trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Argumentum ad sarcina inserta

{{vax}}
'''''Argumentum ad sarcina inserta''''' is a [[fallacious]] [[anti-vaccination]] [[argument]] that holds that the contents of the warnings on package inserts of vaccines and diagnostic tests indicates that the [[vaccine]] is very dangerous or that the diagnostic test has a high failure rate.

These arguments fail to take into account the actual measured rates of adverse reactions or actual measured false positive rates, or to take into account the proven beneficial effect of vaccination.

If you're curious, The [[CDC]] has is an official list of all known vaccine ingredients.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/appendices/B/excipient-table-2.pdf Vaccine Excipient Summary: Excipients Included in U.S. Vaccines, by Vaccine] (January 2019) ''Centers for Disease Control''.</ref>

==Basic format==
{{syl
|2=Package insert X says [[medicine]] Y contains ingredient Z.
|4=Ingredient Z is poisonous.
|5=C|6=Therefore, medicine Y is poisonous.
}}

The above argument, which is what most anti-med cranks default to, conveniently ignores the idea that certain qualities of an element can be cancelled out by another element. This is why sodium chloride (table [[salt]]) is safe to ingest, while chlorine gas is not. Importantly, the argument also ignores the fact that virtually everything is poisonous at some dose level ([[the dose makes the poison]]), so yes people have died from ingesting too much salt,<ref>[https://www.poison.org/articles/2013-sep/sodium-too-much-of-a-good-thing Sodium: Too Much of a Good Thing: The Dangers of Sodium Poisoning] ''National Capital Poison Center''.</ref> but not at anywhere near the levels that occur in vaccines.

Another common argument can be:
{{syl
|2=Doctor A wants to give patient B medicine C. Patient B asks if doctor A if they have read the package insert for medicine&nbsp;C.
|4=Doctor A says he has not read the full package insert for medicine C.
|5=C|6=Therefore, doctor A is an idiot for unquestioningly prescribing medicine C.
}}

This argument also conveniently ignores the fact that doctors ''do'' read package inserts, as some patients may be allergic to certain ingredients within the medicine.

==Examples==
*The package insert on the [[HIV]] test says that the test can give [[Sensitivity and specificity|false positives]] if you are also taking a [[pregnancy]] test. Therefore the HIV test is useless.
*My doctor told me to take (insert prescription medicine here), but he hasn't even read the package insert for the medicine. Therefore, he is a shill for [[Big Pharma]].

==See also==
*[[HIV denial]]
*[[Jenny McCarthy]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Anti-vaccination movement]]
[[Category:Fallacious arguments]]
[[Category:Informal fallacies]]
[[Category:Logic]]
[[Category:Pseudo-Latin phrases]]

[[ru:Argumentum Package Insertium]]

Categories: Anti-vaccination movement, Fallacious arguments, Informal fallacies, Logic, Pseudo-Latin phrases
Ariel Toaff

{{race}}
'''Ariel Toaff''' {{lived|1942}} is a notorious [[Israel|Israeli]] [[rabbi]] and university professor of Judeo-[[Italian]] descent who is accused of being an [[Anti-Semitism|antisemitic]] [[crank]]. His father was Chief Rabbi of Rome. He is author of the [[pseudohistory|pseudohistorical]] book ''Pasque di sangue. Ebrei d'Europa e omicidi rituali (Passovers of Blood: The Jews of Europe and Ritual Murders),'' which claims that the myth that [[blood libel|Jews drink the blood of Christian babies]] is based on some true instances.<ref>[https://www.haaretz.com/1.4805407 Bar-Ilan Professor Who Claimed Jews Used Christian Blood in Passover Ceremonies Defends His Book: 'I Will Fight for My Truth, Even if I Am Crucified'] haaretz.com, 12 February 2007.</ref>

Noted Jewish community leader [[Abraham Foxman]] condemned Toaff's work, saying "It is incredible that anyone ... would give legitimacy to the baseless blood libel accusation that has been the source of much suffering and attacks against Jews historically."<ref>[http://archive.ph/tcWth Professor's Claim Of Truth To 'Blood Libel' Plays Into Hands Of Anti-Semites.] Archived from the original at the Anti-Defamation League, 8 February 2007.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Toaff, Ariel}}
{{stub|pseudohistory}}
[[Category:Antisemites]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Pseudohistory promoters]]
[[Category:Racists]]
[[Category:Jews]]
[[Category:Internalized discrimination]]

Categories: Antisemites, Authors, Living people, Pseudohistory promoters, Racists, Jews, Internalized discrimination
Ark

{{disambig}}

* A [[Latin]]-based word that means a "box" or container
* [[Ark of the Covenant]]
* [[Ark Encounter]]
* [[Bruce Beach]] — creator of "Ark Two"
* [[Arkadiusz Jadczyk|Arkadiusz "Ark" Jadczyk]] — theoretical physicist, husband of cult leader [[Laura Knight-Jadczyk]]
* [[Noah's Ark]]
Army of God

{{Christianity}}
'''Army of God''' (AOG) is a Christian [[Pro-life|anti-abortion]] [[terrorist]] organization that sanctions the use of force to combat [[abortion]] in the [[United States]]. HBO produced a documentary on the Army Of God entitled ''Soldiers In The Army Of God''. Clayton Waagner's fake anthrax letters have resulted in their being mentioned among terrorist organizations at the [[FBI]].<ref>[http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_army_of_god.html History of War]</ref>
The earliest documented incidence of the Army of God being involved with anti-abortion activity occurred in 1982, when three men associated with the organization held an abortion doctor and his wife hostage. The hostages were later released unharmed.<ref>[http://chrestomathy.cofc.edu/documents/vol2/altum.pdf Anti-Abortion Extremism]</ref>

AOG supports the Second Defensive Action Statement, as produced by the Defenders of the Defenders of Life, which reads:<ref>[https://www.armyofgod.com/defense2.html THE SECOND DEFENSIVE ACTION STATEMENT REGARDING PAUL HILL]. Army of God. Retrieved August 14, 2020.</ref>
{{Cquote|
•	We the undersigned, declare the justice of taking all Godly action necessary, including the use of force, to defend innocent human life (born and unborn). We proclaim that whatever force is legitimate to defend the life of a born child is legitimate to defend the life of an unborn child.

•	We declare and affirm that if in fact [[Paul Hill]] did kill or wound abortionist John Britton, and accomplices James Barrett and Mrs. Barrett, his actions are morally justified if they were necessary for the purpose of defending innocent human life. Under these conditions, Paul Hill should be acquitted of all charges against him.}}

Hill was head of a precursor organization called Defensive Action, which issued signed statements to members of Congress in the early 1990s expressing similar sentiments about "killing the killers".The Army of God promoted the annual White Rose Banquet in Washington D.C. for supporters of the Defensive Action Statement from 1991 through at least 2003.

On another note, their first Defensive Action Statement is written in [[Fun:Comic Sans|Comic Sans]], which honestly speaks for itself.<ref>[https://www.armyofgod.com/defense.html DEFENSIVE ACTION STATEMENT]. Army of God. Retrieved August 14, 2020.</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.armyofgod.com/ Official website] (Note this has some distasteful images of aborted fetuses; also follows [[Haig's Law]] by being formatted like an old 90's site)

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{abortionnav}}

[[Category:Anti-abortion activists]]
[[Category:Fundamentalist Christian organizations]]
[[Category:Terrorist organisations]]

Categories: Anti-abortion activists, Fundamentalist Christian organizations, Terrorist organisations
Aron Walton

#REDIRECT [[Great Reopening#Aron Walton]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Walton, Aron}}

[[Category:Anti-vaccination movement]]
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Business]]
[[Category:Conspiracy theorists]]
[[Category:COVID-19 denialists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Pseudolaw]]

Categories: Anti-vaccination movement, British people, Business, Conspiracy theorists, COVID-19 denialists, Living people, Pseudolaw
Aryan Circle

{{Nazism}}

The '''Aryan Circle''' is a white prison gang in Texas, originally founded as "Aryan Christians" until they learned that this excluded [[Asatru#Racist interpretations|Odinist]]s and other non-[[Christian]] [[Neo-Nazi]]s. It was founded in 1985 in order to keep the prison-centered [[White supremacy|white supremacist]] movement alive, as a reaction against attempts by an older and more prominent prison gang, the {{wpl|Aryan Brotherhood||,}} to de-emphasize its criminal ties and focus more on reforming inmates.<ref name=splc07>Brentin Mock. [https://www.splcenter.org/resources/reports/aryan-circle-blamed-two-cop-killings/ Aryan Circle Blamed for Two Cop Killings]. ''Intelligence Report''. Southern Poverty Law Center. Winter 2007.</ref>

==Activity==

Most of the Circle's activity is traditional criminal activity, such as armed robbery and meth trafficking. They also engage in hate crimes,<ref>[https://www.splcenter.org/resources/reports/deadly-aryan-circle-prison-gang-faces-heat/ Deadly Aryan Circle Prison Gang Faces Heat]. ''Intelligence Report''. Southern Poverty Law Center. Spring 2008.</ref> as well as killing each other and members of rival Aryan groups. In recent years, however, they have claimed to disavow this sort of crime in favor of "community support" for fellow white people, and trying to reform white prisoners into better people. The facts, on the other hand, show differently: the Circle is still an important part of the meth trade in Texas.

==Membership==

The Aryan Circle prefers to recruit from among short-term prison inmates, in order to spread its influence beyond prison. Recruits are hand-picked by existing Circle members, and during their probationary period (about 12 months long) they are ordered by Circle leaders to kill someone, thus assuring their loyalty.<ref name=splc07/>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{stub|Nazism}}
[[Category:Convicted felons]]
[[Category:Fascism]]
[[Category:Hate groups]]
[[Category:Neo-Nazism]]
[[Category:Racism]]
[[Category:Texas]]

Categories: Convicted felons, Fascism, Hate groups, Neo-Nazism, Racism, Texas
As-Sabiqun

{{Islam}}
'''As-Sabiqun''' is an American [[Islam]]ic [[fundamentalist]] organization founded by Imam Abdul Alim Musa. They claim to have an organized national network, but seem to be based largely out of two mosques, the first located in Washington DC and the second in Oakland, California. As-Sabiqun advocates for a global Islamic state and spreads nutty [[anti-Semitism|anti-Semitic]] [[conspiracy theories]]. The head of its Oakland branch, Amir Abdel Malik Ali, is a former member of the [[Nation of Islam]],<ref>[https://www.splcenter.org/resources/reports/grown-home/ Grown at Home: Amir Abdel Malik Ali], [[Southern Poverty Law Center]]</ref> as were many [[African-American]] Muslims of his age, who later affiliated with mainstream Islam, or sometimes with other Islamic groupings, such as the Shi'a. 

However, Imam Abdul Alim Musa seems to be more connected with [[Iran]], which is not Sunni fundamentalist, and which is not mainstream Islam, but which could be called ''Shi'a'' fundamentalist, a strange beast, representing a politically powerful minority position within the Shi'a minority, overall about 10% of world Islam. 
==External links==
*[http://www.adl.org/main_Anti_Israel/sabiqun_anti-semitism.htm?Multi_page_sections=sHeading_1 Sabiqun and Anti-Semitism on Campus], [[Anti-Defamation League]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|Islam|Islam}}

[[Category:Antisemitism]]
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Hate groups]]
[[Category:Islamic extremism]]
[[Category:Islamic fundamentalism]]
[[Category:Organizations]]

Categories: Antisemitism, California, Hate groups, Islamic extremism, Islamic fundamentalism, Organizations
Asterisk Magazine

{{LessWrong}}

'''Asterisk Magazine''' is a web and print magazine funded by [[Effective Altruism]] organizations which spreads "ideas from in and around the EA community."<ref>Clara Collier, Effective Altruism Forum, 2022 "''Asterisk'' is a new quarterly magazine/journal of ideas from in and around the EA community." https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/users/clara-collier</ref> Articles are full of EA and [[LessWrong]] 'rationalist' ideas but rarely mention those movements by name. The founder advertised for jobs on the Effective Altruism forum.<ref>https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/DXcg6N6CGvRA2vrCk/?commentId=25inLo7AuXzate4QJ</ref> Many EA and rationalist bloggers such as [[Aella]], [[Scott Alexander]], [[Ozy Brennan]], Sarah Constantin, and [[Kelsey Piper]] have written for the magazine.<ref>https://asteriskmag.com/contributors</ref> A few contributors are mainstream academics, pollsters, or even building contractors, but almost all have connections to some related movement such as [[pro-natalism]].<ref>eg. Lyman Stone, ''Asterisk'' writer, PhD candidate, pollster, and pronatalist https://ifstudies.org/about-us/lyman-stone</ref>

==Funders==
At launch in 2022, ''Asterisk'''s website said that it was funded by the Effective Ventures Foundation (UK) = the Centre for Effective Altruism USA Inc.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221122063843/https://asteriskmag.com/about</ref> Effective Ventures received at least £3.3 million and $300,000 from [[Sam Bankman-Fried]]'s FTX and reported itself to the British authorities after it was revealed that FTX was a fraud.<ref>https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/charity-inquiry-effective-ventures-foundation-uk</ref> 

{{quotebox|The inquiry found that as two members of the trustee board had connections with FTX (one trustee was the CEO of the FTX Foundation and the other was an unpaid advisor to the [https://fortune.com/2022/11/11/team-behind-sam-bankman-fried-charity-ftx-future-fund-have-quit-over-possible-deception-or-dishonesty/ FTX Future Fund] as mentioned above), this led to a lack of clarity as to whether they were acting for the [[charity]] or on behalf of FTX Foundation at any given time. ... During the inquiry, the two trustees with connections to FTX resigned from their positions at the charity.}}

By 2025, ''Asterisk'' said that it was funded by the Open Philanthropy project (a partnership between the EA organization GiveWell and a billionaire).<ref>https://asteriskmag.com/about</ref> The web magazine has no ads and no paywall, so the only other visible means of support is selling print subscriptions and taking donations through a very small link. The website lists thirteen staff as of 2025, and even if most are contractors paid by the piece, that is a substantial bill.

==See also==
* [[Vox (website)|Vox Media]]: their ''Future Perfect'' section is also funded by EA organizations and staffed by EA believers

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:American media]]
[[Category:Futurism]]
[[Category:Journalism]]
[[Category:Websites]]

Categories: American media, Futurism, Journalism, Websites
Astrosophy

{{pseudoscience}}
'''Astrosophy''' is basically [[astrology]], but is made different by its affiliation with [[Rudolf Steiner]] and [[Anthroposophy]].<ref>Astrosophy Research Center, Inc. ''Astrosophy Research Center'', retrieved from https://astrosophycenter.com/</ref> It was made in large part by Willi Sucher {{lived|1902|1985}}, a [[German]] Astrosophist, though it was influenced by pre-existing Astrosophist ideas. Astrosophists often tend to summarize Astrosophy as "the new wisdom of the stars".

==Astrosophy vs. astrology==
Astrosophy can just be considered a form of [[astrology]]. Astrosophists tend to be affiliated with the Anthroposophist movement, as was Willi Sucher. Few differences seem to be evident between the two.

==Purveyors of astrosophy==
* Willi Sucher
* Astrosophy Research Center
* The Sophia Foundation<ref>Sophia Foundation. ''The Sophia Foundation'', retrieved from https://sophiafoundation.org/</ref>
* Rudolf Steiner College<ref>Rudolf Steiner College. ''Astrosophy And How To Read Birth Charts'', retrieved from http://rudolfsteinercollege.edu/events/astrosophy-and-how-read-birth-charts</ref>

==External links==
*[https://astrosophycenter.com/ Astrosophy Research Center]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{stub|pseudoastronomy}}
[[Category:Pseudoastronomy]]
[[Category:Astrology]]
[[Category:Anthroposophy]]

Categories: Pseudoastronomy, Astrology, Anthroposophy
August Kreis III

[[File:August Kreis III.jpg|thumb|165 px|Kreis in a mugshot, looking like if santa became racist.]]
'''August Kreis III''' {{lived|1954}} is a longtime [[neo-Nazi]] who was a former leader in the [[Posse Comitatus (organization)|Posse Comitatus]] and the [[Aryan Nations]]. In the 1990s, he was infamous for appearing on ''The Jerry Springer Show'', and after making an ass out of himself, was kicked off for insulting Springer's mother, referring to her as a lampshade,<ref>"Racist Kids," The Jerry Springer Show, 4 Feb. 1993 and "A Racist Family", The Jerry Springer Show, 20 Feb. 1991</ref> a reference to {{wpl|Ilse Koch|Ilse Koch's}} rumored hobby of making lampshades from the skin of concentration camp inmates.

During the 2000s, he attempted to form an alliance between the Aryan Nations and [[Al-Qaeda]], but [[Stopped_clock|Al-Qaeda did not accept his offer.]]<ref name="fbi">https://www.fbi.gov/columbia/press-releases/2011/white-supremacist-pleads-guilty-in-veterans-affairs-pension-case</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100418233233/http://edition.cnn.com/2005/US/03/29/schuster.column</ref>

In 2011 he was convicted for pension fraud by the federal government.<ref name="fbi"/>

In 2015 he was convicted on three counts of [[child molestation]] and sentenced to 50 years in prison. At his sentencing, he urged everyone present to vote for [[Donald Trump]] for president.<ref name="kreis">[http://wach.com/news/local/kkk-member-sentenced-to-50-years-for-sexually-assaulting-3-minors KKK member sentenced to 50 years for sexually assaulting 3 minors]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kreis, August}}
[[Category:Alt-right]]
[[Category:Antisemites]]
[[Category:Convicted felons]]
[[Category:Criminals]]
[[Category:Fascists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Neo-Nazis]]
[[Category:Paedophilia]]
[[Category:Racists]]

Categories: Alt-right, Antisemites, Convicted felons, Criminals, Fascists, Living people, Neo-Nazis, Paedophilia, Racists
Australian Defence League

The '''Australian Defence League''' (ADL) is an Australian organisation that claims to be "[[Islamophobia|Standing up Against Islam now,]] [[Bullshit|not when its too late]]" (yes, this is the spelling that they use). They seem to be inspired by the [[English Defence League]].

== Members ==
The organisation is led by Ralph Cerminara. He claims that he [[Bullshit|served in the Australian Defence Force]] where he claims he was "dishonorably discharged". However, numerous sources call this claim false.<ref>http://www.news.com.au/national/ralph-cerminara-soldier-who-warned-of-another-cronulla-riot-is-a-fraud-according-to-military-impostors-website/story-fncynjr2-1227054102752</ref> The group has also had the support of other nationalist organisations and prominent figures, including [[Reclaim Australia]], the [[United Patriots Front]]; many of their members also consider themselves members of the ADL, and these groups regularly protest together.

== Lulz == 
The ADL is almost never able to get off the ground. An anti-ADL organisation established itself, known as "Aussies Against the Australian Defence League". Given the inflammatory nature of postings of the ADL on its Facebook pages, ridding Facebook of the ADL has been relatively easy.

On December 23, 2014, Ralph Cerminara was charged for being a public nuisance when he attended a protest following the [[2014 Sydney Siege]]. He was refused bail <ref>https://au.news.yahoo.com/nsw/a/25842354/australian-defence-league-head-ralph-cerminara-charged-over-brawl-in-lakemba-sydney/</ref>. This is despite the fact that the organisation posted a call to action on its Facebook page. Of course, nobody turned up, and the page was pulled down. 

"The last thing this community needs, bearing in mind what's happened in recent days, is boofheads like this stirring up a certain section of the community,"<ref>http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-12-23/australian-defence-league-members-denied-bail-over-lakemba-brawl/5986264</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Template:Down Under}}

[[Category:Australia]]
[[Category:Islamophobia]]
[[Category:Organizations]]
[[Category:Right-wing activists]]
[[Category:Australian political movements]]

Categories: Australia, Islamophobia, Organizations, Right-wing activists, Australian political movements
Author

{{law}}
An '''author''' is the person credited with:
*Writing a book or piece of journalism.
*Creating an electronic document or section thereof (e.g. a website, blog, or wiki article).
*Originating a [[theory]] ([[Charles Darwin]] is the ''author'' of the theory of ''evolution''.)

Note that the person recognised as the author is not invariably solely responsible for the work: 
*Most published books and articles are edited, sometimes this editing is very heavy-handed.
*Celebrity "autobiographies" are often ghostwritten by more proficient writers.
*Electronic documents, by their very nature, are likely to be modified (sometimes beyond all recognition) by third parties.
*Theories rarely emerge wholly from one source. Darwin was merely the first to clearly state an idea which was being discussed by several scientists at the time.

In the legalistic sense of the word, an author need not be a writer &mdash; or even a human being.  For instance, Ansel Adams was the "author" of many fine photographs, and a movie studio is often credited as the legal "author" of a film it produces.
:The United States Copyright Office defines copyright as "a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) to authors of "original works of authorship".

[[Fundamentalist|Some people]] credit [[God of the gaps|God]] as the ultimate author &mdash; of the [[universe]], and of [[religion]]'s [[holy book]]s. 

Unauthorised publication of an author's work is [[plagiarism]].

[[Category:Authors| ]]
[[category:arts]]
[[category:law]]

Categories: Authors, arts, law