H.L. Mencken

[[File:H l mencken.jpg|thumb|165px|right|A young Mencken]]{{atheism|1}}{{cquote|We must respect the other fellow's religion, but only in the sense and to the extent that we respect his theory that his wife is beautiful and his children smart.|||H.L. Mencken<ref>H.L. Mencken. (1956) [http://archive.org/details/minorityreporthl00menc ''Minority Report: H.L. Mencken's Notebooks], book 1</ref>}}
'''Henry Louis "H.L." Mencken''' {{lived|1880|1956}}, "The Sage of Baltimore," was an [[United States|American]] [[author]], journalist, [[skeptic]], and quite possibly the [[snark|snarkiest]] motherfucker who has ever lived.

==Career and writing==
{{cquote|If, after I depart this vale, you ever remember me and have thought to please my [[ghost]], forgive some [[sin]]ner and wink your eye at some homely girl.|||H.L. Mencken's proposed epitaph<ref>Mencken's proposed epitaph, though it does not actually appear on his grave. From "Epitaph," Smart Set, December 3, 1921, p. 33.</ref>}}
Mencken started his career as a journalist in 1899 at the ripe old age of 19, writing for the ''Baltimore Morning Herald'', then moving on to the ''Baltimore Sun'' six years later, and remained there writing his column for nearly fifty years. He later worked as a literary critic for ''The Smart Set'' and founded ''The American Mercury''.

He soon became known as a staunch opponent of just about everything, calling [[American]] society on all the [[bullshit]] it produced. He railed especially against [[president]]s and [[politicians]] of every stripe, "the Booboisie," [[religion]], vacuous popular literature, dumb pseudo-philosophies of the time, [[pseudoscience]] and [[quackery]], [[the South]], academic stupidity, swindlers, [[Prohibition]], and bad architecture. He wrote some poetry early in his career as well, then realized it was god-awful and proceeded to dump on poets throughout the rest of his life.

Mencken's writing covers a vast number of topics and a vast number of pages, estimated at a total of 5 million words. When he wasn't blasting terrible books, he was championing up-and-coming writers like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Theodore Dreiser. Unfortunately, he also recommended [[Ayn Rand]]'s first book ''We the Living'' (1936) for publication, launching her career.<ref group=note>
Hey, we can't all be perfect. But give Mencken some credit: ''We the Living'' is at least gifted with some basic qualities of literary merit (namely: intelligibility, a coherent plot, and conciseness), and at the time, Mencken was unaware of the vast cyclopean eldritch crawling literary horrors that Ms. Rand would soon unleash upon an unsuspecting world.
</ref>

==Skepticism==
{{cquote|…[I]t is a little inaccurate to say I hate everything. I am strongly in favor of [[common sense]], common honesty and common decency. This makes me forever ineligible to any public office of trust or profit in the Republic.|||H.L. Mencken<ref>Quoted in ''Life'' magazine, Vol. 21, No. 6, (5 August 1946), p. 52|</ref>}}
Mencken was a scientific skeptic to the bone. A hardcore [[atheist]], he denounced religion as a sham and declared clergymen to be frauds and thieves. He is best known for his opposition to [[creationism]] and defense of [[evolution]] during the [[Scopes trial|Scopes "Monkey" Trial]] of 1925. He helped organize Scopes' defense with [[Clarence Darrow]], a noted [[agnostic]] in addition to being considered one of the greatest legal minds of the day. This was also a chance for him to rip on [[William Jennings Bryan]], who had been, as a [[Populist]] and [[fundamentalist]], a prime target for Mencken throughout his career. Mencken's reporting painted Dayton, [[Tennessee]], which he dubbed "The Buckle on the [[Bible Belt]]" (a term he invented), as a hopeless backwater buried in the hellhole of the American [[Jesusland|South]]. This was hard to deny as Dayton had basically turned the trial into a temporary tourism scheme and media circus to make money, promote religion, and presumably because there was nothing better to do there. Mencken's columns, of course, did not go over so well with Southerners.<ref>His columns on the Scopes Trial are collected [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/menk.htm here].</ref>

Medical [[quackery]] was another one of his favorite targets. He was an early critic of [[chiropractic]], denouncing it as one of the dumbest things in American culture. He set up a [[James Randi]]-esque challenge in the 1920s by offering prizes to anyone who could demonstrate the effectiveness of chiropractic. Presumably, no one ever took him up on the challenge.<ref>H.L. Mencken. [http://mailer.fsu.edu/~njumonvi/mencken2.html Chiropractic.] ''Baltimore Evening Sun'', December 1924.</ref> He also wrote about [[osteopathy]] and other various [[snake oil|snake oils]], home remedies, and scams. Academic topics were yet another subject for snark. He called [[Sigmund Freud|Freudian]] psychology essentially guesswork mixed with [[bullshit]] and riffed on overly abstract sociological theories of the day. His back-and-forth with sociologist and economist Thorstein Veblen is one of the more famous cases.<ref>[http://cafehayek.com/2004/10/mencken_on_vebl.html Mencken on Veblen], Cafe Hayek</ref>

His infamous "bathtub [[hoax]]", a fake history of the bathtub, is still sometimes quoted today as fact.<ref>[http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/archive/permalink/the_history_of_the_bathtub Mencken's History of the Bathtub], Museum of Hoaxes</ref>

==Political views==
===Democracy and elitism===
{{cquote|What we confront is not the failure of [[capitalism]], but simply the failure of [[democracy]].<br /><br />Capitalism has really been responsible for all the progress of the modern age. Better than any other system ever devised, it provides leisure for large numbers of superior men, and so fosters the [[art]]s and [[science]]s. No other system ever heard of is so beneficial to invention. Its fundamental desire for gain may be far from glorious ''per se'', but it at least furthers improvement in all the departments of life. We owe to it every innovation that makes life secure and comfortable.<br /><br />Unfortunately, like any other human institution (for example, [the] Holy Church), capitalism tends to run amuck when it is not restrained, and democracy provides inadequate means of keeping it in order. There is never any surety that democracy will throw up leaders competent to discern the true dangers of capitalism and able to remedy them in a prudent and rational manner. Thus we have vacillated between letting it run wild and trying to ruin it. Both courses are hazardous and ineffective, and it is hard to say which is more so.|||H.L. Mencken<ref>Mencken, Henry Lewis. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=ZVD1AAAAQBAJ&lpg=PP2&dq=minority%20report%20mencken&pg=PA311#v=onepage&q&f=false Minority Report]'', Knopf (1956), p. 310</ref>}}
[[File:Inherit333-1.JPG|thumb|right|Gene Kelly as 
H.L. Mencken
 E.K. Hornbeck and Spencer Tracy as 
Clarence Darrow
 Henry Drummond.]]
Mencken's political views can be difficult to pin down. While he was vehemently opposed to conservative [[Christianity]], he was also an unabashed elitist just as vehemently opposed to democracy. He admired [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] and produced an entire study of Nietzsche's philosophy that was published shortly after Nietzsche's death.<ref>H.L. Mencken. (1907) [http://archive.org/details/philosophyoffrie00menc ''The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche''.]</ref> His ideal society was a sort of [[meritocracy|meritocratic]] [[aristocracy]], with Nietzschean ''ubermenschen'' populating its upper echelons. These views have led Mencken to be characterized as a [[right-wing]]er by some,<ref>E.g., Jackson Lears. [http://www.powells.com/review/2003_01_23.html "The Sophomore."] ''The New Republic Online'', Jan. 23, 2003.</ref> and [[libertarian]]s have attempted to claim him as one of their own.<ref>The [[Cato Institute]] has a position known as the "H.L. Mencken Research Fellow," which has been held by figures such as [[Penn & Teller|Penn Jillette]] and P.J. O'Rourke.</ref> However, Mencken described himself as a lifelong [[Democrat]] and actually voted for [[FDR]] before later turning against him in the 1930s,<ref>Damon W. Root. [http://reason.com/archives/2009/10/16/the-new-deal-made-them-right The New Deal Made Them "Right."] ''Reason'', Oct. 16, 2009</ref> though in his own words this was largely done out of loyalty to a Democratic party that no longer existed. While he certainly distrusted corporate greed and mere money-making/free market capitalism, Mencken's praise for markets outnumbered his criticisms, and he certainly wasn't a progressive.

===The ambivalent Mr. Mencken===
{{cquote|The more noisy Negro leaders, by depicting all whites as natural and implacable enemies to their race, have done it a great disservice. Large numbers of whites who were formerly very friendly to it, and willing to go to great lengths to help it, are now resentful and suspicious.|||H.L. Mencken<ref>Minority Report : H.L. Mencken's Notebooks (1956)</ref>}}
{{cquote|I am one of the few ''Goyim'' who have ever actually tackled the Talmud. I suppose you now expect me to add that it is a profound and noble work, worthy of hard study by all other Goyim. Unhappily, my report must differ from this expectation. It seems to me, save for a few bright spots, to be quite indistinguishable from rubbish.|||H.L. Mencken<ref>Minority Report : H.L. Mencken's Notebooks (1956)</ref>}}
{{cquote|In particular, he was receptive to black writers, without question more helpful than any other editor of his time. Both W.E.B. Du Bois and the poet Countee Cullen appeared in the Mercury’s pages during its first year, and in later issues poets James Weldon Johnson and Langston Hughes and future NAACP head Walter F. White were represented. Indeed, the black journalist George S. Schuyler, who contributed nine essays to the Mercury, was to appear more frequently in the magazine in the final six years of Mencken’s editorship than any other writer, white or black.|||Fred Hobson<ref>Mencken: A Life (1994)</ref>}}
{{cquote|Thus, rhetorically at least, he lived life more dramatically than most other mortals, attempted more, risked more, said more, and said it more colorfully on a wider range of subjects than perhaps any other writer of his generation. The result, depending on what he came out with at any given time, was that he appeared to be both the best friend and the worst enemy of Jews, blacks, and numerous other segments of the population.
'''[[Friedrich Nietzsche|The truth is that a hundred statements could be chosen to “prove” Mencken anti-Semitic and a hundred to “prove” he was not.]]'''|||Fred Hobson<ref>Mencken: A Life (1994)</ref>}}
Much of his writing had strange and seemingly contradictory attitudes toward [[race]] and [[sex]]. One can find a number of racial [[stereotypes]] in his writing (though many of these would have been considered acceptable in his day). When his diary was unearthed, some racist comments were found in it.<ref>[http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1989-12-17/news/8902150745_1_semitism-jews-diary Mencken's Diary Reveals Anti-Semitism, Bigotry.] ''Baltimore Evening Sun'', Dec. 17, 1989</ref> On the other hand, he spoke out in favor of [[civil rights]] and against racially motivated violence and regularly insulted the [[KKK]]. This makes some sense in light of his ideas about meritocracy &mdash; he did not believe in the inherent superiority or inferiority of certain races or ethnic groups (Anglo-Saxons were a frequent target of his) so much as he did that each group produced a small set of elite thinkers. ''The American Mercury'' was the first magazine edited by whites to publish the work of black authors such as Langston Hughes. Mencken also opposed [[eugenics]], calling it "mainly blather",<ref>H.L. Mencken. [http://www.mencken.org/text/txt001/elliott.leo.1998.mencken-01.htm On Eugenics.] ''The Chicago Tribune'', May 15 1927</ref> and he published some of the earliest scientific criticisms of it in ''The American Mercury''.<ref>Melissa Hendricks. [http://www.jhu.edu/jhumag/0406web/pearl.html Raymond Pearl's Mingled Mess.] ''Johns Hopkins Magazine'', Apr. 2006</ref> Despite his earlier [[Antisemitism|anti-Semitic]] remarks, he was one of the first to speak out against [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s inaction on Jewish persecution in [[Germany]], imploring him to take in Jewish refugees before [[World War II]] and drawing up a number of plans to rescue them. He wrote in his paper:
{{cquote|There is only one way to help the [Jewish] fugitives, and that is to find places for them in a country in which they can really live. Why shouldn't the United States take in a couple hundred thousand of them, or even all of them?<ref>Help for the Jews, 1938, in ''The Impossible H.L. Mencken''</ref>}}

Mencken's views on gender relations were similarly ambivalent. His diaries also contained sexist remarks. He was known as something of a playboy and didn't marry until he was middle-aged. However, he also happened to be a strong advocate of [[women's rights]] and wrote ''In Defense of Women''.<ref>H.L. Mencken. (1918) ''{{wpl|In Defense of Women}}''</ref> All of his writing about gender relations tended to attack men as moronic brutes.

==External links==
*A number of his books are in the public domain and [http://www.gutenberg.org/browse/authors/m#a578 available at Project Gutenberg in full].
*Terry Teachout. [http://www.newcriterion.com/articles.cfm/Mencken-vs--Mencken-5682 Mencken vs. Mencken.] ''The New Criterion'', May 1990
*[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/22145/22145-h/22145-h.htm A Book of Burlesques] — Sketches satirising things like slavery, eugenics, and modernist classical music.

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
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[[Category:Journalists]]
[[Category:Skeptics]]

Categories: Authors, Journalists, Skeptics