Juan Perón

[[File:Juan Peron con banda de presidente.jpg|thumb|165px|Juan Perón.]]{{politics}}
{{cquote|To a friend, everything; to an enemy, not even justice.|||Juan Perón.<ref group="note">He was paraphrasing Peruvian president Óscar Benavides' quote, "To my friends, everything; to my enemies, the law."</ref>}}
'''Juan Domingo Perón''' {{lived|1895|1974}} was President of [[Argentina]] from 1946 to 1955, and again from 1973 to 1974. The charismatic founder of a [[Third Position|Third Positionist]], [[populism|populist]], [[nationalism|nationalist]], and vaguely [[socialism|socialist]] ideology known as justicialism or {{wpl|Peronism||,}} he remains an influential and controversial figure in his country.

==Biography==
===Military career===
As a young officer, he participated in the 1919 {{wpl|Tragic Week (Argentina)|Tragic Week,}} the bloody repression of a [[strike]] by [[anarchism|anarchist]] metalworkers. He then took part in the 1930 [[coup d'état]] against President Hipólito Yrigoyen, which marked the beginning of the [[conservative]] {{wpl|Infamous Decade||.}} Perón later served as a military observer in various European countries, including [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Benito Mussolini|Fascist Italy]]. He came back to Argentina with a very positive and '''very''' skewed impression of [[fascism]], which he erroneously perceived as something closer to [[social democracy]] than to [[totalitarianism]].<ref>http://www.worldfuturefund.org/Reports/peronfascism.htm</ref> Maybe he was too busy banging Italian ''donnas'' to notice the difference, who knows.

The now Colonel Perón participated in another military coup, the 1943 "Revolution", which installed a nationalist military [[dictatorship]] and ended the Infamous Decade (hey, full circle!). Even though the coup was carried out by the {{wpl|United Officers' Group|GOU|,}} a military [[secret society]] inspired by Perón's "fascist" ideas, instead of proclaiming himself "Supreme Duce and Caudillo of the Argentine Reich" or something wacky like that, Perón asked to work as head of the insignificant Department of Labor (later renamed Secretariat of Labor and Forecast, ''Secretaría de Trabajo y Previsión''). This was a calculated move, however, as his direct interactions with workers and his push for social reforms designed to improve working conditions made him very popular among the traditionally ignored and marginalized [[working class]].<ref>https://www.perfil.com/noticias/elobservador/todo-empezo-en-trabajo-y-prevision.phtml</ref> His relationships with syndicalists and union leaders also helped him take control of the {{wpl|General Confederation of Labour (Argentina)|CGT|,}} the country's largest [[trade union]] federation.

After the devastating 1944 San Juan earthquake, Perón organized several fundraising events with celebrities and radio stars. During one such event, he first met his future wife, actress María Eva Duarte, later known as Eva Perón or simply 
Madonna
 Evita.<ref>https://turismo.buenosaires.gob.ar/en/atractivo/1030am-meeting-per%C3%B3n-and-evitas-office</ref> His growing popularity didn't sit well with the members of the [[junta]], so he was forced to resign and was jailed in Martín García Island, a naval prison. On October 17, 1945, less than a week later, a mass demonstration organized by the CGT, Evita, and the working class ''{{wpl|descamisados}}'' ("shirtless ones", they were too poor to afford brown shirts) led to his liberation. Perón and Evita married shortly after that.

===First two terms===
In 1946, Perón ran for the presidency on an anti-[[imperialist]], anti-[[Oligarchy|oligarchic]], pro-[[social justice]] and populist platform, supported by the CGT. He portrayed himself as a nationalist hero, and characterized his opponent, José Tamborini, as a puppet of US Ambassador Spruille Braden (his campaign slogan was, in fact, "Braden or Perón").<ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-latin-american-studies/article/peronism-and-antiimperialism-in-the-argentine-press-braden-or-peron-was-also-peron-is-roosevelt/311786AEE5EBE5B784BF8599DEEAFD27</ref> However, Perón was no stinkin' [[Communism|commie]] (he remained, at least officially, neutral during the [[Cold War]]),<ref group="note">Despite their ideological differences, [[Joseph Stalin]] was fascinated by Peronism, which he interpreted as Argentina's path to liberation.</ref> and both the Communist and the Socialist parties supported Tamborini because they considered Perón a fascist. Perón won the election with 56% of the popular vote.

After [[World War II]], with Europe in ruins, Perón's ambition was to transform Argentina into a superpower. He nationalized/expropriated several foreign companies (mostly [[British]]-owned) in order to achieve complete [[autarky]], launched a [[command economy|five-year plan]] focused on [[economic]] growth and infrastructure, and started developing a [[nuclear energy|nuclear]] program on Huemul Island.<ref>{{wpa|Huemul Project}}</ref> He remained sympathetic to fascism, and [[ratlines|granted asylum]] to many [[Nazi]] [[war criminal]]s and collaborators as part of his own version of Operation Paperclip, most notably [[Adolf Eichmann]], [[Josef Mengele]], [[Croatia|Croatian]] dictator Ante Pavelić (leader of the [[Ustaše]], a fascist and ultranationalist [[terrorist]] organization so sadistic and violent, even the fucking Nazis told them to knock it off),<ref>https://allthatsinteresting.com/ustase</ref> [[France|French]] ''collaborateur'' Jacques de Mahieu ({{wpl|Maurrassisme in Argentina|Maurrasian}} writer and war criminal who served as a volunteer in the [[SS]] Charlemagne Division; he later became a somewhat respected intellectual, "anthropologist" [read: promoter of [[scientific racism]]], and Peronist ideologue in Argentina, despite publishing "non-fiction" books about the [[Pre-Columbian contact hypotheses|alleged presence in Latin America]] of the [[Vikings]] and the [[Knights Templar]] and other silly Nazi [[pseudohistory|pseudohistorical]] tropes), and Otto Skorzeny, the former [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] bodyguard and SS officer who rescued [[Benito Mussolini]] from house arrest in 1943; Skorzeny was Perón's close advisor and Evita's bodyguard (and, presumably, her lover).<ref>https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/656824/Adolf-Hitler-favourite-bodyguard-turned-hitman-Mossad-Israel-Otto-Skorzeny</ref> However, Perón himself wasn't [[antisemitism|anti-semitic]].<ref>https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file%3Faccession%3Dosu1039034580%26disposition%3Dinline</ref>

Perón's regime was certainly totalitarian and intolerant of opposition, but contrary to what ''[[The Simpsons]]'' may have led you to believe,<ref>{{wpl|E Pluribus Wiggum#Controversy}}</ref> not in a murderous way. He favored [[censorship|media suppression]], and intimidation, persecution, imprisonment and [[torture]] of prominent critics both left and right over straight-up forced disappearances. But then there's the 1947 Rincón Bomba massacre, a brutal eviction of members of the indigenous Pilagá people, which technically constitutes [[genocide]].<ref>https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1101&context=gsp</ref><ref>https://www.pagina12.com.ar/204582-la-masacre-pilaga-fue-declarada-crimen-de-lesa-humanidad</ref>

Despite not being exactly a [[feminist]] icon, Perón granted women [[women's suffrage|the right to vote]] and promoted Evita's social labor. His wife revealed herself as a very skilled politician in her own right and was considered by many to be the regime's second-in-command, even though she did not hold any official position. She was loved by the [[poor]], the sick and the elderly, and hated by the [[elite]] (whom the Peróns and their supporters derisively referred to as "[[gorilla]]s").

Both Perón and Evita developed a [[personality cult]]. One children's [[public school]] book<ref>https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/709528116266388410/</ref> contained [[Orwellian]] lines such as, "In the new Argentina, everyone is happy. Everyone feels happy. This is because of Perón's government. That's why every Argentine loves the Leader with all their soul".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070901180448/http://img283.imageshack.us/img283/280/1158189205fcg2.jpg</ref> In 1947, Perón established Ciudad Evita, a city near Buenos Aires whose street layout was [[Washington, D.C. street design conspiracy theory|intentionally]] designed in the shape of Evita's iconic profile.<ref>https://fronterasblog.com/2012/05/16/ciudad-evita-cuando-la-planificacion-urbanistica-y-el-culto-a-la-personalidad-se-dan-la-mano/amp/</ref> August 31, the day Evita gave a shocking radio speech announcing that she would not run as her husband's Vice-President in 1951 (because of her health problems), was made an unofficial national holiday ("Día del Renunciamiento" or "Renunciation Day"). And from 1952 to 1955, the city of La Plata was briefly renamed Eva Perón.

In 1951, Perón was re-elected for a second term. However, things started to get rough. Economic growth stagnated, his [[anti-intellectual]] stance made him a lot of enemies among the Argentine upper-class intelligentsia (including writer Jorge Luis Borges, who had been "promoted" from library attendant to "poultry inspector"<ref>https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-aug-08-bk-macadam8-story.html</ref> for opposing Perón), his progressive reforms (including a [[divorce]] law) infuriated conservatives and the [[Catholic Church]], and perhaps most importantly, his wife Evita died of [[cancer]]; his in ''no way'' bizarre reaction was to have her body preserved and kept on his dining room table.

[[File:Plaza-Mayo-bombardeo-1955.JPG|thumb|right|275px|Aftermath of the Plaza de Mayo bombing by anti-Peronist forces.]]

On June 1955, members of an ultra-Catholic faction of the Naval Aviation wrote ''Cristo Vence'' ("[[Christ]] is Victorious") on their airplanes and decided to rebel against the Peronist regime by bombing Plaza de Mayo, an important square in Buenos Aires adjacent to the Casa Rosada presidential palace, killing hundreds of innocent civilians.<ref>{{wpa|Bombing of Plaza de Mayo}}</ref> The attempted coup failed, and anti-Catholic riots and church burnings by Perón supporters ensued, but the dictator was finished. He was overthrown three months later by the so-called ''{{wpl|Revolución Libertadora}}'' ("Liberating Revolution"), a military coup better known by Peronists as the ''Revolución Fusiladora'' ("Shooting Revolution") for obvious reasons.

===Exile ===
The ''Libertadora'' went to extreme lengths to destroy Perón and his legacy. Not only did they attempt to kill the exiled Perón with a car bomb (twice), they also detained and executed hundreds of suspected Peronist sympathizers, renamed or banned all Peronist organizations, [[book burning|burned books]] and [[iconoclasm|portraits]] of Perón and Evita, and [[burning the evidence|made it illegal to even mention Perón's name]].<ref>{{wpa|Decree Law 4161/56}}</ref> Evita's embalmed body was removed by the military junta from its resting place (the CGT headquarters), and the corpse was urinated on, mutilated and sexually abused;<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-18616380</ref><ref>https://www.abc.es/play/television/noticias/abci-eva-peron-violada-cuarto-milenio-201804241644_noticia.html</ref> it would later be taken to Milan, Italy, and buried in secret under a fake name for almost 15 years. They also exaggerated Perón's crimes and sought to portray him as a [[degenerate]] monster and a traitor who spied for Nazi Germany (he didn't), although they also legitimately exposed some dark aspects of Perón, like, for example, his alleged [[pedophilia|sexual relationship with a thirteen-year-old girl]].<ref>http://samilitaryhistory.org/6/d06junne.html</ref>

Juan Perón would spend the next 18 years in exile as guest of some of the most infamous tyrants in Ibero-American history: [[Alfredo Stroessner]] in [[Paraguay]], Anastasio Somoza in [[Nicaragua]], Marcos Pérez Jiménez in [[Venezuela]], [[Rafael Leónidas Trujillo]] in Dominican Republic, and [[Francisco Franco]] in [[Spain]].<ref group="note">Franco had received Perón's support after World War II, when Spain was internationally isolated because of its support for the [[Axis|Axis powers]], but the ultra-conservative Franco did not like that his fellow dictator had been [[excommunication|excommunicated]] from the Catholic Church. Perón only met the Caudillo once, during the last of his 13 years of Spanish exile.</ref> The only democratic (although heavily militarized and US-controlled) country he lived in was [[Panama]], where he met his third wife,<ref group="note">Before Evita, Perón had been married to Aurelia Gabriela "Potota" Tizón from 1929 until her death from cancer in 1938.</ref> Argentine dancer María Estela "Isabel" Martínez, later known as Isabel Perón or Isabelita.

[[File:Rosariazo 2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Student protests against anti-Peronist dictator Juan Carlos Onganía, 1969.]]

Meanwhile, the Peronists in Argentina would start a years-long resistance against the subsequent military dictatorships to allow Perón to come back from exile, which included strikes, protests, sabotage, and blank voting,<ref group="note">Because Peronist parties and candidates were banned, almost 25% of the Argentine population left their ballots symbolically blank in the 1957 Constitutional Assembly election, meaning that the blank vote was the most voted "candidate" in that election.</ref> but also terrorism, [[guerrilla warfare]], and political assassinations. Some neo-fascist, anti-semitic, Peronist terrorist groups like {{wpl|Tacuara Nationalist Movement|Tacuara}} or that of Rodolfo Galimberti,<ref group="note">Galimberti was an interesting character who embodied the many contradictions of Peronism: he went from [[neo-Nazi]] terrorist in the 1960s, to Montonero guerrilla leader in the 1970s and 1980s, to businessman with ties to the [[CIA]] in the 1990s and 2000s. He dated both the mother and the sister of Patricia Bullrich, [[Javier Milei]]'s Minister of National Security.</ref> would later be absorbed by the Montoneros, the radical left-wing arm of the Peronist movement. Their most famous action was the 1970 kidnapping and execution of former dictator Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, in retaliation for the 1956 massacre of 31 Peronists in a garbage dump near the town of José León Suárez.

Perón supported [[direct action]]. He held secret meetings in Spain with Montonero leaders and even hinted a leftward turn by expressing admiration for [[Marxist]] revolutionary leaders like [[Fidel Castro]], [[Che Guevara]], and [[Mao Zedong]].

Following a failed attempt to return to his country (his plane was stopped in [[Brazil]] and then sent back to Spain), Perón sent his wife Isabel to Argentina as his "personal delegate" to meet with Peronist leaders, in order to stop a growing "neo-Peronist" movement within the syndicalists, known as "Peronism without Perón". There, Isabel was introduced to the infamous José López Rega, a far-right former [[police]] officer and bodyguard of Perón in the 1950s, known as ''El Brujo'' (The Warlock) because he was also a self-practising [[astrology|astrologist]]. López Rega would exercise such [[Rasputin]]-like authority over the weak Isabel that, after winning her trust, he moved to the Peróns' home in Spain to work as private secretary, valet, butler, nurse and bodyguard to Juan Perón; he would even give Perón prostate massages<ref>https://www.lavoz.com.ar/opinion/el-navarrazo-y-la-derecha-de-peron</ref> after the old dictator was diagnosed with prostate cancer. López Rega also told Isabel that, using the now-recovered mummified body of Evita, he was able to [[medium|channel the spirit]] of Perón's dead wife<ref>https://www.elconfidencial.com/cultura/2018-12-16/isabelita-peron-madrid-peronismo-historia_1708050/</ref> to guide Isabel and give her self-confidence.

López Rega's influence over the Peróns would be far more sinister than it seemed. Using his new political contacts, he would create a far-right [[paramilitary]] terrorist organization responsible for various [[crimes against humanity]], known as the Triple A (Argentine Anticommunist Alliance), with the purpose of purging the Peronist movement of its leftist elements.

===Return, third term and death===
[[File:Perón Funeral.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Perón's funeral procession.]]
In 1973, Perón was finally allowed to return to Argentina. He arrived on a plane paid for by a friend of López Rega, Licio Gelli, [[Italy|Italian]] fascist leader of the shady-as-fuck [[Masonic]] lodge {{wpl|Propaganda Due||,}}<ref>https://www.pagina12.com.ar/1998/98-12/98-12-14/pag03.htm</ref> later involved in several scandals and [[human rights]] violations in Italy and South America. Perón was barred from participating in that year's presidential election, so his 
puppet
 personal delegate, the nominally leftist Héctor J. Cámpora, ran in his place and won. Socialist presidents [[Salvador Allende]] of [[Chile]] and Oswaldo Dorticós of [[Cuba]] attended the inauguration ceremony.<ref>http://www.laizquierdadiario.cl/25-de-mayo-de-1973-Campora-y-el-Devotazo</ref> President Cámpora would predictably resign two months later and call a snap election, paving the way for Perón to return to power after 18 years. His wife Isabel assumed the Vice-Presidency and his loyal secretary José López Rega was appointed Minister of Social Welfare.

However, Perón's long-awaited return was not the socialist [[utopia]] that Montoneros and the Peronist left, in general, were expecting. They were mercilessly targeted, with Perón's implicit approval, by López Rega's Triple A death squad, reaching its climax during an incident known as the {{wpl|Ezeiza massacre||,}} in which right-wing Peronist snipers opened fire into a crowd of left-wing Peronists that had gathered near Ezeiza International Airport in Buenos Aires to greet their leader, killing at least 13 people. It is estimated that 1,122 people were murdered by the Triple A from 1973 to 1976, and death threats forced many prominent left-wing Peronists to leave the country.

During the 1974 May Day rally at Plaza de Mayo, Perón confirmed that his leftist revolutionary enthusiasm was just a farce by expelling the Montoneros from the square and calling them "stupid".<ref>{{wpa|Expulsion of Montoneros from Plaza de Mayo}}</ref> Moreover, his May 1974 meeting with Chilean dictator [[Augusto Pinochet]] (despite Perón's admiration for Salvador Allende and condemnation of the 1973 Chilean military coup), has been considered the beginning of Operation Condor.<ref>https://prensaobrera.com/politicas/10414-peron-pinochet-y-el-plan-condor</ref> A few months after the meeting, General Carlos Prats, former commander-in-chief of the Chilean army and Vice-President under Allende, was assassinated with his wife while living in exile in Argentina.

In June 1974, Perón caught pneumonia after visiting his old friend, Paraguayan dictator Alfredo Stroessner, and later suffered a heart attack. Isabel Perón was sworn in as interim President, but Juan never recovered and died on July 1<sup>st</sup>, despite López Rega's best wootastic efforts.<ref>https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/2019/07/01/no-te-vayas-faraon-los-dramaticos-minutos-finales-de-peron-en-la-residencia-de-olivos/</ref>

Isabel Perón's misgovernment, José López Rega's [[state terrorism]], and the Montoneros' underground activities against the increasingly oppressive regime would lead to the US-backed 1976 military coup, which established [[Jorge Rafael Videla|the worst dictatorship in Argentina's history]].

==The hands of Perón==
[[File:Palco de Perón (a color!).jpg|thumb|200px|"Look, ma! No hands!"]]
In 1987, thirteen years after his death, a group of still unidentified people broke into the heavily secured tomb of Perón and stole his hands, along with his cap, sword, and a poem written to him by Isabel Perón. The leader of the Peronist party, Vicente Saadi, received two typewritten letters signed by "Dr. Hermes IAI and the 13", along with fragments of the poem, demanding an $8 million ransom in exchange for the hands, but Saadi refused to pay. The items were never recovered.<ref>{{wpa|Hands of Perón}}</ref>

Some people involved in the investigation, including the examining magistrate, Jaime Far Suau, have allegedly died under "suspicious" circumstances (freak accidents, asthma attacks, unsolved murders and the like).<ref>https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/2019/06/29/las-manos-de-peron-un-complot-politico-esoterico-en-el-que-todos-los-que-investigaron-pagaron-con-atentados-robos-y-muerte/</ref> Despite numerous [[conspiracy theories]] linking the incident to the powerful Freemason lodge Propaganda Due, José López Rega and his [[western esotericism|esoteric]] buddies,<ref group="note">López Rega, who surrendered in 1986 after hiding for ten years (but died before going to trial for his crimes), denied any involvement.</ref> the [[CIA]], Argentinian military intelligence agents, Sardinian bandits,<ref group="note">According to an [[urban legend]], Perón was born in Mamoiada, Sardinia, and his "real" name was Giovanni Piras.</ref> etc. the enigma remains unsolved.

==Peronism==
Although originally influenced by European fascism, Peronism evolved to become a distinctly Argentine populist ideology and movement, equidistant (at least in theory) from both Communism and [[laissez-faire|liberal capitalism]]. Peronism, or justicialism, is characterized by its focus on [[social justice]], [[nationalism]], the protection of [[workers' rights|workers']] and [[women's rights]], and the promotion of import substitution industrialization, as well as its charismatic leadership, Christian [[benevolent dictatorship|paternalism]], and its ability to mobilize the masses. However, it is also notable for its tendencies towards [[authoritarianism]] and corruption.

Similarly to what happened in Brazil with {{wpl|Getúlio Vargas||,}} Perón's political ambiguity (too pro-working class, anti-oligarchic, anti-imperialist and anticlerical to be considered right-wing, yet too pro-fascist, anti-Marxist and socially conservative to be left-wing) led to his ideology being reclaimed by [[horseshoe theory|both sides of the spectrum]]:

*Right-wing or {{wpl|orthodox Peronism|"orthodox" Peronists}} like Santiago Cúneo (the outspoken TV host who insulted [[Queen Elizabeth II]] and popped champagne to celebrate her death)<ref>https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1666886/Queen-death-mocked-Argentina-Santiago-Cuneo</ref> consider themselves the true heirs of Perón, although they distance themselves from the crimes of López Rega and the Triple A.
*Left-wing Peronists like former Presidents {{wpl|Néstor Kirchner}} and {{wpl|Cristina Fernández de Kirchner||,}} on the other hand, remain [[nostalgia|nostalgic]] of the Montoneros and cling to their romantic vision of the "socialist" Perón from the 1960s to 1973.
*There is also a "centrist" Peronism called {{wpl|federal Peronism||,}} which is a kind of "third way" between orthodox and left-wing Peronism (ironic, considering that Peronism is already a Third-Positionist ideology). Federal Peronism, represented primarily by {{wpl|Carlos Menem}} (the first Peronist president since the restoration of democracy in Argentina), is practically irrelevant today, and its adherents are mere opportunists whose rejection of {{wpl|Kirchnerism}} has led them to associate with anti-Peronists like {{wpl|Mauricio Macri}} or the far-right clown [[Javier Milei]] (incidentally, a huge fan of Menem's [[neoliberalism|neoliberal]] policies).

Even [[Pope Francis]]' social and political activity is considered to be influenced by Peronism.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/you-cant-understand-pope-francis-without-juan-peron--and-evita/2015/08/01/d71e6fa4-2fd0-11e5-a879-213078d03dd3_story.html</ref><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/13/opinion/uki-goni-peronist-roots-of-pope-francis-politics.html</ref>

Maybe that's the reason why unlike his Latin American contemporaries and imitators (Gustavo Rojas Pinilla in [[Colombia]], Carlos Ibáñez del Campo in Chile, Juan Velasco Alvarado in Peru, José María Velasco Ibarra in [[Ecuador]], Marcos Pérez Jiménez in Venezuela, Omar Torrijos in Panama, Luis Batlle Berres in [[Uruguay]], etc.) Perón's legacy is still alive and well.

==See also==
*[[Huey Long]]
*[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]]
*[[Muammar al-Gaddafi]]
*[[Josip Broz Tito]]
*[[Hugo Chávez]]
*[[Rodrigo Duterte]] (another far-right demagogue pretending to be a socialist to score political points)

==Further reading==
*Page, Joseph A. (1983). ''Perón: A Biography''. New York: Random House.
*Goñi, Uki (2002). ''The Real Odessa: How Perón Brought the Nazi War Criminals to Argentina''. London: Granta Books.
*Larraquy, Marcelo (2004). ''López Rega: el peronismo y la Triple A''. Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana.

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rndAJTQBET8 What is Peronism?] by BadEmpanada
*[https://en.y8.com/games/the_rise_and_fall_of_mecha-peron Perón, now in video game form!]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peron, Juan}}
[[Category:Anti-Catholicism]]
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[[Category:Crimes against humanity]]
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[[Category:Dictators]]
[[Category:Fascists]]
[[Category:Leftists who turned right with age]]
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[[Category:Paedophilia]]
[[Category:Shysters]]
[[Category:Socialists]]
[[Category:South American politicians]]

Categories: Anti-Catholicism, Anti-imperialism, Argentina, Authors, Catholics, Crimes against humanity, Cult leaders, Dictators, Fascists, Leftists who turned right with age, Machismo, Military, Nationalism, Paedophilia, Shysters, Socialists, South American politicians