Universal Life Church

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The '''Universal Life Church''' (ULC) is a mail-order [[church]] (or {{wpl|ordination mill||)}} that will ordain anyone as a [[minister]] for life, for no charge. They do this without regard for anyone's beliefs or lack thereof. Ask and ye shall receive.

The original Universal Life Church was founded by {{wpl|Kirby J. Hensley}} in 1959 and incorporated in 1962. As of 2019, multiple organizations operate under similar names and provide similar services.

==Marriage, state laws, and the ULC==
To date, the vast majority of American states require that only judges, officers of the court, clergy, or ordained ministers have the legal right to bind two people in a marriage. (Some states, however, will give anyone a license to officiate at a wedding for one day in exchange for a fee.)  Anyone who is an [[atheist]], a [[freethinker]], a born-again-church-hater, or who just wants their best friend to officiate is out of luck. L (Contrary to popular belief, ship captains have never had the right to officiate weddings. This mythological power of a ship's captain appears notably as an essential part of the drama of in ''The African Queen'', an excellent movie but wrong about that detail.) The ULC's primary function is to provide people a back door beyond these archaic and religionistic laws. The need for "non-religious" clergy is doubly important for states which have legalized [[same-sex marriage|same-sex unions]].

Some states require that a person have a Doctor of Divinity to qualify as a chaplain, to perform funerals, and other traditionally religious societal functions. The ULC and rival organizations offer honorary Doctor of Divinity degrees as well as ordinations, which legally satisfy the requirements of state laws (at least in some states), allowing people to use the prefix Reverend Doctor (Rev Dr) or the suffix (D.D.) to their name. Honorary degrees, which are not accredited and require no work or training, are not uncommon in the world of church ministry. For example, Rev Dr [[Billy Graham]], D.D., never studied for a degree, but was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Divinity degree (though this was from an established educational institution, not an ordination mill).

In 2001, the U.S. state of [[Utah]] attempted to ban the validity of mail-order and online ordinations for the purpose of performing [[marriage]]s, specifically targeting the ULC, but when the ULC challenged this law, the court ruled in favor of ULC ordinations being valid and struck down the ban.<ref>Universal Life Church v. State of Utah, January 17th, 2002.  See [http://www.ulccaselaw.com/ulc-legal-cases.php Universal Life Church Legal Cases].</ref>

==Doctrine and beliefs==
The ULC has no specific doctrine or beliefs, and partner and spinoff organizations often offer training in the beliefs of New Age religious movements such as Wicca and Neo-Paganism, as well as Asian traditions such as Buddhism. The lack of doctrine (shared with similarly named organizations such as the [[Unitarian Universalist]] Church) has caused some confusion, leading to President Donald Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner, an ordained ULC minister, referring to himself as an "Internet Unitarian Minister."<ref>https://religionnews.com/2018/01/04/jared-kushner-isnt-an-internet-unitarian-but-he-is-ordained/</ref>

==Schisms, spin-offs, and rip-offs==
Several rival organizations use the name Universal Life Church, or suspiciously similar terms, since the name cannot be trademarked due to the implications of the word "universal".

In 2006, the ULC split with two competing organizations now claiming the name: the Universal Life Church based in California, and the Universal Life Church Monastery based in Seattle. Both offer free ordinations via mail or online. Various ULC websites exist as feeders to one or the other.

The Universal Life Church World Headquarters is an unaffiliated Universal Life Church which (at least nominally) adheres to a traditional doctrine of [[Christian]] faith.<ref>[http://www.ulcnetwork.com Universal Life Church World Headquarters]</ref> The ULCWHQ's status as a faith-based church, something its website makes a big deal about, is probably intended to keep it more immune to legal challenges than the other organizations, since the lack of religious doctrine has often been the basis of cases against the ULC. The ULCWHQ's "Become a Minister" page strongly suggests that it was set up for this purpose, and deliberately adopted the ULC's name, in phrases such as "We Are The Only Universal Life Church That Offers Legal Faith Based Ordination Within a Traditional Doctrine of Faith".<ref>[http://www.ulcnetwork.com/become-a-minister.html Become a Minister]</ref>

While most other ULC organizations offer free ordinations, the ULCWHQ requires anyone ordering an ordination to buy a "credential packet" and ID card, totalling over $75.<ref name=store>[http://uniqueweb.cart32.com/cgi-bin/cart32.exe/ULCCOMMUNIT-store Universal Life Church World Headquarters online store]</ref> The credential packet includes a misprinted certificate stating "Memeber in Good Standing" [sic.], something the ULCWHQ attempts to pass off as "proper etiquette & spelling for an ordination certificate".<ref>[http://uniqueweb.cart32.com/cgi-bin/cart32.exe/ULCCOMMUNIT-store?catid=1054017550&prodid=1054306120 Ministry Credential Packet details, at ULCWHQ store]</ref>

As well as ordinations (free or otherwise), Universal Life Church organizations offer a range of services and merchandise for their "clergy", usually for a profit, including wedding supplies, reference materials for performing ceremonies, registration letters (required for officiating in some states), correspondence courses<ref>[https://www.ulcseminary.org/seminaryApplication.php You will be required to '''WRITE AN ESSAY''', a long dissertation, in order to receive your degree]</ref><ref>[https://www.quora.com/Are-Universal-Life-Church-degrees-accredited The '''ULC Seminary''' is racked up too as having many diplomas, each one follows a 33 week course, tests, and a '''400 word''' essay before each final exam & The person who wants an easy degree, don't be fooled: in the ULC Seminary's requirements are much more rigid than those of the church]</ref> and honorary degrees.<ref name=store/><ref>[http://store.ulcseminary.org/ ULC Seminary online store]</ref>

==Tax evasion and other scams==
In the past, some [[tax protester]]s attempted to use ULC ordinations as an excuse not to pay taxes: obtaining a free ordination, then starting a "church" with themselves as the only member, and taking a vow of "poverty" while placing their assets under the [[tax-exempt]] status of their "church".<ref>See [http://itrl.idr.iowa.gov/mx/hm.asp?id=1FF this example] from 1983.</ref> The [[Internal Revenue Service]] has cracked down on this practice, defining what constitutes a "church" (in terms on tax status) in a fourteen-point set of criteria, and now even the ULC website warns members to be cautious about their tax assessments.<ref>[http://blog.themonastery.org/2007/10/irs-fourteen-points/ "IRS Fourteen Points"] at ULC (Monastery).</ref> However, ULC ordinations and validity are recognized in many localities depending on various state and national laws.<ref>[http://ulc.net/index.php?page=wedding_laws Evidenced by their ability to perform marriage in many states]</ref>

Following in the footsteps of the Native American Church, which holds [[peyote]] as a sacrament, some people have attempted to found churches seeking to claim a religious exemption for the use of [[marijuana]] in religious services, etc. One such church — the Free Marijuana Church of Honolulu — was founded by Bernard von Nothaus, the founder of [[Liberty Dollar]], a [[libertarian]] "alternative" currency.<ref>[http://www.splcenter.org/blog/2009/01/06/liberty-dollar-creator-seeks-greener-grass "‘Liberty Dollar’ Creator Seeks Greener Grass"], [[Southern Poverty Law Center]], January 6, 2009</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.ulc.net/ ULC Online]
*[http://www.themonastery.org/ the ULC Monastery]
*[http://www.ulcseminary.org/ ULC Seminary]
*[http://www.ulchq.com/ Modesto ULC Headquarters]

==References==
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[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Culture wars]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Religion]]

Categories: California, Culture wars, Law, Religion