torre126/tornado-structure-data huggingface dataset:
Episode narrative: A shortwave disturbance and potent cold front brought multiple rounds of thunderstorms to Massachusetts in the afternoon and evening including a tornado in the Foxboro area. Flash flooding was also an issue with many cars becoming stuck in water and many closed roads.

Tornado event in NORFOLK County, MASSACHUSETTS
Start: 29-JUL-23 19:17:00
End: 29-JUL-23 19:18:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 5.00K
Event narrative: Tornado confirmed to have touched down in a small neighborhood in Foxboro near the Mansfield town line very close to the town of Easton.  Several locations on a west to east path in the neighborhood had several large trees up to 2 feet in diameter snapped at the trunk. Observed tree damage had a convergent pattern consistent with violently rotating winds. No major damage to homes was observed, but one chimney appeared to have been knocked over by a fallen tree. Path width was estimated to be around 25 yards. Path length of the surveyed damage points was just shy of 300 yards. Per radar data, a velocity couplet was over the surveyed neighborhood for only a minute or two before continuing east over conservation land. It is possible that the tornado was on the ground for longer, but surveyors were unable to access conservation land east of the last surveyed damage point. Additional significant  tree damage was found east of aforementioned conservation land in Easton,  but patterns were more consistent with west to east straight line winds.  This is also consistent with archived KBOX radar which displayed strong outbound (west to east) velocities over this area.
Episode narrative: A strong spring storm system moved through the area with ample instability and shear.  Numerous reports of severe weather were received across the tri-state area, including four tornadoes, two in southeast Alabama and two in southwest Georgia.

Tornado event in HOUSTON County, ALABAMA
Start: 03-APR-23 10:13:00
End: 03-APR-23 10:15:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 5.00K
Event narrative: Video evidence showed a brief tornado initially touched down on Appian Way.  An NWS survey crew then determined that this tornado moved southeastward across several streets in northwest Dothan before lifting at N Englewood Ave. Numerous trees were snapped and uprooted along its path with the greatest concentration found on Eldorado Dr. This tornado was rated as an EF1 with max winds estimated around 95 mph based on the tree damage.

Tornado event in DECATUR County, GEORGIA
Start: 03-APR-23 12:40:00
End: 03-APR-23 12:42:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A brief tornado developed near Lake Douglas road and moved rapidly east, crossing Alday Road before dissipating in a heavily wood area. Convergent tree damage was used to differentiate the tornado track from widespread straight-line wind damage surrounding the path. No structural damage was noted, but the tree damage was supportive of an EF1 rating with maximum winds of 100 to 105 mph.

Tornado event in DECATUR County, GEORGIA
Start: 03-APR-23 12:48:00
End: 03-APR-23 12:49:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 25.00K
Event narrative: A brief tornado developed near Salem Church road and Handville Road, damaging a farm and crossing a field before dissipating near Bradley Street, just north of Climax, Georgia. The tornado caused significant damage to trees and a farm equipment storage building along the path, pulling very heavy concrete footing from the ground. The damage was consistent with an EF1 tornado with winds of 90 to 95 mph.
Episode narrative: A strong spring storm system moved through the area with ample instability and shear for severe weather. Numerous reports of severe weather were received across the tri-state area.  Two tornadoes occurred across southwest Georgia, and seven tornadoes occurred across the eastern Florida panhandle and big bend.  An EF2 tornado produced significant damage in the town of Hosford, FL.

Tornado event in THOMAS County, GEORGIA
Start: 27-APR-23 17:11:00
End: 27-APR-23 17:13:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A brief tornado touched down along U.S. Highway 84 near Greenwood Plantation. The tornado caused extensive tree damage consistent with EF-1 winds of approximately 100 mph. The tornado just missed several homes just to the southeast and remained over wooded areas before dissipating as it crossed the U.S. 84 Bypass. Thanks to Thomas County EMA for assistance with the damage survey.

Tornado event in THOMAS County, GEORGIA
Start: 27-APR-23 17:20:00
End: 27-APR-23 17:27:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 5.00K
Event narrative: The same parent circulation that produced the tornado near Greenwood Plantation produced a second tornado which appears to have first touched down in the Holly Springs neighborhood. Damage was minimal with minor impacts to trees. The tornado remained very weak as it moved northeastward before intensifying near Egg and Butter Road. Numerous trees were snapped and uprooted at this location consistent with an EF-1 tornado with winds of approximately 90 mph. Damage to a barn was caused by falling trees. The tornado dissipated as it crossed Fredonia Road. Thanks to Thomas County EMA for assistance with the damage survey.

Tornado event in MADISON County, FLORIDA
Start: 27-APR-23 17:42:00
End: 27-APR-23 17:45:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A tornado touched down in a rural area of far western Madison county, snapping and uprooting numerous trees. No structures were impacted. The tornado is rated EF1 with max winds estimated at 95 mph based on the tree damage. We would like to thank the Madison County Emergency Management for providing pictures from the area.

Tornado event in GADSDEN County, FLORIDA
Start: 27-APR-23 17:14:00
End: 27-APR-23 17:18:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A brief tornado touchdown occurred in Gadsden County along County Road 12A. Numerous pine trees were snapped and uprooted near the intersection of CR-12A and Leslie Lewis Road. A few other trees were uprooted before the tornado dissipated just west of Concord Road. This tornado was rated EF0 with max winds estimated at 80 mph.
Episode narrative: A strong developing system over brought moist southerly winds across the north and central Georgia, creating isolated severe thunderstorms and flash flooding on the afternoon and evening of January 3rd.  The severe weather threat continued into Wednesday, January 4th, as the storm progressed eastward and brought a cold front across the area, producing isolated damaging wind gusts.

Tornado event in JEFFERSON County, GEORGIA
Start: 04-JAN-23 09:12:00
End: 04-JAN-23 09:18:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: The tornado touched down in central Jefferson county and produced minor damage to a couple warehouse buildings, farm equipment, and a school while also downing over a dozen trees between Louisville and Wren. The tornado touched down near the Ostro Steel building on Clarks Mill Rd where damage was sustained to the western wall of the metal building structure as well as to the heavy metal sign out front. The tornado then moved toward the ENE roughly along Mennonite Church Rd, where scattered trees were downed with minor damage to a metal roof structure. At the intersection of GA 296 and Warrior Trail an irrigation system was flipped over towards the north, indicating swirling winds. The tornado then moved towards the Jefferson County High School where the tornado quickly occluded, forcing strong rear-flank downdraft winds across the school as the tornado wrapped up to the north along US HWY 221. The winds over the school caused moderate damage to a softball field facility, destroying a shed, several signs, scoreboards, and the fencing around the field.
Episode narrative: A strong spring storm system moved through the area with ample instability and shear for severe weather. Numerous reports of severe weather were received across the tri-state area.  Two tornadoes occurred across southwest Georgia, and seven tornadoes occurred across the eastern Florida panhandle and big bend.  An EF2 tornado produced significant damage in the town of Hosford, FL.

Tornado event in CALHOUN County, FLORIDA
Start: 27-APR-23 14:33:00
End: 27-APR-23 14:35:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A well defined TDS occurred in a rural area in far southern Calhoun county. No structures were in the path to be impacted. This tornado was rated EF0 due to tree damage.

Tornado event in BAY County, FLORIDA
Start: 27-APR-23 14:04:00
End: 27-APR-23 14:05:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 200.00K
Event narrative: The tornado likely first touched down against the tree line along the bay across from A.L. Kinsaul Park. The initial damage included some roof damage to a gazebo where the panels were blown off. It looks like at the strongest damage point it was estimated that the tornado was 75 yards in width. Just across from the park to the northeast, the roof of a house was nearly completely destroyed. There was a carport attached to the roof which was demolished, and the roof was then lifted off and carried across maybe 20 yards across the street and impacted another house. This second house had the cars in the driveway lifted and turned a few feet. The home suffered structural damage to the front wall with cracks spreading towards the back of the home. These two homes appeared to suffered the most direct damage. Turning north down the road, the neighborhood had similar damage to siding of the homes as most of the damage came from a southwest to northeast direction. Snapped trees, patio furniture tossed, and broken windows were the most common impacts. Near the end of the path, a large shed's roof was lifted off and carried a few feet away. About 3/4 mile northeast of the start point, the tornado likely weakened as the damage becomes more minor consisting of roof siding damage and snapped twigs. On the northern sides of homes, hail damage was evident due to hail being driven onto the sides of homes on the north side of the tornado. This tornado was rated EF1 with max winds estimated at 110 mph. Total damage cost was estimated.

Tornado event in WAKULLA County, FLORIDA
Start: 27-APR-23 16:21:00
End: 27-APR-23 16:26:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A TDS occurred in northwestern Wakulla county in a rural, forested area with no structures to impact. This tornado was rated EF0 due to tree damage.
Episode narrative: A powerful storm system, with highly anomalous magnitudes of wind shear and moisture for late February, impacted the forecast area on the evening of the 26th. A broken line of severe thunderstorms developed across the eastern Texas Panhandle/far western Oklahoma and quickly swept through much of the forecast area. Widespread wind damage, including gusts near 90 mph, along with a record number of tornadoes (13) for February occurred. Several reports of large hail were also received. Behind the line of thunderstorms, a tight pressure gradient and strong westerly low-level jet allowed widespread 50-60 mph winds gusts to continue through the late evening hours.

Tornado event in ALFALFA County, OKLAHOMA
Start: 26-FEB-23 20:31:00
End: 26-FEB-23 20:32:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 10.00K
Event narrative: A tornado northwest of Amorita significantly damaged a barn. This tornado may have persisted longer, but no additional damage was observed in this very rural area.
Episode narrative: A round of strong to severe thunderstorms impacted western Kentucky during the late night and early morning hours of Jan. 11-12. The storms produced some gusty winds and even a tornado just after they crossed the Mississippi River into extreme southern Illinois and extreme west Kentucky. The main hazard then transitioned to large hail across much of western Kentucky. The storms were organized into clusters and occasionally line segments. The storms occurred along a warm front as it tracked northward across western Kentucky into the lower Ohio Valley. Steep lapse rates aloft and strong deep-layer wind shear were supportive of elevated hailers. An isolated tornado threat existed due to modest instability as boundary layer dew points rose into the upper 50's to near 60 degrees.

Tornado event in MCCRACKEN County, KENTUCKY
Start: 12-JAN-23 02:07:00
End: 12-JAN-23 02:08:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: The tornado crossed from Ballard County into the extreme northwest corner of McCracken County. There was no observed damage in McCracken County. The tornado was over dormant farmland before crossing the Ohio River into Massac County, Illinois.
Episode narrative: A vigorous upper level trough traversed east through the Desert Southwest and into the Southern Rockies January 1st, before ejecting northeast across the Texas/Oklahoma Panhandles into Western Kansas on the 2nd. In advance of this trough, rich low level moisture quickly spread northward from the Gulf of Mexico across East Texas, North Louisiana, and Southern Arkansas, along a strong southerly low level jet that developed ahead of a deepening surface low over Southeast Colorado and Western Kansas. With the trough taking on a more negative tilt as it ejected northeast across the Panhandle region, a dryline mixed east to the I-35 corridor of North-central Texas by early evening, and into East Texas and Eastern Oklahoma during the evening and overnight hours. Large scale forcing increased well ahead of the approaching upper trough across the expanding moist sector from the late morning through the afternoon and evening hours of the 2nd, with scattered to numerous showers and thunderstorms developing across portions of Deep East Texas, North Louisiana, and Southern Arkansas. Increasing instability due to diurnal heating within a strongly sheared and moist air mass resulted in the gradual development of strong to severe thunderstorms across these areas, with locally heavy rain falling over areas where the storms moved repeatedly over the same areas. Rainfall amounts ranged from 1-3 inches across much of Southwest Arkansas, with isolated higher totals in excess of 4-5+ inches observed especially over Southern Lafayette, much of Columbia and Union Counties. This resulted in areas of flash flooding across portions of Southern Arkansas from the afternoon through the early morning hours on the 3rd, with a brief tornado also spawning across Central Union County north of El Dorado.

Tornado event in UNION County, ARKANSAS
Start: 02-JAN-23 11:47:00
End: 02-JAN-23 11:48:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 25.00K
Event narrative: An EF-1 tornado with estimated maximum winds near 105 mph touched down about 3 miles southwest of Norphlet, just southwest of the intersection of Murphy Loop and Shady Grove Road. The tornado tracked northeast over the span of approximately one minute, snapping and uprooting several hardwood and softwood trees and causing minor damage to structures resulting mainly from the impacts of the fallen trees. The damage path ended just to the southeast of the intersection of Shady Grove Road, Murphy Loop, and Burchfield Road.
Episode narrative: A warm front lifted northward across SE GA during the morning and placed the entire forecast area within the warm sector ahead of an approaching pre-frontal squall line. Strong SSW speed shear was over the area with 0-6 km bulk shear 50-60 kts across SE GA to 40-50 kts southward across NE FL. Warm and unstable conditions pushed northward to near Waycross into the afternoon with ML CAPE 1000-1500 J/kg as the pre-frontal convection approached into the late afternoon and early evening.  Strong to severe storms moved across the local area during the late afternoon and early evening producing wind damage and a couple of tornadoes in SE GA.

Tornado event in COFFEE County, GEORGIA
Start: 22-JAN-23 18:11:00
End: 22-JAN-23 18:14:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: A tornado touched down southeast of Douglas, GA near Twentynine Mile Creek in Coffee county. The tornado tracked NE across farmland and produced damage to multiple large barns. The tornado continued to track NE and crossed Racoon Bridge Road where a double-wide mobile home as pushed off of its piers and large trees were snapped and uprooted. This damage was consistent with EF1 damage. Damaged continued along Burl Mill Road where more large trees were downed and a home sustained roof damage. As the tornado approached GA Highway 158 it weakened with only small trees and branches damaged in the area. Peak winds were estimated around 90 mph.
Episode narrative: A line of strong thunderstorms moved into north and central Georgia during the afternoon through the evening on Thursday, January 12th and spawned numerous tornadoes, including several that were long track and significant. Ahead of this line, a few supercells also spawned tornadoes in portions of central and eastern Georgia.  Upon further examination of radar data and high resolution areal imagery, it was found that several tornadoes rotated around and within a larger vortex and caused the widespread damage in the area near Griffin GA, over 2 miles wide in some cases.   The result was that as many as 4 tornadoes were on the ground simultaneously in SW Spalding County, which were rotating around the larger circulation, merging together in several cases and crossing paths. The presence of 3 mergers was identified in the reanalysis. Additional analysis revealed that wind speeds in the EF3 storm reached as high as 155mph or high end EF3.  This confirmed a total of 14 tornadoes, including 10 which resulted from the same storm/larger mesocyclone.

Tornado event in WILCOX County, GEORGIA
Start: 12-JAN-23 19:03:00
End: 12-JAN-23 19:07:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: This tornado touched down along Ga Hwy 233, just southwest of US Hwy 129 near the Cedar Creek Baptist Church and Cemetery, where a couple dozen trees were snapped and uprooted along a northeastern path. Once the tornado crossed east of US Hwy 129, it moved into an inaccessible area near the Ocmulgee River. From there, radar data was used to estimate the rest of the path with minor damage found on the east side of the Ocmulgee River.
Episode narrative: Unseasonably warm, moist, and unstable air was in place across eastern Oklahoma on January 2nd, ahead of an approaching cold front and strong upper level disturbance. Strong to severe thunderstorms developed into and across eastern Oklahoma during the afternoon and evening. The moderately unstable air combined with strong deep-layer and low-level wind shear resulted in the evolution of some of the thunderstorms into supercells. Several of these supercells produced tornadoes, along with large hail up to ping pong ball size and damaging wind gusts.

Tornado event in OSAGE County, OKLAHOMA
Start: 02-JAN-23 16:37:00
End: 02-JAN-23 16:38:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A tornado was witnessed by multiple people from multiple locations. The tornado was over open country, and no known damage occurred.
Episode narrative: A warm front lifted northward across SE GA during the morning and placed the entire forecast area within the warm sector ahead of an approaching pre-frontal squall line. Strong SSW speed shear was over the area with 0-6 km bulk shear 50-60 kts across SE GA to 40-50 kts southward across NE FL. Warm and unstable conditions pushed northward to near Waycross into the afternoon with ML CAPE 1000-1500 J/kg as the pre-frontal convection approached into the late afternoon and early evening.  Strong to severe storms moved across the local area during the late afternoon and early evening producing wind damage and a couple of tornadoes in SE GA.

Tornado event in BACON County, GEORGIA
Start: 22-JAN-23 18:32:00
End: 22-JAN-23 18:42:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: A tornado touched down NE of Alma GA near the Bennett Still Highway in Bacon County. The tornado tracked NE about 3.5 miles and crossed the Dedge Farm Road and Mallard Road. The tornado track then shifted more east to northeast and passed Whip-Poor-Will Way and crossed Oak Hill Church Road. It then weakened as it crossed the Big Satilla Creek and traveled into Appling County. Areas of large trees, snapped at the base and uprooted, were observed along the entire damage path. There was moderate structure damage near the Bacon and Appling county line which included a trailer tipped over onto an adjacent vehicle at Cardinal Road. There was also a collapsed barn roof on Red Oak Road. Peak winds were estimated at 104 mph with this tornado documented as an EF1.
Episode narrative: Storms that formed into a line track from southwest to northeast up the Tennessee Valley. Within this line, some stronger embedded storms produced straight line wind damage and weak, short-lived tornadoes.

Tornado event in JEFFERSON County, TENNESSEE
Start: 12-JAN-23 13:14:00
End: 12-JAN-23 13:15:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: The tornado developed west of Dandridge and crossed Deep Springs Road. It dissipated on the east side of Deep Springs Road near Ranch Road. Maximum wind speeds were estimated at 70 mph.

Tornado event in JEFFERSON County, TENNESSEE
Start: 12-JAN-23 13:26:00
End: 12-JAN-23 13:28:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: The tornado touched down near Harrison Ferry Road and moved east-northeast toward Highway 25E. It crossed the highway, resulting in downed trees and power lines before dissipating on the east side of Highway 25E. Maximum estimated wind speeds were around 80 mph.
Episode narrative: Unseasonably warm, moist, and unstable air was in place across eastern Oklahoma on January 2nd, ahead of an approaching cold front and strong upper level disturbance. Strong to severe thunderstorms developed into and across eastern Oklahoma during the afternoon and evening. The moderately unstable air combined with strong deep-layer and low-level wind shear resulted in the evolution of some of the thunderstorms into supercells. Several of these supercells produced tornadoes, along with large hail up to ping pong ball size and damaging wind gusts.

Tornado event in OTTAWA County, OKLAHOMA
Start: 02-JAN-23 18:23:00
End: 02-JAN-23 18:25:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 75.00K
Event narrative: This brief tornado developed near the 560 Road, south of the 210 Road, where several outbuildings were damaged or destroyed, and large tree limbs were snapped. The tornado moved northeast and uprooted trees, before dissipating prior to reaching the 210 Road. Based on this damage, maximum estimated wind in the tornado was 90 to 95 mph.

Tornado event in SEQUOYAH County, OKLAHOMA
Start: 02-JAN-23 19:25:00
End: 02-JAN-23 19:30:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: Multiple people witnessed a tornado near Tamaha. The tornado appears to have developed over, and remained on, Robert S Kerr Reservoir. No known damage occurred.
Episode narrative: A prefrontal band of showers and thunderstorms produced some wind damage, as well as several tornadoes in the central Midlands of SC in the morning.

Tornado event in AIKEN County, SOUTH CAROLINA
Start: 04-JAN-23 10:27:00
End: 04-JAN-23 10:30:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: A National Weather Service survey team confirmed an EF-0 tornado with peak winds of 80 mph that tracked south of Wagener in Aiken County. The tornado started near Stonemill Road, crossing Holiness Church Road then moved northeast across South Dixie Road and dissipated near Jeffcoat Road. Over the 3.5 mile track, the tornado destroyed a dock outbuilding and snapped and uprooted multiple pine trees particularly along Otis Baughman Sr Road.