trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Niles Eldredge

{{evolution}}
'''Niles Eldredge''' {{lived|1943|}} is an [[United States|American]] [[paleontology|paleontologist]], who, along with [[Stephen Jay Gould]], proposed the theory of [[punctuated equilibrium]].<ref>[http://www.nileseldredge.com/biography.htm Biography for Niles Eldredge]</ref> He called for an [[extended evolutionary synthesis]] in his book ''Unfinished Synthesis: Biological Hierarchies and Modern Evolutionary Thought'' (1985) based on the view of interaction of two hierarchies: a hierarchy of [[genetic]] information housed in [[gene]]s, organisms, [[species]] and higher taxa; and an ecological hierarchy, concerned with interactions between biologic entities and the physical environment.<ref>[http://innovationwatch.com/unfinished-synthesis-biological-hierarchies-and-modern-evolutionary-thought-by-niles-eldredge-oxford-university-press/ Unfinished Synthesis: Biological Hierarchies and Modern Evolutionary Thought by Niles Eldredge]</ref>

Unfortunately, much like Stephen Jay Gould, Eldredge is usually [[quote mined]] by [[creationist]]s.

==Selected publications==

*''Darwin: Discovering the Tree of Life'' (2005)
*''The Triumph of Evolution...And the Failure of Creationism'' (2000)
*''Reinventing Darwin: The Great Debate at the High Table of Evolutionary Theory'' (1995)
*''Fossils: The Evolution and Extinction of Species'' (1991)
*''Life Pulse: Episodes in the History of Life. Facts on File'' (1987)
*''Unfinished Synthesis: Biological Hierarchies and Modern Evolutionary Thought'' (1985)

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Eldredge, Niles}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[category:Living people]]
[[Category:Paleontologists]]

Categories: Authors, Living people, Paleontologists
No White Democrats

{{uspolitics}}
'''No White Democrats''' ('''#NoWhiteDemocrats''' on [[Twitter]]) is a fake outrage campaign created by [[/pol/|4chan's /pol/]]<ref>Links:<ul><li>http://imgur.com/giF8j7i</li><li>https://puu.sh/tgMic/7b5d739074.png</li><li>https://puu.sh/tgMr0/a02741b9d0.png</li><li>https://puu.sh/tgMxW/369c98012d.png</li><li>https://puu.sh/tgMyp/d56ba6abda.png</li><li>https://puu.sh/tgMBT/46a150d84d.png</li><li>https://puu.sh/tgMCQ/cd287284e2.png</li><li>https://puu.sh/tgMEi/dc6f36cf7a.png</li><li>https://puu.sh/tgMH0/7a7c5c838e.png</li><li>https://pbs.twimg.com/media/C1y1yr3UQAEX_wP.jpg</li></ul></ref> and spread by online [[conservative]] and [[alt-right]] groups<ref>https://np.reddit.com/r/altright/comments/5muj7h/nowhitedemocrats_we_must_drive_the_remaining/</ref><ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/The_Donald/comments/5n4as5/am_i_doing_this_nowhitedemocrats_thing_right/</ref><ref>https://np.reddit.com/r/The_Donald/comments/5mx25r/nowhitedemocrats_mtv/</ref><ref>https://np.reddit.com/r/The_Donald/comments/5mwf00/nowhitedemocrats_successor_to_draftourdaughters/</ref><ref>https://voat.co/v/whatever/1550531</ref><ref>http://www.tigerdroppings.com/rant/politics/first-it-was-draftourdaughters-now-its-nowhitedemocrats/68055549/</ref><ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/The_Donald/comments/5mxl9l/centipedes_i_bring_you_a_fresh_new/?st=IXR21M3Z&sh=a59e289f</ref> that hopes to 1). make liberals look like [[reverse racism|anti-white "racists"]], 2). divide Democrats on racial lines, and 3). (falsely) justify conservative outrage about racial issues. Several single-purpose accounts have been set up to appear black and promote No White Democrats; they are hilariously and obviously fake.<ref>http://archive.ph/6KTNK</ref><ref>http://archive.ph/91mDs</ref><ref>http://archive.ph/cxTwP</ref><ref>http://archive.ph/hjZIj</ref><ref>http://archive.ph/aLizN</ref><ref>http://archive.ph/Udcck</ref>

In case it wasn't clear: '''It's fake.'''

Several online liberal groups have called out the hashtag as both fake and against their ideals.<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/EnoughTrumpSpam/comments/5mz4d5/urgent_4chan_is_starting_a_social_media_campaign/</ref><ref>https://np.reddit.com/r/Blackfellas/comments/5n3d3d/heads_up_racists_are_pretending_to_be_black/</ref><ref>https://np.reddit.com/r/Political_Revolution/comments/5mzsw8/4chan_starts_false_flag_hashtag_nowhitedemocrats/</ref><ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/EnoughTrumpSpam/comments/5myx24/t_ds_new_nowhitedemocrats_hashtag_is_right_out_of/</ref><ref>https://np.reddit.com/r/SandersForPresident/comments/5mzt39/false_flag_twitter_hashtag_nowhitedemocrats_was/</ref>

==See also==
*[[It's Okay To Be White]]
*[[NoMenMidterms]]

==External links==
*[https://twitter.com/search?q=%23NoWhiteDemocrats&src=typd #NoWhiteDemocrats] on [[Twitter]]

==Footnotes==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

{{stub|United States politics}}
[[Category:4chan]]
[[Category:Alt-right]]
[[Category:Propaganda]]
[[Category:Race]]
[[Category:Right-wing troll campaigns]]

Categories: 4chan, Alt-right, Propaganda, Race, Right-wing troll campaigns
Noah (film)

{{Film}}
'''''Noah''''' is a [[Hollywood]] film directed by Darren Aronofsky, the man who directed films such as ''The Wrestler'' and ''Black Swan''. ''Noah'' was released in March 28, 2014 to good reviews, and the film grossed US$359 million worldwide. 
==Misrepresentations of Genesis==
[[Fundamentalist]] [[Christian]]s and [[creationist]]s have criticized the film for misrepresenting the [[global flood]] story in [[Genesis]].<ref>Charles Chandler, [https://archive.ph/4qJxT Hollywood’s Immoral Agenda]. Archived from Billy Graham Evangelical Association, 2 April 2014.</ref><ref>[https://archive.ph/THomB Noah: A Story of Warning, Not Amusement]. Archived from amazingfacts.org, 25 March 2014.</ref><ref>[https://answersingenesis.org/countering-the-culture/noah-movie/ The Noah Movie: Is it Biblical?]. [[Answers in Genesis]], 29 March 2014.</ref><ref>[[Eric Hovind]], [http://www.creationtoday.org/why-i-wont-go-see-noah-on-march-28th/ Why I Won’t Go See Noah On March 28th.]. [[Creation Today]], 2014.</ref> It has also been banned in some [[Islamic]] countries for its depiction of [[Noah]], whom Muslims see as a [[prophet]].{{efn|Which falls under the same 'no-idols' rule as observed by most Muslims especially with the prophet [[Muhammad]].}}<ref>Noah Browning, [http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/08/us-islam-film-censorship-idUSBREA270BK20140308 Hollywood blockbuster 'Noah' faces ban in Arab world] ''Reuters'', 28 March 2014.</ref> 

In fact, the reworking of popular historical myths has been a Hollywood staple for many years. For example reworked versions of ''The Iliad'' and ''The Odyssey'' have provided source material for a large number of movies. Heck, ''The Ten Commandments'' was a pretty edgy take on [[Exodus]]. With ''Noah'', the film industry is simply continuing the same tradition,<ref>Bob Chipman, [https://archive.ph/QQVll 10 Bible Movies Weirder Than Noah]. Archived from ''Escapist Magazine'', 28 March 2014.</ref> although the almost all-white cast is pretty cringe-worthy. 

===The Watchers===
The most notable target for critics are "the Watchers", giant rock creatures who help Noah build the Ark.  They've been criticized both because they're extra-biblical and because they're basically just stolen from ''The Dark Crystal''.

===Major concerns of Christians===
Emma Watson has been the center of controversy, with many [[Christians]] (okay, like three at most)<ref group=note>And one of them lives in a cabin out in Alabama.</ref> exclaiming that the film implies that [[witch]]es existed in the time of Noah.

==See also==
*[[Mel Gibson]]

==External links==
*[http://www.noahmovie.com/ ''Noah'' movie official website]
*[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1959490/ ''Noah'' on IMDb]
*[https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Film/Noah ''Noah''] on [[TV Tropes]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Noah'' (film)}}
[[Category:Global flood]]
[[Category:Films]]

Categories: Global flood, Films
Nodes of Science

{{skepnav|1}}{{cquote|Our website offers a collection of literature and resources for people interested in the science of science communication. We also share toolkits for scientific reasoning, [[critical thinking]], and skeptical inquiry.|||Nodes of Science<ref name=aboutnos />}}
'''Nodes of Science''' ('''NOS''') is an "independent [[science]] outreach and communication project" that hopes to "encourage people’s natural curiosity for public science issues".<ref name=aboutnos>{{a|https://nodesci.net/about/|About}}, Nodes of Science</ref> NOS operates websites '''nodesci.net''' (which operates as the main jumping-off point) and '''skeptiforum.org''', as well as several social media groups and sub-websites.<ref>{{a|https://nodesci.net/nodes-of-science-project-directory/|Nodes of Science Project Directory}}</ref>

==SkeptiForum==
{{cquote|Keeping the Science. Removing the Fiction.|||SkeptiForum motto<ref name=about>{{a|http://wiki.skeptiforum.org/about|About}}, SkeptiForum</ref>}}
SkeptiForum's mission is to "promote respectful, evidence-based discussions".<ref>{{a|http://skeptiforum.org/t/welcome-to-skepti-forum/8|Welcome to SkeptiForum}}</ref> SkeptiForum has useful resources on the following topics:

*Good sources of information: {{web|Sources that are pro-science and pro-skepticism|http://skeptiforum.org/t/science-skepticism-reference-wiki/28/1}}, {{web|sources "for finding and evaluating information"|http://skeptiforum.org/t/how-to-find-and-evaluate-information/70}}, {{web|science communication blogs/websites|http://skeptiforum.org/t/wiki-of-science-communication-blogs-websites-and-articles/42/1}}, 
*[[GMO]]s: Discussions include {{web|general GMO articles|http://skeptiforum.org/t/wiki-of-gmo-and-biotechnology-related-articles/44}}, {{web|[[Monsanto]] and [[glyphosate]]|http://skeptiforum.org/t/monsanto-and-the-case-of-unsealed-documents-on-glyphosate/51}}, {{web|pesticides in general|http://skeptiforum.org/t/wiki-of-pesticide-chemical-and-toxin-related-resources/45}}
*[[Vaccine]]s: {{web|A small list of vaccine resources|http://skeptiforum.org/t/wiki-of-vaccine-references/47}}

As of October 2017, SkeptiForum was very inactive, at only ~20 posts in the past month.<ref name=about />

==See also==
*[[Talk.Origins]]
*[[Metabunk]]

==External links==
*[https://nodesci.net/ Nodesci.net]
*[http://skeptiforum.org/ SkeptiForum.org]

==References==
{{reflist}}
__NOTOC__
Non sequitur (français)

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Non sequitur'' (français)}} 
{{hatnote|This is a French translation of [[Non sequitur]].}}
[[Image:Chat pousse une pastèque hors d'un lac.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Un exemple d'un argument qui repose sur le ''non sequitur''.]]{{logicnavFR}}
La locution latine '''non sequitur''' (signifiant qui ne suit pas) désigne des raisonnements fallacieux dont la conclusion n'est pas valide du fait des prémisses. La conclusion n'est pas forcément fausse, mais elle ne saurait être prouvée par l'argumentation qui est faite.

==Formes==
Le ''Non sequitur'' peut prendre de nombreuses formes :

===Affirmation du conséquent===

A implique B

or B

donc A

===''Post hoc ergo propter hoc'' (ceci avant cela donc ceci cause cela)===

A puis B donc A implique B

===''Argumentum ad verecundiam'' (appel à l'autorité)===
A affirme B

A fait autorité dans le domaine (et il y a consensus), donc B

(remarque : l'''ad verecundiam'' suivant A affirme B, A fait autorité dans le domaine et il y a consensus sur la question donc B probablement vrai n'est pas ''non sequitur'')

''l'ad populum'' (appel au peuple), ''l'ad antiquitatem'' (appel à la tradition), l'appel à la nature... sont des cas particuliers d'appel à l'autorité.

===''Argumentum ad hominem''===

A affirme B

A a commis des actions qui le rende peu fiable

donc B faux

====''Tu quoque'' (accusation d'hypocrisie)====
''Ad hominem'' particulier de forme :

A critique B négativement

Or A fait B

donc critique par A de B fausse

==Exemples==
*Je suis un éléphant donc la terre est carrée.
*Albert Einstein a défendue la théorie de la relativité générale, donc cette théorie est vraie.
*De tout temps, les peuples ont cru en dieu, ce qui prouve son existence.
==Voir aussi==
{{otherlang
|pagelang=fr
|en=Non sequitur}}

[[Category:Français]]
[[Category:Logique]]

Categories: Français, Logique
Norman Geisler

{{christianity|1}}
'''Norman L. Geisler''' {{lived|1932|2019}} was a [[Christian apologetics|Christian apologist]], [[author]], and the co-founder of Southern Evangelical Seminary.<ref>Southern Evangelical Seminary: [http://ses.edu/about-us/history-of-ses History of Southern Evangelical Seminary]</ref> He described himself as a "moderate Calvinist."<ref>Norman Geisler, Chosen but Free, 129.</ref> He received his Ph.D. in [[philosophy]] from Loyola University.<ref name=about>Dr. Norman L. Geisler: [http://www.normgeisler.com/about/default.htm About Dr. Geisler]</ref>

Geisler took issue with many of the concepts of traditional [[Calvinism]]. Regarding limited atonement he believed that the atonement is limited only in result.<ref>[http://www.calvaryvista.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=265:soteriology-in-the-middle-by-kellen-criswell&catid=42:apologetics-corner Soteriology in the Middle by Kellen Criswell]</ref> Geisler has published several books.<ref name=about />

Geisler was also heavily involved in the drafting of the [[fundamentalist]] [[Chicago Statement]]s,<ref>[http://www.spurgeon.org/~phil/creeds/chicago.htm The Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy]</ref> writing extensive commentary on them; quite an ironic task, considering that the statements were intended to speak to the "clarity of [[Scripture]]."

==Publications==
* ''If God, Why Evil?'' (Bethany, 2011).
* ''Making Sense of Bible Difficulties'' (Baker, 2009).
* ''The Apologetics of Jesus'' (Baker, 2009).
* ''The Big Book of Bible Difficulties'' (Baker, 2008).
* ''When Skeptics Ask'' (Baker, 2008).
* ''Is Rome the True Church?: A Consideration of the Roman Catholic Claim'' (Crossway, 2008).
* ''Conviction Without Compromise'' (Harvest House, 2008).
* ''Love Your Neighbor'' (Crossway, 2007).
* ''Correcting The Cults'' (Baker, 2005).
* ''Bringing Your Faith To Work'' (Baker, 2005).
* ''Who Made God?'' (Zondervan, 2003).
* ''Is Your Church Ready?'' (Zondervan, 2003).
* ''I Don't Have Enough Faith to Be an Atheist'' (Crossway, 2004), co-authored with [[Frank Turek]].<ref>[[Steve Shives]] gave it [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0-LSnSBNIncKfFDrz7TrKmtAAUjC7rkZ a scathing, commented read-through] in his ''An Atheist Reads...'' series</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.normgeisler.com/ Dr. Norman L. Geisler] – his website

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|Christianity|Christianity}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Geisler, Norman}}
{{apolbox}}

[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Christian apologists]]

Categories: Authors, Christian apologists
Norman Nevin

{{crenav|1}}
'''Prof. Norman Nevin''' {{lived|1935|2014}}<ref>[https://www.c4id.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=260:prof-norman-c-nevin-obe-an-obituary&catid=52:frontpage&Itemid=1 Prof Norman Nevin, OBE &mdash; An Obituary] Centre for Intelligent Design</ref> was Emeritus Professor of Medical Genetics at Queens University, Belfast ([[Northern Ireland]]).

He was the leader of a group of [[scientist]]s which endorsed the actions of the anti-[[evolutionary]] group of scientists who endorsed the work of the [[intelligent design]]-supporting website [[Truth in Science]] in 2007.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070109080939/http://www.truthinscience.org.uk/site/content/view/217/63/ Senior academics support Truth in Science] (1 January 2007) ''Truth in Science'' (archived from January 9, 2007).</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/ni/2007/01/norman_nevin_defends_truth_in_1.html Norman Nevin defends ID] by William Crawley (20:30 UK time, Wednesday, 3 January 2007) ''BBC''.</ref>

He was the president of the [[Creationism_in_the_UK#Centre_for_intelligent_design|Centre for Intelligent Design]] in Glasgow, [[Scotland]] through 2013.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130423060646/http://www.c4id.org.uk:80/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=166&Itemid=26 About CID] Centre for Intelligent Design (archived from April 23, 2013).</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|creationism}}
{{crebox|1}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nevin, Norman}}

[[Category:Ireland]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience promoters]]
[[Category:Scientists]]

Categories: Ireland, Pseudoscience promoters, Scientists
North

{{fork}}
*[[Gary North]], [[Dominionism|Dominionist]] writer
*[[Oliver North]], involved in the [[Iran-Contra scandal]]
*One of the poles of a [[magnet]], including the [[Earth]]'s [[geomagnetism|geomagnetic]] north pole.
**A direction on the compass that indicates geographic proximity to said pole. Often used as a disambiguator in place names such as [[North America]], [[North Carolina]], [[North Dakota]], [[North Korea]], [[North Macedonia]], etc.
**[[Hyperborea]] — a mythical far northern location on Earth
**[[Arctic]] — the actual far North
*{{wpl|Global north}}; a [[political correctness|value free]] label for the developed countries of the world that is meant to replace the old [[Cold War]]-era label "first world"
Northcom

{{sources needed}}{{war}}
'''Northcom''', or the [[United States]] Northern Command (USNORTHCOM), is the unified command for [[North America]] under the Department of Defense (DoD). It is in charge of military operations on the North American continent and is largely integrated with [[NATO]].

Some [[conspiracy theorists]] (mainly [[Alex Jones]]) believe that this operational command is a symbol to the people that the government of the United States has declared war on its citizens.  This is of course ignores all other foreign commands (AFCOM, CENTCOM, PACCOM, etc.) that we also have not declared war on.  Unless the reality is that the United States has declared war on the entire globe, in which case the DoD has done a ''very'' good job of portraying global peace.

==External links==

*[http://www.northcom.mil/home.html US Northcom website]

{{stub|military}}

[[Category:Conspiracy theories]]
[[Category:Military]]

Categories: Conspiracy theories, Military
Nosode

{{Altmed}}
A '''nosode''' is a [[homeopathy|homeopathic]]<ref>Using a strict definition of 'homeopathy', nosodes are in fact [[isopathy|isopathic]] rather than homeopathic.</ref> therapy that could be described as an 'oral vaccine'. Nosodes are derived from pathological substances; i.e. tissue, blood, pus, mucus, sweat, urine, feces from a diseased human or animal<ref>[http://www.skepdic.com/nosodes.html The Skeptic's Dictionary: ''Nosode'']</ref> but may also include [[fungi]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051103061255/http://www.similima.com/mm1.html Similima.com: ''A Study of Nosodes & Sarcodes'']</ref>

For example, a rabies nosode could be prepared from the saliva of a rabid [[dog]] which is then "potentized" through homeopathic [[water memory|succussion/dilution]] techniques. Ben Goldacre's ''Bad Science'' blog reported that Malaria Nosode 30 was made from  rotting vegetation from marsh areas where the mosquito breeds.<ref>[http://www.badscience.net/2006/09/newsnightsense-about-science-malaria-homeopathy-sting-the-transcripts/ Bad Science: Sense About Science Malaria & Homeopathy Sting]</ref>

The opposite of a nosode is a "sarcode" which is prepared from a healthy specimen.

==See also==
*[[Feces therapy]]
*[[Urine therapy]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Homeopathy]]

Categories: Homeopathy
Not in Our Genes

{{Books}}
'''''Not in Our Genes: Biology, Ideology and Human Nature''''' ({{Isbn|0140135251}}) is a 1984 book criticizing [[biological determinism]], [[racialism]], sociobiology, and related [[pseudoscience]]s. It was written by Richard Lewontin, Steven Rose, and Leon Kamin, a [[geneticist]], [[neuroscientist]], and [[psychologist]], respectively. It also takes a decidedly [[political]] stance, criticizing biological determinism etc. as supposedly being devised to justify social inequalities, and promoting a radical [[socialism|socialist]] alternative to such concepts.

==Reviews==
Unsurprisingly, prominent sociobiologist [[Richard Dawkins]] gave the book an unfavorable, tongue-in-cheek review. Some select quotes: "…to think that, through all these years working in universities, I had imagined that the purpose of [[science]] was to solve the riddles of the [[Universe]]: to comprehend the nature of existence, of [[space]] and [[time]] and of eternity; of fundamental particles spread through 100 billion galaxies; of complexity and living organisation and the slow dance through three billion years of [[Geologic timeline|geological time]]. No no, these trivial matters fade into insignificance beside the overriding need to legitimate [[bourgeois]] [[ideology]]."<ref>[https://www.richarddawkins.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Rose-Kamin-Lewontin-1994-1.pdf Review by Richard Dawkins of Not in Our Genes by S.Rose, L.Kamin, & R.Lewontin], Richard Dawkins, ''New Scientist'', January 24, 1985, pp. 59-60</ref> Also unsurprisingly, socialists were much bigger fans of the book, with one of them dubbing it an "indispensable ideological weapon" against "bigotry"..<ref>[https://isreview.org/issue/106/dialectical-biologists The Dialectical Biologists]</ref> The book has been criticized for its discussion of IQ testing, and its dismissal of research supporting a genetic basis for [[schizophrenia]].<ref>[https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/not-in-our-genes-by-richard-c-lewontin-steven-rose-and-leon-j-kamin/ Not in Our Genes, by Richard C. Lewontin, Steven Rose, and Leon J. Kamin], Bernard D. Davis, ''Commentary'', January 1985</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}
{{stub|books}}
{{title-italics}}
[[Category:Books-related stubs]]

Categories: Books-related stubs
Nova

{{fork}}

* [[Nova Scotia]]
* [[Joanne Nova]]
* A science show on [[PBS]], which has been hosted by both [[Carl Sagan]] and [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]]
* A model of Chevrolet [[automobile]], known in Spanish as ''no va'' (''does not work'')
* A Marvel Comics superhero with the secret identity of Richard Rider
* A white dwarf [[star]] in a mass-exchange binary system that accretes enough material on its surface to undergo a burst of [[nuclear fusion]]
* A [[Latin]] adjective meaning "new"