King James Only

{{bronze}}{{biblenav}}{{cquote|If your original [[Hebrew]] disagrees with my original King James --- your original Hebrew is wrong.
If your original Hebrew agrees with my original King James, your original Hebrew is right.|||AV1611VET<ref>[http://www.fstdt.com/QuoteComment.aspx?QID=13173 Fundies Say The Darndest Things, Quote #13173]</ref>}}
'''King James Only''' is the belief, found among some English-speaking [[Christian]]s, that the [[Guide to Bible translations#King James Version|King James Version]] (KJV) of the [[Bible]]  is either the best translation, or the only reliable or genuine translation of the Bible in modern English.  It is most prominent among [[fundamentalist]] [[Independent Baptist]]s and is also found in other churches from the [[Mormon]]s to the [[snake handling]] sects to some ultra-[[conservative]] [[Anglican]]s.

==Motives==

Some people may just like the KJV's text better than other texts (e.g. they were raised with it, or think its language has more gravitas as in "Judge not, that ye be not judged. . ." as opposed to "Do not judge, or you too will be judged"<ref>NIV Version https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+7%3A1-3&version=NIV</ref>), but the usual justifications for this position are that the modern translations were from "corrupted" manuscripts, or were done by a conspiracy of Bible-denying [[satanism|Satanists]], [[liberal]]s and [[humanism|secular humanists]], or [[Conservapedia:The Conservative Bible Project|some combination thereof]].<ref>David J Stewart claiming the N.I.V was created by Satanists and atheists! http://www.jesus-is-savior.com/Bible/NIV/worship.htm</ref> The most likely reason, though, is they like all the "thees" and "thous" and God saying "behold!" like the world's most powerful used car salesman, and believe them to have some kind of mystical [[woo]] when speaking of the [[God|deity]] that modern English does not have. This is exactly why the KJV was written in language that was a bit archaic even for 1611.  According to [[Bryan Denlinger]], this is a special form of English known as biblical English used by God to write the bible.

In the original preface to the KJV, the translators themselves wrote:<ref>http://www.bible-researcher.com/kjvpref.html</ref>

{{quotebox|the very meanest translation of the Bible in English ... containeth the word of God, nay, is the word of God.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=IWybLVLev44C&pg=PA2&ei=68Y4SZbqGIX-kwSgp9yDCg#PPA2,M1 Holy Bible, King James Version, page lxii]</ref>}}

and

{{quotebox|we never thought from the beginning, that we should need to make a new Translation, nor yet to make of a bad one a good one, ... but to make a good one better ...<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=IWybLVLev44C&pg=PA2&ei=68Y4SZbqGIX-kwSgp9yDCg#PPA5,M1 Holy Bible, King James Version, page lxv]</ref>}}

Implicit in these statements is the translators' belief that the KJV, like older translations, was not perfect, but was an improvement.

The position of some King James Onlyites is that God not only inspired the original texts in Hebrew, [[Fun:Greek|Greek]] and Aramaic on which it is based, but reinspired the King James Version as an inerrant English ''translation'', in order to transmit His Word faithfully to the end times.{{efn|A few King James Onlyists go even further, and claim that the original Hebrew, Greek, and Aramaic were imperfect, and that the differences in meaning between some KJV passages and the original were actually God ''correcting'' the earlier mistakes.}}  No one bothers to explain why God would "inspire" only the KJV translation, while also allowing numerous "erroneous" translations to be published.  And this, of course, runs into trouble right away when we open the KJV and find the Jews observing [[Easter]] (not [[Passover]], which is meant) in {{bible|Acts|12|4}}.<ref>[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%2012:4&version=KJV Acts 12:4]</ref> A few Christians defend this as a combination of "Easter" being an originally Pagan festival, not anachronistic with respect to Acts;<ref>[http://www.jesus-is-savior.com/Bible/easter_is_not_a_mistranslation.htm "Easter" is Not a Mistranslation]</ref> however, this is based on the assumption that "Easter" is derived from the Akkadian goddess Ishtar, rather than a West Germanic goddess named Ostara.{{efn|In actual fact, ''Ostara'' is cognate with Latin ''Aurora'' and Greek ''Eos'', meaning "dawn", and may in fact have come from the same Proto-Indo-European deity; to the extent that Ishtar had a Germanic counterpart at all, it probably would have been Freyja. Not to mention that totally fails to explain why "Easter" and cognates only appear in a couple of West Germanic languages and nowhere else in the world; most other languages use either a derivative or calque of the Hebrew ''pesach'', and use the same word to refer to Passover.}} It runs into further trouble when the KJV contains several instances of wild oxen mistranslated as [[unicorn]]s ({{bible|Psalm|22|21}}, {{bible|Psalm|29|6}}, and {{bible|Psalm|92|10}}, as well as {{bible|Job|39|9|10}}, {{bible|Isaiah|34|7}}, {{bible|Numbers|23|22}}, and {{bible|Deuteronomy|33|17}}),{{efn|KJV-onlyists to the contrary have to believe this wasn't a mistranslation at all, and unicorns are real because "it's in the Bible!"}} mistranslating the Hebrew for {{wpl|striped hyena}} as 'speckled bird' ({{bible|Jeremiah|12|9}}), and the use of words in the KJV now considered vulgar, such as 'piss' (newer translations substitute more genteel words for the urinary act.) On the other hand, the KJV is less prone to covering up the intent of the more filthy passages of the Bible such as {{bible|Ezekiel|23|18|21}} or {{bible|2 Chronicles|10|10}}, which are often bowdlerised in more recent translations.

Another problem with the KJV only position is the KJV was revised in 1629, 1638, 1762, and 1769.  Most KJV-onlyists use a modern printing which means the last revision, not the original 1611 KJV.  KJV-onlyists counter that these revisions were negligible and to correct minor errors and archaic typeface, but doesn't the fact that ''errors'' had to be corrected from the 1611 version say a lot about the inerrancy of the original KJV?  Indeed, a few KJV-onlyists on the fringe insist on only a 1611 KJV and claim that it, typos and all, is inerrant, but most don't. Of course who else should "refute" this blatant hole in logic with a good ol' [[Conspiracy theory]] Than [[Jesus Is Savior|Davie?]]<ref>http://www.jesus-is-savior.com/Bible/KJB/several_editions.htm</ref>  Furthermore none of the current KJV only bibles use the 29 letter alphabet used for the printing of the 1611 KJV.

A better approach used by some KJV-onlyists is to defend the accuracy of the texts the KJV was translated from (the Textus Receptus) over that of the texts used by most modern translations (the Wescott-Hort text, usually), as well as over other texts like the Latin Vulgate.  This could be argued either way although a majority of Bible scholars favor Wescott-Hort.  However, several English translations were translated from the Textus Receptus, including the popular 1982 New King James Version as well as several more obscure translations, and as most KJV-onlyists balk at supporting any of these it calls their good faith in using this argument into question.  In fact, the 21st Century King James Version is just the King James Version with minimal revisions to replace obsolete terms that nobody understands anymore, but few KJV-onlyists accept even it.

Some KJV-onlyists have gone one step further and declared that English itself is the only proper language for Christians, being the language the KJV was written in (despite the fact that Jesus predates English itself).

One must consider that the KJV features the "thee" and "ye" pronouns which were already obsolete by the time the KJV was written, but they were used because they matched the ancient Hebrew and Greek texts. Modern English does not distinguish between "you singular" and "you plural", or "you formal" and "you informal" but the original texts did, and the KJV uses these pronouns so that a simple "you" does not serve to confuse people, as is the case of the NKJV or any other new English translation, which shows the reliability of the KJV in preserving the ancient sentence structure. Some more recent translations make this distinction in other ways without using "thou", such as the [[Jehovah's Witnesses|New World Translation]] that writes "you" in lowercase when singular or "<span style="font-variant:small-caps">you</span>" in small caps when plural.

There was also a criticism from Dutch biblical scientists that was leveled at the ''Herziene Statenvertaling'' (''Revised State Translation'', or if you want it paraphrased in a less literal way, the ''Revised King James Translation'') that the ''King James translation'' is a translation of the ''Textus Receptus'', a not-so-optimal variant of the original Byzantine text. In this 400 year passage there have been way older texts found that have a more accurate representation of what was actually written in the Bible such as the Codex Vaticanus, the Codex Sinaïticus, the Bodmer papyri 66 and 75, the Chester Beatty papyri 45, 46, 47 and many others.

==''New Age Bible Versions''==

One textual analysis written by Gail Riplinger, a [[credentials|trained interior decorator]], is ''The [[New Age]] Bible Versions'', which compares various contemporary translations side by side with the King James.  It is a barking mad paranoid rant that exploits variant readings and translation errors, along with sketchy [[gematria]] and [[argumentum ex culo]], to make the point that the Bible is being corrupted by translators who are attempting to slowly remove the name of God from the Bible.

Criticisms abound, from the obvious (Riplinger is a kook with tortured-at-best logic) to the technical (older, closer-to-the-source manuscripts are better than the ones the KJV was based on; variant readings are not inherently corrupt) to the spurious (Riplinger, as a woman, should not be teaching about the Bible).

==Alexandrian manuscript==
KJV Onlyists claim that the Alexandrian manuscripts were corrupted by Egyptians which they maintain is the source of all heresies which arose.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080724163007/https://www.cai.org/bible-studies/why-christians-should-use-king-james-bible</ref>  The reality is that none of the Alexandrian manuscripts are of Alexandrian origin.  Rather, Alexandrian is a classification given to manuscripts which use the uncial script type named after the Codex Alexandrinus (Manuscript A) which was written in this text type.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandrian_text-type</ref>  The uncial text type is was supplanted by the Byzantine minuscule text in the 9th century.  Most Alexandrian manuscripts are of Greek origin, including the Codex Alexandrinus.

KJV Onlyists claim that the KJV is based on Antiochian manuscripts, a non-existent manuscript type.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts</ref>  The Textus Receptus itself is based on six Byzantine manuscripts obtained by Erasmus from Greek emigres for the purpose of creating a prepared text from which to make translations.  None of the manuscripts used for the prepared text were complete.  Erasmus translated the text from the Latin Vulgate into the Greek to make up for missing portions of the manuscripts. The oldest manuscript used for the prepared text dates to the 14th century.  The Byzantine manuscripts were known for the accumulation of errors over time and inclusion of glossed notes by the Greek copyists much of which are absent in the older manuscripts such as Manuscript א‎ and Manuscript B.

KJV onlyists claim that the New Age Bibles delete from the word of God who is presumably Erasmus.  Scholars and academics are in general agreement that these were additions made from gloss notes by copyists.  The KJV is 12% longer than even a wordy minority text Bible such as the NIV.

==Church of Antioch and the General Catholic Canon==
KJV Onlyists claim that their King James Only bibles are based on the so-called Antiochian manuscripts (which are in reality known by scholars to be late term Byzantine Manuscripts –Class IV) and that these Antiochian manuscripts are untainted by corruption, the pure word of god.  However, KJV onlyists reject the General Catholic Canon (GCC) which added five extra books and additions to the other 46 books of the Old Testament of the Formal Catholic Canon (FCC) as a concession to the Church of Antioch during the deliberations in the councils between 382 and 397 which lead to the canonization of the Bible.  The KJV onlyists consider that these extra books (7 books of the FCC and the 12 in the GCC) corruptions.

Since the KJV Onlyists reject the Old Testament of the FCC and the deuterocanonical books, the KJV onlyists should consider the GCC even more corrupted and reject anything from Antioch and the even more corrupted bibles.  Since the KJV Onlyists lack anyone with an actual historical education, other than attending a 'how to thump your bible' school, they unknowingly accept a historical contradiction which reduces their claims to the absurd.  If KJV Onlyists truly believed their claims regarding the trustworthiness of the Church in Antioch, KJV Onlyists must accept the 51 book canon and other additions.  However, KJV onlyists only accept 39 books of the Rabbinic canon of 870.

==Parallel movements==
There is a parallel movement to King James Only among some [[Traditionalist Catholicism|traditionalist]] [[Roman Catholic]]s who hold to a ''Douay-Rheims Only'' position.

The [[Bible_translation#Douay-Rheims_Bible_and_relatives|Douay-Rheims Bible]] was translated from the Latin Vulgate, rather than the original Greek and Hebrew versions, and many Catholic traditionalists believe that to translate the Bible from anything but the official Latin Bible of the [[Catholic Church]] is [[heresy]].  That Douay-Rheims includes so many obscure [[Latin]] and Greek-derived words (many long obsolete, or never even really established in English) as to be near-incomprehensible to the modern reader — indeed, far more so than the merely archaic King James Version — apparently doesn't matter.
 
Literary mega-critic Harold Bloom has recommended secular use of the King James due to its superiority as a Bible translation having achieving "the sublime summit of English Literature". He also notes that the atheist Faulkner, (Manichean? Gnostic?) equally unorthodox Melville, and Emily Dickinson having learned nearly all they knew of prose and poetic cadence from the King James translation, and a good knowledge of this translation is necessary for understanding their work.

Certain sects of Dutch protestant fundamentalists have come to revere the 1637 ''Statenvertaling'' in much the same way that their English-speaking counterparts treat the KJV. The ''Statenvertaling'', like the KJV, was based on the Septuagint and the Erasmian ''Textus receptus'', and just like with the NKJV, there has been a revised ''Statenvertaling'' issued recently that updates the translation to use modern Dutch but purposefully ignores the results of any post-17th-century textual criticism.

Then there is ''Tann Føroyska King James'', which is a ''translation from the KJV into the Faroese language''.<ref>[http://fkj.fo/ Yes, this actually exists.]</ref> While it's hardly [[green ink]] in style, content-wise it is about the same. To quote: "Why translate the King James Bible A.V. 1611 into Faroese? Haven't we already got two translations ... ? Well, once you've seen that both these current Faroese bibles are translated from Westcott and Hort's corrupt manuscripts, and once you've seen clearly that there is a "pure" lineage and a "corrupt" lineage of Bibles, and that the King James is translated exclusively from the "pure", there is only one thing to do; get going."<ref group=note> Original text: ''Hví fara at týða King James Bíbliuna A.V. 1611 til føroyskt?  Hava vit ikki longu tvær týðingar ... ? Jú, tá tú hevur sæð, at báðar tær núverandi føroysku bíbliurnar eru týddar eftir korruptu manuskriptunum hjá Westcott og Hort, og tá ið tú hevur sæð heilt klárt at tað finnast tvær linjur av bíblium, onnur rein og hin korrupt, og at King James Bíblian er týdd útilokandi eftir teirri reinu linjuni, so er bert eitt at gera, og tað er at fara í gongd.''</ref>

==Notable Christian supporters of the King James Only Belief==
[[File:KJV-King-James-Version-Bible-first-edition-title-page-1611.xcf|thumb|right|250px|Frontispiece of 1611 Bible]]
*[[Jack Chick]] - Cartoonist and ahistorical crank, used to be a holyroller.
*[[Texe Marrs]]
*[[Jack Hyles]]
*[[Alberto Rivera]] - Charlatan, fraudster, and confidence trickster. [[Affinity fraud|Bilked fellow KJV onlyists.]]
*[[William Branham]]
*David J. Stewart of the [[Jesus Is Savior]] ministry
*[[Charles Worley]]
*Kenny Williamson - Seminary Graduate, Author, Flat Earther, Podcaster, KJV-only.
*Gail Riplinger - author of ''New Age Bible Versions''
*[[Steven Anderson]] - Anti-semitic "hard preaching" windbag.
*[[Kent Hovind]] - of the dinosaur zoo and tax fraud fame. 
* [[Eric Hovind]] — caught selling a Henry M. Morris version of the King James Version.
*[[Eric Jon Phelps]] - racist white-supremacist fringe of the KJV Onlyist movement whom other KJV-onlyists just hope becomes a some-other-bible-onlyist because when he's around they have to travel incognito just in case he wants to say "hi".
* Peter Ruckman - the lunatic fringe whom even other KJV-onlyites avoid. (Ruckman promotes the rather daft conspiracy theory that the Septuagint, the Tanakh of Hellenistic Judaism and the Old Testament of Eastern Christianity, was a hoax.)
*[[Bryan Denlinger]] - Combination of Jon Phelps and Ruckman.
*Robert Breaker - Ruckman's student but minus the racism and false rapture prophet.
*Amazing Grace Baptist Church of Canton, [[North Carolina]] gained international media attention in 2009 for announcing a [[Halloween]] [[book burning]] of all Bibles except the KJV, plus "Satanic" authors like [[Billy Graham]], [[Rick Warren]], and [[Mother Teresa]].
*{{wpl|Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland}} - Scottish extreme Calvinists

==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwUSA7jPGsA "They Took Out Jesus' Words!"] - Entertaining rant by Jack Chick's resident "biblical scholar" David Daniels.

==Notes==
{{reflist|2|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

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[[Category:Bible analysis]]

Categories: Bible translations, Christianity, Bible analysis