Manhattan Institute

{{bronze}}[[File:Manhattan Institute logo.svg|thumb|right|165px|Manhattan Institute logo]]
{{uspolitics}}
The '''Manhattan Institute for Public Policy Research''' is a [[neoconservative]] [[think tank]] founded in 1978 by neoconservative [[William Casey]], later to become [[Reagan]]'s [[CIA]] director, and UK [[libertarian]] Antony Fisher. Economic analyses by the Institute tend towards the [[Austrian school]] of libertarianism, particularly those of [[Friedrich Hayek]].<ref>[https://manhattan.institute/hayek-book-prize-and-lecture Hayek Book Prize and Lecture] ''Manhattan Institute''.</ref> [[David Frum]], who coined the [[Axis of Evil]] term, came to the [[George W. Bush|Bush]] administration from the Manhattan Institute in 2001. Several neocon icons such as [[William Kristol]] are on their board of trustees.

In 2013, a research paper characterized (with an analysis period of 2003–2010) the Manhattan Institute as one prominent institution opposed to action against [[climate change]].<ref name="Brulle2013">{{Cite journal |last=Brulle |first=Robert J. |date=2013-12-21 |title=Institutionalizing delay: foundation funding and the creation of U.S. climate change counter-movement organizations |url=https://drexel.edu/~/media/Files/now/pdfs/Institutionalizing%20Delay%20-%20Climatic%20Change.ashx|journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=122 |issue=4 |pages=681–694 |doi=10.1007/s10584-013-1018-7 |issn=1573-1480}}</ref> The Institute has published the quarterly magazine '''''City Journal''''' since 1990.<ref>[http://www.city-journal.org ''City Journal'']</ref>

The Manhattan Institute's ''City Journal'' have published [[transphobic]] articles authored by [[Christopher F. Rufo]], Kay S. Hymowitz, [[SEGM|Colin Wright]] and others.<ref>[https://www.city-journal.org/article/soldiers-for-the-gender-revolution Soldiers for the Gender Revolution]. city-journal.org. accessed 15 July 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.city-journal.org/article/transgender-ideology-and-the-corruption-of-medicine Thrown to the Wolves]. city-journal.org. accessed 15 July 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.city-journal.org/article/the-gender-variant-universe The “Gender-Variant Universe”]. city-journal.org. accessed 15 July 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.city-journal.org/article/the-transgender-childrens-crusade The Transgender Children’s Crusade]. city-journal.org. accessed 15 July 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.city-journal.org/article/understanding-the-sex-binary Understanding the Sex Binary]. city-journal.org. accessed 15 July 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.city-journal.org/article/are-there-more-than-two-sexes Are There More Than Two Sexes?]. city-journal.org. accessed 15 July 2023.</ref> ''City Journal'' is obsessed with criticizing "[[Alt-right glossary#Woke|wokeness]]".<ref>[https://www.city-journal.org/article/wokeness-the-highest-stage-of-managerialism Wokeness, the Highest Stage of Managerialism]. city-journal.org. accessed 15 July 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.city-journal.org/multimedia/medicine-goes-woke Medicine Goes Woke]. city-journal.org. accessed 15 July 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.city-journal.org/article/why-woke-organizations-all-sound-the-same Why Woke Organizations All Sound the Same]. city-journal.org. accessed 15 July 2023.</ref>

==Conservative crankery==
Fellow George L. Kelling introduced the [[broken windows theory]] of policing along with James Q. Wilson (of the [[American Enterprise Institute]]) in 1982.<ref name=kelling>[https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1982/03/broken-windows/304465/ Broken Windows: The police and neighborhood safety] by George L. Kelling & James Q. Wilson (March 1982) ''The Atlantic''.</ref> [[Rudy Giuliani]] received considerable backing from the Institute during his failed 1989 campaign for [[New York City]] mayor as well as his successful campaign in 1993 when he used the broken windows theory as part of his campaign.<ref>''Policy Transfer and Criminal Justice: Exploring US Influence over British Crime Control Policy'' by Trevor Jones (2007) Open University Press. ISBN 0335216684.</ref>{{rp|121}}

George Gilder, a Program Director for the Manhattan Institute, and also a co-founder of the [[Discovery Institute]],<ref>[https://www.discovery.org/p/gilder/ Wealth and Poverty] George Gilder, ''Discovery Institute''.</ref> has been a promoter of [[pseudoscientific]] [[supply-side economics]] and the associated [[Laffer curve]]. He wrote the 1981 supply-side book ''Wealth and Poverty''<ref>''Wealth and Poverty'' by George F. Gilder (1981) Basic Books. ISBN 0465091059.</ref> that was considered the "Bible" for the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan administration]]'s economic policies.<ref>''Visions of Poverty: Welfare Policy and Political Imagination'' by Robert Asen (2001) Michigan State University Press. ISBN 0870138871.</ref>{{rp|76}}

In 1994, a Manhattan Institute scholar named {{wpl|Betsy McCaughey}} (under the name Elizabeth McCaughey) wrote a scathing critique of [[Bill Clinton]]'s {{wpl|Clinton health care plan of 1993|health care plan}} in ''{{wpl|The New Republic}}'' magazine. The article claimed that Clinton had proposed a system that would lock people into government-run care, and raised fears that jail time would result for violating this. This "factoid" was immediately picked up and reprinted by conservative commentators like [[George Will]]. Some commentators feel that this article was a major reason why the plan failed to pass Congress.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/05/health/policy/05mccaughey.html "Resurfacing, a Critic Stirs Up Debate Over Health Care"] by Jim Rutenberg, New York Times, 2009 September 4</ref><ref name="atlmisinf">[https://cdn.theatlantic.com/media/archives/1995/01/275-1/132669044.pdf "A Triumph of Misinformation"] by James Fallows, The Atlantic, January 1995</ref> In January 1995, {{wpl|James Fallows}} wrote a scathing report in ''The Atlantic'' regarding the failure of this health care plan, and specifically addressed the large amount of disinformation about it. Among many other points, he pointed out that McCaughey's article was complete and utter [[bullshit]].<ref name="atlmisinf"/> 

The Manhattan Institute was a favorite source used by [[Dubya]]'s team during his [[2000 U.S. Presidential Election|2000 presidential campaign]]. Many of Bush's proposals floated during the 2000 presidential debates came from the Manhattan Institute.<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-the-manhattan-institute-new-york-city Remarks to the Manhattan Institute in New York City] (November 13, 2008) ''The American Presidency Project, UC Santa Barbara''.</ref><ref>''Political Agendas for Education'' by Joel Spring (2002) Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0805839844.</ref>{{rp|4,29-35}}

During the first [[Trump]] administration of 2017-2020, the Institute was oddly silent about the [[plutocracy|crony capitalism]] that drove the administration's policies,<ref>[https://www.marketwatch.com/story/trump-has-corrupted-american-free-enterprise-with-his-own-brand-of-crony-capitalism-11603369457 Trump has corrupted American free enterprise with his own brand of crony capitalism] by Anne O. Krueger (Oct 21, 2020) ''Market Watch''.</ref><ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-crony-capitalism-luigi-zingales-12-2018 An economist who predicted Trump's rise as early as 2011 explains how he's changing the face of American capitalism forever] by Will Martin (Dec 9, 2018, 5:27 AM PST) ''Business Insider''.</ref> something anathema to the Institute's [[free market]] values.<ref>[https://www.adamsmithsociety.com/ ''The Adam Smith Society''] — a project of the Manhattan Institute.</ref> Longtime ''City Journal'' writer Sol Stern was dismayed by both Trump's election and the unexplained [[censorship]] of any writing critical of Trump within ''City Journal''.<ref name=stern>[https://democracyjournal.org/arguments/think-tank-in-the-tank/ Think Tank in the Tank: I spent two decades writing for City Journal, and I cherished it and the Manhattan Institute’s independence. Then came the Trump era.] by Sol Stern (July 7, 2020, 1:24 pm) ''Democracy Journal''.</ref> Stern surmised that the censorship was due to the Institute's chair, Paul Singer, changing from anti-Trump to becoming a major donor to Trump ($1 million just to the inauguration), as well as Institute trustee Rebekah Mercer also becoming a late Trump supporter and donating $450,000 to him.<ref name=stern/>

===Denialism===
{{main|Denialism}}
Anti-[[tobacco]] activists have documented that the Manhattan Institute received funding from [[tobacco]] companies from the 1990s until at least 2015, and had consistently supported campaigns that supported tobacco industry stances. The Manhattan Institute even hosted a meeting on [[pseudoscience|junk tobacco science]] organized by {{wpl|Philip Morris International}} in 1995.<ref>[https://tobaccotactics.org/article/think-tanks/ "Tobacco Tactics: Think Tanks"], tobaccotactics.org, University of Bath, 2022 November 8</ref>

Fellow members from the Manhattan Institute have been criticized for spreading [[bullshit|misinformation]] about [[climate change]] and shilling for the [[fossil fuels]] industry. In March 2018, the Manhattan Institute published a paper by Oren Cass called "Overheated: How Flawed Analyses Overestimate the Costs of Climate Change".<ref name="overheated">[https://media4.manhattan-institute.org/sites/default/files/R-OC-0318.pdf "Overheated: How Flawed Analyses Overestimate the Costs of Climate Change"] by Oren Cass, Manhattan Institute, March 2018</ref> Cass, whose climate science "qualifications" include a prior career as a management consultant and a policy director of [[Mitt Romney]]'s [[2012 United States presidential election|presidential campaign]], asserted that "temperature studies do not offer useful predictions of the future costs of projected human-caused climate change". He justified this position using undocumented assertions about Americans migrating to warmer climates in the [[southern US]], and insisted that people will adapt to a warmer climate using air conditioning.<ref name="overheated"/> This was seen as a laughable argument (which over-focused on rich individuals that could afford to adapt) by outlets that reported on climate change news and misinformation.<ref>[https://www.desmog.com/2018/03/14/wall-street-journal-cass-oren-manhattan-institute-climate-scenarios-heat/ "The Manhattan Institute's Joke of a Wall Street Journal Op-Ed"] by Justin Mikulka, Desmog, 2018 March 14</ref> In September 20 2020, a senior fellow named Mark P. Mills<ref>[https://manhattan.institute/person/mark-p-mills Mark P. Mills,] profile page, Manhattan Institute</ref> posted a video to [[PragerU]] that complained about purported problems with [[renewable energy|wind and solar energy]]. In March 2021, these arguments that Mills made in this video were lambasted in an article by the senior science editor of ''{{wpl|Ars Technica}}'' at the time (Jon Timmer) as "pure nonsense", along with a detailed point-by-point explanation as to why it was such.<ref>[https://arstechnica.com/science/2021/03/is-there-a-shift-from-disbelieving-climate-change-to-attacking-renewables/ "Pure nonsense: Debunking the latest attack on renewable energy"] by John Timmer, Ars Technica, 2021 March 1</ref> {{wpl|Robert Bryce (writer)|Robert Bryce|,}} who was a senior fellow with the Manhattan Institute from 2010 to 2019, wrote several articles during this period attacking wind energy with wildly exaggerated claims,<ref>[https://www.livescience.com/41644-wind-energy-threat-to-birds-overblown.html "The Wind Energy Threat to Birds Is Overblown (Op-Ed)"] by Elliott Negin, Livescience, 2013 December 3</ref> and also contributed several other anti-clean energy op-eds to many newspapers.<ref>[https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2012/12/manhattan-institute-climate-energy-bryce/ "Major News Outlets Give Fossil-Fuel-Funded Think Tanks a Free Platform"] by Kate Sheppard, Mother Jones, 2012 December 13</ref> According to ''{{wpl|The Intercept||,}}'' the fossil fuels giant {{wpl|ExxonMobil}} contributed nearly a million dollars to the Manhattan Institute between 2008 and 2018.<ref>[https://theintercept.com/2019/09/06/exxon-mobil-progressive-policy-institute-climate/ "Exxon Mobil is Funding Centrist Democratic Think Tank, Disclosures Reveal"] by Kate Aronoff, Intercept, 2019 September 6</ref>

''{{wpl|DeSmog}}'' has noted that senior fellows of the Manhattan Institute are global-warming deniers, notably Robert Bryce: 

{{quotebox|Manhattan Institute Senior Fellow Robert Bryce regularly authors op-eds for mainstream and conservative publications advocating against renewable energy while promoting fossil fuel use. With reference to climate change, Bryce has said: “I don’t know who’s right. And I don’t really care.” In a Wall Street Journal op-ed titled “Five Truths About Climate Change,” Bryce claimed that the “science is not settled, not by a long shot.”<ref>https://www.desmog.com/manhattan-institute-policy-research/</ref>}}

==Christopher Rufo==
{{main|Christopher Rufo}}
[[File:Chris Rufo 2022.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Rufo in 2022 from a video interview with [[Reason (magazine)|''Reason TV'']]]]
{{cquote|"If conservatives want to protect the American way of life, they must be willing to [[Argumentum ad baculum|lay siege to the institutions,]] and reorient them according to their own values. Whatever the odds, it’s never too late for counterrevolution in our time."|||Christopher Rufo<ref>[https://www.mediamatters.org/critical-race-theory/anti-civil-rights-activist-chris-rufo-what-nixon-did-black-panther-party-next "Anti-civil rights activist Chris Rufo: “What Nixon did to the Black Panther Party, the next president must do to the violent factions of our time”"] by Media Matters, 2023 August 14</ref>}}
One of the more prominent members of the Manhattan Institute is Christopher Rufo {{lived|1984}}. Rufo is an anti-[[LGBT]] [[culture war]]rior,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ebner |first=Julia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GT29EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT111 |title=Going Mainstream: How extremists are taking over |date=2023-06-22 |publisher=Bonnier Books UK |isbn=978-1-80418-314-4 |pages=~111 |language=en |quote=In 2022, the new 'Don't Say Gay' legislation in Florida caused a major controversy in the US. It started with the conservative American activist Christopher Rufo initiating a large campaign to punish Disney for releasing its new animated series ''The Proud Family: Louder and Prouder''. The series introduced a pair of homosexual dads, featuring voice-overs by LGBTQ actors, as well as recurring queer character Michael Collins. After Rufo claimed that ''The Proud Family'' was grooming children with radical sexual propaganda and helping advance a 'gay agenda', waves of anti-LGBTQ campaigns kicked off.}}</ref><ref>Adrian Horton (October 17, 2022). [https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/oct/17/john-oliver-last-week-tonight-recap-trans-rights "John Oliver: 'Some on the right have truly lost their minds about trans rights'"]. ''The Guardian''. Quote: "Rufo has suggested branding the discussion of trans issues as 'radical gender theory', and tweeted that [[drag queen]]s should be referred to as 'trans strippers' because it’s more 'lurid' and has a 'sexual connotation' – part of the conservative strategy of linking transgender issues with sexual predation or social contagion."</ref><ref>Trip Gabriel (April 24, 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231222151613/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/24/us/politics/christopher-rufo-crt-lgbtq-florida.html "He Fuels the Right's Cultural Fires (and Spreads Them to Florida)"]. ''The New York Times''.</ref><ref>Paul Matzko (July 21, 2023). [https://reason.com/2023/07/21/how-chris-rufo-became-the-thing-he-hates/ "How Chris Rufo Became the Thing He Hates"]. ''Reason''.</ref> and senior fellow of the Manhattan Institute. He is also an [[intelligent design]] advocate and former director of the [[Discovery Institute]]’s Center on Wealth & Poverty.<ref>[https://www.discovery.org/p/rufo/ Christopher Rufo]. discovery.org. accessed 15 July 2023.</ref><ref name="Profile">[https://manhattan.institute/person/christopher-f-rufo "Christopher F. Rufo"], Manhattan Institute, personal profile.</ref> He has [[Credentialism|falsely claimed to have a degree from Harvard University]], when he has only a degree from the open-enrollment Harvard Extension School.<ref>[https://newrepublic.com/article/170647/christopher-rufo-harvard-degree-misleading Christopher Rufo Claims a Degree from “Harvard.” Umm … Not Quite: The activist who is now a leading education policy figure on the right actually matriculated at Harvard Extension School. There’s a difference.] by Daniel Strauss (February 17, 2023) ''The New Republic''.</ref>

==Playing both sides==
According to Brian Doherty, in ''Radicals for Capitalism'', the rule of thumb around the Manhattan Institute is don't ever use the "[[libertarian]]" label around here because it will alienate [[conservative]] supporters.<ref>''Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement'' by Brian Doherty (2007) PublicAffairs. {{isbn|1586483501}}.</ref> Yet despite this and their [[neoconservative]] orientation they keep a foot in the libertarian camp as well, mainly through work with the network of ''[[laissez-faire]]'' think tanks funded by [[Koch Industries]].

On [[immigration]]: one of the leading voices in support of a "path to citizenship," Tamar Jacoby, and one of the leading voices ''against'' same, [[Heather Mac Donald]], are both from the Manhattan Institute.

Likewise, they play both sides on [[environmentalism]], where they eschew the overt denialism in favor of some truly wonky think tank work. The Manhattan Institute sponsored two books by Peter Huber, ''Hard Green''<ref>''Hard Green: Saving The Environment From The Environmentalists: A Conservative Manifesto'' by Peter Huber (1999) Basic Books. {{isbn|0465031129}}.</ref> and ''The Bottomless Well''.<ref>''The Bottomless Well: The Twilight of Fuel, the Virtue of Waste, and Why We Will Never Run Out of Energy'' by Peter W. Huber & Mark P. Mills (2006) Basic Books. {{isbn|046503117X}}.</ref> The former book proposed that conservatives adopt a partially pro-environment position by claiming the mantle of [[Theodore Roosevelt]] while opposing the [[Gore's Law|"soft" environmentalism of Al Gore]]. The latter book is a slick but confusing snow job on [[energy]]&nbsp;— essentially trying to make a case that waste is a virtue and that [[Not even wrong|more energy wasted leads to greater energy independence]]&nbsp;— with such chapters as "Saving the Planet with [[Coal]] and [[Uranium]]" and numerous charts and graphs which would be a field day for someone to deconstruct.

They even court [[Democratic Party|Democrats]]; [[linguistics|linguist]] {{wpl|John McWhorter}} is their go-to guy for [[tokenism|token]] criticisms of [[affirmative action]] and the non-existent [[Cloward-Piven strategy]]. McWhorter loves using [[anecdotal evidence]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/books/00/11/26/reviews/001126.26dentlt.html Spelling Trouble: The black middle class, a scholar says, is threatening black progress.] by David J. Dent (November 26, 2000) ''The New York Times''. A book review of ''Losing the Race: Self-Sabotage in Black America'' by John McWhorter (2001) The Free Press. {{isbn|0060935936}}.</ref>

All in all, Manhattan Institute is a confusing and often contradictory think tank, but perhaps symptomatic of the contradictory makeup of American conservatism. It's no wonder that Bush and Giuliani liked them.

==''City Journal''==
Contributors to this include:
*[[Victor Davis Hanson]] (classics scholar)
*Kay Hymowitz (anti-[[feminist]])
*Andrew Klavan (also with [[Pajamas Media]])
*[[Heather Mac Donald]] (conservative [[atheist]] and [[Ferguson effect]] "researcher")
*[[Andy Ngo]] ([[anti-feminist]] and [[Islamophobe]])
*Walter Olson<ref>[https://www.city-journal.org/person/walter-olson "Walter Olson"]. ''City Journal''.</ref> (a member of Steve Sailer's "[[Human biodiversity|Human Biodiversity]] Discussion Group",<ref>Steve Sailer (July 20, 1999). [https://web.archive.org/web/20030710022759/http://members.aol.com:80/steveslr/roster.htm "Roster of Human Biodiversity Discussion Group Members"]. AOL.</ref> part of his wider "{{wpl|Human Biodiversity Institute||")}}
*Christopher Rufo ([[transphobic]] activist)
*John Tierney (journalist and [[anti-environmentalist]])
*Nicholas Wade (author of ''{{wpl|A Troublesome Inheritance||,}}'' was also influential in promoting the COVID [[lab leak theory]])
*Colin Wright (transphobic activist activist)

==External links==
*[https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Manhattan_Institute_for_Policy_Research Manhattan Institute for Policy Research]&nbsp;— SourceWatch, The Center for Media and Democracy
*[https://manhattan.institute/ Manhattan Institute]

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Austrian school]]
[[Category:Conservative deceit]]
[[Category:Denialist organizations]]
[[Category:Kochsphere]]
[[Category:Magazines]]
[[Category:Neoconservatism]]
[[Category:New York]]
[[Category:Pissed at us]]
[[Category:Racism]]
[[Category:Think tanks]]
[[Category:Transphobia]]
[[Category:Trumpism]]

Categories: Austrian school, Conservative deceit, Denialist organizations, Kochsphere, Magazines, Neoconservatism, New York, Pissed at us, Racism, Think tanks, Transphobia, Trumpism