trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
British Freedom Party

{{UKpolitics}}
The '''British "Freedom" Party''' was a minor far-right [[British]] [[Nationalism|nationalist]] [[political party]].<ref name=wp>{{wpa|British Freedom Party}}</ref> It was once touted by some as a successor to the floundering [[BNP]].

The party was registered in 2010 with Paul Weston as leader, George Whale as nominating officer and Richard Bateman as treasurer.<ref>[http://gatesofvienna.blogspot.com/2011/11/its-time-for-british-freedom.html "It's Time for British Freedom"] Gates of Vienna</ref>

British Freedom formed close relations with the [[English Defence League]], and in April 2012 it was announced that the EDL's founder [[Stephen Lennon]] (aka Tommy Robinson) would become the party's deputy leader.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2012/apr/28/britain-far-right-anti-islamic Britain's far right to focus on anti-Islamic policy], ''[[The Guardian]]'', 28 April 2012</ref> Lennon stepped down the following October, with plans for the EDL to stand candidates in elections itself.<ref>http://britishfreedom.org/tommy-robinson-steps-down-from-party-to-devote-all-his-energy-to-edl/</ref><ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/english-defence-league-to-become-political-party-and-stand-candidates-in-european-elections-says-8207698.html English Defence League 'to become political party and stand candidates in European elections', says 'Tommy Robinson'], ''[[The Independent]]'', 11 Oct 2012</ref>

It fielded 6 candidates in the 2012 local elections in England, 5 in Liverpool.<ref name=wp/>

The party appears to be defunct as of March 2013.<ref>https://twitter.com/KarmaUnc/status/311619456940003328 Twitter</ref> The party was de-registered by the Electoral Commission after failing to register.<ref>http://www.searchlightmagazine.com/blogs/searchlight-blog/british-freedom-party-deregistration-the-truth-%E2%80%93-exclusive Searchlight</ref>

==External links==
* [http://britishfreedom.org/ Official website]
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{UKPoliticalParty}}
{{stub|politics}}

[[Category:Alt-right]]
[[Category:British right wing]]
[[Category:British political parties]]
[[Category:Far-right political parties]]
[[Category:Fascism]]
[[Category:Homophobia]]
[[Category:Islamophobia]]
[[Category:Misnomers]]
[[Category:Nationalism in the UK]]
[[Category:Racism]]
[[Category:Xenophobia]]

Categories: Alt-right, British right wing, British political parties, Far-right political parties, Fascism, Homophobia, Islamophobia, Misnomers, Nationalism in the UK, Racism, Xenophobia
British Isles

[[File:British Isles Euler diagram 15.svg|400px|right|thumb|What the British Isles would look like if they were an egg salad that had gone off.]]
The '''British Isles''' are an archipelago off the western coast of [[Europe]], consisting of a number of islands; the two largest of which are Great Britain, which is divided between [[England]], [[Scotland]], and [[Wales]], and [[Ireland]], which is divided between [[Northern Ireland]] - which is part of the UK - and the [[Republic of Ireland]], an independent state whose name reflects its claim to the whole isle of Ireland. This has led to a naming controversy as The British Isles and Great Britain (and therefore ''the'' British) are different things entirely.

There are also thousands of smaller islands in this group; almost all are parts of England, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, Scotland or Wales. But they also include the British Crown Dependencies of the [[Isle of Man]] and the [[Channel Islands]] (although the latter are so close to France that they're often not counted as part of the island group, although they are part of the sovereign state that dominates it). The [[Sealand|Principality of Sealand]] is an unrecognised micronation on an artificial island off the coast of England.

Great Britain's name is a translation of the French ''Grande Bretagne'', which has the prefix ''Grande'' to differentiate it from ''Bretagne''. But the English name for ''Bretagne'' is Brittany. 

Due to erosion, drainage of marshes and land reclamation there are a number of places within the archipelago that are called islands but which are no longer surrounded by water. 

The archipelago contains four islands called Holy island, one each in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

Confused? Well, you should be.

==See also==

Articles relating to the British Isles.
*[[Great Britain]]
*[[United Kingdom]]
*[[England]]
*[[Scotland]]
*[[Wales]]
*[[Isle of Man]]
*[[Channel Islands]]
*[[Republic of Ireland]]
*[[Northern Ireland]]
{{stub|geography}}
[[Category:Geology]] [[Category:Geography]]  [[Category:Europe]][[Category:United Kingdom]]

Categories: Geology, Geography, Europe, United Kingdom
Bruce Bawer

{{Islamophobia|1}}
'''Bruce Bawer''' {{lived|31 October 1956}} is an American [[Islamophobia|Islamophobic]] author and [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theorist]]. He is well known for several anti-Muslim books, such as ''While Europe Slept: How Radical Islam is Destroying the West from Within'' (2006). In his 2011 manifesto, [[Anders Behring Breivik]] named Bawer as one of his main idols.<ref>[http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/07/26/nyheter/utoya/innenriks/politikk/drap/17450326/ De var Breiviks helter], ''Dagbladet''</ref> In his 2011 book ''The New Quislings: How the International Left Used the Oslo Massacre to Silence Debate About Islam'', Bawer [[Godwin's Law|compares]] the left in Norway to the [[Nazi]]s and claims the left are using the Breivik massacre to silence "criticism of Muslims." He also claims that "over the years innumerable Norwegian teenagers have been killed by muslims," although the police in Norway have never heard of any of these supposed murders. He is also a proponent of the "[[Eurabia]]" conspiracy theory.<ref>[http://www.vepsen.no/2011/11/kaller-venstresiden-quislinger/ Kaller venstresiden Quislinger], ''Vepsen.no''</ref> Bawer is a regular contributor to the far-right website [[Document.no]], which is described by the ''Financial Times'' as "a website rife with anti-Muslim and hard right rhetoric."<ref>Andrew Ward; Robin Wigglesworth (2011-07-25). "[http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/902834ea-b54f-11e0-81cd-00144feabdc0.html Killings sure to stir immigration debate]". ''Financial Times''.</ref> According to the Norwegian professor Arnulf Hagen, Bruce Bawer is also a frequent contributor to the blog [[Gates of Vienna]] under the nom de plume "The Observer."<ref>Arnulf Hagen, [http://nyemeninger.no/ahagen/ Ideologiske slektninger], ''Dagsavisen''</ref>

He also wrote an extremely racist screed against the [[Roma]] in [[FrontPage Magazine]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bawer, Bruce}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nationalism in Norway]]
[[Category:Racists]]

Categories: Living people, Nationalism in Norway, Racists
Bruce Greyson

{{Psychic|1}}
'''Charles Bruce Greyson''' {{lived|1946|}} is a [[parapsychologist]] and [[pseudoscience]] promoter. 

Greyson is an Emeritus Professor of [[Psychiatry]] and the Director of the Division of Perceptual studies at the University of Virginia.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080514203122/http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/personalitystudies/staff.cfm Division Staff]</ref><ref name=bio>[http://www.medicine.virginia.edu/clinical/departments/psychiatry/sections/cspp/dops/staff/biobruce-page Biography of Bruce Greyson]</ref> He is the co-author of the book ''Irreducible Mind'' (2007) and co-editor of ''The Handbook of Near-Death Experiences'' (2009).<ref name=bio/>

''Irreducible Mind'' proposes that the [[brain]] does not create the [[mind]] but the mind works independently from the brain, reviving an 18<sup>th</sup> century form of [[dualism]].<ref>[http://www.criticandokardec.com.br/sebastian_dieguez_on_irreducible_mind.pdf Sebastian Dieguez on Irreducible Mind]</ref> Dualism was developed by the fraudulent [[psychical researcher]] [[F. W. H. Myers]] and William James.<ref>[http://www.hoje.org.br/site/arq/artigos/Kelly_book_review_JNMD08.pdf Book review of Irreducible Mind]</ref> Greyson argues for dualism but scientific studies have contradicted this view.<ref>Lycan, William. (1996). ''Philosophy of Mind'' in ''The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy''. Nicholas Bunnin and E. P. Tsui-James, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.</ref><ref>Wilson, D. L. (1999). ''Mind-brain interaction and the violation of physical laws''. In B. Libet, A. Freeman, & K. Sutherland (Eds.). ''The Volitional Brain'' (pp. 185-200). Thorverton, UK: Imprint Academic.</ref>

Greyson is active in the International Association of Near-Death Studies which continues the work of Raymond Moody, who believed that [[near-death experience]]s are a evidence of an [[afterlife]].<ref>[http://iands.org/about-iands/history.html History and Founders]</ref> 

Greyson is also associated with the [[Esalen Institute]] where he lectured from 1998-2010.<ref>[http://www.esalen.org/sites/default/files/resource_attachments/Esalen-CTR-Pioneering-Cultural-Initiatives.pdf Esalen's Half-Century of Pioneering Cultural Initiatives 1962 to 2012]</ref> 

==''Irreducible Mind''==
Greyson is the co-author of the book ''Irreducible Mind'' (2007) with [[Alan Gauld]] and other parapsychologists. The book pretends to be a psychology book, but it is actually a pseudoscience book filled with [[anecdote]]s, which promotes [[paranormal]] claims. The book was criticized in ''The American Journal of Psychology'' for presenting bold claims without [[empirical evidence]].<ref>Mitchell G. Ash, Horst Gundlach, Thomas Sturm. (2010). [http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.5406/amerjpsyc.123.2.0246?uid=3738032&uid=2&uid=4&sid=21102843465027 ''Book Review: Irreducible Mind'']. ''American Journal of Psychology''. Volume 123, Number 2. pp. 246-250.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Greyson, Bruce}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience promoters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Psychics]]

Categories: Authors, Pseudoscience promoters, Living people, Psychics
Bubba effect

{{sociology}}
The "'''Bubba effect'''" is a trend of behavior that was [[PIDOOMA|postulated]] on one of [[Glenn Beck]]'s shows by [[United States Army]] (Ret.) Command Sgt. Major Tim Strong about groups of people heading for the hills when they [[Paranoia|feel threatened or times are uncertain]].<ref>[http://video.foxnews.com/v/3924410/worst-case-scenario-no-3/ Worst-Case Scenario No. 3], [[Fox News]], 22 December 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8La5xLYo2-s YouTube mirror] of the previous clip, complete with survivalist [[advertising]].</ref><ref>[http://video.foxnews.com/v/3924628/the-bubba-effect/ The 'Bubba Effect'], more Faux</ref>

The name of the effect itself is an attempt to reclaim the [[Stereotype|stereotypical]] "redneck" name,<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bubba bubba], Merriam-Webster Online</ref> implying that this manner of [[Fractal wrongness|readiness]] is a virtue scorned by the [[Reality-based community|effete]].

Endorsing Bubba effect behavior is about as close as Beck has come to ''condoning outright violence'' against both [[government]] entities and the unpatriotic citizenry that just "[[Sheeple|don't get it]]", by casting the effect in a positive light.<ref>[http://thebubbaeffect.wordpress.com/ "The Bubba Effect Blog"]</ref>

==Better safe and sorry?==
[[Alex Jones]] (''et. al.''), seeing either [[Godwin's law|scheming Fritz]] or [[Biblical prophecies|biblical prophecy]] just about [[Persecution complex|everywhere they look]], have been very active in spreading the bizarre theory that the [[US]] Government is going to [[FEMA concentration camps|institute martial law and enslave the citizens of the United States]] because of some type of impending collapse — financial meltdown, [[NWO]] takeover, war with [[China]], the [[rapture]], or [[Time Cube|what have you]], their timeline for this keeps changing, first Obama was going to bring about this collapse/NWO then Clinton, then Biden then Harris.

As a result, ''[[InfoWars]]'' readers are estimated to drop everything and head to the hills on a bi-weekly basis — basically, whenever [[Goldbug|the price of gold]] happens to fluctuate with some vigor.

As if lifted straight out of ''[[Red Dawn]]'', this scenario only seems to include those in 
rural
 [[Jesusland|Real America™]] who would be able to resist occupation through force of arms, based out of various fortified survival compounds — (largely defensive) [[Fun:Weapon of gun|weapon of gun]] in one hand, the [[Bible|word of God]] in the other. 

In practice, the Bubba effect amounts to a histrionic overreaction to threatening [[fake news]] and [[vague]] rumors, in turn springing from the scrapheap of [[survivalist]] ideas and various [[PRATT|brain-dead conspiracy theories]]. Despite this, the Bubba Effect has proven surprisingly broad — reaching as far as to the [[Ron Paul|Paulbots]].<ref>[http://www.ronpaulforums.com/showthread.php?t=180427 The Bubba Effect], thread at "Liberty Forest" (RonPaulForums.com)</ref>

==See also==
*[[American Taliban]]
*[[Civil disobedience]]

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}
Buchanan

{{fork}}
*[[James Buchanan]], a corrupt, [[Racism|racist]], evil, and disgraceful [[USA|American]] doughface and traitor, enjoying the dishonor of being the worst [[President of the United States]] ever to serve, only tied with [[Andrew Johnson]] and [[Donald Trump]], who as of his second term might somehow manage to be worse.
*[[Pat Buchanan]], another disgraceful American, who is a fervent racist and total [[Fascism|fascist]].
Buddy Roemer

[[File:BuddyRoemerJune2008.jpg|thumb|Pictured here, eating a microphone]]
{{uspolitics}}
'''Charles "Buddy" Roemer''' {{lived|1943|2021}} was Governor of [[Louisiana]] from 1988 to 1992. Originally a [[Democratic Party|Democrat]] in the US House of Representatives, he switched parties in 1991, after he was elected governor.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1991-03-12/news/mn-180_1_louisiana-republican-party LA Times]</ref><ref group=note>This is a common occurrence in LA politics</ref> He was unpopular enough as governor to be defeated by both the notoriously corrupt {{wpl|Edwin Edwards}} and [[KKK]] wizard [[David Duke]] in the primaries, leading to the infamous {{wpl|1991 Louisiana gubernatorial election||.}}<ref>[https://www.rangevoting.org/LizVwiz.html Louisiana's famous 1991 "Lizard versus Wizard" Governor race], Warren D. Smith, ''RangeVoting''</ref>

==Why do we care?==
Roemer ran for president in 2012 as a [[Republican]]. As a governor, he upheld [[Roe v. Wade]] in the case of [[incest]], and felt that teachers weren't paid enough. He also legalized [[gambling]]. The key issue of his [[2012 U.S. Presidential Election|2012]] campaign was campaign finance reform, and he limited himself to contributions of $100 or less.<ref>[http://www.sunshinestatenews.com/story/fighting-campaign-finance-reform-buddy-roemer-jumps-2012-race Sunshine state news]</ref> He was largely ignored by the media and was not invited to any debates. He dropped out shortly before the primaries began.

==Did he have a chance?==
No. In addition to the reasons above, he was obscure outside of Louisiana and had shot himself in the foot financing wise. His desire to cut tax loopholes and reinstate Glass-Steagall likely didn't help him with the party base either. He quit the GOP and decided to run as an independent, as well as [[Americans Elect]] and on the [[Reform Party]] ticket.<Ref>[http://www.politico.com/blogs/burns-haberman/2012/02/roemer-running-as-independent-115180.html Politico:Roemer running as independent]</ref> His embracing of [[OWS]] didn't help him with the right either.<ref>[http://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/2011/10/06/buddy-roemer-occupy-wall-street-folks-good-americans/ The American Conservative:Buddy Roemer: Occupy Wall Streeters = Good Americans]</ref>

==External links==
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Roemer_presidential_campaign,_2012 Wikipedia's page on his campaign]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roemer, Charles}}
{{stub|politics}}

[[Category:2012 US Presidential candidates]]
[[Category:Former United States Governors]]
[[Category:Former United States Representatives]]
[[Category:Moderate Republicans]]

Categories: 2012 US Presidential candidates, Former United States Governors, Former United States Representatives, Moderate Republicans
Bugs

{{fork}}

* Traditionally, an order of [[insect]]s ({{wpl|Hemiptera||)}} that includes such critters as cicadas, aphids, and bed bugs. However, colloquially it has been used to refer to just about any land arthropod, including other insects, arachnids, centipedes, millipedes, and even some [[crustacean]]s such as isopods, sometimes even including unrelated animals like earthworms and slugs.
* Unexpected errors or glitches in [[computer|computing]]
* [[Virus]]es and other pathogens that cause [[disease]]
* "Bob's Underground Graduate Seminar", a board on [[Stormfront]]
Bulverism

{{logicnav}}
'''Bulverism''' is the [[logical fallacy]] of assuming without discussion that a person is wrong and/or ill-informed, then distracting their attention from this (which is the only real issue) by explaining how they became so silly, usually associating it to a [[psychological]] condition. The fallacy deals with secondary questions about ideas rather than the primary one, thus avoiding the basic question or evading the issues raised by trains of reasoning. It is essentially dodging your opponent's argument by treating them like a [[crank|psychiatry patient]] who ''needs'' your evaluation to explain why they came up with such a ridiculous argument in the first place.

The fallacy was coined by [[C.S. Lewis]] in his essay, ''First and Second things''.

==Strict usage==
The form of the Bulverism fallacy can be expressed as follows:

:You claim that A is true.
:Because of B, you personally desire that A should be true.
:[[Non sequitur|Therefore]], A is false.
or
:You claim that A is false.
:Because of B, you personally desire that A should be false.
:[[Non sequitur|Therefore]], A is true.

Note that B doesn’t even have to be true at all. In fact, [[Strawman|it usually isn’t]].

==Examples==
*Used by [[atheists]]: "[[Religion]] is just a silly idea made up by people to cope with the discomfort of living in a purposeless, Godless [[universe]]."
*Used by those of a religious bent: "Atheists only deny the existence of [[God]] because [[Atheists hate God|they're angry at him]]."<ref>http://www.firstthings.com/onthesquare/2011/01/when-atheists-are-angry-at-god</ref>
*Used by those on the fringes of the political spectrum: "[[Lyle Rossiter|Liberals only support a Nanny State because they're crazy and neurotic]]," or "[[Conservatives]] only support [[capitalism]] because they're [[psychopath]]s and hate the [[poor]]."
*Used by [[Elon Musk]] fanboys: “Anyone who criticizes him even a little, for any reason, only does so because they hate freedom and wants to stop humanity liberating itself by traveling through space, but instead keep us earthbound where humans are easier to control.”

==See also==
*[[Appeal to identity]]
*[[Appeal to motive]]
*''[[Argumentum ad hominem]]''
*[[Genetic fallacy]]
*[[Shill gambit]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{logfal}}

[[Category:Ad hominem]]

Categories: Ad hominem
Bush

{{fork}}
==People==
*[[George W. Bush]], the comedian; former President and [[Texas]] Governor.
*[[George H. W. Bush]], his father; former President, Vice President, and [[CIA]] Director.
*[[Jeb Bush]], his brother; former Governor of [[Florida]] and failed Presidential candidate.

==Other==
*[[Vagina]]
*[[Marijuana]]
*A [[plant]]
*The [[Rhodesia]]n Bush War
Bushido

{{philosophy}}'''Bushidō''' (武士道), or "'''Way of the Samurai'''," was the warrior code of samurai in [[feudalism|feudal]] [[Japan]]. In modern times, the same warrior code's values would be synthesised with traits from the West to form Japan's own unique [[work ethic]] of modern times. One running tradition of bushidō was the act of seppuku or ritual [[suicide]] in the face of failure or disgrace to preserve one's honour.<ref>http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/sugihara/readings/bushido.html</ref>

Bushidō had seven virtues:<ref>http://arvigarus.bravehost.com/bushido_002.htm</ref>

*Gi: Righteousness
*Yūki: Courage
*Jin: Benevolence
*Rei: Respect
*Makoto: Honesty
*Meiyo: Honour
*Chūgi: Loyalty

A sizable number of historians hold that most of what is now understood as bushidō was largely invented in the late 19<sup>th</sup> and early 20<sup>th</sup> century, after the Meiji Restoration and especially during the pre-[[World War II]] {{wpl|Shōwa period||.}}<ref>E.g., Storry, R. (1982) ''A History of Modern Japan.'' Penguin Books.</ref> This re-imagined version of bushidō initially was a way to reconcile Japanese culture with the Western cultures that the Japanese leaders hoped to emulate in their efforts to modernize, intentionally conflating bushidō with [[chivalry]].<ref>https://www.tofugu.com/japan/bushido/</ref> However, the concept was soon subsumed and figured heavily in the [[propaganda]] of the militarist Japanese government in in the run-up to [[World War II]], inspiring many Japanese pilots to conduct ''[[kamikaze]]'' suicide attacks against enemy vessels so as to die gloriously for their country preferring [[death]] to surrender, seen as dishonourable, and also influencing the outcome of the war by inspiring the Japanese leadership to refuse any surrender or compromise, thus prompting the [[United States]] to [[Hiroshima and Nagasaki|drop atomic bombs on Japan]].

==See also==
*[[Chivalry]]
*[[Martial arts]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[category:culture]]
[[category:philosophy]]
[[Category:Japan]]
[[Category:Asian history]]{{stub|history}}

Categories: culture, philosophy, Japan, Asian history
Business clothes

{{sex}}'''Business clothes''' are a manner of attire that society deems appropriate for conducting important or solemn occasions.  In [[Western world|Western society]], for men it consists of a business suit, and for women it consists of a business suit or a dress of appropriate length.

Historically, these [[business]] clothes would be worn to a job interview, a wedding, a funeral or to give a formal presentation such as a thesis defense or a court trial.

==Purpose==
Business clothes are used to give the users the opportunity to show respect for the importance of the occasion.  It is a social convention that allows users to conform to social expectations, and those that fail to follow the dress code specified by an occasion are deemed to be disrespectful or a social rebel.  Because business clothing generally tends to hide the physical attractiveness or [[sexuality]] of the user, business clothes serve to draw attention to the substance of the event rather than to the sexual attraction of the participants in the event.

==Challenges==
Some youthful [[feminists]] are challenging the use of business clothes because they claim that women should have the right to inject physical beauty and sexual attraction into formal occasions.  For example, Cornell University student Lititia Chai organized a group of 22 students to attend her honors thesis presentation, where they all stripped to their underwear during the presentation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cornellsun.com/2018/05/06/student-presents-thesis-in-underwear-after-professor-questions-choice-of-clothing/|title=Student Presents Thesis In Underwear After Professor Questions Choice of Clothing|date=May 6, 2018|work=Cornell Daily Sun}}</ref>

The Comedy Central television show "The Opposition with Jordan Klepper" wanted to illustrate how [[Donald Trump]] could have a more telegenic attorney spokesman (instead of [[Rudy Giuliani]]) by hiring an actor to be interviewed without wearing any shirt.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKCTK0cB6YU (May 10, 2018)</ref><ref>https://ourhotlawyer.com/</ref>

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Business]]

Categories: Business