Fahrenheit 451

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[[File:Fahrenheit451HUNcover.jpg|right|thumb|170px|Front cover of a Hungarian translation.]]{{Books}}
{{cquote|Coloured people don't like Little Black Sambo. Burn it. White people don't feel good about [[Uncle Tom|Uncle Tom's Cabin]]. Burn it. Someone's written a book on [[Tobacco smoking|tobacco]] and [[cancer]] of the lungs? The cigarette people are weeping? Burn the book.||| Captain Beatty, fire chief in ''Fahrenheit 451''}}

'''''Fahrenheit 451''''' is a [[dystopia]]n novel by the [[United States|American]] [[author]] Ray Bradbury. It is set in a not-so-distant future where everything potentially offensive is outlawed and people are hopelessly narcissistic. In this world, firemen do not put out fires, but start them, [[Book burning|burning books]] and the houses where the books are hidden. One fireman, Guy Montag, is an enthusiastic servant of the system until events push him to [[Cognitive dissonance|question his beliefs]]. The name originates from the fact that book paper spontaneously catches fire at around 451 degrees Fahrenheit, and it's snappier than ''Celsius 233''.

Written in 1953, it was meant as a critique of American pop culture, which Bradbury saw as [[anti-intellectualism|anti-intellectual]] and dangerously hedonistic. Bradbury's vision took this to an extreme, creating a world where the general population had come to believe that anything intellectually challenging was more trouble than it was worth, and thus anything even remotely controversial was to be destroyed.

==Cause of censorship==
{{main|Censorship}}
In the book, the censorship originated from "minorities". Not ethnic minorities per se, mind you, just any and every tiny group of people who felt that not only should they never be offended, no one should ever be allowed to read the offensive parts. [[Cat]] lovers didn't want any bad depictions of cats in literature, so anything that showed cats in less than perfect light were removed. White people didn't like their depiction in ''Uncle Tom's Cabin'', so that got removed as well. Anyone with any sort of agenda would complain, and it was removed, until absolutely nothing was left except for instruction manuals and [[porn]]. Of course, we learned from this and we'd never be so foolish as to self-censor because some group of people claim a right never to be offe… [[South Park#Muhammad censorship controversy|OH DAMMIT WE DID DIDN'T WE?!]]

==Different interpretations==
Later readers have generally seen the book to be a [[cautionary tale]] against any form of censorship against unpopular ideas, of which Bradbury's original scenario of censorship by [[mobocracy|mob rule]] is only one of the more insidious forms. Bradbury himself asserted that the novel is about the dangers of television.<ref name="tv">[http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/article/CA6450954.html Ray Bradbury: Fahrenheit 451 is about How TV Destroys Literature], School Library Journal.</ref>

==Adaptations==
The book has been adapted into various formats including:
*A 1966 film directed by François Truffaut, starring Oskar Werner and Julie Christie.
*A 1982 radio play by the [[BBC]].
*A 1984 computer text adventure game.
*A 2009 graphic novel.
*Two plays (The first in 2006 by the Godlight Theatre Company, the second in 2008 by the American Place Theatre).
*A 2018 TV movie adaptation directed by Ramin Bahrani, and starring Michael B. Jordan as Guy Montag and Michael Shannon as Captain Beatty aired on HBO on May 19, 2018.

==Irony==
{{main|Irony}}
{{cquote|[Professor Loomis] banned "Fahrenheit 451," which is about banning books!|||Jed Bartlet, ''The West Wing''<ref>https://communicationsoffice.tripod.com/2-22.txt</ref>}}
*Several printings of the book have been censored<ref name="Villanova">[http://newsletter.library.villanova.edu/147 The Mutilation and Rebirth of a Classic: Fahrenheit 451], Figures.</ref> and even burned (lol).<ref>https://theconversation.com/how-the-apartheid-regime-burnt-books-in-their-tens-of-thousands-102355</ref>
*Ray Bradbury, after condemning television as a medium, actually had his own television show, and won the Emmy (an award for excellence in television) multiple times.<ref name="Irony">[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001969/ Ray Bradbury], IMDB profile.</ref>
*The names of two characters in the story, Montag and Faber, are also the names of manufacturers of (respectively) paper and pencils. Bradbury insisted this was not intentional.
*An HTTP status code, "451", denoting that a website or webpage is "unavailable for legal reasons", has been proposed,<ref>http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2012/06/14/_451_error_honoring_ray_bradbury_while_alerting_users_about_governments_blocking_websites_.html</ref> despite Bradbury's criticism of the Internet as being "distracting", "meaningless", and "not real".<ref>http://mashable.com/2012/06/06/ray-bradbury-technology-ebooks/#cP2V1azVGOqq</ref>

==See also==
{{div col|2}}
*[[Anthony Comstock]]
*[[Anti-intellectualism]]
*''[[Anti-intellectualism in American Life]]''
*[[Authoritarianism]]
*[[Aldous Huxley#Brave New World|''Brave New World'']]
*[[Bread and circuses]]
*[[Burning the evidence]]
*[[Censorship]]
*[[Conservative correctness]]
*[[Consumerism]]
*[[Dystopia]]
*[[Joseph McCarthy]]
*[[Mao Zedong#The Cultural Annihilation Revolution|Cultural]] [[Communist glossary#Cultural revolution|Revolution]]
*[[Nazism]]
*''[[George Orwell#''Nineteen Eighty-Four''|Nineteen Eighty-Four]]''
*[[Political correctness]]
*[[Pornography]]
*[[Red-baiting]]
*[[Security theater]]
*''[[The Handmaid's Tale]]''
*[[Totalitarianism]]
*[[Sex worker-exclusionary radical feminism]]
*[[Uncle Tom]]
{{div col end}}

==External links==
*[[Special:Booksources/978-0-7432-4722-1|ISBN 978-0-7432-4722-1]]
*[http://academicearth.org/electives/tldr-fahrenheit-451/ TL;DR ''Fahrenheit 451'']
*[https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Literature/Fahrenheit451 ''Fahrenheit 451''] on [[TV Tropes]]
*[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0060390/ ''Fahrenheit 451'' (1966)] and [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0360556/ ''Fahrenheit 451'' (2018)] on IMDb

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Anti-intellectualism]]
[[Category:Books]]
[[Category:Censorship]]
[[Category:Science fiction]]
[[Category:Totalitarianism]]

Categories: Anti-intellectualism, Books, Censorship, Science fiction, Totalitarianism