trentmkelly/rationalwiki huggingface dataset:
Leaderless resistance

{{politics}}
'''Leaderless resistance''' is a technique in which small, independent groups or individuals challenge an established adversary.  It can include actions from non-violent disruption to vandalism to various forms of direct action.

With regard to [[White supremacists]] who commit acts of [[terrorism]], it is sometimes given the misnomer of "'''lone wolf'''". It is a misnomer in such cases because white supremacists are ideologically coordinated, giving motivation to individuals to commit acts of terror.<ref name=belew>"Insurrection" by Kathleen Belew. In: ''Myth America: Historians Take On the Biggest Legends and Lies About Our Past'', edited by Kevin M. Kruse & Julian E. Zelizer (2022) Basic Books. {{isbn|1541601394}}. Pages 251-265.</ref>{{rp|256}} With regard to white supremacist groups, the tactic of leaderless resistance began after the use of government informants within the [[Ku Klux Klan]] to prosecute the group.<ref name=belew/>{{rp|255}} ''[[The Turner Diaries]]'' is a key document for leaderless revolution among white supremacists.<ref name=belew/>{{rp|260}} The myth of the "lone wolf" is used by white supremacists and their supporters (particularly within the [[GOP]]) to obfuscate the size of and the primary causes of race-based violence in the United States.<ref name=belew/>{{rp|264}}<ref>[https://www.tampabay.com/florida-politics/buzz/2019/08/16/memo-reveals-a-house-republican-strategy-on-shootings-downplay-white-nationalism-blame-left/ Memo reveals a House Republican strategy on shootings: downplay white nationalism, blame left: The GOP memo falsely pinned the El Paso massacre and other notable mass shootings on the left.] by Steve Contorno (Published Aug. 16, 2019 | Updated Aug. 19, 2019) ''Tampa Bay Times''.</ref> The size of the dedicate White supremacist movement in the 1980s was estimated to be about 25,000 in the US, with an additional 150,000-175,000 additional activists, and an additional 450,000 who read White supremacist literature.<ref name=belew/>{{rp|257}}

In leaderless resistance, a recognized leader or group gives generalized instructions or ideas of some sort and other groups or individuals&nbsp;— without having any direct contact with the apparent "leadership"&nbsp;— begin to act in such a way as to carry out the goals expressed by the "leadership."

Leaderless resistance has been used by a number of groups. For instance, it could be used by internet groups who might wish to suggest that a particular movement or website should be targeted in some way&nbsp;— but the suggestion could be phrased in such a way that those suggesting such a course of action would be able to claim plausible denial of any wrongdoing.

Sometimes someone does something that just pisses a lot of people off. 

==See also==
* [[Occupy Wall Street]]
* [[Streisand effect]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|culture}}

[[Category:Anthropology]]
[[Category:Culture]]
[[Category:Far-right politics]]
[[Category:White supremacy]]

Categories: Anthropology, Culture, Far-right politics, White supremacy
Lebensraum

{{title-italics}}
{{nazism|}}
{{cquote|For [[Fascism]], the growth of Empire, that is to say the expansion of the nation, is an essential manifestation of vitality...|||[[Benito Mussolini]]<ref>https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Benito_Mussolini</ref>}}

'''''Lebensraum''''', literally meaning "living space" in German, was a major policy of [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Nazi Germany]] in the 1930s and 1940s. With origins in the Imperial German ''Septemberprogramm'', the basic policy was that the German people needed "living space" in Eastern Europe to repopulate the land with Germanic people. ''Lebensraum'' was the ideological motivation behind Hitler's territorial expansion eastwards. The eventual goal of the policy was to create a strong agrarian middle class of loyal Germans by granting veterans farmland in the new territories, simultaneously suppressing the local people and weakening the labor movement.

The policy led to the annexing of parts of [[Austria]] and [[Czechoslovakia]]. It is also a reason why Germany invaded [[Poland]] in 1939. It was also a core reason as to why [[Hitler]] began the war with the [[Soviet Union]], and even more importantly Generalplan Ost, the plan for the [[Genocide|total eradication]] of at least 100 million people in Central and Eastern Europe, the vast majority being Slavs (percentages are population eradicated unless otherwise stated): [[Poland|Poles]] (80%), [[Ukraine|Ukrainians]] (65% to be deported to West Ukraine and [[Slavery|enslaved]], 35% to be subjected to cultural genocide), [[Belarus|Belarussians]] (75%), and [[Russia|Russians]] (70 million), and [[Czech Republic|Czechs]] (50%). Additionally, [[Latvia|Latvians]] (50%), Estonians (≈50%), [[Lithuania|Lithuanians]] (85%), and most horrifyingly, Latgalians ('''100%'''). 

==See also==
*[[Irredentism]]
*[[Manifest destiny]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{stub|Nazism|Nazism}}
[[Category:Irredentism]]
[[Category:Imperialism]]
[[Category:Nazism]]

Categories: Irredentism, Imperialism, Nazism
Lee Hae-chan

[[File:Lee hae-chan.jpg|thumb|right|165px|Lee in 2012]]{{politics}}
'''Lee "the liberal Trump" Hae-chan''' (이해찬, born July 10, 1952) is a politician in South Korea and the former leader of the ruling [[Minjoo Party of Korea|Minjoo Party]] (2018-2020). A liberal by South Korean standards, he is controversial because his words and actions are reminiscent of those of [[Donald Trump]].

==Collection of his Trumpish remarks==
{{cquote|I've rarely heard of the economy going well in public life.}}

{{cquote|(Right-wing) Lawmakers are as pathetic as the physically handicapped. There are so many mentally disabled in the political circle.<ref>https://www.hankyung.com/politics/article/2018122828141</ref>|||'''The Minjoo Party of Korea's Committee for the Disabled.'''{{efn|demeaned the disabled at events related to the disabled.}} reproach conservative politicians. 2018}}

{{cquote|I didn't know either, but I heard that the congenital disabled have a relatively weaker will than the acquired disabled!<ref>http://www.hani.co.kr/arti/politics/assembly/924588.html</ref>}}

{{cquote|If it is not our party, I don't think we have the capacity to take power and take the center of the reform.}}

{{cquote|(with sexuality) Korean men like Vietnamese women better than other women!<ref>https://www.ytn.co.kr/_ln/0101_201812041430065186</ref>}}

{{cquote|The Philippines has become one of the poorest and most disturbed countries in Asia. This is why politics is very important!}}

{{cquote|<small>(When [[Na Kyung-won]], a [[Liberty Korea Party|conservative politician]], accused President Moon of being "[[Kim Jong Un|Kim Jong-un]]'s chief spokesman.")</small> <br> That "criminal of insult to the head of state". Apologize now!}}<ref>[https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201903121477050035?did=DA&dtype=&dtypecode=&prnewsid 민주당, 나경원 막말에 분노… “국가원수 모독죄” - Hankook Ilbo.]</ref>{{efn|For your information, 'criminal of insult to the head of state' was abolished after democratization (1988). Moreover, [[Moon Jae-in|Mr. Moon]] is a former democracy activist and liberal politician.}}

His remarks seem like those of a far-right politician, but he is considered liberal in South Korea!

The [[Justice Party (South Korea)|Justice Party]]{{efn|It is an active party compared to other parties in the minority rights and [[Social justice|social justice]] issue among the floor parties of the [[South Korea|Republic of Korea]].}} unofficially lashed out at Lee Hae-chan's remarks, saying, "Lee Hae-chan's derogatory hate speech about minorities is very habitual!" In fact, if it were Europe, such hate speech would not only lead to the resignation of the party leader but also criminal punishment. <small>
As such, S. Korea is a socially conservative and authoritarian country.
 
Its neighbor, [[Japan]], is not very progressive on this issue either.
</small>

==See also==
* [[Hate speech]]

==Note==
<references group="note"/>

==References==
{{reflist|80%}}
{{stub|politicians}}
[[Category:Liberals]]
[[Category:South Korean politics]]
[[Category:Deceit]]
[[Category:Ableism]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Categories: Liberals, South Korean politics, Deceit, Ableism, Living people
Lee Smolin

[[File:LeeSmolinAtHarvard.JPG|thumb|left|165px|Lee Smolin]]
{{Physics|1}}
'''Lee Smolin''' is an American theoretical physicist, a faculty member at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, an adjunct professor of [[physics]] at the University of Waterloo, in [[Ontario]], [[Canada]], and a member of the graduate faculty of the philosophy department at the University of Toronto.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Smolin</ref> He was part of a team that wrote the first equations on [[Gravity#Quantum gravity|quantum gravity]], an attempt to unify [[quantum mechanics]] with theories of [[gravity]] like [[Einstein]]'s theory of [[Relativity|General Relativity]].

Through his book ''{{wpl|Three Roads to Quantum Gravity|Three Roads to Quantum Gravity}}'', he establishes the claim that space is not empty but full of energy forming a discrete fabric. This fabric is described as a lattice of spin-networks by [[Roger Penrose]], and through a series of loop quantum gravity equations by Carlo Rovelli.<ref>http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9505006</ref>

[[Luboš Motl]] considers Smolin an evil crackpot, as he does anyone failing to see the truth of [[string theory]], but Smolin particularly pisses him off.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Smolin, Lee}}
[[Category:Living people]]

Categories: Living people
Lee Spetner

{{crenav|1}}
'''Lee Spetner''' is an [[United States|American]] [[physicist]] and [[Judaism|Jewish]] [[creationist]].

==Creationism==

Spetner first became interested in [[evolution]] after moving to [[Israel]]. In Israel he attempted to search for evidence which "contradicted evolution" - based on his [[religious]] views. Spetner believes in the Jewish [[creation myth]] which tells of 365 originally created species of "beasts" and 365 birds.<ref>Ronald L. Numbers, ''The creationists: from scientific creationism to intelligent design'', 2006, pp. 427 - 428</ref> As a creationist, he has lectured on Jewish creationism.<ref>Tom McIver, Anti-evolution: an annotated bibliography, 2008 p. 277</ref>

Spetner became best known for his book ''Not by Chance, Shattering the Modern Theory of Evolution'' (1996), which attacks a [[strawman]] version of modern evolutionary theory, claiming wrongly that that theory portrays evolution as "random", when in fact the theory holds that non-random [[natural selection]] selects for adaptive changes.  He attempts to replace this strawman version of the [[modern evolutionary synthesis | modern synthesis]] with a mixture of divine creation and an idea of "non-random evolution theory" (well, duh, we know it's non-random).  Creationists, including [[intelligent design | intelligent-design]] creationists, have endorsed Spetner's book.<ref>
[http://www.trueorigin.org/chance.asp A review of Dr. Lee Spetner's book, Not By Chance!]
</ref>

==Science==

Even though Spetner is a qualified physicist who has some scientific publications under his belt, he is not qualified in [[biology]] and his views on [[evolution]] have been rejected by the scientific community as [[pseudoscience]]. Critics claim that he bases his views on a religious bias and not the evidence.<ref>[http://wasdarwinwrong.com/kortho36.htm A review of Lee Spetner's "Not By Chance!" by Gert Korthof]</ref><ref>[http://www.talkreason.org/articles/spetner.cfm Dr. Spetner derives non-random evolution from the Talmud By Mark Perakh]</ref>
==Spetner and other creationists==

Spetner is often [[quote mined]] by [[young earth creationist]]s, other [[Christian]] creationists and [[Intelligent design]] advocates who pretend he is a "non-creationist" who only rejects the mutation element of the modern synthesis. This is however completely false as Spetner has admitted to being a creationist and only accepts [[microevolution]], he is no different than any of the other [[creationists]]. It is quite clear from his religious views that he has no interest in embracing any evidence for evolution.

Spetner is also a signatory to [[A Scientific Dissent from Darwinism]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{crebox|1}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spetner, Lee}}
__NOTOC__
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Jews]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Physicists]]

Categories: Authors, Jews, Living people, Physicists
Lenski

{{fork}}

*[[Richard Lenski]] and [[Richard Lenski#Lenski's long-term E. Coli evolution experiment and intelligent design|his lab results]]
*[[Lenski affair]]
*[[Analysis of the Lenski Paper]]
*[[Conservapedia:Schlafly's alleged Flaws in Lenski's Study|Andrew Schlafly's alleged Flaws in Lenski's Study]] (Side by side)
*[[:Category:Lenski affair|Lenski affair category]]
Leprechaun

{{folklore}}
[[File:Leprechaun ill artlibre jnl.png|left|thumb|150px||[[Tobacco smoking|Smoking]] stunts your growth, bee jayzus.]]
'''Leprechauns''' are mythical creatures said to live on the island of [[Ireland]]. Notable characteristics include their greed, love of trickery, short stature, and their modern incarnation's near total disconnection with Irish folklore. Capturing one is notoriously difficult, although [[rainbows]] reveal the locations of their treasure hoards. Their name comes from the Irish word for "shoemaker," as they were in many early representations shown fixing a pair of shoes. A "clurichaun" is a continually drunk leprechaun.

Along with [[unicorn]]s, [[dragon]]s, and [[Chupacabra]], they are often used as a metaphor for a personal [[God]] in arguments against [[theism]].

A leprechaun was supposedly spotted in a trailer park near Mobile, [[Alabama]].<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nda_OSWeyn8</ref> Another is notorious for stealing children's breakfasts<ref>http://ferrebeekeeper.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/lucky_the_leprechaun.jpg</ref> and yet another for representing the [[Boston]] Celtics.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130312083652/http://boston.sportsthenandnow.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/Celtics-96-present-270x300.jpg</ref> One is known for appearing in awful horror movies;<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107387 ''Leprechaun'' on the Internet Movie Database]</ref> others are known to work for the reconnaissance division of the Lower Elements Police, and in doing so make the world's worst pun.<ref>http://artemisfowl.wikia.com/wiki/LEPRecon</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}


{{stub|mythology}}
[[Category:Folklore]]
[[Category:Ireland]]

Categories: Folklore, Ireland
Lepton

{{Physics}}
A '''lepton''' is one type of the fundamental building blocks of [[matter]].

As far as early 21<sup>st</sup> century scientists know, leptons, together with [[quark]]s, are truly fundamental and cannot be broken down further. Basically leptons are [[electron]]s, [[muon]]s and [[tau particle]]s, along with their complementary antiparticles and [[neutrino]]s. Leptons are much lighter than [[baryon]]s ([[proton]]s, [[neutron]]s and associated antiparticles). Leptons are [[fermion]]s and have a [[Quantum mechanics|quantum]] spin of ½, and each has neutrinos associated with it. Leptons appear point-like without internal structure.

==Flavour==
They've got exciting flavours, though we can't actually taste them. They'd probably be tasty though. [[Scientist]]s know different leptons have different properties and for want of a better word they call them flavours<ref>[http://www.particleadventure.org/leptons.html The Particle Adventure]</ref><ref>[http://www.physics.ox.ac.uk/documents/PUS/dis/fundam.htm Quarks and Leptons]</ref><ref>[http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-lepton.htm What is a Lepton?]</ref> (with a suplerfluous "u" to make them sound fancier).

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Generation !! negatively charged lepton !! positively charged lepton !! neutrino !! antineutrino
|-
| 1 || electron, e<sup>-</sup>, &beta;<sup>-</sup> || positron, e<sup>+</sup>, &beta;<sup>+</sup> || electron neutrino || positron neutrino
|-
| 2 || muon, &mu;<sup>-</sup> || antimuon, &mu;<sup>+</sup> || muon neutrino || antimuon neutrino
|-
| 3 || tau, &tau;<sup>-</sup> || antitau, &tau;<sup>+</sup> || tau neutrino || antitau neutrino
|}

==Fun with muons!==
===Cold fusion===
{{main|Cold fusion}}
Muons are sometimes put forth as a way of performing cold fusion; they can indeed effectively catalyze fusion by displacing an electron in a [[molecule]] of H<sub>2</sub> and sucking the nuclei close enough together to fuse. Unfortunately, they have a half-life of only about 2.2 microseconds, and additionally have some chance of "sticking" to the reaction products instead of continuing to catalyze more fusion. The total energy yield from the number of reactions a single muon could catalyze is lower than the energy needed to create a muon by presently known methods, and so muon-catalyzed fusion isn't actually useful.

===Magnetic moment===
The muon is known to have a magnetic moment differing slightly from that predicted by the {{wpl|Dirac equation}} due to various quantum effects. Measuring just ''how'' different can serve as a useful test for various theories; for example, the Standard Model's prediction is about 3.4σ off the observed value,<ref>http://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0611102v3.pdf</ref> suggesting that something beyond the Standard Model is going on… probably.

==See also==
*[[Subatomic particle]]
*[[Higgs boson]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Fundamental particles]]

Categories: Physics, Fundamental particles
Liars for Jesus

{{Books}}{{title-italics}}
{{hatnote|This article is about the book. For the action performed by the people mentioned in its title, see [[pious fraud]].}}
'''''Liars for Jesus''''' ({{Isbn|9781419644382}}) is a 2006 book by Chris Rodda, a researcher with the [[Military Religious Freedom Foundation]], rebutting many of the distortions of history used to bolster the  "Christianisation" of [[United States|America]].

Starting with the non-existent importing of 20,000 [[Bible]]s by Congress at some time after 1777, the book debunks many of the myths on which the fundamentalist evangelists base their case(s). Rodda has recently made the whole book available as a free download in order to fight the myths peddled by [[Theocracy|theocrats]] like [[David Barton]].<ref>Dispatches from the Culture Wars: [http://scienceblogs.com/dispatches/2011/05/do_well_by_doing_good.php Do Well by Doing Good]</ref>

==See also==
*[[WallBuilders]], the source of much of the bunk Chris Rodda refutes
*[[The United States as a Christian nation]]
*[[Lying for Jesus]]

==External links==
*[http://freethoughtblogs.com/rodda/ ''This Week in Christian Nationalism''] - Rodda's blog
*[https://www.physics.smu.edu/pseudo/LiarsForJesus.pdf ''Liars for Jesus''] - PDF download
*Liars for Jesus (2006, Booksurge) [[Special:Booksources/‎978-1419644382|ISBN ‎978-1419644382]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111011220226/http://www.liarsforjesus.com/ Liars for Jesus] official site (archived)
*[http://www.youtube.com/user/ChrisRodda2 Rodda's Youtube channel]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Books]]
[[Category:Deceit]]
[[Category:Christianity]]

{{stub|literature}}

Categories: Books, Deceit, Christianity
Liberal Democratic Party

{{fork}}
* '''[[Liberal Democrats]]''' — British centre to centre-left (social) liberal political party.
* '''[[Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)|Liberal Democratic Party]]''' — It may be misunderstood because of its name, but it is a conservative and nationalist right-wing party in Japan, similar to the [[Republican Party]] in the United States.
* '''[[Liberal Democratic Party of Russia]]''' — Russia's far-right nationalist party. In the early days of its foundation, there were some centre-right conservative liberals, but now it is completely dominated by anti-liberal ultra-nationalists.
* '''[[Free Democratic Party]]''' — German centre to centre-right (classical) liberal party. It is sometimes referred to as a "Liberal Democratic Party".
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

[[File:Tamil Tiger flag.png|thumb|Flag of the Tigers]]
{{war}}
The '''Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam''' (LTTE), commonly the '''Tamil Tigers''', a Sri Lankan separatist [[guerrilla war|guerrilla]] movement, advocated the formation of a separate state for the Tamil minority of Sri Lanka. Velupillai Prabhakaran headed the Tigers from the early 1970s until the Sri Lankan army killed and beheaded him in 2009, two days after the Tigers had conceded defeat. The LTTE were involved in the assassination of the former [[India]]n prime minister Rajiv Gandhi and in that of Sri Lankan president Ranasinghe Premadasa.

The LTTE provides a rare example of a secular group that has used [[suicide bombing]] as a tactic.<ref group=note>In fact, many consider them the pioneers of suicide bombing.</ref> Religious [[apologists]] have cited the LTTE (along with [[Japan| Imperial Japan]]) as cases in the  argument against the claim that suicide bombings are religiously motivated. Although/because the LTTE was a secular organisation, its members were free to hold whatever beliefs they saw fit.

The LTTE was also an equal-opportunities employer, with women engaging in active military service, including the aforementioned suicide attacks. The Tigers were arguably the most innovative [[extremist]] group, having pioneered many techniques such as suicide bombings. In 2009 the LTTE conceded military defeat, ending more than 25 years of civil war;<ref>
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8055138.stm
</ref>
at their peak they had controlled most of northeastern Sri Lanka.

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
{{reflist|1|80%}}

{{stub|war}}
[[Category:Organizations]]
[[Category:Terrorist organisations]]
[[Category:Nationalism]]

Categories: Organizations, Terrorist organisations, Nationalism
Life (moral value)

{{sources needed}}{{philosophy}}
'''Life''', or the preservation of it, is often thought to be the single moral principle by which actions should be measured. Arguably, there are values which supersede life: safety, the quality of life, justice, etc.

For example, to what extent life should be valued is measured by quality. It is fairly reasonable to say that one cannot have safety without life, but it is ''more'' reasonable to say that safety increases the value of life. In other words, what is the quality of life without safety? Another way to ask this would be: "''Don't soldiers sacrifice their life for the safety of others?''" This, of course, suggests that safety is more important than life. The moral value of life is also a paradox in some situations, because sometimes it takes the sacrifice of life to preserve life.

Popular ideologies that may place a heavy emphasis on life are [[vegetarianism]], [[veganism]], [[pacifism]], and [[anti-abortion]] activism.

The [[Terri Schiavo]] situation also highlighted the issues involved in evaluating the viability and presence of human life.

==See also==
* [[Life]]
* [[Morality]]

[[Category:Philosophy]]
{{stub|philosophy}}

Categories: Philosophy