Giordano Bruno

[[File:Giordano_Bruno_Campo_dei_Fiori.jpg|thumb|165px|Not an evil wizard!]]{{philosophy|1}}
'''Giordano Bruno''', born '''Filippo Bruno''' {{lived|1548|1600}}, was an Italian [[Mathematics|mathematician]], [[Philosophy|philosopher]], and [[Astronomy|astronomer]]. Oh, and also a Dominican friar. He was burned at the stake<ref group=notes>Thus making him a fryer as well as a friar</ref> in 1600 by the [[Inquisition]] for being a [[pantheism|pantheist]], and partly due to his expansion of [[Copernicus|Copernican theory]] in which the sun was merely a star and that there were an infinite amount of worlds inhabited by intelligent beings,<ref>[http://www.theharbinger.org/xvi/971111/birx.html The Harbinger]</ref> despite that many of those same cosmological beliefs had been held by Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa.
After his death, Bruno gained considerable fame, being particularly celebrated by 19th- and early 20th-century commentators who regarded him as a martyr for science, although most historians agree that his heresy trial was not a response to his cosmological views but rather a response to his religious and afterlife views.

==Religious views==
Bruno believed that each race had its own  [[Garden of Eden]], be it those on other worlds and those on [[Earth]]. He also believed that [[God]] was not divine, but simply a very talented magician, and that [[Satan]] will eventually be saved. Needless to say, these views weren't exactly mainstream.

==Execution==
On the way to the stake:
{{cquote|As the parade moved on, Bruno became animated and excited. He reacted to the mocking crowds, responding to their yells with quotes from his books and the sayings of the ancients. His comforters, the Brotherhood of St. John, tried to quiet the exchange, to protect Bruno from yet further pain and indignity, but he ignored them. And so after a few minutes the procession was halted by the Servants of Justice. A jailer was brought forward and another two held Bruno’s head rigid. A long metal spike was thrust through Bruno’s left cheek, pinning his tongue and emerging through the right cheek. Then another spike was rammed vertically through his lips. Together, the spikes formed a cross. Great sprays of blood erupted onto his gown and splashed the faces of the brotherhood close by. Bruno spoke no more. … as the fire began to grip, the Brothers of Pity of St. John the Beheaded tried one last time to save the man’s soul. Risking the flames, one of them leaned into the fire with a crucifix, but Bruno merely turned his head away. Seconds later, the fire caught his robe and seared his body, and above the hissing and crackling of the flames could be heard the man’s muffled agony.<ref>Michael White, The Pope & the Heretic: The True Story of Giordano Bruno, the Man Who Dared to Defy the Roman Inquisition</ref>}}

==[[Vatican]] position==
In 1942, the cardinal who rediscovered the trial documents said the church was perfectly justified in executing him. In 2000 another cardinal said the event was "sad" but still supported the executioners.<ref>Seife, Charles, "Vatican Regrets Burning Cosmologist", in ScienceNOW, March 1st, 2000.</ref> 

==See also==
*[[Galileo]]
==Notes==
{{reflist|group=notes}}
==References==
{{reflist}}

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[[Category:Astronomers]]
[[Category:Italy]]
[[Category:Mathematicians]]
[[Category:Philosophers]]
[[Category:Scientists]]

Categories: Astronomers, Italy, Mathematicians, Philosophers, Scientists