torre126/tornado-structure-data huggingface dataset:
Episode narrative: As a low pressure system moved through the Upper Midwest region, its cold front which stretched to the south through the Lower Mississippi River Valley became the focus for thunderstorm development on the afternoon of December 9th. Initially discrete supercell storms produced wind damage and hail as they moved into northern Mississippi, and these supercells eventually grew upscale into a squall line of nearly continuous storms as the cold front pushed farther southeast into Mississippi. A few severe storms developed in advance of the cold front during the afternoon and early evening and also produced wind damage and hail.

Tornado event in JASPER County, MISSISSIPPI
Start: 09-DEC-23 22:04:00
End: 09-DEC-23 22:33:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 20.00K
Event narrative: An EF-1 tornado developed in northwest Jasper County and moved east-southeast. Scattered small pine trees were snapped, and some small trees were uprooted. A few hardwood trees were also uprooted. The tornado also took the tops out of a few trees and snapped large limbs. Much of the path was inaccessible as it passed through areas without any connecting roads. The tornado continued into Clarke County and ended near Enterprise where additional trees and power lines were blown down. Estimated maximum wind speeds in Jasper County were 90 mph. The tornado path was 27.4 miles across the two counties.
Episode narrative: A cool season severe weather setup of low instability and high wind shear brought a few reports of severe weather to portions of the tri-state region.  A couple of tornadoes occurred in Holmes county, FL, and Henry county, AL.

Tornado event in HENRY County, ALABAMA
Start: 10-DEC-23 01:22:00
End: 10-DEC-23 01:37:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 50.00K
Event narrative: This is a continuation of the EF0 tornado from Barbour County.  The tornado began in rural southwestern Barbour County just west of Lury Walker Road, with a single tree uprooted along the road bank and a few branches off the trees. The entire tornado track mainly consisted of sporadic very minor tree damage, yet the path remained discernible and consistent with the associated Tornado Debris Signature (TDS) noted on doppler radar. The tornado crossed Alabama Highway 10 and entered Henry County just north of and parallel to County Rd (CR) 54, before crossing CR 54 just before CR 216. The tornado reached its maximum width of approximately 200 yards wide as well as its maximum intensity, with relatively more widespread tree damage, as well as superficial damage to several manufactured homes. The tornado continued northeastward through forested land before crossing CR 75 and CR 235. It continued across the East Fork of the Choctawhatchee River before crossing CR 29. As the tornado crossed CR 235, it struck a chicken farm, where it caused primarily narrow and minor damage to 6 chicken barns. The tornado continued to the northeast and dissipated before crossing CR 54 yet another time. Max winds were estimated around 75 mph.  Damage was estimated.
Episode narrative: A major tornado outbreak impacted Middle Tennessee during the afternoon and evening hours of December 9, 2023. With a surface low pressure system situated over the Great Lakes area, a cold front was oriented north-to-south from the Great Lakes southward into the southeastern United States. Ahead of this cold front, southerly flow advected plenty of moisture into Middle Tennessee as the atmosphere destabilized. Meanwhile, a potent low-level jet resulted in an abundant amount of wind shear. This helped to set the stage for organized thunderstorms with a tornado threat. Thunderstorms began to cross the Tennessee River into the mid-state during the early afternoon hours. The first tornado of the day touched down in Indian Mound in Stewart County. That same supercell spawned another, more significant, tornado in Montgomery County that impacted Clarksville. This was the strongest tornado of the event, causing EF-3 damage before it continued its path into Kentucky. In total, six tornadoes were confirmed from this event, including another long-track EF-2 tornado that impacted Davidson, Sumner, and Trousdale counties which was warned with a Tornado Emergency. Unfortunately, seven people were killed during this event.

Tornado event in DICKSON County, TENNESSEE
Start: 09-DEC-23 15:29:00
End: 09-DEC-23 15:39:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 2.00M
Event narrative: This EF-2 tornado touched down southwest of the intersection of Woods Valley Road and Bone Road, then moved east-northeast where it snapped a few pine trees and caused roof damage to a home. Continuing east-northeast, the tornado damaged a mobile home and outbuilding on Gamble Hollow Road. The tornado intensified to EF-2 as it crossed Highway 48, causing the most significant damage along its path as it completely removed the top level of a home, leaving only the lower exterior walls in place. Winds were estimated at 125 mph in this area. The tornado maintained its strength as it continued toward Freeman Loop, striking an A-frame house and ripping off the top half of the home. As it continued eastward, the tornado did substantial damage to another mobile home and snapped and uprooted dozens of trees along Freeman Loop before finally lifting after crossing Barton's Creek.
Episode narrative: Severe thunderstorms produced large hail across parts of Elbert and Lincoln counties, along with one brief tornado.  The hail ranged from quarter to around tennis ball size.  Some of the roadways were completely covered by several inches of hail accumulation.  The tornado touched down in an open field with no damage observed. Localized flash flooding was observed near Boyero.

Tornado event in LINCOLN County, COLORADO
Start: 16-JUN-23 15:29:00
End: 16-JUN-23 15:30:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A tornado touched down briefly in open country.  No damage was observed.
Episode narrative: Exceptionally severe weather continues over southern Colorado with the continued deluge of moist air coming from the Pacific and remnant moisture from previous moisture from widespread heavy rainfall. The most notable weather feature was an EF3 tornado that hit a farm located in Prowers County. This was only the 3rd EF3 tornado recorded since NWS modernization in 1995.

Tornado event in EL PASO County, COLORADO
Start: 22-JUN-23 19:08:00
End: 22-JUN-23 19:10:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A brief cone tornado formed for around 2 minutes. The tornado did hit a small fall located in northeastern El Paso County. Picture reveal minimal damage on weak structures. WCM called the farm to discuss damage with them and performed a virtual damage survey revealing EF0 damage.
Episode narrative: A strong, occluding storm system over the Upper Midwest produced a deep column of strong southwesterly winds over the Midwest on the afternoon and evening of the 31st. This pattern generated an inordinate amount of vertical wind shear.  The overall southwesterly flow also brought rather mild and somewhat humid air into the region, which was adequately unstable given noticeably colder air aloft, especially over the southwestern quadrant of Indiana.

Resulting thunderstorms were able to mix down the stronger winds to the surface as damaging straight line gusts, while a rather low freezing level promoted isolated large hail.  Ten tornadoes occurred across the region:  5 from a rotating supercell thunderstorm that tracked roughly parallel to and about 20 miles south of Interstate 70, and 5 others spawned from a squall line's northern book-end vortex that impacted north-central central Indiana.  The supercell's first two tornadoes (both EF3) caused a combined 5 fatalities...before the supercell spawned two more strong tornadoes (EF2/EF3), with the cell's final EF3 inflicting major damage on a warehouse in Whiteland (Johnson Co.).  The (northern) squall line's first tornado was an EF2 that impacted mostly rural areas...while the squall line's four following tornadoes were all weak (EF0/EF1), with the final three spawned over Howard County, concluding with a longer tracking EF1 that injured one person.

Tornado event in MONROE County, INDIANA
Start: 31-MAR-23 22:03:00
End: 31-MAR-23 22:09:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 1066.00K
Event narrative: Continuation from Owen County of the rotating supercell thunderstorm's second EF3.  The tornado reached peak intensity while crossing the Owen-Monroe County line, where the strongest winds in Monroe County were 152 mph along West Wolf Mountain Road.  Here, 0.2 to 0.3 miles east of North County Line Road, the tornado destroyed both a mobile home and single story homes with little anchoring on cinder blocks, among many damaged and debarked trees.  Back closer to North County Line Road, and slightly farther north of the center of the tornado's path, winds had separated a trailer home from its attached structure and garage, allowing the home to roll and flatten.  Farther east along West Wolf Mountain Road, EF2-intensity damage was observed 0.50 to 0.75 miles east of the county line, with areas where nearly all trees were uprooted or snapped, and several single-family homes lost large sections of roofing; a few debarked trees were observed, but with less frequency than seen closer to the county line.

The tornado continued for another 2.7 miles while gradually weakening through EF2 and EF1 intensities.  At North Texas Ridge Road hardwood trees were snapped off while a few homes lost small portions of roofing.  At the intersection of West Brighton Road and North Fulton Road a narrower corridor of smaller trees were snapped or uprooted, including one tree downed onto a house;  the tornado track ended about 250 feet northeast of this intersection.
Episode narrative: On Thursday, June 29, a powerful severe wind event moved over the region. This event was known as a derecho given its long duration from north of Kansas City to southern Indiana and its consistent strong intensity. Almost all of the damage in the area surveyed locally was due to straight-line winds, at times easily peaking between 100-120 mph in far western Illinois. Those who experienced the event conveyed how the strongest winds persisted for 10 to 15 minutes, and in some locations, it lasted as long as 20 minutes, which is atypical for derecho events.

There were some swaths of enhanced damage. These were largely due to intense wind surges in the local area. One of these in Clark county, Mo was determined to be a short-lived EF1 tornado.

Tornado event in CLARK County, MISSOURI
Start: 29-JUN-23 09:10:00
End: 29-JUN-23 09:13:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A NWS storm survey determined an EF1 tornado, with peak winds near 90 mph, tracked for 2.4 miles from southwest of Medill to just west of Kahoka. Damage to an outbuilding occurred, along with convergent damage to numerous large trees.
Episode narrative: A strong, occluding storm system over the Upper Midwest produced a deep column of strong southwesterly winds over the Midwest on the afternoon and evening of the 31st. This pattern generated an inordinate amount of vertical wind shear.  The overall southwesterly flow also brought rather mild and somewhat humid air into the region, which was adequately unstable given noticeably colder air aloft, especially over the southwestern quadrant of Indiana.

Resulting thunderstorms were able to mix down the stronger winds to the surface as damaging straight line gusts, while a rather low freezing level promoted isolated large hail.  Ten tornadoes occurred across the region:  5 from a rotating supercell thunderstorm that tracked roughly parallel to and about 20 miles south of Interstate 70, and 5 others spawned from a squall line's northern book-end vortex that impacted north-central central Indiana.  The supercell's first two tornadoes (both EF3) caused a combined 5 fatalities...before the supercell spawned two more strong tornadoes (EF2/EF3), with the cell's final EF3 inflicting major damage on a warehouse in Whiteland (Johnson Co.).  The (northern) squall line's first tornado was an EF2 that impacted mostly rural areas...while the squall line's four following tornadoes were all weak (EF0/EF1), with the final three spawned over Howard County, concluding with a longer tracking EF1 that injured one person.

Tornado event in MORGAN County, INDIANA
Start: 31-MAR-23 22:12:00
End: 31-MAR-23 22:22:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 7.52M
Event narrative: The rotating supercell thunderstorm's third tornado was a strong EF2 that passed immediately south of the city of Martinsville, while the supercell's non-tornadic damaging winds impacted the center of Martinsville.  Numerous homes were observed with considerable roof damage in a subdivision near Indiana Highway 37, while an (empty) grain bin was lofted and displaced.  The top of a concrete grain bin was torn off.  The tornado continued to the east-northeast, causing sporadic tree damage through the next structure along Rolling Hills Drive.  The tornado's strongest (120-130 mph) winds occurred at the end of its path, where one pontoon boat was lofted from the west side of of a lake and carried (about 800 feet) to the lake's far east-northeast point at Paris Drive.  Another pontoon boat was lofted and carried about one-quarter mile and over a nearby home before final resting at another house.
Episode narrative: During the afternoon hours, a strong supercell developed over Logan and Washington Counties. As the storm moved southeast near the community of Hyde, Colorado, it produced a EF-3 tornado that continued into Yuma County. The tornado reached it's peak intensity while just southwest of the city of Yuma with significant damage to a residence and two metal buildings. The supercell continued to move south then southeast across Yuma County to produce a total of seven tornadoes, with one EF-2 tornado moving into far north Kit Carson County. The other tornadoes were ranked EF-U with another north of Abarr ranked an EF-0. The storm also produced thunderstorm wind gusts up to 100 mph with damage to trees and power poles. Large hail was another hazard produced with 1 to 5.25 inch hail reported across Yuma County. The 5.25 inch hailstone fell near Kirk, Colorado, and set a new hail size record for the state of Colorado.  After crossing into Kit Carson County the thunderstorm turned east, producing more severe weather in Sherman County Kansas.

Tornado event in YUMA County, COLORADO
Start: 08-AUG-23 16:30:00
End: 08-AUG-23 16:46:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: A multivortex tornado was observed moving between County Roads 34 and 29 across open land. No damage was reported.

Tornado event in YUMA County, COLORADO
Start: 08-AUG-23 17:04:00
End: 08-AUG-23 17:08:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: Chasers observed a tornado in the location with damage to corn crop circles found via Sentinel 2 imagery.
Episode narrative: An upper-level shortwave trough moving east through the Central Plains initiated a few clusters of thunderstorms that spread into Mississippi during the morning of June 18th. With an unstable air mass and strong jet stream over the region, these storms became severe and produced hail and damaging wind through the morning. An additional round of severe storms developed during the evening of the 18th and into the morning of the 19th. This even resulted in a rare June tornado outbreak. The previous record for number of June tornadoes in the state of Mississippi was 7 in 1974. A total of 15 tornadoes occurred across the state from June 18-19, 2023 - making this event a record in its own right. The tornado which occurred near Louin, MS was the first F3 or EF-3 rated tornado in the state since 1957.

Tornado event in RANKIN County, MISSISSIPPI
Start: 18-JUN-23 20:25:00
End: 18-JUN-23 20:29:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 5.00K
Event narrative: An EF- tornado began along Gray Road in the Cross Roads community of Rankin County where it uprooted trees. It moved east across Rankin-Ferguson Rd. and into southwestern Scott County where it continued to produce minor tree damage along Cooperville Rd. The tornado then made a northeastward turn as the circulation occluded began to produce EF-1 rated tree damage as it crossed Stuart Rd. and S. Water Tank Rd. The tornado lifted near the intersection of MS Highway 13 and Cooperville Rd. Estimated maximum winds in Rankin County were 85 mph. The total path length across both counties was 5.77 miles.

Tornado event in SMITH County, MISSISSIPPI
Start: 18-JUN-23 21:59:00
End: 18-JUN-23 22:12:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 25.00K
Event narrative: A second EF-1 developed a few minutes after the previous tornado in this area. This one touched down along MS Highway 501 where a few tree limbs were blown down. It intensified and damaged more trees as it crossed Sang Bender Road and Smith County Road 529 and turned northward. The tornado dissipated at Smith County Road 504. Estimated maximum wind speeds were 90 mph.
Episode narrative: A strong low-pressure system which had been slowly moving east off the Rocky Mountains finally progressed into central Nebraska. This left eastern Nebraska in the warm sector as a warm front moved north into the area. The SPC issued an Enhanced Risk for severe weather with a 30% hatched for severe hail. There ended up being 19 confirmed tornadoes (3 EF2, 8 EF1, 4 EF0, 4 EFU). There were numerous hail reports the largest of which was 4.5 inches in Pawnee County. Another 4-inch report was received in Richardson County. Flash flooding was also observed in a few locations.

Tornado event in PLATTE County, NEBRASKA
Start: 12-MAY-23 14:55:00
End: 12-MAY-23 14:55:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: Storm chasers in the area confirmed that EF-U tornado touched down near the location.
Episode narrative: During the afternoon hours, a strong supercell developed over Logan and Washington Counties. As the storm moved southeast near the community of Hyde, Colorado, it produced a EF-3 tornado that continued into Yuma County. The tornado reached it's peak intensity while just southwest of the city of Yuma with significant damage to a residence and two metal buildings. The supercell continued to move south then southeast across Yuma County to produce a total of seven tornadoes, with one EF-2 tornado moving into far north Kit Carson County. The other tornadoes were ranked EF-U with another north of Abarr ranked an EF-0. The storm also produced thunderstorm wind gusts up to 100 mph with damage to trees and power poles. Large hail was another hazard produced with 1 to 5.25 inch hail reported across Yuma County. The 5.25 inch hailstone fell near Kirk, Colorado, and set a new hail size record for the state of Colorado.  After crossing into Kit Carson County the thunderstorm turned east, producing more severe weather in Sherman County Kansas.

Tornado event in YUMA County, COLORADO
Start: 08-AUG-23 17:19:00
End: 08-AUG-23 17:22:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: Multiple storm chasers reported a brief rope tornado over an open field. No damage was observed.
Episode narrative: During the afternoon hours, a strong supercell developed over Northeast Colorado that moved into Northwest Kansas, specifically Sherman County, during the evening hours. This long-track supercell produced quarter to half dollar sized hail near the town of Kanorado as well as an EF-U tornado south of the town that mainly moved over crop land.

Tornado event in SHERMAN County, KANSAS
Start: 08-AUG-23 20:17:00
End: 08-AUG-23 20:24:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: A long-track supercell produced a EF-U tornado southeast of Kanorado. Only damage observed was some swirl marks in the plants and grass found at an abandoned property.
Episode narrative: A regional tornado outbreak occurred during the late afternoon of Friday, March 31, 2023, and continued into the early morning hours of Saturday, April 1, 2023. This outbreak covered portions of the Ohio Valley, and the Middle and Lower Mississippi Valleys, including a good portion of the Mid-South and stretching into the Tennessee Valley. On Friday, March 31, a surface low was located near La Crosse, WI, with a cold front stretching south into central/southwest Missouri, western Arkansas, and into eastern Texas. Surface temperatures were mainly in the 70s to approaching 80 degrees with surface dewpoints in the lower to middle 60s, yielding Surface-Based CAPE (SBCAPE) values between 1500-2000 J/kg by Friday evening. Favorable upper-level divergence produced by the right entrance region of a 140-kt jet streak at 300 mb provided ample lift to produce strong to severe thunderstorms across the region. Directional and speed shear were impressive with 70-80 knots of Effective Bulk Shear present and 0-1 km Storm Relative Helicity values between 500-600 m2/s2, all more than enough for organized thunderstorms across the area. Discrete supercells started to develop across the Lower Mississippi Valley during the afternoon hours on March 31, 2023, eventually tracking into the Mid-South by late afternoon. The first supercell that developed in the Mid-South produced an EF-3 that caused major damage in Wynne, Arkansas. Tornadic supercells continued to produce significant tornado damage across the Mid-South into the early morning hours of April 1, 2023. The hardest hit areas besides Wynne, Arkansas included Covington, Tennessee, and McNairy County, Tennessee. Overall, 14 tornadoes occurred across the Mid-South along with several reports of wind damage and measured damaging wind speeds. Eighteen people in the Mid-South lost their lives in this outbreak.

Tornado event in BENTON County, TENNESSEE
Start: 31-MAR-23 21:29:00
End: 31-MAR-23 21:30:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 15.00K
Event narrative: A tornado briefly touched down along an elevated area and led to the collapse of walls and the removal of much of the roof of a metal outbuilding along Sawmill Rd. The tornado also damaged branches on a couple of trees near the outbuilding, lifted briefly, and then downed more limbs along Cedar Grove Church Road. While the damage path was short-lived in duration, it was determined to be tornadic based on the convergent damage pattern and vertical lift of roof panels into trees behind the outbuilding. A special goes out to Benton County Emergency Management for their assistance in locating damage during the survey. Peak winds were estimated at 85 mph.
Episode narrative: On the afternoon of the 17th, isolated supercell thunderstorms developed across the Rolling Plains, east of a dryline. These storms were aided by a short wave trough moving through northeastern New Mexico but much of the local area in West Texas remained capped leading to only isolated development. Very strong instability led to hail up to golf ball size in Kent County. This same supercell thunderstorm went on to produce a tornado in far southern Stonewall County over open ranch land.

Tornado event in STONEWALL County, TEXAS
Start: 17-JUN-23 17:18:00
End: 17-JUN-23 17:49:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: Numerous storm chasers reported a tornado in far southern Stonewall County over open ranch land. No known damage occurred.