Isaac Asimov

[[File:Isaac.Asimov01.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Asimov channeling Clark Kent.]]
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'''Isaac Asimov''' {{lived|1920|1992}} was a [[Russia]]n-born [[United States|American]] [[author]] who is credited as one of the greatest [[science fiction]] writers of all time. He is considered to be one of the "big three" of science fiction, along with [[Arthur C. Clarke]] and [[Robert A. Heinlein]]. Unlike most SF writers, he had genuine scientific credentials and also produced a lot of [[popular science]] books. He was an extremely prolific writer with broad interests — he published over 200 books, covering every section of the [[Dewey Decimal System]] except [[philosophy]].<ref> http://www.upress.state.ms.us/books/175</ref> The main character from the video game ''Dead Space'' is named Isaac Clarke is named in honor of Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke.<ref>[https://deadspace.fandom.com/wiki/Isaac_Clarke#Trivia Isaac Clarke (trivia section)], Dead Space wiki.</ref>

==Life==
Originally, Asimov started in the field of [[biochemistry]], earning a PhD in the subject in 1948 and taking a teaching position at Boston University's School of Medicine until he turned to writing full-time in 1958. He became most famed for his writing on {{wpl|robotics||,}} but during the 1960s, he shifted his focus almost entirely to writing [[popular science]], inspired by the public's new-found interest in science following the launch of {{wpl|Sputnik 1}} in 1957. The high quality and diversity of his pop-science work earned him the title of the "Great Explainer" and once prompted Kurt Vonnegut to ask him "how does it feel to know everything?" He considered himself a [[rationalist]], [[humanist]], and [[skeptic]]<ref>[http://americanindian.net/asimov.html "An Interview with Isaac Asimov"], Phil Konstantin.</ref> and also did some work in refuting [[superstition]] and [[pseudoscience]].

In 2013, the [[FBI]] released files showing that, starting in 1965, they had investigated Asimov (who had emigrated from Soviet Russia in 1923 at the age of 3) as being a possible [[Soviet]] agent.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/i-robprof-fbi-feared-muchloved-science-fiction-author-isaac-asimov-was-soviet-agent-8929976.html I, Robprof: FBI feared much-loved science fiction author Isaac Asimov was Soviet agent], ''The Independent'', November 8, 2013.</ref> Shows what ''they'' know!

Asimov contracted HIV from a medical procedure in 1983; for the rest of his life, he did not discuss it openly. During the 1980s, many public figures with HIV hid their status due to the stigma (examples include Arthur Ashe, Freddie Mercury, Robert Reed, and Rock Hudson). His HIV status would not be revealed publicly for a decade, mentioned in a biography by his wife Janet and daughter Robyn.

=== Sexism ===
Asimov had a mixed record on [[sexism]]. He wrote in his 1971 novel ''The Sensuous Dirty Old Man'' (a [[Satire|satirical]] [[pick-up artist]] book based on the actual pick-up artist book {{wpl|The Sensuous Man|''The Sensuous Man''|):}} "The question then is not whether or not a girl should be touched. The question is merely where, when, and how she should be touched."<ref name=asimovsempire>Nevala-Lee, Alec, [https://www.publicbooks.org/asimovs-empire-asimovs-wall/ "Asimov's Empire, Asimov's Wall"], Public Books, January 7, 2020.</ref>

Furthermore, in his own autobiography, he allowed Judith Merell, a fellow contemporary science-fiction writer, to write a footnote in which she claimed: "The fact is that Isaac (who was at that time [1952] a spectacularly uxorious and virtuous husband) apparently felt obliged to leer, ogle, pat, and proposition as an act of sociability. When it went, occasionally, beyond purely social enjoyability, there seemed no way to clue him in. … Asimov was known in those days, to various women, as "the man with a hundred hands".<ref>Asimov, I. ''In Memory Yet Green'', Avon 1980 edition, p. 653''n''. (Originally published by Doubleday, 1979.)</ref>

Science-fiction writer Alec Nevala-Lee would eventually point to Asimov's presence as a major factor in the early science-fiction community being overwhelmingly male-dominated, citing a number of science-fiction writers who were active at the same time as Asimov who provided accounts of Asimov kissing, hugging, and groping women at conventions.<ref name=asimovsempire></ref>

By 1987, however, Asimov seems to have realized that his behavior around women was regarded as creepy, writing in an obituary for his fellow scifi writer {{wpl|Alfred Bester||:}} "A more indirect discomfiture and a much worse one was my realization that just as I approached Alfie very warily when I saw him before he saw me, it might be possible that young women approached me just as warily, for I will not deny to you that I have long acted on the supposition that hugging, kissing, and goosing was a male prerogative, provided young women (not aging males) were the target. You have no idea how it spoiled things to me when I couldn't manage to forget that the young women might be edging away."<ref>Bester, A. ''Redemolished'', iBooks December 2000, ''In Memoriam: Alfred Bester (1913–1987)''.</ref>

==Robots==
Asimov did not originate the concept of robots or the term robot, it was a play by Czech writer Karel Čapek, first performed in 1921 and titled ''R.U.R'', which stood for "'Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti'" (which is usually translated into English as "Rossum's Universal Robots"<ref>''Rossum's Universal Robots'' by Karel Čapek (1923) Doubleday.</ref>a). Similar concepts predate ''R.U.R'' in Jewish folklore ({{wpl|Golem}}), and in Mary Shelley's ''[[Frankenstein]]''.

Asimov did however popularize the concept of robots in multiple short stories in the 1940s-1950s. In the stories, the robots call the humans "master", and the humans call the robots "boy", something that intentionally-or-not harkens to American [[slavery]].<ref>''I, Robot'' by Isaac Asimov (1950) Gnome Press.</ref> In the much later Asimov robot short story "Robot Dreams", a robot exclaimed "Let my people go!", referring to robots in the story,<ref>''Robot Dreams'' by Isaac Asimov (1989) VGSF. ISBN 0575045655.</ref>{{rp|57}} but also referencing the [[African American]] traditional song "Go Down Moses (Let My People Go)", which directly references both [[Israelite]]s escaping slavery in [[ancient Egypt]] ({{bible|Exodus|5|1}}) and in context, enslavement of African Americans.<ref name=becker>''More Everything Forever: AI Overlords, Space Empires, and Silicon Valley's Crusade to Control the Fate of Humanity'' by Adam Becker (2025) Basic Books. ISBN 1541619595.</ref>{{rp|129}}

===Three laws===
'''Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics''':
:'''First law''': A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
:'''Second law''': A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
:'''Third law''': A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

In some of the later books, these rules apparently logically lead to a "zeroth" law: "A robot may not harm Humanity or, through inaction, allow Humanity to come to harm." The ''I Robot'' series of short stories plays with these "rules", and endlessly exploits their weak links. For instance, what would happen to the laws if a human ordered a robot to kill someone, but threatened to kill ''themselves'' if the robot did not obey? Clearly, ''someone's'' head is going to explode at some point. When contradictions such as this arise, the robot is in danger of 'brain' damage, for which it may take years of 'robopsychology' to repair, if repair is even possible.<ref group=note>Asimov's recurrent robopsychologist character, Susan Calvin, explains this on multiple occasions.</ref> The first book does suffer heavily from a groundbreaker effect of sorts, in that while incredibly groundbreaking when it was first written, it's been copied and improved upon so much since that the original is now relatively ''boring''. There are some good parts that we could definitely appreciate, such as a [https://theinfosphere.org/Robotology robotic religion] complete with robotic supremacy,<ref group=note>The robot has limited information and [[Argument from ignorance|cannot understand]] how he was created by such a pathetic thing as humans, thus they are all liars. The humans don't care, because the robot still manufactures stuff and they clearly didn't read enough Isaac Asimov yet.</ref> but don't get into the book with exceptionally high expectations.

Another issue is that information needs to be available or the laws become meaningless. Discussed in his novel ''The Naked Sun'' was the potential for a robot aircraft to think that all other aircraft were robotic and thus the robot would be able to destroy aircraft full of civilians with ease. A robot could be ordered to poison some tea that no one was drinking, while a second robot could then be ordered to serve the tea if it didn't know about the first's actions.

In the film "Bicentennial Man", starring Robin Williams, a robot agrees to terminate the life of a human by unplugging her breathing machine. This supposedly does not violate the first law because the robot was relieving the human of her suffering. Unfortunately, a robot like this would decide to exterminate humanity if he came to accept the idea that "life is suffering", a doctrine promoted by religions such as Buddhism. Given that in his short stories, robots have both developed religion and become the leaders of humanity, such a scenario is not so far-fetched. In fact, in one novel, a robot allowed Earth to become radioactive in order to force the humans to colonize space.

===''I Robot'', the Movie===
The 2004 film version of ''I, Robot'' resembles the book in the following particulars:

# The title.{{efn|Which wasn't even Asimov's in the first place, as it was lifted from a 1939 collection of stories by Eando Binder at the publisher's insistence.<ref>http://www.thebestpageintheuniverse.net/c.cgi?u=i_robot</ref>}}
# Mentioning the Three Laws.
# The name Susan Calvin.

==Quotations==

Asimov made many quotable statements, but one relevant to [[RationalWiki:Mission|RationalWiki's proclaimed purpose]] is:{{aquote|There is a cult of [[ignorance]] in the United States, and there always has been. The strain of [[anti-intellectualism]] has been a constant thread winding its way through our political and cultural life, nurtured by the false notion that democracy means that "my ignorance is just as good as your knowledge."
|4=Column in ''Newsweek'' (21 January 1980) [http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/cheap/cheap1_k.htm]}}

Another we highly approve of is:{{aquote|Even as a youngster, though, I could not bring myself to believe that if [[knowledge]] [[Cognitive dissonance|presented danger]], [[Willful ignorance|the solution was ignorance]].|4="The Story Behind the Robot Novels", introduction to ''The Caves of Steel''}}

Another quote from Asimov, a motto of a character in The Foundation, is often misunderstood:{{aquote|Violence is the last refuge of the incompetent.}}
This quote does not in fact refer to [[pacifism]], but is an observation that open [[war]]fare is extremely wasteful and a leader who fails to avoid it is practically by definition incompetent. Instead, the Foundation defends itself through {{wpl|espionage||,}} {{wpl|sabotage||,}} religious dominance, and other indirect means.

{{cquote|People are [[Apophenia|entirely too disbelieving]] of [[coincidence]]. They are [[Post hoc, ergo propter hoc|far too ready to dismiss it]] and [[Adding epicycles|to build arcane structures]] [[Logical fallacies|of extremely rickety substance]] in order to avoid it. I, on the other hand, see coincidence everywhere [[Improbable things happen|as an inevitable consequence of the laws of probability]], according to which having no unusual coincidence is far more unusual than any coincidence could possibly be.|||[http://geobeck.tripod.com/frontier/planet.htm The Planet That Wasn't]}}

More quotes can be found [http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Isaac_Asimov here].

==The Sirius Mystery==
''The Sirius Mystery'' is a book by [[Robert Temple]], which claims that the [[Dogon people]] were visited in the past by [[extraterrestrial]]s from Sirius. What does this have to do with Asimov, you ask? Temple sent the book to Asimov to ask for his opinion, and Asimov remarked, "I couldn't find any mistakes in this book. That in itself is extraordinary", a statement which was then made part of the advertising blurb for the book.<ref name=sirius>[http://www.debunker.com/texts/dogon.html ''The Sirius Mystery''], excerpt from ''UFOs and Outer Space Mysteries'' by James Oberg.</ref> But Asimov did not actually support the book, saying, "Robert Temple on three different occasions, by mail and phone, attempted to get support from me and I steadfastly refused."<ref name=sirius/> He also wrote:

{{aquote|He sent me the manuscript which I found unreadable. Finally, he asked me point-blank if I could point out any errors in it and partly out of politeness, partly to get rid of him, and partly because I had been able to read very little of the book so that the answer was true, I said I could not point out any errors. He certainly did not have permission to use that statement as part of the promotion, I'll just have to be even more careful hereafter.<ref name=sirius/>}}

==External links==

* [http://www.asimovonline.com/ Isaac Asimov Home Page]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090122120437/www.stephenjaygould.org/ctrl/azimov_creationism.html Asimov on the threat of creationism] (in 1981!) — Archived from the original
* [http://chem.tufts.edu/AnswersInScience/RelativityofWrong.htm ''The Relativity of Wrong''] — see [[wronger than wrong]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

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