Megachurch

[[File:Cornerstone Church Toledo worship.jpg|thumb|right|225px|Worship at the Cornerstone Church in Toledo, [[Ohio]].]]
{{christianity}}
{{cquote|‘When two or three are gathered together in my name.’ Not just one. But not a hundred either. Two or three.|||Simone Weil}}
{{cquote|But thou, when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly.|||{{bible|Matthew|6|6}}}}
{{cquote|Take these things hence; make not my Father's house a house of merchandise.|||{{bible|John|2|16}}}}

A '''megachurch''' (also known as a '''McChurch''') is defined as a church that receives more than two thousand parishioners every Sunday. That is only the dry [[Wikipedia]] definition, though. It is, in fact, a money-sucking device invented for the purpose of getting upscale Baby Boomer and Generation X families in the exurbs and suburbs back into church, turning them into a ready-made [[Republican Party]] voting bloc, and, of course, making its owners mighty rich.

Many megachurches are controlled by charismatic personalities and devolve into [[personality cult]]s, inevitably resulting in many examples of scandalous and criminal behavior on behalf of the church and leaders.<ref>There are many sensational examples of megachurch scandals. To cite just three, [[Colorado]] megachurch leader [[Ted Haggard]] was exposed as a methamphetamine user and a regular customer of Denver's male prostitutes; the lead pastor and board of elders of a Chicago, [[Illinois]]-based megachurch [https://www.thedailybeast.com/chicago-megachurch-leadership-resigns-over-sexual-harassment-scandal resigned after a sex scandal in 2018], and influential Filipino megachurch head [[Apollo Quiboloy]] went into hiding as both Philippine authorities and the [[FBI]] are pursuing him over business anomalies, human trafficking and widespread sexual abuse among others, and was later arrested in September 2024.</ref>

==Theology==
Most megachurches follow either [[evangelicalism|evangelical]] or [[Pentecostal]] beliefs, and their politics and social views lean towards the [[religious right|conservative]]/[[fundamentalist Christianity|fundamentalist]] end of the spectrum. Some of the larger ones are associated with a prominent [[televangelist]] or [[radio]] preacher. While some megachurches are associated with the [[Baptist]]s (especially the [[Southern Baptist Convention]]), many more consider themselves non-denominational, i.e. independent, not connected to a larger church organization, and with theology and structure dictated solely by the owner/head pastor.

More old-fashioned Christians often accuse megachurches of shaky theology. Despite their frequent support for socially conservative causes, they also have a reputation for being spiritually shallow, focusing more on "feel-good" positive messages and creating a sense of fellowship among parishioners (all the better to mold them into good little Stepford smilers) as opposed to building a genuinely deep and lasting faith in them.<ref>[[Chuck Colson|Colson, Charles]] and Ellen Santilli Vaughn. [https://web.archive.org/web/20020930123009/http://www.rebuildjournal.org/articles/mcchurch.html "Millions are served, but are they being fed?"] ''Christianity Today'', 23 November 1992 (recovered 4 July 2015).</ref> Messages of self-sacrifice and service to God, or of punishment and penance for [[sin]], often go unspoken in sermons in favor of variations on the [[Name it and claim it|Prosperity Gospel]], [[Cafeteria Christianity|downplaying any precise doctrinal stances]] that could turn people off. When evangelical Christianity's membership and political power began to decline in the '10s, many Christians argued that the megachurches had only themselves to blame.<ref>Parker, Erik. [http://millennialpastor.net/2015/03/15/5-truths-we-dont-want-to-admit-about-church-decline/ "5 Truths We Don't Want to Admit About Church Decline."] ''Millennial Pastor'', 15 March 2015 (recovered 24 January 2016).</ref><ref>Hinch, Jim. [https://theamericanscholar.org/where-are-the-people/#.VqWXxvkrLIU "Where Are the People?"] ''The American Scholar'', 6 December 2013 (recovered 24 January 2016).</ref>

==Bizarre characteristics==
[[File:Easter 2016 Worship Service At Grace Baptist Church Knoxville, Tennessee.jpg|thumb|right|345px|Easter service at Grace Baptist Church in Knoxville, [[Tennessee]].]]
===Megachurch gimmicks===
Megachurches use a lot of gimmicks to attract people (especially those in their twenties and thirties): [[Christian rock|rock music]] in the service, Christian motorcycle clubs, [[Skateboarding|skateboarder]] ministries (a notable example being that of {{wpl|Christian Hosoi||,}} a contemporary of {{wpl|Tony Hawk}} and fellow vert skater who was arrested in 2000 for attempting to traffic meth but went on to become a pastor shortly after his release<ref>[https://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/column-3-an-interview-with-christian-hosoi-professional-skateboarderpastor An Interview with Christian Hosoi, Professional Skateboarder/Pastor]</ref>), [[mall ninja|martial arts]] groups such as the {{wpl|Power Team||,}} "[[spiritual warfare]]", etc. They have chucked out the old hymns and sing a lot of repetitive "praise and worship" choruses. They are known for huge buildings with plush carpeted auditoriums, Jumbotrons, and modern sound systems, and incorporate bookstores, snack bars, fitness centers, schools, day cares, parking lots the size of several football fields (gotta love that [[suburban sprawl]]), and the kitchen sink — all of it serving to create a one-stop shop that acts as the focus of parishioners' social lives. (Can't let them get any ''worldly'' ideas that the pastor hasn't approved! Why, no, this isn't [[cult]]-like at all…)

===Joining process===
Generally, people are born into a church, they are [[Baptism|baptized]] (if their church does youth baptism), they go to Sunday school, they take lessons in their church's catechism, and they are confirmed as a teenager (or baptized, if their church believes strictly in adult baptism). Or, if they convert as adults, they will take catechism instruction and then be baptized.

By contrast, joining a megachurch can be more like a job interview. Instead of catechism instruction, the prospective megachurch member may be put through a rigorous series of classes to determine what "spiritual gifts" (read: skills the church can exploit for $$$) the prospective member has, at which point they are assigned to such groups as the skateboarders' ministry or the "Gearheads for God" assembly.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100906050545/http://www.theamericanview.com/index.php?id=1006</ref>

==Target audience==
[[File:Hillsong church worship01.jpg|thumb|right|365px|Hillsong Church in Sydney, [[Australia]].]]
The most successful megachurches are predominantly based in suburban and exurban areas, most notably in the American South (aka the "[[Bible Belt]]") but also in the Midwestern and Western United States. Megachurches are rarer in the Northeast, possibly because of the preponderance of [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Protestant#Mainline Protestantism|"mainline" Protestant]] churches, [[secularism]], and [[Liberalism|liberal]] politics in that part of the country, though this isn't to say that they don't exist in the region; notably, Boston was the incubator for the aptly, if embarrassingly,<ref group=note>Hehehe, "BM".</ref> named [[The International Churches Of Christ (Boston Movement)|Boston Movement]]. Megachurches tend to be predominantly white, although [[African American|black people]] are also well-represented in both the laity and in the top ranks: [[Creflo Dollar]], Eddie Long, T. D. Jakes, and Charles Blake are among the more prominent black megachurch pastors. Latinos, conversely, are a vanishingly rare sight in most megachurches, likely due to the fact that most Latinos are Catholic. In terms of age, membership is skewed towards those between the ages of 35-49, i.e. people who came of age in the 1980s and '90s. The foremost growth years for megachurches as a whole were in the 2000s, which were, not coincidentally, the era of the [[George W. Bush]] administration, though they seem to have leveled off since then.<ref>[http://ig.onlinechristiancolleges.com/mega-business.jpg This infographic], containing various statistics on megachurches and quotes from some of their pastors. (Source: OnlineChristianColleges.com)</ref>

The number of parishioners for a megachurch can often be deceiving. If you're wondering how they can fit so many thousands of people into one building… well, usually, they don't. Most megachurches have multiple sites (typically between two and four, though some have more than that) that often hold only about two thousand people each, and hold multiple services on Sunday and at other times throughout the week at each site, often with different styles of preaching and presentation to cater to different markets.<ref>Grossman, Cathy Lynn. [http://religionnews.com/2015/12/02/megachurch-evangelical-christians/ "The megachurch boom rolls on, but big concerns are rising too."] ''Religion News Service'', 2 December 2015 (recovered 9 July 2016).</ref>

The US is not alone in hosting the megachurch phenomenon. [[Australia]], unfortunately, also has to put up with the likes of [[Hillsong|Hillsong Church]] in Sydney's western suburbs,<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/news/National/Hillsongs-true-believers/2004/11/06/1099547435083.html "Hillsong's true believers."] ''The Australian'', 7 November 2004 (recovered 4 July 2015).</ref> which has the same sort of mass media machine as its American counterparts, most famously the worship band Hillsong United, which grew out of their youth ministry and whose success reaches internationally. It also has the same sort of scandals — financial shadiness, sexual abuse, [[lying for Jesus]], support for Australia's [[religious right]], and most bizarrely, vote-stacking on ''Australian Idol'' to ensure that church-sanctioned contestants won.<ref>Nethercote, Jean. [http://www.crikey.com.au/2007/10/10/australian-idol-where-are-the-singing-buddhists/ "'Australian Idol': Where are the singing Buddhists?"] ''Crikey'', 10 October 2007 (recovered 4 July 2015).</ref> [[South Korea]] also has to deal with them, playing host to four of the ten largest megachurches in the world, including the largest, the Yoido Full Gospel Church in Seoul with a membership of over 830,000 people and a head pastor whose record of scandal is not too dissimilar to his American counterparts.<ref>Bell, Matthew. [https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-05-01/biggest-megachurch-earth-facing-crisis-evangelism "The biggest megachurch on Earth and South Korea's 'crisis of evangelism'."] ''Public Radio International'', 1 May 2017 (recovered 19 July 2018).</ref> In [[Brazil]], meanwhile, evangelical Pentecostals in the American mold have grown into a major force in the nation's political and religious culture, supporting the right-wing candidacy of [[Jair Bolsonaro]] and flaunting extravagant wealth (including a church in São Paulo modeled after the Temple of Solomon) in order to lure in new parishioners with promises that (you guessed it) God will make them rich — an enticing prospect in a nation gripped by economic crisis.<ref>Bailey, Sarah Pulliam. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/social-issues/forget-the-germans-this-is-where-the-protestant-reformation-debates-are-happening-now/2017/10/29/7723af30-b807-11e7-be94-fabb0f1e9ffb_story.html?utm_term=.3c0e094df65f "How the prosperity gospel is sparking a major change in predominantly Catholic Brazil."] ''[[The New York Times]]'', 31 October 2017 (recovered 19 July 2018).</ref> Perhaps due to the Philippines' legacy as a former American colony and subsequent influence in the country's culture, megachurches are also a notable minority amid the predominantly Roman Catholic population. The [[Iglesia ni Cristo]] is considered by critics to fall under the megachurch banner in terms of business practices, and [[Apollo Quiboloy]]'s Kingdom of Jesus Christ also gained notoriety both for its lavish facilities and the antics of its founder.

Note that, while megachurches by definition have congregations in the thousands, not all large churches are megachurches. [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] cathedrals, for instance, are often grand buildings that can accommodate well over a thousand people, and often as many as three thousand or more, but these churches are almost never called megachurches, as the tight leash of the Catholic Church keeps them from the sort of doctrines and practices that define megachurches.

==See also==
*[[Creflo Dollar]]
*[[Fast Food Christianity]]
*''[[Fireproof]]''
*[[John Hagee]]
*[[Name it and claim it]]
*[[Rick Warren]]
*[[Bethel Church]]

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160103140544/http://bipartisanreport.com/2016/01/01/televangelist-says-he-needs-private-jet-because-demons-fly-commercial/ Televangelists Say They Need Private Jets Because ‘Demons Fly Commercial’ (Video)]

==Notes==
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==References==
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[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Prosperity gospel]]

Categories: Christianity, Prosperity gospel