trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Journal of Scientific Exploration

{{pseudosciencenav}}{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Journal of Scientific Exploration''}}
The '''''Journal of Scientific Exploration''''' ('''''JSE''''') is a [[peer review| "peer-reviewed"]] [[pseudojournal]] put out by the Society for Scientific Exploration (SSE). Like many pseudoscience promoting organizations, their name is misleading. According to the website:
{{cquote|The JSE is the quarterly, peer-reviewed journal of the SSE. Since 1987, the JSE has published original research on [[consciousness]], [[Quantum woo|quantum]] and [[biophysics]], [[unexplained aerial phenomena]], [[alternative medicine]], new energy, [[sociology]], [[psychology]], and much more. The journal also contains book reviews, letters to the editor, and peer correspondence.}}

JSE has much less to do with [[science]] than it does with whatever pet [[crank]] theories its editors are out to promote. It's chock-full of all kinds of [[woo]], including (but not limited to) alternative medicine, [[astrology]], [[remote viewing]], [[AIDS denial]], [[quantum woo]], [[UFO]]s, and much, much more! The Society also puts out a magazine called ''EdgeScience'', possibly trying to ape [http://edge.org/ this] organization dedicated to actual science.

The [[spiritualist]] crank [[Stephen E. Braude]] operates as the Editor-in-Chief of the journal.

==External links==
*[http://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/ JSE homepage]
*[http://rabett.blogspot.com/2010/11/journal-of-scientific-exploration-is.html Eli Rabett's favorite papers]

[[Category:Pseudojournals|Scientific Exploration]]
[[Category:Parapsychology]]
[[category:woo]]
[[Category:Misnomers]]

{{stub|pseudoscience}}

Categories: Pseudojournals, Parapsychology, woo, Misnomers
Judy Blume

[[File:JudyBlume2009(cropped).jpg|thumb|165px|Judy Blume, 2009.]]{{books|1}}
'''Judy Blume''' {{lived|1938|}} is an [[United States|American]] [[author]] of fiction for children and young adults.  Her works are frequently attacked<ref>[http://www.ala.org/ala/issuesadvocacy/banned/frequentlychallenged/challengedauthors/index.cfm Most Frequently Challenged Authors], American Library Association</ref> for their frank discussion of such [[taboo]] topics as [[masturbation]],<ref>[http://www.judyblume.com/books/middle/maybe.php ''Then Again, Maybe I Won't'']</ref> [[premarital sex]],<ref>[http://www.judyblume.com/books/ya/forever.php ''Forever'']</ref> and [[menstruation]].<ref>[http://www.judyblume.com/books/middle/margaret.php ''Are You There God?  It's Me, Margaret'']</ref>

Blume has described how [[censorship]] was almost nonexistent at one point in her career, but the American election of [[Reagan|1980]] and the rise of the [[Moral Majority]] changed matters:
<blockquote>Of course, they couldn't keep the occasional anecdote from reaching me: the mother who admitted she'd cut two pages out of ''Then Again, Maybe I Won't'' rather than allow her almost thirteen-year-old son to read about wet dreams. Or the young librarian who'd been instructed by her male principal to keep ''Deenie'' off the shelf because in the book, Deenie masturbates. "It would be different if it were about a boy," he'd told her. "That would be normal."<br><br>

The stories go on and on but really, I wasn't that concerned. There was no organized effort to ban my books or any other books, none that I knew of, anyway...<br><br>
 
Then, almost overnight, following the presidential election of 1980, the censors crawled out of the woodwork, organized and determined. Not only would they decide what their children could read but what all children could read. It was the beginning of the decade that wouldn't go away, that still won't go away almost twenty years later. Suddenly books were seen as dangerous to young minds. Thinking was seen as dangerous, unless those thoughts were approved by groups like the Moral Majority, who believed with certainty they knew what was best for everyone.<ref>[http://www.judyblume.com/censorship/places2.php ''Places I Never Meant to Be'']</ref></blockquote>

Following her experiences with censorship, Blume has become a noted opponent of book-banning, arguing that censorship sends the message that "books are dangerous, there's something in this book we don't want you to know."<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fuhp3VTQQ2Q Judy Blume for the Banned Books Virtual Read-Out], [[YouTube]]</ref> The censorship on those subjects also promotes the dangerous idea that there is something wrong with normal and healthy sexual impulses. Her situation is arguably another example of the [[Streisand effect]]; she has won 90 literary awards since.

==External links==
*[http://www.judyblume.com Official website]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Blume, Judy}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Sexuality]]
[[Category:Jews]]

Categories: Authors, Living people, Sexuality, Jews
Juicing

[[File:A_photo-shopped_image_of_Cherie_Calbom_%27The_Juice_Lady%27.png#file|thumb|165px| Cherie Calbom, a/k/a "The Juice Lady".]]{{foodnav}}
{{hatnote|Not to be confused with anabolic steroid use.}}
'''Juicing''' is the process of extracting juice from fruit and vegetables. Juicing machines for personal use are called '''juicers''' and range in price from a few dollars to over a thousand, and drinking juice from these things is supposed to [[cleanse]] the body of non-specific [[toxin]]s. The ''real'' purpose of these frequently expensive devices, though, is to [[Woo|empty the buyer's wallet]], as drinking juice from a juicer is no healthier than eating the whole food<ref>[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/juicing/AN02107 Juicing: What are the health benefits?], Mayo Clinic.</ref> or (by extension) drinking a smoothie made with an ordinary blender. (Those who really want or need pure liquids can just buy any inexpensive juicer or filter blender-made smoothies with a strainer.)

Advertisers make some amusing claims, such as "this juicer is more efficient than any other juicer on the market"; of course, eating the actual food is 100% efficient, and using a blender is nearly so (depending how thoroughly you scrape out the blender into your glass). They also frequently highlight the fact that you can add sweet fruits to vegetable cocktails to make them tastier. What they don't tell you is that doing this has a side effect: Since juicers put all the solid parts into one bin, when the juice is done you're left with stringy, unpalatable, orange-broccoli-apple-spinach-grapefruit-tomato-carrot leftovers, which you'll probably throw out. So much for efficiency.

Juicing removes most of the fiber from the product, so it'd be healthier to just make a smoothie.

==External Links==
*[https://www.juiceladycherie.com/Juice/about-cherie/ Cherie Calbom, a/k/a ''"The Juice Lady"'', claims to be ''"America's most trusted nutritionalist"''], <br>who allegedly shit-out ''"[http://archive.is/7ymcI a tumor the size of golf ball"]'' after consuming nothing but juice for five days.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|Food woo}}{{foodbox}}

[[Category:Food woo]]

Categories: Food woo
Julia Assante

{{psychic}}{{hatnote|Not to be confused with [[Julian Assange]].}}

{{cquote|I don't care about delineating imagination from [[reality]], because for me reality's a pretty slippery thing too.|||Julia Assante<ref name="podcast">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130612235351/http://www.merseysideskeptics.org.uk/2013/05/be-reasonable-episode-005-julia-assante Be Reasonable: Episode #005 – Julia Assante]</ref>}}

'''Julia Assante''' is an American [[crank]] author, medium and [[spiritualist]].
Assante claims to have been a [[medium]] and psychic since 1977. She charges large amounts of money for her mediumship services and has lectured on [[woo]] topics such as [[remote viewing]] and energy healing.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130604015456/http://www.juliaassante.com/about-the-author/julia-the-intuitive/ Julia, The Intuitive]</ref> Assante, however, was not originally a spiritualist crank; she received a doctorate in Archaeology and Art History of the Ancient Near East from Columbia University.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130604020311/http://www.juliaassante.com/about-the-author/julia-the-scholar/ Julia, The Scholar]</ref> 

Assante is the author of the book ''The Last Frontier: Exploring the Afterlife and Transforming Our Fear of Death'' (2012). The book is well known for its endorsement of [[quantum woo]] and fraudulent mediums, which she claims have scientifically proven the afterlife. Assante has written that [[Helen Duncan]] and her [[ectoplasm]] "spirits" were genuine. This seriously undermines her credibility as Duncan was exposed throughout her career as a fraud. The ectoplasm of Duncan was made from a painted papier-mâché mask draped in an old sheet, and in other cases from cheesecloth. 

According to Assante, the [[Irish]] medium [[Eileen Garrett]] channeled information from deceased persons from the R101 airship, which crashed killing 48 of the 54 people on board, However, the alleged R101 séances have been refuted by skeptics. She also claims [[reincarnation]] has been scientifically proven. Assante does not refer to any skeptical material in her book and ignores any evidence of fraud. 

Assante is involved with "past life therapy," which she believes can cure many ills.<ref name="podcast"/>

The scientific community has rejected her credulous [[paranormal]] claims. She is well known as a [[pseudoscience]] promoter and her only supporters are other crank spiritualists such as [[Michael Prescott]] and [[Michael E. Tymn]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140730045441/http://whitecrowbooks.com/michaeltymn/entry/the_last_frontier_an_interview_with_author_julia_assante_ph.d “The Last Frontier”: An Interview with author Julia Assante, Ph.D. by Michael E. Tymn]</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.juliaassante.com/ Julia Assante]

==References== 
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Assante, Julia}}
[[Category:Paranormal]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience promoters]]
[[Category:Psychics]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Categories: Paranormal, Pseudoscience promoters, Psychics, Living people
Julie Beischel

{{Psychic}}
'''Julie Beischel''' is an author, [[spiritualist]], and co-founder of the Windbridge Institute.  

==Biography==
Beischel is the co-founder of the Windbridge Institute for Applied Research in Human Potential, a psychic [[woo]] organization that claims that things such as [[levitation]], [[psychokinesis]] to [[mediumship]] are scientifically genuine. Beischel obtained a Ph.D. in Pharmacology and Toxicology with a minor in Microbiology and Immunology (2003) from the University of Arizona.<ref>[https://www.windbridge.org/papers/CV_Beischel_2020_Jan.pdf Julie Beischel, PhD] ''Windbridge Institute''.</ref>

Beischel published the [[pseudoscientific]] book ''Among Mediums: A Scientist's Quest for Answers'' (2013) which claimed that mediums such as [[Leonora Piper]] communicated with the dead. The book ignored any evidence of fraud in the mediums that she wrote about. She has also supported the controversial experiments of [[Gary Schwartz]], which have been rejected by the scientific community.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100918224504/http://www.evidencefortheafterlife.com/psychics-and-mediums/2010/3/interview-afterlife-researcher-julie-beischel Interview with Afterlife Researcher Julie Beischel]</ref>

Beischel has published many pseudoscience articles in parapsychology journals claiming that mediums can contact the dead.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120517184626/http://noetic.org/library/magazines/shift-issue-17/3/ Talking to the Dead by Julie Beischel]</ref> Her claims have been rejected by the scientific community and her only supporters are other spiritualists such as [[Alex Tsakiris]] and [[Robert McLuhan]].<ref>[http://www.skeptiko.com/julie-beischels-does-reading-from-medium-relieve-grief Dr. Julie Beischel’s Research Asks — Does a Reading From a Psychic Medium Help Relieve Grief?]</ref>

==Publications==
*''Among Mediums: A Scientist's Quest for Answers'' (2013)
*''Meaningful Messages: Making the Most of Your Mediumship Reading'' (2013)

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140719203310/http://skepticforum.com/viewtopic.php?f=7&t=21439 A skeptical look at the mediumship claims of Julie Beischel]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110815063847/http://drjuliebeischel.blogspot.com/ Julie's blog]

==References== 
{{reflist}}
__NOTOC__
{{DEFAULTSORT:Beischel, Julie}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Paranormal]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience promoters]]
[[Category:Psychics]]

Categories: Living people, Authors, Paranormal, Pseudoscience promoters, Psychics
Junichiro Koizumi

{{politics}}[[File:Junichiro Koizumi 20010426.jpg|thumb|165px|left|Junichiro Koizumi]]
'''Junichiro Koizumi''' (小泉 純一郎, ''Koizumi Jun'ichirō'') {{lived|1942}} is [[Japan]]'s former prime minister (26 April 2001 – 26 September 2006), a [[right-wing]] [[populist]]<ref>https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/handle/10852/24218/Lindgren.pdf?sequence=2</ref> and a Japanese [[nationalist]]. He is considered to have been the politician who has turned elitist Japanese politics into [[populist]] and nationalist tendencies.

Economically, he was a politician with a very strong [[Neoliberalism|neo-liberal]] inclination within the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]].

Diplomatically, Koizumi maintained a very pro-[[U.S.]] and [[neoconservative]] line similar to [[Tony Blair]]. He actively supported [[George Bush]]'s [[War on Terror]]. He was also active in sending the Self-Defense Forces to [[Iraq]] and other foreign countries. This sparked the complaint that under his leadership, Japan violated Article 9 of its Constitution (a Constitution America help write), which states that Japan cannot use armed forces except in self-defense of its own soil. (To be fair, this provision is controversial in Japan itself, and other Second World War Axis-aligned belligerents, such as Germany and Italy, do not have this provision since they were allowed more freedom to write their own Constitutions.)

Koizumi is regarded as a politician who fundamentally changed the LDP. The LDP was a very elitist party, but its right-wing populist nature grew after Koizumi altered the views of the party. He turned the party's inclination toward nationalistic populism, which in turn resulted in a far-right nationalist politician [[Shinzō Abe]] and [[Yoshihide Suga]] becoming prime minister, who created the current political situation in Japan that dominated the LDP.

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{stub|politicians}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Koizumi, Junichiro}}
[[Category:Culture wars]]
[[Category:Japanese politics]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nationalism in Japan]]
[[Category:Neoconservatives]]
[[Category:Nippon Kaigi]]
[[Category:Right-wing activists]]

Categories: Culture wars, Japanese politics, Living people, Nationalism in Japan, Neoconservatives, Nippon Kaigi, Right-wing activists
Junk science

{{fork}}
"Junk science" can mean different things to different people.
*To [[scientists]], science [[journalist]]s, and people who support science, "junk science" means either [[pseudoscience]] or very badly conducted science (conclusions based on no [[experimental control]]s or no [[peer review]]).
*To pseudoscientists and pseudoscience promoters (read: idiots and/or [[charlatan]]s), "junk science" means science [[Cognitive dissonance|that disagrees with one's presuppositions]], [[Conflict of interest|often based on a profit motive]].
**[[Steven Milloy]] is a major proponent of this latter meaning of "junk science", taking money from [[libertarian]] [[think tank]]s [[Cato Institute]] and [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]] to promote unscientific ideas or to [[Denialism|deny]] scientific ideas for the [[tobacco]] and [[fossil fuel]] companies.
Ján Dudáš (slovensky)

{{hatnote|This article is written in Slovakian.}}
{{denialism|1}}
Doc. Ing. '''Ján Dudáš''', DrSc. je vysokoškolský pedagóg na Košickej Technickej univerzite, ktorý sa venuje elektrotechnike a elektromagnetizmu. Je predseda košického klubu "Stálej konferencie slovenskej inteligencie".

Okrem toho je hrdinom [[InfoVojna|InfoVojny]]. Po razii NAKA v jeho dome bol v konšpiračných a dezinformačných médiách vyhlásený za martýra. Nechal sa zastupovať nulitnou advokátkou [[Adriana_Krajníková|Adrianou Krajníkovou]].
== Popieranie holokaustu ==
Ján Dudáš napísal otvorený list '''riaditeľovi Múzea holokaustu v Seredi''', v ktorom sa vyjadril, že "pojem holokaust v Seredi je mytológia v rozpore so skutočnosťou".[https://www.infovojna.sk/article/list-docenta-dudasa-sefovi-muzea-holokaustu-v-seredi-ktory-ziadal-infovojnu-odstranit-clanok-o-svedectve-zidovskeho-lekara-z-koncentracneho-tabora]

Ďalej píše, že "skutočné utrpenie  židov i nežidov reprezentuje vedecké dielo (Rudolf, Germar (2015). Přednášky o holokaustu – Sporné otázky pod křížovým výslechem)." [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germar_Rudolf Germar Rudolf] je nemecký chemik a odsúdený popierač holokaustu. V roku 1995 bol v Stuttgarte odsúdený na 14 mesiacov za "Rudolfov Report" a za podnecovanie rasovej neznášanlivosti. Trestu sa vyhol útekom do Ameriky, no azyl mu neudelili. 14. novembra 2005 bol vydaný späť do Nemecka a putoval do väzenia. 15. marca 2007 ho Mannheimský súd odsúdil na dva a pol roka za podnecovanie k nenávisti, znevažovanie mŕtvych a ohováranie. ''Prednášky o holokauste'' mu skonfiškovali a zničili. Taktiež prišiel o €21,000 - zisk z predaja tejto knihy.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070505013032/http://www.n24.de/politik/article.php?articleId=107472&teaserId=108961 Haft für Holocaust-Leugner], N24, 15.3.2007</ref>

V rozhovore pre ZSI-Korene[https://zsi-korene.sk/rozhovor-s-doc-janom-dudasom-drsc-o-jeho-trestnom-stihani/] zase cituje "amerického historika a politika Davida Duka". [[David Duke]] je jeden z najznámejších amerických neonacistov, antisemitský konšpiračný teoretik a bývalý vodca KKK.

Podľa Dudáša "najväčší antisemita je štát Izrael", čo je smiešne, ak zároveň tvrdí, že "pojem antisemitizmus v súvislosti so židmi a sionistami je vyprázdnený a bezobsažný pojem". Dudáš totiž verí v tzv. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khazar_hypothesis_of_Ashkenazi_ancestry Chazarskú hypotézu] - ktorú väčšina súčasných vedcov odmieta - a síce, že predkovia aškenátskych židov boli chazarskí židia.

Toto vám, samozrejme, dezinformačné médiá nepovedia.

==Externé odkazy==
*[http://people.tuke.sk/jan.dudas/ Assoc. Prof. Ján Dudáš, DSc.] —&nbsp;Technická univerzita v Košiciach

==Referencie==
{{reflist|4|80%}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dudas, Jan}}
[[Category:Holocaust denialists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Slovensky]]

Categories: Holocaust denialists, Living people, Slovensky
Kaaba

[[Image:Kaaba.jpg|thumb|165px|left|Artist's impression of '' The Kaaba'']]{{Islam}} The '''Kaaba''' is a small building within the al-Masjid al-Haram (mosque) in [[Mecca]]. It is the main site of worship in [[Islam]]. In pre-Islamic times, it was a center of [[polytheistic]] worship. Most notable amongst the Arab gods was the patron god of the Quraish tribe, the moon-god Hubal.

The Kaaba contains a black stone (''al-Hajar al-Aswad'' or الحجر الأسود) which Muslims hold to have fallen from [[heaven]]. Traditionally, the stone is believed to have been white upon its descent, but has since turned black under the weight of earthly [[sin]]s (or just oxidation, perhaps…). It is also believed that on [[Judgement Day]], the stone will grow eyes and a tongue. The stone will speak for those who have sincerely touched it.<ref>{{wpl|Black Stone#Ritual role|WP:Black Stone}}</ref> The last two are not official Islamic doctrines. The stone is, according to many scholars, a meteorite. The stone is currently encased in a silver frame that is [[vulva]]r in shape.

In pre-Islamic times, the [[polytheistic]] believers walked around this holy building clockwise (with the rein hand to the worshiped Kaaba), similar to [[Hinduism|Hindu]] '''''Parikramā''''' (Devanagari: परिक्रमा). Since [[Muhammad]] made a deal with the rulers of Mecca, the believers have to walk in the other direction with their unreined hand to the worshiped building.

A reason for the [[Sunni]] injunction against depictions of [[Muhammad]] is that it would invoke [[idolatry]], something looked down upon in Islam. However, facing the Kaaba every time you pray, being obligated to journey to it at least once, and clambering over each other to snog a chunk of rock is a-okay. [[hypocrisy|Go figure.]]

The Kaaba is probably the most prayed to spot in the entire world. 5 times every day, 1.8 billion Muslims pray to this part of the world. If it wasn't for Islam, the Kaaba would've been a much less exciting place. 

 
==See also==
{{otherlang
|fr=Kaaba (français)}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{stub|Islam|Islam}}

[[Category:Geography]]
[[Category:Saudi Arabia]]

Categories: Geography, Saudi Arabia
Kaaba (français)

{{hatnote|This is a French translation of [[Kaaba]].}}
[[Image:Kaaba.jpg|thumb|150px|left|Vue d'artiste de la ''Kaaba'']]
{{Islamnav fr}}
La '''Kaaba''', située à La Mecque, est le principal lieu de culte de l'Islam. Dans les temps pré-islamiques, c'était un lieu de culte polythéiste. Le plus notable des dieux arabes était Hubbal, dieu protecteur de la tribu des Quraysh.

La Kaaba contient une pierre noire que les musulmans croient tombée du ciel. D'après la tradition, la pierre est supposée avoir été blanche lors de son arrivée sur Terre, mais a depuis viré au noir sous le poids des péchés terrestres (ou peut-être simplement par oxydation...). Il est dit aussi qu'au jour du jugement, la pierre se verra pousser des yeux et une langue <ref group="note">French Kiss !</ref>(''J'essaie d'imaginer ça !''. Elle parlera pour ceux qui l'ont sincèrement touchée<ref>{{wpl|Black_Stone#Ritual_role | Pierre Noire (Wikipedia)}}</ref>. La pierre noire est, selon de nombreux spécialistes, une météorite. 

Dans les temps pré-islamiques, les croyants polythéistes marchaient autour de cet édifice sacré en sens ante-chronologique (avec la main gauche pointée vers la Kaaba). Depuis que Mohammed a conclu une entente avec les dirigeants de la Mecque, les croyants doivent marcher dans l'autre sens, avec la main droite tendue vers la construction.

Une des raisons pour lesquelles les [[Sunni|sunnites]] rejettent les représentation de [[Muhammad|Mahomet]] est que cela pourrrait conduire à l'idôlatrie, chose très mal vue en Islam. Cependant, se prosterner en direction de la Kaaba, être obligé d'y aller au moins une fois dans sa vie et coudoyer ses voisins pour embrasser une pierre ne compte pas comme de l'idôlatrie. [[Cognitive dissonance|Mais bien sûr]].
==Voir aussi==
{{otherlang
|pagelang=fr
|en=Kaaba}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

[[Category:Français]]
[[Category:Geography]]

{{stub|Islam|Islam}}

Categories: Français, Geography
Kakuhido

{{mrm}}
The '''Kakuhidō''' (的非モテ同盟, or ''Revolutionary Unpopular Alliance'') are a community in the [[Japan]]ese [[incel]]osphere. Since they mostly consist of [[mancel]]s, they are also a part of the [[manosphere]]. Sometimes they leave their online world and protest against Valentine's Day.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/feb/12/japan-misanthropes-march-passion-capitalism-valentines-day Japanese misanthropes march against 'passion capitalism' of Valentine's Day] by Justin McCurro, ''The Guardian'', 12 February 2015</ref> The group has been described as misanthropic, [[Marxist]] and opposed to romance.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/11405651/Japanese-revolutionaries-plot-to-crush-St-Valentines-Day.html Japanese revolutionaries plot to 'crush St Valentine's day'], ''The Telegraph'' (paywall)</ref>

==External links==
* [http://kakuhidou.fumizuki.net/ Kakuhido official website] (in Japanese)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|sexuality}}
[[Category:Incelosphere]]
[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Sexuality]]

Categories: Incelosphere, Japan, Sexuality