Question: what countries are represented in lord of the rings?
Answer: I would describe them as such based on Tolkien's perceptions:
Gondor: Eastern Roman Empire.
Arnor: Western Roman Empire. ... 
Rohan: Anglo-Saxon England.
Mordor: I would say the third Reich or Ottoman empire but Tolkien was not fond of allegories. ... 
Harad: North Africa (berbers) or Arabia.
Rhun: Persia or Turkic nomadic peoples.