Question: how can kpis be established?
Answer: 5 Steps to Actionable Key Performance Indicators. ... 
Step 1: Establish Goals & Objectives. ... 
Step 2: Establish Critical Success Factors (CSF) from the Goals & Objectives. ... 
Step 3: Establish Key Performance Indicator (KPI) from CSF. ... 
Step 4: Collect Measures. ... 
Step 5: Calculate Metrics from Measures.