Erich von Däniken

{{bronze}}[[File:Erich-von-Däniken_1610.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Erich von Däniken, October 2009. You might note a certain resemblance to {{wpl|Independence Day (film)|Randy Quaid}}. Coincidence? Well... yeah.]]
{{ufology}}{{pseudohistorynav}}
{{cquote|Why does this garbage thrive? I do not think that the percentage of credophiles is growing. But the traditional religions have been losing their ideological grip. In the West, Yahweh and his Bible no longer command their former, unquestioning allegiance. People, however, still want something to believe in besides atoms and the void. When science fails to produce it, they seek it elsewhere, as they did in Hellenistic and Imperial Roman times. They want comfort and flattery more than they want facts.|||{{wpl|L. Sprague de Camp||,}} reviewing ''Chariots of the Gods?'' in 1976<ref name=amra>[https://s3.us-west-1.wasabisys.com/luminist/FZ/AMRA_1976_04.pdf Amra] V2, N65, April 1976, p. 10.</ref>}}
'''Erich von Däniken''' {{lived|1935|2026}}, also known as '''VD''' for short, was the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[author]] of a number of books proposing that [[ancient astronauts|extraterrestrials visited Earth in the past and influenced human history]].

His works made him the best-known proponent of the idea for a few decades, until [[Giorgio Tsoukalos]] gained that position due to his ''[[Ancient Aliens]]'' TV show (and his meme-spawning hair).

The majority of von Däniken's claims were either [[not even wrong]] or failed [[Carl Sagan]]'s [[extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence]] test.

==Biography==
VD was of Swiss German origin and attended an exclusive [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] private school. He claimed that the artwork in its chapel first inspired him to speculate on his future ideas.

Using his experience as the manager of a hotel, von Däniken wrote ''Chariots of the Gods?'' in 1968,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010522190800/http://www.daniken.com/e/ Biography]</ref> for which he later won the 1991 [[Ig Nobel Prize]] for [[Literature]].<ref>[http://www.improbable.com/ig/ig-pastwinners.html Winners of the Ig® Nobel Prize]</ref> He went on to write many more novels, providing hours of entertainment for rationalists everywhere. He also opened a {{wpl|Mystery Park|wildly unsuccessful theme park}} based on his writing which is divided into several areas, each focusing on a different pet theory of his; the park got few visitors and was constantly in dire financial straits, having been closed at least twice since its construction and having last been open in 2006.

While Erich von Däniken was ''the'' go-to Ancient Astronaut guy for years, he merely popularized the idea. [[Peter Kolosimo]]'s works like ''Timeless Earth'' were international best sellers, and preceded him by several years. There are several other notable predecessors, including the stories of [[H. P. Lovecraft]] in which narrators would often find the sculptures of evil ancient aliens in remote locations. Von Däniken's main strength was in self-promotion and marketing, and his books are somewhat more entertaining than those of some of his rivals.

==Books==
Von Däniken was a fairly prolific writer, and he wrote a large number of books, most of them simply rehashing the same claims over and over and over again. The vast majority of his works include the phrase 'Of The Gods' somewhere in the title. A few selected works include: 
 
===''Chariots of the Gods?''===
{{main|Betteridge's law of headlines}}

{{cquote|Von Däniken takes plausible surmises and inferences, such as the existence of other inhabited planets, and assumes them to be proven facts, which of course they are not. Many of his wild statements he insists must be true because they cannot be disproved. If I tell you that you are followed by a little green man who disappears whenever you try to look at him, you cannot disprove it, but neither are you obliged to take it seriously. Von Däniken, however, has the advantage enjoyed by all such charlatans: a thorough exegesis and expose of his book would be several times the size of the original. Who would be so mad as to write it and, if he did, who would read it?|||L. Sprague de Camp<ref name=amra />}}

In his first book, ''Chariots of the Gods?'', he claimed, among other things, that aliens visited our planet thousands of years ago, lent a hand in the construction of monuments all over the world, meddled with human [[evolution]] and gave rise to religious myths. He used as "proof":

*[[Piri Reis map|A map]] that supposedly depicts the land beneath the ice of [[Antarctica]]
*Computer astronomy from Egyptian and Incan ruins
*A [[Nazca lines|spaceport in the Andes]]
*Ancient navigation charts for space.
*Basically every ancient drawing of a vaguely humanoid figure found to date, which he claimed all depict "astronauts" despite effectively no evidence to support this claim.

The book is shot through with [[argument from incredulity]], not-very-well-disguised [[racism]] (von Däniken seemed to believe that only modern white people are capable of innovation, imagination, or great feats of engineering), and lots of random made-up [[bullshit]].

His explanation for the origin of ancient monuments such as the [[Giza pyramids|Egyptian pyramids]] or the [[Nazca lines]] fails [[Occam's Razor]] quite spectacularly, and while such feats are indeed impressive for Bronze Age people, one would expect a highly advanced civilization capable of interstellar travel to come up with something a little better. Moreover, if these aliens were indeed benevolent and tried to help humans (as von Däniken claimed), one wonders how they got the idea that what humanity needed most were huge piles of intricately arranged rocks instead of stuff like modern medicine and energy sources. After littering the landscape with strange buildings and messing with the humans' minds, the aliens apparently vanished, leaving no trace of their technology.

The book also contains a remarkable chapter, "When Our Spaceship Landed on Earth ...",<ref>Pp.21-27 of the 1971 Corgi edition.</ref> structured as a [[thought experiment]] — albeit the most deranged and illogical thought experiment ever published in a mainstream work. Posing the question of what ''we'' would do if we travelled to a primitive alien world (a feat he assumes to be possible within his lifetime) he "reasonably" assumed that our astronauts would promptly begin handing out free trinkets and advice (despite our [[Amerindian genocides|wildly]] [[Scramble for Africa|negative]] experience of contact between advanced and "primitive" people on our own world), restructure the "savage" society to approximate civilisation in our own Bronze Age (despite our modern reservations about absolute monarchy and [[theocracy]]), [[Alien abduction|"fertilise" the local females]] in order to create a "new race" (despite biology) and finally set off a [[nuclear bomb]] in the area and get the locals to mine the crater for "fissionable matter" to fuel our spaceship, in the knowledge that the radiation will surely kill them. This apparently being self-evident, he then depicts ancient mythology in similar terms and declares ''[[quod erat demonstrandum]]''. Now, while this doesn't mean that alien visitors wouldn't act in this thoughtless and cruel fashion towards our ancestors, it is highly unlikely that humans would behave in this way, which blows a hole in an argument founded on this very thought experiment.

===''The Eyes of the Sphinx''===
A.k.a. "Von Däniken visits [[Egypt]]", as it is mostly a travelogue interspersed with infodumps and other tangents. It is separated into four chapters:
* The first one concerns the millions of mummified animals stocked into ancient tunnels and the abundant images of hybrid animals (e.g. sphinxes). Von Däniken floated the hypothesis that these are evidence of ancient aliens practising [[genetic engineering]].
* The second is devoted to von Däniken's search for a lavish "labyrinth" described by [[Herodotus]]. When he reached the ruin identified as the labyrinth, he found it underwhelming.<ref group=note>He's not the only one. ''"...The notorious Erich von Däniken believes that the Labyrinth is yet to be discovered and is "waiting for a modern-day Heinrich Schliemann." On this, for once, he may be right..."'', [http://www.catchpenny.org/labyrin.html The Ancient Egyptian Labyrinth], ''Larry Orcutt's Catchpenny Mysteries of Ancient Egypt Explained''</ref>
* The [[pyramid]]s ([[Giza pyramids|of Giza]] and elsewhere) are the next stop. Lots of pyramid woo, including claims about numerical ratios, "nobody knows how they were built", "the block were cast out of synthetic stone", the [[Baghdad battery]], the [[Dendera lamp]] and the Pyramid effect. [[Zecharia Sitchin]] gets a shout-out.
* Contrary to the title, not much space is devoted to the [[Sphinx of Giza]]. Von Däniken entertained the idea that the Sphinx and the Pyramids of Giza were built before recorded history — "before the [[Global flood|Flood]]". Ouch!

Most of the "outlandish" stuff in the book is presented as "[[just asking questions]]", "hypotheses", "[[strawman|look how silly the mainstream explanations are]]", "[[God of the gaps|the mainstream 
has not explained
 cannot explain this]]", etc.

==Fraud==
In yet another stunning example of the establishment conspiring against innovative intellectuals, von Däniken was convicted for embezzlement and tax evasion shortly after the publication of ''Chariots''. He also had to admit that he had forged some of his "ancient" artifacts allegedly depicting alien visitors.<ref>[http://www.skepdic.com/vondanik.html Ancient astronauts and Erich von Däniken], [[The Skeptic's Dictionary]]</ref>

==At da movies==
You can't publish heaps of [[bullshit]] like this without moviemakers and TV execs taking notice. In 1970 a West German "documentary" based on  ''Chariots'' was released. During the 1970s, dubbed versions were released to other countries. {{wpl|Rod Serling}} (who else?) narrated the [[North America]]n release. This received an Oscar nomination for Best Documentary Feature in 1971.<ref group=note>No kidding: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0065702/awards</ref>

Sadly, this Oscar nod served to embolden moviemakers around the world into revisiting von Däniken's [[fantasy]] world. Followups to ''Chariots'' include:
* ''Chariots of the Gods: The Mysteries Continue'', an hour-long 1996 US TV special
* a remake using new technology, most likely in 3-D, was originally scheduled for release in 2012<ref group=note>That's right, [[2012 apocalypse|2012]]!  (But would it see release before the Mayan calendar ends?)</ref> but was still "in development" as of  mid-2014.

Other movies/TV shows/straight-to-videos based on von Däniken's tomes include:

* ''William Shatner's Mysteries of the Gods'' (1987), based on von Däniken's book ''Botschaft der Götter'' ("Message of the Gods")
* ''Stargate'' (1994), a [[science fiction]] film by [[Roland Emmerich]] based on von Däniken's crazy theories, which spawned several TV series, novels, comic books, video games, and movies, and inspired the short "documentary" ''Is There a Stargate?'' (2003), featuring von Däniken and [[Giorgio Tsoukalos]]
* ''UFO Experience - In Search of Ancient Astronauts'' (1998)
* ''Secrets of the Millennium - In Quest of: Ancient Aliens'' (1999)
* ''Secrets of the Millennium - Aliens And Man: Where Do We Come From'' (1999)
* ''Incredible Mysteries of our Planet'' (2001), a video box-set focusing on ''Chariots'', [[Atlantis]] and the [[Bermuda Triangle]].

==Refutations==
The trouble with 'Chariots' is that it's so downright belly-achingly laughter-inducing that anyone trying to refute it soon becomes overcome with hysteria, with the result that the Dänikenites [[Galileo gambit|turn away with the smug realization that their cause is true]]. In addition, most readers agree with von Däniken's own claim that his work "contradicts… modern science".

To read a page-by-page refutation of ''Chariots of the Gods?'', go out and buy ''The Space Gods Revealed'' by [[Ronald Story]], 1976. ''Some Trust In Chariots: Sixteen Views of Erich von Däniken's 'Chariots of the Gods''' (ed. Barry Thiering and Edward Castle) from 1972 sold well in [[Australia]] too. (The cover tagline was "The bombshell book that goes far beyond Chariots of the Gods to reveal the startling, irrefutable truth about ancient marvels!" We're sure the woo fans were ''very'' happy.) Another from the same year was ''Crash Go the Chariots'' by Clifford Wilson.

The book ''Erinnerungen an die Wirklichkeit'' ('Memories of Reality') by the [[Germany|German]] writer Gerhard Gadow is a very good investigation of Von Däniken's ''Chariots of the Gods''. It has been translated into several languages.

There are plenty of websites out there that debunk many of Von Däniken's other claims. [[Jason Colavito]], writing in Skeptic Magazine, traces the "ancient astronauts" meme back to H. P. Lovecraft.<ref>http://jcolavito.tripod.com/lostcivilizations/id26.html</ref>

Von Däniken's claims were partly inspired by [[Robert Charroux]]. Charroux's publisher threatened a lawsuit for [[copyright]] violation due to Von Däniken [[Plagiarism|plagiarizing]] him. As a result, Von Däniken added citations of Charroux in later editions. Charroux was lucky, since there are several other probable sources for Von Däniken's work who never get attributions in his work.

==Bibliography==
Von Däniken has written ''a lot''. A sample:
* ''Erinnerungen an die Zukunft'', 1968, {{Isbn|3404602749}} (''Memories of the Future'')
** ''[[#Chariots of the Gods?|Chariots of the Gods?]]'', 1969, {{Isbn|0285502565}}
* ''Zurück zu den Sternen'', 1969, Econ, 1986, {{Isbn|3430119863}} (''Back to the Stars'')
** ''Return to the Stars'', {{Isbn|0552090832}}
** Also published as ''Gods from Outer Space''
* ''Aussaat und Kosmos'', 1972, {{Isbn|3426033844}} (''Sowing and the Universe'', yeah, the German title is pretty silly, too.)
** ''The Gold of the Gods'', 1973, {{Isbn|0399112081}} 
* ''Meine Welt in Bildern'', 1973, {{Isbn|3426034042}} (''My World in Pictures'')
** ''In Search of Ancient Gods: My Pictorial Evidence for the Impossible'', 1974, {{Isbn|0285621343}}
* ''Erscheinungen'', 1974, {{Isbn|3453044347}} (''Apparitions'')
** ''Miracles of the Gods'', 1975, {{Isbn|0285621742}}
* ''Besucher aus dem Kosmos'', 1975 (collection), {{Isbn|3430119839}} (''Visitors from Outer Space'')
* ''Beweise'', 1977, {{Isbn|345300907X}} (''Proofs''/''Evidence'')
** ''According to the Evidence'', 1977, {{Isbn|0285633155}}
* ''Im Kreuzverhör'', 1978, {{Isbn|3453010558}} (''In Cross-examination'')
* ''Prophet der Vergangenheit'', 1979, {{Isbn|3453052307}} (''Prophet of the Past'')
** ''Signs of the gods?'', 1980, {{Isbn|0399125590}}
* ''Reise nach Kiribati'', 1981, {{Isbn|3430119960}} (''Voyage to Kiribati'')
** ''Pathways to the Gods'', 1982, {{Isbn|0399127518}}
* ''Strategie der Götter'', 1982, {{Isbn|3430119790}} (''Strategy of the Gods'')
** ''The Gods and Their Grand Design'', c1984, {{Isbn|0399129618}}
* Der Tag an dem die Götter kamen, 1984, {{Isbn|3442084784}} (''The Day the Gods came'', he-he-he...)
* ''Habe ich mich geirrt?'', 1985, {{Isbn|3570030598}} (''Was I Wrong?'' - just kidding, of course not.)
* ''Wir alle sind Kinder der Götter'', 1987, C. Bertelsmann, {{Isbn|3570030601}} (''We are All Children of the Gods'')
* ''Die Augen der Sphinx'', 1989, C. Bertelsmann, {{Isbn|3570043908}} (''The Eyes of the Sphynx'')
** ''[[#The Eyes of the Sphinx|The Eyes of the Sphinx]]'', 1996, {{Isbn|0425151301}}
* ''Die Steinzeit war ganz anders'', 1991, {{Isbn|3570036189}} (''The Stone Age Wasn't that Way at All'')
* ''Erinnerungen an die Zukunft'', 1992, (new edition with a new foreword)
* ''Der Götter-Schock'', 1992, {{Isbn|3570045005}} (''The Gods Shock'', not to be confused with [[shockofgod|this guy]].)
* ''Raumfahrt im Altertum'', 1993, {{isbn|3570120236}} (''Ancient Space Travel'')
* ''Auf den Spuren der Allmächtigen'', 1993, C. Bertelsmann, {{Isbn|3570017265}} (''Investigating the Almighty'')
* ''Botschaften und Zeichen aus dem Universum'', 1994, C. Bertelsmann, {{Isbn|3442126886}} (''Messages and Signs from the Universe'')
* ''Zeichen für die Ewigkeit – Die Botschaft von Nazca'', 1997, {{Isbn|3570017303}} (''Signs for Eternity: The Message of Nazca'')
** ''Arrival of the Gods : Revealing the Alien Landing Sites of Nazca'', 2000, {{Isbn|9781862047488}} 
* ''Im Namen von Zeus'', 1999, {{Isbn|357000029X}} (''In the Name of Zeus'')
** ''Odyssey of the Gods: The Alien History of Ancient Greece'', 2000, {{Isbn|9781862047495}}
* ''Die Götter waren Astronauten'', 2001, {{Isbn|3570-000311}}
** ''[[#The Gods Were Astronauts|The Gods Were Astronauts]]'', 2003, {{Isbn|1843336251}}
* ''Götterdämmerung – Die Rückkehr der Außerirdischen. 2012 und darüber hinaus'', 2009, {{Isbn|3942016044}} (''Twilight of the Gods - Return of the Extraterrestrials'')
** ''Twilight of the Gods: The Mayan Calendar and the Return of the Extraterrestrials'', 2010, {{Isbn|9781601631329}}

==See also==
*[[Ancient astronauts]]
*[[Aliensdidit]]
*[[Face on Mars]]
*[[Peter Kolosimo]], a kind of John the Baptist figure to von Däniken.
*[[Piri Reis map]]
*[[Zecharia Sitchin]]

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051015235305/http://www.evdaniken.com/ Official website]
* ''The Hall of Maat'' has a lot of [https://web.archive.org/web/20050204193305/http://www.hallofmaat.com/modules.php?name=Topics good stuff] debunking nutty ideas about the ancient world, including some of those espoused by von Däniken.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090815071939/http://skepticreport.com/sr/?p=232 Skeptic Report: The prophet of the space-gods]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090930063137/http://www.csicop.org/si/show/von_daumlnikenrsquos_chariots_a_primer_in_the_art_of_cooked_science Von Däniken’s Chariots: A Primer in the Art of Cooked Science] by John T. Omohundro, ''Skeptical Inquirer'' Winter 1976.
*[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/alienactivity/nazca2.html PBS Nova page]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

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[[Category:Ancient aliens]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Financial fraud]]
[[Category:Plagiarists]]
[[Category:Pseudohistory promoters]]
[[Category:Racists]]
[[Category:Shysters]]
[[Category:Ufology]]

Categories: Ancient aliens, Authors, Financial fraud, Plagiarists, Pseudohistory promoters, Racists, Shysters, Ufology