tokens: The effect of aniracetam ( Ro 13-5057 , 1-anisoyl-2-pyrrolidinone ) was studied on various forms of experimentally impaired cognitive functions ( learning and memory ) in rodents and produced the following effects :( 1 ) almost complete prevention of the incapacity to learn a discrete escape response in rats exposed to sublethal hypercapnia immediately before the acquisition session ;( 2 ) partial ( rats ) or complete ( mice ) prevention of the scopolamine - induced short - term amnesia for a passive avoidance task ;( 3 ) complete protection against amnesia for a passive avoidance task in rats submitted to electroconvulsive shock immediately after avoidance acquisition ;( 4 ) prevention of the long - term retention - or retrieval - deficit for a passive avoidance task induced in rats and mice by chloramphenicol or cycloheximide administered immediately after acquisition ;( 5 ) reversal , when administered as late as 1 h before the retention test , of the deficit in retention or retrieval of a passive avoidance task induced by cycloheximide injected 2 days previously ;( 6 ) prevention of the deficit in the retrieval of an active avoidance task induced in mice by subconvulsant electroshock or hypercapnia applied immediately before retrieval testing ( 24 h after acquisition ). These improvements or normalizations of impaired cognitive functions were seen at oral aniracetam doses of 10 - 100 mg / kg .