trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Observer effect

{{sciencenav}}
{{cquote|No fair! You changed the outcome by measuring it!|||Professor Farnsworth<ref>"The Luck of the Fryrish," ''[[Futurama]]''</ref>}}
The '''observer effect''' refers to the fact that merely observing or measuring some physical feature of a system will change that feature. Although it technically applies to particle and [[quantum physics]], it can be appropriated to real world (macroscopic) instances: for example, measuring tyre pressure normally involves releasing a little air, thus ''changing'' the pressure, by however small an amount.

Detecting an [[electron]] requires bouncing a photon of light off it, thus changing its speed and altering its path. This occurs because the observer becomes a part of the system to be measured.

It is sometimes confused with [[Heisenberg's uncertainty principle]].<ref>As famously in the movie ''Lost World''</ref>  While interactions between [[photon]]s, and subsequent changes in momentum are used to rationalize and explain the uncertainty principle, the principle itself refers to a fundamental limit to which we can measure the values of complementary pairs, most famously position and momentum. Essentially, even if all of quantum mechanics were wrong, the uncertainty principle would still hold. Some like to say not even God can accurately measure both position and momentum. In contrast, the observer effect is often used to describe the collapse of a wave function to a particular value. [[Experiment]]al findings from 2010-2012 suggest that the observer effect doesn't play a part in quantum uncertainty, and that a model of the uncertainty principle that assumes the observer effect plays a significant role overestimates the degree of uncertainty in measurements.<ref>[http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v109/i10/e100404 ''Phys. Rev. Lett.'' 109, 100404 (2012)]</ref>

==See also==
*[[quantum entanglement|Entanglement]] 
*[[Schrödinger's cat]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|science}}
Občiansky tribunál (slovensky)

{{Hatnote|The following article was written in Slovakian.}}
{{conspiracy}}
{{cquote|Odvážni a statoční občania slovenského národa, ktorí vedú neustály boj proti režimu korporácií na Slovensku, zriadili dňa 9.11. 2013 Občiansky tribunál ako dočasné štátne zriadenie slovenského odboja.
Občiansky tribunál týmto dňom dočasne preberal moc ústavodarnú a zákonodarnú, výkonnú a súdnu, do oslobodenia slovenského národa a uzatvorenia novej slobodnej a demokratickej spoločenskej zmluvy občana so štátom.|||Občiansky tribunál}}
{{cquote|Občiansky tribunál sa stáva dočasným, jediným ústavodarným, zákonodarným, výkonným a súdnym orgánom počas stavu ústavnej núdze.|||Občiansky tribunál}}

Komická partičká bláznov, ktorí žijú v alternatívnej realite, kde Slovenská republika neexistuje. Bola totiž na základe Ústavy Slovenskej republiky zrušená.<ref>[https://fici.sme.sk/c/20692894/slovensko-je-zrusene-a-media-to-zatajuju-tito-pani-sa-to-vybrali-vysvetlit-do-rtvs.html Slovensko je zrušené a média to zatajujú. Títo páni sa to vybrali vysvetliť do RTVS], Kristína Gyuríková, SME Fičí, 10.11.2017</ref><ref>[https://infosecurity.sk/domace/pohlad-do-duse-obcianskeho-tribunalu-parlament-je-narodna-zrada-vladnu-nam-korporacie-zachrani-nas-len-rusko/ Pohľad do duše Občianskeho tribunálu: parlament je národná (z)rada, vládnu nám korporácie, zachráni nás len Rusko], Monika Jakábová, Infosecurity, 18.7.2021</ref><ref>[https://dennikn.sk/28535/nastriekal-na-parlament-1-percento-sedi-v-leopoldove/ Nastriekal na parlament 1 %, druhý týždeň sedí v Leopoldove], Monika Tódová, Denník N, 19.1.2015</ref>

{{cquote|Pán občan Michal Valent, vyzval som vás na bezodkladnú a bezpodmienečnú kapituláciu|
||...povedal Jozef Klányi sudcovi Michalovi Valentovi}}


Postavičky:
* Jozef Klányi
* Milan Laurinec
* Andrej Laurince (syn)
* Daša Bajlová
* Peter Socha
* Igor Jurečka

Výber tých najlepších hlodov a absurdností si môžete pozrieť na kanáli [https://www.youtube.com/c/Ov%C4%8DianskyTribun%C3%A1l/videos Ovčiansku tribunál].

==Referencie==
{{reflist|1|80%}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Obciansky tribunal}}
[[Category:Conspiracy theorists]]
[[Category:Slovensky]]

Categories: Conspiracy theorists, Slovensky
Office of Technology Assessment

{{USpolitics}}
The '''Office of Technology Assessment''' was part of the corporate industrial conspiracy to suppress free energy, natural cures and the like,<ref>[http://www.whale.to/a/null9.html OTA] from [[Gary Null]], quoted on [[whale.to]]</ref> masquerading as an office of the United States Congress.<ref>[http://www.fas.org/ota/ OTA archive]</ref>

Its notional goal when set up in 1972 was to provide a central resource for authoritative evaluation of questions of fact relating to science and technology.<ref>[http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2007/09/14/bring-back-the-ota/ Pharyngula]</ref> In reality, its design was biased such that assessments gave much greater weight to objectively verifiable peer-reviewed "science" than to the much more compelling claims of lobbyists.

It was killed off in 1995 by the Republican "Contract 
On
 With America", and this death paved the way for the likes of [[NCCAM]], whose framing makes the ''right result'' much more likely, prioritizing the search for supporting evidence and [[sound science]] over the stuffy old scientific dogma of testing against the null hypothesis.<ref>Chris Mooney, ''The Republican War on Science'' (New York: Basic Books, 2005)</ref> What has the scientific method ever done for us, eh?

There is some talk of bringing it back.<ref>[http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/04/fromthefields-holt/ Rush Holt], ''Wired''</ref>

==External links==
* [http://www.fas.org/ota/ OTA official archive]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Organizations]][[Category:United States government]]

Categories: Organizations, United States government
Oil pulling

{{altmed}}
'''Oil pulling''' is a very, um, ''unusual'' [[folk remedy]] for [[panacea|just about everything]].<ref>No, seriously — [http://curezone.com/faq/q.asp?a=28,571,2960&q=400 "Pull the oil through the teeth often and this oil will pull all the toxins from your body through saliva"!]</ref><ref>[http://www.oilpulling.com/PULLING%20OIL_karacharticle.pdf Yes, even cancer]</ref> It involves swishing some [[oil]] (vegetable oil, not gasoline) around in your mouth for 10-15 minutes to [[detoxification|detoxify]] your body. While not usually dangerous, it has not been proven to come close to doing everything it is said to do. (Also, oil pulling for long periods (10-20 minutes) may lead to accidental inhalation of some of the oil; it can lead to lipoid pneumonia.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24429325 Recurrent lipoid pneumonia associated with oil pulling.]</ref>)

However, a study done in 2008 (a single study of 20 participants) showed that it ''does'' produce a [[statistically significant]] decrease in the amount of ''S. mutans'' bacteria, a major cause of tooth decay, in the mouth.<ref>[http://www.jisppd.com/article.asp?issn=0970-4388;year=2008;volume=26;issue=1;spage=12;epage=17;aulast=Asokan Asokan S, Rathan J, Muthu MS, Rathna PV, Emmadi P, Raghuraman, Chamundeswari. Effect of oil pulling on Streptococcus mutans count in plaque and saliva using Dentocult SM Strip mutans test: A randomized, controlled, triple-blind study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2008;26:12-7]</ref>  It doesn't have as much of an effect as mouthwash does, though.  It ''is'' effective against Mexican food, so there's that.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210802232819/https://www.thoughtco.com/make-hot-peppers-stop-burning-607444 How To Make Hot Peppers Stop Burning]</ref>

If you want to wash your mouth out to get rid of dangerous bacteria,  use some mouthwash.  It tastes much better. Swilling a shot of [[alcohol|vodka]] around your mouth and then swallowing also works and is much more rock'n'roll. Jokes aside, ethanol dehydrates mucosa lining human mouth, therefore mouthwash have much lower alcohol concentration. In the long term strong liquors are detrimental for oral hygiene. 

==External links==
*[http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/oil-pulling-your-leg/ Oil Pulling Your Leg], [[Steven Novella]]
==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|Alternative medicine}}

[[Category:Cancer woo]]

Categories: Cancer woo
Old Catholic Church

{{christianity}}
The '''Old Catholic Church''' is a [[Christianity|Christian]] [[denomination]] largely comprising [[congregation]]s which split from the [[Roman Catholic Church]] in the 1870s because they disagreed with the [[dogma]] of [[papal infallibility]] promulgated in 1870 at the First Vatican Council.<ref>
[https://archive.is/LeJcL Roman Catholic political intrigues!]</ref>

==History==
Most Old Catholic church groups trace their line of episcopal succession to the see of Utrecht, in the [[Netherlands]]; the largest Old Catholic group, the Utrecht Union, is based around this see.<ref>[http://www.tec-europe.org/partners/Utrecht_partners.htm The Episcopal Church of Europe]. Dutch Jansenism at its finest!</ref>

During the [[Middle Ages]], the [[Pope]] had granted clerics in Utrecht the right to elect their own [[bishop]]s, instead of having them appointed. During the [[Protestant]] [[Reformation]], [[Calvinism]] became the state religion in the Netherlands, the use of bishops was discontinued, and the see (by now an archdiocese) fell vacant. Eventually the [[Pope]] began appointing archbishops to Utrecht again, but they fulfilled a different role.

It was not until 1703 that the clerics actually attempted to exercise the ancient right by electing an archbishop without consulting the pope about it. The Pope, ignoring the fact that this right had been granted, promptly [[Excommunication|excommunicated]] the elected archbishop, {{wpl|Cornelius van Steenoven||,}} sparking off a [[schism]].

Subsequently, the Pope appointed a new archbishop to the See of Utrecht. However, the Dutch statesmen liked the idea of a locally elected archbishop, thinking that the Roman Catholic population in the Netherlands could be removed from the influence of the Pope by putting themselves under his jurisdiction, so they gave the elected archbishops all encouragement. The elected archbishops then became known as the "Old Catholic" bishops to distinguish them from the new line appointed by the Pope.

At the time of the {{wpl|First Vatican Council||,}} the Old Catholic See of Utrecht was still going strong, and the many congregations that broke with Rome used it as an escape hatch by putting themselves under its jurisdiction.

==Modern incarnations==
The Old Catholic Church has grown in the last few years, largely in response in the Roman Catholic Church's positions on sexuality. Pope [[Benedict XVI]]'s hardline stance on gay seminarians led to an influx of gays into the Old Catholic Church, which had grown into a more liberal sect with an international presence.<ref>William J. Tighe, [https://archive.is/zsI0M Neither Old nor Catholic]. Archived from the original at the New Oxford Review, September 1998.</ref> There are now many Old Catholic congregations in North America, and they openly support [[homosexuality]], [[same-sex marriage]], and women in the priesthood.<ref>Peggy Fletcher Stack, [https://archive.fo/X3opr 'Old Catholics' embrace new movements]. Archived from the original at USA Today, 21 May 2012.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Catholicism]]
[[Category:Organizations]]

Categories: Catholicism, Organizations
Oliver L. Reiser

{{pseudosciencenav}}
'''Oliver Leslie Reiser''' {{lived|1895|1974}} was an [[United States|American]] [[philosopher]] known for his [[pseudoscientific]] views on [[evolution]].

==Biography==
Reiser was born in Columbus, [[Ohio]] and attended Ohio State University. He later earned a B.A. in 1921, M.A. in 1922, and Ph.D. in philosophy in 1924. He was a personal friend of [[Albert Einstein]].<ref>John R. Shook, Richard T. Hull ''The Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers.'' A-C, Volume 1 2005, p. 2037</ref>

Reiser is most well known in [[humanist]] groups because of his book ''Promise of Scientific Humanism'' (1940). He also founded the International Committee on Scientific Humanism in the 1950s. Reiser had used the term "cosmic humanism", influenced by the work of Einstein to define what he termed a [[pantheist]] [[philosophy of science]].

==Evolution==
Even though Reiser was a well-respected philosopher, he also advocated some pseudoscientific views about evolution. Most of these ideas have influenced [[New age]]rs and proponents of [[quantum woo]] as well as [[2012 apocalypse|2012]] [[conspiracy theorists]].

The main belief of Reiser was that [[Geomagnetism|geomagnetic]] forces were directing evolution of species based on a very specific complex cyclical process. He also advocated the view that a "memory field" existed around the [[Earth]] which could also influence the evolution of organisms, he called this field the "psychosphere".<ref>''The Everything Guide to 2012: All You Need To Know About the Theories, Beliefs, and History Surrounding the Ancient Mayan Prophecies'' by Mark Heley (2009). Adams Media, pp. 251-252. ISBN 1605501611.</ref><ref>''The Mayan Code: Time Acceleration and Awakening the World Mind' by Barbara Hand Clow (2007), Bear & Company, pp. 114-155. ISBN 1591430704.</ref>

==Paranormal==
{{main|Paranormal}}
Reiser was also an advocate of [[psychic]] phenomena as he believed things like [[telepathy]] were real. In a paranormal book titled ''Psychic Exploration'' by [[Edgar Mitchell]] (1974),<ref>''Psychic Exploration: A Challenge for Science, Understanding the Nature and Power of Consciousness'' by Edgar D. Mitchell (2011). Cosimo Books. ISBN 1616405473.</ref> Reiser contributed a chapter titled "The Psychosphere: A Holistic View of Psychic Phenomena" where he believed his model of the "psychosphere" could explain all paranormal events.

==Religion==
{{main|Religion}}
Reiser was a [[pantheist]] and a strong critic of organised religion.<ref>[http://archive.is/OmIeQ Pantheism: The Religion of Science by Oliver L. Reiser] (archived copy from 7 Jul 2013 13:42:40 UTC)</ref>

==See also==
*[[Non-Darwinian evolution]]
*[[Cyclical theory]]

==External links==
*[http://philpapers.org/s/Oliver%20L.%20Reiser Works by Oliver L. Reiser]

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reiser, Oliver L.}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Ohio]]
[[Category:Paranormal]]
[[Category:Philosophers]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience promoters]]

Categories: Authors, Ohio, Paranormal, Philosophers, Pseudoscience promoters
Olivier Bernard

{{Skepnav|1}}
​'''Olivier Bernard''' (a.k.a. Le Pharmachien or The Pharmafist) is a 
[[Big Pharma]] [[Shill gambit|shill]]
<ref name="about">[http://www.thepharmafist.com/about-me About the Pharmafist]</ref> part-time pharmacist, part-time blogger and author/cartoonist from Montréal, [[Québec]], [[Canada]]. His books and his website both discuss about pharmaceutical [[science]] and science in general, and he attacks quite boldly all sorts of myths and [[pseudoscience]]. He also drew the best artist's impression of [[Andrew Wakefield]] [[PIDOOMA|discovering]] that [[Autism omnibus trial|vaccines cause autism]].<ref name="vaccins">[http://lepharmachien.com/vaccins ''5 opinions mal informées au sujet des vaccins'' (in French)]</ref>

​Unfortunately for lots of us, his website and his books are in French. Fortunately for lots of us, a growing part of his website is translated into English.

==​Pharma-sir, where can I find the flu busters?==
​Like many other skeptics in the medical community, Bernard denounces the exaggerated statements made by the industry.
{{expand section}}

==What's the difference between voltage and amperage?==
Bernard sometimes writes about unrelated topics, be it [[Psychiatry|mental health]],<ref name="depression">[http://lepharmachien.com/depression ''Être déprimé VS Faire une dépression'' (in French)]</ref> [[car woo]],<ref name="octane">[http://lepharmachien.com/octane ''Une histoire d’octane'' (in French)]</ref> etc., but usually does so while collaborating with an expert on such matters and giving them full credit.
{{expand section}}

==​Dude, why are you searching in my garbage?!==
​As one may expect, the comment section, almost unmoderated by Bernard, can easily get clogged with accusations of not caring about one's [[Electromagnetic hypersensitivity|made-up]], [[Lyme disease#Chronic Lyme disease|obscure]] condition, making stuff up (he does not), not giving enough references (he gives quite a lot &mdash; almost too much,{{Nofact}} and being a shill for the pharmaceutical industry (he probably is not, although he used to work for it for a few years<ref name=about />). Most comments are quite good, as most of his readers seem to prefer to think critically instead of giving up to fear and visiting [[NaturalNews|less]] [[Whale.to|credible]] [[Webshites|websites]]

==External links==
*[http://www.thepharmafist.com/ "The website in question"]
*[http://lepharmachien.com/ "Le site en question (French version)"]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|skeptics}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bernard, Oliver}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Science]]
[[Category:Blogs]]

Categories: Living people, Science, Blogs
Omnibenevolence

{{religion}}
{{cquote|This is part of the infinite goodness of [[God]], that he should allow evil to exist, and out of it produce good.<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/summa/1002.htm ''Summa Theologica'' FP Q2 A3 RO1]</ref>|4=St. [[Thomas Aquinas]]}}

'''Omnibenevolence''' refers to the doctrine of a perfect and [[moral]]ly good [[God]]. In short, God loves us and wants the best for us. 
{{quotebox|Being perfectly good must entail being good in all ways at all times and towards all other beings <ref>[http://atheism.about.com/od/whatisgod/a/omnibenevolent.htm God is Omnibenevolent?]</ref> }}
But somehow, for [[Bullshit|complicated reasons]], God [[Problem of evil|does not get round]] to stopping all of those earthquakes, [[hurricane]]s, and other natural disasters.<ref>[http://atheism.about.com/od/whatisgod/a/omnibenevolent.htm God is Omnibenevolent. What does it mean to be all-loving?]</ref> Most of the time, it is God who causes them harm, as seen in {{bible|Numbers|16|32}}, {{bible|1 Samuel|14|15}}, {{bible|Zechariah|14|5}}, {{bible|2 Samuel|22|8}}, {{bible|Isaiah|29|6}}, {{bible|Nahum|1|5}}, and {{bible|Genesis|6|17}}. Furthermore, instead of preventing [[rape]], he cares more about producing babies in the process.

In parts of the [[Bible]], God is shown as a being who is anything but  omnibenevolent, even using [[Divine command theory|moral standards derived from the Bible]]. For example, the [[Book of Job]] in the [[Old Testament]] involves God tormenting Job, despite all Job's righteousness, just to win a bet with [[Satan]].<ref>[http://scienceblogs.com/tfk/2011/03/can_an_omnipotent_deity_be_omn.php Can an Omnibenevolent Deity also be Omnipotent?]</ref> The [[Book of Revelation]] also shows a lack of omnibenevolence, as it depicts most of the world being thrown by God into a lake of fire. In fact, God is still throwing everyone who he believes doesn't deserve eternal happiness into [[Hell]]. An omnibenevolent God wouldn't ever consider inflicting eternal punishment, or any punishment for that matter, on a being he created imperfect, or on any being at all. He is supposed to be very powerful, if not [[Omnipotence|omnipotent]].

The branch of [[theology]] devoted to solving the Problem of Evil is known as [[Theodicy]] and causes even more problems when paired with [[omniscience]], [[Omnipotence]], or [[omnipresence]].<ref>[http://www.smbc-comics.com/?id=2292 SMBC's Summary]</ref> For example, if God cannot sin, can He really be called all powerful? If He has no choice but to do good, can He be said to have free will? Is it really a meaningful statement to say God is good if God is incapable of doing evil?  

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|Religion}}

[[Category:Philosophy]]
[[Category:Religious terms]]

Categories: Philosophy, Religious terms
Omnipotence (français)

{{hatnote|This is a French translation of [[Omnipotence]].}}{{crenavFR}}
[[image:ceiling cat.jpg|thumb|right| Le Chat du Plafond. Peut-être omnipotent (ou peut-être pas), mais certainement  [[omniscient]], du moins là ou l'on se [[masturbation|masturbe]].]]

{{ccitation|''Et l’Eternel fut avec Juda ; et Juda prit possession de la montagne, car il ne put déposséder les habitants de la plaine, parce qu’ils avaient des chars de fer.''|||Juges 1:19.}}

L''''Omnipotence''' est la qualité d'être « tout puissant ».

==Philosophie==

Le concept d'omnipotence joue un rôle important dans nombre d'argumentations [[philosophy|philosophiques]] et [[Logique|logiques]] pour ou contre l'existence de [[god|dieu]], incluant [[ontological argument|l'argument ontologique]], le [[paradoxe de l'omnipotence]] et le [[problem of evil|problème du mal]].

De plus, l'[[omniscience]] et l'omnipotence sont contradictoires mutuellement en le sens où une forme du paradoxe de l'omnipotence peut se construire de cette façon : « un être tout puissant peut-il poser une question à laquelle un être omniscient ne saurait répondre ? ».

==Êtres omnipotents==

Exemples d'êtres omnipotents :
*[[God|Dieu]] (Si vous croyez qu'Elle existe)
*[[Chuck Norris]]
*[[Deepak Chopra]]
*[[Père Noël|le Père Noël]]
*[[Rush Limbaugh]] (Selon lui)
*Le [[Flying Spaghetti Monster|Monstre de Spaghettis Volant]]
*[[User:Tmtoulouse|Tmtoulouse]]

==Êtres mineurs non omnipotents==
*Zeus <ref>
{{cite book
| last1 = Lang
| first1 = Andrew
| title = The Works of Andrew Lang
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=PmwbAgAAQBAJ
| series = 2
| volume = 3
| publisher = Delphi Classics
| publication-date = 2013
| isbn = 9781908909510
| access-date =2017-07-04
| quote = But there is, as usual in myth, no consistent view, and Zeus cannot be called omnipotent.
}}
</ref>(Que dirait Héra ?)
*[[Buddha|Bouddha]] 
*Popeye

==Voir aussi==
{{otherlang
|pagelang=fr
|en=Omnipotence}}

==Références==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Français]]
[[Category:Religious terms]]
[[Category:Philosophy]]
[[Category:Créationnisme]]

Categories: Français, Religious terms, Philosophy, Créationnisme
Omnitheism

{{religion}}
'''Omnitheism''' (also called Omnism)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140427112450/http://omnism.com/om/home.htm Omnism]</ref> is belief in the existence of all possible gods. [[Atheism|Atheists]] believe in no gods; [[monotheism|monotheists]] believe in one god; [[polytheism|polytheists]] believe in many but not necessarily all gods; omnitheists believe in the existence of all gods that can possibly be believed in.

Consider [[Christian gods vs. atheist gods|this list]] of gods whom [[Christians]] and atheists do not believe in. Omnitheists believe in the existence of every god on that list; yes, that includes Suzumiya Haruhi. There are also many other deities in which omnitheists believe and which that list does not include such as (presumably) the [[Flying Spaghetti Monster]] and the [[Invisible Pink Unicorn]].

By extension they (again presumably) also believe in "dead gods" - gods who now nobody else believes in - such as the [[ancient Egypt]]ian pantheon. 

It is not entirely clear that Omnitheism  really exists but according to a [[Wikipedia]] article that lacks citations people believe in Omnism which is similar.<ref>{{Wpa|Omnism}}</ref>

==The God Om==

"Om" is also one of the gods of [[Terry Pratchett]]'s Discworld, where he is heavily into the [[Judeo-Christian]] tradition of  smiting, manifestations, monotheism, churches, sermons, inquisitions and commandments.<ref>[https://wiki.lspace.org/Om Om at the Discworld wiki]</ref> His followers are called "Omnians".  Presumably Omnitheists, and Omnists,  would also be Omnians as they would also believe in Om. 

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Paradigms of religion]]

Categories: Paradigms of religion