Heinrich Himmler

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-S72707, Heinrich Himmler.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Ugh.]] 
{{nazism}}{{cquote|The most impenetrable of all Hitler's disciples was the National Leader of the SS, Heinrich Himmler. An inconspicuous man with all the marks of racial inferiority, the impression he made was one of simplicity. He went out of his way to be polite. In contrast to that of Goering his private life might be described as positively Spartan in its austerity. His imagination was all the more vivid, and even fantastic. He seemed like a man from some other planet.|||{{wpl|Heinz Guderian||,}} ''{{wpl|Panzer Leader (book)|Panzer Leader}}'' (1990), p. 446}}

'''Heinrich Himmler''' {{lived|1900|1945}} was the head of the [[Waffen-SS]] and the [[Gestapo]], and had overall control of the [[Nazi]] [[concentration camps]]. He also helped give the Nazis their reputation for creepy [[occultism]] (see: [[Nazi occultism]]).<ref>Moynihan, Michael; Flowers, Stephen E. (2007). The Secret King: The Myth and Reality of Nazi Occultism. Feral House. ISBN 9781932595604.</ref> He also thought he was the reincarnation of {{wpl|Henry the Fowler|King Henry}}.<ref>Frischauer, Willi (1953). Himmler, the Evil Genius of the Third Reich. Odhams. pp. 85–88.</ref><ref>Kersten, Felix (1957). The Kersten Memoirs: 1940–1945. Macmillan. p. 238.</ref><ref> Archaeology Under Dictatorship. (2004). Springer US. Page 203-204. ISBN: 9780387362144</ref>

==Early life and views==
Himmler first grew interested in nationalist politics after meeting {{wpl|Ernst Röhm||,}} who convinced him to join his [[antisemitic]] paramilitary group, the ''{{wpl|Bund Reichskriegsflagge}}'' (Imperial War Flag Society).<ref>Weale, Adrian (2010). ''The SS: A New History''. London: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-1-4087-0304-5.</ref> Himmler then began to grow more interested in the "[[Jewish question]]", and started filling his personal diary with numerous antisemitic pamphlets. Himmler joined the [[Nazi Party]] in August 1923. In November 1923 he participated in [[Adolf Hitler]]'s [[Beer Hall Putsch]], a failed coup d'état in Bavaria.

Himmler became obsessed with racial purity; he personally looked at the pictures of SS applicants to ensure that they were "physically and racially suitable".<ref>[https://spartacus-educational.com/ExamRHU3.htm Heinrich Himmler and the SS - A Study in Propaganda] ''Spartacus Educational''. - "Himmler now introduced a complex five year enrollment procedure. Having been declared physically and racially suitable for SS membership, an eighteen-year-old youth became an applicant (bewerber)."</ref> In 1939, he issued the Procreation Order, which encouraged SS men to have children with 'German women and girls of good blood'<ref>Martin Gilbert (2014). [https://books.google.com/books?id=42iHDwAAQBAJ "The Second World War: A Complete History"]. Rosetta Books. [[Special:BookSources/9780795337291|ISBN 9780795337291]]. Quote: "On October 28 Himmler issued a special 'Procreation Order' to the SS whereby it would become 'the sublime task of German women and girls of good blood, acting not frivolously but from a profound moral seriousness, to become mothers to children of soldiers setting off to battle'."</ref> – even out of wedlock. This was done to ensure the continuation of [[Aryan]] bloodlines (''Lebensborn'') should the father be killed in battle.<ref>[https://alphahistory.com/nazigermany/himmlers-procreation-order-to-ss-1939/ Himmler's Procreation Order to the SS (1939)] ''Alpha History''</ref> His search for "purity" also led him to endorse [[neo-paganism]], particularly attempts to revive the ancient Germanic [[religion]], something that earned him the derision of Hitler:
{{cquote|Isn't it enough that the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] were erecting great buildings when our forefathers were still living in mud huts? Now Himmler is starting to dig up these villages of mud huts and enthusing over every potsherd and stone axe he finds...|||<ref>{{Cite book |last=Speer |first=Albert |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XLSa_RIDHMUC&newbks=0 |title=Inside the Third Reich |date=1997 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-684-82949-4 |pages=94 |language=en}}</ref>}}

==World War Two==
===The Holocaust===
{{main|Holocaust}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 192-247, KZ Mauthausen, Himmlervisite.jpg|thumb|left|165px|Himmler visits Mauthausen concentration camp in 1941]]

Himmler was one of the leading perpetrators of the [[Holocaust]]. He became the leader of the SS (''Reichsführer-SS'') in 1929, a position he held until the end of the Second World War.

By the mid-1930’s, Himmler had taken total control of Germany’s police force. He also gained control of the Gestapo from [[Hermann Goering]]. Initially, the Gestapo was used to track down political opponents; however, it later became involved in tracking down Jews and sending them to concentration camps.<ref>[https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/gestapo Holocaust Encyclopedia - Gestapo] ''United States Holocaust Memorial Museum''</ref>

He set up and had overall control of the Nazi concentration camps and death camps. In 1941 he ordered Rudolf Höss, the Commandant of [[Auschwitz]], to begin exterminating the Jews. He said "the Führer had given the order for a Final Solution of the Jewish Question…. we, the SS, must carry out that order"<ref>[http://www.deathcamps.info/Nazis/page_2.htm Heinrich Himmler] ''The SS Men''</ref> In August 1941, Himmler watched the mass shooting of Jews in Minsk. During the murder Himmler's uniform was splattered by the blood of one of the victims. It is said that Himmler turned green and vomited afterwards.<ref>[https://www.warhistoryonline.com/war-articles/himmlers-diary-gives-chilling-insights-mind-one-powerful-men-nazi-germany.html Himmler’s Diary Gives Chilling Insights Into the Mind of One of the Most Powerful Men in Nazi Germany] ''War History Online''</ref> Concerned about the psychological impact of mass shootings on his SS men, Himmler ordered that more 'efficient' methods be found and the SS started to increase the use of gas. 

Under Himmler's orders, new arrivals to concentration camps were put through a selection process by the camp guards. Those considered ‘fit for work’ were used as slave labour, where many would later die from exhaustion, starvation or disease. Those who were not selected for labour were immediately condemned to death.<ref>[https://www.theholocaustexplained.org/the-final-solution/auschwitz-birkenau/transport-and-arrival/ SS Concentration Camp System - Transportation to Camps] ''The Holocaust Explained''</ref> 

He is also responsible for setting up the dreaded ''Einsatzgruppen'', the Nazi’s paramilitary death squads. Einsatzgruppen conducted many of the mass killings behind German lines in Nazi-occupied Europe. Many of Einsatzgruppen’s victims were Jewish, with up to 80% of Jewish population of Lithuania being murdered. <ref>[https://www.theholocaustexplained.org/the-final-solution/german-expansionism/the-einsatzgruppen/ 'Death by bullets' The Einsatzgruppen and the Soviet Union, 1941-1945] ''The Holocaust Explained''</ref>

===Loyal Heinrich===
Recognising that the war was lost, Himmler attempted to engage in peace talks with the Allies without the permission of Hitler. This included a meeting with a [[Sweden|Swedish]] representative of the {{wpl|World Jewish Congress||,}} where Himmler had the audacity to claim that Auschwitz had a high survival rate. He also embarked on negotiations with the leader of the Swedish Red Cross, in which Himmler described himself as the soon-to-be leader of Germany.

On 28 April, news of Himmler's negotiation attempts were leaked to the [[BBC]]. Hitler was enraged at this and stripped Himmler of all his ranks and ordered his arrest. Himmler's representative in Berlin, Hermann Fegelein, was executed the next day.

===Death===
Himmler used the fake identity 'Heinrich Hitzinger' in an attempt to evade the Allies, but was picked up by the British Army. He quickly admitted who he really was and was taken to British Army headquarters. When a doctor tried to conduct a medical examination on him, he bit into a cyanide capsule and subsequently died 15 minutes later.

==See also==
*[[Holocaust]]
*[[Adolf Hitler]]
*[[Adolf Eichmann]]
*[[Hermann Göring]]
*[[Ernst Kaltenbrunner]]
*[[Himmler on the execution of Jews]]
*[[Reinhard Heydrich]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

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[[Category:Anti-Christian bigots]]
[[Category:Antisemites]]
[[Category:Crimes against humanity]]
[[Category:Eugenics supporters]]
[[Category:European history]]
[[Category:Fascists]]
[[Category:Genocide]]
[[Category:Holocaust]]
[[Category:Holocaust perpetrators]]
[[Category:Military]]
[[Category:Nazis]]
[[Category:Racists]]
[[Category:War criminals]]

Categories: Anti-Christian bigots, Antisemites, Crimes against humanity, Eugenics supporters, European history, Fascists, Genocide, Holocaust, Holocaust perpetrators, Military, Nazis, Racists, War criminals