trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Bradley effect

{{significantly problematic}}{{race}}{{Needs sources}}The '''Bradley effect''' refers to the sometimes significant discrepancy between voter opinion polls and actual election results when candidates are of different [[race]]s.

==Origins==
It is named for Tom Bradley, an [[African-American]] who lost the 1982 [[California]] governor's race despite being ahead in voter polls.  Less commonly called the Wilder effect, it reflects a tendency on the part of white voters to tell pollsters that they are undecided, or likely to vote for a black candidate, to make a show of how enlightened and progressive they are.  Then on election day, in the privacy of the voting booth, they think "the hell with that" and choose the white candidate.

==Cause==
There is indeed a tendency for people to 
<choose>
<option weight=1>lie through their back teeth</option>
<option weight=1>fib a little</option> 
<option weight=1>try to make themselves look better</option>
<option weight=1>tell massive, whopping great lies</option>
</choose> 
in surveys and opinion polls, particularly if a response would otherwise be frowned upon. This has to be taken into account by psychologists doing studies on sensitive subjects where, even though they're anonymous, people may outright lie, even as a form of denial. In the particular case of the Bradley effect, it is due to the risk of being perceived as a racist that people may claim support for a candidate of an ethnic minority.

==Barack Obama==
In recent years there was discussion over whether [[Barack Obama]] was experiencing the Bradley effect. In some cases during the Democratic primaries, the Bradley effect was reversed, while in others it may have been a factor.<ref>http://people.iq.harvard.edu/~dhopkins/wilder13.pdf</ref><ref>http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2008/02/the_bradley_effect.html</ref> The difference between open and private polling may have also been a cause. However, [[racist|some people]] still very ''publicly'' smear Obama because he's black.

==See also==
*[[Politics]]
*[[Essay:Election 2008: Racism in America]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Political terms]]
[[Category:United States politics]]

Categories: California, Political terms, United States politics
Brahma Kumaris

{{sources needed}}
{{Hinduism}} 
The '''Brahma Kumaris''' is a [[new religious movement]] that has [[Hinduism|Hindu]] roots. It follows a form of [[millennialism]], related to the traditional Hindu belief in "[[yuga]]s" or ages. Followers of Brahma Kumaris believe the "yugas" repeat themselves every 5000 years. They believe that the world was destroyed and recreated approximately 5000 years ago. In that respect, their beliefs are somewhat similar to [[young earth creationism]].

Outside of India, the movement has branches in many major cities in Western Europe. Millennialism is de-emphasized to the public and may nowadays be less emphasized internally. 

They meditate in the early morning.

Another trait of the cult, which is unusual for Hinduism, and nearly all other religions, is that it gives a higher status to women than to men.
{{stub|cults}}
[[Category:Cults]]
[[Category:Hinduism]]
[[Category:Religious leaders]]

Categories: Cults, Hinduism, Religious leaders
Brain, Mind and Consciousness Society

{{DISPLAYTITLE:Brain, Mind and Consciousness Society (BMC)}}
[[File:bmc.jpg|thumb|right|upright|]]
{{newage}}
The '''Brain, Mind and Consciousness Society''' is a group started at the University of [[California]] Santa Cruz<ref>Go Banana Slugs!</ref> in 2011 with several thousand members spanning the South Bay Area. Ostensibly a "[[cognitive science]]" group, the Society promotes a host of [[New Age]] [[woo]] including [[spiritualism]],<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120528064332/http://www.brainmindconsciousness.org/node/44</ref>, [[quantum woo]]<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9p-mQr0qIFE&feature=youtu.be "BMC Class 2013: Relativity, Quantum Physics and Modern Cosmology (David Shugar) PART 1"]. ''YouTube''. 10 April 2013. Retrieved on 5 October 2015.</ref> [[chakra|chakras]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150415184619/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDAIUUvF6bk&t=6m0s "BMC Conference - Empath"]. ''YouTube''. 7 May 2013. Retrieved on 5 October 2015.</ref>and the work of [[Deepak Chopra]] and [[Masaru Emoto]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120528064307/http://www.brainmindconsciousness.org/archive</ref> as well as many other varieties of [[pseudoscience]]. The Brain, Mind and Consciousness Society is best described as a [[hippie]] group, and most prominently advocates for [[other ways of knowing]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120529031503/http://www.brainmindconsciousness.org/node/29</ref> through the consumption of hallucinogenic [[drug]]s<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120530044640/http://www.brainmindconsciousness.org/node/42</ref> as well as skepticism about the nature of empiricism and the scientific method.<ref>[https://soundcloud.com/bmcfreeradio/sets "bmcradio"]. ''SoundCloud''. Retrieved on 5 October 2015.</ref> This group is closely associated with [[Esalen]] and other New Age groups. Students be warned!

==See also==
* [[Other ways of knowing]]
* [[Noetic science]]
* [[Esalen]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{stub|New Age|New Age}}
[[Category:New Age]]

Categories: New Age
Brandenburg Test

{{law}}
The '''Brandenburg Test''' is a legal framework used to determine whether or not [[free speech]] can be limited in cases where it stands to incite violence or [[crime]]. It replaced the "clear and present danger" test established by the 1919 [[Supreme Court]] case ''[[Schenck v. United States]]''.

According to the Brandenburg Test, the government may legally prohibit speech if:

# Speech is "directed to inciting or producing ''imminent'' lawless action" '''and'''
# Speech is "likely to incite or produce such action"<ref>https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/brandenburg_test</ref>

==Brandenburg ''v.'' Ohio==
The Brandenburg Test was established in 395 U.S. 444 (1969), Brandenburg ''v.'' Ohio.

In this case, Clarence Brandenburg, a rural Ohio [[KKK]] leader was appealing a $1000 fine and prison sentence. He was charged with:<ref name=supremecourt>https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/395/444</ref>
{{cquote|advocat[ing]… the duty, necessity, or propriety of crime, sabotage, violence, or unlawful methods of terrorism as a means of accomplishing industrial or political reform

and for

voluntarily assembl[ing] with any society, group or assemblage of persons formed to teach or advocate the doctrines of criminal syndicalism.}}

All this is to say that the guy advocated for "revengeance"<ref name=supremecourt/> against the usual cast of characters targeted by [[racists]]. According to the state of [[Ohio]], advocating for revenge against these groups of people constituted a criminal act. The United States Government thought otherwise, since it didn’t advocate for ''imminent'' action.

==Aftermath==
Since ''Brandenburg v. Ohio'' (1969), the Brandenburg Test has been accepted by proponents of free speech as protecting America’s [[First Amendment]] right. It is often cited as an "unfortunate price of freedom".

==See also==
*''[[Schenck v. US]]''
*[[Ku Klux Klan]]
*[[The Daily Stormer]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{stub|law}}

[[Category:Freedom of speech]]
[[Category:Ohio]]
[[Category:United States Constitution]]

Categories: Freedom of speech, Ohio, United States Constitution
Bread and circuses

{{politics}}{{cquote|The illusion of freedom will continue as long as it's profitable to continue the illusion. At the point where the illusion becomes too expensive to maintain, they will just take down the scenery, they will pull back the curtains, they will move the tables and chairs out of the way and you will see the brick wall at the back of the theater.|||[[Frank Zappa]]}}
'''Bread and circuses''' (from the [[Latin]] ''panem et circenses'') is when an [[authoritarian]] politician stays in power by distracting the [[sheeple]] with trivialities so that they do not realize that the government is screwing them over. Often, this tactic works.  The phrase was coined by the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] satirist Juvenal.

Examples include the use of gladiatorial games (and the eponymous chariot races) in Ancient Rome, dictatorial elections (where there is only one person on the ballot, and it's the incumbent), and appeals against the so-called "[[Militant atheism|war on]] [[religion]]" during times of economic distress. A fictional example is the titular competition in the recent [[dystopian]] novel series ''{{wpl|The Hunger Games||'';}} the books go so far as to name their fictitious regime "Panem", straight out of the original Latin. Other examples include the 1975 dystopian film ''Rollerball'', which also has a gladiatorial theme, and Oceania's society as described in ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'', where the Proles are fed with junk entertainment mass-produced by the [[:Category:Misnomers|Ministry of Truth]] and bad beer.

==All out of bubblegum==
Many [[conspiracy theorists]], such as [[Alex Jones]], [[Alan Watt]], and [[Mark Dice]], often argue that the [[Illuminati]]/global elite is responsible for using [[sports]], [[music]], [[Films|film]], and other forms of entertainment as modern day bread and circuses. This is being done to distract the [[sheeple]] from their deviant plans to form a [[one world government]] and to then [[Useless eaters|kill 80%, or 90%]] (depending on which moron you're listening to) of the world's population.

In 2010 and 2012, Dice boycotted the [[Fun:American football|Super Bowl]] for this very reason, and cited the fact that the founder of the NFL, Walter Camp, was a [[Skull & Bones]] member, and used this as "evidence" that it is an "Illuminati created distraction"!<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NalWbK_2gPo&feature=youtu.be</ref>

Granted, one only has to look as far as borderline-conservative-propaganda shite like ''[[God's Not Dead]]'' and ''[[Sound of Freedom]]'' to see the [[grain of truth]] in these half-baked theories.{{fact|joke}}

==See also==
*[[Facebook]]
*[[Conspiracy theories]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|politics}}

[[Category:Authoritarianism]]
[[Category:Conspiracy theories]]

Categories: Authoritarianism, Conspiracy theories
Brian Deer

[[File:Brian Deer.jpg|right|thumb|165px|Brian Deer at a Westminster Skeptics meeting in 2010.]]{{vax}}

'''Brian Deer''', an investigative reporter for the ''Sunday Times'',  has become best known for his work on investigating issues around the [[Vaccine hysteria| MMR/autism controversy]], specifically related to the work of the now-discredited doctor [[Andrew Wakefield]]. Deer's investigation into Wakefield<ref>
Popularised in ''The Doctor Who Fooled the World'', Brian Deer (Scribe UK, 2020) ISBN ‎978-1911617808.
</ref>
was instrumental in getting the UK's General Medical Council in 2007 to launch a formal inquiry into Wakefield, leading to them striking Wakefield from the medical register in 2010.

Deer's investigations revealed in 2004 that Wakefield's research that led to Wakefield's 1998 paper in ''The Lancet'' was funded by the Legal Aid Board as part of a civil suit and that a number of the children he studied were litigants in said suit.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/timeline-how-the-andrew-wakefield-mmr-vaccine-scare-story-spread-8570591.html Timeline: How the Andrew Wakefield MMR vaccine scare story spread], ''The Independent''</ref>

A 2004 television documentary led to Wakefield suing Deer for [[Chilling effect#Libel|libel]] in the UK, a  case which Wakefield later dropped.  Articles Deer wrote for ''[[The BMJ]]'' in 2011 led to Wakefield suing Deer for libel in Texas in 2012. The judge dismissed this suit for lack of jurisdiction.

Deer has also investigated other medical controversies, including {{wpl|Vioxx}} (rofecoxib).

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7UbL8opM6TM Brian Deer's 2004 exposé film on Andrew Wakefield]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|Anti-vaccination movement}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deer, Brian}}
[[Category:Journalists]]
[[Category:Anti-vaccination movement]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Categories: Journalists, Anti-vaccination movement, Living people
Brian O'Leary

{{sources needed}}[[File:Brian todd oleary nasa bio photo.jpg|right|thumb|165px|Official NASA photograph.]]{{conspiracynav}}
'''Brian O'Leary''' (1940-2011) was a [[NASA]] scientist-astronaut,<ref>This was a specific title for people whose job was not to fly spacecraft, but perform research in them.  Later, this became the "Mission Specialist" position in the Space Shuttle program.</ref> recruited as a member of the sixth astronaut group in August 1967. He resigned a year later without ever flying in space.

He appeared in Fox TV's 2001 "documentary" ''[[Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon?]]'', which re-ignited public interest in the [[Moon landing hoax]] claims. His interview during the show appears to support the hoax claim; later, it turned out that he had been [[quote mining|quoted out of context]].<ref>http://www.clavius.org/oleary.html</ref>

In his later years, he became an advocate of the [[free energy suppression]] [[conspiracy]] theory.<ref>[http://www.brianoleary.info/The%20Energy%20Solution%20Revolution.html An example book of his]</ref> He believed that we have been visited by aliens and claimed to have detailed knowledge of their technology, something to do with [[Thrive|toroids]].<ref>https://youtu.be/yO0T05kQkbs</ref>

O'Leary relocated to Vilcabamba, Ecuador in 2008 to found the Montesuenos retreat together with his wife, artist Meredith Miller. He died there of intestinal cancer in 2010.

==External links==
*[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/oleary-bt.html Brian O'Leary's biography] at NASA's Johnson Space Center website
*[http://www.brianoleary.info/ Official website]

==Publications==
*{{cite book |last=O'Leary |first=Brian |title=The making of an ex-astronaut |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |location= |pages=243 |year=1970 |asin= B0006C0CT6}}
*{{cite book |last=O'Leary |first=Brian |title=The fertile stars |publisher= Everest House |pages=132 |location= |year=1981 |isbn=978-0896960794}}
*{{cite book |last=O'Leary |first=Brian |title=Exploring Inner and Outer Space: A Scientist's Perspective on Personal and Planetary Transformation |publisher= North Atlantic Books |pages=182 |year=1989 |isbn=978-1556430695}}
*{{cite book |last=O'Leary |first=Brian |title=The Second Coming of Science |publisher= North Atlantic Books |pages=151 |year=1993 |isbn=978-1556431524}}
*{{cite book |last=O'Leary |first=Brian |title=Miracle in the Void: Free Energy, Ufos and Other Scientific Revelations  |publisher=Kamapua's Pr |pages=278 |year=1996 |isbn=978-0964782600}}
*{{cite book |last=O'Leary |first=Brian |title=The Energy Solution Revolution: A Socio-Political Journey Through the Tangled World of Free and Clean Energy, Its Promise, Its Suppression and Its Logical Necessity for Our Survival |publisher= Bridger House Publications |pages=272 |year=2009 |isbn=978-0979917646}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:O'Leary, Brian}}
[[Category:Astronauts]]
[[Category:Conspiracy theorists]]
[[Category:Free energy]]{{stub|conspiracy theories}}

Categories: Astronauts, Conspiracy theorists, Free energy
Brights Movement

{{atheism}}
[[ File:Brights amended.jpg |frame|The Brights logo, slightly amended for accuracy.]]
The '''Brights Movement''' describes "brights" as follows:<ref>http://www.the-brights.net/</ref>

* A bright is a person who has a [[philosophical naturalism|naturalistic]] worldview.
* A bright's [[worldview]] is free of [[supernatural]] and [[mysticism|mystical]] elements.
* The [[ethics]] and actions of a bright are based on a naturalistic worldview or [[humanism]].

As a consequence "The Brights Movement" is naturally open to anyone who has a [[Rationalism|rationalistic]] or naturalistic worldview. It is essentially an attempted re-branding of [[atheism]], with a silly and somewhat embarrassing name intended to give atheism a positive spin.

== Aims ==

The movement describes its aims as:<ref>http://www.the-brights.net/movement/synopsis.html</ref>

* Promote the civic understanding and acknowledgment of the naturalistic worldview, which is free of supernatural and mystical elements.
* Gain public recognition that persons who hold such a worldview can bring principled actions to bear on matters of civic importance.
* Educate society toward accepting the full and equitable civic participation of all such individuals.

==History==

The term "bright" was coined (or stolen) to be used in this context in 2002 by Paul Geisert,<ref>[http://www.the-brights.net/people/enthusiastic/index3.html Brights Net biography entry on Paul Geisert]</ref> similar to how the word "gay" came to be claimed by the [[homosexual]] community as an attempt to re-brand it as something positive. In that case, "gay" originally meant happy and was non-threatening; in this case, "bright" is often taken to mean sharp and intelligent in quite a fun way, the complete opposite of how [[atheists]] are perceived in some parts of the world.

== Enthusiastic brights ==

Enthusiastic brights supposedly include [[Daniel Dennett]], [[James Randi]], [[Steven Pinker]], [[Michael Shermer]], [[Richard Dawkins]], and [[Penn and Teller|Penn & Teller]].<ref>http://www.the-brights.net/people/enthusiastic/index.html</ref> Some people take their Bright-ness ''very'' seriously, and [http://www.the-brights.net/people/expressions.html got a Bright logo tattoo].

==Reception==

The Brights Movement has met with mixed responses. Some, such as Dawkins, actively support the idea and self-declare themselves as a bright. But there are many negative reactions to the movement, even from those who it would technically include.  Its detractors find the choice of the term to be embarrassingly condescending since it implies everyone who isn't a bright must be "dim" - perhaps useful as [[snark]], but not as a name for a broad-based umbrella movement. Many of its detractors also note the power of the [[euphemism treadmill]]. Indeed, the mixed reaction just demonstrates that making atheists unite behind an idea is about as successful as herding cats.

==See also==
*[[PEARL]]
*[[Atheism+]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Atheism]]
[[category:neologisms]]

Categories: Atheism, neologisms
Brigitte Gabriel

{{pundits}}
'''Hanan Qahwaji''' {{lived|1964}}, better known as '''Brigitte Gabriel''', is a [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] [[Christian]] TV pundit who used to work for Middle East Television when it was owned by the South Lebanon Army, a Christian militia allied with [[Israel]]. (The station was later sold to [[Pat Robertson]] and relocated to [[Cyprus]] after the Israeli occupation troops abandoned South Lebanon.)<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/08/us/08gabriel.html?pagewanted=all</ref> 

Today, she travels the world giving presentations sponsored by [[Zionism#Christian_Zionism|Christian Zionist]] and far-right groups, alleging that [[Islam|Muslims]] are [[conspiracy theory|conspiring]] to seize power in the world, and promoting an unverified personal biography as a victim of [[Hezbollah]] and [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] [[terrorist]]s.<ref>http://www.cufi.org/site/MessageViewer?em_id=11901.0</ref> Her articles appear on many right-wing American websites. Although her beliefs bear a striking resemblance to classical [[antisemitism]], she is also supported by some [[Judaism|Jewish]] groups, including Aish HaTorah ("Fire of the Torah") which receives funding from the [[Israel]]i government. After she shared a stage in [[Australia]] with their (then) Prime Minister John Howard, some Jewish groups there distanced themselves from the content of her speech.<ref>http://jewsdownunder.com/2015/03/15/aussie-rabbi-attacks-brigitte-gabriel/</ref>

She founded ''ACT! for America'' in 2007 to protect America from the evil 
terrorists
 Muslims.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|religion}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gabriel, Brigitte}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Christians]]
[[Category:Conspiracy theorists]]
[[Category:Islamophobes]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Middle East]]
[[Category:Right-wing activists]]

Categories: Authors, Christians, Conspiracy theorists, Islamophobes, Living people, Middle East, Right-wing activists
Brinkmanship

'''Brinkmanship''' is a strategic tactic in which you take a dangerous dispute or conflict and escalate it to the closest possible point to disaster (usually [[war]] or some other military conflict), only to back off at the last second. It is often used to attempt to steer negotiations in one's preferred direction. It entered widespread use in most Western countries during the [[Cold War]], especially concerning the Cuban missile crisis.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-brief-history-of-brinkmanship-1503507520 A Brief History of Brinkmanship], ''Wall Street Journal'', August 23, 2017, Amanda Foreman</ref>

==See also==
*[[Mutually assured destruction]] — the penultimate
*[[Nuclear war]] — the ultimate

==External links==
*[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/brinkmanship Definition] at Merriam-Webster Dictionary

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{stub|war}}
British Centre for Science Education

{{crenav}}
The '''British Centre for Science Education''' (BCSE) is a [[United Kingdom]] organisation formed to campaign against the teaching of [[creationism]] in schools and against [[creationism in the UK]] in general. It has been in operation since 2006.  

The organization describes part of its objectives as follows:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061209022211/http://bcseweb.org.uk/index.php/Main/HomePage BCSC Homepage objectives]</ref>{{Dead link}}

{{cquote|We have become deeply worried about attacks on science education, particularly from creationists funded from the USA, and our campaign is dedicated to keeping all forms of creationism including Intelligent Design out of the science classroom in the UK.}} 

The BCSE protested when the prominent [[intelligent design]] group [[Truth in Science]] (TiS) sent information packs to every UK secondary school in September, 2006. They estimated that TiS had, at that point, spent around £116,000, including employment of a full-time administrator. Mike Brass, chairman of BCSE, said in a letter to ''[[The Guardian]]'', "intelligent design (ID) is creationism dressed up in a [[Linux|tux]] to sneak into our science classrooms." They were even mentioned in an Early Day Motion in Parliament.

The BCSE has been met with hostility from the [[Discovery Institute]], in particular [[William Dembski]] has written negatively of the BCSE in his blog, "[[Uncommon Descent]]". The Discovery Institute's website suggests that the BCSE is closely associated with the American NCSE and the British Humanist Association. In reality, there are no formal links and it should be emphasised that BCSE (like NCSE, with which it corresponds on occasion) is religion neutral and includes committed believers among its active members and supporters.

The BCSE site is the leading source of information on Creationist and Intelligent Design in the UK, and once maintained an discussion forum, although this appears to now be defunct.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200626053535/http://forums.bcseweb.org.uk/ Archive of the BCSE forum] From Wayback Machine</ref>

==See also==
* [[Texans for Better Science Education]]
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061209022211/http://bcseweb.org.uk/index.php/Main/HomePage BCSE website]
*(Some of the above was shamelessly nicked from {{wpl|British Centre for Science Education}})

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{crebox}}

[[Category:Educational institutions]]
[[Category:United Kingdom]]

Categories: Educational institutions, United Kingdom