Wim Hof

[[File:Wim Hof.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Wim Hof in a box of ice cubes. ''Brrrrrr''.]]
{{Altmed}}
'''Wim Hof''' {{lived|1959|}} is a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] daredevil and [[wellness]] influencer<ref name=mahdawi/> famous for his ability to withstand extremely cold temperatures for long periods of time. Hof holds several world records; he stayed underwater at the North Pole for six minutes and 20 seconds, and ran 21 km in -25°C weather.<ref>[http://www.explorersweb.com/everest_k2/news.php?id=15688 Dutch Iceman to climb Everest in shorts: It's all about the inner fire]</ref><ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/2020/iceman-marathon-man-feats-human-endurance/story?id=10731229 '''Iceman' and 'Marathon Man': Feats of Human Endurance''], ABC News.</ref> Hof claims he can control his body temperature by practicing Tummo [[meditation]]. 

He claims that his Tummo-meditation based technique can "cure 90% of all illnesses",<ref>[http://www.l1.nl/nieuws/255724-iceman-uit-sittard-zorgt-voor-medisch-wonder The Iceman uit Sittard zorgt voor medisch wonder], L1 news (Netherlands), 20 May 2014</ref> and that if everyone practices his techniques "psychiatrists would be without a job, and hospitals would only treat fractured bones".<ref>Sander Voormolen, ''IJzeren wil'' (2012). ISBN 9789035139268: "If you master this you will never get ill, because the body is too vigilant. Life quality will rise when everyone starts to learn to balance the unity between body and mind. Psychiatrists will be without a job, the hospitals will only have to treat fractured bones" (original Dutch: "Wim Hof: "Als je dit meester bent word je niet meer ziek, want het lichaam is te waakzaam geworden. De levenskwaliteit zal omhoog gaan als iedereen langzaamaan zal leren de eenheid tussen lichaam en geest te smeden. Het Riagg zal werkeloos zijn, de ziekenhuizen zullen alleen nog maar botbreuken hoeven [te] behandelen.")</ref> Well, at least he doesn't claim it's a ''complete'' [[panacea]], though this is by a hair.

Studies done on this [[yoga]] practice suggest it can indeed be used to increase or maintain one's body temperature, and one of them suggests that these effects may be due to a combination of the [[placebo effect]] and muscle movements that are part of the technique.<ref>[http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0058244  Neurocognitive and Somatic Components of Temperature Increases during g-Tummo Meditation: Legend and Reality]</ref><ref>[http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/2002/04.18/09-tummo.html ''Meditation changes temperatures:'' Mind controls body in extreme experiments], William J. Cromie, Harvard Gazette.</ref> A 2013 study by Kozhevnikov and colleagues showed increases in core body temperature in ''both'' expert meditators from eastern Tibet and Western non-meditators.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kozhevnikov |first=Elliot |year=2013 |title=Neurocognitive and Somatic Components of Temperature Increases during g-Tummo Meditation: Legend and Reality |url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0058244}}</ref>

A study in 2014 conducted by Matthijs Kox involved testing the immune response of people following Hof's methods for 10 days against a control group when both were exposed to an inflammatory agent; the Hoffers showed lower levels of inflammation, nausea, and fever. However the research didn't indicate which elements of Hof's practice were responsible for the improvement, or explain exactly why they worked.<ref name=discover/>

==Wim Hof Method==
Hof promotes an eponymous method through his website and in a 2020 book of the same name (''De Wim Hof methode'' in Dutch).<ref>''The Wim Hof Method: Activate Your Potential, Transcend Your Limits'', Wim Hof, Rider, 2020</ref> According to Hof, the method has three pillars: cold therapy, breathing, and commitment.<ref>[https://www.wimhofmethod.com/practice-the-method What is the Wim Hof Method?], Wim Hof Method website, accessed Oct 29, 2020</ref> His method combines cold showers ("the gateway to flow and energy and peace") and wearing less clothes (he claims wearing too many clothes "de-stimulates" the cardiovascular system leading to heart disease), with deep breathing.<ref>"Cold Comfort" (review of The Wim Hof Method by Wim Hof), Private Eye, No 1533, 23 October 2020</ref> Together the cold and breathing are supposed to promote mental fortitude. He claims his breathing techniques maintain optimum adrenaline levels and also blathers on about mitochondria and [[Alkaline diet|blood alkalinity]]; studies show breath control can induce a rest state and relieve stress, but the rest of it is less convincing.<ref name=discover>[https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/can-breathing-like-wim-hof-make-us-superhuman Can Breathing Like Wim Hof Make Us Superhuman?], Discover Magazine, July 6, 2017</ref>

As of 2024, "Considering all the studies, the WHM may produce promising immunomodulatory effects but
more research of higher quality is needed to substantiate this finding."<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38478473/ Does the Wim Hof Method have a beneficial impact on physiological and psychological outcomes in healthy and non-healthy participants? A systematic review], Mar 13, 2024</ref>

==Allegations of domestic violence==
In 2024, Hof's ex-partner, their son and other children made allegations against Hof that he committed acts of "horrific [[domestic violence]]".<ref name=mahdawi>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/oct/02/the-iceman-wim-hof-has-found-himself-in-hot-water-why-are-there-so-many-awful-stories-about-the-wellness-bros- Russell Brand, Andrew Huberman and now Wim Hof: why are there so many awful stories about wellness bros? The Dutch guru denies allegations of domestic violence. But work has stopped on his biopic] Arwa Mahdawi (2 Oct 2024 06.00 EDT) ''The Guardian''.</ref><ref>[https://www.volkskrant.nl/kijkverder/v/2024/the-outside-world-knows-wim-hof-as-the-eccentric-iceman-his-family-suffered-domestic-violence~v1176564/ The outside world knows Wim Hof as the eccentric Iceman. His family suffered domestic violence] by Anneke Stoffelen & Robert van de Griend (28 September 2024, 05:00) ''deVolkskrant''.</ref>

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20240000000000*/http://www.icemanwimhof.com/ Archived copies of his webpage]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

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[[Category:Alternative medicine promoters]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Netherlands]]

Categories: Alternative medicine promoters, Authors, Living people, Netherlands