Religious scientists

{{religion}}{{cquote|I admit I'm surprised whenever I encounter a religious scientist. How can a bench-hazed Ph.D, who might in an afternoon deftly puree a colleague's PowerPoint presentation on the nematode genome into so much fish chow, then go home, read in a two-thousand-year-old chronicle, riddled with internal contradictions, of a meta-Nobel discovery like "Resurrection from the Dead," and say, gee, that sounds convincing? Doesn't the good doctor wonder what the control group looked like?|||Natalie Angier<ref>http://secularhumanism.org/library/fi/angier_24_5.htm</ref>}}

Proponents of the idea that [[religion]] produces [[science|scientifically-meaningful]] claims about the nature of reality&mdash;meaning, in practical terms, [[creationists]]&mdash;will sometimes claim that the existence of '''religious scientists''' is evidence for the validity of their religious beliefs.<ref>http://www.godandscience.org/apologetics/sciencefaith.html</ref> They argue that because men like [[Isaac Newton]], [[Johannes Kepler]], [[Galileo]] and [[Albert Einstein]] believed in [[God]], belief in God has scientific underpinning.
The argument is an [[informal fallacy]].

==Forms==
The fallacy, in different forms, asserts different things:
*That [[religion]] and [[science]] are ''compatible''
*That religion ''motivates'' science
*That religion ''created'' science

==Problems==
The fallacy is part [[guilt by association]] (where science and religion, due to proximity, are seen as similar) and part [[argument from authority]] (because scientists are seen positively).

The argument also often fails on the grounds that the religious scientists in question don't necessarily actually follow the religion they're [[strawman|set up as supporting]]. [[Newton]], a favorite because of his renown,<ref>http://www.baptistpillar.com/article_935d.html</ref><ref>http://web.media.mit.edu/~picard/personal/Newton.php</ref> for example, was an [[Arianism|Arian]] and rejected views that many Christians find central (such as the [[trinity]] or the divinity of [[Christ]]). [[Einstein]], another oft-used scientist,<ref>[http://www.christianscience.org/index.php/science-theology-medicine/180-dr-albert-einstein Used by] [[Christian Science]], no less.</ref> was more of a [[pantheist]] or [[deist]] than a [[theist]] and certainly not a [[Christian]], describing his God as nearly synonymous with the wonder of the universe ''and no more''.

And perhaps most damning is the rarity of such scientists in modern times. While in Newton's day, effectively ''everyone'' was Christian (and being otherwise might mean social exile), modern scientists are more [[atheistic]] (on average) than modern citizens. Pew Research (2009) reports:<ref>http://www.pewforum.org/2009/11/05/scientists-and-belief/</ref>

{{quotebox|A survey of scientists who are members of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, conducted by the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press in May and June 2009, finds that members of this group are, on the whole, much less religious than the general public. Indeed, the survey shows that '''scientists are roughly half as likely as the general public to believe in God or a higher power'''. According to the poll, just over half of scientists (51%) believe in some form of deity or higher power; specifically, 33% of scientists say they believe in God, while 18% believe in a universal spirit or higher power. By contrast, 95% of Americans believe in some form of deity or higher power, according to a survey of the general public conducted by the Pew Research Center in July 2006. Specifically, more than eight-in-ten Americans (83%) say they believe in God and 12% believe in a universal spirit or higher power. Finally, '''the poll of scientists finds that four-in-ten scientists (41%) say they do not believe in God or a higher power, while the poll of the public finds that only 4% of Americans share this view.'''}}

And more experienced scientists only get less religious. For example, according to Larson ''et al'' (1998), among the members of the National Academy of Sciences, an honorary organization that selects only the most accomplished scientists in the USA, 93% are atheist/[[agnostic]] while 7% believe in a personal god.<ref name=Larson>Larson, Edward and Larry Witham. "[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v394/n6691/full/394313a0.html Leading scientists still reject God]". ''Nature'' 394, 313 (23 July 1998).</ref> The two authors replicated the methodology of two surveys conducted by US psychologist James H. Leuba, who found that among around 400 "greater" scientists in 1914, 70% of them were atheist/agnostic. He replicated the survey in 1933, and this figure had increased to 85%. Leuba attributed the higher level of disbelief and doubt among greater scientists to their "superior knowledge, understanding, and experience". Similarly, Oxford University scientist Peter Atkins commented on Larson and Witham’s 1996 survey, 
"You clearly can be a scientist and have religious beliefs. But I don't think you can be a real scientist in the deepest sense of the word because they are such alien categories of knowledge." Leuba's "greater" scientists were those listed in the standard reference work, <i>American Men of Science (AMS).</i> The AMS had a designation titled “greater scientists”, and this is what Leuba used to find his greater scientists. Because they don’t have this distinction anymore, Larson and Witham used the NAS. They say: “Our method surely generated a more elite sample than Leuba's method, which (if the quoted comments by Leuba and Atkins are correct) may explain the extremely low level of belief among our respondents.”

And if the existence of religious scientists is evidence for religion, then the existence of ''atheist scientists'' is surely evidence for [[atheism]].

Furthermore, it's important to consider just how 'truly Christian' these scientists are (by the standards of more devout Christians), as around 97% of the scientific community accepts evolution as the dominant scientific theory of biological diversity.<ref>[https://www.people-press.org/2009/07/09/section-5-evolution-climate-change-and-other-issues "Section 5: Evolution, Climate Change and Other Issues"], Pew Research Center. July 9, 2009</ref><ref>
Delgado, Cynthia (2006-07-28). [https://web.archive.org/web/20081122022815/http://nihrecord.od.nih.gov/newsletters/2006/07_28_2006/story03.htm| "Finding evolution in medicine"], <i>NIH Record</i>. <b>58</b> (15). Archived from [http://nihrecord.od.nih.gov/newsletters/2006/07_28_2006/story03.htm|the original].</ref>

==Economic argument==
Some people use a similar variant of this argument to justify economic systems such as [[socialism]].<ref>[https://monthlyreview.org/2009/05/01/why-socialism/ Why Socialism?]</ref> The logic goes: [[Einstein]] was a genius, therefore socialism is correct (or if you support [[capitalism]], you're a dumbass). Note that this applies to capitalists [[cherry picking]] smart people from history who support capitalism.

If you're going to rely on scientists for economic information, you might as well rely for economists on information about [[evolution]] or [[quantum mechanics]]. 

This is not to say socialism is necessarily bad; it's a shitty argument to use to justify an economic system.

==Examples==
* A [[CMI_list_of_scientists_alive_today_who_accept_the_biblical_account_of_creation|bunch of creationist scientists]]
* Another [[A_Scientific_Dissent_From_Darwinism|list of religious (and creationist) scientists.]] 
* The persistent [[Atheist professor myth|myth of the student debunking the "atheist professor"]].

==See also==
*[[The_God_Delusion#The_Argument_from_Admired_Religious_Scientists|Richard Dawkins on the phenomenon of the religious scientist]]
*[[Non-Overlapping Magisteria]]

==External links==
*{{web|...but intelligent people believe in God|2=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y201QzDdzbg}}- A [[DarkMatter2525]] cartoon that obliterates this argument

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

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[[Category:Apologetics and counter-apologetics]]
[[Category:Fallacious arguments]]
[[Category:Existence of gods]]

Categories: Apologetics and counter-apologetics, Fallacious arguments, Existence of gods