Pogrom

{{antisemitism}}
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A '''pogrom''' is a violent riot aimed against a person or personal property based on the victim's [[racial]], [[ethnic]], [[religious]], or social background or lifestyle. The term was originally used for race riots against [[Judaism|Jewish]] communities, but has also been used since in reference to other groups. Historically many pogroms - particularly against Jews - were perpetrated with the tacit approval or even outright support of local rulers and non-Jewish businesspeople. 

==Examples of pogroms==
* The {{wpl|Alexandrian riots}} of 38 [[CE]] was likely the first recorded pogrom in human history; the racial hatred towards the Jews was likely instigated by {{wpl|Aulus Avilius Flaccus}}, the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] prefect of [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]].
* The {{wpl|Rhineland massacres|German Crusade}} was inspired by the call for Christians across Europe to [[Crusades|take Jerusalem from the Muslims]]; due to the view that the Jews were as evil as the Muslims, the Germans took it upon themselves to drive them out.
* The {{wpl|Lisbon massacre}} was a series of persecutions by [[Catholic]]s against the "New Christians", recently converted Jews, who were perceived to be secretly practicing [[heresy|Judaism]].
* The [[Russia]]n [[Tsar]]ist rule of government of the 19<sup>th</sup> century was renowned for its cruelty towards the Jewish population of Russia.
* The {{wpl|Adana massacre}} of resident Armenians in the [[Turkey|Ottoman Empire]] in 1909; the massacre lasted for over a month and resulted in 30,000 deaths.
* The {{wpl|Ocoee massacre}} in Miami, Florida which resulted in 50 to 60 African Americans being killed.
* The [[Tulsa race massacre]] in 1921 where 55 to 300 [[African Americans]] were murdered during the destruction of "Black Wall Street".
* The {{wpl|1929 Hebron massacre|massacre of Jewish residents and immigrants of Hebron}} in Mandatory [[Palestine]] by their [[Arab]] neighbors.
* [[Nazi Germany]] was also home to Jewish pogroms in the late 1930s; the most well-known pre-war pogrom was {{wpl|Kristallnacht|Kristallnacht}}.
* The {{wpl|Iași pogrom}} was launched by the [[fascist]] government of [[Romania]] and killed up to 13,226 Jews.
* The {{wpl|Lviv pogroms}} perpetrated by [[Ukrainian]] nationalists against Jews in [[Poland]]. 
* The {{wpl|Kielce pogrom}} in Poland was the result of a [[moral panic]] that Jewish refugees were kidnapping children; this pogrom is especially notable because it happened a year after [[WWII]] against victims of the [[Holocaust]].
* The {{wpl|1984 anti-Sikh riots|anti-Sikh riots}} in [[India]] after the assassination of [[Indira Gandhi]].
* The anti-Tamil riots in [[Sri Lanka]] by the Sinhalese; this event is commonly called {{wpl|Black July}} and is considered to be the beginning of the Sri Lanka civil war.
* The {{wpl|Baku pogrom}} against the [[Armenia]]ns living in [[Azerbaijan]].
* The {{wpl|Mława riot}} in Poland against the [[Roma]].
* In a historical [[irony]], fanatical Jewish settlers in the West Bank have perpetrated pogroms against [[Palestinians]] every now and again.
* The {{wpl|Crown Heights riot}}, a three-day riot against Hasidic Jews in Crown Heights (Brooklyn, [[New York]]) by a Caribbean and American mob partially instigated to action by the [[Al Sharpton|Reverend Al Sharpton]].
* The {{wpl|2002 Gujarat riots|Gujarat pogrom}} was a riot by Hindu Indians against the Indian Muslims; Indian Muslims retaliated by driving out Hindus from their communities. The Indian government was blamed for its complicity and the racial hatred was believed to have been incited by Hindu nationalists like [[Narendra Modi]].
* In 2004, [[Serbian]]s were {{wpl|2004 unrest in Kosovo|driven from their homes}} by [[Albania]]ns in [[Kosovo]] 
* In recent years, [[Burma]] has been home to pogroms against the smallish [[Muslim]] community (known as Rohingya) by [[Buddhist]] [[nationalist]]s.

==See also==
*[[Antisemitism]]
*[[Ethnic cleansing]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|racism}}

[[Category:Crimes against humanity]]
[[Category:Genocide]]
[[Category:Racism]]
[[Category:Antisemitism]]

Categories: Crimes against humanity, Genocide, Racism, Antisemitism