William Lane Craig

{{gold}}
[[File:Williamlanecraig.jpg|thumb|upright|165px|[[Credentialism|Dr.]] Craig in 2005]]
{{Christianity}}
{{cquote|The way in which I know [[Christianity]] is true is first and foremost on the basis of the [[Woo|witness]] of the [[Holy Spirit]] in my [[Emotional appeal|heart]]. And [[Argument by assertion|this gives]] me a [[Begging the question|self-authenticating means]] of [[Other ways of knowing|knowing]] Christianity is true [[Unfalsifiable|wholly apart from]] the evidence. And therefore, even if [[Hand wave|in some historically contingent circumstances]] [[Absence of evidence|the evidence]] [[Escape hatch|that I have available to me]] should turn against Christianity, I do not think that this controverts the [[Bullshit|witness]] of the Holy Spirit.|||[[Credentialism|Dr.]] William Lane Craig, "[[Christian apologetics|professional philosopher]]"<ref name=DealingWithDoubt>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-fDyPU3wlQ&feature=youtu.be ''Dealing with Doubt''] (Nov 18, 2007) ''YouTube''. In this (in)famous interview "professional philosopher" Craig also claims that the [[Satan|Devil]] is real and responsible for instilling doubt about the truth of Christianity and explains to his fellow believers how to deal with such doubts. Basically, the faithful should trust their private experience of the Holy Spirit and, eventually, evidence will turn up to vindicate their religious beliefs.</ref>}}
'''Dr. William Lane Craig''' (WLC) {{lived|1949}} is an [[United States|American]] [[Christian apologetics|Christian apologist]], philosopher, and [[theology|theologian]]. He received a Bachelor of Arts in Communications from the [[evangelical|evangelical protestant]] Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois, a ''summa cum laude'' Master of Divinity from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in Deerfield, Illinois, a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Birmingham (England), and a Ph.D. in Theology from the University of Munich.<ref>[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/documents/CV.pdf Curriculum Vitae] by William Lane Craig, ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref> Craig claims that religious [[faith]] must be [[Propaganda|spread]] through [[Public relations|appeals to]] [[Reasoning|reason]] and [[logic]] or else [[atheism]] will triumph.<ref name="GINDY">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080708033017/http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2008/july/13.22.html?start=5 God Is Not Dead Yet] by William Lane Craig (July 3, 2008) Christianity Today''.</ref> However, this is more about crafting a more effective [[Shyster|"sales pitch"]] than any real commitment to reason, since Craig is essentially willing to abandon reason if it provides the "wrong" answers (i.e. those [[Cognitive dissonance|incompatible]] with Craig's [[religious]] [[dogma]]):
{{cquote|I think [[Martin Luther]] correctly distinguished between what he called the magisterial and ministerial uses of reason. The magisterial use of reason occurs when reason stands over and above the [[gospel]] like a magistrate and judges it on the basis of argument and evidence. The ministerial use of reason occurs when reason submits to and serves the gospel… Should a conflict arise between the witness of the Holy Spirit to the fundamental truth of the Christian faith and beliefs based on argument and evidence, then it is the former which must take precedence over the latter.|||William Lane Craig, ''Reasonable Faith'' (1994), p. 36 as quoted in Chris Hallquist's review.<ref name=ReasonableHallq>Chris Hallquist's [http://infidels.org/library/modern/chris_hallquist/faith.html review] of William Lane Craig's ''Reasonable Faith'' (1994) on [[Internet Infidels]]</ref>}}

Craig has authored numerous books on subjects including [[cosmology]], [[philosophy of science]], [[theology]], the Christian [[church]], [[Christian apologetics]], [[metaphysics]] and [[epistemology]], and [[history]]. However, all of Craig's work has a tendency to be fodder for his apologetics; for instance, his work on philosophy of time seems to consist of little more than trying to promote A-theory of time because that's required to get his [[Argument from first cause|cosmological argument]] to work. Indeed, promoting the Kalām and attempting to use it as proof for the existence of God is what Craig is best known for. His work is heavily dependent on the perspective of [[Alvin Plantinga#Some arguments for and about God|reformed epistemology]], which suffers from the same problems and weaknesses as [[Presuppositionalism|presuppositional apologetics]], namely engaging in a [[Circular logic|circular]] argument that's depending entirely on the ''[[a priori]]'' [[Argument by assertion|unwarranted assumption]] that God (specifically the [[YHVH|Abrahamic one]], not an entity totally unrelated or even several of them) exists&nbsp;— something that's not alleviated by simply claiming that God's existence is [[axiom]]atic.

==Profession==
[[File:University of Birmingham - Aston Webb.jpg|thumb|right|325px|Main campus buildings of the University of Birmingham, pictured in 2005.]]
Craig will enthusiastically tell anyone who cares to listen that he's a "professional philosopher", while rarely playing up his Ph.D. in theology, so it's important to consider his 1979 Ph.D. in philosophy: Craig specifically chose<ref name="Double Doctorates">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120818081242/http://www.reasonablefaith.org/double-doctorates Double Doctorates] by William Lane Craig, ''Reasonable Faith'' (archived from August 18, 2012).</ref> as a supervisor John Hick, who was a former evangelical who had mellowed with age, but more importantly was a professor '''of theology''' at the University of Birmingham. Hick is perhaps best known for his part in the writing of ''The Myth of God Incarnate'',<ref>''The Myth of God Incarnate'' by John Hick (1977) Hymns Ancient & Modern. ISBN 0334010659.</ref> a book which evangelicals such as Craig profoundly disagree with.<ref>[http://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/activity/philosophyofreligion/about/index.aspx About us] ''Birmingham Centre for Philosophy of Religion, University of Birmingham''.</ref> Craig himself described the object of his Ph.D. research as being to ''"develop a cosmological argument for God's existence"''.<ref name="Double Doctorates"/> Note that the underlying ''a priori'' premise is that God is already presumed to exist and that the philosophical argument is simply invoked to affirm this [[Blind faith|assumption]] (i.e. what the rest of us call apologetics). Craig's philosophy doctoral thesis was in fact about theology (hence [[philosophy of religion]]), the cosmological argument.<ref>[https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.509333 ''The Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God, Historical and Critical Analyses''] by William Lane Craig (1977) University of Birmingham.</ref>

Similar to his penchant for [[credentialism]], Craig will play up his status as a professional academic and therefore it's interesting to see which [[Fundie school|academic establishments]] he has chosen to work at. Craig has been a Research Professor of Philosophy at Talbot School of Theology at [[Biola University]] since 1996 and a Visiting Professor of Philosophy at Wheaton College since 2003. In 2014 Craig also became Professor of Philosophy at Houston Baptist University, which employs [[Lee Strobel]] as "Professor of Christian Thought", thus inadvertently [[pwn]]ing both its own academic and employment standards and the state of said Christian thought processes in general.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160313081428/http://www.hbu.edu/Choosing-HBU/Academics/Colleges-Schools/School-of-Christian-Thought/Departments/Department-of-Apologetics/Faculty/Lee-Strobel.aspxLee Strobel, MS] ''Houston Baptist "University'' (archived from March 13, 2016).</ref>

Biola University includes this "Doctrinal Statement":
{{cquote|The [[Bible]], consisting of all the books of the [[Old Testament|Old]] and [[New Testament]]s,{{efn|According to some conveniently defined canon or other.}} is the Word of God, a [[supernatural]]ly given revelation from God Himself, concerning Himself, His being, nature, character, will and purposes; and concerning man, his nature, need and duty and destiny. [[Biblical literalism|The Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are without error or misstatement]] in their [[moral]] and spiritual teaching and record of historical facts. They are without error or defect of any kind.<ref>[http://www.biola.edu/about/doctrinal-statement/ Biola University’s Theological Positions] ''Biola University''.</ref>}}

As for Wheaton College, its "Statement of Faith and Educational Purpose" proclaims:
{{cquote|WE BELIEVE that God has revealed Himself and His truth in the created order, in the Scriptures, and supremely in [[Jesus Christ]]; and that the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are verbally inspired by God and inerrant in the original writing,{{efn|Cue huge [[escape hatch]] as we do not have and are not likely to ever get this ''"original writing"'', meaning that the literalist can always claim that any and all errors in our extant bibles were not present in these mythical original scriptures.}} so that they are fully trustworthy and of supreme and final authority in all they say.<ref>[http://www.wheaton.edu/About-Wheaton/Statement-of-Faith-and-Educational-Purpose Statement of Faith and Educational Purpose] ''Wheaton College''.</ref>}}

Houston Baptist University describes its "Mission and Values" as:
{{cquote|Founded under the providence of God and with the conviction that there is a need for a university in this community that will train the minds, develop the moral character and enrich the spiritual lives of all people who may come within the ambit of its influence, HOUSTON BAPTIST UNIVERSITY shall stand as a witness for Jesus Christ expressed directly through its administration, faculty and students. To assure the perpetuation of these basic concepts of its founders, it is resolved that all those who become associated with Houston Baptist University as a trustee, officer, member of the faculty or of the staff, and who perform work connected with the educational activities of the University, must believe in the divine inspiration of the Bible, both the Old Testament and New Testament, that man was directly created by God, the [[virgin birth]] of Jesus Christ, our Lord and Savior, as the Son of God, that He died for the sins of all men and thereafter [[Resurrection of Jesus|arose from the grave]], that by repentance and the acceptance of and belief in Him, by the grace of God, the individual is saved from eternal damnation and receives eternal life in the presence of God; and it is further resolved that the ultimate teachings in this University shall never be inconsistent with the above principles.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200928015504/https://hbu.edu/about-hbu/the-ten-pillars/preface/ Preface] ''Houston Baptist "University'' (archived from September 28, 2020).</ref>}}

All three of these statements would be an embarrassment to any legitimate academic institution. They represent the very [[Academic Freedom Act|antithesis]] of what an academic institution should represent: namely the promotion of free inquiry, discovery, understanding and learning.

The mere fact that Craig has associated himself with these three institutions, and ''only'' these three institutions, reveals a lot. This is especially clear when he openly admits that he will dismiss any and all evidence that doesn't jive with his faith because he believes Christianity is true due to the "[[Holy Spirit]]" in his "heart".<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q78ahkiMtFk The Witless of the Holy Spirit (Jul 9, 2013) ''YouTube''. TheMessianicManic highlighting Craig's bad faith in not actually being willing to accept contravening evidence.</ref>

==Craig's debates and his 4 (or 5) arguments for God's/god's existence==
[[File:Craig Seminar 1.jpg|thumb|right|435px|Craig teaches a seminar at Johnson Ferry Baptist Church on "The Coherence of Theism".]]
All of Craig's philosophy is intimately tied to his apologetics to the extent that his philosophical work simply serves as "ammunition" for his apologetics, an M.O. that can be spotted as early as his Ph.D. thesis in philosophy. Similarly, because his Kalām cosmological argument doesn't work under {{wpl|B-theory of time||,}} Craig began to write on the philosophy of time and promoting the A-theory while in effect [[Anti-relativity|denying Einsteinian relativity]] in favor of what Craig calls a {{wpl|Lorentz ether theory|"Neo-Lorentzian interpretation"|.}} Unless [[Preaching to the choir|speaking to a very devoutly Christian audience]], Craig will mostly follow an [[Intelligent Design]]-[[cdesign proponentsists|like]] [[Milk before meat|approach]] of not explicitly [[Goddidit|invoking God]] as the justification for his [[Special pleading|selective]] [[Ad hoc|use]] of science, but any observant reader/listener with a minimum of background knowledge of Craig or the topics he discusses will quickly be able to spot the [[Loaded language|various]] {{wpl|nudge nudge}} [[Code words|elements]].

What Craig is actually known for is his debates. He spends weeks or even months preparing, including having research assistants pore over his opponents’ writings, because, as he himself put it, "I believe that debate is the forum for sharing the gospel on college campuses", showing that for Craig, the debates are really about preaching, not dialogue.<ref>[http://chronicle.com/article/The-New-Theist/140019/ The New Theist: How William Lane Craig became Christian Philosophy's Boldest Apostle] by Nathan Schneider (July 1, 2013) ''The Chronicle of Higher Education''.</ref> On his own website he has transcripts going back to 1991<ref>[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/debate-transcripts Debate transcripts] ''Reasonable Faith'.</ref> and what is most remarkable is how many of them are verbatim recycling earlier scripts. Craig doesn't actually incorporate any of the excellent counterpoints and rebuttals he has received over the decades into his next debates beyond perhaps adding more name-dropping to his barrage of quotes. Basically, the overwhelming number of Craig's debates fall into two categories:
#"The Big Show" is Craig's large buffet of arguments for God's/god's{{efn|Craig ''absolutely loves'' to equivocate on this capitalization of 'god'.}} existence, typically under the heading of ''Does God Exist?''<ref group=note>Again, note that because of capitalization conventions it's unclear whether it's about "God's" or "god's" existence.</ref> or some variant thereof. This is where Craig presents his 5 arguments for God's/god's existence, using a script which, thanks to his website's archive of old transcripts, seems to date largely from the mid-1990s.
#"The Little Show" is simply an expansion on one of Craig's 5 arguments from "The Big Show", specifically his claim that [[Jesus]]' [[resurrection]] was a [[Evidence for the historical existence of Jesus Christ|real historical event]], which, in "The Big Show", is used as an argument for [[YHWH|God's]] existence, whereas in "The Little Show", [[Circular argument|God's existence is used to explain the resurrection]].

Craig's debates on God's existence, i.e. "The Big Show", are his claim to fame and he has obligingly stuck to the same 5 arguments for decades and even kept presenting them in the same order as they appear below. In contrast to Craig's claim, however, these 5 arguments do not "constitute a powerful cumulative case that God exists",<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160617201102/http://www.reasonablefaith.org/the-existence-of-the-christian-god-the-craig-curley-debate The Existence of the Christian God: William Lane Craig vs. Edwin Curley] (February 5, 1998) ''Reasonable Faith'' (archived from June 17, 2016).</ref> but are a set of separate arguments, the first three of which yield only some generic [[Theism|theistic]] deity/deities, the fourth (which is the one that's supposed to support the existence of the Christian God) is implicitly relying on [[biblical inerrancy]], while the fifth is simply an appeal to personal feelings (faith) and thus [[Not an argument|not really, as Craig himself admits(!), an argument at all]].

===The Kalām cosmological argument===
Craig is best known for his (version of the) [[Kalām cosmological argument]] (KCA). Craig's KCA is a variation of the centuries-old cosmological argument originating in [[Islamic]] philosophy, which argues for the existence of a personal [[Argument from first cause|first cause]] for the universe. In 1979, Craig popularized this argument, based on his aforementioned Ph.D. in philosophy, and some theists [[PRATT|still see it]] as wonderful proof of the existence of God:
{{syl
|2=Everything that begins to exist has a cause.
|4=The [[universe]] began to exist.
|5=C|6=Therefore, the universe must have a cause.
}}

The conclusion we are supposed to reach from this, usually via a few additional arguments (that the cause must be personal,{{efn|In 2009, Arif Ahmed pointed out that Craig is ascribing personality to the cause because he adheres to [[Mind|Cartesian dualism]] as his [[philosophy of mind]], but that this assumption of Craig's is simply outdated as modern [[neuroscience]] is thoroughly [[Materialism|materialist]] and that only [[Non-materialist neuroscience|fringe]] versions disagree with this.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Fs8LVEHW4U Arif Ahmed vs William Lane Craig: Is Belief In God Reasonable? (3 of 8)] (Aug 28, 2011) ''YouTube'', t:1:48-2:34.</ref> As with the KCA itself, Craig is once again dredging up outdated concepts and ideas from the [[Protoscience|pre-scientific]] era (or in the case of [[Descartes]] possibly from the very infancy of the scientific era) and recycling them while ignoring subsequent discoveries in a way remarkably similar to how creationists pick out bits and pieces from ''[[On the Origin of Species]]'' while ignoring the discoveries of modern genetics.}} that this means a god, and that this god must be [[YHWH|the one in the Bible]]), is that God created the universe. That the existence of an uncaused cause (i.e., God) contradicts the initial premise of his argument doesn't seem to dampen his spirits.

====Why the Kalām Cosmological Argument fails====
The first premise of Craig's argument is flawed. 

It first of all [[Argument from assertion|asserts]] that causation is a real and objective feature of the world. This is highly disputed, with many other theories of causation springing from the work of the [[Scottish]] [[sceptic]] [[David Hume]]. He rightly pointed out that there is no logical necessity in causal relations, and so causation is based on our observation of one thing generally following another. Thus, the argument is immediately bad. Since no one has ever observed universe creation, the assertion that the universe must have had a cause cannot be justified.

In physics, things do not begin to exist. The conservation of [[Mass (physics)|mass]] means that things form from other things already in existence. So it is meaningless to state that they have a cause because they begin to exist.

In [[quantum mechanics]], things happen that are not caused, such as [[radioactive decay]], or when an [[atom]] in an excited energy level loses a [[photon]]. No cause is evident in the decay of a radioactive nucleus. Craig has said that quantum events are still "caused" just in a non-predetermined manner — what he calls "probabilistic causality". Craig is thereby admitting that the "cause" in his first premise could be an accidental one, something spontaneous and not predetermined. He therefore destroys his own case for a predetermined creation. Even if the KCA was [[Soundness|sound]], why would the cause itself not be natural?

The KCA's second premise of his argument is also flawed, because it simply assumes that the universe has a beginning. Not enough is known about the early stages of the [[Big Bang]] or about what, if anything, existed before it. We don't know what the universe was like before the first 10<sup>−43</sup> seconds after cosmic inflation started and, contrary to Craig's assertions, it is far from certain that the universe had a beginning. Instead, various possibilities exist. ({{wpa| Initial singularity#Alternatives to the singularity| speculative models beyond the Big Bang}})
#Before the expansion started, the universe existed in a low-entropy nonexpanding state eternally.<ref> https://web.archive.org/web/20240525084039/www.callidusphilo.com/2021/04/cosmology.html#Goldberg </ref>
#The [[multiverse]] could have existed before our universe started. 
#There could have been a Big Crunch prior to the Big Bang. In fact, published cosmological models, such as the Steinhardt–Turok model and Baum–Frampton model describe such universes.
#Something else entirely could have existed.

It follows from the above that the 'conclusion' is inconclusive, because even if we reason that the universe has a cause, we know nothing about the nature of this cause and certainly not enough to ascribe godhood (with properties such as awareness and intelligence) to it. The cause of the universe may very well lack mind or will. There is even less reason to assume the cause of the universe is the Abrahamic God, and the argument also suffers from several formal errors.

Another problem is the way apologists like Craig [[Cherry picking|only seem to pay any mind at all to the laws and limitations of physics when (they think) these ''help to prove'' their point]], [[Confirmation bias|disregarding the rest of them]], as if doing that constitutes [[Pseudoscience#Physics|anything but a pseudoscientific approach]] to the implications of cosmology. For one, the Big Bang erupted out of a [[singularity]]. A singularity is a point where our predictive theories stop working and our math and physics breaks down&nbsp;— on top of us lacking [[empirical]] data about the singularity itself.

About the one thing that we do know about a singularity like the Big Bang (assuming there was really a true singularity, which many physicists consider unphysical), however, is that nothing from before the Big Bang could have affected anything that came after it. This is because the very premise of the universe itself, of ''[[time]] itself'' and ''of [[reality]]''&nbsp;— in the most literal sense&nbsp;— was set up at the point of the Big Bang. This, despite the way our primitive [[ape]] [[brain]]s struggle to grasp the implications of that.

It would thus appear entirely contradictory to claim that the Big Bang was in fact caused by anything that preceded the singularity&nbsp;— and since even the laws of cause and effect that we observe in our universe today had broken down at the point of the singularity, it's not even a plausible premise to conclude that the principles of cause and effect ''must'' have operated, never mind ''existed'', before the Big Bang. This undermines all three of Craig's original premises for the Kalām cosmological argument.

Furthermore, [[Occam's razor]] comes into play (as it always does when people try to multiplicate unnecessary [[hypotheses]]), reminding us that ''even if'' we entertain the conclusion that the cosmos was created by a god, it still doesn't explain where that god came from&nbsp;— who designed the designer? And if one simply concludes that the god created itself (or always existed), then ''why not just save a step'' and simply conclude that the cosmos created itself (or always existed)?

An even simpler problem with premise one is that it's actually about things beginning to exist '''within''' the universe (a.k.a. [[spacetime]]), which it then applied to the question of the origin of the universe '''itself''' (premise two) to which it cannot simply be assumed to apply. An analogy would be to claim that since a monarch is defined as the offspring of another monarch, [[False dilemma|the only possible explanations]] are either the obviously false one that monarchs and monarchies are eternal or that there must have been some mystical divine prime mover behind their origins. This of course ignores that a royal line of succession necessarily requires the prior existence of a monarchy, just like Craig's [[Induction|inductive]] examples of things "beginning to exist"<ref>[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/youtube-takes-out-the-cosmological-argument Youtube Takes Out the Cosmological Argument!] by William Lane Craig, ''Reasonable Faith''. Here he wallows in ''[[reductio ad absurdum]]'' and straw manning.</ref> necessarily requires the prior existence of the universe.

Physical models of a beginning-less universe do exist; for instance, the theoretical physicist, Professor Christof Wetterich of the Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Heidelberg has such a model.<ref name=wetterich>[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1404.0535.pdf Eternal Universe] by C. Wetterich (19 May 2014) ''arXiv''. doi:10.48550/arXiv.1404.0535.</ref> In his paper, Wetterich discusses and cites the {{wpl|Borde–Guth–Vilenkin theorem}}, at the end stating, "The author would like to thank P. Steinhardt for stimulating discussions that motivated this work, and A. Linde and A. Vilenkin for useful comments."<ref name=wetterich/> Clearly, Vilenkin does not reject all beginning-less models of the universe, as Wetterich's paper has received many citations,<ref>[https://scholar.google.com/scholar?um=1&ie=UTF-8&lr&cites=175561020250883306 Citations of 'Eternal Universe'] ''Google Scholar''.</ref>

Borde-Guth-Vilenkin's claim and Craig's views on time do not appear to go hand in hand. Craig stated that: "[Special relativity] is a theory about physical time and space and says nothing about the nature of metaphysical time and space",<ref name=craig-time>[https://archive.org/details/william-lane-craig-time-and-the-metaphysics-of-relativity-desbloqueado/page/n3/mode/2up ''Time and the Metaphysics of Relativity''] by William Lane Craig (1990) Springer. ISBN 0792366689.</ref>{{rp|150}} and "we must not forget that relativity theory concerns physical time only, not metaphysical time".<ref name=craig-time/>{{rp|187}} This seems to present Craig with a major problem&nbsp;— if relativity theory describes physical time only and says nothing about metaphysical time, then how can he infer that past metaphysical time is finite from a result about the finitude of past physical time? Indeed, he explicitly acknowledges that a beginning in one type of time doesn't imply a beginning in the other.<ref name=craig-time/>{{rp|154}}<ref>''Unreasonable Faith: How William Lane Craig Overstates the Case for Christianity'' by James Fodor (2018) Hypatia Press. ISBN 1912701189.</ref>{{rp|107}}

In October 2015, Professor Vilenkin discusses the BGV theorem, mentioning Dr. Craig by name, with respect to the existence of God stating, "What causes the universe to pop out of nothing? No cause is needed.""<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Vilenkin |first=Alexander |date=2015-10-23 |title=The Beginning of the Universe |url=https://inference-review.com/article/the-beginning-of-the-universe |journal=Inference |language=en |volume=1 |issue=4}}</ref>

====Begging the question====
The KCA of Craig is an example of begging the question or circular reasoning. Craig presumes that the phrase "whatever begins to exist" includes everything apart from God, whom Craig assumes is the ultimate cause of, well, everything (by way of being both [[omnipotent]] and [[omniscient]] as well as the creator of the universe). This presupposition puts God into the premise of the argument that was supposed to prove his existence in the first place. This is also most likely an example of special pleading, as the first premise, "Everything that begins to exist has a cause", can be rewritten as "Everything that is not God has a cause" (unless there exists some other thing or things which did not begin to exist). In addition, another way of looking at this is with the following [[syllogism]]:
{{syl
|2=Everything that begins to exist has a cause.
|4=The universe began to exist.
|5=C|6=Therefore the universe has a cause.
}}

Even if this syllogism is [[valid]], it does not imply what that cause is. To state that the cause is a god, the Christian God, or any other entity requires additional statements, not to mention that it contains no definition of "God" or "god", making Craig's discussion fail in several ways. 

In addition, if some things exist did not begin to exist, then even accepting the other premises does not lead to the Christian God as the answer. Craig offers no evidence for a god (or God), but merely asserts that a god must have been the cause. Craig's description is an example of an [[argument from ignorance]].

Michael Nugent, fief of {{wpl|Atheist Ireland||,}} underscores the absurdity of Craig's argument (in his debate with Craig) by offering the following syllogism:<ref>[https://youtu.be/wmlcmVye4hM Does God Exist? Michael Nugent v William Lane Craig Debate] by Atheist Ireland (Mar 23, 2017) ''YouTube''. t:1:08:30</ref>
{{syl
|2=Bishops can only move diagonally.
|4=The Pope is the Bishop of Rome.
|5=C|6=Therefore, the Pope can only move diagonally.
}}

====Compositional errors====
The two premises that support the conclusion both commit [[Composition and division|compositional errors]]. The first premise, "Whatever begins to exist has a cause", suffers from a [[fallacy of composition]]. As François Tremblay put it:
{{cquote|Dr. Craig is no doubt aware, however, that to infer a necessary causality on a whole&nbsp;— the universe&nbsp;— on the basis of observation of such attribute in the parts&nbsp;— the existents around us&nbsp;— is a fallacy of composition. The attribute being transposed here, being caused, is relational and therefore cannot be transposed. Thus he cannot generalize from caused entities around us to the universe in this matter.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040619122223/http://www.talkreason.org/articles/Craig.cfm Dr. Craig's Unsupported Premise] by François Tremblay (June 15, 2004) ''Talk Reason''.</ref>}}

The second premise, "The universe began to exist", forces us to draw an inference between the items in the set (things within the universe) and apply it to the set as a whole (the universe itself). For that to be valid, one must fallaciously presuppose a realm beyond the universe in which the universe itself is part of a larger set within which it is contained, limited, and defined. This leads to another compositional error, via begging the question, since such a realm beyond the universe adds another, entirely unsubstantiated and unexamined, speculative realm (this also verges on bringing up [[infinite regress]] issues). As an example, it is absolutely true that every member of a flock of sheep has a mother, but it is absolutely false to say that, therefore, the flock must have a mother. Similarly, there are several ways in which the universe is completely unlike anything in it&nbsp;— for instance, the universe has no center of mass, or a balance point, unlike, say, bicycles, Beethoven, or containers of root-beer. In addition, the universe is expanding, but that expansion is identical for all observers at any particular epoch in the universe's history, no matter the direction they observe the expansion to be occurring in. As such, the universe has no particular spatial or geographical center.

====Defining essentials====
The KCA fails to identify one of its key concepts (the universe) and define its essential properties, either through its syllogism, or subsequent explanations for its syllogism.

Craig's KCA insists that the Big Bang was the beginning of everything and if it was not, then a part of existence is unaccounted for. This larger whole may be eternal, or may never have begun to exist, or caused the Big Bang (as a local inflationary expansion), or caused the rest of the multiverse.

If, instead, Craig was to define the universe in his KCA as the totality of existence, the argument would again be rendered nonsensical, because the universe could not have been created by something outside itself under this definition: For something to create the totality of that which exists, we end up with the creating agent being non-existent. Furthermore, if the universe is defined as the totality of existence, it could never have been caused as a whole, since that would entail that at one point existence was non-existent, which is simply incoherent.

====Who created God?====
Another reason why the KCA is invalid is because it can be expressed in a competing syllogism.
{{syl
|2=Everything that is sentient has a cause.
|4=The [[YHWH|Abrahamic god]] is (said to be) sentient.
|5=C|6=Therefore the Abrahamic god has a cause.{{efn|Providing that the Abrahamic god exists and is sentient, of course.}}
}}

This syllogism can easily be applied to any god, since most, if not all, gods are said to be sentient in some form or fashion and because all referrals to reality attest that sentience does not arise without antecedent causation. [[Pantheism]], in its belief that god simply ''is'' the universe, does not necessarily impute sentience to god, making it a notable exception.

The most common apologetic evasion of this problem is an unabashed [[handwave]]: define God as [[Special pleading|being exempt]] from the laws of logic that He is [[presuppositionalism|purported]] to have created. This is a textbook example of [[moving the goalposts]].

Craig finesses his P1 by using the phrase "''begins'' to exist", opening the obvious [[escape hatch]] that God did not begin to exist, because He is eternal. However, Craig's version is (as usual) even more [[Sophistry|convoluted]]: Craig cannot use the obvious eternity escape hatch, because he argues elsewhere that [[infinity]] is impossible in the physical world (as opposed to in [[mathematics]]). This is Craig's attempt to get around the possibility that the universe might be eternal (i.e. infinitely old) and thus not fit his P1 which would invalidate his conclusion. Thus, Craig can't call God eternal, since that would exclude God from the physical world and turn Him into something intangible like a mathematical concept. Instead, Craig [[Moving the goalposts|invents]] the term [[Bullshit|"timeless"]]. One of Craig's online Q&As makes his mental contortions jarringly obvious. Craig defines an entity (''e'') "beginning to exist" using four criteria, one of which seems to serve the sole purpose of creating a God-shaped hole into which Craig can slot his preferred deity: 
{{cquote|(iii) there is no state of affairs in the actual world in which ''e'' exists timelessly.<ref>[https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/question-answer/beginning-to-exist #168 Beginning to Exist] by William Lane Craig (July 05, 2010) ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref>}}
Since Craig thinks that only God exists timelessly,{{efn|Otherwise, Craig would allow for other entities to replace or supplement God in the creation of the universe.}} he has essentially [[Circular reasoning|written God into one of the premises in an argument that is supposed to demonstrate God's existence]].

According to Craig, God being "timeless" [[Handwave|apparently]] means that He isn't infinitely old, but instead that He [[Ad hoc|somehow]] [[Not even wrong|exists outside of time]] from where [[Goddidit|He can apparently pop in]] to [[Circumcision|rant against foreskins]], [[Virgin birth|impregnate virgins]], [[Crucifiction|get "killed"]], or [[Religious pareidolia|appear on your toast]] as required. Craig rejects the existence of actual infinities as being anywhere in nature as being an absurdity,<ref>{{wpa|Temporal finitism}}</ref> and yet he will cite singularity theorems from cosmologists while not mentioning to his audiences that a singularity, in physics, is an "actual infinite" (in particular, where the spacetime metric becomes infinite.) Craig contradicts his own assertions of actual infinities being absurd; in his debate with Daniel Came,<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2vh9vXx3ac Craig v Came] (Mar 26, 2017) ''YouTube''.</ref> Craig acknowledged that God knows the future (such as by allowing "pointless evils," such as the [[Holocaust]] to occur in the past and/or present, so that "outweighing goods," even if such occur centuries in the future, may occur), which means that God's knowledge of the actual future, which consists of an infinite number of events, must also consist of knowing an infinite number of propositions, which would, as Wes Morriston also argues,<ref>[http://spot.colorado.edu/~morristo/EndlessFuture.pdf Beginningless Past, Endless Future, and the Actual Infinite] by Wes Morriston (2010) ''Faith and Philosophy'' 27(4):439-450. doi:10.5840/faithphil201027444.</ref><ref>[https://place.asburyseminary.edu/faithandphilosophy/vol29/iss4/5/ Beginningless Past and Endless Future: Reply to Craig] by Wes Morriston (2012) 'Faith and Philosophy'' 29(4):444-450. doi:10.5840/faithphil201229445.</ref> constitute an actual infinite. James East identifies Craig's error in applying naive set theory to infinite sets.<ref>[http://www.skepticink.com/reasonablyfaithless/2013/03/25/infinity-minus-infinity/ William Lane Craig on the infinite – Part 2 of ∞] by James East (Mar 25, 2013) ''Reasonably Faithless''.</ref>

====Nonsense approach to time====
The KCA is also dependent on the [[Bullshit|controversial]] {{wpl|B-theory of time|A-theory of time}} (a.k.a., the "tensed" theory of time), which states that the present moment is uniquely real. Craig is very explicit about this:
{{cquote|The moments of time are ordered by past, present, and future, and that these are real and objective aspects of reality. The past is gone, it no longer exists. The present is real. The future has not yet come to be and is not real. And so the future is not sort of out there ahead of us down the line, waiting for us to arrive. The future is pure potentiality, only the present is real.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lNLKcq6JjYk The Nature of Time — William Lane Craig] (Sep 8, 2009) ''YouTube''.</ref>}}
The common objection to the A-theory comes from [[Einstein]]'s theory of [[relativity]], which states that there is no absolute present moment and time is relative. Opposing this, Craig has [[Argumentum ad nauseam|written a lot of books]] on the subject of time, promoting an [[Relativity denial|interpretation of relativity]] that he calls {{wpl|Lorentz ether theory|Neo-Lorentzian|,}} and which includes an absolute present moment. Craig claims that such an interpretation is observationally equivalent to special relativity. Of course this is seriously disputed, but even if this is the case, there is no reason why we should prefer Craig's interpretation ([[Occam's duct tape|which is very complex]]) to Einstein's interpretation ([[Occam's razor|which is simpler and works completely fine by itself]]). Addressing the issue of why we should prefer his "Neo-Lorentzianism" and the A-theory of time, Craig writes:
{{cquote|Besides all this, we have good reasons for believing that a neo-Lorentzian theory is correct, namely, the existence of God in A-theoretic time implies it, so that concerns about which version is simpler become of little moment.<ref name=craig-time/>{{rp|179}}}}
So, it seems that Craig is saying that:
#The existence of God implies "Neo-Lorentzianism".
#"Neo-Lorentzianism" is needed for the A-theory of time to be correct.
#A-theory of time is necessary for the KCA to work.
#The KCA proves the existence of God.
That is [[Begging the question|clearly circular]]. Craig tends to defend this line of reasoning by pointing to his other arguments as tipping the scales in favour of the existence of God and thus lending credibility to his divine “Neo-Lorentzianism”. However, contrary to the Craig’s claim, his other arguments are neither cumulative, nor do they fare much better under scrutiny than the KCA.
====Cardinality errors====
As Dr. James A. Lindsay points out in his book <i>Dot, Dot, Dot: Infinity Plus God Equals Folly</i>, Dr. Craig is falling into a cardinality error when he tries to demonstrate that it is logically impossible that the Cosmos is infinitely old.  All numbers on the Real Number line are, without exception, finite, even if there are an infinite number of them.  (Indeed, as Georg Cantor proved, there are an infinitude of numbers on the real number line between any two fixed numbers, which means, if time is continuous, we are transversing an actual infinite of instantaneous moments of time on a continuous basis.)  Therefore, an entity that is experiencing time must have associated with it a local spacetime metric, and as it is logically impossible for two finite sequences to be separated by an infinite sequence, such an entity must be in our finite past or future, even if the Cosmos is without a beginning, just as all real numbers are finite even given the fact that there are infinite number of them.

===The teleological argument===
{{main|Argument from design}}
Craig's second argument is the teleological aka the [[Anthropic principle|fine tuning]] argument. The common objection to the notion of fine tuning is that it is a [[tautology]], weakened by the [[Universe#Multiverse|multiverse]] theory (Craig never says a multiverse is impossible). Craig's response to this objection is to claim that multiverse theory suffers from [[Gambler's fallacy#Inverse|the inverse gambler's fallacy]] and then just changes the topic by alluding to other evidence:
{{cquote|By contrast, not only is the hypothesis of a Cosmic Designer free of this fallacy, but it is again the better explanation because we do have [[PIDOOMA|independent evidence]] of the existence of such a Designer in the form of other arguments for the existence of God.<ref>''God? A Debate between a Christian and an Atheist'' by William Lane Craig & Walter Sinnott-Armstrong (2004) Oxford University Press. ISBN  0195165993.</ref>{{rp|14}}}}
However, we have already seen that we cannot rely on the Kalam to tip the scale in favor of the cosmic designer hypothesis, because that just gets us in the same circle we were in before.

If the [[Anthropic principle|universe seems to be fine-tuned]] or seems to be designed with human beings in mind, in no way does such seeming design or seeming fine-tuning necessarily imply the existence of a fine tuner or designer. Logically, Craig must first demonstrate the existence of a designer or fine tuner, then show that that fine tuner or designer designed or tuned the universe, not the reverse.

In addition, it is more likely that life on earth adapted to the conditions of the universe via the process of [[evolution]] and [[natural selection]] than to say that the universe was changed to accommodate life. This is obviously true as almost 100% of the known universe would instantly kill us were we to be beamed up to it tomorrow. Even some places on Earth cannot always support human life, e.g. Death Valley and the extreme deserts of the world. The teleological argument suffers from the same problems as an argument that noses exist so there is a place to perch spectacles on.

It's also worth pointing out that Craig's omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent God would not have needed to "fine-tune" anything; hence, any argument for fine-tuning rests upon ''naturalistic'' presuppositions and not theistic ones. Craig's God could have created the universe to have ''whatever'' constants He wanted to use (otherwise, how can He be omnipotent?). Having said that, the Universe is not particularly well-tuned for life, as nearly all of the trillion or so planets in our Galaxy appear to be devoid of any life. Craig will quote "chance, necessity or design", but flipping a coin 1,000 times will produce an ordered sequence of heads/tails that is far, far more improbable by many orders of magnitude than any of the fine tuning probabilities that Craig cites, and yet few people walk into a casino assuming any type of "design", although, some, no doubt, may feel that way when they leave. In any case, the chance outcomes one finds there are absurdly less than any of the so-called finely tuned probabilities that Craig cites, and yet, no one in authority appeals to "god" to explain such nearly infinitesimal outcomes. Such outcomes happen all the time, every day.

In the attempt to sideline the infinitely regressing{{efn|A logical malfunction inherent to ''all'' design inferences&nbsp;— ''one'' of the myriad reasons why such reasoning fails.}} elephant in the room, Craig engages directly with [[Richard Dawkins]]' obvious follow-up question of "who designed the designer",<ref>[https://www.reasonablefaith.org/videos/lectures/response-to-richard-dawkins-book-the-god-delusion-university-of-florida Response to Richard Dawkins book, The God Delusion: William Lane Craig speaks with University of Florida professors] ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref> asserting that Dawkins' argument fails in ''two'' ways.

Firstly, according to Craig, the candidate '[[Scientific creationism#Oxymoron|supernatural explanation]]'{{efn|Ignoring momentarily [[Irony meter|the rampant irony]] that neither "[[Argument from design|design proves God]]" nor "[[Goddidit|God proves design]]"&nbsp;— ''especially'' [[Circular reasoning|if taken together]]&nbsp;— actually ''explain anything'' whatsoever. Literally ''all'' either of them do is [[Occam's razor|raise a buttload of further questions]].}} (i.e., "[[Goddidit]]") supposedly requires no explanation of its own. Don't you see, [[WAKE UP|it's already ''self-evident'']]!

This is pretty rich coming from him, considering that whenever a non-supernaturalist presents the argument that ''the multiverse'' is the cause of any apparent fine tuning, Craig protests that even if so, then ''the multiverse itself'' would simply be the thing (outfitted personally by [[Jehovah]]) requiring a fine tuner.

Hence, Craig happily exercises his right to ''ask follow-up questions'' to any supposed naturalist explanation&nbsp;— a practice whole-heartedly endorsed by both us and Craig's opponents. Good on him for attempting to [[Falsifiability|falsify]] any and all explanations given.

However, when ''Craig'' is the one being held to the very same standard of elaboration&nbsp;— from across the tables, since turned&nbsp;— that ''his'' supernatural explanation both '''can and will''' be subject to that same '[[Falsification|trial by fire]]', Craig [[Ad hoc|conveniently informs us]] that [[Hypocrisy|''his'' argument is under no similar obligation]].

In his second attempt at refuting Dawkins' view, Craig claims that Dawkins is assuming that God is more complicated than the thing to be explained. It does seem like an omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent being would likely be very complex — and as Craig himself repeatedly argues elsewhere: since complexity [[Bullshit|could '''only''' arise 'from the top down']] by [[intelligent design]], and since the ''more'' complex something is, the more complex still ''its designer'' has to be, the central question of "who, if so, designed God?" remains as infinitely 
regressive
 valid as ever.

====The applicability of mathematics====
This is a new "argument" from Craig, which he elaborated upon in a radio debate with atheist British philosopher Daniel Came on 10 January 2015.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nn4ocx316dk Does Mathematics Point to God? William Lane Craig vs Daniel Came] (Jan 15, 2015) ''YouTube''.</ref> In the past, Craig cited Peter Higgs (overlooking the fact that Higgs is an atheist) and his theoretical prediction of the [[Higgs boson]]. At its heart, however, this is a variant of Craig’s teleological argument as it follows the same line of claiming that because certain constants (or here, mathematical equations describing real world phenomena) exist, [[Argument from incredulity|they must have been put in place]] by some sort of [[Argument from design#Paley|divine clockmaker]]. Craig's argument has been answered&nbsp;— the history of science in general and physics in particular is littered with dead theories, all of which are completely mathematically coherent and yet have been falsified and disproved. For instance, there are at least a dozen or so alternative models of gravitation that compete with General Relativity, all of which are mathematically coherent and yet they are not accepted (such as MOND, Modified Newtonian Dynamics), because our observations suggest that the universe simply does not work that way. From an episode of the original ''[[Star Trek]]'', "the Spectre Of The Gun", there is a great quote from Mr. Spock (no doubt put there by Gene Roddenberry), "Physical reality is consistent with universal laws. Where the laws do not operate, there is no reality…"<ref>[http://www.chakoteya.net/StarTrek/56.htm ''Spectre Of The Gun''] (25 Oct, 1968) ''Chrissie's Transcripts Site''.</ref> Of course, the universe must operate according to some mathematical principles; if it did not, we would not be here. Craig’s later use of this argument in his 2016 debate with Kevin Scharp<ref>[https://www.reasonablefaith.org/media/debates/is-there-evidence-for-god/ "Is There Evidence for God?": William Lane Craig vs. Kevin Scharp] (May 2016) ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref> in Craig’s familiar, tripartite, formal proof format:
{{syl
|2=If God did not exist, the applicability of mathematics would be a happy coincidence.
|4=The applicability of mathematics is not a happy coincidence.
|5=C1|6=Therefore, God exists.
}}
This makes it even clearer how weak this argument is, as neither of the premises are in any way certain or even clear (what do we mean by ''”happy coincidence”'' and is this really the only alternative to [[Goddidit]]?). Craig is basically coupling [[Argument from design#Paley|Paley’s old “obvious design” argument]] with the kind of [[Presuppositionalism|presuppositionalist]] "I'm right by definition" (a.k.a. the [[transcendental argument for God]] or TAG) argument used by the likes of [[Sye Ten Bruggencate]]. [[Garbage in garbage out|Coupling two, bad arguments does simply not make for a single, combined, good one.]]

===The moral argument===
[[File:Craig Seminar 3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Craig during his Coherence of Theism seminar.]]
In his third argument, Craig claims that if a god/God does not exist, then [[objective morality|objective moral values]] do not exist:
{{syl
|2=If objective moral values exist, then God exists.
|4=Objective moral values exist.
|5=C1|6=Therefore, God exists.
}}
This is a common argument among Christian apologists{{efn|For instance, [[Ravi Zacharias]]' insistence that the existence of "moral law" entails the existence of a "moral law giver" is basically a cruder rhetorical variant of this.}} and is logically valid as an instance of ''[[modus tollens]]''. However, validity does not ensure soundness&nbsp;— neither premise is well-supported. There are two [[enthymeme|assumptions assumed in this argument]]. For one, there are numerous ways of formulating systems of morality that don't require a god. Craig says that "objective" moral values exist. That statement is arguable because different cultures have often different moral values, so moral values are relative. For instance, some cultures value [[dog]]s as pets, others don't; some cultures denounce [[gay sex]], others find it acceptable; and so on and so forth. It has been pointed out by Peter Millican and Stephen Law that Craig's "logic" could apply equally well to the notion of an anti-God.<ref>{{wpa|Evil God challenge}}</ref>

Demonstrating that a god is a necessary condition for objective morality requires either one or more ''a priori'' arguments to discredit the various alternatives. Secondly, the argument assumes objective morality is consistent with the existence of god, a notion challenged by the [[Euthyphro dilemma]]. Craig says that, according to [[divine command theory]], God had goodness built into His character in such a way that everything God does and commands is good. However, that still does not solve the conundrum. If something is good ''because [[argument by assertion|God says so]]'', this leaves us with nothing more than a tautology, redefining good such that we are unable to truly judge what is good. If, by contrast, God says something is good ''because it is good'', then there is an underlying assumption that there exists some moral standard that is independent from God.

Craig's definition of objective morality is "that something is right or wrong independently of whether anybody believes it to be so", but note that by making it dependent on God's whims, this morality is not so much objective as ''exogenous'' (located outside humans) because anything God decrees is deemed to be moral, especially since Craig adheres to divine command theory. Even worse, Craig [[argument by assertion|simply asserts]] that objective moral values do exist, his defence basically being that our personal experiences of morality makes it true as he uses a blatant [[appeal to emotion]]:
{{cquote|On the atheistic view, some action, say [[rape]], may not be socially advantageous and so in the course of human development has become [[taboo]]. But that does absolutely nothing to prove that rape is really morally wrong. On the atheistic view, there’s nothing really wrong with your raping someone. And thus without God there is no absolute right and wrong which imposes itself on our conscience. But the problem is that objective values do exist, and deep down I think we all know it. There is no more reason to deny the objective reality of moral values than the objective reality of the physical world. Actions like rape, cruelty, [[torture]], and [[Child abuse|child-abuse]] aren’t just socially unacceptable behavior. These are moral abominations. Some things are really wrong. Similarly, love, [[equality]] and generosity are really good.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120413220215/http://www.reasonablefaith.org/does-god-exist-the-craig-persson-debate Does God Exist? The Craig-Persson Debate] (March 1999) ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref>{{efn|Craig used the same argument (down to repeating it verbatim) when debating Arif Ahmed at Cambridge in 2009 with hilarious results]. Curiously, this is one debate that Craig's ''Reasonable Faith'' website does '''not''' have a transcript of.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Rg7HBmGQx0 Christian Apologetics get Demolished (William Lane Craig vs Arif Ahmed debate)] (Nov 27, 2011) ''YouTube''.</ref>}}}}

His use of rape as a quintessentially immoral thing is rather unfortunate for his argument, since ''not once'' does the Bible ever condemn rape. In fact, God himself effectively mandates it at times, for instance against the Amalekites. He also specifies that under certain conditions a woman must marry her attacker, thereby guaranteeing that he will continue raping her. Most atheists find such ideas abhorrent; does that make us immoral, because we disagree with God's attitude toward sexual assault?

Craig says that God presents us with societal values and that we need religion to provide us with those values. However, we learn our morals from our friends and relatives. To determine if something is "right" or "wrong," we look at the penal code and not the [[Slavery in the Bible|Bible (which, for example, condones slavery)]].

In April 2011, Craig published an explanation for why the [[genocide]] and infanticide ordered by God against the [[Canaan]]ites in the Old Testament was morally defensible.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110424134933/http://www.reasonablefaith.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=5767 Slaughter of the Canaanites] 'Reasonable Faith'' (archived from April 24, 2011)/ Craig explains how killing babies is totally moral when commanded by God.</ref> In a nutshell it boils down to claiming that when guilty people get killed, they deserved it because they were guilty and bad, but when innocent people get killed (including [[Infant damnation|innocent babies]]) it's okay because they went to [[Heaven]] and thus avoided being corrupted by their elders and ending up in [[Hell]]. Here are some key points:

{{cquote|God had morally sufficient reasons for His judgement upon Canaan, and [[Israel]] was merely the instrument of His justice, just as centuries later God would use the [[pagan]] nations of Assyria and [[Babylon]] to judge Israel.<ref name="greta">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110502085838/http://warmlittlepond.wordpress.com/2011/04/28/greta-christina-attacks-william-lane-craig/ One More Reason Religion Is So Messed Up] by Greta Christina (April 28, 2011) ''Warm Little Pond'' (archived from May 2, 2011).</ref><ref name=Coyne>[http://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2011/10/20/why-dawkins-wont-debate-william-lane-craig-its-about-morality/ It’s about morality, stupid: why Dawkins won’t debate William Lane Craig] by Jerry Coyne (October 20, 2011 • 5:47 am) ''Why Evolution Is True''.</ref>}}

And:
{{cquote|Moreover, if we believe, as I do, that God’s grace is extended to those who die in infancy or as small children, the death of these children was actually their [[salvation]]. We are so wedded to an earthly, [[Philosophical naturalism|naturalistic]] perspective that we forget that those who die are happy to quit this earth for heaven’s incomparable joy. Therefore, God does these children no wrong in taking their lives.<ref name="greta"/><ref name=Coyne/>}}

And:
{{cquote|So whom does God wrong in commanding the destruction of the Canaanites? Not the Canaanite adults, for they were corrupt and deserving of judgement. Not the children, for they inherit [[Immortality|eternal life]].<ref name="greta"/><ref name=Coyne/>}}

Please bear in mind that Craig is not some cruel [[dogma]]tic [[wingnut]]. He’s not some [[Extremism|extremist]] [[Fred Phelps]] type, ranting about how God’s hateful vengeance is upon us for tolerating [[homosexuality]].<ref>[http://www.christianpost.com/news/christian-apologist-says-church-losing-battle-against-hate-label-for-homosexuality-stance-93566/ Christian Apologist Says Church Losing Battle Against Hate Label for Homosexuality Stance] by Stoyan Zaimov (April 09, 2013) ''Christian Post''.</ref><ref>''Hard Questions, Real Answers'' by  William Lane Craig (2003) Crossway. ISBN 1581344872.</ref>{{rp|129–144}}<ref>[https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/popular-writings/practical-issues/a-christian-perspective-on-homosexuality/ A Christian Perspective on Homosexuality] by William Lane Craig, ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref><ref>[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/christian-homosexuals #57 Christian Homosexuals?] by William Lane Craig (May 19, 2008) ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref> He’s not some itinerant street preacher, railing on college campuses about premarital hand holding. He’s an educated, widely-published, widely-read [[theology|theological]] scholar and debater. When believers accuse atheists or non-believers of ignoring "[[Sophisticated theology|sophisticated modern theology]]", Craig is one of the people they’re talking about. 

Modern theology, and especially such fundamentalist varieties as Craig's, cannot escape the dogmas of the cruel theology of the ancient times. Educated apologists like Craig must argue that as long as God orders such things to happen, it’s perfectly moral to take the lives of these people. Killing bad people is tolerable, because they’re bad and they deserve it. This implies the [[problem of evil]] and the folly of attempting to understand the motives of a capricious and inscrutable god (not to mention trying to base a moral code on these motives).

Killing innocent and good people is just as tolerable, because they wind up in Heaven. As long as God approves it, it’s acceptable to systematically wipe out entire races, including babies and children. [[Thomas Aquinas]] used the exact same line of "reasoning", stating in his ''Summa Theologica'' that, "With regard to [[heretics]] two points must be observed: one, on their own side; the other, on the side of the Church. On their own side there is the [[sin]], whereby they deserve not only to be separated from the Church by [[excommunication]], but also to be severed from the world by death."<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/summa/3011.htm#article3 ''Summa Theologiae'' II II, 11, 3] by Thomas Aquinas, ''New Advent''.</ref>

Craig said — not essentially, not as a paraphrase, but literally, in quotable words&nbsp;— "the death of these children was actually their salvation." This viewpoint is not something unique to Craig, but is one that apologists often choose to adopt when tasked with explaining the [[war crimes]] perpetrated under God's command in the Old Testament. The ethical framework of the Old Testament, if taken in whole, is completely incompatible with most contemporary conceptions of morality. It is difficult to discern whether or not apologists like Craig are devoted enough to this viewpoint to act on it, but it is safe to say that the objective morality that fundamentalist apologists such as Craig support is anything but objective. What it actually is is exogenous, i.e. external to humanity and the natural world (being located in God and metaphysics), but also arbitrary because anything that God commands apparently becomes morally okay. Craig is fond of using appeals to emotion in his debates when claiming that objective moral values actually exist:
{{cquote|Actions like rape, cruelty, and child abuse aren't just socially unacceptable behavior. They are moral [[abomination]]s. Some things, at least, are really wrong.<ref>[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/does-god-exist-craig-vs-hitchens-apr-2009 Does God Exist? The Craig-Hitchens Debate] (April 2009) ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref>{{efn|Craig has used practically identical emotional appeals as his 2009 debate with [[Christopher Hitchens]] in his 2011 debates with [http://www.reasonablefaith.org/does-god-exist-the-craig-law-debate Stephen Law] and [http://www.reasonablefaith.org/the-craig-krauss-debate-at-north-carolina-state-university Lawrence] [[Lawrence Krauss|Krauss]], something which began as early as his [http://www.reasonablefaith.org/does-god-exist-the-craig-persson-debate 1991 debate] with Kai Nielsen. Just search [http://www.reasonablefaith.org/debate-transcripts the transcripts] of his debates on variants of the "Does God Exist?"-topic for the word "rape". This kind of verbatim recycling is another characteristic of Craig's debating performances.}}}} However, it turns out that Craig doesn't actually believe this, because he has built in a barn door-sized escape hatch by which even killing infants becomes moral (or at least not immoral) as long as God commands it, which lead us to…

====Divine command theory====
{{main|Divine command theory}}
Craig is an adherent of divine command theory, which he describes as follows:
{{cquote|But the transcendent and sovereign God sees the end from the beginning and providentially orders history so that His purposes are ultimately achieved through human free decisions. In order to achieve His ends, God may have to put up with certain evils along the way. Evils which appear pointless to us within our limited framework may be seen to have been justly permitted within God’s wider framework.<ref>[https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/popular-writings/existence-nature-of-god/the-problem-of-evil The Problem of Evil] by William Lane Craig, ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref>}}

So basically, God has ordered everything throughout history to unfold through [[free will]]. This means that God does not intervene with human life, otherwise [[freedom]] would be eliminated. This is also problematic because it [[begs the question]] and it does not answer any ethical problems. According to divine command theory God allows necessary evil as a part of His plan and whatever God commands must be the morally correct course of action. Therefore, if/when God endorses genocide, infanticide, animal sacrifice, slavery, or rape, those things are good, whereas if/when he forbids eating certain foods or working on certain days or having certain kinds of kinky sex, those things immediately become bad. This makes divine command theory a subjective (from God's point of view) and arbitrary theory of morals as the morality of a given action can change at God's whim. Objections like "God wouldn't do that" don't help at all because, as Craig himself has highlighted, examples can readily be found in the very scriptures that Craig bases his religious beliefs on.

Whether divine command theory is true or not (and there seems to be no reason to think that it is), it is often not an effective method of settling moral dilemmas. It offers no clear distinctions for when a "divine dispensation" applies (or even how we can be sure that Craig's God and [[holy book]] are presenting us with the correct divine get-out-of-jail-free card), a problem exacerbated when religious texts contain a host of [[Biblical contradictions|conflicting]], arbitrary, or excessively specific rules. These rules rarely allow a clear method of generalizing from scripture to every possible or even to any concrete situation, so a believer is forced to do much the same thing that an atheist does, which is to work out moral principles and ideas for themself. Often, the fact that the believer is bound to respect certain statements as absolute truth makes this process even harder, because those statements may not make good sense, or may make sense in most situations but be absurd in others. Divine command theory thus fails to provide moral guidance for much the same reason that religions often fail to provide moral guidance.

In his debate with Shelly Kagan of Yale University,<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiJnCQuPiuo&t=76s Is God Necessary for Morality? William Lane Craig vs Shelly Kagan Debate] (Nov 5, 2011) ''YouTube''.</ref> Craig had a difficult time understanding the difference between non-human animals, which are unable to do calculus and/or write poetry, and human beings, who are capable of such endeavors.  Craig also had a difficult time understanding that moral culpability is different from non-human animals (or, very young children), who can reflect upon their actions, motives, choices and the consequences of such choices.

===The resurrection of Jesus===
{{main|Resurrection of Jesus}}
[[File:Luca Giordano - Resurrection - WGA09020.jpg|thumb|right|350px|''The Resurrection'', painted by Luca Giordano in 1665.]]
Craig's fourth argument is that the resurrection of Jesus was a real historical event and that this proves not only the existence of a god, but the [[Abrahamic religion|Abrahamic one]] and specifically the Christian variant. This is actually a key argument as it's the only one that isn't overtly based on subjective experience (as is his final "argument") while it ends with a conclusion in favor of the Christian God, unlike the three preceding arguments which, even if we grant Craig his conclusions, only result in some generic theistic deities, not the specific God that Craig believes in.

As with Craig's other arguments, this one contains several premises that need to be valid(ated) to reach the conclusion Craig insists is the correct one. Craig bases his conclusion that a supernatural divine intervention is the best explanation of the (supposed) resurrection of Jesus on four "facts":<ref name=EhrmanCraig>[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/is-there-historical-evidence-for-the-resurrection-of-jesus-the-craig-ehrman from Is There Historical Evidence for the Resurrection of Jesus?''] (March 2006) ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref>
#"After his crucifixion, Jesus was buried by [[Joseph of Arimathea]] in a tomb."
#"On the Sunday after the crucifixion, Jesus' tomb was found empty by a group of his women followers."
#"On different occasions and under various circumstances different individuals and groups of people experienced appearances of Jesus alive from the dead."
#"The original disciples suddenly and sincerely came to believe that Jesus was risen from the dead despite their having every predisposition to the contrary."
However, all of these "facts" are based on the {{wpl|Inference objection|hidden premise}} that the [[New Testament]] presents us with [[Biblical inerrancy|an unvarnished historical record]]&nbsp;— hardly an incontrovertible or unassailable assumption, given what else is claimed in the NT, the internal inconsistencies between the accounts, [[Q gospel|questions of dependency]] and that the accounts were hardly composed by unbiased observers and cannot be externally verified when it comes to their core claims about Jesus, his life, death and supposed resurrection. This makes it all the more bizarre that Craig steadfastly refuses<ref>[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/richard-carriers-pre-debate-comments #100 Richard Carrier's Pre-Debate Comments] (March 16, 2009) ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref> to debate the status and credibility of the source material from which he draws the "facts" that form the basis for his expansive and bombastic conclusion. Any argument for the historicity of some past event always begins with the source material, and Craig's insistence that an examination of the source material is beyond the scope of a debate on the [[historicity of Jesus]]' resurrection is simply evasion amounting to methodological special pleading. What is even odder, though, is that several reputable scholars, such as [[Bart Ehrman]] and [[Richard Carrier]], who specialise in the New Testament and take a sceptical approach (unlike Craig's fundamentally{{efn|Pun intended.}} theological one) to the NT have agreed to debate Craig on the resurrection under these absurd restrictions.

Quite apart from the dubious hidden premise that we can trust the NT to give us anything like an accurate account of Jesus' death and resurrection, one common objection to Craig's claim that Jesus' resurrection is evidence for God's existence is that any naturalistic explanation, no matter how crazy it may seem, is much more probable, not to mention plausible, than the divinely-orchestrated miraculous resurrection story. Craig addressed this objection in a debate with Bart Ehrman on the historicity of the resurrection where Craig claimed that because the resurrection was a supernatural event caused by God, such naturalistic concerns do not apply:
{{cquote|What, after all, is the resurrection hypothesis? It’s the hypothesis that Jesus rose supernaturally from the dead. It is not the hypothesis that Jesus rose naturally from the dead. That Jesus rose naturally from the dead is fantastically improbable. But I see no reason whatsoever to think that it is improbable that God raised Jesus from the dead.<ref name=EhrmanCraig/>}}
Note what Craig is doing here: He is sidestepping the objection that resurrection is an extremely improbable and implausible explanation of the events (we're granting him his "facts" for the sake of argument) by essentially saying that, yes, it is&nbsp;— [[special pleading|except]] that [[Ad hoc|because]] [[Goddidit]], it actually is [[Not even wrong|not only ''a'' probable and plausible explanation]] but [[Fractal wrongness|the ''best'' explanation]]. During the debate with Ehrman, Craig was asked as to why he rejected the miracles of Apollonius of Tyana, Honi ha-M'agel (the Circle Drawer), and Vespasian, to which Craig replied that they are "obvious legends," even though those miracle workers were contemporaneous with Jesus. Craig does not accept [[Matthew]]'s account of the solar eclipse, earthquake, veil of the Temple being ripped, and graves opening up with [[zombies]] appearing,<ref>{{bible|Matthew|27|50|53}}</ref> saying that Matthew was only using "apocalyptic imagery". Craig did not have an answer to Ehrman's question as to what historical references Craig had for the "disciples dying for their faith". To Craig's question, "Are there plausible, naturalistic explanations for the so-called Resurrection?", Ehrman mentions "one of dozens" that he could come up with, namely, that Jesus' family stole his corpse during the night after his execution to have it buried in a family tomb but were killed in the process by a [[Roman]] night watch and were all buried in a mass grave. (Another such version, popular in Eastern Europe and even praised as undisprovable in the prestigious journal “Nature”, is that [[Resurrection_of_Jesus#Impostor|the resurrection of Jesus was staged by the Romans]].) Craig can only appeal to Biblical inerrancy in his response, which he refuses to justify in light of his supposed embracing of the historical-critical methodology of New Testament scholarship.

Alternately, even if we accept the extraordinary proposition without proof that Jesus did rise from the dead, as Craig says, that assumed fact does not lead to the conclusion that Jesus was divine or that God exists, as Christopher Hitchens has pointed out.

The [[logical fallacy]] appears like this:
# Jesus died.
# Jesus rose from the dead.
#:However, we cannot without further facts and conditional statements then conclude:
# Jesus is divine or God exists.   

So, Craig claims to prove the existence of God by invoking the resurrection of Jesus, which is itself explained by presuming that God exists to supernaturally resurrect Jesus. Again, circular.

===The immediate experience of God===
This fifth and final "argument" is not an argument, and even Craig admits that:
{{cquote|This isn't really an argument for God's existence, rather it's the claim that you can [[Other ways of knowing|know God exists wholly apart from arguments simply by immediately experiencing Him]].<ref>[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/does-god-exist-the-craig-washington-debate#section_1 Does God Exist? The Craig-Washington Debate] (February 1995) ''Reasonable Faith''. This phrase is one of those that crop up verbatim in several other debates.</ref>}}
The problem is that this non-argument could be used by any believer to argue for the existence of a preferred deity or deities. As we have seen, Craig's other four arguments do not stand the test of rigorous logic or [[fact]]uality and three of them yield nothing more than bland theistic deities, while the fourth is circular and it relies on assumptions that the Bible's depiction of the events surrounding Jesus' crucifixion, death, and resurrection are historically accurate. Once the fourth argument can be discounted, Craig's only tenuous thread connecting his theistic deities from arguments 1-3 to God is his personal and highly subjective faith.

Craig is using his own subjective feelings as the basis for his claims. The [[Appeal to emotion|"deep down I think we all know it"]] argument for the existence of objective morality is a version of Craig's general elevation of faith over reason, which he most famously expressed as:
{{cquote|The way in which I know Christianity is true is first and foremost on the basis of the witness of the Holy Spirit in my heart. And this gives me self-authenticating means of knowing Christianity is true wholly apart from the evidence. And therefore, even if in some historically contingent circumstances the evidence that I have available to me should turn against Christianity, I do not think that this controverts the witness of the Holy Spirit.<ref name=DealingWithDoubt/>}}
Both in the specific case of his claim of the existence of objective moral values and in his general claim for the existence of God, Craig relies on his personal feelings and intuition, which is far from being the "reasonable faith" he claims to espouse. Craig essentially says that objective moral values exist because he thinks that they do, which proves his conclusion that God exists, and anyway if evidence contradicts his feelings then the evidence must be discounted.

Despite Craig's claim that his arguments are based on reason, all of Craig's arguments for God's existence ultimately rely on his inner personal experience of God&nbsp;— which is neither testable nor verifiable by any observer. Furthermore, Craig claims that his personal experience with his god trumps any countervailing argument or evidence he may encounter, as demonstrated in Craig's two quotes from the lead of this article about the superiority of the "witness of the Holy Spirit" to any conclusion reached by reason. These statements make a mockery out of Craig's participation in debates, because he has already declared that such debates and their reliance on arguments and evidence are utterly irrelevant to the issue of belief, and that no amount of evidence or arguments could ever make him change his mind. In a brilliant example of [[projection]], Craig adds insult to injury by claiming that the reason others don't accept his arguments for God's existence must be that ''they'' are intellectually dishonest:
{{cquote|Therefore, when a person refuses to come to Christ it is never just because of lack of evidence or because of intellectual difficulties: at root, he refuses to come because he willingly ignores and rejects the drawing of God's Spirit on his heart.  No one in the final analysis really fails to become a Christian because of lack of arguments; he fails to become a Christian because he loves darkness rather than light and wants nothing to do with God|||William Lane Craig<ref>''Reasonable Faith: Christian Truth and Apologetics'' by William Lane Craig (1994) Crossway Books. ISBN 0891077642.</ref>{{rp|35-36}}<ref name=ReasonableHallq/>}}
So even for some other Christians, Craig's argument is problematic because of its reliance on the Holy Spirit, since not all Christians believe in the Holy Spirit (nontrinitarians, such as [[Oneness Pentecostalism]] and [[Mormonism]]).

This attitude of Craig's led [[New Testament]] scholar {{wpl|Robert M. Price}} to deliver this scathing characterization of Craig's enterprise:
{{cquote|Craig, then, freely admits his conviction arises from purely subjective factors, in no whit different from the teenage Mormon door-knocker who tells you he knows the ''[[Book of Mormon]]'' was written by ancient Americans because he has a warm, swelling feeling in his stomach when he asks God if it's true. [[Fideism|Certain intellectual questions have to receive certain answers]] to be consistent with this [[Born again|revivalistic "heart-warming" experience]], so Craig [[Presuppositionalism|knows in advance]] that, e.g., {{wpl|David Strauss|Strauss}} and {{wpl|Rudolf Bultmann|Bultmann}} [[Intellectual honesty#Intellectual dishonesty|must have been wrong]]. And, [[Chewbacca Defense|like the O.J. Simpson defense team]], he will find a way to get from here to there. Craig would repudiate my analogy, but let no one who can read doubt from his words just quoted that, first, his enterprise is completely [[Circular reasoning|circular]], since it is a subjectivity described arbitrarily in terms of Christian belief (Holy Spirit, etc.) that supposedly grounds Christian belief! And, second, Craig admits the circularity of it. …<br>
If an [[Infidel|"unbeliever"]] doesn't see [[Salvation|the cogency of Craig's brand of New Testament criticism]] (the [[Bait-and-switch|same thing exactly]] as his apologetics), it can only be [[Atheism#Atheists have no morals|because he has some guilty secret to hide]] and [[Atheists hate god|doesn't want to repent and let Jesus run his life]]. If one [[Faith#Blind faith|sincerely seeks God]], Craig's arguments [[Groupthink|will mysteriously start looking pretty good to him]], like [[speaking in tongues]] as the infallible evidence of [[Kool-Aid|the infilling of the divine Spirit]]. … <br>
Craig's apologetic has embraced [[Bullshit|insincerity as a structural principal]]. The arguments are [[Charlatan|offered cynically: "whatever it takes."]] If they don't work, [[Pascal's wager|take your pick]] between [[Hell|brimstone ("God holds you accountable")]] and [[Heaven|treacle ("God still loves you")]].|||Robert M. Price<ref>[http://infidels.org/library/modern/robert_price/stinketh.html ''By This Time He Stinketh''] by Robert M. Price (1997) ''The Secular Web'.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140629035844/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gToP2XG3zss Did Jesus of Nazareth Rise from the Dead? William Lane Craig vs. Robert M. Price] (August 8, 2013) ''YouTube'' (archived from June 29, 2014).</ref>}}

==The ontological argument==
{{main|Ontological argument}}
While he usually doesn't bring it up in his debates, Craig also defends [[Alvin Plantinga]]'s modal version of the [[ontological argument]] for the existence of God.<ref>[https://www.reasonablefaith.org/podcasts/defenders-podcast-series-2/existence-of-god-part-23/existence-of-god-part-23 Existence of God (part 23)] by William Lane Craig (March 13, 2011) ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref>

==Craig and creationism==
Craig has stated that [[Young Earth creationism|<u>young Earth</u> creationism]] is an embarrassment<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pC9wokZGL8w William Lane Craig: Creationism is an Embarrassment] (Jul 16, 2013) ''YouTube''.</ref> and that Christianity is compatible with evolution,<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRpJbON6KzM Is Evolution an Issue with Christians?] by drcraigvideos (Feb 24, 2012) ''YouTube''</ref> much to the chagrin of fundies.<ref>[http://creation.com/william-lane-craig-vs-creation William Lane Craig’s intellectually dishonest attack on biblical creationists] by Jonathan Sarfati (17 September 2013) ''Creation Ministries International''.</ref>

However, Craig wouldn't be Craig if he didn't talk out of both corners of his mouth on the topic of evolution too; so Craig also denies that [[macroevolution]] is true,<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUsMHSeWvaA William Lane Craig vs Lewis Wolpert 12/12] (Feb 12, 2009) ''YouTube''.</ref> and has defended [[Intelligent Design]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170601033023/http://www.reasonablefaith.org/is-intelligent-design-viable-the-craig-ayala-debate#section_2 Is Intelligent Design Viable: William Lane Craig vs. Francisco Ayala] (November 2009) ''Reasonable Faith'' (archived from June 1, 2017).</ref> Craig answering a fellow believer's worries about evolution being incompatible with Christianity by claiming that the ''"neo-Darwinian paradigm"'' is ''"so speculative and so weakly confirmed"'' and supporting this claim by citing ID nonsense and [[Alvin Plantinga]]'s anti-naturalism [[Bullshit|BS]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121017143453/http://www.reasonablefaith.org/scepticism-about-the-neo-darwinian-paradigm Scepticism about the Neo-Darwinian Paradigm] by William Lane Craig, ''Reasonable Faith'' (archived from October 17, 2012).</ref> He also believes that [[Adam and Eve]] existed and were the first two humans from whom all subsequent humans descended. He thus posits that (micro)evolution happened, but that the [[Population bottleneck|genetic bottleneck]] in human genetic history was just two people and then reverts to ID talking points.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150324110233/http://www.patheos.com/blogs/hallq/2013/02/william-lane-craig-young-earth-creationism-is-an-embarrassment/ William Lane Craig: young-earth creationism is an embarrassment] by Chris Hallquist (February 17, 2013) ''The Uncredible Hallq'' (archived from March 24, 2015).</ref>

==Craig's debating tactics and criticism of opponents== 
[[File:William Lane Craig.jpg|thumb|right|225px|Craig's official portrait from 2014.]]
Given that Craig's arguments are easily debunked, it may seem surprising that he's often touted as having "won" debates against well-known opponents. However, a major reason for this perception is that Craig makes heavy use of aggressive U.S. high school debating tactics, something which most of his opponents are too polite to either stoop to or to call out (one exception was the blunt denunciation of Craig's tactics by [[Lawrence Krauss]]<ref>[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/life-the-universe-and-nothing-has-science-buried-god Life, the Universe, and Nothing (I): Has Science Buried God?] (August 2013) ''Reasonable Faith''. "Now, Dr. Craig is much more refined and intelligent than that man, I can say, having spent time with him. But that doesn’t mean he doesn’t use the same techniques. When you can’t check his facts or he doesn’t think you know them, he will lie."</ref>). Unless the audience is attuned to the polite phrasing usually employed in academia, the severity of the criticism leveled against Craig by his opponents can easily be missed.

Furthermore, Craig doesn't shy away from reaching into the same bag of disreputable tricks used by (other) apologists and the reader should take note that the list below is not meant to be exhaustive, but merely indicative of Craig's general level of duplicitous shiftiness when it comes to trying whatever it takes to "win" a debate:

===The Gish Gallop===
{{main|Gish Gallop}}
While it may not be immediately obvious, Craig's 5 arguments for God's/god's existence amount to an example of the Gish Gallop, containing a hailstorm of misrepresentations and dubious statements, wrapped up in a few obvious facts. Since rebutting statements takes up more of his opponent's time than it took him to deliver them, he later is able to list out those statements of his that were not replied to, owing to the strictly controlled format and time limit in most debating environments. Craig's 5 arguments may seem to be a simple and short list, but they each contain multiple and highly dubious premises, and not only the formal ones stated by Craig, but also several underlying premises, such as the assumption that the Bible presents a trustworthy account of the death and resurrection of Jesus. Furthermore, Craig's 5 arguments draw on widely disparate academic disciplines such as [[cosmology]]/[[physics]]/[[mathematics]] (the KCA and teleological arguments), (moral) philosophy, theology, history and even psychology and anthropology (which you need to delve into when addressing Craig's moral and personal faith claims). Just as the late [[Duane Gish]], Craig will insist that if his opponent doesn't address each of his claims and in the exact way Craig has defined them, the opponent will have conceded Craig's point.

===Straw manning and misrepresentation===
Craig is a big fan of [[straw man]]ning opponents and likes to respond to them with an undertone of humour, thereby lessening the credibility of both. After straw manning and misrepresenting his opponent's views, he then sets down his own set of points that he feels his opponent must prove in order to support his position. In most cases, those views have nothing to do with his opponent's position and are completely different from what his opponent was going to assert. These points are usually absurd and tailored to back the opponent into a corner. 
*If his opponent chooses not to toe Craig's line and instead asserts his own points, Craig can then later list out his own twisted caricatures of his opponent's views as points his opponent has failed to assert.
*If his opponent chooses to try to prove Craig's points, he can rebut them easily as he frames them in an extremely biased way which makes them difficult or impossible to support.

YouTuber A Roaming Freethinker (née nooneleftalivekibo) has put together a list entitled ''The Strongest Case for William Lane Craig's Dishonesty''<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_37cu0LXR1OH65o6rZox9ocFiagiDi0f ''The Strongest Case for William Lane Craig's Dishonesty''] a YouTube playlist by 
nooneleftalivekibo
 
The Passionate William Lane Craig Fan
 A Roaming Freethinker</ref> where Craig's versions of other scholars' opinions are contrasted with their actual words.

Atheist blogger Chris Hallquist, who has written extensively on Craig, has also compiled a list of Craig's misrepresentations.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130125033336/http://www.patheos.com/blogs/hallq/2012/07/documenting-william-lane-craigs-lies-about-his-opponents Chris Hallquist, ''Documenting William Lane Craig’s lies about his opponents: a reply to Jeff Lowder''] from the blog ''The Uncredible Hallq'', July 31, 2012</ref>

Atheist philosopher {{wpl|Stephen Law}} debated Craig in 2011 where he suggested that Craig's arguments for the existence of a good God could equally well support the existence of an [[maltheism|evil God]] and highlighted the [[hypocrisy]] of accepting the former conclusion while rejecting the latter as patently absurd. During the debate, Craig presented as an objection to the "evil god challenge" the fact that theists don't infer the goodness of god on the base of the good in the world. Law pointed out several times during the debate that he never said that and it was just a strawman. Some time after the debate, Craig wrote a blog post on the evil god challenge, and guess what: he used that same objection again ("Law mistakenly seems to think that the theist arrives at the conclusion that the Creator/Designer is good by an inductive survey of the world’s events"). Of course, Craig knew at that time that he was just attacking a strawman: the first time might have been a mistake, but the other times he was intentionally attacking a strawman (or he has amnesia..). <ref> Stephen Law [http://stephenlaw.blogspot.kr/2011/11/craigs-website-response-re-our-debate.html ''Craig's website response re our debate''], November 7, 2011</ref>

[[Sam Harris]] was straw manned by Craig in their 2011 debate and called the audience's attention to what Craig was attempting to do:
{{cquote|[Harris] Now, I’m obviously not saying that all that Dr. Craig, or all religious people, are [[psychopath]]s and [[psychotic]]s, but this to me is the true horror of religion. It allows perfectly decent and sane people to believe by the billions, what only lunatics could believe on their own.

[Craig] He also says it’s “psychopathic” to believe these things. Now, that remark is just as stupid as it is insulting. It is absurd to think that Peter van Inwagen here at the University of Notre Dame is psychopathic, or that a guy like Dr. Tom Flint, who is as gracious a Christian gentlemen as I could have ever met, is psychopathic. Uh, this is simply, uh, below the belt.

[Harris] Well, you, uh, perhaps you’ve noticed Dr. Craig has a charming habit of summarizing his opponent’s points in a way in which they were not actually given, so I will leave it to you to sort it out on [[YouTube]]. Needless to say, I didn’t call those esteemed colleagues of his psychopaths, as I made clear.<ref>[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/is-the-foundation-of-morality-natural-or-supernatural-the-craig-harris Transcript of the 2011 Is the Foundation of Morality Natural or Supernatural? The Craig-Harris Debate] (April 2011) ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref>{{efn|See also this YouTube video by the aforementioned A Roaming Freethinker which contrasts Harris' words with Craig's misrepresentation as well as Harris subsequently calling out Craig's straw manning.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wACrnKD6exY&index=3&list=PL_37cu0LXR1OH65o6rZox9ocFiagiDi0f William Lane Craig Smears Sam Harris] by A Roaming Freethinker (Feb 1, 2014) ''YouTube''.</ref>}}}}

===Name-dropping/Arguments from authority===
Craig frequently [[Argument from authority|name-drops]] and has a barrage of well-rehearsed quotes in which he refers to the works of famous scientists, historians, theologians and apologists, in lieu of presenting an actual rebuttal to his opponent's statements. This usually takes the form of "My opponent's arguments have already been replied to by XYZ famous writer, hence I will just make a statement that it is invalid, without actually telling you what that rebuttal is." This is the height of intellectual dishonesty because:
*He completely ignores the fact that he is the one who is debating, not some long-dead writer.
*Some vague reference to a rebuttal is not an actual rebuttal, [[Sophistry|though it seems valid in the eyes of the spectators]].

===Quote mining and cherry picking===
It's well worth checking out each and every quote Craig dishes out in his name-dropping spree as he [[quote mine]]s and [[Cherry picking|cherry picks]] extensively. This allows him to present his opponents' past statements out of context, and out of line of any recent historical and scientific developments. Indeed, it is clear that he uses public resources (e.g. YouTube) to gauge public opinion about his opponent, and this allows him to subtly attack his opponents' reputation and character. For example, he praises Bart Ehrman for a minor shift in opinion that he made years before the debate date, and he is thus able to convince the audience that the morally and scientifically proper thing for Ehrman to do is to continue to shift towards Craig's position. Similarly, Craig has quote mined an old interview with physicist {{wpl|John Stewart Bell}} to make it seem as if Bell supported Craig's "Neo-Lorentzianism",<ref>[https://www.reasonablefaith.org/writings/scholarly-writings/divine-eternity/god-and-real-time God and Real Time] by William Lane Craig, ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref> rather than an Einsteinian theory of time.<ref>Craig was taken to task for this by Yuri Balashov & Michael Janssen, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3541972?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Critical notice presentism and relativity] (2003) ''The British Journal for the Philosophy of Sciences'' 54(2):327-346.</ref><ref>[http://counterapologist.blogspot.com/2013/01/countering-kalam-circular-and.html Countering the Kalam (4) - Circular and Unscientific] (January 10, 2013) ''Counter Apologist''.</ref><ref>[http://counterapologist.blogspot.com/2013/07/misunderstandings-regarding-craig-kalam.html Misunderstandings regarding Craig, Kalam, and Relativity] (July 18, 2013) ''Counter Apologist''.</ref> In reality, Bell was talking about pedagogical approaches to teaching physics and the original source includes this very clear statement against adopting Lorentz's view of physics:
{{Cquote|And we need not accept Lorentz's philosophy to accept a Lorentzian pedagogy. Its special merit is to drive home the lesson that the laws of physics in any ''one'' reference frame account for all physical phenomena, including the observations of moving observers. And its often simpler to work in a single frame, rather than to hurry after each moving object in turn.||| John S. Bell<ref>''Quantum Mechanics, High Energy Physics and Accelerators: Selected Papers of John S Bell (With Commentary)'', edited by Mary Bell, Kurt Gottfried, and Martinus Veltman (1995) World Scientific. ISBN 9810221150.</ref>{{rp|764}}}}

Another quote mine of Craig's is the rather, ahem, "selective" use of atheist philosopher Kai Nielsen to shift the [[burden of proof]] onto those who don't accept Craig's religious beliefs using the following excerpt: "To show that an argument is invalid or unsound is not to show that the conclusion of the argument is false. All the proofs of God's existence may fail, but it still may be the case that God exists. In short, to show that the proofs do not work is not enough, by itself."<ref>[https://www.reasonablefaith.org/media/debates/does-god-exist-the-craig-tooley-debate Does God Exist? The Craig-Tooley Debate] (November 1994) ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref><ref>[https://www.reasonablefaith.org/media/debates/does-god-exist-the-craig-persson-debate Does God Exist? The Craig-Persson Debate] (March 1999) 'Reasonable Faith''.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-NF-LlVFHM Is Belief in God Reasonable? Arif Ahmed vs William Lane Craig Debate] in the video of Craig's debate with Arif Ahmed] (Nov 6, 2011) ''YouTube''.</ref> Here comes the full version, including the original italics, with Craig's quote mine highlighted in bold:
{{cquote|First, as J. J. C. Smart points out, if the arguments for the existence of God are shown to be unsound, it does not ''follow'' that God does not exist. What does follow is that the arguments do not disprove the atheist's claim that God does not exist or answer the [[agnostic]]'s question about the existence of God by showing that God does exist. '''To show that an argument is invalid or unsound is not to show that the ''conclusion of the argument is false''.''' It is only to show that the argument does not warrant our asserting the conclusion to be true. '''All the proofs of God's existence ''may'' fail, but it still may be the case that God exists.''' It may still even be the case that God's existence will someday be proved, for someone may think up a new proof that will not fail. That such an argument has yet to emerge gives us reasons to be sceptical, but it does not give us sufficient grounds for saying that it is impossible to give such an argument. '''In short, to show that the proofs do not work is not enough, by itself''', to destroy faith. After all these years of religious discussion, if none of the proofs work, we are in a position to assert justifiably that since the proofs are unsound it is not correct to assert that belief and unbelief are on par and that in such a situation one can justifiably believe what one wants to believe. Rather, in such a situation belief is on the defensive, and the burden of proof is on the believer to give us some reason for believing in God. After all, if there is no ''evidence'' for the existence of God, then the probability that He exists is very low. We most certainly cannot justifiably assert that belief in His existence is on a par with disbelief, if there is no evidence at all for believing that He exists.

We cannot, strictly speaking, disprove the existence of [[Santa Claus]] or [[unicorn]]s, either, but the probability of their existence is, to put it conservatively, rather low. If there is no evidence that there is a God, we can have no rational reason for believing that He exists, while we have very good reasons for believing that He does not exist, namely, that there is no evidence at all for the existence of a putative reality bearing the extraordinary descriptions given to God. Thus, it is not fair to assert, given the failure of the proofs, that belief and disbelief are on a par. If the proofs fail and if the appeal to religious experience provides no evidence that there is a God, the burden is on the believer to provide some other reason for belief in God.||| Kai Nielsen<ref>''Reason and Practice: A Modern Introduction to Philosophy'' by Kai Nielsen (1971) Harper & Row. ISBN 0060448369.</ref>{{rp|143-144}}}}
Whereas Craig's quote mine makes it seem as if Nielsen is prepared to let Christian apologists win by default and reversing the [[burden of proof]] as if the [[null hypothesis]] is that God exists, it is clear that Nielsen is arguing the exact opposite: That apologists' conspicuous lack of success in lifting their burden of proof, despite the long history and variety of their efforts, makes the non-existence of God a more plausible conclusion and thus non-belief the more reasonable stance. What makes Craig's selective quote even less excusable (by making an honest mistake an unlikely cause) is that Craig should have been well aware of Nielsen's views at the time that he started using this quote mine, having debated Nielsen as early as 1991.<ref>[https://www.reasonablefaith.org/media/debates/does-god-exist-the-craig-nielsen-debate Does God Exist? The Craig-Nielsen Debate] (February 1991) ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref>

===Appeal to emotion, ad hominem and argument by assertion===
{{main|1=Appeal to emotion|3=Ad hominem|5=Argument by assertion}}
Craig not only appeals to emotions when trying to use the audience's [[Truthiness|"gut feeling"]] to make his moral argument seem more than a simple argument by assertion, he also tries to paint his opponent as a bumbling moron while he's the supposed academic scholar. When his opponents take objection to his tactics, he can accuse them of bluster. He disses [[New Atheist]] authors such as [[Richard Dawkins]] and [[Sam Harris]] as:
*[[Ad hominem|Non-intellectual]].
*[[Atheism#Misconceptions about atheists|Angry and bitter against religion]].

While Craig likes to boast that he is a "professional philosopher" and that he engages in "academic" debates which concentrate on the arguments, not on personalities, Craig has also stated that while Dawkins may be a good scientist, he is a "layman" in philosophy and theology and ''[[The God Delusion]]'' is a "''very unsophisticated book. As a philosopher, I was just appalled by the arguments he offers in that book. It is an embarrassment, really, I think''." Curiously, this dismissal of "layman" non-specialists' opinions seems [[Hypocrisy|not to apply to Craig himself]], as he constantly appeals to physics and other scientific disciplines in his arguments and has even attacked [[Stephen Hawking]] for the latter's positions on cosmology.<ref name=granddesign>[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/the-grand-design-truth-or-fiction ''The Grand Design'' — Truth or Fiction?] by William Lane Craig, ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref> Craig, in his essay, is quivering with self-righteous indignation over Hawking and {{wpl|Leonard Mlodinow}} for criticising philosophy. Craig deplores these non-philosophers wading onto his turf, completely (and conveniently) forgetting that [[Hypocrisy|he himself does this all the time]], lecturing specialists in fields as diverse as [[astronomy]], [[physics]], [[biology]], [[chemistry]], [[Earth science]], [[anthropology]], [[archaeology]], [[history]], and [[New Testament]] studies about how wrong they are.<ref name=granddesign/>{{efn|A Roaming Freethinker has also called Craig out for misrepresenting Hawking and Mlodinow's position on {{wpl|model-dependent realism}}&nbsp;— but by this point no one should be surprised.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&list=PL_37cu0LXR1OH65o6rZox9ocFiagiDi0f&v=3UoMk6JUIVo William Lane Craig Misrepresents Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow] by A Roaming Freethinker (Jan 23, 2014) ''YouTube''.</ref>}}

Craig has repeatedly attempted to cajole, harass and defame Dawkins into a debate. Dawkins has consistently refused to do so, on the grounds that "That would look great on your CV, not so good on mine".<ref name=dawkins>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/oct/20/richard-dawkins-william-lane-craig Why I refuse to debate with William Lane Craig: This Christian 'philosopher' is an apologist for genocide. I would rather leave an empty chair than share a platform with him] byy Richard Dawkins (20 Oct 2011 05.00 EDT) ''The Guardian''.</ref> In 2011, Craig proposed to place an empty chair on a stage in Oxford to symbolize Dawkins' absence.<ref name=dawkins/> Dawkins offered not only not to appear in Oxford, but also not to appear in several other British cities that same evening, and published a grimly surgical dissection of Craig's views on the divinely-ordered massacres in [[Deuteronomy]] ({{bible|Deuteronomy|20|13|17}}). (Craig's opinion is that the Canaanites had it coming, but that [[PTSD]] among the [[Israelite]] fighters is a bit of a worry.)<ref name=dawkins/>

A less odious but equally fallacious variant of the appeal to emotions is Craig's heavy reliance on [[intuition pump]]s, playing on our everyday experience of our surroundings and then applying these experiences in contexts where they're either highly unlikely to or certainly don't apply. Or, as [[Daniel Dennett]] described this particular tactic of Craig's:
{{Cquote|What Professor Craig does, brilliantly and with a wonderful enthusiasm, is he takes our everyday intuitions — our gut feelings about what’s plausible, what’s counterintuitive, what couldn’t possibly be true — and he cantilevers them out into territory where they’ve never been tested, in cosmology where whatever the truth is, it’s mindboggling.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121007044837/http://www.patheos.com/blogs/camelswithhammers/2009/09/on-the-possible-god-of-philosophy-and-cosmology-vs-the-personal-historical-god-of-faith/ On The Possible God Of Philosophy And Cosmology Vs. The Personal, Historical God Of Faith] by Daniel Fincke (September 5, 2009) ''Patheos'' (archived from October 7, 2012).</ref><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wb10QvaHpS4 Daniel Dennett on William Lane Craig] (Aug 12, 2009) ''YouTube''.</ref>}}

===Exploiting the debating format===
If able, Craig will twist or ignore the rules of the debate (if any) and this gives him an advantage over his opponent, who is usually civilized enough to stick to the format. He takes a very brief part of his opening statement to state his own views, and takes the majority of the time speaking against his opponent. This has the following effects:
*He is able to misrepresent his opponent's views before his opponent has had the chance to present them himself.
*By the time his opponent presents his points, [[Poisoning the well|the audience already has Craig's rebuttals in their mind, and hence they cannot truly analyze them objectively.]]
*He is able to start his rebuttal period with a statement to the effect that he has not heard any rebuttals to his points, completely ignoring the fact that the time period for his opponent's rebuttals is yet to arrive.
*By the time his opponent begins his rebuttal, he is virtually back to his starting position in the audience's mind, due to Craig's double rebuttal.
*Since he states his arguments very briefly, his opponent lacks sufficient ammunition to rebut them in any detail. Indeed, this lack of detail in his initial arguments allows him to present qualifications for them after his opponents have presented counterarguments. This provides the illusion of an adequate rebuttal and makes it looks as if his opponent has misunderstood or misinterpreted his points.
*Craig's "Little Show" about the historicity of Jesus' resurrection relies entirely on Craig's insistence on the precondition that the historical reliability of the sources for the resurrection (spoiler: this means the [[New Testament]]) should ''not'' be part of the debate. This is, of course, a bizarre demand that instantly renders any discussion of the topic meaningless, since it's exactly the dubious reliability of the sources that is the main reason for rejecting the resurrection story.

===Equivocation===
Craig loves to switch back and forth between arguing for a god and God. Due to the way in which the propositional statements of most controlled debates are framed, Craig is almost never in a position in which he has to simultaneously prove the existence of a god, and the assertion that the god is in fact the [[Abrahamic religion|Abrahamic god]]. 
*This is advantageous for him because 3 of his 5 arguments (the KCA, teleological and moral arguments) do not point to the existence of the Abrahamic god and could, in principle, be used to argue in favor of the existence of any number of supernatural entities.
*Since his arguments for the Abrahamic god are extremely weak compared to his general arguments for a god, he never uses that line of argument against competent opponents like Sam Harris and Christopher Hitchens, and only unleashes them against opponents who, at least in principle, believe in a higher power.
*Another benefit in these oral debates is that the audience [[Equivocation|cannot hear if there is a capital ''"G"'' in ''"God"/"god"'']] leading to an [[Confirmation bias|impression]] that Craig has argued for the Christian ''"God"'', rather than a generic ''"god"''. It also provides Craig with flexibility: [[Motte and bailey|If challenged, he can emphasise]] that he's '''not''' arguing for God/Yahweh, but a generic deity. If not challenged, it can easily appear to the audience that Craig has indeed argued for God/Yahweh.
*In his debates on the existence of God/god(s) (as opposed to those solely on the historicity of the resurrection) Craig will even play on this conflation between generic deities and his Christian God by claiming that his arguments form a "cumulative case" for the existence of the Christian God. This is [[Bullshit|blatantly false]] as Craig's only argument for the latter is the circular one in which he posits that the historicity of the resurrection of Jesus is plausible due to God's intervention, while he simultaneously claims that it proves the existence of God.<ref>[https://www.reasonablefaith.org/question-answer/P40/circularity-and-evidence-for-jesus-resurrection #268 Circularity and Evidence for Jesus’ Resurrection] (June 03, 2012) ''Reasonable Faith''. Here, Craig disingenuously argues why this isn't blatantly circular.</ref> Once this argument is dismissed, none of the other arguments are in any way cumulative, though Craig's audience, raised in [[monotheistic]] cultures, [[Confirmation bias|can easily get that impression]].

===Decision-card mentality===
At the end of all of his debates, Craig will "tie together some of the the threads of the debate" while asking the audience to "draw some conclusions…" Of course, that's the mindset of evangelical Christian fundamentalists with their ''decision-card'' mentality.{{efn|Decision cards are used by evangelists to join their church and/or nudge people into accepting Jesus as their savior.}} All of Craig's opponents will, no doubt, encourage their audiences to continue thinking while [[Do your own research|researching for themselves]]!

===False dichotomy between atheism and agnosticism===
Craig tries to make a sharp distinction between a-theism ("not theism") and a-gnosticism ("not [[gnosticism]]"), notwithstanding the fact that the term "agnostic atheist" dates from the 19<sup>th</sup>-century.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/agnosticism00flinuoft/page/n1/mode/2up?q=%22agnostic+atheism%22 ''Agnosticism''] by Robert Flint (1903) William Blackwood and Sons. The Croall Lecture for 1887-88.</ref>{{rp|49,339,525}} Also it's worth pointing out that "agnostic" doesn't ''mean'' "not gnostic" in the first place: it comes from the Greek ''agnōstos'', meaning "unknown", so his "not gnostic" premise is a non-starter.

A great quote from the late Carl Sagan from his book ''Contact'' sums things up nicely, "[Do you believe in God?] has a [[Loaded question|peculiar structure]]. If I answer 'No,' does this mean I’m convinced God doesn’t exist, or do I mean I’m not convinced he does exist? Those are two very different positions."<ref>''Contact'' by Carl Sagan (1986) Pocket. ISBN 0671434225.</ref>{{rp|168}} Craig loves to erect a false dichotomy between knowledge and belief, but yet most atheists are completely comfortable with "not knowing" while "not believing" and do not see any contradiction between either sphere of human understanding.

===Gibberish statements===
In his debate with Professor Sean Carroll of the California Institute of Technology,<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0qKZqPy9T8 William Lane Craig and Sean Carroll | "God and Cosmology" | 2014 Greer Heard Forum] (Mar 3, 2014) ''YouTube''.</ref> Craig says the following just after the 1:18:00 mark: "he [Dr. Carroll] has to justify some non-standard measure of [[probability]]…" This statement is pure [[Argument by gibberish|gibberish]], which Craig has never attempted to justify, let alone quantify.  This is a typical example of where Craig loves to throw things up against the wall to see if it "sticks" or not!

===Ad hoc, escape hatches, special pleading, and hand waving===
{{main|1=Ad hoc|3=Escape hatch|5=Special pleading|7=Handwave}}
Craig has used all of these tactics at various points, but his argument for the KCA and the impossibility of infinite sets existing in physical reality (as opposed to in mathematics) contains all of them:
*First he creates the [[escape hatch]] that only things that ''begin to'' exist need a cause to avoid the infinite regression of who created God etc., but as it becomes clear that only God didn't begin to exist this is actually a piece of [[special pleading]] to make God exempt from the general premise that Craig is basing his KCA on.
*Craig then moves on to pre-empt the universe being substituted for God as the only thing that didn't begin to exist by insisting that since the consequences of an infinitely old, i.e. eternal, universe lead to conclusions that seem absurd and contradictory to him, the universe must've had a finite past. However, this gives Craig the problem that an eternal God would face the same difficulties as an eternal universe, so instead Craig (re)defines God as [[Ad hoc|timeless]]&nbsp;— a rather murky concept which apparently allows God to [[Hand wave|pop into time]] whenever it's theologically convenient.
Craig has also stated that his methodology for justifying the existence of god is deliberately sub-standard.  During an episode of his ''Reasonable Faith'' podcast, he was asked: “Christianity is not just a set of propositions that one holds, but it's a faith-practice, a way of life. With that in mind, wouldn't the smart thing to do is require very high epistemic standards before one decides they will dedicate their life to Christ?”
His response was to state:
{{cquote| When I first heard the message of the Gospel as a non-Christian high school student, that my sins could be forgiven by God, that God loved me, he loved Bill Craig, and that I could come to know him and experience eternal life with God, I thought to myself (and I'm not kidding) I thought if there is just one chance in a million that this is true it's worth believing. So my attitude toward this is just the opposite of Kyle's. Far from raising the bar or the epistemic standard that Christianity must meet to be believed, I lower it. <ref>[https://www.reasonablefaith.org/media/reasonable-faith-podcast/questions-on-quantum-mechanics-certainty-and-extreme-resistance ''Reasonable Faith with William Lane Craig,''] July 18, 2022</ref>}}
This has led to his new nickname of “Low-Bar Bill.”

===Dubious use of scholarship/Use of dubious scholarship===
In a cross-over between [[Deceit|misrepresentation]] and quote mining, Craig has supported some of his most dubious claims about the consensus of scholarship or trends in an academic field with some rather suspect (use of) sources. A case in point is Craig's claim about the majority of New Testament scholars agreeing that Jesus' tomb was found empty after his crucifixion. First of all, the title of "New Testament scholar" is practically always synonymous with "theologian" and if Craig wants to argue for the ''historicity'' of the resurrection, shouldn't he be asking ''historians''? Even if we ignore the problematic issues of basing the historicity of the empty tomb story on the consensus among theologians, Craig has used two sources for this claim, each with their own particular problems:
#Originally, Craig relied on the 1977 book, ''Die Osterevangelien: Geschichten um Geschichte'',<ref>''Die Osterevangelien: Geschichten um Geschichte'' by Jacob Kremer (1981) Verlag Katholisches Bibelwerk. ISBN 3460314818.</ref> by the German theologian and Catholic priest {{wplang|de|Jacob Kremer}}. It's quite unclear whether Kremer actually conducted anything like a rigorous survey of New Testament scholarship, so later Craig has switched to a more recent source.
#Today, it seems that Craig's preferred source is fellow evangelical apologist [[Gary Habermas]]' 2006 [[meta-analysis]] of New Testament scholarship, but that is a highly problematic source,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140217234540/http://www.patheos.com/blogs/crossexamined/2014/02/scholarly-consensus-for-the-jesus-resurrection/ Scholarly Consensus for the Resurrection?] by Bob Seidensticker (February 17, 2014) ''Cross Examined'' (archived from March 5, 2014).</ref> especially when used as the cornerstone of Craig's case for the historicity of the resurrection:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130910043437/http://www.patheos.com/blogs/hallq/2012/08/why-craigs-case-for-the-resurrection-is-dishonest Why Craig's case for the resurrection is dishonest] by Chris Hallquist (August 2, 2012) ''The Uncredible Hallq'' (archived from October 17, 2014).</ref>
#*Habermas doesn't say which papers he's surveyed to get that figure and he also includes unpublished material. 
#*Habermas seems only to have counted papers in which the author either supports that there was an empty tomb or says that there was not an empty tomb, and disregards authors who think that we cannot know, with the available evidence, whether there was an empty tomb (i.e. the [[excluded middle]] fallacy).
#*According to Habermas, 75% of the scholars he surveyed supported the empty tomb story, but this is hardly an indication of an "overwhelming majority"&nbsp;— [[Godwin's Law|imagine]] if 25% of historians [[Holocaust denial|doubted the historicity]] of the [[Holocaust]] or if 25% of astrophysicists (or of [[NASA]] employees) [[Moon landing hoax|doubted the historicity]] of the Apollo landings.
#*Considering that "NT scholar" is essentially synonymous with "theologian" and that these are overwhelmingly professing Christians, the community is apt to be extremely sympathetic to an interpretation that dovetails with Christian scriptures. Thus, Habermas' conclusion might as well be rendered as: "A sizeable minority of Christian scholars admit that there probably wasn't an empty tomb."
However, relying on two sources, one of them a decades old theology book in German, once again provides Craig flexibility, such as when he debated [[Richard Carrier]] on the historicity of the resurrection. Here, Carrier had prepared a scathing criticism of this key claim in Craig's argument for the resurrection by picking apart Habermas' methodology, but Craig simply replied that he was relying on Kremer, not Habermas as if just bantering Kremer's name about made the claim about scholarly consensus self-evidently true and unassailable. Given that Craig hasn't hesitated to rely on Habermas' far more recent study elsewhere, it's hardly a leap of faith to suspect that Craig's switch back to Kremer was merely a convenient escape hatch to avoid any discussion of the data underpinning Craig's insistence that the consensus of NT scholars backs him up.

==Craig denied the number zero==
In his debate with Peter Millican, a philosopher at Oxford University, Craig said (beginning at the 1:18:00 mark) that the "number [[zero]] probably does not exist".<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEw8VzzXcjE William Lane Craig vs Peter Millican: "Does God Exist?", Birmingham University, October 2011] (Dec 15, 2011) ''YouTube''.</ref> Just prior to that and in other debates, Craig treats the concept of infinite sets as being ''equinumerous'', a view that was popular among mathematicians prior to the proofs of Georg Cantor, but which have been universally abandoned among all mathematicians.  While he incorrectly cites the {{wpl|Borde–Guth–Vilenkin theorem|BGV theorem}} as supporting an "absolute beginning" to the Universe, Craig rejects ''Cantor's theorem'', a mathematical proof that relies upon no physical presuppositions about the Cosmos, which is the case with the BGV theorem, which assumes a 4-dimension Lorentzian metric on a pseudo-Riemannian manifold where superluminal information exchange ("faster than light" communication) is a physical impossibility, hence, the past incompleteness of certain geodesics in inflationary models of the Universe.<ref name=borde>https://arxiv.org/PS_cache/gr-qc/pdf/0110/0110012v2.pdf Inflationary spacetimes are not past-complete] by Arvind Borde, Alan H. Guth, Alexander Vilenkin (2003) ''ArXiv''. doi:10.48550/arXiv.gr-qc/0110012. The original BGV Theorem "uncensored"</ref> Craig rejects Vilenkin's naturalistic model of the Universe which he says that he "interacts with",<ref>[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/honesty-transparency-full-disclosure-and-bgv-theorem #336 “Honesty, Transparency, Full Disclosure” and the Borde-Guth-Vilenkin Theorem] (September 23, 2013) ''Reasonable Faith''. A 2013 email from Vilenkin to Craig.</ref> but, in fact, outright rejects.<ref>[http://www.leaderu.com/offices/billcraig/docs/smith.html The Caused Beginning of the Universe: A Response to Quentin Smith] by William Lane Craig, ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref> Of course, Dr. Craig does not reveal to any of his audiences that he thinks that some of Vilenkin's ideas are fundamentally flawed. For instance, Vilenkin subscribes to multiverse theory, which Craig is himself critical of.<ref>{{wpa|Multiverse#Proponents and skeptics}}</ref> In his debate with Professor Alex Rosenberg, Craig states, "Even if our universe is just a tiny part of a so-called multiverse composed of many universes their (the BGV) theorem requires that the multiverse itself must have had an absolute beginning."<ref>[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/debate-transcript-is-faith-in-god-reasonable#ixzz4vyboZYug Is Faith in God Reasonable? William Lane Craig vs. Dr. Rosenberg] (February 2013) ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref> However, the BGV theorem<ref name=borde/> nowhere contains the word "multiverse" nor does it make any reference to it whatsoever. This is a ''prima facie'' example of Craig [[PIDOOMA|making things up]] to suit his "argument of the moment".

===Misunderstanding of transfinite arithmetic===
In his debate with Millican and elsewhere, Craig claimed that "infinity minus infinity is undefined in transfinite arithmetic..."  This claim is abjectly false&nbsp;— in transfinite arithmetic, infinity minus infinity is ''indeterminate''. A mathematical operation that is indeterminate has more than one solution,<ref>{{wpa|Indeterminate system}}</ref> in many instances, an infinite number of solutions, but such is typical. Consider the following equation: 2x + 3y = 16. Under the set of real numbers, there are an infinite number of solutions, that is, values of 'x' and 'y' that will make the equation true. But, there is absolutely nothing wrong with this; in physics, one can have a general solution to a differential equation, and from there, the initial conditions will specify the particular solution of the equations. This is fundamentally different than saying that something is ''undefined'', which means that there is '''no''' solution to the problem. Craig's understanding of set theory, and mathematics, in general, is woefully inadequate.

The idea of a countably infinite set (such as Penrose's ''Conformal cyclic cosmology'' model)<ref>{{wpa|Conformal cyclic cosmology}}</ref> is simply an example of a veridical [[paradox]],<ref>{{wpa|Paradox#Quine's classification}}</ref> such as the Monty Hall problem<ref>{{wpa|Monty Hall problem}}</ref> or Hilbert's Hotel.<ref>{{wpa|Hilbert's paradox of the Grand Hotel}}</ref> A veridical paradox is one which produces a result that appears absurd, but is demonstrated to be true nevertheless.

====A demonstration of the indeterminacy of infinity minus infinity====
Knowledge about a 1-1 correspondence is required to grasp the concept of infinity. 

Suppose Hilbert’s hotel has an infinite number of rooms and infinite number of guests are booked into the hotel. By common sense, it seems like the hotel is fully booked right? Wrong. Infinite sets just defy logic. Suppose there was another guest who wanted to book into the hotel, all the hotel staff have to do is just shift guest in room number 1 to the next, the guest in room number two to the third and so on… So by this logic ∞+1=∞.

Similarly, ∞−1=∞. Just remove the guest from room number 1 and shift the remaining guests to the predecessor of their room numbers. You still have an infinite number of guests.

Let’s apply the logic to the problem. Seemingly, ∞−∞=0.

But suppose we remove the guests which are present in the rooms having an odd number(1,3,5…..) we still have infinite number of guests. So we get ∞−∞=∞.

Let’s remove all the guests except the ones present in the first 50 rooms. So, ∞−∞=50. [[Quod erat demonstrandum|QED]], ∞−∞ is indeterminate.

===Appeal to the now-discredited Opera experiment===
During the debate with Millican, Craig appeals to the now-discredited Opera experiment<ref>{{wpa|OPERA experiment}}</ref> to support the idea of "absolute simultaneity" of events. Craig is a proponent of the long-abandoned neo-Lorentzian conception of "relativity",<ref>{{wpa|Lorentz ether theory}}</ref> which enjoys no support (including from Vilenkin) among physicists alive today.

==Now, try an experiment==
Switch to {{wpl|William Lane Craig|Craig's Wikipedia entry}} — note the difference between that page and his [[RationalWiki]] page that you are now reading? Unfortunately, Wikipedia's article on Craig reads like a puff piece. This is due to several factors — one partisan and three systemic.

To start with, Craig's fans have been systematically adding positive stuff and phrases to make it appear that Craig isn't some crappy apologist (no matter his Ph.D.s) who is employed at a couple of two-bit [[fundie school]]s. Among the more ludicrous examples was the claim that Craig has defended his "The universe began to exist" premise in his Kalām Cosmological Argument ''"scientifically"'',<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Lane_Craig&diff=642039377&oldid=641647679 William Lane Craig: Difference between revisions] 16:37, 8 January 2015 and 11:13, 11 January 2015, ''Wikipedia''.</ref> because:
#Craig claimed to have done so in an article on his own website,<ref>[https://www.reasonablefaith.org/videos/lectures/how-did-the-universe-begin-saddleback-church ''How Did the Universe Begin?''] (September 6, 2009) ''Reasonable Faith''.</ref> and
#it said so in a book by {{wpl|J. P. Moreland}}{{efn|Moreland was one of the guys involved in drafting the [[Wedge Document]] and he also just happens to be one of Craig's colleagues at Biola "University"'s Talbot School of Theology.<ref>[https://www.biola.edu/directory/people/jp-moreland J P Moreland] ''Biola University''.</ref>}} entitled ''The Creation Hypothesis: Scientific Evidence for an Intelligent Designer''<ref>''The Creation Hypothesis: Scientific Evidence for an Intelligent Designer'', edited by J. P. Moreland (1994) InterVarsity Press. ISBN 0830816984.</ref> J. P. Moreland also believes that amoebas (and, presumably, sperm [[cell]]s) have immaterial, immortal souls.<ref>[https://closertotruth.com/video/morjp-011/?referrer=7871 Is the Soul Immortal?] by J. P. Moreland, ''Closer to Truth''.</ref><br>
See? Craig has defended his premise ''"scientifically"'' because two evangelical apologists/theologians/philosophers (one of them being himself) [[Argument by assertion|'''say so!''']] [[Peer review]]? We don't need no stinking peer review! And after all, who understands science better than evangelical apologists, right? Fortunately, this particular piece of blatant bullshittery was later removed.

The second, systemic problem is due to Wikipedia's policy of generally avoiding blog entries, YouTube videos, etc. as sources. Since very few serious academics{{efn|Especially actual scientists; some of Craig's articles appear in theological journals while his philosophical publications tend to appear in journals dedicated to philosophy of religion (read: [[sophisticated theology]]) or metaphysics (ditto). None of Craig's articles are actually published in journals dedicated to the natural sciences that Craig claims backs his premises and arguments.}} bother with Craig's nonsense outside his debate circus,{{efn|No, not a typo. When you keep rehashing [[Point refuted a thousand times|debunked crap]] for over 30 years, it's not a debating circuit, but an apologetic circus.}} while Craig can still get his "stealth apologetics" published by "reliable third parties",{{efn|I.e. printed on real paper, in a real book from a "reputable printing house" — wow! For just one concrete example of why this is not a terribly good bullshit filter, try checking out McGrew & McGrew's [[Bayesian]] argument in favour of the [[Evidence for the historical existence of Jesus Christ|historicity of Jesus' resurrection]] from ''The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology''.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/william-lane-craig-j.-p.-moreland-the-blackwell-companion-to-natural-theology/mode/2up "The Argument from Miracles:
A Cumulative Case for the Resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth"] by Timothy McGrew & Lydia McGrew. In: ''The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology'', edited by William Lane Craig & J. P. Moreland (2009) Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405176576. Particularly page 597.</ref>{{rp|593-662}}}} Craig's fans can cite all of this [[Bullshit|wonderful material]]. Conversely, most of the sources here on RW would immediately be countered with the "That's not according to WP policy!"-hammer (check the Wikipedia article's talk page and archives). This is of course tied to the "partisan problem", since it appears that some of Craig's fans are very diligent in monitoring his Wikipedia page.{{efn|Update: In late April, 2015, a rebellion against the Craigists seems to have begun on both the Wikipedia article and its talk page.}} The real [[irony]] is that very few would probably have heard of Craig if it wasn't for his thirty-odd years of touring with his debating circus — exactly the kind of thing which falls outside of Wikipedia's definition of "reliable sources"(!)

The third problem is Wikipedia's site-wide [[neutral point of view]], which often makes it difficult to bring up criticism of Craig in a meaningful way. As of February 2023, for example, there is no mention of Craig's extensive use of logical fallacies — a rather appalling state of affairs for a self-proclaimed "professional philosopher" — and there is no mention that the physics theories that he relies on are discredited (e.g., A-theory of time), only that he defends A-theory against challenges.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Lane_Craig&oldid=1140722523 William Lane Craig] (05:37, 21 February 2023) ''Wikipedia''.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Francisco Ayala]], an [[evolutionary biologist]] who debated Craig
*[[Drcraigvideos]] — alleged [[pirate]]r of Craig videos on YouTube
*[[Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence]]

==External links==
*[http://www.reasonablefaith.org/ Reasonable Faith — Craig's website]
*[http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/theism/christianity/craig.html Infidels.org's criticism of William Lane Craig]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111114062827/http://www.uncrediblehallq.net/2011/06/03/how-william-lane-craig-misleads-his-followers/ ''How William Lane Craig misleads his followers''] from Chris Hallquist's blog ''The Uncredible Hallq'' (Hallquist has spent much time documenting and debunking Craig's antics)
*[https://debunkingwlc.wordpress.com/ Debunking WLC] a, sadly no longer active, blog committed to, well, debunking Craig (duh)
*[http://chronicle.com/article/The-New-Theist/140019/ ''The New Theist: How William Lane Craig became Christian Philosophy's Boldest Apostle''], The Chronicle of Higher Education, July 1, 2013 (An almost hilariously obsequious and gushing puff piece about Craig whose author completely fails to ask a single critical question)
*[https://en.uncyclopedia.co/wiki/William_Lane_Craig A more lighthearted take on William Lane Craig] giving him exactly the level of serious consideration he merits.
*[http://spot.colorado.edu/~morristo/selected-papers.html Professor Wes Morriston of the University of Colorado — papers that address Craig's arguments.]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note|2|80%}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Craig, William Lane}}

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Categories: Apologists and counter-apologists, Atheophobia, Baptists, Christian apologists, Creationists, Denialists, Homophobes, Living people, Pseudomathematics, Pseudophysics promoters, Philosophers