Snopes

[[File:Snopes.png|right|165px|thumb|Logo]]{{skepnav|1}}{{internet}}
{{Sources needed}}
'''Snopes.com''' is a website founded by Barbara and David Mikkelson (David has also used the [[pseudonym]] Jeff Zarronandia<ref name=jones>[https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/deansterlingjones/snopes-cofounder-plagiarism-mikkelson The Co-Founder Of Snopes Wrote Dozens Of Plagiarized Articles For The Fact-Checking Site] by Dean Sterling Jones (August 13, 2021, at 10:19 a.m. ET) ''BuzzFeed News''.</ref>) that dedicates itself to researching and confirming the truth behind 
stupidity
 [[urban legend]]s, chain e-mails, and other stories of uncertain origin. Some of this includes various forms of [[woo]], [[religious]] stories, and [[myth]]s about politicians ([[Barack Obama]], [[George W. Bush]], [[Donald Trump]], [[Sarah Palin]], [[Mike Huckabee]], and [[Bill Clinton|Bill]] and [[Hillary Clinton]] all have their own sections).

Prior to founding Snopes, David Mikkelson was a [[troll]] on the [[Usenet]] group alt.folklore.urban in the 1990s, where he was basically stress-testing the limits of [[credulity]] on that forum. From that experience, the Mikkelsons founded Snopes.<ref>"Usenet Communities and the Cultural Politics of Information" by Michele Tepper. In: ''Internet Culture'', edited by David Porter (1997). Routledge. ISBN 9780203699560.</ref>{{rp|48}}

[[Woo]]-pushers, the [[fringe]] on either end of the [[political spectrum]], and those who benefit from these stories tend to dismiss Snopes as wrong or biased, despite research showing it isn't.  The writers of many chain emails have found a different way to help neutralize Snopes' effectiveness, by announcing that their claim was confirmed by Snopes (since few recipients will check to see if it really did).  

Lest people think Snopes is simply biased or just plain cynical, a surprising number of myths actually turn out to be true (although usually in a much more mundane way than the chain letters imply). Randomly browsing Snopes is a fun way to kill your day, right up there with [[TV Tropes]] and [[Cracked]].

==Methodology==
Snopes articles usually consist of little more than a claim that they investigated, the site's findings on the veracity of that claim, and citation footnotes.  On May 15, 2015, the site chose to publish a more detailed article showing the methodology they used to rebut one long-time Hollywood myth -- that Clark Gable had killed a pedestrian while driving drunk in 1945 (or was it 1933?) and the alleged [[coverup]] by MGM that ensued.  Their results show how two separate incidents in Gable's life, one possible incident in the life of John Huston, and the willingness of people to believe the worst about the movie industry, combined in the minds of those who were reminiscing about Gable to form one scandalous (and slanderous) story that has since become part of the canon of Hollywood history.<ref>Mikkelson, David.  [http://www.snopes.com/movies/actors/gablecrash.asp Crash Course — Rumor: Clark Gable killed a pedestrian while driving drunk, but MGM covered up the accident.]  Retrieved June 2, 2016.</ref>

==History==
"Snopes" was originally a name taken from the novels of William Faulkner and used in online forums by computer scientist David Mikkelson. He was a regular of Usenet group alt.folklore.urban, a forum dedicated to sharing, analysing, and sometimes debunking [[urban legend]]s. He met a Canadian woman, Barbara Hamel, on the forum, and they married and set up home in California. Snopes was established in 1994 by the two of them as an offshoot of alt.folklore.urban; in the early years it did not have a political focus and centred on investigating and debunking all kinds of myths, old wives' tales, and folk wisdom.<ref name=wired>[https://www.wired.com/story/snopes-and-the-search-for-facts-in-a-post-fact-world/ Snopes and the search for facts in a post-fact world], Michelle Dean, ''Wired'', 20 Sep 2017</ref>

David lost his job in 2002 and began working full-time on the site, which from 2003 was owned by a company Bardav Inc, with ownership shared equally by David and Barbara. David did the technical side, Barbara the financial side, and both researched and wrote articles. With [[9/11]] and then the [[Obama citizenship denial|unfounded rumors about Barack Obama's nationality]], it began to move into more and more political areas. It really expanded following 2014, when it hired Kim LaCapria as a researcher/writer, and then took on additional staff. The rise of [[Donald Trump]] and the increasing prevalence of [[fake news]] made it an ever more important resource.<ref name=wired/>

To the glee of conspiracy theorists, fraudsters, and other enemies of the site, David and Barbara's marriage went down the pan in May 2014 amid accusations of infidelity against David (in 2016 David remarried, to Elyssa Young, a former Libertarian Party candidate). The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' gleefully reported on all the marital troubles as well as the bitter fight for ownership of the website. By 2016, the site had revenues of up to US$ 200,000 per month, so it was a valuable property, and the disputes between Barbara and David were acrimonious. In July 2016, she sold her stake to Proper Media, which was already acting as Snopes.com's advertising broker. David in turn broke off the agreement to sell advertising via Proper Media, which however remained the co-owner, and it descended into even more bitter litigation. The result was a 2017 GoFundMe campaign by David Mikkelson to "save" the site and help him re-establish his control.<ref name=wired/> This proved successful, but all the struggles were greatly amusing to the ''Daily Mail'' and other purveyors of fake news.

As of 2017, Snopes had 13 staff, including researchers, technical, and graphics.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2017/07/26/539576135/fact-checking-website-snopes-is-fighting-to-stay-alive Who's The True Boss Of Snopes? Legal Fight Puts Fact-Check Site At Risk], NPR, 26 July 2017</ref> Shortly after the 2016 US Presidential election, [[Facebook]] announced it would partner with Snopes and four other fact-checking sites to rate the truthfulness of news stories shared through the social network — something that cost Facebook a pittance and was basically a [[PR]] scheme dreamed up by Facebook.<ref name=rodriguez>[https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/01/snopes-leaves-facebook-fact-check-program.html Snopes quits fact-checking partnership with Facebook] by Salvador Rodriguez (FEB 1 20192:35 PM EST; UPDATED FRI, FEB 1 20193:03 PM EST) ''NCBC''.</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/dec/13/they-dont-care-facebook-fact-checking-in-disarray-as-journalists-push-to-cut-ties 'They don't care': Facebook factchecking in disarray as journalists push to cut ties] by Sam Levin (13 Dec 2018 03.00 EST) ''The Guardian''.</ref>

==Accusations of bias==
{{hatnote|For more detail on the way [[cranks]] always react to skeptics, see our articles on [[Guerrilla Skepticism on Wikipedia]] and the [[shill gambit]].}}
Anyone who insists that their personal [[myth]] is [[fact]], whether that be [[Moon landing hoax|moonhoaxers]], [[9/11 truthers]], or [[bigfoot]]ers, will insist that Snopes is wrong because everyone but themselves is biased against the "[[truth]]".  [[FactCheck.org]], a nonprofit website dedicated to, umm, checking facts, reported that Snopes was completely unbiased.<ref>http://www.factcheck.org/2009/04/snopescom/ FactCheck on Snopes</ref> 
According to [[Media Bias/Fact Check]], Snopes has a rating of "left-center".<ref>[https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/snopes/ Snopes] Media Bias/Fact Check.</ref> This of course proves that both FactCheck ''and'' Media Bias/Fact Check are also part of the [[conspiracy]].{{nofact}}

In an extraordinary example of media eating itself, fake news merchants have distributed a meme on Facebook saying that FactCheck.org had condemned Snopes as an "extremely liberal propaganda site". The meme also claimed that Snopes was associated with [[George Soros]] (supposed boss of the [[international Jewish conspiracy]]) and the [[Democratic Party|Democratic National Committee]]. FactCheck.org duly published another article praising Snopes's lack of bias and totally debunking this claim and associated photographs that wrongly identified Hungarian ex-PM Gordon Bajnai as Mikkelson.<ref>[https://www.factcheck.org/2018/03/meme-falsely-claims-exposed-snopes-com/ Meme Falsely Claims We ‘Exposed’ Snopes.com], FactCheck.org, March 6, 2018</ref>

==Website==
If you were to visit the website prior to 2014, you would get horrid flashbacks to the dark ages of the intertubes, when everyone used {{wpl|Geocities}} and people still made jokes about AOL free trials.  Luckily, the website finally underwent an overhaul, which spares users' sight-bladders.

==Plagiarism==
{{main|Plagiarism}}
In 2021, co-founder David Mikkelson (but none of the staff writers) was discovered to have engaged in plagiarism in dozens of stories that he had written.<ref name=jones/> Mikkelson and Snopes have acknowledged and apologized for this behavior.<ref name=jones/>

==See also==
*[[International Fact-Checking Network]]
*[[Quote Investigator]]
*[[Obama citizenship denial|Obama birth certificate controversy]]

==External links==
*[http://www.Snopes.com Snopes.com] the site itself. Everything you know is wrong. Enjoy.
*[http://www.snopes.com/?s=RationalWiki somebody noticed us!]
*[https://www.snopes.com/disclosures/ Snopes' Disclosures page], detailing their funding, revenues, and expenditure

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}
[[Category:American media]]
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Google News Fact Check]]
[[Category:Skeptical organizations]]
[[Category:Websites]]

Categories: American media, California, Google News Fact Check, Skeptical organizations, Websites