trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
New Apologetics

{{christianity}}
'''New Apologetics''' is a pseudo-intellectual movement 
creat
invented by [[Christian]] [[apologists]] in response to the increasing presence of [[New Atheism|outspoken]] [[atheists]].<ref>[http://newapologetics.com/ newapologetics.com]</ref> The New Apologetics has a similar aim to traditional [[apologetics]] — to defend [[Religion|religious faiths]] and to provide reasoning for [[faith|religious ideas]]. What's "New" is a difference in style and policy. Instead of providing arguments in defence of one's beliefs, as traditional apologists tend to do, New Apologists move to [[Argumentum ad hominem|smear-tactics and defamation and slander]] of [[atheist]] authors and activists, branding them as intolerant, [[racist]], [[bigotry|bigot]]ed, and [[Sophisticated theology|unsophisticated]].<ref>[http://newapologetics.com/an-open-letter-to-atheists An open letter to atheists]</ref>

==Irony==
Insofar as it is uncivil, abrasive, and disrespectful of those of other faiths, the New Apologetics movement is defying the rather explicit command of {{Bible|1 Peter|3|15}}: "But in your hearts revere Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have. But do this with '''gentleness and respect''',"<ref>[http://www.biblica.com/en-us/bible/online-bible/niv/1-peter/3/ NIV]. Emphasis added.</ref> or, in simpler terms, treat the filthy heathens respectfully when they question your faith. In other words, New Apologetics is disregarding the faith in order to defend the faith.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|Christianity}}
{{apolbox}}

[[Category:Apologetics and counter-apologetics]]

Categories: Apologetics and counter-apologetics
New Apostolic Church

{{Christianity}}
The '''New Apostolic Church''' ('''NAC''') is a [[restorationist]] Christian denomination that was created in 1863 after branching off from the also-restorationist [[Catholic Apostolic Church]] (not to be confused with the mainstream [[Roman Catholic Church]].)<ref>[http://www.nak.org/about-the-nac/ About the NAC], New Apostolic Church International website, 15 Feb 2016</ref> The denomination holds that they are the restoration of the original Catholic Apostolic Church, which had been created in 1832 by [[Jesus]] himself to prepare the world for His [[second coming]] (or at least by followers of [[Scottish]] clergyman Edward Irving at Jesus's instigation).<ref>https://www.naccanada.org/IMIS_PROD/NAC/Believe/History.aspx</ref> [[Mormonism|Sound]] [[World Mission Society Church of God|familiar]] [[Jehovah's Witness|to]] [[Eastern Lightning|anyone]]?

Despite having some [[Protestant]]-like beliefs, the NAC also holds the [[Catholic]] belief in a hierarchical church structure led through apostolic authority. Their belief that [[baptism]] is needed for [[salvation]] means that [[Evangelical]] Protestants consider them to be a [[cult]].<ref>https://www.gotquestions.org/New-Apostolic-Church.html</ref> In a way, the NAC feels like a ''novus ordo'' boomer Catholic Church cut off from the main organization in the same way [[baraminology]] is [[evolution]] cut off from the main stem.

NAC claims apostolic authority, meaning that people have to listen to and obey whatever they teach. With a smaller organization that, unlike bigger apostolic churches like [[Roman Catholicism]], does not receive much [[media]] scrutiny, it's easy to see how this could potentially [[cult|go wrong]]. 

==Beliefs==
===Core Theology===
====Salvation====
The NAC rejects the Protestant interpretation of ''[[sola fide]]'', believing that salvation begins with baptism.<ref>http://www.nak.org/catechism/8-the-sacraments/81-holy-baptism-with-water/813-the-necessity-of-holy-baptism-with-water-for-salvation/</ref>

====Trinity====
The NAC accepts the mainstream view of the [[Trinity]].

===Society and Family===
====Homosexuality====
The NAC does not yet have a clear teaching on [[homosexuality]] and seems to be in the process of discerning the topic. It does not call homosexuality a sin, but does view it with caution with regard to homosexuals serving in ministry and homosexual marriage.<ref>http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/14592/</ref>

====Abortion====
The NAC is [[anti-abortion]] but states that [[abortion]]s should be dealt with on an individual basis.<ref>http://www.nak.org/en/news/news-display/article/12687/</ref>

===Faith and Science===

====Evolution====
The NAC's statement on [[evolution]] seems to point toward [[theistic evolution]]. It objects to the secular theory of evolution that "takes no account of God" but also says that current scientific findings are not incompatible with the [[Bible]].<ref>http://www.nak.org/en/news/news-display/article/12684/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
News

{{sources needed}}{{media}}
'''News''' is the reporting of events. It should contain at answer the six W's, the "'''who, what, when, where, why, and how'''" of an event. Some modern news tends to add a seventh: "Wow" or "Whoa," in the form of fancy graphics, dramatic [[music]], etc. Although most people disseminating news will claim to be unbiased, it is inevitable that [[opinion]] is involved, often as a genuine opinion piece or thinly veiled and disguised as a [[fact]]. This begins at the very selection of "what is news?" and extends to the wording used in the presentation.

The traveling minstrels of the [[Middle Ages]] provided news leavened by entertainment and the current media continue the mixture. Broadcast news shows often have a jocular "endpiece" about an amusing incident to leave the viewer/auditor with a feeling of comfort. Similarly, print news is interspersed with cartoons and trivia.

One thing news ''isn't'' is what is broadcast by [[Fox News]].

==See also==
*[[Mainstream media]]
*[[Fake news]]

{{stub|media}}

[[Category:Media]]
[[Category:Broadcasting]]

Categories: Media, Broadcasting
News of the World

{{DISPLAYTITLE:''News of the World''}}
[[File:NOTW-01.10.1843.jpg|right|thumb|165px|The first issue, from 1<sup>st</sup> October 1843.]]
{{media}}
The '''''News of the World''''' (or '''''News of the Screws''''' as it was often called) was a [[British]] [[tabloid]] newspaper famous for sensationalist obsessive journalism but occasionally for some very good and revealing investigative work too. It was originally conceived as a broadsheet newspaper in 1843 - making it one of the oldest newspapers and longest lived in the world - but was re-organised into the red-top tabloid it became famous for being after being bought by [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s [[News International]].<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/dj-taylor-for-168-years-news-of-the-world-was-as-english-as-roast-beef-2308954.html DJ Taylor: For 168 years News of the World was as English as roast beef]</ref>

It is not to be confused with the classic 1977 Queen album of the same name.

==The Screws screws up==
It was eventually killed off by its owner, [[Rupert Murdoch]], in July 2011 after it was revealed that its reporters had engaged in hacking a number of people's cell phones, including the phone of a murdered teenager. The phone hacking scandal started very early in 2011 with the revelations that the paper had hacked the phones of major politicians. The general response to this seemed to be "so fucking what" but by the middle of the year it was revealed that the paper had gone beyond such "fair game" targets and onto innocent people. Reporter and general slime ball Paul McMullen (who was at the centre of the scandal and looked increasingly weathered by it as it evolved) maintained that it was all in the public interest; however, former deputy Prime Minister John Prescott seemed unimpressed, asking whether anyone in the audience of ''10 O'Clock Live'' would be "in the public interest" if they did anything even remotely important, and where the distinction would lie. Such a definition eventually became moot as soon as it was revealed that ''The News of the World'' didn't bother with such a distinction and had hacked the phones of terrorism victims and even murder victim Milly Dowler. The latter was particularly noteworthy because the investigators who had hacked the phone found the voicemail inbox to be full and ''so deleted old messages to make room for more, giving the false impression that Dowler was still alive and had access to her phone''.<ref>[http://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/jul/07/news-of-the-world-rupert-murdoch News of the World to close as Rupert Murdoch acts to limit fallout]</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-14017661 News of the World 'hacked Milly Dowler phone']</ref>

==See also==
*[[The Leveson Inquiry]]
*[[Tommy Sheridan]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:British media]]
[[Category:Newspapers]]
[[Category:Propaganda]]
[[Category:British right wing]]
[[Category:Murdochsphere]]

{{stub|Media}}

Categories: British media, Newspapers, Propaganda, British right wing, Murdochsphere
Neyman's bias

{{Sources needed}}{{logicnav}}
{{cquote|A late look at those exposed (or affected) early will miss fatal and other short episodes, plus mild or ‘silent’ cases and cases in which evidence of exposure disappears with disease onset.|||David Sackett<ref name=neymanbias1>''[https://catalogofbias.org/biases/prevalence-incidence-neyman-bias Prevalence-incidence (Neyman) bias]'', Catalogue of Bias</ref>}}
'''Neyman's bias''' (also known as '''prevalence-incidence bias''') is a form of [[selection bias]] that ensues due to the timing of when cases are incorporated into a study.<ref name="neymanbias1"/> [[Case-control study|Case-control studies]] tend to be the most vulnerable to this [[bias]].<ref name="neymanbias1"/> Essentially, the bias comes about whenever sick or healthy patients are excluded from a study, hence the bias occurs in two forms:

*Patients who have [[Death|died]] (or are in severe condition) are [[Survivorship bias|excluded]], consequently making conditions seem less severe.

*Patients who have recovered are excluded, consequently making conditions seem more severe.

The more time between exposure and investigation shall subsequently affect the chances of death or recovery, which can aggravate this bias as more cases are excluded from the study being conducted.<ref name="neymanbias1"/> When time goes by, patients will die. Conversely, other patients will recover during this same time interval. The people conducting the study may never know which groups of people are being excluded, thus it becomes impossible to adjust the study in order to mitigate [[bias]]; accordingly, there shall be either overestimated or underestimated results.

== Examples ==
If a case-control study investigates the [[flu]] (caused by influenza viruses), but only incorporates cases who have been admitted to a hospital, those who died preceding admission won't be included. Because the sample won't include those fatal cases, the study will be inaccurate.

== Prevention ==
For studies to be accurate, careful selection of study samples is imperative for an adequate grasp of certain diseases and their causes. Incident cases (newer cases) are favored over prevalent cases (pre-existing cases, which tend to be sicker with more progressed diseases), therefore, it's best to use incident cases instead of prevalent cases.<ref name="neymanbias1"/> This is why Neyman's bias is also called prevalence-incidence bias.

== References ==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

[[Category:Imprecision fallacies]]
[[Category:Fallacies]]
[[Category:Logic]]

Categories: Imprecision fallacies, Fallacies, Logic
Niche

{{biology}}
{{sources needed}}
In ecology, a '''niche''' (pronounced "nich", "nish" or "neesh")<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/niche Merriam-Webster: "niche"]</ref> is the place in an ecosystem that is fillable by a species. The idea is best explained through examples, so here we go.

Virtually everywhere on earth, the sun provides a swath of niches for any organism that can convert UV energy into a biologically usable form (plants and algae). This in turn forms the basis of nearly all ecosystems, opening up niches for anything that can eat these organisms (or parts of them) for the stored energy/chemicals. These animals then open up niches for organisms that prey on ''those'' organisms, which can open up niches for parasites to feed on those animals in turn, and so on.

In most parts of the world, the niche of small, skittish, ground-dwelling vegetarian is played by a placental [[mammal]], like a chipmunk or mouse. However, in Australia, the niche is taken up by a small, ground dwelling marsupial, while in New Zealand, the equivalent niche is a flightless, ground-adapted omnivorous [[bird]], the kiwi. In fact, most of the niches normally occupied by mammals in the rest of the world are filled by birds in New Zealand. The only native mammals in New Zealand are bats (which conveniently take up the night-hunting flying insectivore niche).

One thing to note is that no two species can fill the same niche simultaneously. This is one of the reasons invasive species are so damaging to ecosystems.<ref>[https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/niche/ NatGeo explains]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Evonav}}
{{keyword|evokey= Niche}}
[[Category:Evolution]]
[[Category:Biology]]
{{stub|evolution}}

Categories: Evolution, Biology
Nick Gillespie

[[File:Gillespie.jpg|thumb|right|Ayyy! The Fonzi of Freedom is here to protect your gliberties.]]{{pundits}}
'''Nick Gillespie''' (also known as '''The Fonzi of Freedom''' due to his habit of making all of his media appearances wearing a leather jacket) is the former editor-at-large and continuing contributor to the [[libertarian]] magazine ''[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]''. 

As a stock-issue [[libertarianism|libertarian]], Gillespie's philosophy can be boiled down to "legalize everything, deregulate everything, privatize everything."  
__TOC__
<div style="clear:left;"></div>
==Opinions==
===No limits on campaign contributions===
Gillespie is ''so'' libertarian that he has even denounced attempts to set limits on campaign contributions, treating it like an excuse for more government regulations or in his words, to "increase restrictions on unambiguously political speech via campaign finance 'reform'".<ref>[http://reason.com/archives/2006/12/05/south-park-libertarians The full quote, in case you think we're quote mining him]</ref> Considering that Reason is bankrolled by the [[Koch brothers]] this is hardly surprising, though he also writes for <i>The Daily Beast</i>, which is nobody's idea of a laissez-faire rag.
===Liberals as "Stalinists"===
Nick proved that he will go to any length to fight the dreaded [[socialism]] when he appeared alongside [[Jonah Goldberg]] and some other talking heads on a [[Glenn Beck]] documentary that was essentially a long argument by [[PIDOOMA|insinuation]] attempting to associate [[liberals]] with [[Reductio ad Hitlerum|Hitler and Stalin]].<ref>[http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=590FB12B-18FE-70B2-A886BC67D97B49C7 Gillespie on Beck]</ref>

==E-drama==
There was also some internet drama between Gillespie and Jon Chait of ''The New Republic'' when Chait called him out repeatedly for using [[pseudostatistics]] in a debate over taxes.<ref>[http://www.tnr.com/blog/jonathan-chait/80140/nick-gillespie-responds-and-his-point-i-have-no-idea Gillespie Responds and His Point Is...I Have No Idea]</ref> The fact that he doesn't fill up his blog with posts about how tall he is puts him a notch or two above [[Megan McArdle|McMegan]].

==External links==

*[http://tktk.gawker.com/nick-gillespie-is-a-rich-son-of-a-bitch-1699459814 Nick Gillespie is a rich son of a bitch]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gillespie, Nick}}
{{stub|libertarian}}
[[Category:Catholics]]
[[Category:Conspiracy theorists]]
[[Category:Journalists]]
[[Category:Libertarians]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Categories: Catholics, Conspiracy theorists, Journalists, Libertarians, Living people
Nick Pope (español)

{{Translation of|Spanish|Nick Pope}}
{{ufology}}
'''Nick Pope''' es un ex burócrata del [[United Kingdom|Reino Unido]] y actual [[ufology|"Ufólogo"]]. Su mayor azaña fué trabajar durante tres años en el "Escritorio OVNI" del Ministerio de Defensa del Reino Unido, tratando con informes [[UFO|ufológicos]] e investigaciones relacionadas. Aparentemente su trabajo lo convirtió en un creyente de los OVNIS: tras ser transladado a otro puesto dentro del Ministerio, escribió el libro ''Open Skies, Closed Minds''(''Cielos abiertos, mentes cerradas''), adquiriendo fama en la esfera OVNI al aprovecharse de su condición de "hombre del gobierno" y "Britain's Fox Mulder".

== Posición en el Ministerio de Defensa ==
Pope trabajó en el Ministerio de Defensa entre 1985 y 2006. En el período de 1991 a 1994 estuvo en la 'Secretaría 2a(Personal de aire)', esta oficina se dedicaba precisamente a tratar, entre otras cosas, informes OVNI y consultas similares recibidas en el Ministerio. La sección es descrita como ''el expediente X real'', pero su verdadero trabajo era mucho menos glamuroso. La razón principal para acumular relatos de avistamientos OVNIS era determinar si alguno de ellos suponía un peligro para la seguridad. La mayoría (si no todos) los informes han sido desclasificados y se encuentran disponibles copias digitales por una pequeña suma en el Archivo Nacional del Reino Unido. (Aunque también se pueden encontrar en sitios relacionados con las conspiraciones OVNI debido a que los PDFs han sido ofrecidos en la web del Archivo gratuitamente por un breve período de tiempo). En 2009 el Ministerio de Defensa anunció que no recaudará mas informes OVNI.

{{quotebox|Ahora [2009] Pope se denomina a sí mismo "ex-líder del proyecto OVNI del Ministerio de Defensa", lo cual es una exageración de la realidad. La descripción de su trabajo expone que se dedicaba a lidiar con dichos asuntos  un día a la asemana, enviando cartas con textos estándar que decían que los OVNIS no habían sido nunca una amenaza para la defensa y que el Ministerio nunca investigó avistamientos. <ref>Col. Arnold Moulder, ''A Diet of Worms: What is Nick Pope trying to hide?'', an article about Pope in [http://home.comcast.net/~tprinty/UFO/SUNlite.htm SUNlite] Vol.1 Num.3, September-October 2009</ref>}}

== Bibliografía ==
*''Open Skies, Closed Minds'', 1999, ISBN 0-87951-916-9
==Véase también==
{{otherlang
|pagelang=es
|en=Nick Pope}}

== Enlaces externos ==
* [http://nickpope.net/ Sitio oficial] (en inglés)
*Nick Pope, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/dec/04/ufo-ministry-of-defence "How not to report a UFO"], sección "Comment is free" de ''[[The Guardian]]'', 4 de diciembre de 2009 (en inglés)

==Referencias==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pope, Nick espanol}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Español]]
[[category:Ufology]]

Categories: Living people, Español, Ufology
Nick Redfern

{{ufology}}
{{cquote|Was it an UFO in the terms of a flying saucer? Or was it an UFO in the sense of it was just something in the sky that wasn't identified?|||Nick Redfern, a ufologist who apparently never bothered to find out what the UFO acronym stands for<ref>[http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1aui76_the-unexplained-nasa-ufo-files-aliens-extraterrestrial-paranormal-documentary_tv THE UNEXPLAINED NASA UFO FILES], at about 13:00</ref>}}

'''Nicholas "Nick" Redfern''' {{lived|1964}} is an [[Ufology|ufologist]], [[Cryptozoology|cryptozoologist]], and [[conspiracy]] theorist. He also believes the [[judgement day]] is nigh. The [[crank magnetism]] is strong in this one. 

Some of his books:

*''Bloodline of the Gods'', where he claims that [[humans]] are the product of [[ancient aliens]], and that humans are "periodically modified and refined as a species" and that human civilization is "one big lab experiment".<ref>''Bloodline of the Gods: Unravel the Mystery of the Human Blood Type to Reveal the Aliens Among Us'' by Nick Redfern (2015) New Page Books. ISBN  1601633653.</ref> Sounds [[Fun:The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy|slightly familiar]], doesn't it?
*''Secret History: Conspiracies from Ancient Aliens to the New World Order'', we'll let the title speak for itself.
*''FINAL EVENTS and the Secret Government Group on Demonic UFOs and the Afterlife'', from the blurb: "our purported alien visitors are, in reality, deceptive demons and fallen [[angels]]. They are the minions of [[Satan]], who are reaping and enslaving our very [[soul]]s, and paving the way for [[Armageddon]] and [[Judgment Day]]".<ref>http://www.anomalistbooks.com/book.cfm?id=29</ref> Also claims [[Aleister Crowley]] is connected to UFO's (which is ''almost'' believable).
*''Man Monkey: In Search of the British Bigfoot'', [[Bigfoot]] … again … [[PRATT]].

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{stub|ufology}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Redfern, Nick}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Christians]]
[[Category:Cryptozoology]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience]]
[[Category:Ufology]]

Categories: Authors, Christians, Cryptozoology, Living people, Pseudoscience, Ufology
Nick Xenophon

[[File:2009 07 24 Nick Xenophon speaking.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Xenophon in 2009]]{{politics}}
{{Sources needed}}
'''Nick Xenophon''' {{lived|1959}} was an independent [[Australian]] Senator, representing the state of South Australia. He founded the party named after his own name (because it seems to be the fashion of the moment in Australian politics). Before his entry into the Senate, he had previously served as a member of the South Australian Legislative Council. He is known for his publicity stunts, and his centrist brand of populism.

More recently, he has found himself in the role of kingmaker in the Senate. In some ways, this is a good thing. In others, it isn't.

== Good points ==
His arguments on [[gambling]] are good. He was very loud about the problematic nature of the Church of Scientology, and proposed that churches and religious institutions should not be [[tax-exempt]] unless they can show actual charitable works.<ref>http://www.news.com.au/national/south-australia/senator-nick-xenophon-asks-regulator-to-consider-revoking-church-of-scientologys-registration-as-a-charity/story-fnii5yv4-1227296188357</ref>

He also, between 2013-2016, has a very solid record of voting against the worst of the [[Tony Abbott]]-[[Malcolm Turnbull]] Government's agenda. He voted against the majority of budget cuts proposed in the 2014 Federal Budget, and also voted against the deregulation of universities.

== Bad points ==
He voted to repeal the [[Carbon tax (Australia)|carbon 
tax
 price]], and in support of the Abbott Government's direct action policy, before backtracking and stating that the plan had been "neutered" because of changes made to it via regulation.

He also voted to support the reintroduction of temporary protection visas.

He is also a proponent for so-called '[[Wind turbine syndrome|wind turbine illness]]'.

Oh, and [[Ann Bressington]].

As of Australia's 2016 election, is anti-GMO.<ref>https://nxt.org.au/whats-nxt/policy-principles/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Xenophon, Nick}}
{{Template:Down Under}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Australian politicians]]
[[Category:Pseudoscience promoters]]

Categories: Living people, Australian politicians, Pseudoscience promoters