Psychic detective

{{Psychic}}{{crimenav}}
'''Psychic detectives''' are just regular old [[psychic]]s with an added quirk — that of seeing themselves as courageous [[miracle]]-workers, applying their special powers in order to 
fight
 solve [[crime]]s and save the day! A bit like superheroes, sans the spandex (in some cases).<ref group=note>They also lack any degree of effectiveness or value to society. And yes, we know that superheroes are fictional, but at least they can inspire positive actions in real people (like the time Superman brought down the [[Ku Klux Klan]]).</ref>

This is all absolutely fantastic, except for one little snag: there's never been a single documented crime case that was unequivocally solved by a psychic detective. And despite the title, they are rarely — ''if ever'' — actually trained as detectives.

Conversely, however, ''every single time'' a psychic has been consulted by investigators, [[WOMBAT|valuable time and resources have invariably been wasted in doing so]], never mind the 
[[asshole]]
 psychic occasionally managing to send the whole investigation on a wild goose chase. All the more [[ethics|ethical]], considering how often psychics solicit their "services" to the grieving parents of lost or abducted children.

==By the powers of Grayskull==
Psychic predictions fall into three categories:
#Specific claims ("the body is buried near that specific tree"), which always turn out to be false;<ref group=note>Well, maybe not ''always'', but the success rate is no better than random guessing; [[Improbable things happen|''some'' guesses made on no evidence whatsoever will be right]], but ''the vast majority'' will be wrong.</ref>
#[[Vague]] and broad claims ("the body is near water"), which are bound to be true ''some'' of the time;<ref group=note>Well, more often than specific claims, at any rate.</ref>
#[[Texas sharpshooter fallacy|Claiming you knew it all along ''after'' the fact]] ("I was told the body was buried there last night").

The lack of success is not for lack of trying, as psychics volunteer their services frequently to the [[police]], especially in missing persons cases and other high-profile cases. Some police departments even feel obliged to warn families about such people: "however desperate you become, do not resort to the psychics and mystics who invariably approach parents in this situation. Such people will charge you large amounts of money but do not help you."<ref>{{a|1=http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/previous%20series/crimprev/1-11/children.html|2=Missing children: advice, information and preventative action for parents, teachers and counsellors}}</ref><ref name="uk"/><ref name="shoe-string"/>

==Examples of successes==
So far, there are no documented cases beyond the occasional [[anecdote]]. If you know one, contact the [[JREF#Million-dollar challenge|JREF]] and receive your million dollars!

It is important to realize that a few psychic detectives appearing to have predicted something is ''not'' good proof of anything. There are a large number of predictions being made, and ''some'' — even some very improbable ones — will turn out to be true by chance. If there's a 1-in-1,000 chance of something happening, it's very likely to happen if you try 5,000 times. This is the [[Law of Large Numbers]].

Another potential pitfall is the [[Texas sharpshooter fallacy]]; like the Texan drawing the bullseye on the hole, due to [[confirmation bias]], people tend to look for evidence that may confirm whatever the prediction was, and due to [[selective reporting]], people tend to fail to notice anything that isn't unusual (like a random guess turning out to be wrong). For example, a psychic may say "the body is near the water," but what exactly does that mean? A river? A lake? The ocean? A bottle of water? What is "near"? In your pocket? Across the street? In the same city?

A number of controlled [[double-blind]] tests have been conducted, in which experimenters presented would-be psychics with photos of or evidence from actual crime scenes, asking them to describe the crimes which had taken place. So far, no psychic detective has done better than chance.<ref>{{a|1=http://www.richardwiseman.com/resources/det-JSPR.pdf|2=An experimental test of psychic detection}}</ref> Surveys among police departments also haven't yielded any positive results.<ref name="uk">{{a|1=http://www.critical-thinking.org.uk/paranormal/psychics/do-the-police-use-psychics.php|2=Do the UK police use psychics?}}</ref><ref>{{a|1=http://www.bayofplentytimes.co.nz/news/main-story-police-reject-psychic-advice/956769/|2=Police reject psychic advice}}</ref><ref>{{a|1=http://www.skeptically.org/spiritualism/id10.html|2=Psychics: Do Police Departments Really Use Them?}}</ref><ref>{{a|1=http://news.discovery.com/human/missing-persons-and-abductions-reveal-psychics-failures.htm|2=Missing Persons and Abductions Reveal Psychics' Failures}}</ref>

===Claimed successes that aren't===
* Ben Radford of the [[Committee for Skeptical Inquiry]] challenged [[Pseudoskepticism|pseudosceptical]] investigator [[Alex Tsakiris]] to "find the best case you can find. Look through all the psychics you want, figure out one, and pick the one case you think is airtight."<ref>{{a|1=http://www.skeptiko.com/57-the-psychic-detective-challenge/|2=57. The Psychic Detective Challenge}}</ref> Tsakiris chose the case of Nancy Weber, who claimed to have helped apprehend the serial killer James Koedatich in 1983.<ref>[http://www.murderpedia.org/male.K/k/koedatich-james.htm James J. Koedatich], Murderpedia.</ref> Radford spent some time investigating the case, going so far as to interview some of the detectives who worked on the case, and found there are conflicting accounts and no hard proof of any special powers.<ref>{{a|1=http://www.skeptiko.com/151-science-journalist-ben-radford-believes-psychic-detective/|2=Science Journalist Ben Radford “Believes” Psychic Detective}}</ref>

==Examples of spectacular failures==
* [[Sylvia Browne]] did many psych(ot)ic feats, and being a psychic detective was one of them. She claimed to have an accuracy rate of "somewhere between 87 and 90 percent." The [[Committee for Skeptical Inquiry]] found 115 cases, and found that 25 were flat-out wrong, and the other 90 were unconfirmable due to lack of details or the crime not being solved yet.<ref name="ding-dong">{{a|1=http://www.csicop.org/si/show/psychic_defective_sylvia_brownes_history_of_failure/|2=Psychic Defective: Sylvia Browne’s History of Failure}}</ref> Browne was wrong spectacularly in some cases; telling families that their missing children were alive or dead, which later turned out to be false. Some notable whoppers include, but are not limited to:
**In 1999, she told Opal Jo Jennings' grandmother that Jennings was still alive and in [[Japan]]. Her body was found in 2003 and found to have been killed almost immediately after being kidnapped.<ref name="ding-dong"/>
**In 2002, Browne told Holly Krewson's mother that Holly is addicted to drugs and in Los Angeles working as an erotic dancer. Her family made trips to LA and frequented nightclubs looking for her. In 2006, it was discovered that unidentified remains found in 1996 were Holly's.<ref name="ding-dong"/>
**She informed the mother of Amanda Berry that her missing daughter was dead.<ref>{{a|1=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821115737/http://www.stopsylvia.com/articles/montel_amandaberry.shtml|2=Sylvia Browne tells a mother that her missing daughter is dead.}}</ref> As it turns out, Berry was very much alive. Oops.
* A group of psychics told Dyfed–Powys Police ([[Wales]]) that they had been in touch with the [[ghost]] of a [[suicide]] victim. At the urging of the friends and family, the police investigated this. Result: all specific claims turned out to be false. Damage: five wasted months, a useless second post-mortem, and at least £20,000. To quote an involved police official: "We are in danger of becoming a laughing stock. We went haring across the country based on info from [[crank]]s."<ref>{{a|1=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1225417/Police-spend-thousands-investigating-suicide-murder-psychics-claim-spoken-dead-mans-ghost.html|2='Unsolved murder'… who you gonna call? Ghostbusters! (Or how police wasted £20,000 probing suicide after tip-off by psychics)}}</ref>
* The {{wpl|Atlanta murders of 1979–81}} spawned many tips from psychics; none of the tips panned out, and many were completely off the mark.<ref name="shoe-string">{{a|1=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/7320305/|2=Shoe leather, not sixth sense, breaks cases open.}}</ref>

=="But what's the harm?"==
You mean, aside from the emotional damage and [[false hope]] (depending on what nonsense the psychic [[PIDOOMA]]'ed) to family members of missing people?

Many police departments make efforts to follow up on all leads, the success of this depending on the sanity of whoever is in charge and how much the family pushes for "help" from psychics. One can hardly [[victim blaming|blame the family]]; most people will grasp any straw — no matter how small — when their child is missing, and that's entirely understandable. As a result, though, they are ruthlessly exploited by the so-called psychics (read: [[charlatan]]s) who take advantage of their plight.

==See also==
* The TV show ''[[Sensing Murder]]'' (2003-2005) has done much to popularize this bullshit.
* The same for ''{{wpl|Psychic Detectives}}'' a.k.a. ''Psychic Investigators'' (2004-2008).
* For something entertaining, the show ''{{wpl|Psych}}'' (2006-2014) inverts the idea by being about a detective who ''pretends'' to be psychic. Unsurprisingly, he has much more success than actual psychic detectives.
* In the ''[[South Park]]'' episode "Cartman's Incredible Gift," psychic detectives are hilariously parodied as frauds. In the episode, Eric Cartman tries to fly into the air using cardboard wings. This predictably fails and he ends up in a coma. When Eric comes out of his coma, he ends up believing that he is a psychic. The South Park Police Department, which is already incompetent, believes Cartman's nonsensical "visions."

==External links==
*[http://www.skepdic.com/psychdet.html Psychic detective], SkepDic
*[http://www.genpaku.org/skepticj/psychdet.html Psychic Detectives]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}
==References==
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[[Category:Crime]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience]]
[[Category:Psychic powers]]

Categories: Crime, Pseudoscience, Psychic powers