Curse of Ham

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[[File:Noah-Curses-Ham.jpg|thumb|right|165px|"Noah Curses Ham and Canaan" by Gustave Doré]]
{{Biblenav}}{{hatnote|Not to be confused with the [[Kosher|religious practice of not eating pork]], or [[Ken Ham|the creationist]].}}
The '''Curse of Ham''' (also known as '''Noah's Curse''' or the '''Noachid Curse''') refers to an incident in the [[Bible]], in the book of [[Genesis]], regarding [[Noah]] (after the [[Great Flood]]) and his sons, Shem, Japheth, and Ham.

==Quoting the good book==
Here is the text from Genesis, {{bible|Genesis|9|20|27}}:

{{quotebox|
:'''20''' [[Noah]], a man of the soil, proceeded to plant a vineyard.
:'''21''' When he drank some of its [[wine]], he became drunk and lay uncovered inside his tent.{{efn|And despite all this the Bible says Noah was a virtuous man ({{bible|Genesis|6|9}}, {{bible|Genesis|7|1}})!}}
:'''22''' Ham, the father of [[Canaan]], saw his father's [[naked]]ness and told his two brothers outside.
:'''23''' But Shem and Japheth took a garment and laid it across their shoulders; then they walked in backward and covered their father's nakedness. Their faces were turned the other way so that they would not see their father's nakedness.
:'''24''' When Noah awoke from his wine and found out what his youngest son had done to him,
:'''25''' he said, "Cursed be Canaan! The lowest of slaves will he be to his brothers."
:'''26''' He also said, "Blessed be the LORD, the [[God]] of Shem! May Canaan be the [[slave]] of Shem.
:'''27''' May God extend the territory of Japheth; may Japheth live in the tents of Shem, and may Canaan be his slave."{{efn|{{bible|Genesis|9|20|27}}, translation is the New International Version.}}}}

Some Biblical scholars believe this [[anecdote]] was added to the scriptures as a [[rationalisation]] justifying the [[Israelite]] conquest and enslavement of the Canaanites later in the [[Old Testament]]. Ironically, one of Ham's grandsons, [[Nimrod]], becomes the world's first Empire-builder, starting with the Tower of Babel, which undermines the curse in terms of Africans since Nimrod's father was Cush.

==Interpretations==
===Racist===
{{main|Racism}}
{{cquote|That the act of manumission confers no other right but that of [[freedom]] from the dominion of the master, and the limited liberty of locomotion; that it does not and cannot confer citizenship, nor any of the powers, civil or political, incident to citizenship; that the social and civil degradation, resulting from the taint of blood, adheres to the descendants of Ham in this country, like the poisoned {{wpl|tunic of Nessus||…}}|||Georgia Supreme Court Justice Joseph Henry Lumpkin in 1853, mixing [[mythologies]] while arguing that freed [[African American]]s had no rights other than 'freedom' because of the Bible<ref>[https://cite.case.law/ga/14/185/ Bryan v. Walton, 14 Ga. 185 (1853) Aug. 1853 · Supreme Court of Georgia · No. 28, 14 Ga. 185] ''Caselaw Access Project, Harvard Law School''.</ref>.<ref>''Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents'' by Isabel Wilkerson (2020) Random House. {{isbn|0593230256}}.</ref>{{rp|122}}}}
The Canaanites, descended from Ham via his son Canaan, have historically been regarded as the ethnic ancestors of the black peoples of [[Africa]]. Although Genesis does not identify Ham's skin colour, some ancient Jewish writings, including part of the [[Talmud]], state that either Ham or Canaan had his faced "blackened" by God as part of curse, in punishment for Ham seeing Noah's nakedness and not covering him, or, in some variations, for [[copulating]] while aboard the [[Ark]].

This idea became more widespread in [[Europe]] during [[colonialism]], as an argument for the inferiority of the black race, whose dark skin was believed to be an outward sign of the curse, and to sanction some instances of slavery. The belief was at its most popular during the 18<sup>th</sup> and 19<sup>th</sup> centuries, to justify the Atlantic slave trade and plantation slavery in the British [[sugar]] islands and [[Confederate States of America|American South]].<ref>Robin Blackburn, ''The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1482-1800''. Verso, 2010. {{isbn|9781844676316}}. Pp. 210, 247, 259, 312, 329, 585.</ref> Noah's decree that Canaan should be the slave of Shem was seen as God's command that Africans should be the slaves to white [[Christians]].

Although overwhelmingly discredited and largely forgotten, racial arguments based on the Curse of Ham are still clung to by some [[white supremacists]], including blogger [[Alan O'Reilly]] and some members of [[Stormfront]]. During 2008, various ultra-[[conservative]] and [[racist]] blogs and websites invoked the Curse of Ham as an argument against [[Barack Obama]]'s campaign for the [[President of the United States|United States Presidency]].<ref>[https://nomancancurseyou.blogspot.com/2008/10/barack-obama-and-curse-of-ham.html Barack Obama and the Curse of Ham] - No Man Can Curse You</ref> Apparently white supremacists can't think any better than the Bronze Age herders who wrote that part of the Bible; nor do they see the [[irony]] in using a [[Jewish]] text to justify their racism.

===Rationalist===
The fully functioning [[rational]] [[mind]] raises a few questions about the Curse:

*Why weren't any of Ham's other sons (Cush, Mizraim, or Phut) cursed as well as Canaan? {{bible|Genesis|10|6}})
*Why was Canaan being punished for Ham's misdeeds, when [[Deuteronomy]] and [[Ezekiel]] clearly state that children should not be punished for parents' misdeeds?{{efn|{{bible|Deuteronomy|24|16}}, {{bible|Ezekiel|18|20}}. Note that these counter {{bible|Deuteronomy|5|9}} and some other Old Testament extracts which stipulate that God punishes "children for the [[sin]] of the fathers to the third and fourth generations". Some have interpreted this as indicating God's hatred of entire families or races descended from sinners.}}{{efn|It has been suggested that the Bible relates a bowdlerized version of a story in which [[Incest|Ham impregnates Noah's wife]] and the offspring of this union was Canaan.}}{{efn|[[Examples of God personally killing people|Or not]]. [[Divine command theory|God is above the rules]]. See {{Bible|2 Samuel|12|10|18}} and {{Bible|1 Kings|14|10|18}}.}}
*Shem and Japheth acted as equal partners in covering their father, but Japheth's reward is far greater.
*The whole idea that every black person in the world is permanently cursed because some far-distant and mythical ancestor saw his father drunk and naked, aside from being appallingly racist, just doesn't make a whole lot of sense at all.
*Why punish Ham and Canaan at all for Ham accidentally getting an eyeful of wrinkly old man parts? It can be fairly certain that [[Exhibitionism and voyeurism|getting a gander at his father's rattle-and-flute]] was the furthest thing from his mind that day.

==See also==
*[[Ken Ham|Another ham-related curse]]
*[[Mark of Cain]]
*[[Slavery in the Bible]]
*[[Serpent seed doctrine]]

==External links==
*[http://www.thebricktestament.com/genesis/noahs_insobriety/gn09_18-19.html The Brick Testament] account of Noah's insobriety and the Curse of Ham
*{{wpa|Curse of Ham}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

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[[Category:Bible]]
[[Category:Old Testament]]
[[Category:Racism]]
[[Category:Christian mythology]]

Categories: Bible, Old Testament, Racism, Christian mythology