Heaven

[[File:Maria Dreieichen - Fresko Kuppel 5 Heilige.jpg|right|thumb|250px|But what if you suffer from vertigo?]]
{{religion}}
{{Cquote|♫♬In Heaven There Is No [[Beer]]…<ref group="note">Unless you're a [[FSM|Pastafarian]].</ref>}}
'''Heaven''' is a fictional realm where the [[spirit]]ual/[[magic]]al essence of a human (known as a [[soul]]) somehow survives [[death]] and is fantastically transported to this zone of paradise to spend forever and ever and ever times eternity. What happens here depends on your delusion of choice (or more likely the one imposed on you by your parents). 

Most commonly known by believers of the book ([[Judaism|Jewish people]], [[Christian|Christians]], and [[Islam|Muslims]]) as the place in the clouds. You get to meet the bearded man in the sky ([[God]]) and in most versions praise him forever. A lighter version has you enjoying milk and honey while watching the smoke of tortured sinners and unbelievers burn down below in [[hell]]. 

In other religions heaven is more a place/emotion/plane of existence/state-of-mind/spiritual realm. Some religions have no concept of heaven. Regardless, all afterlife narratives (including heaven and soul) are almost certainly human constructs used to help understand a scary world, deal with death and in the most pernicious religions held recruit believers under the guise of heaven as rewards or punishments for believing. 

As lovely as it sounds to be reunited with your saved family members in heaven while you watch and cheer as your enemies get tortured in the fire pits below, the odds of this or any other afterlife being true are infinitesimally small. You aren't going to heaven when you die. On the upside, this means you're not going to hell either, so just be thankful you're not going to get burned in a fire pit forever.

Some believers of the book, uncomfortable with the contradictions or disturbing features of heaven/hell pretend that holy text don't describe it literally (even though it is described quite literally) but as allegorical for something (often vague). Some conjecture heaven is a dimension of new possibilities where you can realize whatever you want ([[Wishful thinking|without any scriptural basis]]). Though others, see it as being closer to God/understanding versus not getting to enjoy it. This helps believers avoid the issues of "coercion" and "eternal torture" as rephrasing the narrative how they please as one of "choice" and "lack of enjoying joy".

Heaven is viewed as grotesque by some [[New Atheism|Atheists]] who challenge the idea of any afterlife, any soul, paradise/inferno usually due to the complete lack of evidence and the fictional/coercive nature of the texts heaven is based on. They also note the many contradictions of eternal paradise. Would anyone be content in heaven after the first octillion years? How could a God be so insecure that he literally needs millions of souls praising him for eternity? How could a Christian enjoy bliss in heaven knowing that most of their friends loved ones are burning for eternity in hell?

Heaven and hell historically were used during the main growth phases of Christianity and Islam and still used today obsessively as blackmail to convert or maintain people in Christianity and Islam. In the Qur'an and the New Testament, hell is relentlessly brought up as a punishment for not swallowing the nonsense of those books and obeying the rules of the religion. 

Under any moral system (other than received morality) the idea that people are destined to either heaven or hell seems to lack any sense of moral justice or any proportionality. That someone would face an eternity of one or the other based on finite actions during a relatively tiny time on Earth navigating morally ambiguous problems without any evidence that heaven or even God exists, is absurd. That there are only two options is absurd. That we will be frolicking in the clouds after death is absurd. Everything relating to heaven is absurd.

==Christianity==
[[File:Francesco Botticini - The Assumption of the Virgin.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Heaven as depicted by Botticini.]]
Most Christians hold that Heaven is 1) where all the saved will go to 2) experience eternal happiness and 3) be in the presence of [[God]] 4) forever.

The writers of the [[Bible]] themselves express [[agnosticism|vagueness]] concerning any fuller description of the future of the faithful,<ref>{{bible|1 Corinthians|2|9}}: "But as it is written, Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him."</ref><ref>{{bible|1 John|3|2}}: "Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is."</ref> and most Christian denominations concur with them. However, this does not prevent a diversity of opinion or even argument about what makes up Heaven. 

Many [[preacher]]s teach, simply, that Heaven is where you spend forever worshiping God. As most people understand [[Holiness movement|"worship"]], it's not entirely surprising that some Christians (and, of course, mean, old, evil [[atheists]]) would prefer an eternity in Hell as superior, and perhaps more fun — and way cooler (by at least 80°C). [[Pope Francis]] has suggested that Heaven primarily involves contemplating God for all eternity.<ref>[http://www.religioustolerance.org/pope-francis-heaven-hell.htm Pope Francis' Alleged Beliefs About the Afterlife], ReligiousTolerance.org, 2018</ref> On the other hand, a popular inspirational passage (sometimes wrongly attributed to [[C.S. Lewis]]) says "Hell is an unending church service without God. Heaven is God without a church service."<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YhhSDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA26&ots=xpdRfk5m-c&dq=%22Heaven%20is%20God%20without%20a%20church%20service%22&pg=PA26#v=onepage&q=%22Heaven%20is%20God%20without%20a%20church%20service%22&f=false The Misquotable C.S. Lewis: What He Didn't Say, What He Actually Said, and Why It Matters], William O'Flaherty, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 16 Mar 2018</ref>

Literal bodily resurrection (normally with any broken bits fixed) has been a major part of church teachings from Christianity's earliest days and is still something Roman Catholics as well as some branches of [[Protestantism]] apparently believe<ref>[https://www.catholic.com/tract/resurrection-of-the-body Resurrection of the Body], Catholic Answers</ref>. However, more recently (perhaps due to science showing Heaven isn't a literal place in the sky), many believe in a spirit afterlife or non-corporeal existence after death; this is the position of Christian versions of [[spiritualism]] and supposed visions of Heaven from [[near death experience]]s. Some Evangelicals have also elaborated further this in their tradition of liberally mixing Biblical verses, claiming believers after dying will go to Paradise having there a taste of the glory that awaits them and waiting until Judgement Day, when after they have bowed their knees and accepted Jesus as Lord they will be judged and finally enter into Heaven, while others of their kind consider such non-corporeal existence is the product of [[Plato#Plato's_influence_on_Christianity|Platonic]] influences in Christianity and Judaism and see Heaven as the new heavens, Earth, and Jerusalem described in the [[Book of Revelation]] (see {{Bible|Revelation|21|1}} and {{Bible|Revelation|21|2}}) in physical fashion instead, including such literal bodily resurrection too.

[[Thomas Aquinas]] in his ''[[Summa Theologica]]'' portrays one of the ways of having a good time in Heaven: watching people getting tortured in Hell,<ref>''Summa Theologica'', Third Part, Supplement, [https://www.newadvent.org/summa/5094.htm Question 94,] Article 1.</ref> [[Schadenfreude|which will make you ''really'' happy that you aren't being tortured]].

According to some other Christians, especially [[Roman Catholic]]s, very little is known about heaven — except that you want to go there, so that you don't get burned in hell forever. (It's the destination, not the journey.)

== Post-Christian views ==
Sarcastically, heaven has been defined as:
:::''A place where the wicked cease from troubling you with talk of their personal affairs, and the good listen with attention while you expound your own.''<ref>Bierce, Ambrose, ''[[The Devil's Dictionary]]'', Castle Books, NY, 1967.</ref>

As an additional note: Have you seen the people who claim to be [[Calvinism|securely destined]] for Heaven? Would you want to spend ''eternity'' with them? [[Handwave|Eh; it'll turn out OK.]]

*Heaven… is a place… a place… where nothing… nothing ever happens.<ref>Talking Heads (David Byrne), ''Heaven'', on ''Fear of Music''</ref>  (No! that's not true, warfare will happen at least once! See {{bible|Revelation|19|14}}.)<ref>[http://atheism.about.com/od/thebible/a/heaven.htm The Bible and Heaven]</ref><ref>[http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/rev/19.html#14 Revelations 19:14]</ref>

==Islam==
[[File:Mohammed visiting Paradise.jpg|thumb|right|225px|[[Muhammad]] visits Paradise.]]
[[Islam]] teaches that righteous Muslims go to Paradise or "Jannah" when they die. A common western misconception is that men get very pleasant sexual rewards in Paradise &mdash; in fact they get two wives and a hundred concubines,<ref>[http://www.livingislam.org/fiqhi/sp2-gfh_e.html#9 Wives and concubines]</ref> (or more accurately [[Houri]]), which sounds a bit like hard work.

The hundred concubines may not be real women though, but "Houri", who are apparently designed for men's sexual pleasures. They are always [[virgins]] and their sexual relationship with men does not affect their virginity.  Furthermore, they do not get older than thirty-three years of age.<ref>[http://prmi.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/huralyn.pdf Concerning The Hur al-'Ayn (Houris)]</ref> As with all passages from [[holy book]]s, there are [[fundamentalist|some believers]] who take them more literally than others.

A conversation between a ''Guardian'' journalist and a failed female suicide bomber went as follows:

*Guardian: According to the [[Qur'an]], male [[martyr]]s are welcomed to paradise by 72 beautiful virgins; and women martyrs?

*FFSB: A woman martyr will be the person in charge, the manager, the officer of the 72 virgins, the fairest of the fair.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/feb/07/israel.gender ''Guardian'' interview with female suicide bomber]</ref> And truly it is a supreme sacrifice to kill oneself in the hopes of getting to wear a name-tag that says "manager".

Other views see the Islamic paradise as a direct equivalent to the Sugar Mountain offered by most religions and understand that the virgins thing is a [[myth]]. Many [[Mormons]] say the same thing about the part in their [[Book of Abraham]] where every person in Heaven gets their own [[planet]]. <ref>http://www.thewire.com/culture/2014/02/mormons-dont-get-planet-once-they-die-say-mormons/358669/</ref>

For those familiar with the Biblical threats of hell and other punishments, and the reoccurring general theme of those versus promised rewards for obedience, if you generally browse random Surahs of the Qur'an you'll find the blackmail to believe in its religion far more relentless.

==Arguments about the existence of a heaven==

===Against===
#That no good [[evidence]] exists for the existence of a soul, let alone heaven
#It was likely created by humans to feel like there would be justice and continued existence after death.
#Statements about heaven and hell are embedded in religious [[propaganda]], and long-used by the power-hungry to manipulate people
#There are numerous conflicting accounts of what it is, and only the word of faith-based authorities as to which is true
#Even within specific versions, there are logical inconsistencies in its form and function

===For===
#Some unverifiable books say so
#Some people believe it exists without any evidence
#Such beliefs have been around for very long, among quite many
#Impossible to disprove, because its existence is [[unfalsifiable]]
#It may sound great at first, however absurd it is on closer examination
#You can pick whichever version of the belief appeals the most to your feelings

==Arguments against the justice of a heaven==
[[File:Georgin François, The 3 Roads to Eternity, 1825 Cornell CUL PJM 1040 01.jpg|thumb|right|450px|Only the very best of Christians can go to Heaven, so you better cough up that dough for your church.]]

The idea that one's life can be summed up in a moral balance sheet or that a couple actions could trump all your others and get you into heaven or hell is patently absurd. No great being could possibly devise a just moral system [[Hell#The_fairness_of_Hell|where a finite set of actions could lead to only two options: eternal bliss or eternal torture]]. There is no proportionality per heaven and hell both in terms of the requirements to get in and the very nature of everlasting reward or punishment.

==Arguments on the absurdity of heaven==

===Heaven as being with God===

For those Christians who realise how inexcusably cruel a burning Hell would be, they often claim that Hell is just existence without God. The bible doesn't say anything remotely like this; if anything, it gives clear descriptions of the horror of hell (numerous times in different books).<ref>Fire: {{bible|Matthew|13|49}}-50, {{bible|Jude|1|7}}, {{bible|Mark|9|43}}, {{bible|Mark|9|47}}-48, {{bible|Revelation|14|10}}, {{bible|Revelation|20|14}}-15, Destruction: {{bible|2 Thessalonians|1|9}}, {{bible|Acts|2|27}}</ref> The terrible theological argument goes, those who choose to be without God would spend eternity missing out on all the fun of being with God. In other words, to make Christianity seem a little more humane, they take away the fire but still make hell something not that good and even make it all your fault for not believing Christian nonsense. The question remains, what does it even mean to be with or without God in the afterlife? And would spending forever in a grey drab doldrum not become relatively cruel after "just" a few thousand years? How about the next ten million years without God? Is an endless eternity in the gentle sounding fire-free version of hell, a proportional response from God for "not believing in him"? Is banishing beings to any level of eternal mediocre existence a moral proportional response by a God to a thought crime?

===Heaven as blackmail===
While heaven may not have been originally invented to scare people into thought control, Christianity took the Judaic version of heaven and sure milked that belief-ultimatum for everything they could. Heaven, less as a reward but more as a reason for believing, for not questioning things. After all, not getting into heaven is quite the missed opportunity. One you'll have ''a lot'' of time to regret. This was both a very powerful tool for several centuries of cruel toxic rule by fear and then and now a way to have people coughing up that dough, including the excuse of it being used to save as many people as possible from Hell.

===Time scale===
Ask yourself, what will you be doing after the first billion years in heaven? If it is a place of relative freedom, it's likely you would have mastered all the Universe's languages and learned the secrets of the 11th dimension. Perhaps it's in vogue there to stare out a window for a few centuries. Maybe create some imaginary dinosaur friends. It's quite possible after the trillionth year in heaven you might start saying and doing strange things or perhaps be self-harming. Or maybe all people do is prostrate in front of God and bob their heads up and down praising him forever. Is that still fun after a quadrillion years (a time in which, in the real Universe, [[Ultimate fate of the Universe#Degenerate Era|all stars are expected to have burned out]])? If so, likely the angels have to administer a happy drug that is eternally intensifying to avoid developing a tolerance. A good question to ask oneself is, do I really believe that in an octillion centuries (a time in which in the actual Universe it's expected galaxies will have disintegrated), I will still be active in heaven trying to pass my time with new diversions or maybe just kneeling before God singing his praises? Does the idea of this make you feel even a little queasy in the stomach?

If one goes [[Bible|literalist]] (see especially the [[RationalWiki:Annotated Bible/Revelation|Book of Revelation]] and {{bible|Isaiah|65|17}}), the fate of those fortunate enough to end up there will basically be [[brainwash]]ed{{efn|Basically, no sin means no [[free will]]. Remember also that it's stated there that there will be no more sadness (bliss cannot be fully enjoyed if it never stops) and it can be deduced going by such Isaiah verse that there'll be no memories of the old heavens and Earth (in other words, you'd live oblivious to all those people being tormented in Hell).}} to worship God forever and ever, ''ever'' with things never changing even a bit — let's see if even the most die-hard [[Fundie]] can withstand an ''eternity'' that way — so if your concept of having fun is different to that, no such luck.

===Description===

A rather detailed description of heaven can be found in Revelation, giving precise details of which jewels adorn which gates and how many units of pure gold gilds the many arches in heaven. It is described as a city, but it is also vaguely referred to as a ghostly place. Angels use precious measuring sticks to set up a perfect architecture. There is an elaborate set of thrones and levels for the different angels to seat themselves (heaven seems divided by class). It is also geometrically a perfect 
[[Star Trek|Borg]]
 cube, even if some commentators suggest it could be pyramid or mountain-shaped, which raises the question, if Heaven fits millions (maybe billions) of people, then it must be very high… and yet the whole thing is illuminated by a lamb, so, does that mean there are no floors? Or perhaps each floor has an open centre like a modern five star hotel? The materials are quite magical as walls can be solid gold yet crystal clear. The bright lamb must be sort of like the Wolverine from X-Men who can self-heal, since that kind of radiation it emits should be rather toxic for any creature. Heaven has rivers, streets, trees, and something vaguely described as a city (probably as pure coincidence something just like a 1st century city?). It isn't known if there is a large theme park with waterslides and a 150 foot vertical drop.

===Paradoxes===

Various metrics are given about who gets in and out of Hell, and yet at the same time it seems just believing in Jesus as saviour gets you in there. This raises the question of why all the metrics? God created the entire Universe filled with a zillion supposedly empty planets (and galaxies) and yet in the end, it is all reduced to a Heaven and Hell maybe with ''nothing'' (not even empty space) beyond them, which raises the question what was the point of all those galactic clusters so far away you can't even see them without an enormous and extremely complex telescope? I guess the galaxies are kinda pretty…

Perhaps the most disturbing part of this scenario is the possibility that, unless one subscribes to the idea of those who died unborn and too young to decide by themselves to follow Jesus [[Infant damnation|going to Hell]] with the issues it brings, all of them will wind up in Heaven. Given how many die that way, especially due to natural causes, one finds that 98% of its 350 billion inhabitants would be from fertilized eggs to young children<ref>[https://www.patheos.com/blogs/godzooks/2019/05/heaven-hell-infants-fetuses/ Data indicate fertilized human eggs, toddlers crowd Heaven]</ref> — assuming they were left that way instead of letting them grow to be raised to basically become a Fundie's wet dream.

===Heaven as ethereal===

The Bible describes Heaven with quite a bit of detail and yet still leaves a lot of information out. While being described as a physical city, it clearly has some quirky supernatural phenomena (like a glowing lamb and winged angels). And yet the overwhelming majority of Christians see it more as a happy ghostly place with buildings and bodies transparent and radiant all on top of fluffy clouds. Could Heaven be both a bejeweled city and a never ending Pink Floyd happy acid trip at the same time?

==Heaven is hotter than Hell==
In 1972, an anonymous<ref group=note>Allegedly it was first written by Paul Darwin Foote in 1920.</ref> article appeared in the [[peer-reviewed]] scientific journal ''Applied Optics'' that demonstrated that the temperature of Heaven (525°C) is hotter than [[Hell]] (<444.6°C). This was based on {{bible|Isaiah|30|26}};
{{cquote|Moreover, the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold as the light of seven days.}}

and the liquid-gas transition point of brimstone (sulfur) from {{bible|Revelation|21|8}}:

{{cquote|But the fearful, and unbelieving, and the [[Abomination|abominable]], and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, and [[idol]]aters, and all [[liar]]s, shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: which is the second [[death]].}}

This article was "refuted" in ''{{wpl|The Journal of Irreproducible Results}}'' in 1979, arguing that in Hell the liquid-gas transition point of brimstone is higher, due to the high pressure required to compress an astronomical number of souls within the tiny volume of Hell.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060101044137/https://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/hell.htm Theological Thermodynamics] by Tim Healey (1979) ''The Journal of Irreproducible Results'' 25(4):17-18 (archived from January 1, 2006)</ref>

==Do you go to heaven after you die?==

Almost certainly not. You simply cease to exist. Your life (and soul, assuming it even exists) ends with brain death and all that is left of you are the footprints you have left (both physical and your impact on others).

There are no verifiable, falsifiable evidence of existence of souls - let alone their ability to survive without a body/vessel, or any sorts of after-lives.

Of course, there's also countless other possibilities among unfalsifiable beliefs in existence after death, and if any of them were actually right, what's to say that it would be an Abrahamic religion? Apart from other religions, [[Western esotericism]] also offers various alternatives which believers find subjectively more logical or otherwise appealing. Other proposed afterlives may for example involve [[Reincarnation|limited timespans rather than an eternity of sameness]], processes of change in the forms of existence and movement between "worlds" or realms, and maybe learning and self-perfection over time, in various variations and combinations. However, very importantly, just like heaven, this is all wild speculation, and there is no evidence that any of this is the case. One might consider working on accepting, and being comfortable with the fact that your existence (beyond other people's memories and physical relics you leave behind) simply and utterly ends with your death. Do you truly need the crutch of heaven?

==See also==
*[[Christianity]]
*[[Afterlife]]
*[[Hell]]
*[[HeavenO]]
*[[Last Judgement]]
*[[Limbo]]
*[[Purgatory]]
*[[Salvation]]

==External links==
*[http://atheism.about.com/od/bibledictionaryonline/p/Heavens.htm Heaven: What is Heaven? What Does the Bible Say about the Heavens?]
*[http://godisimaginary.com/i18.htm Imagine heaven]
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07170a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: Heaven]
*[http://www.salon.com/2015/02/01/10_reasons_christian_heaven_could_actually_be_hell_partner/ 10 reasons Christian heaven would actually be hell: It's not all pearly gates and streets of gold. The Bible’s version of paradise seems more like eternal torture]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Afterlife]]
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Islam]]
[[Category:Paradoxes]]

Categories: Afterlife, Christianity, Islam, Paradoxes