Thomas Edison

[[File:Edison in his NJ laboratory 1901.jpg|thumb|165px|Edison can't wait for the photographer to piss off.]]{{sciencenav}}{{technav}}
{{cquote|Through all the years of experimenting and research, I never once made a discovery. I start where the last man left off. … All my work was deductive, and the results I achieved were those of invention pure and simple.|||Thomas Edison<ref>As quoted in Makers of the Modern World : The Lives of Ninety-two Writers, Artists, Scientists, Statesmen, Inventors, Philosophers, Composers, and Other Creators who Formed the Pattern of Our Century (1955) by Louis Untermeyer, p. 227.</ref>}}
'''Thomas Alva Edison''' (1847-1931), ''"The Wizard of Menlo Park"'', was an ingenious [[United States|American]] inventor who was not particularly kind towards his rivals. In fact, he was pretty much an all-around jerk and asshole.<ref>http://www.blastr.com/2011/03/6_beloved_scientists_who.php</ref>

==Inventions and patents==
{{cquote|I came from Paris in the Spring of 1884, and was brought in intimate contact with him [Thomas Edison]. We experimented day and night, holidays not excepted. His existence was made up of alternate periods of work and sleep in the laboratory. He had no hobby, cared for no sport or amusement of any kind and lived in utter disregard of the most elementary rules of hygiene. There can be no doubt that, if he had not married later a woman of exceptional intelligence, who made it the one object of her life to preserve him, he would have died many years ago from consequences of sheer neglect. So great and uncontrollable was his passion for work.|||[[Nikola Tesla]]}}
Apart from the phonograph, most of his inventions were improvements and adaptations of existing products, although this should not detract from the fact that he brought, for instance, the incandescent light bulb from being a laboratory device to commercial viability.

Edison's major rivals, during the late 19<sup>th</sup> century, were George Westinghouse and [[Nikola Tesla]], who had once been an associate of Edison.  In the so-called "War of Currents", Edison favored using "Direct Current" or "DC"-based power systems, arguing that DC power was safer than the more powerful "Alternating Current" or "AC" power systems which Westinghouse and Tesla were developing. Ultimately AC power came to be used much more widely, though Edison remains a more famous figure than his adversaries, due to his inventions and his business successes.

He claimed [[Non-violence|opposition to violence]], stating; 

{{quotebox|"I am proud of the fact that I never invented weapons to kill."<ref>http://www.thomasedison.com/quotes.html</ref>}}

According to a quote of disputed<ref>https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison#Disputed As quoted in The A-V Magazine Vol. 89, No. 1 (January 1981), p. 18, and The Extended Circle : A Dictionary of Humane Thought (1985) by Jon Wynne-Tyson, p. 75; this has been cited to "Harper's Magazine (1890)" but no occurence prior to the 1981 appearance has been located.</ref> authenticity, Edison's philosophy of nonviolence extended to animals as well, about which he allegedly stated:

{{quotebox|"Nonviolence leads to the highest [[ethics]], which is the goal of all [[evolution]]. Until we stop harming all other living beings, we are still savages."}}

These two quotes seem to be outright lies as Edison promoted use of the electric chair. However, he never electrocuted an elephant publicly and in fact "Topsy" was killed by a circus for reasons wholly unrelated to Edison.<ref>[http://edison.rutgers.edu/topsy.htm Myth Buster-Topsy the Elephant: Did Edison really electrocute Topsy the Elephant? ] The Thomas A. Edison Papers (Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences).</ref> While already obviously unrelated to the war of currents as it happened in 1903, approximately a decade after that conflict concluded, the only relationship the incident has with Edison is that his company's filmstock was used to record it. There was, however, the unfortunate bit that in his effort to convince people of the danger of AC he killed a number of animals...so maybe the consideration for living beings didn't really apply when his profits from electricity generation were at stake.<ref>http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/thomas-edison-history-electrocuting-dogs-horses-people-article-1.2969425</ref>

==On religion==
Edison has been accused of being an [[atheist]] based on some of his remarks, though it is almost certain that he was either an [[agnosticism|agnostic]] or most likely a [[deist]]. While he did make statements regarding religion such as these:

{{quotebox|"Nature is what we know. We do not know the gods of religions. And nature is not kind, or merciful, or loving. If [[God]] made me&mdash;the fabled God of the three qualities of which I spoke: mercy, kindness, love&mdash;He also made the fish I catch and eat. And where do His mercy, kindness, and love for that fish come in? No; nature made us&mdash;nature did it all&mdash;not the gods of the religions."<ref>October 2, 1910, interview in the New York Times Magazine</ref>}}

{{quotebox|"So far as the religion of the day is concerned, it is a damned fake … Religion is all [[Bullshit|bunk]]."<ref>What on Earth is an Atheist! (1972) by Madalyn Murray O'Hair, p. 251</ref>}}

{{quotebox|"I have never seen the slightest scientific proof of the religious ideas of heaven and hell, of future life for individuals, or of a personal God."<ref>As quoted in Jesus : Myth Or Reality? (2006) by Ian Curtis, p. 289.</ref>}}

And while he also did not believe in an eternal [[soul]] or an [[afterlife]]:

{{quotebox|"…it is doubtful in my opinion if our intelligence or soul or whatever one may call it lives hereafter as an entity or disperses back again from whence it came, scattered amongst the cells of which we are made."<ref>Israel, Paul (2000). Edison: A Life of Invention. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0471362700.</ref>}}

{{quotebox|"My mind is incapable of conceiving such a thing as a soul. I may be in error, and man may have a soul; but I simply do not believe it. What a soul may be is beyond my understanding."<ref>"Do We Live Again?" an interview with Edison, as quoted in Mr. Edison's New Argument from Design" in The Illustrated London News (3 May 1924)</ref>}}

It is also clear that he believed in a supreme being of some kind, which essentially lands him in the [[deist]] camp:

{{quotebox|I do not believe in the God of the theologians; but that there is a Supreme Intelligence I do not doubt.<ref>The Freethinker (1970), G.W. Foote & Company, Volume 90, p. 147.</ref>}}

{{quotebox|I believe in the existence of a Supreme Intelligence pervading the Universe.<ref>As quoted in Thomas A. Edison, Benefactor of Mankind : The Romantic Life Story of the World's Greatest Inventor (1931) by Francis Trevelyan Miller, Ch. 25 : Edison's Views on Life — His Philosophy and Religion, p. 293.</ref>}}

==Final words and death==
His final words are often taken by [[Belief|certain people]] with [[Afterlife|certain beliefs]] as a sign that he had a [[Near-death_experience|vision of the next world]]:

{{quotebox|"It is very beautiful over there!"}}

These have sometimes been reported as his last words, but were actually spoken several days before his death, as he awoke from a nap, gazing upwards, as reported by his physician Dr. Hubert S. Howe.<ref>Thomas A. Edison, Benefactor of Mankind : The Romantic Life Story of the World's Greatest Inventor (1931) by Francis Trevelyan Miller, Ch. 25 : Edison's Views on Life — His Philosophy and Religion, p. 295.</ref> 

In an ironic finale, Edison's wife signaled his death to the press by turning a light ''on'', not off, in a window of the house.

==See also==
*[[Nikola Tesla]]

==External links==
*{{wpa|Thomas_Edison|Edison}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11E_MMbiVyk Interview with Thomas Edison on his 84th birthday in 1931] ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgwY2SdRJ_4 alternate version])
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFN-nxifFf4 Two speeches by Thomas Edison (1929)]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNszspGZd7A Edison, Henry Ford, & Harvey Firestone Radio Talk (1929)]

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

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