Question: what is the formula to get the percentage?
Answer: Convert the problem to an equation using the percentage formula: Y/X = P%
X is 60, Y is 12, so the equation is 12/60 = P%
Do the math: 12/60 = 0.20.
Important! ... 
Converting 0.20 to a percent: 0.20 * 100 = 20%
So 20% of 60 is 12.