torre126/tornado-structure-data huggingface dataset:
Episode narrative: A potent upper-level trough progressed from the Four-Corners Region into the Texas Panhandle by late in the afternoon on March 1st and through March 2nd. Strong warm and moist air advection was ongoing in advance of the trough preceding the event. This resulted in scattered convection, but this had little effect on increasing instability through the afternoon as temperatures warmed into the mid and upper 70s to lower and mid 80s. This environment produced an isolated strong thunderstorm that produced nickel size hail just south of Haworth on the 1st. A potent upper-level trough progressed from the Four-Corners Region into the Texas Panhandle by late in the afternoon on March 2nd. Strong warm and moist air advection was ongoing in advance of the trough earlier in the morning. This resulted in scattered convection, but this had little effect on increasing instability through the afternoon as temperatures warmed into the mid and upper 70s to lower and mid 80s. Additionally, backing surface winds also promoted increasing low-level shear as well as deep-layer shear with a 50-60 knot low-level jet surging east ahead of the trough and advancing cold front. This environment was supportive of several supercells that developed by late afternoon into the early evening hours, producing an isolated tornado in addition to large hail and damaging wind gusts Across McCurtain County Oklahoma. As the cold front surged east of I-35 by early in the evening, the storm mode eventually became more linear with an increasing threat of more widespread damaging winds along the complex of storms while the threat of large hail also continued through the end of the event.

Tornado event in MCCURTAIN County, OKLAHOMA
Start: 02-MAR-23 21:05:00
End: 02-MAR-23 21:11:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 10.00K
Event narrative: An EF1 tornado embedded within a quasi-linear convective system, or squall line, began west of Broken Bow along Poppy Road and proceeded to advance nearly 5 miles northwest and then north of the city before lifting as it crossed Highway 259. Most the damage was in the form of uprooted trees lying to the north or northeast, but some trees were lying to the northwest. This fact, in combination with signs of convergence in the damage pattern, was enough to give confidence in categorizing this as a tornado. The highest winds estimated in the 90 to 100 mph range, and the maximum width of nearly 400 yards, was in the vicinity of where the tornado crossed Highway 3. A few structures were damaged in this tornado, but mainly due to falling trees.
Episode narrative: Two rounds of strong to severe thunderstorms spawned 13 tornadoes across central Illinois during the afternoon and evening of March 31st...including an EF-3 tornado that killed 3 people in Robinson in Crawford County.  The first round of convection developed along a warm front lifting northeastward through the area during the afternoon.  These storms were primarily very large hail-producers, with up to baseball-sized (2.75 diameter) hail being reported in the town of Banner in Fulton County.  Once the warm front lifted into northern Illinois, a modestly unstable but highly sheared environment was in place during the late afternoon and evening...with CAPE values of 1500-2500J/kg and 0-6km bulk shear in excess of 70kt.  As a trailing cold front approached from the west, additional supercell thunderstorms developed that produced tornadoes, very large hail, and damaging wind gusts.  The cells eventually congealed into a broken line as they pushed eastward to the I-57 corridor by mid-evening.  Meanwhile, a discrete supercell ahead of the line tracked south of I-70, dropping the EF-3 tornado in Crawford County.

Tornado event in LOGAN County, ILLINOIS
Start: 31-MAR-23 17:32:00
End: 31-MAR-23 17:46:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: This tornado crossed into southern Logan County from Sangamon County at 6:32pm CDT.  It continued northeastward across mainly open fields damaging farm outbuildings and causing shingle damage to several homes in the town of Latham before it dissipated on the south side of Latham at 6:46pm CDT.
Episode narrative: A high amplitude, negatively tilted trough moving across the Great Lakes and into New England along with cold and warm front provided strong forcing which resulted in flooding, wind damage, and 5 tornadoes. In the warm sector dewpoints surged into the mid 70s with PWATs near 2 inches which led to torrential downpours. Tornadoes occurred in Scotland, Ct, Scituate, RI, North Attleboro, MA, Stoughton, MA, and Weymouth, MA. The tornadoes ranged in intensity from EF-0 to EF-2.

Tornado event in NORFOLK County, MASSACHUSETTS
Start: 18-AUG-23 08:37:00
End: 18-AUG-23 08:39:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 3.00K
Event narrative: A tornado briefly touched down in Stoughton on Eighth Street and Corbett Street. Sporadic damage along a short path included fallen trees, one of which fell onto a shed. Part of a fence was blown in.
Episode narrative: A line of thunderstorms moved southeast across much of north central and east central Kansas during the day on May 9th.  There were numerous reports of large hail and sporadic wind damage reports along with a few wind gusts in excess of 70 mph.  Storm chasers also documented a small tornado near Miltonvale.  That storm went on to produce another mainly rain wrapped tornado with minor tree damage in southwest Clay County.

Tornado event in CLOUD County, KANSAS
Start: 09-MAY-23 11:56:00
End: 09-MAY-23 11:58:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: A storm chaser had photos of a small tornado that was on the ground for approximately 2 minutes just WSW of Miltonvale.  No damage was noted or reported.

Tornado event in CLAY County, KANSAS
Start: 09-MAY-23 12:24:00
End: 09-MAY-23 12:25:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A storm chaser reported seeing a brief tornado touch down in open field before losing sight of it due to rain.   No damage was reported in the vicinity of the sighting as it was in open pasture.  The track and time is estimated based on radar and chaser report.
Episode narrative: A closed low pressure system moved slowly across the northern Plains and spawned multiple tornadoes across north central Nebraska.

Tornado event in WHEELER County, NEBRASKA
Start: 12-MAY-23 14:25:00
End: 12-MAY-23 14:33:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: This tornado touched down in open country northwest of Ericson.  At this time, only tree damage was seen.  Video evidence from multiple storm chasers support the occurrence of this tornado as well.
Episode narrative: Two weak tornadoes developed across the Los Angeles county area. Both tornadoes occurred in near the communities of Carson and Compton. Both events were classified at EF-0 events from official storm surveys.

Tornado event in LOS ANGELES County, CALIFORNIA
Start: 04-MAY-23 07:56:00
End: 04-MAY-23 08:00:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A second weak tornado impacted the community of Compton. The short-lived, EF-0, tornado developed near the intersection of Greenleaf Boulevard and South Santa Fe Avenue and moved to the intersection of Orcutt Avenue and East 69th Street. One power line was downed as well as several tree branches. Additionally, minor roof damage was reported to a couple of homes.
Episode narrative: A warm front lifted northward off the Gulf Coast, causing rapid moisture transport to the Mid-South. In addition, an upper-level trough and associated cold front approached the area. This led to showers in the afternoon and then severe thunderstorms that continued through the overnight hours. Damaging wind, hail, tornadoes, and flash flooding were the result.

Tornado event in UNION County, MISSISSIPPI
Start: 03-JAN-23 09:07:00
End: 03-JAN-23 09:10:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 75.00K
Event narrative: A tornado touched down near Highway 30 in Union County and moved east-southeast along the highway. Damage mainly consisted of damage to hardwood and softwood trees that were either snapped or uprooted along and just north of Highway 30. The tornado's peak intensity is estimated at 95 mph based on the damage to the trees. As the tornado moved to the east-southeast, roof damage was observed to one residence and a church. The tornado dissipated to the east of the intersection of County Road 14 and Highway 30.
Episode narrative: Multiple lines and clusters of thunderstorms moved into upstate South Carolina during the late afternoon and evening ahead of a cold front. Multiple reports of wind damage were received across the Piedmont and foothills. Meanwhile, a weak tornado tracked across northern Laurens County into far southern Spartanburg County.

Tornado event in LAURENS County, SOUTH CAROLINA
Start: 03-MAR-23 19:14:00
End: 03-MAR-23 19:31:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 50.00K
Event narrative: NWS storm survey determined that a tornado touched down in northwest Laurens County, just west of Fairview Rd and traveled east/northeast toward Barnyard Rd. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted along this segment of the path, and a couple of large trees fell on and damaged a home on Barnyard Ct. The tornado continued E/NE, downing additional trees as it crossed Deck Rd and Greenpond Rd. The path became more intermittent at that point until it approached the town of Gray Court, where tree damage again became more concentrated. The tornado continued E/NE of Gray Court, mostly remaining to the south of, but roughly paralleling Highway 92 until crossing Highway 221. The tornado then crossed the Enoree River into Spartanburg County about 1.5 miles southeast of the town of Enoree. Dozens of large trees were snapped or uprooted in the area between Gray Court and the county line.
Episode narrative: A potent upper-level trough progressed from the Four-Corners Region into the Texas Panhandle by late in the afternoon on March 2nd. Strong warm and moist air advection was ongoing in advance of the trough earlier in the morning. This resulted in scattered convection, but this had little effect on increasing instability through the afternoon as temperatures warmed into the mid and upper 70s to lower and mid 80s. Additionally, backing surface winds also promoted increasing low-level shear as well as deep-layer shear with a 50-60 knot low-level jet surging east ahead of the trough and advancing cold front. This environment was supportive of several supercells that developed by late afternoon into the early evening hours, producing several tornadoes in addition to large hail and damaging wind gusts. As the cold front surged east of I-35 by early in the evening, the storm mode eventually became more linear with an increasing threat of more widespread damaging winds along the complex of storms while the threats of large hail and isolated tornadoes continued through the end of the event.

Tornado event in BIENVILLE County, LOUISIANA
Start: 03-MAR-23 00:38:00
End: 03-MAR-23 00:40:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 10.00K
Event narrative: An EF-0 tornado with estimated maximum winds near 85 mph touched down on Highway 516 in Northwest Bienville Parish. There, it damaged the roof of a single wide manufactured home and downed a large tree branch. It then intermittently touched down with damage next found by a church on Garrett Road to the northeast of the Fryeburg community. The tornado snapped two trees and uprooted two others behind a church before it quickly lifted. This tornado was embedded within a quasi-linear convective system (QLCS) with additional straight-line wind damage occurring in vicinity of the tornado in Bienville Parish.
Episode narrative: Two rounds of strong to severe thunderstorms spawned 13 tornadoes across central Illinois during the afternoon and evening of March 31st...including an EF-3 tornado that killed 3 people in Robinson in Crawford County.  The first round of convection developed along a warm front lifting northeastward through the area during the afternoon.  These storms were primarily very large hail-producers, with up to baseball-sized (2.75 diameter) hail being reported in the town of Banner in Fulton County.  Once the warm front lifted into northern Illinois, a modestly unstable but highly sheared environment was in place during the late afternoon and evening...with CAPE values of 1500-2500J/kg and 0-6km bulk shear in excess of 70kt.  As a trailing cold front approached from the west, additional supercell thunderstorms developed that produced tornadoes, very large hail, and damaging wind gusts.  The cells eventually congealed into a broken line as they pushed eastward to the I-57 corridor by mid-evening.  Meanwhile, a discrete supercell ahead of the line tracked south of I-70, dropping the EF-3 tornado in Crawford County.

Tornado event in SCOTT County, ILLINOIS
Start: 31-MAR-23 16:15:00
End: 31-MAR-23 16:17:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A tornado briefly touched down in the Illinois River bottoms about 6.5 miles west-northwest of Winchester at 5:15 PM CDT.  No damage was observed.

Tornado event in MORGAN County, ILLINOIS
Start: 31-MAR-23 16:35:00
End: 31-MAR-23 16:36:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A tornado briefly touched down north of the Jacksonville Airport at 5:35 PM CDT.  It caused minor tree damage before quickly dissipating by 5:36 PM CDT.
Episode narrative: During the afternoon of May 06 a weak frontal boundary was draped across western Minnesota. Afternoon clearing allowed a few hundred Joules of MLCAPE to develop, and storm relative helicity increased along and north of the boundary. A few rotating thunderstorms developed and produced several brief, weak tornadoes, along with one report of quarter size hail. This was a low end severe weather event, with little impacts.

The only damage report was to an out building. Video shows part of the roof being blown off.

Tornado event in LAC QUI PARLE County, MINNESOTA
Start: 06-MAY-23 17:20:00
End: 06-MAY-23 17:30:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A weak tornado develop north of Madison in Lac Qui Parle county. There were several images of this tornado on social media, but no reports of damage.
Episode narrative: Showers and thunderstorms overspread the area during the late evening hours ahead of a strong low pressure system and an associated cold front moving through the Ohio Valley.

Tornado event in AUGLAIZE County, OHIO
Start: 31-MAR-23 23:54:00
End: 31-MAR-23 23:59:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 3.00M
Event narrative: The first sign of visible damage associated with this tornado occurred on Owl Creek Road. At one residence, two large trees were knocked down while a barn was destroyed at another residence. The tornado strengthened as it moved to the northeast, removing a significant portion of a warehouse building roof and snapping several power poles. Just northeast of here, a large commercial greenhouse was completely leveled. The tornado then crossed the intersection of U.S. 33 and Interstate 75, causing significant roof damage and partial exterior wall collapse to an industrial building. At this point, the tornado was at its strongest with estimated winds of up to 110 mph.

On the east side of Interstate 75 and just north of U.S. 33, a truck stop experienced significant damage and a few semi-trailers were blown over. Just northeast of here, a private campground suffered significant damage. At the campsite, numerous trailers were flipped over and a large meeting hall had its roof removed. Several trees were also knocked down. Seven people were injured when the trailers were flipped at the campground.

As the tornado continued northeast, several farmhouses were damaged and outbuildings were damaged or destroyed between Wapakoneta and Uniopolis, particularly along Middle Pike. Considerable debris was noted in nearby fields. A historic brick school building was also destroyed on Brown Road. Numerous trees were also snapped and uprooted along the path. Sporadic damage to trees and outbuildings continued to the northeast before the tornado apparently lifted near the Auglaize/Allen County line.

This tornado started at 2354 EST,  March 31st, 2023 and ended at 0007 EST, April 1st, 2023. The injuries occurred just before midnight EST so were included in the March 2023 Storm Data for Ohio, Southwest.
Episode narrative: A cyclic supercell moved northeast from Arkansas, producing two tornadoes in southeast Missouri. Both tornadoes occurred in heavily forested areas. The second tornado struck a small community called Glenallen, located near Marble Hill in Bollinger County. Several fatalities were associated with this significant tornado. The supercell was the product of a favorable environment for tornadic storms. Moderate instability and strong deep-layer wind shear coincided over the region. Mixed-layer capes were between 1000 and 1500 j/kg in the presence of effective bulk shear around 55 knots. A surface low tracked from central Kansas into Iowa, resulting in a large unstable warm sector over Missouri and Illinois. Strong low-level south to southwest winds brought unseasonably warm late-night temperatures in the mid 70's and dew points in the 60's.  The onset of storms was delayed by capping in the warm sector and pockets of dry low-level air. Wind fields strengthened throughout the night and capping weakened, leading to nocturnal supercell tornadoes.

Tornado event in CAPE GIRARDEAU County, MISSOURI
Start: 05-APR-23 02:56:00
End: 05-APR-23 02:57:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 2.00K
Event narrative: The tornado passed from Bollinger County into Cape Girardeau County for just a minute or so before dissipating. The only visible damage was broken large branches on County Road 352 near the county line.
Episode narrative: A strong cold front produced a line of thunderstorms that resulted in widely scattered damaging straight-line wind gusts and a couple tornadoes.

Tornado event in BALTIMORE County, MARYLAND
Start: 22-APR-23 14:18:00
End: 22-APR-23 14:19:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 25.00K
Event narrative: A line of severe thunderstorms produced an EF0 tornado along its leading edge as it passed over Fork, Fallston and western Bel Air Maryland on the mid-afternoon of Saturday April 22nd. The tornado was on the ground intermittently for eight minutes, but it produced a fair amount of tree damage along its nearly 7 mile path. Wind gusts where it caused noted damage were estimated 70 to 75 miles per hour along its path.

The tornado touched down in Fork Maryland in northeastern Baltimore County, about a mile from the border with Harford County. There it downed a tree which knocked down power poles and lines near the intersection of Sunshine Avenue and Harford Road.

Tornado event in HARFORD County, MARYLAND
Start: 22-APR-23 14:19:00
End: 22-APR-23 14:26:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 1000.00K
Event narrative: A line of severe thunderstorms produced an EF0 tornado along its leading edge as it passed over Fork, Fallston and western Bel Air Maryland on the mid-afternoon of Saturday April 22nd. The tornado was on the ground intermittently for eight minutes, but it produced a fair amount of tree damage along its nearly 7 mile path. Wind gusts where it caused noted damage were estimated 70 to 75 miles per hour along its path.

It strengthened slightly as it crossed the border into Harford County. There was numerous large branches snapped and downed power lines along Reckord Road as the tornado traveled along it. There were also 4 large trees snapped in the 400 block of Reckord Road.

The tornado continued northeast and produced similar damage to many trees with large branches snapped mainly off the upper parts of trees, with a few falling on homes and vehicles. Affected properties included those along Old Fallston Road, Watervale Road, Waters Avenue, Red Pump Road, Fox Den Road, and Vale Road. About 10 trees and large branches were down in a wooded park near the intersection of Red Pump Road and Vale Road in multiple directions. Two eyewitnesses reported seeing the rotating funnel as it passed. Another reported debris swiftly rotating up off the ground and tops of trees being spun in circles.

The final significant large branch damage noted was about a quarter mile southwest of the intersection of state route 24 and Red Pump Road, along Marywood Drive.
Episode narrative: A decaying storm complex moved across central Indiana during the morning hours of April 5th causing gradient wind damage across the leading edge of light rain.  Within this complex, thunderstorm winds caused more focused damage in a line from Gosport into Marion county. Additional storms developed along and ahead of a line later in the morning and early afternoon causing additional wind damage and a weak EF-0 tornado in eastern Montgomery County.

Tornado event in MONTGOMERY County, INDIANA
Start: 05-APR-23 10:58:00
End: 05-APR-23 10:59:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 50.00K
Event narrative: The tornado touched down on the west side of County Road 1050 East just south of US Route 136. At this location, roof panels were peeled back on a garage and center cut roofing material was thrown 500 yards. Some siding was peeled off the house.

The tornado moved northeast and crossed US Route 136 with additional damage to two structures along East New Ross Road, a house and an outbuilding. The wind entered the open door of the outbuilding, blew out a wall panel and pulled nails straight out. A short distance to the north, the house had its eastern garage wall blown out after the corner of the structure bent inwards. A grill was thrown to the east-northeast about 20 yards.
Episode narrative: As a warm front lifted northward, a highly unstable and sheared environment developed across west-central Illinois during the afternoon and evening of April 4th.  Despite the favorable parameters, thunderstorm activity was slow to initiate due to the lack of a forcing mechanism and the presence of low-level capping.  As a subtle short-wave approached from the west and weakened the cap, a large supercell thunderstorm formed over southern McDonough County then tracked east-northeast across Fulton County.  This storm produced a total of 4 tornadoes in Fulton County...including an EF-3 tornado that tracked across the northwest side of Lewistown.  Very large hail was reported as well...with the largest stone measuring 4 inches in diameter in the town of Bernadotte.

Tornado event in FULTON County, ILLINOIS
Start: 04-APR-23 18:02:00
End: 04-APR-23 18:10:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A tornado touched down on the west edge of Table Grove along County Highway 3 at 7:02 PM CDT.  It tracked eastward just south of South Street, flattening several garages and causing damage to numerous houses and trees before crossing Rifle Range Road and lifting 1 mile east of Table Grove near East Locust Lane at 7:10 PM CDT.

Tornado event in FULTON County, ILLINOIS
Start: 04-APR-23 18:09:00
End: 04-APR-23 18:10:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A storm chaser reported a brief tornado touchdown between Table Grove and Ipava at 7:09 PM CDT.  The tornado quickly lifted and no damage was observed.
Episode narrative: A lone supercell thunderstorm moved from south central Kansas into central Kansas during the afternoon and evening of April 19th, 2023.  The cyclic storm produced very large hail up to 4 inches in diameter and numerous tornadoes across Chase county, Kansas.   Eight tornadoes formed from the supercell with the strongest producing EF2 damage.

Tornado event in CHASE County, KANSAS
Start: 19-APR-23 19:38:00
End: 19-APR-23 19:43:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: This was the seventh tornado of the event. Damage was limited to trees and siding of homes.

Tornado event in CHASE County, KANSAS
Start: 19-APR-23 19:22:00
End: 19-APR-23 19:52:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: The fourth tornado had a peak width of a half mile wide and was rated EF2. It caused the metal posts of an outbuilding to be twisted and scattered leaving the structure leaning. There was total destruction to a couple of outbuildings as well as significant tree damage.