Logical razor

{{logic}}
A '''logical razor''' is a rational principle used to shave off possible but unrealistic or unlikely explanations for a given phenomenon. Common examples include Occam's razor and Alder's razor.

==Common razors==
Below is a short and non-comprehensive list of logical razors.

===Occam's razor===
{{main|Occam's razor}}
{{cquote|''"Pluralitas non est ponenda sine neccesitate"'', or plurality should not be posited without necessity.|||William of Occam<ref name=skeptic>[http://skepdic.com/occam.html Occam's Razor], ''Skeptic''</ref>}}
Occam's razor was formulated by William of Occam. In short, it states that the [[hypothesis]] that makes the fewest assumptions is ''usually'' the best answer for the phenomenon. Note that Occam's razor does ''not'' say that the more simple a hypothesis, the better.<ref name=skeptic/> [[Intelligent design|That would let other 'explanations' gain traction]].

====Occam's duct tape====
This is only used ironically. Also known as '''Occam's Krazy Glue''' or '''Occam's Stapler''',<ref>[http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/discussion.php?id=oovi8sdv Occam's duct tape], ''TV Tropes''</ref> this is pretty much the exact opposite of Occam's razor &mdash; let's see how many unnecessary and useless assumptions we can make, mmkay? [[Fractal wrongness|It makes much more sense that an omnipotent, omniscient, omnibenevolent sentient being broke the natural laws he (or she) made in order to create the universe as we see it, right?]] [[Not even wrong|Good thing that the being also made the world in such a way as to point away from the same entity being the creator, yeah?]]

===Popper's Falsifiability Principle===
{{main|Falsifiability}}
{{cquote|''In so far as a scientific statement speaks about reality, it must be falsifiable; and in so far as it is not falsifiable, it does not speak about reality.''|||Karl R. Popper<ref name=goodreads>[https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/770440-in-so-far-as-a-scientific-statement-speaks-about-reality Popper's Falsifiability Principle], ''The Logic of Scientific Discovery''</ref>}}
Popper's Falsifiability Principle is an axiom suggested by [[philosopher]] [[Karl Popper]] that demands any scientific claim be [[falsifiable]] before it be taken seriously.  Fortunately, Popper's Falsifiability Principle, itself, is considered philosophical, not scientific, so wise men are free to take it very seriously.

===Alder's razor===
[[File:Newtonwithlightsaber.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|It's as if Inigo Montoya woke up in [[Fun:Star Wars|Coruscant]].]]
{{main|Logical positivism}}
This razor was formulated by Mike Alder and is better known by its correct name, '''Newton's flaming laser sword'''. It says that [[String theory|whatever cannot be settled by experimentation is not worth debate]].

For some reason, true adherents of this proposition never bother to argue in its defense...

===Alder's duct tape===
This is also only ironic. Also known as  '''Alder's Krazy Glue''' or '''Alder's Stapler''', or its correct name, '''Newton's arc welder''', this is pretty much the exact opposite of Newton's flaming laser sword &mdash; let’s not expose the debate so experiments will be unnecessary or useless or conversely let’s debate the newest documented experiments just to suggest more experiments.

===Crabtree's bludgeon===
{{cquote|No set of mutually inconsistent observations can exist for which some human intellect cannot conceive a coherent explanation, however complicated it may be.|||Presumably a guy named Crabtree<ref>[http://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d8233 At the Christmas party], ''British Medical Journal''</ref>}}

Crabtree's bludgeon is an observation which serves as a foil to Occam's razor, characterising a [[Ad hoc|very different cognitive process]] exhibited in [[Crank|certain]] [[Woomeister|kinds of]] [[Fundamentalist|people]].

Quite impressively, fanfolk of the Marvel and DC comic book universes take great joy in proving Crabtree correct.

===Hanlon's razor===
{{main|Hanlon's razor}}
{{cquote|Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity.|||Robert J. Hanlon<ref>[https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Robert_J._Hanlon Hanlon's Razor], ''Wikiquote''</ref>}}

This one is easy: what's easier to believe? That the average [[homeopath]] maliciously tries to entice and seduce people into drinking 
[[water]]
 remedies? Or that the homeopath is too stupid to know that it's 
water
 [[Fun:Dihydrogen monoxide|dihydrogen monoxide]]?

===Grice's razor===
{{cquote|As a principle of parsimony, conversational implications are to be preferred over semantic context for linguistic explanations.|||Grice, we think?<ref>[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/implicature/ Implicature], ''The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy''</ref>}}

Basically, Herbert Paul Grice said that, when in a conversation, prefer what the speaker ''meant'' over what the sentence they spoke ''literally says''.

===Hume's razor===
{{main|David Hume}}
[[File:1mle1k.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hitchens at his finest.]]
{{cquote|If the cause, assigned for any effect, be not sufficient to produce it, we must either reject that cause, or add to it such qualities as will give it a just proportion to the effect.|||Hume<ref>Miles, Murray Lewis. "Chapter 31: The Undoing of Divine Justice." ''Inroads: Paths in Ancient and Modern Western Philosophy''. Toronto: University of Toronto, 2003. 531. Print. Section 31.5.3, Hume's Razor.</ref>}}

The cause must be proportionate to the effect it produces.

===Hitchens' razor===
{{main|Christopher Hitchens}}
{{cquote|''Quod gratis asseritur, gratis negatur'', or what can be asserted without [[evidence]] can be dismissed without evidence.|||Christopher Hitchens<ref>[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hitchens%27s_razor Hitchens's Razor], ''Wikiquote''</ref>}}

Used during the act of hitchslapping, this short-but-sweet razor asserts that the [[burden of proof]] regarding the truthfulness of a claim lies with the one who makes the claim and that if this burden is not met, the claim is unfounded and its opponents need not argue further in order to dismiss it.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hitchens|first=Christopher|date=6 April 2009|title= God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything|page=258|asin=B00287KD4Q}}</ref> Wise debaters in philosophical matters will, thus, wait until the other side has made a claim.

Unfortunately, [[Self-refuting_idea|Hitchens did not provide any evidence for why such assertions are dismissable]].{{fact|joke}} Fortunately for him, other people have taken it upon themselves to justify this razor bearing his name since he coined it.{{cn}}

===Tarzwell's razor===
{{cquote|''Where there is passion the truth cannot be trusted.|||James Tarzwell}}
The essence of this razor lends itself to the idea that high emotion leads to high bias. Both science and the justice system hold that dispassion is at the core of their intentions.

=== Diogenes' Razor===
Everything is garbage!

==See also==
*[[Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence]]

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}