Communalism

[[File:Rojava.png|right|thumb|165px|The flag of [[Rojava]], a communalist region]]{{politics}}
:''Not to be confused with {{wpl|Communalism (South Asia)|the term "communalism" as used mainly in South Asia}}.''
'''Communalism''' is a political ideology created by [[Murray Bookchin]].<ref>http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/anarchist_archives/bookchin/cmmnl2.mcw.html</ref>

Bookchin's philosophy is first based on [[libertarian]] municipalism. Libertarian municipalism is about free towns: cities would have more liberty that would be based on direct democracy. It is also the replacement of the state with a confederation of towns.<ref>https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/murray-bookchin-libertarian-municipalism-an-overview</ref><ref>http://social-ecology.org/1991/04/libertarian-municipalism-an-overview/</ref>

The term "Communalism" can also refer to other ideologies in which property is put into communal ownership. It includes what Marx called primitive communism, where people would share everything with their tribe. A form of Communalism was practiced by the [[Apostle|followers]] [[Jesus|of some weird Jew in the Middle East]], who preached the principle of putting all in common (and who also seemed to hate death penalty, and was progressive for his time when it came to women's rights, much like in Rojava).<ref>And all that believed were together, and had all things common; And sold their possessions and goods, and parted them to all men, as every man had need. Acts of the Apostles, 2:44-2:45</ref> Communalism was also practiced by the 
moron
 [[Mormon]] Church.<ref>https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Doctrine_and_Covenants/Section_42</ref>

==Economy==
Communalist economics propose the abolition of markets and money and that enterprises and land should be put in the custody of citizens in free assemblies and their delegates in confederal councils. In contrast to a centrally planned economy, the economy of Communalism would be a municipal economy: each commune would manage its economy independently. Murray Bookchin's economic ideas derive from the 
marxim
 Marxist maxim "from each according to his ability, to each according to his need".<ref>http://social-ecology.org/wp/2002/09/harbinger-vol-3-no-1-the-communalist-project/</ref>

==Social ecology==
{{wpl|Social ecology|Social ecology}} is the idea that ecological problem comes from social problems. It may sound like pseudoscience, but Bookchin doesn't say that social problems magically cause pollution, but that ecological problems comes from hierarchies, structures because the idea that "man must dominate nature" comes "from the domination of man by man".<ref>https://libcom.org/files/Post-Scarcity%20Anarchism%20-%20Murray%20Bookchin.pdf</ref> It is therefore a [[sociological]] point of view, not [[woo]]. Bookchin explains that media has fostered [[Consumerism|mindless consumption]]. He also claims that [[Whole Foods Market|mass consumption of "green products" is just another form of consumerism which he calls "green capitalism"]] and is not ecological at all. This is pretty much true: for example, if we replaced our cars with electric cars, there would still be planned obsolescence, and psychological obsolescence, which would lead people to change their cars often, leading to a mass production of these cars, which would be very damaging for the environment.

==Historical examples==
===The PKK===
The Kurdistan Workers' Party is a movement of Kurds who are mostly known for fighting Erdoğan. It once wanted to create an independent state, Kurdistan, based on Marxism-Leninism. Öcalan then changed the ideology of the party, adopting {{wpl|Democratic Confederalism|Democratic Confederalism}}, which is basically Communalism, with anarchist feminism.<ref>http://www.cvltnation.com/anarchists-vs-isis-the-revolution-in-syria-nobodys-talking-about/</ref>

===Rojava===
The autonomous region of [[Syria]], {{wpl|Rojava||,}} is based on [[socialism]] (non-marxist-leninist socialism in particular) and communalism. Rojava is multi-ethnic with a large [[Kurdish]] population. It has implemented some of Bookchin's ideas, for example, it has implemented libertarian municipalism. A third of Rojava's property has been put in communal property.<ref>http://www.tangledwilderness.org/a-mountain-river-has-many-bends/#more-1040</ref>
Rojava has implemented a system of ownership by use, which means if a person does not use something, they lose their right to own it. Rojava also does not have [[taxes]], being instead funded by selling [[oil]] and other natural resources, and by border crossing fees.<ref>http://www.biehlonbookchin.com/poor-in-means/</ref> A third of enterprises are managed by worker councils and 75% of private property is under social ownership. Rojava's economy is self-reported as being fine for now, as there are more jobs and a more diverse economy.<ref>https://rojavareport.wordpress.com/2015/07/31/communal-economy-grows-in-rojava-despite-war/</ref><ref>https://rojavareport.wordpress.com/2014/12/22/efrin-economy-minister-rojava-challenging-norms-of-class-gender-and-power/</ref> According to the head of the Economic Body and chairman of Afrin University, Rojava's economy accounts for 55% of Syria's GDP.<ref>http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/04/kurdish-areas-norther-syria-economy-self-sufficiency.html</ref>
With Communalism, Muslims, [[women's rights]] and [[multiculturalism]], Rojava is the absolute, ultimate nightmare of the [[GOP]]. However, existing as they do on the Syrian side of the [[Turkish]] border, Rojava's continued existence is highly precarious during the ongoing [[Syrian Civil War]]. The government of Rojava wants to eliminate police in the long term.<ref>https://zcomm.org/znetarticle/no-this-is-a-genuine-revolution/</ref> Officers in the army of Rojava are elected by military units.<ref>https://zcomm.org/znetarticle/no-this-is-a-genuine-revolution/</ref><ref>http://www.supportrojava.org/</ref>

The army of Rojava has been found to be responsible of war crimes by Amnesty International.<ref>https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2015/10/syria-us-allys-razing-of-villages-amounts-to-war-crimes/</ref> Rojava might still be considered to have made some progress in human rights, because they enforce gender and race equality.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/24/world/middleeast/syria-kurds-womens-rights-gender-equality.html</ref>

==External Links==

[https://amityunderground.com/what-is-communalism-the-democratic-dimension-of-anarchism-murray-bookchin/ What is Communalism? The Democratic Dimension of Anarchism by Murray Bookchin]

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

{{stub|Politics}}
[[Category:Economics]]
[[Category:Environmentalism]]
[[Category:Libertarianism]]
[[Category:Socialism]]
[[Category:Sociology]]

Categories: Economics, Environmentalism, Libertarianism, Socialism, Sociology