Hugh Ross

[[File:RTB Hugh Ross.jpg|thumb|165px|Hugh Ross in 2014.]]{{crenav|1}}
'''Hugh Norman Ross''' {{lived|1945|}} is a [[Canada|Canadian]] [[astrophysicist]] and [[Christian]] [[Old Earth creationism|old-earth creationist]]. He has a B.S. in [[physics]] and a Ph.D. in [[astronomy]], and is the owner and president of [[Reasons To Believe]], a Christian [[think tank]] that advocates [[progressive creationism]].<ref>[http://www.reasons.org/about/who-we-are/hugh-ross Dr. Hugh Ross]</ref> Ross accepts the scientific consensus on an old age of the [[Earth]] and of the [[Universe]] but rejects [[evolution]] and the scientific evidence for evolution. Ross is a prolific writer of books on intelligent design in which he attempts to reconcile the [[Bible]] and science. He has extensively criticized [[young earth creationism]].

==Creationism==
Ross defends progressive creationism, the view that although the earth is billions of years old, life did not appear by natural evolution. Instead, a [[supernatural]] [[god]] formed different lifeforms in progressive stages.<ref>Pennock, Robert T. (2000) Tower of Babel, The Evidence against the New Creationism. The MIT Press. p. 20.</ref>

His attempts to reconcile an old universe with a [[Biblical literalism|literal interpretation]] of [[Genesis]] have been known to engender some ''[[ad hoc]]'' [[hypotheses]] ([[The Flood]] was local, a [[Day-age creationism|day–age]] interpretation of Genesis Chapter 1). According to Ross, however, his position &mdash; rejecting science on the topic of evolution but accepting it on the origin of the Universe &mdash; is justified by the fact that the origin of the universe is established by true science (astronomy, his own field), whereas claims about the origin and development of life on Earth are mere speculation:
{{cquote|Outside of astronomy, the question of origins is not science, but rather history. Origins research seeks to recount the events of a unique, one-time occurrence in the past. With the exception of astronomy, the opportunity to design and repeat carefully controlled experiments is not available to those engaged in deciphering origins.<ref>Rana, F.; Deem, R.; & Ross, H. "A Scientific and Biblical Response To: 'Up from the Apes. Remarkable New Evidence Is Filling in the Story of How We Became Human', Time, August 23, 1999". The article is currently only available, it seems, from the webpage of the [[John Ankerberg]]-run Ankerberg’s Theological Research Institute, [http://www.ankerberg.com/Articles/science/SC0304W2RA.htm here].</ref>}}
His numerous books are dedicated to the goal of proving the complete compatibility of modern science with the word of the Bible. In fact, it is apparently only his particular brand of Christianity that will stand the test:
{{cquote|The beginning occurred only a few billion years ago and places the cause of the universe outside, that is, independent of, [[matter]], [[energy]], [[space]], and [[time]]. Theologically this means that the Cause of the universe is independent of and transcendent to the universe. The Christian faith is the only one religion among the belief systems of humankind that teaches such a doctrine about the Creator. (Several religions like [[Judaism]], [[Islam]], and [[Mormonism]] accept as valid at least portions of the [[Old Testament|Old]] and [[New Testament]]s but every one of them, outside of Christianity, denies, at least in part, God's transcendence and extra-dimensional attributes.<ref>Ross, H.: “Creation and Time”, pp.129.</ref>}}

Young earth creationists have criticized Ross for accepting an old earth and have claimed that he has misrepresented Christianity.<ref>[http://www.bible.ca/tracks/b-hugh-ross.htm YEC website]</ref><ref>[http://www.trueorigin.org/hughross02.asp The Dubious Apologetics of Hugh Ross by Danny Faulkner]</ref> The [[scientific]] community has also claimed that the views of Ross on creationism are [[pseudoscientific]].<ref>[http://www.talkreason.org/articles/ross.cfm A Crusade of Arrogance By Mark Perakh]</ref>

==Ross on creationism's testable predictions==
Ross has even granted that [[Intelligent Design]] is not a scientific hypothesis and should not be taught in schools. Luckily, he does have his own "testable" version at hand. In his book, ''Creation As Science: A Testable Model Approach to End the Creation/Evolution Wars'' he provided 90 "scientific" predictions made by his brand of creationism.<ref>''Creation As Science: A Testable Model Approach to End the Creation/Evolution Wars'' by Hugh Ross (2006) Navpress Publishing Group. ISBN 1576835782.</ref> Unfortunately, his predictions are all vague, non-quantitative and even silly interpretations made after the fact to fit his prior assumptions, and formulated in a manner that ensures that there is no way they would [[Falsifiability|falsify]] his preferred hypothesis, or that it would be possible to devise an experiment that would actually test them. It is also left fully open how he derived them. For instance, one of his predictions is "Genesis's perfect fit with the [[fossil record]];" it is, however, unclear what that even means, how it counts as a prediction, or how Ross understands the data to make it fit with a hypothesis he does not even spell out. Most of the “predictions” – the ones that make sense or are even remotely precise – are also completely compatible with evolution.<ref>Pharyngula, [http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2006/10/09/hugh-rosss-testable-scientific/ post from October 2006].</ref>

One example of his “testable predictions” (from his book ''Lights In the Sky and Little Green Men: A Rational Christian Look at UFO’s and Extraterrestrials''<ref>''Lights In the Sky and Little Green Men: A Rational Christian Look at UFO’s and Extraterrestrials'' by Hugh Ross (2002) NavPress Publishing Grou. ISBN 1576832082.</ref>) is that "[[UFO]]'s come from the [[Devil]]." Ross claims that it can be tested as follows: “according to the Bible” [[demons]] only attack people who dip into the [[occult]] and make themselves vulnerable. Hence, "[a]ll that is necessary to further prove the conclusions of demonic involvement […] is to continue surveying people to ascertain who has encounters with residual UFO's and who does not. If the demonic identification of the RUFO phenomenon is correct, researchers should continue to observe a correlation between the degree of invitations in a person's life to demonic attacks (for example, participation in seances, [[Ouija board|Uija{{sic}} games]], [[astrology]], [[spiritualism]], [[witchcraft]], [[Palmistry|palm reading]], and [[psychic]] reading) and the proximity of their residual UFO encounters.”<ref>Dispatches from the Culture Wars, citing Lenny Flank, [http://scienceblogs.com/dispatches/2005/12/criticisms_of_hugh_ross.php post from December 2005].</ref> Some scientist might claim that there are certain methodological problems with the proposed test. Ross, however, has an alternative explanation for why scientists won't test the claim: 
{{cquote|[O]ne reason why research scientists and others may be reluctant to say that demons exist behind residual UFO's is because such an answer points too directly to a Christian interpretation of the problem.<ref>Ross et al.; “Lights In the Sky and Little Green Men: A Rational Christian Look at UFO’s and Extraterrestrials”, pp125.</ref>}}

Despite clear evidence of [[macroevolution]], where the Galapagos finch has been observed becoming a new species<ref>{{cite web|author=Lamichhanney, S.; Han, F.; Webster, M.; Anderson, L.; Grant R.; & Grant, P|date=Nov 2017|title="Rapid hybrid speciation in Darwin’s finches"|url=http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/11/20/science.aao4593}}</ref>, Ross rejects [[macroevolution]], claiming that evolution is impossible in anything but [[bacteria]]. So how does Ross explain the [[transitional fossil]]s for large animals? “God loves [[horse]]s and whales. He knows because of their huge size and small populations that they will go extinct rapidly. When they do, he makes new ones.” That, apparently, is a testable hypothesis supposed to back up his replacement of the theory of evolution. 

==External links==
*Perakh, Mark: [http://www.talkreason.org/articles/ross.cfm A Crusade of Arrogance], review of the books of Hugh Ross (per 2002), posted on [http://www.talkreason.org/ talkreason.org].

==References==
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Categories: Authors, Canadians, Living people, Pseudoscience promoters