhout, [https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/victory-mum-tragic-sophie-lancaster-2511011 Victory for mum of tragic Sophie as GMP records offences against goths and punks as hate crimes]. ''Greater Manchester News'', 4 April 2013.</ref>

If there's one thing that the ''[[Harry Potter]]'' movies have taught us, it's that goths are ''pure [[evil]]''.

==See also==
*''[[Frankenstein]]''
*[[Fun:Hippie|Hippie]]
*[[Romanticism]]
*[[Vampire]]
*[[Cathy Brennan|Fake Goth]]

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Culture]]
[[category:Fashion]]
[[Category:Moral panics]]
[[Category:Punk]]
[[Category:Stereotypes]]

{{stub|Culture}}

Categories: Culture, Fashion, Moral panics, Punk, Stereotypes