Microsoft

[[File:Microsoft logo and wordmark.svg|thumb|right|165px|The official logo]]
[[File:Bsodwindows10.png |thumb|right|165px|The more common logo]]
{{business}}
'''Microsoft''' (Sometimes stylized 'Micro$oft') is a software company founded by [[Bill Gates]] and Paul Allen and headquartered in Redmond, [[Washington]]. Its main product has been operating systems for personal [[computer]]s based on Intel and later ARM microprocessors.{{efn|Variants of Windows exist for Intel i860, DEC Alpha, Itanium, MIPS, and PowerPC, but these were later phased out as workstations using said architecture became obsolete in favor of equivalent x86 and ARM machines.}} Microsoft also has an applications division with a focus on business software, including word processor, database, spreadsheet and email applications. It has the majority market share of the PC operating system market and its Xbox series of consoles has a fairly large share of the [[video game]] console market, except in [[Japan]]. Other ventures are in software development (Visual Studio and .NET), servers (Windows Server), cloud services (Windows Azure), telecommunications (Skype), phones (Windows Phone),{{efn|They have since retired both Windows CE (and Windows Mobile in particular) and the NT-based Windows Phone operating systems due to its dismal market share. Perhaps in a stroke of [[irony]], Microsoft released Surface-branded phablets running a near-stock Android distribution with only some mild changes on Microsoft's side.}} embedded hardware (POS Machines, handhelds), peripherals (Keyboards, Mice, Headsets, etc.) and basic [[scientific]] research ({{wpl|Microsoft Research|No really}}). They have formerly owned half of [[MSNBC]] before their share was sold to NBC Universal.

There are [[Government|some groups]] that argue that Microsoft has unfairly abused its market position.

==Business practices==
Microsoft's [[business]] strategy consists mostly of leveraging to try and minimize user defections to non-Microsoft software. For instance, Microsoft heavily relied upon the anti-competitive [[bullshit]]ting tactic, "[[FUD|Embrace, extend and extinguish]]." It has also entered into restrictive contracts with computer manufacturers requiring their operating systems to be installed on any computer sold by the manufacturers, and allowing Microsoft to specify which OS. This led to Vista, known for being a technical and critical disaster, being installed on many new machines where the customer would have preferred Windows XP. The rapid release of the widely successful Windows 7 alleviated much of these concerns, while Windows 8 adopted a more rapid upgrade system, with the first incremental upgrade one year after release.

Microsoft offers very substantial discounts to [[corporate]] clients for OSs and applications. Many of these contracts prohibit non-Microsoft products from being used by the company, even where that product may provide a better result.{{fact}} There have been continuing conflicts between competitors and Microsoft about information on OS calls required by applications to run efficiently.{{fact}}

Microsoft has used its market position to simply take (See EEE above) or duplicate a product and include it with new operating systems;{{fact}} they have frequently lost court cases and been compelled to pay for those products.{{fact}} Internet Explorer was such a product, originating as a version of the first web browser, Mosaic; in Windows 98 Internet Explorer was engineered to be as deeply integrated into the operating system as possible, leading to Microsoft claiming that excising the {{wpl|Trident (layout engine)|Trident}} engine off Windows [[Bullshit|would lead to instability]]. While Microsoft was indeed correct in some way as components such as HTML Help and those that depend on IE/Trident would no longer function correctly, third party tools such as 98Lite rendered Microsoft's claims moot point as it replaced the IE-dependent portions of the OS such as Windows Explorer with those from Windows 95.

Microsoft would later be forced to sell versions of Windows with Internet Explorer and/or Media Player removed in certain territories such as Europe and South Korea under the N and KN designations respectively. These editions come with a selection screen allowing users to choose their preferred browser in place of Internet Explorer.

And as if they haven't learned from the IE monopoly scandal at all, they have in recent years garnered controversy for pushing products such as the [[Google|Chromium]]-based Edge browser and the Copilot [[AI]] assistant up everyone's throats much to the chagrin of many.

Microsoft's predatory business practices and market dominance inevitably became the subject of both parody and satire: in 1994 there was a widely circulated email shitpost which claimed that the company had somehow acquired the [[Roman Catholic Church]] for a few billion dollars, with Microsoft using their supposedly acquired assets to aid in developing religious software.<ref name=museum>{{cite web |url=http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/msft.html |first=Alex |last=Boese |title=Microsoft Buys the Catholic Church |work=Museum of Hoaxes |access-date=2010-11-05 |archive-date=2010-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006080424/http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/msft.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Email Hoaxes: Form, Function, Genre Ecology |last=Heyd |first=Theresa |year=2008 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |location=Amsterdam |isbn=978-90-272-5418-4 |page=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jUTkPqhvd-wC |access-date=October 30, 2010}}</ref> Despite the blatantly tongue-in-cheek nature of the letter and obvious giveaways as to its nature, many have still [[Poe's Law|fallen for the bait]] and sent angry letters to Microsoft expressing their displeasure with a [[blasphemy|blasphemous]] act that they didn't even commit in the first place.<ref name=museum/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7457191.stm |work=BBC News |title=Timeline: Bill Gates and Microsoft |publisher=BBC |access-date=2010-11-05 |date=2008-06-18 |archive-date=2010-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119085639/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7457191.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> The Catholic Church acquisition hoax soon led to similarly outrageous shitposts, such as with [[IBM]] supposedly acquiring the [[Episcopal Church]] in response to the Microsoft hoax, as well as the Italian television network RAI investing in what the release claimed to be "Microsoft Corp.'s planned on-line computer service, the Microsoft Divine Network."<ref name=museum/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.2meta.com/april-fools/1994/Microsoft-buys-Vatican.html |title=1994 Fools: Microsoft to Buy Catholic Church |work=April Fools on the Net |publisher=www.2meta.com |access-date=2010-11-05 |archive-date=2011-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212083350/http://www.2meta.com/april-fools/1994/Microsoft-buys-Vatican.html |url-status=live }}</ref> This also led to meta-parodies suggesting that Microsoft bids to acquire ''everything''{{efn|Which to be fair, has some basis in reality as they have been doing so as recently as their purchase of Activision Blizzard.}} and even the phrase "Microsoft Acquires".

==Competition==
Historically, Microsoft's main competition was [[Apple Inc.|Apple]].<ref group=note>Microsoft does develop software for Apple's Mac OS and Microsoft Office for Mac is pretty popular.</ref> The difference in hardware and relatively low volumes meant that Apple hardware was not a viable market for a DOS or Windows version. Apple blinked and went with an Intel processor architecture in the mid-2000s, due in part to issues with the PowerPC architecture, particularly the G5 which ran ''hot''. Many Apple machines during that period are able to dual boot Windows and the native Apple operating system. Apple initially had an advantage in the graphics market, but with the state of hardware and DirectX over OpenGL, it's typically a push, unless you bring costs into the equation. Apple again transitioned to their own in-house developed ARM processors based off the ones they used for iPhones and other iDevices, but while Microsoft has ported Windows to ARM,{{efn|Especially for low-power internet appliances such as cellphones, tablets and laptops; Microsoft has had several attempts at breaking into the cellular space with Windows Phone and Windows 10 Mobile (as well as the infamous KIN project based on Windows CE), but all of them were written off as utter failures, at one point taking Nokia's former cellphone division along with it.}} Apple has so far not provided an official Boot Camp implementation for their ARM-based devices running their in-house designed silicon,{{efn|Though projects such as Asahi Linux do give ARM Mac users the means to boot Linux on their Macs regardless.}} instead directing users who need to run a different OS to resort to virtualization software such as Parallels or QEMU. Apple also provided a set of tools for developers to aid in porting Windows games to macOS though a fork of {{wpl|Wine (software)|WINE}} called the Game Porting Toolkit.

In the operating system market only Apple's Mac OS X and the free [[Linux]] are putting up a fight — the former being a certified variant of Unix<ref group=note>Via the {{wpl|Darwin (operating system)|Darwin}} (not to be confused with [[Charles Darwin|Charles]]) codebase, which is {{wpl|Single UNIX Specification|certified as Unix}} by {{wpl|The Open Group||,}} which holds the 
Unix
 UNIX® trademark.</ref> and the latter an uncertified variant — and there are of course different versions of Unix and Unix-like operating systems and a few word processing/typesetting systems but these typically run on special hardware, for example the IBM RISC system running IBM's version of UNIX. While Microsoft Windows dominate the market of operating systems for personal computers, high-end machines &mdash; mainframes, servers, and supercomputers &mdash; typically run on Linux distribution.

Microsoft also competes in other areas, like with [[Google]] (search, ads, mail, web browsing, phone/tablet software and cloud storage), [[Apple]] (phone/tablet software), Oracle (Java vs. .NET and cloud computing), [[Open source|FOSS]] (on virtually every front), Sony and [[Nintendo]] (video games). They have since given up on the mobile operating system space however, conceding to Android which has been the default operating system on some of their Surface-branded smart devices.

==Key people==
===Bill Gates===
{{main|Bill Gates}}
While his business practices make him a complete oddball, since taking a more minor role at Microsoft he has begun the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation dedicated to [[charity]] around the world.<ref>Internal Microsoft emails were divulged during antitrust hearings and revealed Gates to be involved with usability at the lowest level: [http://blog.seattlepi.com/microsoft/2008/06/24/full-text-an-epic-bill-gates-e-mail-rant/ Full text: An epic Bill Gates e-mail rant]</ref> As the world's largest private foundation it promotes agriculture, sanitation, [[vaccine]]s and [[education]] to the world with crazy amounts of funding.

Due to Gates' concern about the risk of high population growth to social stability (particularly in Africa),<ref>[https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/09/africas-rapid-population-growth-puts-poverty-progress-at-risk-says-gates/ "Bill Gates has a warning about population growth"], World Economic Forum, September&nbsp;19, 2018.</ref> and Gates' belief that improved healthcare—including vaccinations—naturally reduces the amount of children a couple wish to have,<ref>Herper, M. (November&nbsp;2, 2011). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2011/11/02/the-second-coming-of-bill-gates/ "With Vaccines, Bill Gates Changes The World Again"], ''[[Forbes]]''.</ref> Gates naturally has been a subject of [[Depopulation conspiracy theory|depopulation conspiracy theories]], particularly among the [[anti-vaccination movement]].<ref>Kasprak, A. (March&nbsp;10, 2017). [https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/bill-gates-vaccinations-depopulation/ "Did Bill Gates Admit Vaccinations Are Designed So Governments Can Depopulate the World?"], [[Snopes]].</ref>

Likewise, Gates' prominent role in world health charity, combined with his previous correct predictions about the dangers of a large-scale pandemic and his indirect criticism of [[Donald Trump]]'s poor response to the pandemic, has (of course) led him to being the subject of many conspiracy theories related to the [[2019-20 COVID-19 outbreak#Blaming Bill Gates|2020 COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>Greene, J. (May&nbsp;2, 2020). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/02/bill-gates-coronavirus-science/ "The billionaire who cried pandemic"], ''[[The Washington Post]]''.</ref><ref>Wakabayashi, D. (April&nbsp;17, 2020). [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/17/technology/bill-gates-virus-conspiracy-theories.html "Bill Gates, at Odds With Trump on Virus, Becomes a Right-Wing Target"], ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref>

===Steve Ballmer===
The previous CEO of Microsoft oversaw what was considered a downturn of Microsoft's place in the market. By failing to adapt quickly enough in certain areas (Mobile Development, for example), Microsoft lost market share in pretty much every category. Thank God he's gone, and now spends his time running the mostly harmless Los Angeles Clippers.<ref group=note>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I14b-C67EXY Cocaine is a] [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vhh_GeBPOhs hell of a drug.]</ref>

===Satya Nadella===
Before you ask "Who?" this guy was the head of server and tools division before being thrust into the CEO role. If there's one thing he's good at, it's making [[money]]. He's educated as a computer scientist and businessman, and has ''Hit Refresh''<ref>Its the name of his book on how he rebooted Microsoft</ref> on the company in enough ways to have it trade for most valuable public company on the planet again.<ref>https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/31/microsoft-finishes-2018-as-the-top-public-company.html</ref> Of notable things in his tenure is a focus on software and services over devices (introducing Windows 10, the end of the phone line, promoting Phil Spencer to take gaming as a serious prospect, the acquisition of GitHub in 2018 for some examples) and larger acceptance of open source items (.NET Core, Chromium Edge, Linux Subsystem, Visual Studio Code).

Nadella has raised some controversy with his [[sexism|sexist]] comment that women should not ask for a pay raise, but instead rely on [[karma]] giving them the pay they deserve.<ref>http://time.com/3486673/microsofts-ceo-satya-nadella-women-work-gender-pay-gap/</ref> He walked that back later.

==See also==
*[[Apple]]
*[[OS Wars]]
*[[Phonecalls from Microsoft]]

==External links==
*{{wpl|Microsoft|The Wikipedia article|,}} if you were looking for a more detailed article about the company.

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist|1|80%}}

[[Category:Technology]]
[[Category:Business]]
[[Category:Internet]]
[[Category:Video games]]
[[Category:Operating systems]]

Categories: Technology, Business, Internet, Video games, Operating systems