Images of Jesus

{{bronze}}
[[File:Good shepherd 02b close.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Perhaps not what you were expecting: Good Shepherd Catacomb of Priscilla, 3<sup>rd</sup> century, portraying Jesus as a nondescript shepherd ({{bible|John|10|1|2}})]]
{{christianity}}
'''Images of Jesus''' have historically been broadly different. This is because no one knows what [[Jesus]] actually looked like, and the [[Bible]] is both [[vague]] and [[Biblical contradictions|contradictory]] in this matter: "He had no beauty or majesty to attract us to him." ([[NIV]] translation)<ref>[https://biblehub.com/isaiah/53-2.htm Isaiah 53:2] ''Bible Hub''.</ref> {{bible|Isaiah|53|2}}, and "Thou art fairer [i.e., in the sense of more beautiful] than the children of men" {{bible|Psalm|45|2}} ([[KJV]] translation).<ref name=house>[https://theconversation.com/the-long-history-of-how-jesus-came-to-resemble-a-white-european-142130 The long history of how Jesus came to resemble a white European] by Anna Swartwood House (July 17, 2020 8.19am EDT) ''The Conversation''.</ref> All-too-conveniently filling in this gap, a  detailed description of Jesus comes from a [[medieval]] document of suspicious origins known as the Letter of Lentulus; the letter was alleged to have been written by an otherwise unknown prefect, Publius Lentulus, in Judea at the time of Jesus.<ref name=lentulus>{{wpa|Letter of Lentulus}}</ref>

The first images of Jesus appeared in the 1<sup>st</sup> through 3<sup>rd</sup> centuries CE, but were not intended to capture his likeness because of concerns about [[idolatry]].<ref name=house/> Later images tended to be believed as ''acheiropoietos'' (an "image not made by human hands"),<ref name=house/> perhaps they were actually graffiti or they just forgot who painted them.

==White Jesus==
[[File:White Jesus.jpg|thumb|left|165px|Sallman's "Head of Christ"]]
'''White Jesus''' is the artistic portrayal of Jesus as white, or more specifically of [[European]] appearance. This is both an old and a modern concept.

Starting with the European [[Renaissance]], European artists began painting more realistic portraits in general, and of Jesus in particular. European painters tended to paint images based on what they saw, and what they saw were mostly — but not entirely<ref>[http://www.themedievalacademyblog.org/medievalists-respond-to-charlottesville/ Medievalists Respond to Charlottesville] (August 18, 2017) ''The Medieval Academy Blog''.</ref> — people of European descent. The Renaissance also marked the beginning of artists painting themselves as Jesus, starting with Albrecht Dürer,<ref name=house/> and why not? [[God]] created man in his own image ({{bible|Genesis|1|27}}) — why not return the favor? Though the depictions of Jesus in Europe were mostly of a white Jesus, there was no single archetype of Jesus, though there were some commonalities, such as a beard and long hair.<ref name=house/> To see how different depictions of Jesus could be for that time, just compare Dürer's painting and that of da Messina ("Christ Crowned with Thorns"). [[Antisemitism]] had become widespread in Europe during the Middle Ages, and consequently there began a trend by artists to make Jesus look more European and less Middle Eastern.<ref name=house/> European [[colonialism]] spread around the world and went hand-in-hand with Christian [[missionaries]], thus propagating white Jesus images far beyond Europe.<ref name=blum>''The Color of Christ: The Son of God and the Saga of Race in America'' by Edward J. Blum & Paul Harvey (2012) University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 1469618842.</ref>{{rp|30-37}}

The medieval Letter of Lentulus is now generally considered a forgery,<ref name=lentulus/><ref name=blum/>{{rp|150}} but has nonetheless at various times been used as justification for a [[Nordic]] Jesus.<ref name=blum/>{{rp|163}}
{{cquote|He is a man of medium size (''statura procerus'', ''mediocris et spectabilis''); he has a venerable aspect, and his beholders can both fear and love him. His hair is of the colour of the ripe hazel-nut, straight down to the ears, but below the ears wavy and curled, with a bluish and bright reflection, flowing over his shoulders. It is parted in two on the top of the head, after the pattern of the Nazarenes. His brow is smooth and very cheerful with a face without wrinkle or spot, embellished by a slightly reddish complexion. His nose and mouth are faultless. His beard is abundant, of the colour of his hair, not long, but divided at the chin. His aspect is simple and mature, his [[eyes]] are changeable and bright.|||Extract from one English translation of the Letter of Lentulus<ref name=catholicencyclopedia>[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Publius_Lentulus Publius Lentulus] (1913) ''Catholic Encyclopedia''.</ref>}}
Lentulus was claimed to have been the governor (i.e., prefect) of Judea before [[Pontius Pilate]], but there was no such governor,<ref>{{wpa|Roman administration of Judaea (AD 6–135)}}</ref> nor any such person with that name from Judea in historical records.<ref name=catholicencyclopedia/>

In the [[British]] American colonies, and the United States, it was rare to find representations of Jesus among [[Protestants]] into the earliest part 19<sup>th</sup> century; this was due to lingering [[Puritan]] influences. As immigration to the United States increased though the 19<sup>th</sup> century, so did new religious ideas. [[Joseph Smith]] was one of the first to explicitly describe Jesus as white when he revised the description of his 1832 visionary experience in the mid-1840s, revising the description of Jesus as 'light' to Jesus as 'white'.<ref name=blum/>{{rp|76-77}} Smith's ''[[Book of Mormon]]'' from the 1830s also rather ham-fistedly jammed Jesus' presence into the Americas, creating a racist tall tale of Native Americans as a [[Ten Lost Tribes|Lost Tribe of Israel]] (Lamanites) who were extra-biblically punished by God with dark skin, a sort of [[Mormonism|Latter Day]] [[Mark of Cain]].<ref name=blum/>{{rp|85}}

The nascent Mormons were not alone in the US in describing Jesus as white, as many Protestant sects began churning out proselytizing pamphlets with engraved images of Jesus, starting in 1816 with the American Bible Society.<ref name=blum/>{{rp|80}}

Although African American Christians were accepting of the presented White Jesus for most of the 1800s, their vision of Him was different than that of the pro-[[slavery]] advocates such as Reverend {{wpl|William Meade||.}} Meade preached that Jesus never counseled "pride, discontent or rebellion", and Meade hoped to instill the feeling "that the poorest and most oppressed condition upon earth is too good for such sinful beings as we all are."<ref name=blum/>{{rp|94-95}} African Americans instead were more likely to view Jesus as a servant of servants, as someone oppressed like themselves, or even as a [[trickster]].<ref name=blum/>{{rp|95-100}}

Riding off the popularity of D. W. Griffith's films, the [[white supremacist]] ''[[The Birth of a Nation]]'' (1915) and the [[antisemitic]] (holding [[Jews]] responsible for Jesus' [[crucifixion]]) ''Intolerance'' (1916), in the 1920s the [[Ku Klux Klan]] resurrected itself with a "Nordic and [[Xenophobia|nativist]]" Jesus to support its [[racist]] [[ideology]].<ref name=blum/>{{rp|142-143}}

Racist [[Madison Grant]] with his 1916 book ''The Passing of the Great Race'' was responsible for instigating [[Nordic]]ification of Jesus by proclaiming that Jesus was not Jewish based in large part on the Lentulus Letter, which [[Willful ignorance|he had known was a forgery]].<ref name=blum/>{{rp|163}} Like the [[Shroud of Turin]], people will keep believing what they want to believe even in the face of contrary evidence.

In the modern concept, White Jesus was a [[marketing]] scheme based on Warner Sallman's {{lived|1892|1968}} archetypal "Head of Christ" (1940), which has [[Argumentum ad populum|sold more than half a billion copies]].<ref name=millions>[https://www.warnersallman.com/collection/images/head-of-christ/ Head of Christ] ''The Warner Sallman Collection''.</ref> Sallman's images are owned by his church (Church of God in Anderson, Indiana, which is part of the [[holiness movement]]<ref>{{wpa|Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)}}</ref>) and the affiliated Anderson University.<ref>[https://www.warnersallman.com/about/ About] ''The Warner Sallman Collection''.</ref> Art critic DeWitt Jayne of Wheaton College{{efn|Wheaton College is an [[evangelical]] Christian college.<ref>[https://recollections.wheaton.edu/2012/03/a-brush-with-reality/ A Brush with Reality] by Lynette Hoppe (March 26, 2012) ''ReCollections''.</ref><ref>{{wpa|Wheaton College (Illinois)}}</ref>}} noted in 1943 that the image was derived from {{wpl|Léon Augustin Lhermitte|Lhermitte's}} ''Friend of the Humble'' but that "Sallman didn't even have the draftsmanship to make a good copy of it."<ref name=lundbom>''Master Painter: Warner E. Sallman'' by Jack R. Lundbom (2015) Wipf & Stock Publishers. ISBN 1498223419.</ref>{{rp|149-150}} Other criticisms of the painting, which Sallman himself engaged in, were whether the painting was sufficiently or excessively 'manly' ({{wpl|muscular Christianity}}).<ref name=lundbom/>{{rp|161}} The [[irony]] of an American Protestant sect bragging about selling half a billion copies of White Jesus<ref name=millions/> is twofold: first the early Protestants in America were often explicitly opposed to depictions of Jesus, believing that it violated the [[Ten Commandments]] (idolatry).<ref name=blum/>{{rp|40}} Second, the idea of profiting off of this idolatry is rather unseemly, to say the least.

<gallery>
File:Alexorig.jpg|The {{wpl|Alexamenos graffito||,}} believed to be the earliest known depiction of the [[crucifixion]] at c. 200 CE. It is anti-Christian [[blasphemous]] graffiti depicting Jesus as a donkey-headed man.<ref>[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/gladiators/graffito.html Alexamenos ''Graffito''] by James Grout, ''Encyclopaedia Romana, University of Chicago''.</ref>
File:Evangeliarium - évangéliaire dit de Charlemagne ou de Godescalc - Jésus-Christ - BNF Gallica.jpg|"Christ in Majesty", from the ''Evangeliarium of Charlemagne'' (781-783)
File:Christos Acheiropoietos.jpg|An ''acheiropoietos'' image, c. 1100 [[Russia]]
File:Christ Crowned with Thorns MET DT285189.jpg|"Christ Crowned with Thorns" by Antonello da Messina (between 1450 and 1479)
File:Albrecht Dürer - 1500 self-portrait (High resolution and detail).jpg|Albrecht Dürer's self-portrait (1500)
File:Friend of the Humble (Supper at Emmaus). 1892. Léon-Augustin L'hermitte.jpg|"Friend of the Humble (Supper at Emmaus)" by Léon Augustin Lhermitte (1892)
File:Inspira-Clock.jpg|"Head of Christ" Tchotchkes
File:2108-young-arrestthisman.jpg|A [[socialist]] satiric view of Jesus by {{wpl|Art Young}} (1921)
File:2021 storming of the United States Capitol DSC09170 (50826699171).jpg|White Jesus [[QAnon]] [[MAGA]] at the [[2021 U.S. Capitol riot]]{{efn|WikiMedia blurred out the image of MAGA Jesus within the photo for copyright reasons. The original image can be found at the Uncivil Religion website.<ref>[https://uncivilreligion.org/home/index Uncivil Religion: January 6, 2021] ''Uncivil Religion''</ref>}}
</gallery>

==Black Jesus==
[[File:Henry Ossawa Tanner - The Savior - 1983.95.191 - Smithsonian American Art Museum.jpg|thumb|right|165px|"Savior" (c. 1905) by Henry Ossawa Tanner]]
{{cquote|Would they still pray if Christ was black?|||Joe Nelson<ref name=jeter/>{{rp|1}}}}
The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church was founded in the 4<sup>th</sup> century,<ref>{{wpa|Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church}}</ref> so images of Black Jesus have probably existed for about as long as those of White Jesus.

Modern visual reinterpretations of the image of Jesus as an [[African American]] started appearing within the {{wpl|Harlem Renaissance}} (1918-1930s),<ref name=blum/>{{rp|183,219,222}} but literary reinterpretations of Jesus' ethnicity preceded this:<ref name=blum/>{{rp|105,150-153}}
*''An Indian's Looking-Glass for the White Man'' by {{wpl|William Apess}} (1833)<ref>[https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/indians-looking-glass-white-man An Indian's Looking-Glass for the White Man] by Arnold Krupat, ''Encyclopedia.com''.</ref> — a chapter written by a Pequot Indian that likened the Jews of Jesus' time to Native Americans, and stated, "Christ as Jew is recalled as a man of color."<ref>[https://archive.org/details/experiencesoffiv00apes/page/50/mode/2up?q=glass "An Indian's Looking-Glass for the White Man"] by William Apes (1833) In: ''The Experiences of five Christian Indians, of the Pequod Tribe'' James B. Dow. pp. 51-60.</ref>
*''Pactolus Prime'' by Albion Tourgée (1890)<ref>[https://archive.org/details/pactolusprime00touriala/page/n9/mode/2up ''Pactolus Prime''] by Albion Tourgée (1890) Cassell.</ref>
*''Jesus Christ had Negro blood in his Veins'' by W. L. Hunter (1901) — a Bible-based genealogy that proclaimed "Jesus Christ came nearer being a black man than a white man, or a tleast a very dark man."<ref>[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=emu.010000426699&view=1up&seq=5 ''Jesus Christ had Negro blood in his Veins: The Wonder of the Twentieth Century''] by W. L. Hunter (1901) Nolan Bro's Print.</ref>{{rp|15-16}}
*''The Souls of Black Folk'' (1903) by [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] — Du Bois described Jesus as "a dark and pierced Jew".<ref>[https://archive.org/details/cu31924024920492/page/n7/mode/2up ''The Souls of Black Folk''] by W. E. Burghardt Du Bois (1903) A. C. McClurg & Co.</ref>{{rp|227}}

Also preceding the Harlem Renaissance, artist {{wpl|Henry Ossawa Tanner}} was influenced by his friend Du Bois' book ''The Souls of Black Folk'', and began painting Jesus with dark skin: ''The Resurrection of Lazarus'' (1897), ''Christ and Nicodemus on a Rooftop'' (1899), and ''Savior'' (c. 1905).<ref name=blum/>{{rp|152-153}}

===The Civil Rights Era and beyond===
[[File:Black Jesus Detroit.jpg|thumb|right|165px|"Sacred Heart of Jesus" statue at Sacred Heart Major Seminary]]
In 1963, four Klansmen bombed the 16<sup>th</sup> Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, [[Alabama]], killing four innocent girls, injuring between 14 and 22 people, and blowing out all of the stained glass windows except for that of a white Jesus whose face was blown out.<ref name=blum/>{{rp|216}} The bombing shocked the nation, but it also gave African Americans a direct reason to question the iconography of a white Jesus in African American churches.<ref name=blum/>{{rp|216-217}} [[Welsh]] children quickly raised funds to replace the damaged windows, including one that included a stained glass Black Jesus.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-12692760 Alabama church bombing victims honoured by Welsh window] by Neil Prior (10 March 2011) ''BBC News''.</ref>

The 23-28 July {{wpl|1967 Detroit riot||'s}} origins were deep-seated anger in the African American community against housing [[segregation]], racist [[Police|policing]], high levels of unemployment and [[poverty]], widespread [[discrimination]], and underfunding of [[public education]]. During the riot, three (or one) anonymous African American men were observed painting black the face, hands and feet of the white marble "Sacred Heart of Jesus" statue at Sacred Heart Major Seminary in Detroit.<ref name=gallio>[https://mosaic.shms.edu/an-enduring-icon An Enduring Icon: Conceived as an expression of traditional piety. Transformed by urban unrest into a sign of controversy. Sacred Heart's "Black Jesus" has evolved into a symbol of unity and peace for the city of Detroit and beyond.] by Daniel Gallio (Dec 15, 2017) ''Mosaic''.</ref> The one man who later took credit for painting the statue black was a house painter at the time named Joe Nelson.<ref name=jeter>"A Coat of Pride: Painter Left His Mark on Seminary's Statue" by Jon Jeter (July 23, 1992) ''Detroit Free Press''.</ref>{{rp|1,7A}}<ref name=gallio/>

Later in the year, three anonymous white men (suspected to be members of a militant [[white nationalist]] group known as Breakthrough) painted the statue white again.<ref name=gallio/><ref>"Detroit's White Backlash: The Enemy Known as 'They'" by Andrew Mollison (September 28, 1967) ''Detroit Free Press''.</ref>{{rp|3A,8A}} Shortly afterwards, the seminary decided to permanently maintain the statue painted black so as not to allow "Jesus to become a 'painting pawn.'"<ref name=gallio/> Daniel Gallio of the seminary said of the statue, "It's really the only positive symbol of a very difficult time. It's become an icon of multiracial harmony."<ref>[https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/religion/2017/07/21/black-jesus-statue-landmark/103908276/ Black Jesus statue one of most iconic '67 landmarks] by Nicquel Terry (Published 10:01 p.m. ET Jul. 21, 2017; Updated 11:21 p.m. ET Jul. 21, 20170 ''Detroit News''.</ref> The statue became known locally and nationally as "Black Jesus".<ref name=gallio/>

Black Jesus figures frequently appeared during the 1970s and 1980s, but the images were different than those that appeared during the Harlem Renaissance.<ref name=blum/>{{rp|243}} The images of the Harlem Renaissance tended to be that of the crucified Christ, making the analogy to [[lynching]] victims.<ref name=blum/>{{rp|243}} The post-1960s Black Jesus on the other hand tended to be an African-looking uplifting figure.<ref name=blum/>{{rp|243}} Black Jesus started making appearances in pop culture, including [[rap music]],<ref name=blum/>{{rp|243}} a 2006 film titled ''Color of the Cross'',<ref name=blum/>{{rp|244-245}}<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0760160/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 Color of the Cross (2006)] ''IMDb''.</ref> and a TV series, ''Black Jesus'' that takes place in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3589872/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 Black Jesus] ''IMDb''.</ref>

<gallery>
File:Iyesus (Ethiopia).jpg|[[Ethiopia]]n Jesus in the 17<sup>th</sup> or 18<sup>th</sup> century
File:Jesus_and_Nicodemus,_1899,_by_Henry_Ossawa_Tanner.jpg|''Nicodemus Visiting Christ'' (1899) by African-American artist Henry Ossawa Tanner
File:Three Marys.jpg|William H. Johnson's ''Jesus and Three Marys'' (1939)
File:Ruizanglada_-_Cristo_Negro_180x150_1995_A-L_-_Catalogo_1995_Palacio_de_Sastago_Zaragoza.jpg|''Cristo Negro'' by the [[Spain|Spanish]] artist Ruizanglada {{lived|1929|2001}}
File:PortAuPrinceMural.jpg|Depiction of the [[baptism]] of Jesus, modern-day [[Haiti]]
File:Black Jesus with Ben Carson.jpg|The portrait of Black Jesus with [[Ben Carson]] that appears in Carson's home<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/gallery/2015/nov/07/ben-carson-house-homage-to-himself-in-pictures Ben Carson's house: a homage to himself – in pictures] (7 Nov 2015 10.00 EST) ''The Guardian''.</ref>
File:Black Jesus TV.jpg|Gerald "Slink" Johnson (of ''[[Grand Theft Auto|Grand Theft Auto V]]'' fame) portraying Black Jesus in the {{wpl|Black Jesus (TV series)|eponymous TV series}}
File:Ethiopian Jesus.jpg|Contemporary Ethiopian folk art (The Last Supper)
</gallery>

===Black Hebrew Israelites===
The [[Black Hebrew Israelites]] obviously believe that 
Jesus
 Yahawashi was black. Their main evidence involves a literal reading of {{bible|Revelation|1|15}} <ref>[https://www.adl.org/resources/backgrounders/extremist-sects-within-the-black-hebrew-israelite-movement Extremist Sects Within the Black Hebrew Israelite Movement] (08.07.2020) ''Anti-Defamation League''.</ref>

===''Cristo Negro''===
Images of Black Christ (''Cristo Negro'') spread throughout [[Mexico]] and Central America. These do not specifically reference the idea of an African Jesus, but rather tend to be worshiped by people with indigenous ancestry.<ref name=wp>{{wpa|Cristos Negros of Central America and Mexico}}</ref> The most famous of these is ''Cristo Negro de Esquipulas'' in Guatemala.<ref name=wp/> The ''Cristo Negro de Ímuris'' in Mexico became widely popular, but then went under a suppression campaign by both Catholic and Protestant church authorities.<ref name=blum/>{{rp|88}}
<gallery>
File:SanctuaryBlackChristOtatitlan11.JPG|''Cristo Negro de Otatitlán'' (Mexico)
File:Esquipulas.JPG|''Cristo Negro de Esquipulas'' (Guatemala)
File:Cristo_Negro_(Black_Christ)_-_Iglesia_de_San_Felipe_(01).jpg|''Cristo Negro'' in the Church of San Felipe, Portobelo, [[Panama]]
File:2021_Santa_Marta_(Colombia)_-_El_Cristo_Negro_de_la_iglesia_de_San_Francisco.jpg|''Cristo Negro'' in the Church of San Francisco, Santa Marta, [[Colombia]]
</gallery>

==Jesus in Asia==
<gallery>
File:Jesus Image on a Manichaean Temple Banner.jpg|[[Manichaeism|Manichaean]] Jesus, 10<sup>th</sup> century
File:Jesus as a Manichaean Prophet, 13th century.jpg|Jesus as a Manichaean [[prophet]], 13<sup>th</sup> century
File:Holy Family India.jpg|The Holy Family, [[India]] (c. 1620s)
File:Jesus and the rich young man.jpg|Jesus and the rich man ({{bible|Mark|10|17|31}}) — China (1879) 
File:ChineseJesus.jpg|Jesus in a detail from a 1930s Chinese painting of the Wedding at Cana ({{bible|John|2|1|11}})
</gallery>

==The enshrimpification of Jesus==
With the advent of publicly-accessible [[AI]] image generators such as DALL-E, bizarre AI-altered images of Jesus have turned out to be profitable modes for generating profits from commercial [[clickbait]] on [[Facebook]], especially "shrimp Jesus".<ref>[https://www.404media.co/facebooks-algorithm-is-boosting-ai-spam-that-links-to-ai-generated-ad-laden-click-farms/ Facebook’s Algorithm Is Boosting AI Spam That Links to AI-Generated, Ad-Laden Click Farms] by Jason Koebler (Mar 19, 2024 at 9:19 AM) ''404 Media''.</ref> Many of these appear to be based on&nbsp;— at least vaguely&nbsp;— the White Jesus images.
<gallery>
Shrimp Jesus.jpeg|AI-generated image of Shrimp Jesus
Mega shrimp Jesus.jpg|Another AI-generated image of Shrimp Jesus
Helicopter Jesus.jpg|Helicopter Jesus walking on His followers, and/or flying in the air with jet assist
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Classical antiquity#Whiteness]]
*[[Mary (mother of Jesus)]]
*[[Religious pareidolia]] - Images of Jesus that aren't really there

==External links==
*[https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/otm/segments/where-did-white-jesus-come-on-the-media  Where Did 'White Jesus' Come From?] by Eloise Blondiau (October 2, 2020) ''On The Media''.
*[https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/10/arts/design/jesus-christ-image-easter.html Searching for a Jesus Who Looks More Like Me: A writer’s Easter pilgrimage, from Jordan to Jamaica, to find a multiethnic image of Christ.] by Eric V. Copage (April 10, 2020) ''The New York Times''.
*[https://www.factsandarts.com/index.php/essays/tear-them-down-white-jesus-statues-have-unsavory-history-aryan-racial-theory-also-influenced Tear them down? “White Jesus” statues have an Unsavory History in Aryan Racial Theory that also Influenced Nazi Theology] by Juan Cole (June 27<sup>th</sup> 2020) ''Facts & Arts''
*[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/96773499.pdf The Fascist Jesus:  Ernest Renan's ''Vie de Jésus''                                             and the Theological Origins of Fascism] by Ralph E. Lentz II (2014) Wales Trinity Saint David Master's Thesis
*{{wpl|Ecce Homo (García Martínez and Giménez)|''Ecce Homo'' (García Martínez and Giménez)}} — the painting by García Martínez of White Jesus that was given a botched amateurish restoration by Cecilia Giménez, earning it the nickname "Monkey Christ"<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/dec/30/cecilia-gimenez-monkey-christ-mural-dies-spain Cecilia Giménez, famed for ‘Monkey Christ’ mural mishap, dies at 94] by Stephen Burgen (30 Dec 2025 10.22 EST) ''The Guardian''.</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Artificial intelligence]]
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Jesus]]
[[Category:Jesus-related hoaxes]]
[[Category:Race]]
[[Category:Racism]]

Categories: Artificial intelligence, Christianity, Jesus, Jesus-related hoaxes, Race, Racism