Sexual dimorphism

Categories: Aesthetics, Theories, Lookism, Science

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'''Sexual dimorphism''', aka '''severe gonochorism''', refers to different appearance and behavior between the sexes within a species.  A species with high sexual dimorphism has very noticeable difference between e.g. [[Men|males]] and [[Femoid|females]].  For example, the irish elk had such high sexual dimorphism that it was maladaptive, possibly being a major contributing factor in the extinction of the species.

==Arguments on sexual dimorphism==
[[Otto Weininger]] argued that in humans, the less sexually dimorphic the genders, the less of a problem [[feminism|female sexual liberation]] becomes.  Whereas, if there is high sexual dimorphism in humans, [[feminism|female sexual liberation]] leads to agitation, domestic abuse against husbands, and [[IM LIEK SUCH A NERD LOL|corruption of the arts and science by feminine women only expressing vanity and seeking male attention]].

The famous [[MRA]] [[Warren Farrell]] argued that in humans sexual dimorphism could lead to a [[fisherian runaway]] and extinction of the species if females continue to select for, "killer-hunter", type men with the advent of nuclear technology, though some think this is hysterical and overblown.

== Causes of sexual dimorphism ==

Since males and females are mostly subject to the same survival selection, one would expect them to be very similar. Any dissimilarity must hence have a different origin than survival selection. One diver of sexual dimorphism may be [[sexual selection]] as proposed by Darwin (1858, 1871), i.e. that mate preferences evolved that shaped the phenotype for each sex differently often merely resulting in ornament rather than in functional changes. Sexual selection can result in [[runaway selection]] which can exaggerate the ornament and the mate preferences for it.

Another driver may be differential [[Bateman's principle|parental investment]], i.e. that each sex has different sexual investment in the offspring and thus different mate preferences (e.g. women for a providing male) and is subject to different survival selection (e.g. pregnant women dying of different diseases and at higher rate than men).<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41391479_Strategies_of_Human_Mating</ref> This mainly explains the dimophism in that women are choosy and men compete.

Sexual dimorphism and dimorphic mate preferences result in different kind of [[intrasexual competition]] for each sex, e.g. men competing with resources and physical power, and women competing merely in looks and with more gossip rather than physical power. Intrasexual competition, in turn can increase sexual dimorphism, e.g. by males evolving to be stronger and taller to achieve high status.
<!--==Sexual dimorphism, race, and life history speed==

[[Sexual dimorphism]] exists in all races, but it is highest in Europeans, Native Northern Canadians, Native Greenlanders, and Native Alaskans and lowest in Africans, South-east Asians, Indians, and Middle Easterns.{{citation needed}}
Men native to more cold and harsher environments are more masculine looking. Conversely, women native to more tropical and fruitful climates are more masculine looking.{{citation needed}}
Low sexual dimorphism is thought to be caused by a ''live fast/die young'' ecology (fast [[life history]], r-selection, easy but unpredictable environment, far from maximal carrying capacity, favors non-cooperation within species),<ref>http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/Papers/r-KselectionQOL.pdf</ref> favoring less committing men with a quicker succession of sexual partners and hence women with masculine abilities such as [[Momad syndrome|physical strength for protecting the offspring]].{{citation needed}}
High dimorphism, in contrast, comes from a ''live slow/die old'' ecology (slow [[life history]], K-selection, harsh but predictable environment, close to maximal carrying capacity, favours cooperation within species, more time for specialization, more ecological niches), favoring men who spend their teen years acquiring resources instead of reproducing, to take on one wife only in their twenties, thus the woman is always being [[Monogamy|provided for]] allowing them to specialize on childcare and extracting resources from men.<ref>http://philipperushton.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/iq-race-r-k-theory-sex-silverman-rushton-ethology-sociobiology-3-1990.pdf</ref>

For unknown reasons, Asian males are less masculine-looking than Caucasian men.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Black_men_and_women_appear_.27more_masculine.27_than_whites.3B_Asian_men_appear_.27less_masculine.27</ref>
This may in part explain the effectiveness of [[SEAmaxxing]], as Caucasians heightmog and beardmog the relatively feminine looking Asian males. Another explanation for the effectiveness of SEAmaxxing is [[hypergamy]] with SEA females associating Caucasians with high socioeconomic standing.-->

== Dimorphic mate preferences ==

The most sexually dimorphic preference is for age with men of any age preferring young fertile, [[neoteny|neotenous]] women while women prefer men of their own age or older.<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#tocAge</ref>

Even though muscular bodies are nearly universally attractive to women,<ref>https://incels.wiki/w/Scientific_Blackpill#Rated_strength_is_the_main_predictor_of_men.27s_bodily_attractiveness._No_women_prefer_weak_men</ref>
women do not care much about ''facial masculinity''.<ref>https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0225549</ref>
Humans are substantially [[wikipedia:Self-domestication|self-domesticated]] and therefore [[neoteny|neotenous]] (meaning they retain youthful features) such that some facial neoteny is also attractive in men.

== References ==

<references />

== See also ==
*[[Facial Aesthetics: Concepts and Clinical Diagnosis]]
*[[Facial masculinity]]
*[[Estrogen Levels]]
*[[FWHR]]
*[[Height]]
*[[The Myth of Male Power]]
*[[Chad]]
*[[Stacy]]
*[[:Category:Aesthetics|List of aesthetics]]

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