torre126/tornado-structure-data huggingface dataset:
Episode narrative: July 28th saw two rounds of severe storms move across the Chicago metro, one during the predawn hours of the morning and another during the evening. The first round brought isolated instances of damaging wind to the area and the second featured damaging winds, severe hail, and 13 tornadoes across the WFO Chicago CWA: 11 in Illinois and 2 in Indiana. Additionally, temperatures in the 90s and high humidity resulted in oppressively hot conditions with afternoon heat indices as high as 105-115ï¿½ï¿½F.

Tornado event in DE KALB County, ILLINOIS
Start: 28-JUL-23 21:32:00
End: 28-JUL-23 21:33:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: According to high resolution satellite imagery and drone imagery provided by a private citizen, a brief tornado touched down near Harvey Creek Conservation Area Park on the southeast side of Sandwich. The tornado moved to the east-northeast crossing into Kendall County shortly after forming. The storm mainly impacted agricultural land but caused roof damage to an outbuilding south of Griswold Springs Road.
Episode narrative: Thunderstorms developed along a warm front as a low pressure system moved through the region.

Tornado event in BUTLER County, OHIO
Start: 14-AUG-23 18:50:00
End: 14-AUG-23 18:54:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 3.00K
Event narrative: The tornado first touched down in the vicinity of Chrisholm MetroPark in the Historical Farmstead Area north of Woodsdale Road. At the park, tree damage was observed within the northeast section of the park. The next evidence of the tornado was found south of the Great Miami River in a neighborhood west of the Wright Brothers Memorial Highway. Security camera video from a residence on Dedham Drive shows a circulation quickly moving through the area, tossing light debris. Small tree limbs were also reported down in the neighborhood.
Episode narrative: Surface low pressure system tracked across the North Dakota/South Dakota border creating an environment supporting the threat for low top supercells in Southeastern North Dakota into adjacent West Central Minnesota. Several low-top supercells developed and tracked along portions of the Minnesota Red River Valley. Portions of Norman, Polk, Becker, and Mahnomen counties saw multiple tornadoes. Large hail and damaging winds accompanied some of these storms, and flash flooding in some locations as well.

Tornado event in POLK County, MINNESOTA
Start: 24-JUN-23 15:44:00
End: 24-JUN-23 15:46:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: A spotter reported another touchdown near Beltrami MN. It occurred in open fields, which mitigated any damage. Therefore, the rating of EF-U has been assigned with estimated path width and length.

Tornado event in POLK County, MINNESOTA
Start: 24-JUN-23 15:49:00
End: 24-JUN-23 15:52:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: Spotter called about a tornado forming in a field. Subsequent video showed the tornado lifting in the field at the end point. It occurred remained in an open field, which mitigated any damage. Therefore, the rating of EF-U has been assigned with an estimated path width and length.
Episode narrative: Two rounds of convection moved across Iowa in quick succession beginning in the pre-dawn hours of July 12th. This first was an area of convection that developed along an elevated boundary into northwest Iowa. While this area of storms mainly remained sub-severe, severe hail did fall across central Iowa near 6 am. At the same time a MCS moved out of the Dakotas and into western Iowa, moving quickly and eventually merging with the first area of storms. This second round developed into a line of storms with winds gusting up to 70 mph, fueled by the low level jet. Orientation of 0-3 km shear was favorable for quick spin-ups and two weaker tornadoes did form in Cass county that morning. With deep warm cloud layers over 4000 meters and precipitable water nearing 2, areas that received rain in both rounds received two to four inches by the time storms ended late in the morning. An isolated pocket of four to six inches fell in Greene and Boone counties, creating flash flooding in the area.

Tornado event in CASS County, IOWA
Start: 12-JUL-23 05:38:00
End: 12-JUL-23 05:40:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: Tornado was indicated by a Correlation Coefficient depression on radar and also verified through high resolution satellite imagery north of Marne.  The tornado remained in mostly open cropland although some EF0 tree damage was done to a tree line along the edge of one of the fields.

Tornado event in CASS County, IOWA
Start: 12-JUL-23 05:39:00
End: 12-JUL-23 05:42:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 5.00K
Event narrative: Damage from this tornado was relayed by the Cass County Emergency Manager and the path was also found in high resolution satellite imagery.  Some minor damage to trees and outbuildings occurred at one farmstead east of Marne with the remainder of the path through open cropland.
Episode narrative: July 28th saw two rounds of severe storms move across the Chicago metro, one during the predawn hours of the morning and another during the evening. The first round brought isolated instances of damaging wind to the area and the second featured damaging winds, severe hail, and 13 tornadoes across the WFO Chicago CWA: 11 in Illinois and 2 in Indiana. Additionally, temperatures in the 90s and high humidity resulted in oppressively hot conditions with afternoon heat indices as high as 105-115ï¿½ï¿½F.

Tornado event in KENDALL County, ILLINOIS
Start: 28-JUL-23 21:44:00
End: 28-JUL-23 21:45:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A brief EF-0 tornado touched down in corn fields just east of Highway 47 and north of Whitewillow Rd east of Lisbon. It was on the ground for only a short time before lifting at Whitewillow Rd and Ashley Rd. Damage was confined to crops and a few trees which had large limbs broken off. High resolution satellite data showed a clear path in a corn field that corresponded to damage seen during an in-person damage survey, east of a tornado that lifted to the west. A gap in damage was noted between the tornado to the west and this tornado, giving confidence there were two separate tornadoes.
Episode narrative: A strong cold front combined with a potent upper-level disturbance moved across the Mid-South during the evening of June 11, 2023. Daytime heating ahead of the front produced moderate instability while the upper-level disturbance resulted in increased amounts of wind shear. As a result, numerous thunderstorms developed and moved across the region producing large hail, damaging winds, and even a tornado.

Tornado event in CHICKASAW County, MISSISSIPPI
Start: 11-JUN-23 20:34:00
End: 11-JUN-23 20:36:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 50.00K
Event narrative: This short-lived tornado initially touched down in a field just to the northwest of a mobile home on County Road 416, where a couple of trees were uprooted. The tornado then proceeded to damage a single-wide mobile home. The mobile home sustained significant roof removal and one of its walls partially collapsed. Additionally, the mobile home slid off of its foundation blocks and an attached patio partially collapsed. The tornado then traveled south-southeast across County Road 416 scattering debris from the mobile home into nearby trees and snapping several pine trees along the roadway. An adjacent single-story home received minor roof damage and partial uplift of its front porch along with a tossed carport. The tornado then traveled through a field and partially removed a metal roof from an outbuilding at a single-family residence before lifting.
Episode narrative: As a strong mid-level jet streak pushed northeast ahead of an upper-level low pressure area in southwest South Dakota, numerous thunderstorms developed along a weak surface boundary during the mid to late afternoon hours in far eastern South Dakota.  While instability was somewhat limited at a maximum of around 1000 J/kg, a very low LCL and concentration of 0-1 km bulk shear supported the development of four brief tornadoes.

Tornado event in BROOKINGS County, SOUTH DAKOTA
Start: 23-SEP-23 15:04:00
End: 23-SEP-23 15:08:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: Multiple storm chasers witnessed a tornado develop in an open field south of 202nd Street and west of 470th Avenue.  The tornado tracked very slowly north-northeast with the track defined by field debris circulating near the surface. The tornado lifted just west of 470th Avenue around one-half mile north of 202nd Street. The average path width was estimated at 15 yards with a maximum width of 20 yards. However, the lack of damage indicators did not allow for a rating of this tornado.
Episode narrative: July 28th saw two rounds of severe storms move across the Chicago metro, one during the predawn hours of the morning and another during the evening. The first round brought isolated instances of damaging wind to the area and the second featured damaging winds, severe hail, and 13 tornadoes across the WFO Chicago CWA: 11 in Illinois and 2 in Indiana. Additionally, temperatures in the 90s and high humidity resulted in oppressively hot conditions with afternoon heat indices as high as 105-115ï¿½ï¿½F.

Tornado event in KENDALL County, ILLINOIS
Start: 28-JUL-23 21:33:00
End: 28-JUL-23 21:34:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: According to high resolution satellite imagery and drone imagery provided by a private citizen, a brief tornado touched down near Harvey Creek Conservation Area Park on the southeast side of Sandwich. The tornado moved to the east-northeast crossing into Kendall County shortly after forming. The storm mainly impacted agricultural land but caused roof damage to an outbuilding south of Griswold Springs Road.
Episode narrative: Severe storms developed along a slowly moving frontal boundary on the afternoon of September 25, producing wind damage across the region. The area around Edna was especially hard hit with widespread wind damage and a brief tornado.

Tornado event in JACKSON County, TEXAS
Start: 25-SEP-23 19:01:00
End: 25-SEP-23 19:02:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 200.00K
Event narrative: Eye witness observed small funnel passing over eastern end of Cottonwood Apartments, damaging a building there, then proceeding to strike a metal storage unit. Swirling tin, debris was observed.
Episode narrative: During the late afternoon into early evening scattered thunderstorms moved across Northwest Kansas.  The strongest thunderstorm produced wind gusts up to 68 MPH near Ludell.  Further west two colliding boundaries produced a short-lived landspout tornado north of Weskan.  The largest hail for the day was reported north of Colby.

Tornado event in WALLACE County, KANSAS
Start: 10-JUL-23 16:40:00
End: 10-JUL-23 16:45:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: Landspout tornado reported in the northern part of the county where two boundaries were colliding.  No damage was reported due to the landspout remaining over open country.
Episode narrative: During the evening of July 12, scattered thunderstorms dropped 13 tornadoes across far northeast Illinois, primarily within the west of northwest suburbs of Chicago. Of these 13 tornadoes, three were determined to be EF-1 with the remaining 10 being EF-0.

Tornado event in COOK County, ILLINOIS
Start: 12-JUL-23 17:59:00
End: 12-JUL-23 18:00:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: This EF-0 touched down on the far northeast side of Itasca near the intersection of Prospect Ave and Thorndale Ave. It then tracked east-northeastward through a large industrial park in Wood Dale, Bensenville, and Elk Grove Village, where it caused minor damage to the roofs and fascia of a few warehouses and sporadic tree damage, which was most concentrated and severe near the intersection of Lively Blvd. and Kirk St. Eyewitness reports suggest that the tornado may have lifted intermittently along its track before it lifted for good east of Elmhurst Rd. over the far northwest side of Oï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Hare Airport.
Episode narrative: An intense, long-lived supercell initially developed near the town of Chugwater over the higher terrain of the central Laramie Range around 3:00 PM on 6/23, tracking to the east-southeast across southern Platte and Goshen Counties through approximately 7:00 PM. A small, terrain-driven area of low pressure and resultant cyclonic flow resulted in moisture pooling and backed, easterly near-surface flow near the track of the storm which resulted in a favorable environment for tornadoes. The cyclic supercell produced 5 separate confirmed tornadoes, most notably including an EF-2 tornado which developed near the town of Hawk Springs. A swath of large hail up to two inches in diameter also occurred with this storm. A separate storm over far northwestern Converse County also produced a brief tornado that afternoon. A second round of strong to severe thunderstorms impacted Platte and Goshen Counties later in the day.

Tornado event in GOSHEN County, WYOMING
Start: 23-JUN-23 17:03:00
End: 23-JUN-23 17:04:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: Numerous photos and video from storm spotters of a brief tornado touchdown over open country. No damage was reported. Confirmed by official NWS Storm Survey.
Episode narrative: Storms moved through NW MN in the afternoon hours of July 19th. They produced hail up to golf ball sized and a brief touchdown in Beltrami county.

Tornado event in BELTRAMI County, MINNESOTA
Start: 19-JUL-23 13:30:00
End: 19-JUL-23 13:35:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: Public report into the 911 call center of a brief touchdown northeast of Tenstrike. Time estimated from radar. Due to the rural nature of the area, no damage could be discerned resulting in an EFU rating.
Episode narrative: An old thunderstorm complex moving across the area from the prior evening of the 18th entered a more favorable environment by midday and developed a tornado that tracked several miles over the northern Coastal Plain of central NC. Numerous reports of damage to trees and structures confirmed the tornado as it moved from near Nashville, North Carolina to near Battleboro, North Carolina, Continuing northeast to Scotland Neck. The Tornado produced EF3 damage, with up to 150 mph. Additionally, a boundary over the Sandhills to southern Coastal Plain brought several reports of downed trees and powerlines, along with isolated flash flooding in Cumberland County.

Tornado event in EDGECOMBE County, NORTH CAROLINA
Start: 19-JUL-23 11:42:00
End: 19-JUL-23 11:58:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 250.00K
Event narrative: The tornado then weakened slightly as it crossed into Edgecombe County causing damage to a metal structure before lifting 9 miles east-northeast of Battleboro, NC.
Episode narrative: The approach of an anomalously strong (for mid-June) upper-level disturbance lead to a widespread severe weather outbreak across portions of the forecast area, especially along and west of the I-35 corridor, during the afternoon into late evening of the 15th. This included the development of numerous supercell thunderstorms across the area. Despite relatively high cloud bases, strong low-level instability and sufficient low-level wind shear aided tornadic outcomes, with eleven tornadoes confirmed across western into southern Oklahoma. Numerous reports of large to very large hail, including reports of 4-inch hail in Lawton, and wind damage were received across area.

Tornado event in ELLIS County, OKLAHOMA
Start: 15-JUN-23 17:31:00
End: 15-JUN-23 17:35:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 10.00K
Event narrative: This tornado moved into Ellis County from Lipscomb County Texas (see entry in Texas panhandle from NWS Amarillo). In Oklahoma, this tornado produced scattered tree damage as it moved east-southeast, including snapping or uprooting trees at it approached County Road 171.
Episode narrative: An anomalously strong mid- and upper-level trough for early July was centered over the Plains and gradually moved eastward toward the Ohio Valley on July 1st and 2nd, 2023. A meandering surface frontal boundary gradually became more well defined throughout this period, with a warm front lifting through the Ohio Valley on July 1st before a series of remnant outflow boundaries and a convectively-enhanced cold frontal passage occurred July 2nd into the morning hours of July 3rd. Across central Kentucky and southern Indiana, there was ample fuel for convection, as temperatures in the mid-to-upper 80s and lower 90s and dewpoints in the low-to-mid 60s allowed for the development of over 2500 J/kg of mixed-layer CAPE. Since there was initially no predominant organizing feature for convection, multiple waves of showers and thunderstorms moved across the region on July 1st, producing intermittent instances of damaging straight-line winds and near-severe hail, primarily across southern Indiana. However, as the main trough and the surface cold front moved into the region on July 2nd, convection was better organized thanks to 40-45 knots of effective bulk shear in addition to moderate to high levels of instability. Convective development on July 2nd began during the early afternoon hours across southwestern Indiana and western Kentucky. Initially, convective mode was predominantly cellular, but cells gradually grew upscale through the afternoon into clusters and larger quasi-linear structures. Downdraft CAPE was over 1000 J/kg and significant hail parameter values exceeded 1 through most of the area; accordingly, strong to damaging winds and hail were the primary severe hazards observed during the afternoon and evening hours on July 2nd. However, there was just enough low-level helicity to facilitate the development of two weak tornadoes, one in Anderson County and the other in Casey County. Storms gradually subsided after sunset, with the severe threat ending across the region by midnight on July 3rd.

Tornado event in CASEY County, KENTUCKY
Start: 02-JUL-23 18:55:00
End: 02-JUL-23 18:56:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: The National Weather Service conducted a storm survey of damage to a  property off of Wilson Ridge Road. There a well-built home with a metal roof  had its roof peeled off in the middle section of the home. In that same area,  an attached back porch awning was also lifted and completely detached from  the house. Some thick siding was removed from the home as well. Damage  in this area was consistent with an EF-1 tornado with winds of 100-105 mph.  The homeowner stated the damage occurred a little before eight o`clock,  which is important given multiple storms moving across the area over that hour.  Time that the tornado was on the ground was brief. Homeowner noted a small  gap in the tree line north of the house which we believe was the starting point.  Damage went downstream into a field of soybeans, but there was no apparent path in the soybeans themselves.
Episode narrative: As a strong mid-level jet streak pushed northeast ahead of an upper-level low pressure area in southwest South Dakota, numerous thunderstorms developed along a weak surface boundary during the mid to late afternoon hours in far eastern South Dakota.  While instability was somewhat limited at a maximum of around 1000 J/kg, a very low LCL and concentration of 0-1 km bulk shear supported the development of four brief tornadoes.

Tornado event in BROOKINGS County, SOUTH DAKOTA
Start: 23-SEP-23 14:54:00
End: 23-SEP-23 14:59:00
Direct deaths: 0
Event narrative: Multiple storm chasers reported development of swirling debris at the surface below a funnel cloud north of 205th Street and east of 468th Avenue around 3 miles east-southeast of Bruce.  Debris was witnessed near the surface as the slow-moving tornado tracked for a few minutes northeast through an open field. The tornado lifted just south of 204th Street.  The average path width was estimated at 15 yards with a maximum width of 20 yards. However, the lack of damage indicators did not allow for a rating of this tornado.
Episode narrative: A strong storm system swept across the Mid-South on December 9, 2023, driven by a deep longwave trough and closed upper-level low-pressure system. In the early morning hours, a cold front slowly began moving east across Arkansas and Tennessee. Ahead of this boundary, warm and moist air from the Gulf of Mexico was efficiently transported to the Mid-South as surface dew points climbed into the low and mid-60s by 9 am. By mid-morning, a line of sub-severe storms formed in northeast Arkansas. As this line pushed east of the Mississippi River, storms encountered an environment favorable for severe weather.  A strong supercell went on to produce large hail and an EF-1 tornado in Gibson and Weakley counties in Tennessee. New supercells formed in southeast Arkansas by late morning and immediately began producing large hail as they moved east into northern Mississippi. Hailstones of golf ball size and larger were the main attributes of these supercells. Most notable were several baseball size (2.75 inch) reports across portions of northwest Mississippi and a softball size hailstone (4.0 inch) report near Byhalia, MS. Baseball size hail is not uncommon in the Mid-South, but it tends to occur mainly in the springtime. This hail event entered the record books as the largest outbreak of significant hail (2.0 inches or greater) in December history across the Mid-South.

Tornado event in WEAKLEY County, TENNESSEE
Start: 09-DEC-23 11:44:00
End: 09-DEC-23 12:03:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 500.00K
Event narrative: This tornado moved from Gibson County into Weakley County northwest of Greenfield where more hardwood tree damage was observed along with snapped wooden power poles. The tornado continued to the northeast, south of Sharon, passing to the north of the Middle Fork Obion River. A concentrated area of damage was noted south of Dresden on Summers Road. A double-wide trailer rolled off its foundation resulting in two injuries. Businesses on Evergreen Street sustained minor roof damage. Minor roof damage was also observed at the National Guard Armory on Highway 22. The tornado dissipated just east of Highway 22. Peak winds were estimated at 110 mph in Weakley County.
Episode narrative: An upper-level low off the coast of California helped funnel in subtropical moisture into the state resulting in the development of widespread showers and storms across central and eastern New Mexico June 5th and 6th. Reports of severe weather and flash flooding stretched from the Rio Grande Valley across portions of eastern NM on June 5th. These reports ranged from a landspout tornado near the Petroglyph National Monument and Nara Visa, NM to flash flooding. Another round of severe weather began in the afternoon of June 6th producing more widespread reports over the same area of the state. Reports ranged from burn scar flash flooding within the Hermits Peak/Calf Canyon burn scar and Santa Rosa, to large hail over parts of San Miguel County.

Tornado event in BERNALILLO County, NEW MEXICO
Start: 05-JUN-23 17:00:00
End: 05-JUN-23 17:05:00
Direct deaths: 0
Property damage: 0.00K
Event narrative: A brief landspout tornado was spotted on the mesa above Petroglyph National Monument. No damage occurred. Exact time and location were estimated. Report relayed via KRQE.