M.S. Swaminathan

[[File:Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan - Kolkata 2013-01-07 2674.JPG|165px|thumb|right|M.S. Swaminathon in 2013.]]
[[File:Wheat yields in selected countries, 1951-2004.png|165px|thumb|right|The Green Revolution in action.]]
'''Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan''' (7 August 1925 - 28 September 2023), more commonly referred to as '''M.S. Swaminathan''' was an [[India]]n [[geneticist]] and researcher known for his work helping introduce and develop high yielding crops to India. Along with [[Chidambaram Subramaniam]] and [[Norman Borlaug]] he is considered one of the most important figures in [[India|India's]] Green Revolution. The first winner of the World Food Prize in 1987<ref>"[https://www.worldfoodprize.org/en/laureates/19871999_laureates/1987_swaminathan/ 1987: Swaminathan - The World Food Prize - Improving the Quality, Quantity and Availability of Food in the World]". www.worldfoodprize.org.</ref> he is highly regarded for his large volume of research on a number of topics. Swaminathan is strongly committed to promoting [[Biology|biotechnology]], maintaining [[biodiversity]], [[Sustainable development|sustainable agriculture]], ending hunger, and combating [[poverty]].<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/father-of-green-revolution-gives-call-for-evergreen-revolution/articleshow/58200698.cms</ref> He has called for an "Evergreen Revolution".<ref>Swaminathan, M. S. (2010). From Green to an Ever-green Revolution. In Science And Sustainable Food Security: Selected Papers of MS Swaminathan (pp. 1-21).</ref>

==Agricultural research==
Swaminathan was first inspired to combat food insecurity in the midst of the [[Great Bengal Famine of 1943|Great Bengali Famine]]. Partially caused by the [[Japan|Japanese]] invasion of [[Burma]] in [[WW2]] and poor [[British Empire|British]] wartime polices, it was the last major famine to hit India, killing roughly 3 million people, mostly in Bengal (hence the name).<ref group=note>India had a long history dealing with famines. The British Raj had gone about 50 years without one before the Bengali famine hit. In addition to the death toll, it was a galvanizing moment for the independence movement.</ref> 
M.S Swaminathon's [[Botany|agricultural work]] has primarily focused on the potato, which has since become a staple food source in modern India. His research was conducted in the [[Netherlands]], [[United Kingdom]], and later the [[United States|American]] midwest where he turned down a potential faculty position with the University of Wisconsin to return to India. Much of his work was on the genetics of the domestic and wild potato and the ability to transfer useful genes from wild stains of ''Solanum''(nightshades) to domestic crops. His doctoral thesis studied [[Chromosome|chromosomal]] differences between strains within the ''Solanum'' species as related to difficulties in hybridized potato breeding.<ref>Howard, H. W., & Swaminathan, M. S. (1952). Species differentiation in the section Tuberarium of Solanum with particular reference to the use of interspecific hybridization in breeding. Euphytica, 1(1), 20-28.</ref> 
[[File:Potato transportation to cold storage in India (1).jpg|175px|thumb|left|Potatoes en route to storage in India. Potatoes are one of India's major crops, with over 31 million tonnes produced in 2017.[http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize]]]

==Administrative and bureaucratic work==
After his education was finished in the United States Swaminathon returned to India where for about the next two decades he worked in the civil service in a number of high ranking administrative positions. As a prominent public official, he helped introduce Mexican semi-dwarf wheat plants to India. From 1972 to 1979 he was director general of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, and he was principal secretary of the Indian ministry of agriculture and irrigation from 1979 to 1980. He served as director general of the International Rice Research Institute (1982–88) and as president of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (1984–90). <ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/biography/M-S-Swaminathan M.S. Swaminathan | Indian scientist]". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 9 January 2020.</ref> He is currently serving as one of the directors of The Hunger Project and remains active in agricultural politics and science.<ref>[https://www.thp.org/staff/swaminathan M. S. SWAMINATHAN*]</ref>

==External links==
* [https://www.mssrf.org/ Official website]

==Notes==
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==References==
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[[Category:Indians]]
[[Category:Biologists]]
[[Category:Biotechnology]]
[[Category:Genetics]]
[[Category:GMO]]
[[Category:Microbiology]]
[[Category:Scientists]]

Categories: Indians, Biologists, Biotechnology, Genetics, GMO, Microbiology, Scientists