torre126/tornado-structure-data huggingface dataset:
Episode narrative: Numerous strong to severe thunderstorms impacted Central Alabama during the morning and afternoon hours of Thursday, January 12th, 2023. Several supercell thunderstorms spawned multiple tornadoes which caused significant damage in many areas. The severe thunderstorms also produced damaging straight-line winds and hail up to golf ball size.

Tornado event in HALE County, ALABAMA
Start: 12-JAN-23 10:47:00
End: 12-JAN-23 11:10:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: National Weather Service meteorologists surveyed damage in southern Hale County and determined that it was consistent with an EF2 tornado, with maximum winds near 115 mph. The tornado touched down in a remote area of Hale County, near Clements Bend on the Black Warrior River.  The tornado tracked northeast and across County Road 35, where numerous trees were uprooted on a farm near the State Cattle Ranch. From there, it continued to snap and uproot numerous trees in a largely rural area, before causing considerable damage to the roof of a house along Highway 69. The tornado intensified to EF2 strength as it approached the southern part of the city of Greensboro. Along Highway 25, it snapped and uprooted numerous trees, rolled and destroyed a single-wide manufactured home, and caused lighter damage to several other structures. The remaining damage along the path was mostly to timber, including Highway 61 just southeast of Greensboro, and County Road 14 just east of the city. The tornado weakened as it crossed into Perry County near Griffin Cemetery Road.
Episode narrative: A strong low-pressure system which had been slowly moving east off the Rocky Mountains finally progressed into central Nebraska. This left eastern Nebraska in the warm sector as a warm front moved north into the area. The SPC issued an Enhanced Risk for severe weather with a 30% hatched for severe hail. There ended up being 19 confirmed tornadoes (3 EF2, 8 EF1, 4 EF0, 4 EFU). There were numerous hail reports the largest of which was 4.5 inches in Pawnee County. Another 4-inch report was received in Richardson County. Flash flooding was also observed in a few locations.

Tornado event in MADISON County, NEBRASKA
Start: 12-MAY-23 15:22:00
End: 12-MAY-23 15:23:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: Storm spotter video confirmed a tornado at this location. There was no damage.
Episode narrative: A very warm and moist airmass developed ahead of an approaching strong cold front. Showers and thunderstorms developed ahead of the front and moved across the area. The storms produced three tornadoes along with a swath of wind damage stretching from the I-65 corridor in Conecuh County o far southeastern Crenshaw County.

Tornado event in CONECUH County, ALABAMA
Start: 12-JAN-23 13:54:00
End: 12-JAN-23 13:55:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: The tornado briefly touched down approximately 3/4 of a mile east of Nymph Road, where several large limbs were downed. It continued to move to the east-northeast, crossing County Road 29, where it uprooted several trees. The tornado lifted just northeast of County Road 29.
Episode narrative: Long duration severe weather event across the northeast plains, and most of the Denver metropolitan area beginning during the early afternoon hours.   Scores of  tornadoes occurred across Washington and Logan counties.  Several rounds of hail across the Denver metro, with ping pong ball sized hail in downtown, larger hail up to 2 inches in diameter at concert in Red Rocks Amphitheatre.  In all, seven patrons were hospitalized,  with 83 treated on scene.   A substantial number of attendees suffered welts, bruises and broken fingers trying to protect themselves.  Several suffered concussions as well.  A total of 33 tornadoes touched down in Washington County, with 3 reported in Logan County.  There were reports of at least one home damaged west of Sterling and one commercial building collapse in Sterling. The home was damaged by one of the tornadoes.

Significant flooding and flash flooding also occurred in portions of the plains, including Elbert, Arapahoe, Adams, Logan, Washington and Morgan counties. There were likely several rural roads that flooded due to the heavy rainfall.  There was a flood fatality just south of I-70 along Watkins Rd.  First responders found two stranded cars swept into a field, but its occupants had either gotten out or had been rescued. The third vehicle ended up west of Watkins and 6th Ave. in what is normally a dry creek bed. South Metroï¿½ï¿½ï¿½s water rescue team was then called out to do a water rescue but that operation turned into a recovery by the following morning.  Due to flooding, Watkins Road was closed between Interstate 70 and Jewell Ave.  Interstate 70 was also closed for several hours until water could recede from flooded underpasses. Minor flooding also occurred in portions of the Denver and the surrounding metro area.  Baseball size hail was observed in Washington County.  In Clear Creek County, a thunderstorm wind gusts to 68 mph was recorded.

Tornado event in WASHINGTON County, COLORADO
Start: 21-JUN-23 15:31:00
End: 21-JUN-23 15:34:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: Another satellite tornado, formed in open country near the EF2 tornado, and eventually wrapped into it.  No damage was observed.
Episode narrative: A potent system moved through New Jersey, bringing large hail, damaging winds, and a tornado as scattered strong to severe thunderstorms moved through.

Tornado event in BURLINGTON County, NEW JERSEY
Start: 16-JUN-23 11:55:00
End: 16-JUN-23 12:01:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: An EF-0 tornado began in Southampton Township near Burrs Mill Road south of Ongs Hat Road where some minor tree damage occurred to a few properties. The tornado continued east through a sparsely populated area. It crossed Ongs Hat Road and Stockton Bridge Road where some additional minor tree damage occurred. A tree was found uprooted, having fallen toward the west on Stockton Bridge Road. This was the area where the tornado reached its maximum width of about 200 yards. A tree was uprooted at a residence on Ongs Hat Road, then the tornado moved into a wooded wetland where more minor tree damage and downed limbs were found in a nature preserve along Jade Run. The tornado continued east crossing Magnolia Road where several large tree limbs were down and a softwood tree uprooted. The tornado crossed the road and continued eastward, largely paralleling Sheep Pen Hill Road. The tornado uprooted a few trees and downed several large tree limbs along the edge of the wooded area to the north of the road and a large blueberry field to the south. A tree fell onto a power line near the bend in the road, then the tornado dissipated as it moved through another blueberry field and into a wooded area.
Episode narrative: West central Texas was located to the south of a stationary frontal boundary and east of a surface dryline through this time frame. As a result, abundant low level moisture was across the area, along with strong to extreme instability and adequate deep layer shear for severe thunderstorms including supercell storms to develop. Most of the severe storms occurred east of an Abilene to Eden to Menard line during the afternoon and evening hours. The severe storms produce large to very large hail along with isolated damaging winds.

Tornado event in JONES County, TEXAS
Start: 11-JUN-23 23:35:00
End: 11-JUN-23 23:39:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: Law Enforcement called stating that a Deputy south of Stamford reported a possible tornado which was rain wrapped and heading toward Avoca.
Episode narrative: An initial round of storms developed in the morning of June 26 near a warm front. Later in the day as the warm front lifted north and a cold front approached from the west, additional storms developed and moved over the region.

Tornado event in NORTHAMPTON County, PENNSYLVANIA
Start: 26-JUN-23 13:58:00
End: 26-JUN-23 14:04:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: NWS Survey found several wheat fields to the west of Martins Creek Belvidere Highway showing convergent damage patterns along a narrow path. In the absence of additional damage indicators, NWS surveyors used wheat crop damage to confirm EF0 damage using the damage indicator of small branches broken. To the west of the damage path, there were several additional fields showing damage that were more consistent with divergent straight line winds.
Episode narrative: The first significant event to produce widespread severe weather across the Mid-South for 2023 occurred on March 24, during the afternoon and evening hours.  This severe weather episode occurred mainly over portions of the Lower Mississippi and Tennessee Valleys. Surface analysis for this day depicted a quasi-stationary boundary from the Mid-Atlantic States and Ohio Valley through northern portions of West Tennessee and Arkansas and stretching back through Central Texas. Low pressure tracked along the stalled front into southeast Missouri during the evening. Meanwhile, a potent mid-level trough ejected out of the southwest U.S. Upper air analysis indicated the Lower Mississippi Valley was in the right entrance region of a strong 300 mb upper-level jet streak. This produced sufficient upper-level divergence and lift needed for severe thunderstorm development. 

Moderate instability combined with strong wind shear resulted in a QLCS (Quasi-Linear Convective System) convective mode. This northern part of the QLCS initially started over Western Arkansas Friday afternoon and moved east into Eastern Arkansas by early evening and then across West Tennessee. The northern part of QLCS produced scattered wind damage, flash flooding, and a weak tornado.  The southern end of this QLCS scraped across north Mississippi with numerous reports of flash flooding, damaging winds, and several weak tornadoes. 

The most significant storm of the night occurred during the late evening hours of March 24, as thunderstorms developing in advance of the QLCS streamed northeast Calhoun and Chickasaw Counties. A tight and small circulation developed in Chickasaw County (MS) about 5 miles east-northeast of Trebloc and quickly grew in strength as it moved into Monroe County (MS), producing significant damage from New Wren to Amory and Smithville, with the most significant damage occurring in Amory.

Tornado event in HAYWOOD County, TENNESSEE
Start: 24-MAR-23 19:19:00
End: 24-MAR-23 19:20:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 140.00K
Event narrative: A short-lived tornado touched down near Jim Hardister Road in southeast Haywood County on the evening of Friday, March 24, 2023. This tornado primarily uprooted and/or snapped trees, but roof damage was noted to a house, barn, and outbuilding. The tornado continued to a manufactured home, shifting it off the block piers. The last sign of tornado damage occurred just to the northeast at another residence where numerous trees were uprooted and/or snapped, including one that fell onto the residence and caused significant roof damage. The tornado likely lifted up in a field shortly after. Peak winds were estimated at 95 mph.
Episode narrative: An afternoon severe weather outbreak was organized by an approaching cold front and fueled by 2000-3000 J/kg of CAPE courtesy of high lapse rates aloft, surface dewpoints in the low to mid-70s, and cooresponding temperatures as high as the mid to upper 90s over western central Indiana.  Numerous rotating supercell thunderstorms developed over western central Indiana in the early to mid-afternoon and proceeded to the east-southeast through central and southern Indiana.  These cells produced penny or larger hail over 16 of the region's 39 counties, more isolated straight line wind damage to trees, barns and roofs, and four EF1/EF2 tornadoes within a 33-minute period along the I-69 corridor south of Indianapolis.  Each tornado was spawned from a separate supercell:  an EF2 that impacted residential communities in northwestern Johnson County, a pair of EF1s that tracked across rather rural portions of northern Daviess/Martin Counties and southwestern Monroe County, and finally a longer-track EF2 that crossed far southern Martin County, killing 1 person and injuring another when destroying a rural residence, before ending its track in extreme northeastern Dubois County.  The end of the event saw, amid the weakening cluster of supercells, three cells produce isolated large hail over eastern central Indiana, with also wind damage to two barns in the Seymour area.

Tornado event in JOHNSON County, INDIANA
Start: 25-JUN-23 15:12:00
End: 25-JUN-23 15:23:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 1200.00K
Event narrative: A rotating supercell thunderstorm spawned the tornado just west of the intersection of Travis and Mullinix Roads.  Moving east, it intensified quickly while producing mainly high-end EF1 damage (winds up to 110 mph) near and around this intersection, with bricks blown off of a large house, roof damage, a trailer moved into an adjacent yard, trees snapped, and a few snapped power poles.  Spotty low-end EF-2 (up to 115 mph) damage was also probable here.

The tornado continued east and went through parts of the Kensington Grove subdivision causing substantial roof damage to some homes while several trees were downed and snapped, indicative of EF1 intensity (95-110 mph).  The tornado continued east through the Waters Edge neighborhood and over the area's pond while maintaining EF1 strength (90-100 mph).  The tornado continued past the Old Marsh by Indiana Route 135, just before impacting portions of an apartment complex under construction.  Here the roof was torn off the length of one of the apartment buildings while many windows were broken and even a few pieces of debris were impaled into the ground, indicative of low-end EF2 winds (115 mph).

The tornado then started to turn southeast and pass over an open field where a narrow debris swath was deposited. In this area the tornado may have skipped off the surface a bit.  The tornado then came down and snapped and uprooted numerous trees along West County Road 600 North just south of the Restoration Church.  More high-end EF1 damage was evident here (100-110 mph).  The tornado lifted about 1500 feet southeast of the church.
Episode narrative: A surface low and frontal boundary stalled over northeast Texas on the afternoon of February 7th. An upper level low coming out of the desert southwest tracked eastward and drove a cold front towards the local area. At the same time, the surface low began to deepen and occlude while moving northeastward. Thunderstorms developed both ahead of the front in the warm sector and directly along the cold front as it passed through the local area. One storm produced an EF-2 tornado, another severe thunderstorm winds, and one produced flash flooding. No injuries with any storms.

Tornado event in TANGIPAHOA County, LOUISIANA
Start: 08-FEB-23 17:51:00
End: 08-FEB-23 17:57:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 150.00K
Event narrative: A 115 MPH EF-2 tornado impacted the western portions of the Village of Tangipahoa. The tornado touched down along Interstate 55 between the Fluker and Tangipahoa exits where softwood pines were uprooted. The tornado traveled north-northeast continuing to uproot both softwood and hardwood trees along the path. As the tornado moved into the western portions of the village of Tangipahoa, it began to grow in size and strength. The highest tornadic winds occurred near the intersection of Martin Luther King Drive and Center Street where a convenience store suffered roof and exterior wall failure. Also, near this intersection, a church sustained moderate to severe roof damage with partial exterior wall damage. As the tornado continued north-northeast paralleling Martin Luther King Drive, multiple mobile homes were damaged or destroyed. One mobile home frame was horizontally twisted at least 180 degrees. The tornado traveled through a patch of wooded area and then an open field where it lifted near Highway 51 just north of Beaver Creek.
Episode narrative: A potent system moved through eastern Pennsylvania bringing damaging winds, large hail, and a tornado with scattered strong to severe thunderstorms.

Tornado event in CHESTER County, PENNSYLVANIA
Start: 16-JUN-23 10:10:00
End: 16-JUN-23 10:14:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: An EF-1 tornado began in West Caln Township near Baldwin Road where a hardwood tree was uprooted and found hanging on top of downed wires. South of here, between Baldwin Road and Chantry Lane, another hardwood tree was found snapped at its trunk. This was the area that the tornado reached its maximum width of approximately 250 yards. The tornado then continued eastward with tree and wire damage seen on North Sandy Hill Road near Wallace Lane where a tree and large limbs fell on and damaged a wooden fence. Continuing further east, a row of hardwood trees was severely damaged with snapped trunks on Martins Corner Road just north of Wagontown Road. A utility pole was also snapped here, but this appeared to have been caused by the falling trees and the strain introduced to the wires since the pole may have been weakened by age. The tornado then dissipated as there was no concentrated damage found east of Martins Corner Road. Additional damage separate from this path was noted and appeared to be caused by straight line winds. This includes tree damage in the Hidden Acres Campground on the northwest side of Baldwin Road.
Episode narrative: An afternoon severe weather outbreak was organized by an approaching cold front and fueled by 2000-3000 J/kg of CAPE courtesy of high lapse rates aloft, surface dewpoints in the low to mid-70s, and cooresponding temperatures as high as the mid to upper 90s over western central Indiana.  Numerous rotating supercell thunderstorms developed over western central Indiana in the early to mid-afternoon and proceeded to the east-southeast through central and southern Indiana.  These cells produced penny or larger hail over 16 of the region's 39 counties, more isolated straight line wind damage to trees, barns and roofs, and four EF1/EF2 tornadoes within a 33-minute period along the I-69 corridor south of Indianapolis.  Each tornado was spawned from a separate supercell:  an EF2 that impacted residential communities in northwestern Johnson County, a pair of EF1s that tracked across rather rural portions of northern Daviess/Martin Counties and southwestern Monroe County, and finally a longer-track EF2 that crossed far southern Martin County, killing 1 person and injuring another when destroying a rural residence, before ending its track in extreme northeastern Dubois County.  The end of the event saw, amid the weakening cluster of supercells, three cells produce isolated large hail over eastern central Indiana, with also wind damage to two barns in the Seymour area.

Tornado event in MONROE County, INDIANA
Start: 25-JUN-23 15:30:00
End: 25-JUN-23 15:37:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 450.00K
Event narrative: A supercell thunderstorm spawned this third tornado of the day, which would track across far southwestern Monroe County, for its first 3 miles in a mainly easterly direction, before turning more east-southeasterly along the track's final 1.5 miles.  The tornado inflicted a combination of EF0 and EF1 intensity damage.  Strongest winds were estimated at 100 mph over latter portions of the track, both where the tornado turned right and again when impacting a home shortly after crossing South Rockport Road.

The tornado began as an EF0 on the south side of West Carmichael Road, about 1500 feet west-northwest of the intersection of West Carmichael Road and West Rock East Road;  here it damaged multiple outbuildings and a barn.  About a half mile of EF1 intensity damage then occurred along West Rock East Road including multiple trees snapped at the trunk.  Near the midpoint of the track upon crossing South Lee Phillips Road, the tornado caused isolated tree and home damage including uprooted a hardwood tree and blowing out a window.  0.9 miles later the tornado reached peak intensity over a slight rise of ground, with winds snapping trees, destroying a wood-anchored shed, and bending an anchored steel plate.  The tornado then turned to the east-southeast, and again exhibited peak intensity upon crossing South Rockport Road where a well-built barn was partially destroyed and a 2-story home sustained extensive roof damage.  For the final 0.8 miles of its track, the tornado roughly paralleled South Rockport Road while occasionally snapping pine trees, before ending about 4 miles west of the western end of Monroe Lake.
Episode narrative: A regional tornado outbreak occurred during the late afternoon of Friday, March 31, 2023, and continued into the early morning hours of Saturday, April 1, 2023. This outbreak covered portions of the Ohio Valley, and the Middle and Lower Mississippi Valleys, including a good portion of the Mid-South and stretching into the Tennessee Valley. On Friday, March 31, a surface low was located near La Crosse, WI, with a cold front stretching south into central/southwest Missouri, western Arkansas, and into eastern Texas. Surface temperatures were mainly in the 70s to approaching 80 degrees with surface dewpoints in the lower to middle 60s, yielding Surface-Based CAPE (SBCAPE) values between 1500-2000 J/kg by Friday evening. Favorable upper-level divergence produced by the right entrance region of a 140-kt jet streak at 300 mb provided ample lift to produce strong to severe thunderstorms across the region. Directional and speed shear were impressive with 70-80 knots of Effective Bulk Shear present and 0-1 km Storm Relative Helicity values between 500-600 m2/s2, all more than enough for organized thunderstorms across the area. Discrete supercells started to develop across the Lower Mississippi Valley during the afternoon hours on March 31, 2023, eventually tracking into the Mid-South by late afternoon. The first supercell that developed in the Mid-South produced an EF-3 that caused major damage in Wynne, Arkansas. Tornadic supercells continued to produce significant tornado damage across the Mid-South into the early morning hours of April 1, 2023. The hardest hit areas besides Wynne, Arkansas included Covington, Tennessee, and McNairy County, Tennessee. Overall, 14 tornadoes occurred across the Mid-South along with several reports of wind damage and measured damaging wind speeds. Eighteen people in the Mid-South lost their lives in this outbreak.

Tornado event in CARROLL County, TENNESSEE
Start: 31-MAR-23 21:10:00
End: 31-MAR-23 21:11:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 30.00K
Event narrative: A tornado briefly touched down off of US-70 along Highway 436. It ripped a few shingles off of a single-family home and then went on to down large limbs on trees. An occlusion led to the northward motion of the tornado as it damaged another roof of a home and then led to the major loss of roof panels to a small metal outbuilding before lifting. A special thanks goes out to Carroll County Emergency Management for their assistance in locating damage on the survey. Peak winds were estimated at 85 mph.