Question: how did ulfric learn to shout?
Answer: Long before he used it on Torygg, Ulfric blasted forsworn off the walls of Markarth with it when he helped retake the city from the rebels. He learned it while studying with the Greybeards, which he's done for several years. ... Ulfric says he shouted him down to the ground and then stabbed him with his sword.