Question: what causes hiccups in dying patients?
Answer: The causes of hiccups in palliative care settings include gastric stasis and distention (the most common causes), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), metabolic disturbances (e.g., uraemia, hypercalcaemia or hyponatremia), infection, local factors causing irritation of the diaphragm or phrenic nerve, hepatic disease ...