torre126/tornado-structure-data huggingface dataset:
Episode narrative: Southerly upper level winds moved across Nebraska and brought in a thick layer of low-level stratus clouds during the early morning hours. These clouds limited surface heating during the day; however, cooler air aloft moved over the area during midday. These conditions resulted in more instability. This instability combined with a low-pressure system, forcing from a strong 500 mb jet, and strong low-level wind shear. There was locally enhanced 0 ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 1 km helicity near a surface low. There was an intersection of a surface warm front with a dryline and cold front near the center of the surface low. The cold front moved across the area during the overnight hours. These conditions resulted in severe weather during the afternoon hours. 

Thunderstorms were present across Nebraska during the early afternoon hours and moved northeastward. These storms began in south central Nebraska by producing a tornado in Phelps County at 1:05 PM CDT. This tornado was rated as an EF-0 and did some damage. These storms moved eastward and developed into line segments and went on to produce 5 more tornadoes. The additional tornadoes were in Dawson, Franklin, Kearney, Adams, and Hall Counties. The tornadoes in Franklin and Kearney Counties were rated EF-1 while the others were rated EF-0. These storms also produced hail and severe wind gusts. The biggest hail was half dollar size in Phelps County. There was a 63 mph wind gust in Adams County. The storms ended by producing nickel sized hail in Hamilton County at 5:05 PM CDT.

Tornado event in FRANKLIN County, NEBRASKA
Start: 12-OCT-23 14:43:00
End: 12-OCT-23 14:47:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 2.00K
Event narrative: This tornado was the strongest and longest of the day, touching down in Franklin County and crossing into Kearney County. This EF1 rated tornado with estimated peak winds of 90 MPH was on the ground for just over six miles and for about 10 minutes. Early on, the damage path was primarily found via corn stalks in fence and power lines. Eventually the tornado overturned two pivots before reaching a farmstead near Highway 10 about eight miles south of Minden. Most structural damage was at the farmstead, including part of garage wall pushed from its foundation, damage to windows and trees and the top torn from a grain bin. The tornado crossed the highway and gradually dissipated. The EF1 rating and subsequent 90 MPH wind speed estimate was based upon the damage to the garage, grain bin and tree damage at the farmstead.
Episode narrative: A weak surface front was near the FL-GA state-line with moist, unstable conditions south of the boundary across NE FL. Diurnally enhanced storms further intensified into the afternoon and early evening as a short-wave trough moved across the area from the west. Storm motion was slow, so locally heavy rainfall was a concern near storm mergers.

Tornado event in CLAY County, FLORIDA
Start: 26-SEP-23 15:40:00
End: 26-SEP-23 15:44:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A witness reported a land spout that last for about 4 minutes and tracked WSW to ENE across a construction site just south of Sandridge Road near Feed Mill Road.  The vortex crossed over a construction site where it lifted garbage debris and dust. Structure damage did not occur.
Episode narrative: A stalled front over northern portions of the area combined with favorable wind shear and instability led to the development of severe thunderstorms. Two tornadoes developed along with several reports of large hail.

Tornado event in WILCOX County, ALABAMA
Start: 26-MAR-23 19:38:00
End: 26-MAR-23 19:40:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: The tornado originated from eastern Marengo County (BMX CWA) and  continued east/southeast across a heavily wooded area that could  not be accessed by the survey team. The tornado eventually  approached Highway 5 and snapped numerous trees on both sides of  the Highway, with downed powerlines as well. The tornado could  have continued farther to the east; however, due to the heavily  wooded area it entered, the survey team could not assess any  further. High resolution satellite data will need to be analyzed  over the next several days to further refine the tornado track.
Episode narrative: Strong thunderstorms tracked across the area and became severe in a very moist and unstable airmass. The thunderstorms produced damaging winds, large hail and a couple of weak tornadoes.

Tornado event in MOBILE County, ALABAMA
Start: 16-JUN-23 07:00:00
End: 16-JUN-23 07:07:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: An unusual anticyclonic tornado began just west of the Middle River associated with the anticyclonic bookend vortex of a powerful Mesoscale Convective System moving across the area. The tornado likely began just west of the Mobile River based on a radar debris signature and continued to the southwest of Stockton near the Tensaw River. After completion of the storm survey, it was determined the tornado continued as an EF1 cutting across the Tensaw river where a narrow path of trees snapped exists. The tornado turned to the east moving across Live Oak Road snapping and uprooting multiple pines and oaks. Past this, a lack of convergent damage suggests the tornado likely lifted somewhere on Live Oak Road prior to reaching State Highway 225. Additional intense straight line wind damage was surveyed near the path associated with the bookends RFD just to the north where straight line wind speed estimates were upwards of 90mph. The tornado track and intensity has been updated on 6/28/2023 to reflect hi-resolution satellite imagery from Digital Globe Worldview. Winds are estimated upwards of 100mph peaking along the Bottle Creek where many trees were uprooted with a few snaps.
Episode narrative: The continuations of hail, wind, and tornadoes continues through mid-July as northwesterly upper level flow develops once again over southern Colorado. Anomalous amounts of low level moisture remain over the region due to record breaking precipitation in June and an active early July. Enhanced wind shear due from the upper level northwesterly flow created an environment conducive to severe thunderstorms.

Tornado event in BACA County, COLORADO
Start: 13-JUL-23 18:16:00
End: 13-JUL-23 18:17:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: Brief touchdown - only 30 seconds.
Episode narrative: The middle part of June was unusually stormy across the area. Numerous rounds of strong to severe storms impacted the region with multiple squall lines that produced severe winds as well as supercells that produced large hail and tornadoes.  Heavy rain also occurred over a multi-day period, which saturated the ground and led to some instances of flash flooding.  

The synoptic pattern featured well above average 250 mb zonal wind anomalies, which were traceable back to an active subtropical jet stream.  Greater than average instability was also present, in part due to anomalously warm Gulf of Mexico SSTs.  This combination of above average shear from the active subtropical jet and above average instability from the warmer than average SSTs provided a synoptic environment favorable for severe weather as upper level shortwaves moving through the area.  This pattern persisted for many days, leading to an unusually large amount of severe weather.

Tornado event in HENRY County, ALABAMA
Start: 14-JUN-23 09:40:00
End: 14-JUN-23 09:55:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 250.00K
Event narrative: This tornado touched down in a wooded area west of U.S. Highway 431 and uprooted some trees. It then demolished half of a large out building right along the highway removing the roof and collapsing the walls. An adjacent small office building had substantial roof damage. The tornado then crossed Highway 431 and snapped several hardwood trees. As the tornado approached Singletary Road, it destroyed some outbuildings and removed substantial roofing material from two adjacent homes. One of the homes also had some siding removed and the porch was damaged. Several trees were also uprooted in this area. The tornado crossed the other end of a curving Singletary Road, snapping and uprooting more trees. Near the intersection of Singletary Road and W. Washington St., the tornado toppled several concrete memorial monuments. After crossing Washington St. The tornado toppled trees on Marianna Drive and Alberta Drive. Finally, the tornado snapped or uprooted several trees in the vicinity of a cemetery on East Washington St. before lifting short of Eufaula Highway. Damage along the entire path was estimated to be consistent with EF-1 damage with maximum sustained winds around 100 mph.
Episode narrative: A strong spring storm system moved through the area with ample instability and shear for severe weather. Numerous reports of severe weather were received across the tri-state area.  Two tornadoes occurred across southwest Georgia, and seven tornadoes occurred across the eastern Florida panhandle and big bend.  An EF2 tornado produced significant damage in the town of Hosford, FL.

Tornado event in LIBERTY County, FLORIDA
Start: 27-APR-23 14:54:00
End: 27-APR-23 15:05:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 500.00K
Event narrative: A large tornado touched down on the southwest side of Hosford, FL just west of NE Shadow Lane. The tornado snapped or uprooted several trees on NE Chester Street and NE Liberty Circle. There was some minor roof damage in this quadrant of town and a few damaged outbuildings. In the center of town, near the intersection of SR 20 and SR 65, a gas station and adjacent building suffered minor roof damage. Most damage in these areas was consistent with EF0 or EF1 winds. The tornado continued northeastward along SR 65 where the the highest concentration of damage was found. Damage to homes and snapped trees were noted on both sides of the highway with the trees felled in opposite directions on either side of the road. Several outbuildings were destroyed or heavily damaged. Several homes sustained roof damage on either side of the road. The most significant damage occurred just north of NE Granny Annie Road on SR 65. One single family home had the roof and back porch completely removed. An adjacent home on the same property had the roof of a second story bedroom removed with partial collapse of the walls. The tree damage in this area was also extensive. Winds in this location were estimated to be 125 mph, which justifies an EF2 rating. The tornado was also rather wide with a width around one-half mile at times. The tornado continued to the northeast along SR 65 for a short while, snapping trees along the way before potentially lifting. It is possible the tornado continued east of SR 65 for a ways, but there was no way for the survey team to access these areas. Damage cost was estimated.
Episode narrative: A high amplitude, negatively tilted trough moving across the Great Lakes and into New England along with cold and warm front provided strong forcing which resulted in flooding, wind damage, and 5 tornadoes. In the warm sector dewpoints surged into the mid 70s with PWATs near 2 inches which led to torrential downpours. Tornadoes occurred in Scotland, Ct, Scituate, RI, North Attleboro, MA, Stoughton, MA, and Weymouth, MA. The tornadoes ranged in intensity from EF-0 to EF-2.

Tornado event in PROVIDENCE County, RHODE ISLAND
Start: 18-AUG-23 07:40:00
End: 18-AUG-23 07:57:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 250.00K
Event narrative: A tornado caused significant damage along a discontinuous path in Scituate, Johnston, and North Providence, Rhode Island. This  is the strongest tornado to have struck Rhode Island since the F-2 tornado in Cranston and Providence on August 7, 1986.

The tornado first touched down near Byron Randall Road in Scituate which is where the most severe damage occurred. There were hundreds of large trees either uprooted or snapped at their bases. One  home sustained damage to its roof, the top of its chimney was  blown off, windows were blown in, and an exterior door was  dislodged from its framing. Damage was consistent with winds of  around 115 mph which is classified as EF-2 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale.

The tornado then tracked into Johnston where it crossed I-295 at  Exit 10 and lifted a vehicle into the air before dropping it back  onto the highway. The driver was transported to an area hospital  with minor injuries. From there, the tornado moved across Bridle  Way and Carriage Way where a number of trees were snapped or  uprooted, some of which fell onto homes or vehicles. Some homes  also lost some singles from their roofs. A metal Stop sign pole  was bent in half and the sign was blown away. The tornado then  caused damage in Highland Memorial Park Cemetery where a number of large trees were either snapped or uprooted. The damage observed  in Johnston was consistent with winds of 90 to 100 mph which is  classified as EF-1 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale.

Finally, the tornado crossed into North Providence. Similar to Johnston, a number of trees were either snapped or uprooted, some falling onto homes or vehicles. Most of the damage observed was to the north of Mineral Spring Avenue. One of the harder hit areas   included Lydia Avenue, Armand Drive, and Bennett Street where two homes were made uninhabitable from fallen trees. The damage  observed in North Providence was consistent with winds of 90 to  100 mph which is classified as EF-1 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale.

The National Weather Service would like to thank the Rhode Island Emergency Management Agency, the Scituate Police Department, the Johnston Police Department, the North Providence Fire Department, and Skywarn Amateur Radio Operators for their assistance with the damage survey.
Episode narrative: A deep upper trough moved over the Central Plains. A shortwave moved over east central Colorado during the afternoon and CAPE values were highest just to the east of this feature. Low-level moisture was limited and instability was marginal across south central and central Nebraska but high enough for storms to produce severe updrafts.  Wind shear values were around 40 to 50 knots, and a cold front was moving toward the area. Low-level storm relative helicity was increasing which lead to a greater tornado threat. 

Thunderstorms developed during the afternoon ahead of the shortwave and became severe across portions of western Kansas and portions of southern Nebraska. These storms continued to develop and move eastward as the afternoon progressed. The storms began by producing nickel sized hail in Furnas County around 3 pm CDT. The hail got up to the size of golf balls in Dawson, Harlan, Phelps, and Adams Counties. A few of the storms produced tornadoes in Dawson and Sherman Counties. These tornadoes resulted in some damage and were rated EF-0. These storms eventually developed into a line as they moved across portions of Nebraska and Kansas. Aside from an estimated 70 mph wind causing some damage a farmstead near Marquette in Hamilton county, the strongest wind gust reported from the line of storms was 86 mph in Polk County. This wind gust along with other wind gusts resulted in wind damage across portions of south central and central Nebraska. The last severe report of the day was just before 7 pm CDT in Polk County with a wind gust near 60 mph.

Tornado event in DAWSON County, NEBRASKA
Start: 03-OCT-23 14:59:00
End: 03-OCT-23 15:01:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 225.00K
Event narrative: A short-lived tornado occurred about 3 miles northeast of Overton. This tornado upset at least two center irrigation pivots, and the associated rear flank downdraft damaged three more pivots. One farmstead reported tree damage. One helpful nugget of information was video from a nearby home showing the condensation funnel as it formed. The tornado likely dissipated in a pasture after a couple minutes.
Episode narrative: Southerly upper level winds moved across Kansas and brought in a thick layer of low-level stratus clouds during the early morning hours. These clouds limited surface heating during the day; however, cooler air aloft moved over the area during midday. These conditions resulted in more instability. This instability combined with a low-pressure system, forcing from a strong 500 mb jet, and strong low-level wind shear. There was locally enhanced 0 ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 1 km helicity near a surface low. There was an intersection of a surface warm front with a dryline and cold front near the center of the surface low. The cold front moved across the area during the overnight hours. These conditions resulted in severe weather during the afternoon hours. Storms developed across northern Kansas during the early afternoon hours. One storm moved across north central Kansas and produced a very brief tornado near the town of Beloit at 3:39 PM CDT. This tornado was rated as an EF-0.

Tornado event in MITCHELL County, KANSAS
Start: 12-OCT-23 14:39:00
End: 12-OCT-23 14:39:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: This tornado was reported by the public to the NWS via pictures and video. No rating nor wind speed was assigned due to the lack of quality damage indicators in the area. The location is estimated.
Episode narrative: Hurricane Idalia made landfall Wednesday morning August 30th around 745 AM EDT along the Florida Big Bend near Keaton Beach as a category 3, with the inner core moving NE across the Suwannee River Valley. The inner wind core of Idalia gradually weakened through the morning while, heavily impacting Suwannee and Hamilton counties in NE Florida and Echols county SE Georgia as the circulation tracked NE. Widespread tree, power line and structure damage occurred across Suwannee and Hamilton counties, with estimated winds of 80-100 mph based on damage surveys with isolated pockets of peak wind gusts near major hurricane strength. Outer rainbands on the eastside of Idalia impacted all of SE Georgia and NE FL through the day, with early morning tornadoes across coastal SE Georgia and widespread tropical cyclone wind gusts through the day causing tree damage and power line damage at least somewhere across NE Florida and SE Georgia. Measured gusts during the peak of the hurricane acorss the local forecast area were 60-80 mph. Flooding rainfall impacted locations in the direct path of the weakening inner core across the Suwannee River Valley and southeast Georgia, especially from eastern Hamilton county toward Baxley and Jesup GA. The peak rainfall amounts were up to 5-8 inches. At least 3 tornadoes occurred in southeast GA as rainbands swept northwestward ahead of the hurricane.

Tornado event in GLYNN County, GEORGIA
Start: 30-AUG-23 06:40:00
End: 30-AUG-23 06:49:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: Outer rainbands on the NE side of Hurricane  Idalia spawned isolated tornadoes during the morning hours  across portions of SE Georgia. 

 A tornado with peak intensity of EF1 impacted the south and  west sides of the city of Brunswick where trees and some  structures were damaged beginning near Gloucester Street.  The tornado tracked NNW near Newcastle Street, then storm  took more of a NW track near the intersection of Interstate  95 and the New Jesup Highway/US Highway 341. Mainly tree  damage occurred including numerous large limbs and some  large hard wood trees blown down and snapped. There was some  structure damage to mainly outbuildings including sheds  and fences.
Episode narrative: A deep upper trough moved over the Central Plains. A shortwave moved over east central Colorado during the afternoon and CAPE values were highest just to the east of this feature. Low-level moisture was limited and instability was marginal across south central and central Nebraska but high enough for storms to produce severe updrafts.  Wind shear values were around 40 to 50 knots, and a cold front was moving toward the area. Low-level storm relative helicity was increasing which lead to a greater tornado threat. 

Thunderstorms developed during the afternoon ahead of the shortwave and became severe across portions of western Kansas and portions of southern Nebraska. These storms continued to develop and move eastward as the afternoon progressed. The storms began by producing nickel sized hail in Furnas County around 3 pm CDT. The hail got up to the size of golf balls in Dawson, Harlan, Phelps, and Adams Counties. A few of the storms produced tornadoes in Dawson and Sherman Counties. These tornadoes resulted in some damage and were rated EF-0. These storms eventually developed into a line as they moved across portions of Nebraska and Kansas. Aside from an estimated 70 mph wind causing some damage a farmstead near Marquette in Hamilton county, the strongest wind gust reported from the line of storms was 86 mph in Polk County. This wind gust along with other wind gusts resulted in wind damage across portions of south central and central Nebraska. The last severe report of the day was just before 7 pm CDT in Polk County with a wind gust near 60 mph.

Tornado event in SHERMAN County, NEBRASKA
Start: 03-OCT-23 15:56:00
End: 03-OCT-23 15:56:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 1.00K
Event narrative: A very brief tornado occurred on the south side of Rockville near or along Highway 68. Based upon video, the tornado lasted less than 5 seconds as it caused some minor damage in the area.
Episode narrative: Southerly upper level winds moved across Nebraska and brought in a thick layer of low-level stratus clouds during the early morning hours. These clouds limited surface heating during the day; however, cooler air aloft moved over the area during midday. These conditions resulted in more instability. This instability combined with a low-pressure system, forcing from a strong 500 mb jet, and strong low-level wind shear. There was locally enhanced 0 ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 1 km helicity near a surface low. There was an intersection of a surface warm front with a dryline and cold front near the center of the surface low. The cold front moved across the area during the overnight hours. These conditions resulted in severe weather during the afternoon hours. 

Thunderstorms were present across Nebraska during the early afternoon hours and moved northeastward. These storms began in south central Nebraska by producing a tornado in Phelps County at 1:05 PM CDT. This tornado was rated as an EF-0 and did some damage. These storms moved eastward and developed into line segments and went on to produce 5 more tornadoes. The additional tornadoes were in Dawson, Franklin, Kearney, Adams, and Hall Counties. The tornadoes in Franklin and Kearney Counties were rated EF-1 while the others were rated EF-0. These storms also produced hail and severe wind gusts. The biggest hail was half dollar size in Phelps County. There was a 63 mph wind gust in Adams County. The storms ended by producing nickel sized hail in Hamilton County at 5:05 PM CDT.

Tornado event in KEARNEY County, NEBRASKA
Start: 12-OCT-23 14:47:00
End: 12-OCT-23 14:53:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 225.00K
Event narrative: This tornado was the strongest and longest of the day, touching down in Franklin County and crossing into Kearney County. This EF1 rated tornado with estimated peak winds of 90 MPH was on the ground for just over six miles and for about 10 minutes. Early on, the damage path was primarily found via corn stalks in fence and power lines. Eventually the tornado overturned two pivots before reaching a farmstead near Highway 10 about eight miles south of Minden. Most structural damage was at the farmstead, including part of garage wall pushed from its foundation, damage to windows and trees and the top torn from a grain bin. The tornado crossed the highway and gradually dissipated. The EF1 rating and subsequent 90 MPH wind speed estimate was based upon the damage to the garage, grain bin and tree damage at the farmstead.