Question: what are the endocrine functions of the kidney?
Answer: The kidney has multiple endocrine roles; it secretes various hormones and humoral factors: the hormones of the renin- angiotensin system (RAS), erythropoietin (EPO), and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3. It also produces enzymes, such as kallikreins, which produce hormones in other, distant sites.