Question: how are hfref and hfpef different?
Answer: HFrEF, mostly occurs in male patients and is the consequence of cardiomyocyte loss. In contrast, HFpEF is often diagnosed in elderly female patients, who suffer from (a cluster of) non-cardiac comorbidities, such as hypertension, T2DM, stroke, anaemia, pulmonary disease, liver disease, sleep apnoea, gout, and cancer.