trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Dulce base

{{ufology}}
'''Dulce base''' is a supposedly super secret underground base near the town of Dulce, [[New Mexico]] where [[extraterrestrial|aliens]] hang out and conspire to subjugate the human race. 

== Alien plot ==
According to the folks at ''reptoids.com'' (who believe that aliens are intelligent [[David Icke|reptilians]] evolved from dinosaurs) Dulce is only one of the many underground lairs the evil race of lizard people use to orchestrate evil genetic experiments on humans.<ref>http://www.reptoids.com/Vault/ArticleClassics/dulceTEChistory.htm ''reptoids.com''</ref> It's not like we didn't try to fight back. Supposedly a huge underground gun battle took place at Dulce between aliens and the US military. But the aliens managed to win because they had advanced ray guns. What's worse is that the reptoids are in cahoots with the [[Grey aliens|grey aliens]] who naturally are committed to their own secret plots against the human race. We know this because secret interviews with supposed former base employees just before they died have now been published on Internet web pages.<ref>http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/branton/esp_dulcebook11.htm ''bibliotecapleyades.net''...the ultimate Spanish batshit repository</ref>

The Dulce base story was apparently invented by Paul Bennewitz, an Albuquerque, New Mexico electronics buff who became convinced that evil aliens were secretly manipulating humans using electromagnetic [[mind control]] waves. Bennewitz monitored radio communications from nearby Sandia National Laboratories on his scanner and interpreted what he heard as aliens in the process of landing their spacecraft.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050319053946/http://www.paraview.com/bishop/ ''paraview.com''</ref> As details of the plot were "revealed" to him - such as humans controlled by alien implants, government disinformation campaigns, connections to [[cattle mutilation]]s, a broken treaty between the US and the aliens, and so much more - Bennewitz became increasingly unstable and eventually went completely mad.<ref>Barna William Donovan, [http://books.google.com/books?id=bJkhqU1IXHAC&pg=PA104&dq=Conspiracy+Films:+A+Tour+of+Dark+Places+in+the+American+Conscious+bennewitz&hl=en&sa=X&ei=CGqMT6rfHOf40gHK0o3bCQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false Conspiracy Films: A Tour of Dark Places in the American Conscious]</ref><ref>Michael Barkun, ''[[A Culture of Conspiracy]]: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America''</ref> Wouldn't you?

==See also==
*[[Roswell]] 
*[[Alien abduction]]
*[[Mark Richards]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Conspiracy theories]]

Categories: Conspiracy theories
Duncan MacDougall

[[File:Duncan MacDougall physician.png|thumb|left|165px|MacDougall in 1911]]
{{Religion}}
'''Duncan MacDougall''' (1866-1920) was a medical doctor in Haverhill, [[Massachusetts]], who in 1907 attempted to prove the existence of the [[human]] [[soul]] in a [[Pseudoscience|scientific]] manner. His reasoning was that the soul has a certain physical weight, which would leave a person at the moment of death (or up to a minute later, if the person had had a "sluggish temperament"), causing them to become lighter.

MacDougall tested his theory on a grand total of six people and fifteen dogs, laying them on a large precision scale-cum-bed in his office that he had built himself and waiting for them to kick the bucket. In recounting the experiments, he stated that his human subjects lost three-quarters of an ounce at death, or about 21 grams, but the dogs did not lose any weight.

Nobody has been able to reproduce the results of his experiment, which suffered from the classic problems with [[anecdotal evidence]]: the sample size was far too small, some confounding factors were not taken into account (body temperature, for example), and the results were wildly inconsistent (with one case having to be excluded due to "interference by people opposed to our work").

==External links==
* [http://www.snopes.com/religion/soulweight.asp snopes.com on Duncan MacDougall]
*[http://rationallyspeaking.blogspot.com/2007/03/does-soul-weigh-21-grams.html Does the Soul Weigh 21 Grams?] Massimo Pigliucci

{{DEFAULTSORT:McDougall, Duncan}}
[[Category:Pseudoscience promoters]]

Categories: Pseudoscience promoters
Dvorak Simplified Keyboard

[[File:KB DSKtypewriter.svg|thumb|The original Dvorak layout.]]
[[File:KB United States Dvorak.svg|thumb|The US Dvorak layout, the same thing with the numbers in order.]]
The '''Dvorak Simplified Keyboard''' is a keyboard layout designed for the use of English speakers, created by Dr. August Dvorak in 1932.  The goals of the layout included reducing fatigue and increasing typing accuracy and speed.  Although the ubiquitous QWERTY layout is used by the great majority of typists, the Dvorak layout is the second most popular layout for English-speaking typists.

Dvorak users often promote the layout as a way of improving typing speed and reducing the risk of repetitive strain injury from typing.  This is due to various features designed to reduce the amount of movement necessary to type a given word.  Dvorak skeptics consider such claims a form of [[woo]].  If so, it may at least be a relatively innocuous form, as switching between Dvorak and QWERTY layouts is quick and easy on most computer operating systems, no longer requiring special hardware.  The main inconveniences of using Dvorak are the time invested in becoming proficient with that layout, and the potential for confusion when a QWERTY typist and a Dvorak typist use the same computer.

== Is it superior? ==

The issue of whether Dvorak is really better than QWERTY is difficult to settle, in part because the largest and most well-known studies on the matter are contradictory, fairly old, and considered biased (generally by whichever side doesn't agree with a given study).  August's original study with the Navy Department showed an increase in typing speed for Dvorak users, but the Navy's follow-up study failed to replicate that result.  Large, well-controlled studies are difficult to perform, because the popularity of QWERTY predisposes most people to have more experience and more interest in that layout.  Dvorak typists<ref>Such as [[User:Quantheory|this one]]. Or [[User:Tracer|this one]].</ref> may feel that switching to Dvorak has reduced typing fatigue, but non-anecdotal evidence is hard to come by.

Oddly enough, the Dvorak/QWERTY debate has developed a [[political]] aspect.  QWERTY has sometimes been used as an example of how an inferior technology can become widely adopted, and thus, used as a counter-example to claims that the [[free market]] always results in the best product.  Unsurprisingly, this provoked a reaction from a few [[libertarian]]s.<ref>Stan Liebowitz and Stephen E. Margolis.  "[http://reason.com/archives/1996/06/01/typing-errors Typing Errors]."  ''[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]''.  June 1996.</ref>

The choice of keyboard layout, at least between QWERTY and Dvorak ([[false dilemma|ignoring other possibilities]] like Colemak) is largely an endian dispute (which is chosen doesn't matter, but a choice must be made) and QWERTY holds on because the effort involved in switching to a layout hardly anyone uses is judged to be a greater inconvenience than the claimed failings of QWERTY.

==References==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Technology]]

Categories: Technology
Dwight Schultz

[[File:Dwight Schultz.jpg|right|thumb|165px|Dwight Schultz in 1996]]{{pundits}}
'''William Dwight Schultz''' {{lived|1947|}} is an [[United States|American]] actor and [[conservative]] political commentator. He is primarily known for his role as Howlin' Mad Murdock in the 80s TV series ''The A-Team'', itself famous for firing a million-and-one bullets at people and never killing anyone. He also played the neurotic Lieutenant Reginald "Broccoli" Barclay on a few episodes of ''[[Star Trek]]''.

Schultz made a name for himself as a [[Rush Limbaugh]] wannabe, hosting the [[conservative talk radio]] podcast ''Howling Mad Radio'',<ref>[https://archive.ph/fUmPv Howling Mad Radio hosted by Dwight Schultz]. Archived from Podcast Alley, 7 July 2013.</ref> writing on the blog Big Hollywood ([[Breitbart]])<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100702060417/http://bighollywood.breitbart.com/author/dschultz/ Dwight Schultz]. Archived from Big Hollywood, 2010.</ref> and acting as a substitute host for America's favorite talk-radio Republican [[Michael Savage]]. The ''Howling Mad Radio'' podcast ended in 2009.

Schultz is a big [[Donald Trump]] fan and is critical of both Republicans and Democrats who are against Trump. Schultz criticized [[John McCain]] for criticizing Trump, gone after [[Fox News]] host Chris Wallace for being upset after Trump called the news media an enemy of the American people, called Debbie Wasserman Schultz a liar for warning that Republican policies were dangerous for [[Israel]], and called [[Barack Obama]] a "hard left socialist", among other disparaging declarations.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141016024838/http://www.dwightschultzfansite.nl/dwightnotes.php Dwight Schultz notes]. Archievd from "the official Dwight Schultz fansite," 2014.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

{{stub|Political pundits}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Schultz, Dwight}}
[[Category:Actors]]
[[Category:Political pundits]]
[[Category:Radio]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Denialists]]

Categories: Actors, Political pundits, Radio, Living people, Denialists
Dynastic gymnastics

{{Altmed}}'''Dynastic gymnastics''', often called '''baby yoga''', is a [[quack]] [[alternative medicine]] for babies. It involves swinging babies around, sometimes quite violently. Babies can be as young as just a few days old.

The practice is fairly popular in [[Russia]] but is also practiced in other countries,<ref>[http://www.sarahsbabyyoga.co.uk/yoga-classes/mother-baby-yoga/ Someone who does this in the UK]</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120901075947/http://www.birthlight.com/page/baby-yoga</ref> although the Russian variant seems to be the most extreme. Broader general awareness of the practice originated via a truly hair-raising YouTube video (seriously, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120302172057/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7ihdsjIqhI try to watch it] without wincing in disbelieving horror at least once) in which the arguable [[guru]] of the practice, Lena Fokina, whirls a baby around in the air like a pair of nunchaku, coming within a hair's breadth of dropping it several times.

The purported claims are that it makes infants "more open" (whatever that may mean), more sociable, and more relaxed; <ref name="BBC">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12276623 Baby gymnastics: Russia's 'potentially dangerous' therapy]</ref> another practitioner claims that babies who undergo this therapy "are early readers, singers, talkers, swimmers".<ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/news/baby-yoga-video-is-real-and-real-scary-but-safe-video/</ref> These claims are unproven, and no research has been performed on this practice. Not only is it too crazy to take seriously, but research would also be unethical due to the likely dangers and lack of [[informed consent]]. Consider being picked up and swung around in all directions. Would this make you happy? Relaxed? More sociable? Improve your reading skills? Or would it make you dizzy, sick, and fairly annoyed at the person who was doing the swinging?

== Dangers ==
Unlike some other quack nonsense, this particular breed has some very clear and direct dangers:

* [[Death]], we repeat, '''DEATH''' from [[shaken baby syndrome]]. SBS isn't necessarily fatal; the lucky babies end up blind or with a motor and/or cognitive impairment.
* Serious trauma (and again, possible '''DEATH''') from hitting something (furniture, floor, etc). Consider doing this 20 hours a week for a living; do you think it's possible that at some point you slip up, no matter ''how'' careful you are? There is a ''very'' low margin for error here.
* Dislocated joints. Unlike adults, a young child's elbow can become quite easily dislocated (this is called a {{wpl|Nursemaid's elbow||).}}

==See also==
*[http://www.snopes.com/politics/crime/babyvideo.asp Snopes page]
*[[Yoga]]
*''[[Paida lajin]]'', the [[Chinese]] style of "therapeutic" baby abuse

{{stub|Alternative medicine}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Alternative medicine]]
[[Category:New Age]]
[[Category:Manipulative therapy]]

Categories: Alternative medicine, New Age, Manipulative therapy
EMDR

{{psychology}}

'''Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing''', shortened as '''EMDR''', is a form of therapy often used for [[post-traumatic stress disorder]]. In its simplest form, EMDR consists of focusing on memories while engaging in side-to-side eye movement or other bilateral stimulation. It was developed by {{wpl|Francine Shapiro}} in the late 1980s.

While major health organizations endorse the use of EMDR and it is considered safe, the exact efficacy of EMDR is not agreed upon in the scientific community. Many psychologists criticize it for merely being a {{wpl|Purple hat therapy|"purple hat"}} (i.e., a [[placebo]] added to an already effective therapy) version of [[desensitization|exposure therapy]] and that the theory behind the unique elements of it are [[pseudoscientific]].<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/19/well/emdr-therapy.html</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|psychology}}
[[Category:Pseudoscience]]

Categories: Pseudoscience
ENGAGE

{{islam}}
'''ENGAGE''', also known as '''iENGAGE''' is a [[United Kingdom|British]] organisation devoted to improving the popular image of [[Islam]]. Its approach to this task involves laying into liberal Muslims (such as Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, for criticising the [[burqa]] and niqab<ref>[http://www.iengage.org.uk/component/content/article/976-alibhai-brown-continues-her-shrill-crusadeagainst-burqa-and-niqab-wearers Alibhai-Brown continues her shrill crusade against Burqa and Niqab-wearers]</ref><ref>[http://www.iengage.org.uk/component/content/article/731-alibhai-browncompares-burqa-wearers-to-anorexics-and-drug-addicts Alibhai-Brown compares Burqa-wearers to 'anorexics and drug addicts']</ref>) while defending extremists (the organisation objected to the government banning of [[Islam4UK]]<ref>[http://www.iengage.org.uk/component/content/article/722-govt-faces-widespread-criticism-for-futile-banon-islam4uk-but-gains-support-of-qf-and-bmsd Govt faces widespread criticism for 'futile' ban on Islam4UK but gains support of QF and BMSD]</ref>).

==See also==
*[[Muslim Council of Britain]]
*[[Anjem Choudary]]
*[[Muslims Against Crusades]]

==External links==
* [http://www.iengage.org.uk/ Official website]

==References==
{{reflist|1|90%}}

[[Category:Organizations]]
[[Category:Islam]]
{{stub|Islam|Islam}}

Categories: Organizations, Islam
EPR paradox

{{Physics}}
The '''EPR paradox''' is a [[thought experiment]] proposed by [[Albert Einstein|Albert '''E'''instein]], Boris '''P'''odolsky, and Nathan '''R'''osen.  It was proposed in a 1935 paper in ''Physical Review'' titled, "Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete?"<ref name=epr>[http://www.drchinese.com/David/EPR.pdf PDF version] of EPR paper.</ref>

The EPR paradox was created with the intention of demonstrating that [[quantum mechanics]] is incomplete because it violates '''local realism'''.  Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen felt that an underlying theory incorporating "hidden variables" must exist.  However, subsequent experiments showed that locality is indeed violated ''(action at a distance)'', and most physicists today consider "hidden variable" theories intractable.

==See also==
* [[Quantum entanglement]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Paradoxes]]
[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Thought experiment]]
{{stub|science}}

Categories: Paradoxes, Physics, Thought experiment
Ear stapling

{{altmed}}
'''Ear stapling''' is the practice of inserting a thin surgical staple to continuously stimulate specific [[acupuncture]] points in the cartilage of the outer middle ear. While the main fad centers around the ever-popular notion of "effortless" weight loss by appetite suppression, the technique is also used for migraine, insomnia, stress and [[smoking]] cessation, and just about anything else you care to name.

The Mayo Clinic cautions that ear stapling for weight loss is unlikely to work, and poses a serious risk of infection.<ref>[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/ear-stapling-for-weight-loss/AN01476 Mayo Clinic weight loss forum]</ref>

==The theory==
The concept of stimulating pressure points around the ear by stapling is loosely derived from [[acupuncture]] in the form of ''[[Auricular therapy|auriculotherapy]]'' or ''auricular acupuncture''. These therapies operate on the basis that the ear can be used to map the body in microcosm, much as [[reflexology]] uses the foot.

Acupuncture theory maintains that the body will adjust to a piercing of this nature and cease to have benefits, so it is not uncommon for people to have the staples removed and replaced at intervals in a slightly different location.

==Safety and regulation==
The practice of ear stapling, regardless of its merits or lack thereof, presents an obvious danger of infection if not performed to scrupulous standards of hygiene and aftercare. Serious infections have resulted from "back-alley" ear stapling.<ref>http://www.msnewsnow.com/story/4831079/patients-still-recovering-from-ear-stapling-problems</ref> In many regions the practice remains unregulated, and typical venues for the procedure include full-service hair salons and day spas.

==See also==
*[[Weight loss woo]]
*[[Ear candling]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Alternative medicine]]
[[Category:Alternative medicine-related stubs]]

Categories: Alternative medicine, Alternative medicine-related stubs
Earl K. Long

[[File:Earl_Long_portrait.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Uncle Earl]]{{uspolitics}}
{{cquote|Earl is my brother but he's crooked. If you live long enough he'll double cross you.|4=[[Huey Long]]}}

'''Earl Kemp Long''' {{lived|1895|1960}} was a [[Louisiana]] politician, and member of the Long dynasty.  Critics characterized him as mentally unstable and a [[red-baiting|red baiter]].<ref>Boulard, Gary ''The Big Lie''</ref> Earl was committed to an asylum while governor and promptly used his executive powers to free himself.<ref>[http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1959/Governor-Earl-Long-Goes-Crazy/12295509433704-5/ UPI:1959 Year In Review Governor Earl Long Goes Crazy]</ref> 

He became governor of the state for the first time after the previous governor resigned for "health reasons". The fact that he was soon convicted for mail fraud had nothing to do with his resignation.<ref>[http://www.sos.la.gov/tabid/402/default.aspx Louisiana Secretary of State website's page on Earl K. Long]</ref> Outside of the swamp, he is mostly known for being portrayed by Paul Newman in a film about his affair with a stripper.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0096943/ IMDB:''Blaze'']</ref> "Uncle Earl" was an extremely effective campaigner, particularly in the field of mud-slinging.<ref>[http://www.louisiana101.com/rr_earl_long.html Louisiana 101:Earl Kemp Long]</ref>

==Good Uncle Earl==
*Mandated equal pay for teachers regardless of race
*Right before he died, decried segregation.<ref group=note>Though he was pretty loopy at the time, and was likely motivated by his own pull with black voters</ref>
*Advocated a free lunch program for students

==Bad Uncle Earl==
*Dissolved the Civil Service System to increase his power.
*Participated in his [[Huey Long|brother's]]  corruption framework.<Ref>[http://www.hueylong.com/legacy/louisiana-after-long.php Huey Long's Legacy] Admittedly, they couldn't implicate him</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qy8ImPFWZRA Listen to the man]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Long, Earl K.}}
__NOTOC__
[[Category:Lawyers]]
[[Category:Former United States Governors]]
[[Category:United States politicians]]

Categories: Lawyers, Former United States Governors, United States politicians
Earth Liberation Front

[[File:Elf..png|thumb|165px|ELF logo]]
{{enviro}}'''Earth Liberation Front''' is an international [[environmentalism|environmentalist]] organization engaged in [[direct action]] in order to prevent activities harmful to the environment. Founded in 1992 in the [[UK]], it gradually expanded across multiple nations, including the [[United States]]. It does not have any centralized leadership, instead using a decentralized autonomous cell model to prevent the movement being broken by government action. They claim to specifically avoid causing deaths, while presumably costing someone somewhere a lot of money.  

It's considered to be one of the most dangerous domestic terrorist networks in America, and is one of the most extreme [[hard green]] (itself a neo-fascist ideology) groups still in existence… so dangerous that their first known action in the U.S. was to glue the locks shut at a McDonald's in Oregon in 1996, and vandalism at McDonald's and Arby's seems to be a frequent recurrence for these folks. However, they also claimed credit for a 1998 arson of the Vail, Colorado ski resort, a case which remained unsolved until 2006 when it turned out it really was ELF who did it.<ref>[http://www.denverpost.com/ci_4839920 Denver Post: 2 Plead Guilty to Vail Arson]</ref> ELF has been implicated in many arsons since, sometimes claiming credit in conjunction with the [[Animal Liberation Front]].

ELF is the subject of a 2011 documentary film, ''If a Tree Falls: A Story of the Earth Liberation Front''.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1787725/ Internet Movie Database entry]</ref>

==See also==
*[[Animal Liberation Front]]
*[[Hard green]]
*[[Ecoterrorism]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Anarchism]]
[[Category:Environmentalism]]
[[Category:Hard green]]
[[Category:Terrorist_organisations]]

Categories: Anarchism, Environmentalism, Hard green, Terrorist_organisations
Earth changes

{{pseudoastronomy}}
'''Earth changes''', a brand of [[Apocalyptic literature | apocalyptic]]<ref>"[http://www.paoweb.com/glossf.htm Glossary of Some Important Terms]". ''Planetary Activation Organization'' website.</ref> [[woo]] coined by alleged "[[prophet]]" [[Edgar Cayce]], has become popular among some segments of the [[New Age]] movement. Cayce, who died in 1945 after issuing hundreds of [[channelling|channeled writings]], prophesied the Earth's [[pole shift|axis would shift]], [[California]] would fall into the ocean, and other major changes in the Earth's ecology and atmosphere would occur.

Variations on Cayce's prophecies have since been issued by other "channelers," among them [[Ramtha]]/J.Z. Knight, and in some cases linked to the [[Gaia hypothesis]], as a kind of "Mother Earth strikes back at humanity" scenario. Just about anyone anticipating some New-Age apocalypse will point to alleged Earth changes — increased numbers of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and so on — as a sign that the end is near. Evidence of such increases is not usually forthcoming.

The more extreme believers in Cayce's prophecies have, unsurprisingly, taken up [[survivalism]] to prepare.

==See also==

* [[2012 apocalypse]]
* [[Climate change]]
* [[Robert W. Felix]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|pseudoastronomy}}

[[Category:New Age]]
[[Category:Silly "Earth" theories]]
[[Category:Woo]]

Categories: New Age, Silly "Earth" theories, Woo
Earth science

{{fork|1=}}

Earth science is a catch-all term for the natural sciences that study the planet [[Earth]]. The main branches include:

*[[Geology]], the study of the Earth's surface and composition and how they change over time, and is considered the main Earth science.
*Meteorology, the study of Earth's atmosphere and includes related fields such as [[climate change|climatology]].
*Oceanography, the study of the [[ocean]]s.
*[[Astronomy]], the study of the [[universe]]. While it is often grouped with [[physics]], astronomy is important to Earth science as the [[sun]] and [[moon]] as well as meteor impacts have all had a significant effect on the Earth. Similarly, the methods of Earth science are often used to study [[exoplanet]]s as well as other celestial bodies.

[[Category:Science]]

Categories: Science