Alfred Russel Wallace

[[File:ARWallace.jpg|thumb|165px|right|Note the beard.]]{{evolution}}
'''Alfred Russel Wallace''' {{lived|1823|1913}} was the co-discoverer of the [[theory of evolution]] by [[natural selection]].  Not that you would know it by the way the likes of [[Ann Coulter]] and [[Michael Behe]] talk.

==Natural selection==
Wallace co-discovered [[natural selection]] because he wrote an essay about it on the spur of the moment while suffering from [[malaria]] (that must have been some good malaria).  In 1858, he sent his essay to [[Charles Darwin]], who realized that Wallace had come up with the same theory of [[evolution]] that he had spent 20 years working on.  Not wanting to be [[scoop]]ed, Darwin arranged to have both Wallace's paper and some of his own writing presented at a meeting of the Linnean Society without Wallace's permission.<ref>[http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/wallace/BIOG.htm Alfred Russel Wallace: A Capsule Biography]</ref>

Wallace didn't publish as extensively on natural selection as Darwin did, but he published other things as well.  For example, Wallace was in the Malay Archipelago (what is now [[Indonesia]]) when he came up with natural selection, dashed off an essay that would ensure his place in [[history]], and then went back to exploring the region. Wallace's work in the region led to his identification of what [[Thomas Henry Huxley]] would later call the {{wpl|Wallace Line}}, after him.

Wallace wouldn't return to the subject until 1864. Later he expressed doubts about whether human [[intelligence]] could be the result of natural selection.  He also became a [[spiritualism |spiritualist]] in the late 1860s.

Wallace was a good sport about it all, though, and even published a book defending Darwin.

===Differences===
Although Darwin and Wallace had a similar idea of natural selection, key differences remained. Darwin emphasized individual competition and the "struggle for life" as the main selective factor involved in evolution, while Wallace emphasized environmental pressures instead.<ref>
{{cite book|last= Bowler|first= Peter J.|author2= Iwan Rhys Morus |title= Making Modern Science|publisher= The University of Chicago Press|year= 2005|isbn= 0-226-06861-7}}
</ref>

==Other pursuits==
Wallace also foresaw the dangers that deforestation would wrought if not brought to heel, writing that extensive deforestation could degrade the soil of countries like [[India]] and impact the population therein by contributing to famines and greater natural disasters.<ref>{{cite book | last = Slotten | first = Ross A.| title = The Heretic in Darwin's Court: the life of Alfred Russel Wallace | publisher = Columbia University Press | location = New York | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-231-13010-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zeNOFryZZ5cC}}</ref>

==Later in life==
Wallace would become one of [[England]]'s most well known [[naturalist]]s. He wrote a wide variety of works and wide variety of topics, and toured the [[United States]] lecturing. He died at the age of 90 in 1913.

==References==
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[[Category:History of science]]
[[Category:Biologists]]
[[Category:Evolution]]

Categories: History of science, Biologists, Evolution