Kent Hovind's doctoral dissertations

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[[File:PatriotU Crop.jpg|thumb|right|165px|The Patriot University campus, a 
prestigious
 
technologically advanced
 
fully accredited
 mobile home, where Mr. Kent Hovind "earned" his "Ph.D"]]{{crenav}}

'''[[Kent Hovind]]''' promotes himself as '''Dr. Kent Hovind''' or '''Dr. Dino'''. Prior to his 58 felony convictions and ten-year prison sentence, Hovind  received a Ph.D. from [[Patriot Bible University]], an [[diploma mill|unaccredited]] [[Fundie school|Christian college]]. Because of Hovind's use of the title of "Doctor" based on a degree from an unaccredited institution, legitimate scientists have closely examined his bona fides, including the work he submitted to fulfill the requirements for a doctorate.

This has proved difficult, because unlike common academic practice, Patriot does not make its students' dissertations available to the academic community.

On December 9, 2009, [[WikiLeaks]] released Hovind's dissertation in Christian Education.<ref>[https://archive.is/YGNnL Kent Hovind's doctoral dissertation]. Mirrored from the original posting on  WikiLeaks.</ref> Usually, legitimate scholars are thrilled to find that people want to read their dissertations, but legitimate scholars don't get their degrees from diploma mills like Patriot Bible University. Bloggers and forum participants have widely linked to Hovind's dissertation, since it contains a heady mixture of scientific inaccuracy, incoherent writing, frequent spelling errors, shoddy scholarship, and other things which make the skeptical community giggle with glee.

In 2013, Hovind claimed to have ''four'' doctorates, in (Christian) Education, Theology, Biblical Ministry, and Divinity (Honorary).<ref name="Hovind2013">Hovind, K.E. (2013). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20130701015539/http://www.2peter3.com/Books/What%20on%20Earth.pdf What On Earth Is About To Happen... For Heaven's Sake?: A Dissertation on End Times According to the Bible].''</ref>{{rp|4}} This article focuses on the first and makes brief mention of the third. Evidence of the supposed degree in Theology has not as yet been found, nor are any details available on the "honorary" doctorate in Divinity. There are ''actually accredited'' seminaries and theological colleges that offer master's and doctoral degrees in Christian Education.<ref>Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary offers a [https://swbts.edu/degree/master-of-arts-in-christian-education/ Master of Arts (M.A) degree in Christian Education].</ref>

==Background==
The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D, derived from the Latin ''philosophiæ doctor'', lit. "teacher of philosophy") is the highest degree attainable in science and the arts. Completing a PhD takes an average of 8.2 years in full-time postgraduate research, which culminates in the production of an original contribution to scholarship.<ref>O'Shaughnessy, L. (10 July 2012). ''[http://www.cbsnews.com/news/12-reasons-not-to-get-a-phd/ 10 reasons not to get a PhD]''. Retrieved 21 November 2012.</ref> Dissertations are the final product of this research and are supervised by a committee of [[academic]]s in the relevant field, usually consisting of between three to five scholars. Upon completion of a final draft, a defense is held where the public is invited and the candidate defends his or her work in front of the committee, who ask questions and make comments. If approved, the committee signs off on the work at the defense and it is required to be stored in that university's library. Like any other publication in a library, dissertations are available to anyone who wants to read them.

This is not the case for Hovind's dissertation. Firstly, Hovind's dissertation was not publicly available. Hovind claims to have lost his copy of the dissertation,<ref name="Bartelt">Bartelt, K. (2000). [http://www.noanswersingenesis.org.au/bartelt_dissertation_on_hovind_thesis.htm The Dissertation Kent Hovind Doesn't Want You to Read]. Retrieved 9 October 2015.</ref> while Patriot Bible University does not make dissertations available. A copy of Hovind's 1991 dissertation was obtained by Skip Evans, who "receive[d] the original document, complete with a taped-in clipping from a magazine."<ref>National Center for Science Education (2 August 2012). ''[http://ncse.com/news/2012/08/skip-evans-dies-007505 Skip Evans dies]'' Retrieved 21 November 2015.</ref> A copy is currently in the possession of the [[National Center for Science Education]] and was reviewed by Karen Bartelt.<ref name="Bartelt"/> Bartelt's review was the only online analysis of the dissertation before Wikileaks made the copy available. She found Hovind's dissertation makes no useful contribution to scholarship, except perhaps as an example of how not to write one. Hovind's ''alma mater'' is not accredited by any U.S. Department of Education-recognised body, and his degrees are not granted any status in the academic or scientific mainstream. Hovind's dissertation is approved by only one person: Dr. Wayne Knight,<ref name="Bartelt"/> who later fled from Colorado to Texas after pleading guilty to crimes relating to child molestation at a related business/religious school.<ref>"The former church leader and superintendent of Hilltop Baptist Church in Colorado Springs entered a guilty plea in exchange for several charges being dropped by prosecutors." from ''[http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/arrested-pastor-takes-plea-deal-in-child-abuse-case Arrested Pastor Takes Plea Deal In Child Abuse Case]'', 7News, Feb 28, 2012</ref><ref>''[http://www.kktv.com/home/headlines/Teacher-Pleads-Guilty-To-Sex-Assault-Charges-189214661.html Teacher Pleads Guilty To Sex Assault Charges]'', KKTV, Jan 31, 2013</ref>

Those who have completed a Ph.D are allowed to prefix their name with "Dr". However, many choose not to do so out of modesty or so their expertise in nuclear physics, history, or philosophy doesn't get mistaken when a medical doctor is actually required. Even if not in modesty, not having the title "Dr." in front of one's name in a phone book keeps one from midnight calls asking for medical assistance on how to deal with some medical ailment. Hovind, needless to say, has no such modesty and refers to himself as Dr. Kent Hovind or Dr. Dino. In fact, he even used the prefix in Pensacola, Florida's phone book. This is common among those with doctorates from diploma mills, such as [[Gillian McKeith|
Dr
 Gillian McKeith Ph.D]] vs [[Ben Goldacre]]. For example, Hovind publicly insisted on the title, saying, "I notice you're calling him ‘Dr’ and me ‘Mr,’ so I'm just making a level playing field here; I have a doctorate's degree also, although it's not from an accredited university, but I don't think that matters."<ref>[http://www.academia.edu/2580595/Inside_the_Mind_of_a_Creationist_A_Critical_Analysis_of_Kent_Hovinds_Doctoral_Dissertation_ Inside the Mind of a Creationist: A Critical Analysis of Kent Hovind's “Doctoral Dissertation”]</ref>

==1991 dissertation==

===Intellectual quality (???)===
Even his first paragraph contains a dangling modifier, a grammatical error against which high-school guides to composition warn:

"As an evangelist, God has given me the opportunity to teach and preach the wonderful story of His wonderful creation..." 
Hovind is the evangelist, and "God" isn't, but such is not how the sentence parses. Instead, it reads as if he's calling God an evangelist. ("As an evangelist, I have been given this opportunity by God" would have made much more sense.) It is not enough to simply reject capitalization of an attribute to distinguish God from oneself in so clumsy a sentence. It would not pass a copy-editor at a publisher attentive to quality, let alone a doctoral committee at a genuine college or university. The intellectual quality does not improve.

===Misreadings of history, philosophy, science, and damn near everything else===
Hovind attempts to provide a genealogy of evolution that starts with Satan himself (of course) before he was cast out of heaven, then to God striking down the [[Tower of Babel]]. He traces this through ancient Greek philosophy, eastern religions, and the Church Fathers. He gets large chunks of this ancient history wrong, and what little bits of truth do sneak in are surrounded by oceans of irrelevance and idiocy.

[[Socrates]], Hovind tells us, didn't write "many" books. Technically true: Socrates didn't write ''any'' books, and is infamous for asserting that one shouldn't write books!<ref>[https://fs.blog/an-old-argument-against-writing/ Plato’s Argument Against Writing]</ref> Hovind describes Socrates, [[Plato]], and [[Aristotle]] as being "[[pantheism|pantheists]]," and thus attempts to understand in modern terms a [[Greco-Roman religion|religious system]] that does not easily match modern expectations and categories. If you want to apply a modern label, [[polytheism]] catches the spirit a lot better than pantheism. (There are some ancient philosophers you can describe as holding broadly pantheistic ideas: Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Zeno, and Heraclitus among the Greeks, and Marcus Aurelius and Plotinus among the Romans.)

Hovind fails when he attempts to understand Plato and Socrates, ascribing positions to them that are held by participants in Platonic dialogues, most of which feature Socrates as a character, but only some of the dialogues can be thought of as containing the Socrates of history, while the others have Socrates as a literary tool that Plato can use.

Hovind asserts that Democrates is the founder of Atomism, rather than Democritus.

"Zoroaster" is the name given to the ''religion'' (Zoroaster is, in fact, the founder of [[Zoroastrianism]]), a blunder similar to writing "Christ" when you mean "Christianity" or "Muhammad" when you mean "Islam." Hovind claims Zoroastrianism was founded around 600 [[BCE]]. Most scholars actually state it was much earlier, around 1000 BCE. He completely misunderstands Zoroastrian beliefs, claiming that the essence of it is that "Satan and God are equally powerful." In fact, Zoroastrians believe that Ahura Mazda (the "God" character) will banish Angra Mainyu (the "Satan" character) and bring about the end times, and then a savior figure will come along and raise up the dead. According to Hovind, in Zoroastrianism "a lack of importance [is] placed on God." Apparently, despite being a Middle Eastern monotheistic religion with a number of broadly equivalent traits to Judaism and Christianity, "Zoroasterism" (as Hovind also refers to Zoroastrianism) is actually the bearer of the flame of evolutionism, as it has been carried from the Fall of Man through Satan and then through the works of the Greek philosophers.

Which is fine, except for the fact that if the ancient Greeks, Zoroastrians, and eastern mystics were all budding proto-Darwinists, you might expect some historians and philosophers who study the ancients to have spotted it – and that the work of [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]] and [[Alfred Russel Wallace|Wallace]] in the nineteenth century might have been a bit less revolutionary and surprising than it actually was. Ditto with the Comte de Buffon, who supposedly "was very influential in spreading the doctrine of evolution around the world", this after a long paragraph discussing "Voltair".

Hovind claims that [[Hinduism]], Zoroastrianism, [[Buddhism]], [[Taoism]], and [[Confucianism]], which all are really evolution cults in disguise, made it easy for [[Communism]] to take over in [[China]]. (How this is possible is not known. Evolution was not initially researched till the 1800s.)  On the same note, Communism has spread really well in [[Iran]]ian Zoroastrian communities and in [[India]], where Hinduism and Buddhism are prevalent. This hypothesis also explains the resistance to Chinese Communism by the Tibetan Buddhist monks ''really'' well, and the religious history of [[Russia]] and [[Cuba]]. In reality, the survival of the fittest found in Capitalist market economics has more to do with [[natural selection]] than the Communist ideal of "From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs."

Hovind also claims that "the Islam religion<sub>''[sic]''</sub> accepts evolution very readily", conveniently ignoring Islamic creationists like [[Harun Yahya]]. He also makes some pretty silly remarks about the Church Fathers which are backed up with the same sort of evidence as everything else in the dissertation – that is, about the same quality and quantity as you get in a [[Chick tract]] or the ''[[Weekly World News]]''.

===Notable quotables===
The following are quotes found in Kent Hovind's thesis.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Quote
! RationalWiki response
|-
|style="width: 40%;" | As I was thinking on this subject, I wrote a poem to try to explain this, comparing blind men and atheists. 

Two blind men argued well into the night

about the great question, "Is there really sight?"

Said one to the other (and quite fervently)

"There cannot be colors or else we could see!"

[edit: snip 48 lines]

To deny His existence is really absurd.

You’ll have to believe Him and trust in His Word.
|In keeping with the age-old (but apparently forgotten) academic tradition of including 50+ lines of doggerel in each and every dissertation, Kent has conjured up this gem. Someone notify MIT that they'll start gaining credibility if they include more poetry in their papers.
|-
|Satan, in the form of the serpent, brought the doctrine of evolution to the Garden of Eden
|Amazing that Adam would latch onto a complete theory of evolution and pass it down to the next thousands of generations.
|-
|The Bible has never been proven wrong yet, and I believe it never will be
|Like any good academic work, Kent's deals in unprovable absolutes.
|-
|For instance, Communism is a direct offshoot of evolution
|The final sentence in a paragraph speaking of 
one of
 the Biblical creation account, Hovind includes this assertion with no citation or analysis.
|-
|Bring back a [[Mars]] rock or a [[Jupiter]] rock, I'll eat it or lick it. Life doesn't evolve.
|Comment is superfluous. Also [[non sequitur]]. And 
since when does Jupiter have rocks
 do you really want to dig through all the metallic hydrogen for the 
nougat
 rocky core?<ref group=Note>Assuming anything with "rocks" is what he was looking for. {{wpa|Jupiter}}</ref>
|-
|The faulty teaching of evolution is hindering scientific progress.
|He actually got this one right, in an unintentional [[stopped clock|stopped-clock]] moment, since evolution ''is'' often taught rather poorly, hindering the public's understanding of it and encouraging resistance to the idea.
|}

===Metrics===
Using the text from the OCR version of "Dr." Hovind's dissertation, Google Docs gives the following metrics:<br>
(''Note: These metrics are derived from the text starting with "INTRODUCTION" and continuing until the sentence "I believe Jesus was right."'')

'''Word Count'''
*Word: 25,546
*Paragraphs: 401
*Sentences: 1,951

'''Readability'''
*Average sentences per paragraph: 4.87
*Average words per sentence: 13.09
*Flesch Reading Ease: 69.44
*Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level: 7.00
*Automated Readability Index: 7.00

According to the Wikipedia page on Flesch Reading Ease, a Flesch Reading Ease score of 69.44 would correspond to being "easily understandable to 13- to 15-year-old students."<ref>See [[wikipedia:Flesch-Kincaid Readability Test|Flesch-Kincaid Readability Test]] at Wikipedia</ref> The lower the index, the harder the piece is to read. The Wikipedia page states that the average 11-year-old student's written assignment has a "Reading Ease" of 60–70, which would indicate that the writing style of Kent's supposed PhD-level paper is on par with that of a pre-pubescent student.

Similarly, the "Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level" indicates the approximate number of years of education needed to understand a piece of writing. According to these metrics, a student in the 7th grade should be able to fully understand Kent's "doctoral research". Interestingly, the Wikipedia page on the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level has a higher calculated grade-level than Kent's Doctoral Dissertation, at 12.5.

The Automated Readability Index is another way of calculating the approximate grade required for a student to fully understand a piece of written work. Once again, the average 7th-grade student (approximately 12–13 years old) should be able to fully comprehend Kent's new research.

None of these metrics are damning in and of themselves; all else being equal, being able to express one's ideas in simple and accessible language is a good thing. However, there is a difference between expressing complex ideas in simple language and merely having simplistic ideas. Taken in the context of the thesis's other flaws, it becomes clear that complexity of thought was never among Hovind's issues.

==2013 dissertation==
While Hovind was in federal prison, he wrote another dissertation for a Doctor of Ministry degree from Patriot.<ref name="Hovind2013"/>{{rp|4}} According to Hovind:

{{quotebox|In this unusual book I will try to give the reader THE BIG PICTURE of the history of the world and explain what is about to happen, based on The Book that has given thousands of predictions and prophecies and has never been wrong even one time yet!}}

Unlike his first dissertation, this one was written without chapters (it does have seven appendices). In 2013, it was published as an ebook titled ''What on Earth is about to happen.. for Heaven's sake?: A Dissertation on End Times According to the Bible'' and it argues that Jesus will appear on Earth in 2028.<ref>"When is The Lord Coming Back?," and claims: "During the feast of Trumpets in 2028."</ref><ref name="Hovind2013"/>{{rp|239}}

Hovind appears to have copied some sort of standard format for the {{wpl|Book design#Front matter|front matter}} of his 'dissertation': at the bottom of the title page, a feather-like logo with the text "Publisher logo" can be found. Presumably, this is a placeholder for a ''real'' publisher logo – but Kent completely forgot about this. The verso of the title page (which normally contains the publishing data, such as ISBN, catalogue data, and the publisher's address) has a similar flaw, showing the text

{{quotebox|Copyright © 2013 Kent Hovind All Rights Reserved<br>
[Publishing Information Here]<br>
Manufactured in the United States of America<br>
ISBN 978-0-xxxxx-xxx-x (paper)<br>
ISBN 978-0- xxxxx-xxx-x (e-book)<br>
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data<br>
Hovind Kent. What On Earth Is About To Happen For Heavens Sake;<br>
p. cm.<br>
ISBN 978-0-xxxxx-xxx-x (paper)<br>
ISBN 978-0- xxxxx-xxx-x (e-book).}}<br>

In ''real'' books and dissertations, the "xxxxx-xxx-x" sequence is replaced by a proper ISBN number. Also note that "Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data" normally also contains a few keywords about the book (in this case, "Christianity" and "Eschatology" would be the most likely, though "complete [[Bullshit|BS]]" would also not be wrong).

Hovind claims to have spent four years on this 'dissertation', but looked at this page and failed to see that ''something'' was missing. He even managed to misspell the dissertation's title: "For Heavens Sake" instead of "For Heaven's Sake".

==External links==
*[https://archive.is/YGNnL Young-earth creationist Kent Hovind's doctoral dissertation]
*[http://www.academia.edu/2580595/Inside_the_Mind_of_a_Creationist_A_Critical_Analysis_of_Kent_Hovinds_Doctoral_Dissertation_ Inside the Mind of a Creationist: A Critical Analysis of Kent Hovind's “Doctoral Dissertation”] by Nathan Dickey
*[http://www.noanswersingenesis.org.au/bartelt_dissertation_on_hovind_thesis.htm The Dissertation Kent Hovind Doesn't Want You to Read, A Review of Kent Hovind's Thesis] by Karen Bartelt, Ph.D
*[http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2009/12/09/kent-hovinds-doctoral-disserta/ Pharyngula - Kent Hovind’s Doctoral Dissertation]
*Patriot University's hilarious [http://web.archive.org/web/20100129033525/http://www.patriotuniversity.com/PriceOfTruth3.html rebuttal] of the copy on Wikileaks (which it notably mislabels as an extension of [[Wikipedia]]).
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130701015539/http://www.2peter3.com/Books/What%20on%20Earth.pdf What on Earth is about to happen.. for Heaven's sake] Kent Hovind's 2013 dissertation

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=Note}}

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hovind, Kent doctoral dissertation}}
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