Secular

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{{hatnote|For the political enactment of secularism, see our article on [[Separation of church and state]].}}
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The word '''secular''' can be a noun (e.g. a member of a secular clergy, not bound by monastic laws) or an adjective — describing an act, a person, a government, or pretty much anything else that is not explicitly religious in its nature.<ref>[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/secular secular]</ref>

Advocates of a secular society such as Humanists UK argue that secularism gives both the religious and the irreligious equal footing and an equal voice.<ref>[https://humanism.org.uk/campaigns/secularism/ Secularism]</ref> Eliminating favoritism towards a priest-caste impedes any single [[religion]] from unfairly dominating others. Mostly, however, secularism keeps the crazies (well, the religious crazies, at any rate) either out of power or unable to put anything overly crazy into force.

In a more technical sense, the term ''secular'', deriving as it does from the [[Latin]] ''saecularis'' (of or pertaining to a century or age), has also been adopted in some fields to refer to long-term, non-periodic changes or trends, as in [[astronomy]] (ie, secular evolution of galaxies) or [[economics]].

==Secular law and governments==
{{cquote|With adherence to the principle of secularism, values based on reason and science replaced [[Dogma|dogmatic]] values. [...] Persons of different beliefs, desiring to live together, were encouraged to do so by the State's egalitarian attitude towards them. [...] Secularism accelerated civilisation by preventing religion from replacing scientific thought in the State's activities. It creates a vast environment of civic responsibility and freedom.|4=The Constitutional Court of Turkey upon outlawing the pro-[[Sharia]] "Welfare Party"<ref>Quoted in: ECtHR 13 February 2003, applications 41340/98, 41342/98, 41343/98 and 41344/98, (''Refah Partisi (The Welfare Party) v. Turkey'') par. 40.</ref>}}
Secular laws are those laws made outside of the authority of any church or religion. In a [[theocracy|theocratic]] or partially-theocratic county, you may still have a secular body of law, but they are generally secondary if they come into conflict with any religious laws. Most so-called [[Western world|western nations]] have not only a secular body of law, but also ruling documents codifying that all laws will be secular in nature, and the Government itself remains secular even if a particular leader or party has religious affiliations. The vast majority of western countries have laws against [[blasphemy]] (even in some cases labeling it "hate speech"), however, and America has so-called [[Deism#Ceremonial deism|ceremonial deism]] in which the government occasionally endorses belief in God, and everyone pretends it's not religious.

The [[United States]] is a formally secular nation, having an official and legal separation of the church and state which is codified in its [[United States Constitution|Constitution]]. Many of its leaders have been public about their religious backgrounds, and some state and local officials have tried to go far beyond simply being public and open. However, the [[Supreme Court]] has consistently upheld that separation.    

The [[United Kingdom]] has an official connection between church and state (with the current [[Monarchy|Monarch]] as head of both), but in practice, the government and his laws are almost completely secular. [[France]] has taken the move to secularism to the extreme, banning instances of religious expression, denying some people the free right to proselytize, and legally banning members of cults (specifically targeted at [[Scientology]]) from serving as elected officials.

[[Turkey]] is one of the few [[Islam]]ic countries to have a secular constitution and body of law. Oddly, it is the military who have taken responsibility for defending secularism against religious incursion, and there have been four military coups as a result of the military leadership believing the government has strayed too close to reinstating religious laws. They do not, however, fully recognize freedom of religion; blasphemy is illegal, and there are severe restrictions on the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christian Church]].

==Secular science==

''Secular'' is the best way to describe [[science]] inasmuch as, as a principle, it is unaffected by existing dogmas or religious attitudes. [[Anti-science]] proponents would generally describe science as [[atheism|atheistic]], believing that science seeks to deny [[god]] and seeing science as the enemy of [[religion]]. The phrase "secular literature" is often used by [[Answers in Genesis]] in an attempt to distinguish their (frankly, rather poor) journal from the rest of scientific [[peer review]]. In the minds of such people, "secular" and "atheism" are essentially synonymous, and this has led to the so-called "[[conflict thesis]]"; that religion and science are inherently opposed.

Although science, as a method, is certainly not [[Antitheism|antitheistic]], most scientists would agree that the results that have been derived from the method remove the need for god as an explanation for physical phenomena. This does not, however, necessarily lead to a conclusion that there is ''no'' god; it only limits what such a being can be used to explain. In particular, "[[Goddidit]]" cannot be used as a proper explanation in science, as it lacks the same method used to test a hypothesis or a theory in scientific studies and experiments.

Those with their eye on the middle ground between science and religion would take a [[NOMA]] stance and argue they are wrong on both counts. NOMA advocates would therefore state that science has no such goal and it is beyond the realm of science to deny god, or prove god does not exist. Opponents of the NOMA concept would argue that no area should be free from scientific investigation, including the possible existence of God(s).

==Secular life==
As can be imagined, religious [[fundamentalism|fundamentalists]] have no liking for the word or the concept of a secular society or [[life]], given that God is removed from being at the center, and may even attempt to [[denialism|deny]] that such a concept is moral or even rational. However, the term has wide application and makes perfect sense. There are many aspects of life that even the fundamentalists probably accept as not falling under the aegis of their religious beliefs. Purely personal matters, such as where to live, what colour to paint the back porch, and whether or not Coke tastes better than Pepsi, are all secular matters. Although if some of the scenes in [[Jesus Camp]] are anything to go by, it could be argued that someone, somewhere will have turned such trivial matters into a theological debate. Churches have been issuing [[prayer]]s for increasingly trivial (but more relevant to modern life) situations recently, so it is quite likely that religion for some people is all pervasive into ''every'' area of their life.

Some environments treat the word "secular" as a very powerful sneering swear-word - almost [[Atheophobia|as pejorative as "atheist"]].

==In a nutshell==
===''"Secularism"'' ([https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCc_xdkOBgSYLmXTn-VSQ4uA ''QualiaSoup''])===
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==See also==
*[[Secular humanism]]
*[[Secular religions]]
*[[Science]]
*[[Scientific method]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Religious terms]]
[[Category:Secularism| ]]

Categories: Religious terms, Secularism