trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Annie Besant

[[File:A._Besant_1885.jpg|thumb|upright|165px|Annie Besant (age 37)]]{{atheism|1}}
'''Annie Besant''' {{lived|1847|1933}} was a well-known [[United Kingdom|British]] [[atheist]], [[freethinker]],  [[socialist]], [[feminist]], political activist<ref>[http://www.ts-adyar.org/content/annie-besant-1847-1933 The Theosophical Society: Biography of Annie Besant]</ref> and, ultimately, a latter-day [[woo]]-peddler. She was raised a [[Christian]] and, at the age of 20, married Frank Besant, an [[Anglican]] minister. However, she was a formidable [[woman]], and split from her husband over [[religious]] differences to become an active member of both the [[secular]] movement and the Fabians. Later, she met [[Helena Blavatsky]] and became involved in the [[Theosophy|Theosophical]] movement and [[Freemasonry]].

==Life==
Born Annie Wood into a middle-class family of [[Irish]] extraction living in [[London]], Annie lost her father, who died when she was just five years old. Her mother ran a boarding-house for boys at Harrow School, but struggled financially - young Annie was cared for by her mother's friend Ellen Marryat, who ensured that she had a good [[Homeschooling|home-schooled]] education and [[Irony|imbued her with a sense of duty and with feminist ideals]]. At the age of 19, while on a walking holiday, she was reintroduced to Frank Besant, a young, high-church,<ref>{{wpa | High church}} </ref> [[evangelical]] vicar who proposed to her after only a week.<ref name="Autobio">[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12085/12085-h/12085-h.htm#CHIV ''Annie Besant :An Autobiography'' (1893)]</ref> Frank took Annie's reluctant silence as a tacit acceptance, and she drifted into an [[Marriage|engagement]] under the pretence that as a vicar's wife she would be able to satisfy her desire for a noble and useful life by working with, and helping, the [[poor]].

In the three years following her wedding Annie conceived two children, a boy born in January 1869 and a girl born in August 1870. A near-fatal bout of whooping cough and bronchitis suffered by her daughter caused Annie to start questioning her religious beliefs, and over the following three years she endured self-torment, and even contemplated [[suicide]] with chloroform, as she turned from Christianity to atheism.<ref name="Autobio"/> However, Annie's political views hardened, and she became convinced that deeper social changes were needed beyond immediate service in order to alleviate [[poverty]] and suffering, advocating [[birth control]]. She converted to [[Theosophy]] in the 1880s, and continued to follow this cause for the rest of her life, eventually rising to become the leader of one branch after it split into factions. Among secular causes, she advocated [[India]]n independence, [[women's suffrage]], and [[vegetarianism]].<ref>
[http://womenshistory.about.com/od/freethought/a/annie_besant.htm The Story of Annie Besant: Minister's Wife to Atheist to Theosophist]
</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Besant, Annie}}

[[Category:Atheists]]
[[Category:Socialists]]
[[Category:Feminists]]

Categories: Atheists, Socialists, Feminists
Année de la Bible

{{hatnote|This is a French translation of [[Year of the Bible]].}}{{Uspolitics fr}}
L''''année de la Bible''' fait référence aux proclamations de politiciens qui confirment (du moins dans l'esprit des signataires) que les Etats-Unis sont une nation chrétienne et que la citoyenneté devrait étudier la bible cette année pour renforcer cette fausse croyance. 

Il devrait être noté qu'aucune proclamation actuelle et officielle de l'Année de la Bible n'est arrivée avant que l'établissement du groupe ''Moral Majority'' a mené des fondamentalistes auparavant apolitiques dans l'arène des politiques nationales. 

Les proclamations officielles de l'Année de la Bible incluent : 
*1983 -- Reagan signe la proclamation 5018 à la prière nationale du déjeuner tenue le 3 février, 1983. Cette proclamation a promulgué la première Année de la Bible nationale. 
*1999 -- Une Année Internationale de Lecture de la Bible a été proclamé par George H.W. Bush. <ref> "A Proclamation Proclamation 5018 -- Year of the Bible, 1983"</ref>
*L'état de la Pennsylvanie a passé une loi proclamant 2012 comme l'Année de la Bible dans cet Etat.<ref> Wilson, Mary. "Lawmakers designate 'Year of the Bible' in Pa.", NewsWorks.org website (operated by public TV station WHYY), posted 30 January 2012, accessed 16 March 2012.</ref>

Certains fondamentalistes salivent à l'idée de nouvelles Années de la Bible dans le futur.<ref>↑ "Proclamation 5018 | Maybe we can celebrate another “Year of the Bible” again… someday", Questioning With Boldness... website, posted 8 July 2011, accessed 16 March 2012.</ref>
==Voir aussi==
{{Otherlang|
pagelang=fr|en=Year of the Bible}}

==Références==
<references/>
[[Category:Français]]
[[category:United States politics]]

Categories: Français, United States politics
Anointing

{{significantly problematic}}{{religion}}{{Sources needed}}
'''Anointing''' is the act of pouring oil over somebody as a religious ritual.  The procedure started when ancient shepherds anointed the heads of sheep to prevent parasites entering their ears. 

Around 1300 [[BCE]], it contained a combination of drugs — Cinnamon (MHDC), Calamus (ß-Asarone, a precursor for TMA-2),<ref group=note>According to original Aramaic and [[Hebrew]] scriptures referenced by Sula Benet, the word is actually "Kaneh Bosm", which is aromatic, female, medical Cannabis in contrast to "Kaneh", the male hemp, used for shirts to bury the dead, as "bosm" means "fragrant". This would explain Jesus' healing "wonders" pharmacologically very well, if he wasn't just the fictional personification of political ideas, as the oil was reserved for the ruling elite of kings, priests, and prophets.</ref> Myrrh (DMT), Cassia (Ibogaine), and a hint of Olive Oil, poured over a priest, king, or prophet's head and beard in preparation for leadership and understanding of [[YHWH|God]].

The terms "anointing" and "anointed" are also used as [[Pentecostal]] [[dog whistle politics|dog whistle]] words, which mean "this person or ministry is filled with the [[Holy Spirit]] and [[speaking in tongues|speaks in tongues]]" without openly admitting they speak in tongues.  You will most often see this on the [[Trinity Broadcasting Network]] when a [[televangelist]]'s show is being introduced.

The Hebrew term '[[Messiah]]' means "the anointed one." Same thing for the Greek word '[[Christ]]'.

==See also==
*[[Baptism]]
*[[Essential oil]]
*[[Woo]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

{{stub|religion}}
[[Category:Religious terms]]

Categories: Religious terms
Answering Islam

{{islam}}{{christianity}}
'''Answering Islam''' is a website [[Evangelism|dedicated to converting]] [[Islam|Muslims]] to [[Christianity]] and to debunking incorrect Muslim claims<ref name=About>[http://www.answering-islam.org/about.html Who is "Answering Islam"? | answering-islam.org]</ref> in favor of incorrect Christian claims.

The site hosts numerous criticisms of the Qur'an,<ref>[http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/index.html The Qur'an - Claims & Evaluation | answering-islam.org]</ref> including sections on [[Qur'anic contradictions|contradictions]],<ref>[http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Contra/ Contradictions / Difficulties in the Qur'an | answering-islam.org]</ref> [[Qur'anic scientific foreknowledge|scientific foreknowledge]],<ref>[http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Science/index.htm Qur'an and Science | answering-islam.org]</ref> prophecies,<ref>[http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Prophecy/index.html Prophecy in the Qur'an? | answering-islam.org]</ref> [[numerology]],<ref>[http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Numerics/index.html Is there a Numerical Miracle of the Qur'an? | answering-islam.org]</ref> and textual integrity.<ref>[http://www.answering-islam.org/Quran/Text/index.html Textual Variants of the Qur'an | answering-islam.org]</ref>

The site is explicitly Christian<ref name=About /> and, as expected, remains incredibly apologetic to all forms of criticisms, contradictions, and various other aspects found within biblical scriptures, not to mention [[deceit|asserting]] Islam is of pagan origins while claiming the biblical narratives have absolutely no relation in the slightest with paganism — as opposed to the similar organization [[WikiIslam]], which attacks Islam without supporting any particular religion. There is a Muslim counterpart called Answering Christianity,<ref>[http://www.answering-christianity.com/ac.htm Answering Christianity: Islam Answers Trinitarian Beliefs.]</ref> which does virtually the same things as Answering Islam, in that they heavily criticize doctrines of Christianity while being incredibly apologetic towards Islam; for bonus points, they go a little crazy by blaming [[Israel]] for [[9/11]].

==External links==
*[http://www.answering-islam.org/index.html Answering Islam Main Page]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{stub|Islam|Islam}}

[[Category:Criticism of Islam]]
[[Category:Websites]]
[[Category:Christianity]]
[[Category:Apologetics and counter-apologetics]]

Categories: Criticism of Islam, Websites, Christianity, Apologetics and counter-apologetics
Answers Research Journal Volume 15


{{crenav}}__NOTOC__

'''Volume 15 of the [[Answers Research Journal]]''' ran through 2022.

==Volume 15 articles==
===={{plainlinks|[https://answersresearchjournal.org/ancient-egypt/place-of-exodus-egyptian-history/ The Place of the Exodus in Egyptian History]}}====
:''Robert M. Porter,'' February 16, 2022

===={{plainlinks|[https://answersresearchjournal.org/human-evolution/problem-over-design-darwinism/ The Problem of Over-Design for Darwinism]}}====
:''Dr. Jerry Bergman,'' February 23, 2022

===={{plainlinks|[https://answersresearchjournal.org/ancient-egypt/place-of-exodus-egyptian-history-comments/ The Place of the Exodus in Egyptian History: Comments]}}====
:''A. John M. Osgood,'' March 2, 2022

==See also==
*[[Answers Research Journal]]
*[[Answers in Genesis]] 

==External links==
*[https://answersingenesis.org/answers/research-journal/v15/ ARJ Vol. 15]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{crebox}}

[[Category:Answers Research Journal]]

Categories: Answers Research Journal
Answers for Darwin

{{crenav}}
'''Answers for Darwin''' was a [[creationism|creationist]] conference held February 6 and 7, 2009 at Calvary Chapel in Costa Mesa, [[California]] and on February 15 to 17, 2009 at the Thomas Road Baptist Church in Lynchburg, Virginia (once the home church of [[Jerry Falwell]]).<ref>[http://christianpost.com/Education/Creation_evolution/2009/01/creationists-to-mark-darwin-day-with-anti-evolution-conference-30/ Creationists to mark Darwin Day]</ref>  It was sponsored by [[Answers in Genesis]], and featured [[Ken Ham]] and [[Andrew Snelling]] (of [[Answers Research Journal]] fame).<ref>[http://www.answersingenesis.org/events/details.aspx?Event_ID=6189. "Answers for Darwin".  Answers in Genesis.  2009.  ]</ref>  It was a counter-response to Darwin Day.

The conference drew a whopping 4500 in [[Virginia]].<ref>http://christianpost.com/Education/Creation_evolution/2009/02/creationist-conference-on-refuting-darwin-draws-4-500-17/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|creationism}}
{{crebox}}

[[Category:Creationism]]

Categories: Creationism
Anthony Kennedy

[[File:Anthony_Kennedy_Official.jpg|thumb|165px|Offical portrait]]{{law}}
'''Anthony Kennedy''' {{lived|1936|}} is a former [[United States]] [[Supreme Court]] Justice appointed by President [[Ronald Reagan]] in 1987. 
Kennedy, a compromise candidate, became Reagan's third choice when the Senate rejected [[Robert Bork]] (of [[Nixon]]-era [[Watergate|Saturday Night Massacre]] fame) and the name of Douglas Ginsburg was withdrawn after he admitted smoking [[marijuana]] with his law students at Harvard.<ref>http://columbialibertarians.blogspot.com/2005/04/judge-douglas-ginsburg.html</ref> Kennedy was confirmed 97-0 by the [[U.S. Senate]].

In late June of 2018, Justice Kennedy announced he would retire on July 31<sup>st</sup> that year. His retirement could have major political consequences for decades to come as former President [[Donald Trump]] has appointed a conservative judge, [[Brett Kavanaugh]], to replace him. Kennedy was the "swing vote" in the Supreme Court. He sided with conservatives in ''[[Bush v. Gore]]'' and ''[[Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission|Citizens United v. FEC]]'' but with liberals in ''Planned Parenthood v. Casey'', which upheld the right to [[Abortion|abortion]], ''Roper v. Simmons'', which struck down the [[death penalty]] for juvenile offenders, and ''Obergefell v. Hodges'', which paved the way for [[same-sex marriage]]. Democrats demanded that the nomination for Kennedy’s replacement take place after the 2018 midterm elections, citing the 2016 presidential election as precedent, when Republicans, led by Mitch McConnell refused to even consider President [[Barack Obama]]'s candidate.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/27/politics/anthony-kennedy-retires/index.html Justice Anthony Kennedy to retire from Supreme Court]. CNN. June 27<sup>th</sup>, 2018</ref> [[Brett Kavanaugh|This failed miserably]].
==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}
{{stub|law}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kennedy, Anthony}}
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:Law]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:United States Supreme Court Justices]]

Categories: California, Law, Living people, United States Supreme Court Justices
Anthony Warner

{{skepnav|1}}
{{expand}}

'''Anthony Warner''' (best known as the '''Angry Chef''') {{lived|1973}} is a [[British]] chef, food writer and [[skeptic]]. Warner has spent much time debunking [[fad diet]]s, [[food woo]] and [[quackery]].<ref>[https://www.spectator.co.uk/2017/07/the-angry-chef-whos-fed-up-with-fad-diets/ The angry chef who's fed up with fad diets]</ref><ref name="Spectator">[https://health.spectator.co.uk/imaginary-intolerances-and-stupid-food-fads-the-world-needs-the-angry-chef/ Imaginary intolerances and stupid food fads: the world needs The Angry Chef]</ref>

He operates the Angry Chef blog. It contains valuable criticisms of food woo promoters such as [[Aseem Malhotra]] and [[Gwyneth Paltrow]], as well as [[bullshit]] diets like the [[alkaline diet]], [[Low-carb diet|low-carb high-fat]] (LCHF), [[paleo diet]] and [[pseudoscientific]] [[detoxification]] ideas.<ref name="Spectator"/><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/jun/18/angry-chef-debunking-detox-diets-wellness-nutrition-alternative-facts Meet the chef who’s debunking detox, diets and wellness]</ref>

==Selected publications==
*''The Angry Chef: Bad science and the Truth about Healthy Eating'' (2017)
*''The Angry Chef's Guide to Spotting Bullsh*t in the World of Food'' (2018)
*''The Truth About Fat'' (2019)

==External links==
*[https://www.the-angry-chef.com/ The Angry Chef]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Warner, Anthony}}
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:British people]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Categories: Authors, British people, Living people
Anti-revisionism

{{Sources needed}}{{Communism}}
'''Anti-revisionism''', in the [[Communism|communist]] sense, is the utter rejection of reform, modification, or any form of change to communist revolutionary thought to a modern standard, much like most of the [[United States Declaration of Independence]]. This -ism grew out from stodgy resistance to the reforms of [[Nikita Khrushchev]], however, it also has influence from [[Leon Trotsky#Trotskyism|Trotskyism]]. The -ism found fertile ground in the [[China|People’s Republic of China]] among others.

Mostly if a communist calls another communist "revisionist", it's because the first considers the second insufficiently [[Stalin apologetics|Stalin-apologetic]].

== Anti-revisionism in China ==
[[Mao Zedong]] made a great leap into the arms of anti-revisionism when relations with Nikita Khrushchev’s [[Soviet Union]] began to falter. Khrushchev’s condemnation of Stalin's totalitarianism possibly worried Mao who was a dictator in the style of [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]], who of course was a  [[Stalin apologetics|champion of the people]] just as Mao was (Stalin Denialism). There were also ideological, personal, and geopolitical reasons why Mao was opposed to Khrushchev. Mao considered the Soviet Union to be a den of secret bourgeoisie wearing revolutionaries’ clothing. Thus, anti-revisionism became a central facet of [[Maoism|Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought]]. Continuing class struggle was considered one antidote for revisionism which featured prominently during the Cultural Revolution. The proletariat was encouraged to overthrow their now suspect teachers, bosses, community leaders, and superiors. All except for Mao, of course, who led the charge from the comfy confines of his bed or the kiddie end of his private pool.<ref>Li, Zhisui (1994). The Private Life of Chairman Mao: The Memoirs of Mao's Personal Physician. London: Random House. ISBN 978-0679764434.</ref> What started as a convenient excuse to eliminate pesky political underlings gunning for his job got somewhat out of hand and led to the destruction of millennium’s worth of cultural heritage as well as property destruction and general chaos. The official unofficial end to anti-revisionism as a mainstream idea in China came with the ascension of Deng Xiaoping, though his policy of "seven parts good, three parts bad."{{cn}} in reference to Mao's reign meant that the idea still persisted deeply within Chinese culture. The anti-revisionism after party moved to [[Albania]] after the 1978 Sino-Albanian split.

== Famous Anti-revisionists ==
*[[Enver Hoxha]]
*[[Mao Zedong]]
*Any [[Tankie]]
*{{wpl|List of anti-Revisionist groups}}

== See also ==

* [[Dogma]]

==External links==
*[http://www.marxists.org/history/erol/erol.htm Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism Online]

==References==
{{reflist|2|80%}}

{{Stub|Communism}}

[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:History of communism]]
[[Category:Euphemisms]]
[[Category:Tankies]]
[[Category:Totalitarianism]]

Categories: Politics, History of communism, Euphemisms, Tankies, Totalitarianism
Antihumanism

{{philosophy}}
{{sources needed}}
'''Antihumanism''' refers to the [[philosophy|philosophical]] perspective which rejects [[humanism]]'s elevation of human beings to a special metaphysical level of existence compared to the rest of reality. It is not, actually, a term for generalized misanthropy.  Antihumanism opposes abstract concepts of "man", "humanity", and "[[human nature]]" and posits that humans are not [[rational]]ly autonomous {{wpl|subjects||.}}

==Heidegger==
[[Martin Heidegger]] was a 
boozy beggar
 notable critic of humanism. Distancing himself from [[existentialism]], Heidegger criticised humanism's anthropocentric approach to philosophy. Heidegger believed humans to be social and historical beings, whose will and consciousness are governed by the circumstances into which they are thrown.

==Althusser==
"Antihumanism" (as "theoretical Antihumanism") was first explicitly advanced as a philosophical position by the French philosopher and Communist [[Louis Althusser]]. In opposition to Marxist Humanism, Althusser proffered a radical incongruity between the humanism of [[Karl Marx]]'s early writings and the later scientific theory of Marx's 'Das Kapital'. Althusser claimed to find latent in Marx's writings a revolutionary rejection of the distinction between subject and object. For Althusser, Marx viewed human individuals as a product of society. Their beliefs, desires, preferences, judgements are inculcated in them by society and its ideological, political and economic practices. A person's view of themselves as a subject whose actions can be explained by their beliefs and thought is not innate; rather, the role of a subject is imposed upon them by society and its ideologies.

==Foucault==
Althusser's student [[Michel Foucault]], is another notable thinker described as "antihumanist". Alluding to [[Nietzsche]]'s proclamation of the Death of God, Foucault's 1966 book ''The Order of Things'' talks of the "Death of Man". Foucault was critical of the belief that "human nature" was at the center of all morality. In opposition to the Enlightenment belief in the emancipatory nature of reason and knowledge, Foucault argues that it is not possible for power to be exercised without knowledge and that it is impossible for knowledge not to engender power.

==Animal rights==
Some extreme [[animal rights]] activists have been labeled as antihumanist,<ref>[http://www.stephenhicks.org/2009/11/30/heidegger-anti-humanism-and-the-left/ An interesting take on antihumanism and Heidegger, most of it bunk]</ref> sometimes correctly.

== External links ==
*[http://blogs.ssrc.org/tif/2010/06/03/secularism-atheism-antihumanism/ "Secularism, atheism, antihumanism"]
*[http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/en/heartfield-james.htm "Postmodernism and the Death of the Subject"]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|philosophy}}

[[Category:Philosophy]]

Categories: Philosophy
Antonio Lima-de-Faria

{{quotemine}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:António Lima-de-Faria}}
'''António Lima-de-Faria''' is a geneticist and professor emeritus<ref>[http://www.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=7130&task=listPersons&name=lima-de-faria&search=S%F6k University of Lund: Staff]</ref> at the university of Lund, Sweden (the home of [[Nils Heribert Nilsson]]). 

In ''Evolution without Selection'' (1988) Lima-de-Faria proposed that evolution is "ordered" by physico-chemical processes (see [[orthogenesis]]).  Thus, while he accepts the [[theory of evolution]], Lima-de-Faria is a [[non-Darwinian]] who rejects the doctrine of [[natural selection]].

Lima-de-Faria is often [[Quote-mining|quote-mined]] by advocates of creationism.  One passage he wrote ("...there has never been a theory of evolution...") seems to indicate that he is rejecting the concept of evolution.  However, the passage as quoted is meaningless outside of its full context, making it completely unclear what Lima-De-Faria was saying.  Given that Lima-de-Faria also wrote that "evolution starts when the universe is born",<ref>'''Antonio Lima-de-Faria''' ''Evolution without Selection. Form and Function by Autoevolution'', 1988, Elsevier, New York, page 18 </ref> it's obvious that his views on the topic are more complicated than creationists wish them to be.

==References==

{{reflist}}
{{crebox}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lima-de-Faria, Antonio}}
[[Category:Creationism]]
[[Category:Scientists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Portugal]]
[[Category:Sweden]]

Categories: Creationism, Scientists, Living people, Portugal, Sweden