trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Fake top level domain names

{{internet}} {{folklore}} 
'''Fake top level domain names''' have been associated with the mythos of Tor and the [[deep web]], likely because, once you accept that there are 'hidden' {{wpl|.onion}} domains, what other domains could be hidden?

Of course, most people don't understand how {{wpl|darknet|darknets}} and custom {{wpl|top-level domain|TLDs}} operate, so they turn to the [[deep web secrets|secrets of the deep web]] to receive information in [[bullshit|reliable and authentic]] pastebin and peer-to-peer formats.

== History ==
The [[:File:Deep_web_lies.jpg|notorious iceberg image]] featured a 'closed shell system' towards the bottom. This could either be a reference to the anime ''{{wpl|Ghost in the Shell}}'' or a misunderstanding of how darknets work. In either case, intrepid trolls continue to disseminate information about .clos, .loky, and other made-up domains.<ref>[http://4archive.org/board/x/thread/17761784 How to access Marianas Web (repost) ]</ref> The next subsequent major piece of fabrication came via a Portuguese paste in July 2013<ref>http://pastebin.com/M2RkAva0</ref> that was later translated to English.<ref>http://paste4btc.com/raw.php?p=le2I9GM6</ref>

<blockquote>''clos and .loky [same as many other  (.dafy, .taur, .end , .nept,...)] are domains used in private networks (often mentioned as Closed Shell System). It's very difficult to access them, but not as difficult as staying secure while accessing them. Each network has it's own different accessing method. For example to access .clos links you need to have correctly configured ChaosVPN and FreeNet and for some sites software called Clossys 4.3.3. And now for staying anonymous. There is NO internet provider granting IP address over IPv7-IPv9. It's not too long ago, when there wasn't even official IPv6 address provider. These protocols are super secret and only used by military for secret communication and by elite haxorz for things that normal people can't even imagine. Since there is no provider for these protocols, it can mean a very big risk tracking. It's highly required to use encrypted hardware. Some networks won't even let you to access it without hardware encryption. That's it. I've already told you more, than I'm supposed to. <ref>https://www.quora.com/What-are-clos-and-loky-links-How-do-you-access-them''</ref></blockquote>

Such domain names are often associated with "[[deep web secrets]]" like [[Red Room|red rooms]], [[internet assassination]], and so forth.

Interestingly, the {{wpl|Clos network}} is actually an old networking standard, but has nothing to do with secret top level domain names.

<center><gallery mode="packed" widths="500px" heights="300px">
File:Clos.png|''The Gates to the Clos Network''
</gallery><ref>[http://answerstedhctbek.onion/36469/proof-of-the-clos-network Proof of the .clos network?]</ref></center>

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Urban legends]]
[[Category:Deep web]]
[[Category:Technology]]

Categories: Urban legends, Deep web, Technology
Falconist Party

{{uspolitics}} {{Fascism}}
The '''Falconist Party''' is a 
fun event held by enthusiastic falcon owners
 small [[nationalism|ultra-nationalist]] [[United States|American]] political party. The Falconists describe themselves as having a "radical center" ideology which combines the "best" views from the [[left-wing|left]] and [[right-wing|right]] (although "best" most likely refers to the "most loony").{{cn}}

The party's platform contains many elements of [[fascism]] and [[imperialism]] (though it publicly denies being a fascist party). However, it does not include an emphasis on [[racism]] or [[antisemitism]] found in many [[Neo-Nazi]] parties. It also differs from many neo-fascist parties (which promote isolationism) - and instead promotes militaristic expansionism and colonialism. It also differs from many [[far-right]] parties in the US (which promote states' rights and fiscal liberalism) - by promoting the supremacy of the federal government and [[socialism|socialist]] economic policies such as heavy government intervention and regulation of the private sector and the replacement of the federal reserve with a state-run "Bank of the United States". Overall its views are more in line with "old school" fascists like [[Mussolini]] and [[Hitler]].{{cn}}

The party supports drastically expanding the military and police forces, restoring laws which "curb immorality" (such as the abolition of [[abortion]] and restoration of [[Classroom prayer|prayer in public schools]]),  and the incorporation of Iraq and Afghanistan (and eventually other countries) into US territories and states.{{cn}} The party even advocates the eventual colonization of the ocean floor, the moon, and other planets in the solar system.
==See also==
*[[Nazism]]
*[[Lyndon LaRouche]]
*[[Third positionism]]

==External links==
*[https://falconistparty.tripod.com/ Their webshite]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120113050234/http://www.falconistparty.us/ Older, archived webshite]

{{USPoliticalParty}}

[[Category:Far-right political parties]]
[[Category:Fascism]]
[[Category:United States political parties]]
[[Category:Misnomers]]

Categories: Far-right political parties, Fascism, United States political parties, Misnomers
Fallacy Files

{{lognav}}
'''Fallacy Files''' is a collection of fallacies by '''Gary N. Curtis''', Ph.D. in [[philosophy]] from Indiana University in Bloomington,<ref>http://www.fallacyfiles.org/aboutgnc.html</ref> who started the collection "about twenty-five years ago".<ref>http://www.fallacyfiles.org/whatarff.html</ref> As of 13 November 2015, the website has 86 unique and in-depth pages of fallacies. The site is, unfortunately, not extremely popular,<ref>http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/fallacyfiles.org</ref> although it is frequently linked to from [[RationalWiki]], [[Wikipedia]], and [[Reddit]].

In addition, the website has several generally useful pages:
*How to use the Fallacy Files<ref>http://www.fallacyfiles.org/howtouff.html</ref>
* '''New''' Taxonomy of Logical Fallacies<ref>https://www.fallacyfiles.org/taxonnew.htm</ref> (and how to use it)<ref>http://www.fallacyfiles.org/howtouse.html</ref>
* 
Old Taxonomy of Logical Fallacies
<ref>http://www.fallacyfiles.org/taxonomy.html</ref>
*Glossary of philosophical and logical terms<ref>http://www.fallacyfiles.org/glossary.html</ref>
*What is a logical fallacy?<ref>http://www.fallacyfiles.org/introtof.html</ref>

==See also==
*[[Nizkor Project]]
*[[SeekFind.net]]
*[[Your Logical Fallacy Is]]

==External links==
*[http://www.fallacyfiles.org/ Fallacy Files website]

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

{{logfal}}

[[Category:Fallacy collections]]

Categories: Fallacy collections
Fallacy of accident

{{lognav}}{{hatnote|Not to be confused with [[overgeneralization]] or [[fallacy of accent]].}}{{cquote|No rule is so general, which admits not some exception.|||Robert Burton, ''The Anatomy of Melancholy''}}
'''Fallacy of accident''' is a [[logical fallacy]] that occurs when a general rule (a rule of thumb or a "soft" generalization) is taken to be universal (an unconditionally true statement).

The fallacy is [[jumping to conclusions]] and an [[informal fallacy]].

==Alternate names==
*''a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid''
*misuse of a principle
*ignoring qualifications
*sweeping generalization

==Form==
{{syl
|2='''B''' typically implies '''C'''.
|4='''A''' is an example of '''B'''.
|5=C|6='''A''' implies '''C'''.
}}

==Examples==
{{cquote|[[Water]] boils at a temperature of 212° Fahrenheit; therefore boiling water will be hot enough to cook an egg hard in five minutes: but if we argue thus at an altitude of 5,000 feet, we shall be disappointed; for the height, through the difference in the pressure of the air, qualifies the truth of our general principle.|||H. W. B. Joseph}}

*"[[Birds]] can ''normally'' fly" is a general rule, and doesn't imply that all birds (such as emus or penguins) can fly. To take this general rule and apply it to all birds would be committing a ''sweeping generalization''.

====Converse accident fallacy====
Like many fallacies, simply flipping the logic used in the accident fallacy doesn't make it valid - you simply end up in another accident. The converse accident<ref>https://www.logicallyfallacious.com/logicalfallacies/Accident-Fallacy</ref> fallacy is committed when the speaker suggests that an overwhelming exception should become the new normal. It is related to the [[overgeneralisation|hasty generalisation]]. For example, suggesting that because asthma sufferers use inhalers to help them recover from attacks, everyone should be prescribed one to improve their breathing. Here, asthma sufferers are the exception.

==External links==
*{{wpa|Secundum quid}}
*[http://www.fallacyfiles.org/accident.html The Fallacy of Accident], [[Fallacy Files]]
*[http://www.iep.utm.edu/f/fallacies.htm#Accident Accident], Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

{{logfal}}

[[Category:Imprecision fallacies]]
[[Category:Informal fallacies]]

Categories: Imprecision fallacies, Informal fallacies
Fallacy of amphiboly

{{significantly problematic}}{{Needs sources}}
[[File:Feeding baby turtles.png|thumb|right|300px|The sentence "I'm going to feed my baby turtles" can be interpreted in multiple ways, making it ambiguous. Instead, the structure "I'm going to feed turtles to my baby" is unambiguous.]]{{logicnav}}
The '''fallacy of amphiboly''' occurs when a sentence, because of its grammar, structure, or punctuation, can be interpreted in multiple ways.

It is an [[informal fallacy]] and a [[fallacy of ambiguity]], in that it removes context that is necessary to understand the statement.

==Examples==
*''"Last night I caught a prowler in my pyjamas."''<ref name=About>http://atheism.about.com/od/logicalfallacies/a/Fallacy-Amphiboly-Ambiguity.htm</ref> 
*:Did the speaker (1) find a prowler who was wearing their pyjamas, (2) find a prowler while the speaker was wearing their pyjamas, or (3) ensnare the prowler using their pyjamas as a net?

*''"Don't let worry kill you off — let the Church help."''<ref name=About />
*:Does the Church help reduce worry, or kill people, or both?

*''"I am opposed to [[taxes]] which slow economic growth."''<ref name=About />
*:Is the speaker opposed to all taxes, because they slow economic growth, or just taxes that slow economic growth? (Though grammatically, as written it would indicate the latter, but if a comma were added after taxes, it would indicate the former.)

*The Oracle of Delphi told Croesus ''"that if he led an army against the Persians, he would destroy a great empire."'' The question, of course, is ''which'' empire – Croesus' or the Persians'. Croesus, failing to spot the Oracle's [[escape hatch]], was soon empireless.<ref name=About />

*''I will make him a help meet for him."
*: This quote from {{bible|Genesis|2|18}} originally meant that God would create a helper fit for man (i.e. woman), but through misinterpretation was hyphenated as a compound word in the 16<sup>th</sup> century.  A "helpmeet" and later "helpmate" thereafter became a noun meaning "a special helper, spouse."  In this case the amphiboly, originally nonsense, led to its own creation.

==See also==
*[[Fallacy of ambiguity]]
*[[Fallacy of accent]]
*[[Equivocation]]
*[[Quotemining]]

==External links==
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=-qZabUx0FmkC&pg=PA126#v=onepage&q&f=false Attacking Faulty Reasoning], T. Damer

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{logfal}}

[[Category:Fallacies of ambiguity]]
[[Category:Informal fallacies]]

Categories: Fallacies of ambiguity, Informal fallacies
Fallacy of unique founding conditions

'''Fallacy of unique founding conditions''' is the claimed illogic of concluding that because [[liberal]] [[democracy]] and civil society emerged under one set of historical conditions, those same conditions must be reproduced for liberal democracy and civil society to emerge elsewhere. The fallacy is said to lie in confusing the bases for innovation with the bases for replication.

The claimed fallacy is deployed by some scholars to argue that the participation of [[Islam|Islamists]] in contemporary electoral politics in [[Turkey]] or [[Iraq]] is no more threatening than the participation of Christian Democrats in post-war Western Europe. What it overlooks is the role played by Christian confessional parties in the rise of pre-war authoritarianisms. For example, the Roman Catholic German Centre Party (Deutsche Zentrumspartei or Zentrum) delegation in the German Reichstag voted for the Enabling Act (Ermächtigungsgesetz) of 1933 that granted the Chancellor, [[Adolf Hitler]], plenary or dictatorial powers. The party then politely dissolved itself on July 5, 1933 to fulfill a condition of a Concordat between the Vatican and Nazi Germany.

==Sources==
*Alfred Stepan. "Religion, Democracy and the "Twin Tolerations." " ''Journal of Democracy''. (October 2000), Pp. 27-57

{{stub|politics}}

[[Category:Political theory]]
[[Category:Fallacious arguments]]

Categories: Political theory, Fallacious arguments
Fallibilism

{{philosophy}}

'''Fallibilism''' in [[epistemology]] is the belief that something can be accepted as true despite lacking irrefutable justification. The term was coined by {{wpl|Charles Sanders Peirce||.}} In some contexts, it may be used to describe the position that knowledge may turn out to be false. Fallibilism was influential to the likes of [[Karl Popper]] and {{wpl|Imre Lakatos||.}}

Fallibilism can be understood as addressing the problem of [[infinite regress]]. Whenever trying to ascertain the [[truth]], we may always find ourselves in a cycle of asking "why?", the so-called infinite regress. Fallibilism integrates this issue by arguing that all knowledge is uncertain because of the potential for this regress. Rather than rejecting knowledge on these grounds, it accepts the regress as present while still making room for claims to truth. Fallibilism is ''not'' the belief that valid knowledge does not require justification. Rather, it's the belief that valid knowledge won't and can't be totally and absolutely justified.

=See also=
* [[Münchhausen Trilemma]]
* [[Falsifiability]]

{{stub|philosophy}}

[[Category:Logic]]
[[Category:Philosophy]]

Categories: Logic, Philosophy
Family

{{languagenav}}
{{Sources needed}}
A <b>family</b> generally refers to a group of people related by blood, [[marriage]], or [[adoption]]. You may choose your friends, but generally have fewer options when it comes to your family, notwithstanding the marriage/adoption clauses. Others groups may refer to themselves as families, emphasizing their feelings or aims of closeness.

"Family" can also be a [[Loaded language | loaded word]] when used by [[Conservatism|conservatives]], as in the [[Family Research Council]]. [[Poisoning_the_well|By framing themselves as being ''for'' families, they imply that the opposition is ''against'' families]]. Curiously, in such a [[paradigm]], favored families look like [[nuclear family|nuclear families]] (which is to say, like havens of mutual love and respect and [[Golden age|happy]] [[consumerism]]), whereas any alternative to this gets classified under the rainbow of ''dysfunctional'' "families", which merely provide evidence of [[moral decay]] — and which we should sort out, preferably by breaking them up for redistribution into orphanages and [[prison]]s.

==Start your own family==
* [[Marriage|Family creation]]
* [[Family planning]]

==Or join another family==
* [[The Family]]
* [[Mafia]]

==Or increase your family size==
=== Procreation ===
Do you really need advice on this?

=== Adoption ===
Now this is some food for your thought. As of 2019, there are approximately 153 million orphan children, most of them without families.<ref>https://www.sos-usa.org/our-impact/focus-areas/advocacy-movement-building/childrens-statistics</ref> There are also approximately 1,588 million households worldwide.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_households</ref> So basically, if only a tenth of households adopted a child instead of procreating one, the orphanage crisis would be over in a day. Time to trend a new hashtag like #AdoptOne, right?

==Or just hate on families that are "non-traditional"==
* [[Family values]]
* [[Focus on the Family]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{stub|Anthropology}}
[[Category:Sociology]]

Categories: Sociology
Family First New Zealand

{{Politics}}
'''Family First New Zealand''' are a [[conservative]] Christian lobby group in [[New Zealand|Kiwiland]]. Founded in 2006, they managed to instigate a referendum on the so-called 'anti-[[Corporal punishment|smacking]] law' in 2009.<ref>{{see-wp|New Zealand citizens-initiated referendum, 2009}}</ref>

They are opposed to [[gay marriage]], the [[HPV vaccine]], [[alcohol|binge drinking]], [[prostitution]], embryonic [[stem cell research]], [[euthanasia]], [[marijuana]], [[gambling]], the liberalisation of [[Easter]] trading laws, non [[abstinence]]-based [[sex]] education, and the popular TV drama ''{{wpl|Outrageous Fortune (TV series)|Outrageous Fortune}}''.<ref>[http://www.familyfirst.org.nz/issues/completely-outrageous-fortune/ Completely Outrageous Fortune]</ref><ref>They have ''[http://www.familyfirst.org.nz/issues/ issues]''.</ref><ref>[http://valueyourvote.org.nz/2011 Their questionnaire for politicians at the 2011 election.]</ref>

They should not be confused with the [[Australia]]n Family First Party, though they are on the same part of the political spectrum.
==References==
{{reflist|1|90%}}
{{stub|politics}}
[[Category:New Zealand]]
[[category:Political action groups]]
[[Category:Right-wing activists]]

Categories: New Zealand, Political action groups, Right-wing activists
Family Research Institute

{{homophobia}}
{{Hatnote|not to be confused with the [[Family Research Council]]}}
The '''Family Research Institute''' is a [[homophobic]] and [[transphobic]] [[right wing]] [[fundamentalist]] [[Christian]] advocacy group headquartered in Colorado Springs, [[Colorado]]. It was founded in 1982 as the ''Institute for the Scientific Investigation of Sexuality'' (''[[ISIS]]''<ref>The [[irony]]meter reading is of course an example of what [[TV Tropes]] calls [http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/HilariousInHindsight "Hilarious in Hindsight",] though the equally unintended ancient [[Egypt]]ian [[pagan]] {{wpl|Isis|allusions}} in both abbreviations are not (but perhaps [[Islamism|Islamist]] [[fundamentalist]] [[murder]]ers aren't ''that'' concerned with the abbreviation of an English translation of their organization's name...).</ref>) by Dr. Paul Cameron, and is classified as a hate group by the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]].<ref>[http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/groups/family-research-council Southern Poverty Law Center: Family Research Council]</ref>

Dr. Paul Cameron is a homophobic [[psychologist]].  He runs the Institute with his son, Kirk,<ref>No, not [[Kirk Cameron|that Kirk]].</ref> who has a Ph.D. in statistics from Stanford University.  You would think with that much academic experience, their [[bullshit|research]] wouldn't be so [[PIDOOMA|obviously]] [[fractal wrongness|flawed]].  However, their advocacy and their broad-brush statements — e.g., gays [[child sexual abuse|sexually abuse children]] at a higher rate than straights — have caused both the American Sociological Association and the Canadian Psychological Association to adopt resolutions criticizing the flawed and biased nature of their "research."

==See also==

*[[Family Research Council]]
*{{wpa|Family Research Institute}}
*[http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/faculty_sites/rainbow/html/facts_cameron.html Gregory Herek's (UC Davis) site thoroughly reviewing and debunking Paul Cameron]

==External links==

*[http://www.familyresearchinst.org/ Their awful web site]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|LGBT|LGBT}}

[[Category:Fundamentalist Christian organizations]]
[[Category:Political action groups]]
[[Category:Homophobia]]
[[Category:Misnomers]]
[[Category:Transphobia]]

Categories: Fundamentalist Christian organizations, Political action groups, Homophobia, Misnomers, Transphobia
Family Security Matters

{{internet}}
'''Family Security Matters''' is a [[conservative]] website affiliated with [[Frank Gaffney]]'s Center for Security Policy.  In their own words:

{{quotebox|Our mission is to inform all Americans, men and women, about the issues surrounding national security; to address their fears about safety and security on a personal, family, community, national and international level; to highlight the connection between individual safety and a strong national defense; to increase civic participation and political responsibility; and to empower all Americans to become proactive defenders of our national security and community safety.<ref> Family Security Matters: [http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/about/ About Us]</ref>}}

They advocate the creation of more [[Guantanamo Bay]]-style prisons,<ref>http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/id.2414,css.print/pub_detail.asp</ref> compared Islam to Nazism ,<ref>http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/id.520/pub_detail.asp</ref> and attack oversight of surveillance programs as dangerous.<ref>http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/detail/soros-money-muslim-advocates-leader-helped-weaken-homeland-security-policies</ref> FSM<ref>Not to be confused with the [[Fun:Flying Spaghetti Monster|Flying Spaghetti Monster]], or else!</ref> depict [[Islam]] as a monolithic force at war with the West, and advocate the devotion of tremendous government and military resources to national defense without safeguards against abuse. Needless to say, they're also very big on wishing to [[secure the border]].<ref>http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/detail/wall-on-northern-border-needed-soon</ref>

FSM publishes news and opinion pieces with a particular focus on connecting terrorism to everyday safety threats.  They achieved a level of prominence after publishing a [[Philip Atkinson 2007 Essay on Democracy|now-removed essay]] by Philip Atkinson advocating the depopulation of Iraq for resettlement by American colonists and the elevation of then-President [[George W. Bush]] to President-for-life.  The less sensational fare is still somewhat disturbing.  

==External links==
*[http://www.familysecuritymatters.org Family Security Matters website]

==See also==
*[[Philip Atkinson 2007 Essay on Democracy]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Political action groups]]
[[Category:United States politics]]
[[Category:Websites]]

Categories: Political action groups, United States politics, Websites