timescale/wikipedia-22-12-simple-embeddings huggingface dataset:
Another late-cycle revision of the Wii (also called the RVL-201) was announced on November 27, 2012. As its name suggests, the Wii Mini is the smallest model of the Wii. Like the Family Edition, it is not compatible with GameCube games and its accessories. In addition, it also does not have online features and several built-in channels, such as the Photo Channel and the Weather Channel, similar to the Wii Mode on the Wii U. It also can only sit horizontally. The main feature is its notable redesign. Unlike the original Wii and Family Edition which are mostly white, the Wii Mini is black with a red framing. All the buttons are located on the top of the console and it lacks online support for Wii games. Additionally, the Wii Mini has a manually operated top-loading disc drive (similar to that of the GameCube) instead of the slots that former models have. The console launched in Canada on December 7, 2012 for $99.99. It was then released in Europe on March 15, 2013 at a cost of at least $79.99. It was then launched UK on March 22, 2013 for $99.99. It was finally launched in North America on November 17, 2013, bundled with a red Wii Remote Plus and a red Nunchuk for $99.99. Like its predecessor, the Wii Mini was not released in any Asian countries and it and it was not released in Australia either. The Wii Mini is the third home Nintendo console since the SNES and NES to receive a redesign right after its respective successors launched though the NES 101 model launched 2 years after the SNES launched. The "N64" received no redesigns of any kind and the GameCube had a small revision which lacked the unused Serial Port 2 (though the cover still remains) and the unpopular Digital AV Out port.
The Bhagavad Gita is one of the holy books of Hinduism. It was composed about two thousand years ago as part of the Mahabharata. It has teachings said to be given by Lord Sri Krishna who is the Supreme God. In the book (Bhagvat Gita), Krishna is talking to Arjuna, an Archer, before the kurukshetra war begins. Krishna tells Arjuna that he must perform his duty (called dharma) and go to fight. Arjuna hesitates because he is fighting his family, but in the end he listens to Krishna. He will not be led into the underworld for ever for his sins because he will not be reincarnated through Moksha.
Fresh peas are often eaten boiled and flavored with butter and/or spearmint as a side dish vegetable. Salt is also commonly added to peas when served. Fresh peas are also used in pot pies, salads and casseroles. Pod peas (particularly sweet cultivars called "mangetout" and "sugar peas", or the flatter "snow peas," called "hé lán dòu", 荷兰豆 in Chinese) are used in stir fried dishes, particularly those in American Chinese cuisine. Pea pods do not keep well once picked, and if not used quickly are best preserved by drying, canning or freezing within a few hours of harvest.
Ozai (also known as Fire Lord Ozai or the Phoenix King) is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Nickelodeon's animated series "". Though once shown behind the scenes than recurringly, he is nevertheless an important character in the series as he is the father of Azula and Zuko. He is also the younger brother of Iroh and is the rival of the main protagonist of the series, Avatar Aang who must stop Ozai to bring balance to the world. He is also Fire Lord Sozin's grandson. He is also member of the 5th Council. He is voiced by Mark Hamill and will be played by Daniel Dae Kim in the live-action remake.
Mathematicians have known about pi for thousands of years, because they have been working with circles for the same amount of time. Civilizations as old as the Babylonians have been able to approximate pi to many digits, such as the fraction 25/8 and 256/81. Most historians believe that ancient Egyptians had no concept of pi, and that the correspondence is a coincidence.
Switzerland does not have an official capital city, but Bern is used as though it was the capital. The largest city of Switzerland is Zürich.
For Jewish people, YHWH is the most holy name of God, as written in the ancient Hebrew language. The written language showed no vowels, so the pronunciation is not agreed on. However, most academics agree that "Yahweh" is the most accepted way to say it.
In 2008, the Holy See reiterated a directive that the full name YAHWEH should not be used in Catholic liturgy out of respect for the Jews who never pronounce the full word and YHWH was to be used instead.
Goa (गोवा) is a state in the Republic of India. It is India's smallest state. It has the second smallest number of people. The total area is 1,430 mi² (3,702 km²), it is bigger than Samoa but smaller than the Georgian territory of South Ossetia. In traditional Indian geography it falls under the South Indian zone. It is on the west coast of India, in the region known as the Konkan. The state of Maharashtra is its neighbour to the north, and Karnataka to the east and south. The Arabian Sea makes up the state's west coast. Panjim is the state's capital, and Margao its largest town.
Microsoft Corporation is a company that makes computer software and video games. Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded the company in 1975. Microsoft makes Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Office (including Microsoft Word), Edge, MSN and Xbox, among others. Most Microsoft programs cannot be downloaded for free–people have to buy them in a shop or online. Some products (like the Windows operating system) are often already installed when people buy a new computer.
By 1918, Mohandas Gandhi had become one of the leaders of the Congress Party. Gandhi took a line of non-violent protest for gaining self-government for British India. Jinnah took a different line. He wanted constitutional struggle to gain the self-government for British India. Jinnah also opposed Gandhi’s support for the Khilafat movement. Gradually, many differences between them had arisen. In 1920, Jinnah left the Congress party. He became the president of the Muslim League. At this time, Jinnah brought out a program to reduce the differences between the Congress Party and the Muslim League. The program had fourteen points of action. Therefore, it became popularly known as Jinnah’s Fourteen Points. But the Congress party did not accept these.
Astronomy is the scientific study of celestial bodies. That means stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets and nebulae are studied including supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation. Astronomy concerns the development, physics, chemistry, meteorology and movement of celestial bodies. The big questions are the structure and development of the universe.
Early astronomers used only their eyes to look at the stars. They made maps of the constellations and stars for religious reasons and calendars to work out the time of year. Early civilisations such as the Maya people and the Ancient Egyptians built simple observatories and drew maps of the stars positions. They also began to think about the place of Earth in the universe. For a long time people thought Earth was the center of the universe, and that the planets, the stars and the sun went around it. This is known as geocentrism. Astronomy is from the Greek "astron" (ἄστρον) meaning "star" and "nomos" (nόμος) meaning "law")
Sara Vicenta Zimmerman Duterte-Carpio (; May 31, 1978), commonly known as Inday Sara, is a Filipina lawyer and politician who is the Vice President of the Philippines since 2022. She was the Mayor of Davao City from 2016 until 2022. She also was the city mayor from June 30, 2010, until June 30, 2013. She is the daughter of Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte.
This is a scientific topic called "The ultimate fate of the universe". It is a topic in cosmology. There are possible scenarios for its evolution. The basic issue is whether its existence is finite or infinite.
A desert is an arid (dry) biome. They get less than of rainfall a year. A source defines it as "any region that can have a moisture deficit over the course of a year. In other words, they can have less rainfall in a year than they give up through evaporation".
Cold deserts can be found close to the poles. That is why they are also called polar deserts. Other regions of the world have cold deserts too, for instance high altitude areas like the Himalayas. These are called montane deserts. Antarctica is the world's largest cold desert. The second largest one is the Arctic desert, but that is warming up a bit now.
It may be the oldest desert on Earth. It has been a desert for at least three million years. It is the oldest continuously arid region on Earth.
A capital city, or capital town or capital, is a city or town, specified by law or constitution, by the government of a country, or part of a country, such as a state, province, or county. It usually serves as the location of the government's central meeting place and offices. Most of the country's leaders, embassy and officials work in the capital city. This doesn't have to be the case though: Monaco, Nauru, Switzerland and Vatican City are examples of countries that do not have a capital city. Israel said Jerusalem was its capital: Most countries don't recognise this, and most embassies are in Tel Aviv. In Japan, the city of Tokyo, which was the capital, was disbanded in 1943. Today, the 23 city districts (called wards) have the role of capital city. Each district is a city of its own, though. "Capital city" can also mean a city most famous for something, in this case, Capital of the World is a nickname.
Physicists are currently unsure if anything existed before the Big Bang. They are also unsure whether the size of the Universe is infinite, meaning its size never ends as it has been expanding since the Big Bang.
People have long had ideas to explain the Universe. Most early models had the Earth at the centre of the Universe. This is known as geocentrism. Some ancient Greeks thought that the Universe has infinite space and has existed forever. They thought it had a set of celestial spheres which corresponded to the fixed stars, the Sun and various planets. The spheres circled about a round but unmoving Earth.
The Universe is old, and changing. The best good guess of the Universe's age is 13.798±0.037 billion years old, based on what was seen of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Independent estimates (based on measurements such as radioactive dating) agree, although they are less precise, ranging from 11 to 20 billion years.
During these years Jinnah’s personal life had suffered. His focus upon politics had led to tensions in Jinnah's marriage. The couple separated in 1927 and after a serious illness Rattanbai died.
The future of the Universe is a mystery. However, there are a couple of theories based on the possible shapes of the Universe:
The word "feminism" comes from the French word "féminisme". This medical term was used to describe masculine women or men with feminized traits. When its use became popular in the United States of America, it was used to refer to groups of women who "asserted the uniqueness of women, the mystical experience of motherhood and women's special purity.
Liberal feminism drew its strength from the diversity of liberal thought following the Enlightenment. The basis of liberal feminism is the emphasis on the power of the individual. If everyone individually stands up for what is right, discriminatory practices will change. Liberals challenge societal norms and lack of considering societal factors in humanity concerns. Liberal feminists would be more likely to accept the argument (to a degree) that certain positions in society (such as the home and the workplace) are better suited to the 'traditional' gender placements.
Socialist or Marxist feminism are similar cause their feministo (female-centered manifesto) is "revolution is the answer to change." They both link social conditions with capitalism and believe that overthrowing the current system is the only way to get what you want. Like liberal feminists, socialist or Marxist feminists acknowledge that men are necessary as part of the movement for change. Whatever the theory, socialist and Marxist countries have never had women in major government posts. Women have often achieved ministerial positions in democracies. Thus rhetoric (what regimes say) does not always line up with what regimes do in practice.
Radical feminism, particularly in the US, developed from the civil rights and new left clusters. Radical feminists were largely fed up with the male-dominated left-wing radicalism and formed the Women's Liberation Movement. This movement was formed in order to create woman-centered politics and to escape from male-oriented politics. They believed this could only be done in a safe women-only space, and this led to the policy of separatism for which radical feminism is best known for. Radical feminists are often misunderstood and seen as "man-hating" because of the way their women-oriented politics seem to reject male input.
Lean-In Feminism is an approach were women act and behave in a toxic manner and justify their actions by messaging if a man behaved the same way they did, he wouldn't get called out on it. Elizabeth Holmes, founder of Theranos; Ellen DeGeneres of Ellen DeGeneres Show; Amy Klobuchar, American senator; Chelsea Handler, American comedian; Zoe Sugg, YouTube vlogger etc. are considered to be prime examples. This is a negative idea of empowerment seen in social movements that posits women in power are unimpeachable and immune to feminist critique, simply by virtue of the fact that they have achieved such high positions. It is hard to distinguish people of this approach from supportive feminists, because they often cloak themselves with publicity stunts of advocating for all women in order to maintain their hegemony within a kyriarchal system.
Diana, Princess of Wales (born Diana Frances Spencer; 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997) was the first wife of Charles III.
Diana Frances Spencer was born to royalty on 1 July 1961 as "Diana Frances Spencer""." She was born at Park House Hotel in Sandringham, Norfolk, England. Her father was the Earl Spencer. She left school when she was 16 and moved to London when she was 18.
Around that time, there was a conference of British Indian leaders with the government of Great Britain. It was held in London and is known as the Round Table Conference. Jinnah criticized the policy of Gandhi. The conference failed. Jinnah was also not happy with the Muslim League. He decided to quit politics. He again started to work as a lawyer in England. During all these years, his sister Fatima Jinnah took care of Jinnah’s affairs, both at home and outside. She also became a close adviser to him. She helped him in raising Jinnah’s daughter, Dina Wadia. The daughter married Neville Wadia, a Parsi who had converted to Christianity. Jinnah did not like this marriage.
Diana and her boyfriend, Dodi Al-Fayed, were killed in a car accident in Paris, France, in the early morning of 31 August, 1997. She was 36 years old. Many mourners left flowers, candles, cards and personal messages for her in public places. She was buried in London on 6 September, 1997.
The Indian subcontinent is a term mainly used for the geographic region which includes: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Republic of India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and, to the south, the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. It is south of the Himalayas, one of the world's largest ranges of tall mountains.
The subcontinent was once part of Gondwana, the ancient southern supercontinent. Geologically, the origin of the Himalayas is the impact of the Indian tectonic plate travelling northward at 15 cm per year to slowly squeeze the Eurasian continent, about 40-50 million years ago. The formation of the Himalayan arc resulted in the rock of the seabeds of that time being uplifted into mountains. An often-cited fact used to illustrate this process is that the summit of Mount Everest is made of marine limestone.
The Indo-Australian plate is still moving at 67 mm per year. Over the next 10 million years it may travel about 1,500 km into Asia. About 20 mm per year of the India-Asia convergence is absorbed by thrusting along the Himalaya southern front. This leads to the Himalayas rising by about 5 mm per year, making them geologically active. The movement of the Indian plate into the Asian plate also leads to earthquakes from time to time.
Constitutional monarchy first emerged in England. At first, the British monarchy was absolute. However, the nobility under King John felt that the king had abused his power, and had forced him to sign a document called the Magna Carta. This document limited the powers of the king and made him somewhat responsible for the wellbeing of his subjects. The document, however was more focused on maintaining the ability of the nobles to have a say in what the king did.
BiThe following is a list of reigning monarchies. Except where noted, monarch selection is hereditary as directed by the state's constitution.
Omnisexuality is a sexual orientation. A person who is omnisexual can form attraction to all genders. Gender will usually play a role in the person's attraction. It can be seen as a form of multisexuality, or non-monosexuality.
Omnisexuality can be described as being between pansexual and bisexual. It has characteristics from both. However, there are clear differences. Bisexuality is attraction to more than one gender, and is often used as an umbrella term. Pansexuality is attraction regardless of gender. Omnisexuality is attraction to all genders, but gender will play a role in that attraction.
Liverpool Football Club () (originally, Everton Athletics in 1892) is a professional association football club based in Liverpool, Merseyside, England. They play in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club has won 6 European Cups, an English club record, 3 UEFA Cups, 4 UEFA Super Cups, 19 League titles (including 1 Premier League), 7 FA Cups, a record 9 EFL Cups, title and 1 FIFA Club World Cup title.
Liverpool has more honours than any other English club: it has 48 official trophies in all. Liverpool's anthem is "You'll Never Walk Alone".
Liverpool won their first League championship in 1901, and their second in 1906. Liverpool played their first FA Cup final in 1914, losing 1–0 to Burnley. The most recent FA Cup victory by Liverpool was achieved in 2021-22 season, increasing their tally to 8 FA Cups. The last domestic cup trophy Liverpool won was the EFL Cup in February 2022, after beating Chelsea, increasing Liverpool’s tally to 9 League Cup. Liverpool have also won the Champions League six times, the most of any British side. Liverpool’s 5th UCL success was in Istanbul in 2005. The game was won after Liverpool tied 3–3 with A.C. Milan, after being down 3–0 at half-time. The Reds then won the penalty shootout, partly due to goalkeeper Jerzy Dudek's saves. Liverpool F.C.‘s 6th and most recent UCL success was in 2019 when they beat fellow Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur 2-0 in Madrid. Liverpool F.C. have won England's top-flight football league 19 times. Liverpool F.C.’s most recent trophy was won during the 2019-20 Premier League season, handing the club their first domestic title after thirty years, the last time being in the English First Division season of 1989-90. In other domestic competitions, Liverpool have won 15 Charity/Community Shields. Intentionally; Liverpool F.C. have won 4 UEFA Super Cup, 3 UEFA Cups & were crowned FIFA Club World Cup Champions in 2019 naming the Reds Champions of the World for the first time in club history.
Liverpool has had two tragedies in their history. The first was the Heysel Stadium disaster of 1985, which led to the death of 39 Juventus fans and the second was the Hillsborough disaster in 1989, which lead to the deaths of 96 Liverpool fans. The death toll was put up to 97 in 2021 when 55 year old Andrew Devine passed away due to sustaining brain damage during the disaster, meaning he was also unlawfully killed at hillsborough.
The Russian Empire (1721-1917), also called Imperial Russia, was a country in Europe as well as Asia. It started in 1721 when Peter I of Russia founded it. Before that, it was known as the Duchy of Moscow. It lasted until it was declared a republic in March 1917 after the Russian Revolution. It was an absolute monarchy ruled by Russian emperors known as 'Tsars'. They were members of the House of Romanov and believed that they had the divine right of kings over their people.
Buddhism originated in India based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, later known as Gautama Buddha. A Buddha is one who is said to be awake to the truth of life.
A handjob is the sexual stimulation or arousal of a male penis usually by a female and by using the hands. It is similar to male masturbation but is done by someone else instead of by one's self. It is usually done by lightly grabbing the middle of the penis with one hand and while grabbing slightly above from the middle towards the testicles then up and down, up and down, up and down, up and down, repeatedly stroking the penis until the male reaches orgasm. Stimulation by fingers on the scrotum may also be accompanied, such as placing both the index and rude finger against the males testicles then placing your little finger on the tip of his foreskin. It is like fingering which is the sexual stimulation of a female's genitals using the hands and fingers.
Jinnah’s role in creation of Pakistan as a new nation was very important. This made him very popular among the people of Pakistan. In East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), people opposed Jinnah’s view that the language most commonly known as Urdu should be the sole national language.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (25 December 1876 – 11 September 1948) was the founder of the country of Pakistan. After the partition of India, he became the Governor-General of Pakistan. As a mark of respect, Pakistanis call him "Quaid-e-Azam". bra
"Quaid-e-Azam" is a phrase which, in the Urdu language, means "the great leader". He is also called "Baba-e-Qaum", another phrase in the Urdu language which means "the father of the nation". The day of his birth is a national holiday in whole Pakistan called Pakistan day.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on 25 December 1876 in Karachi into the Isma'ilism family of Poonja Jinnah. Jinnah. He was born in Karachi, City of Sindh. His father’s name was Jinnah Poonja (1857- 1901) and his mother’s name was Mithibai. Jinnah was the eldest of the seven children of Jinnah Poonja and Mithibai. His family had migrated to Sindh from the Kathiawar area of Gujarat, present-day India.
The Muslim League under Jinnah’s leadership accepted both the plans. But, on 16 August 1946, Jinnah also announced the Direct Action to achieve independence for Pakistan, a separate country of Muslims of the former British Raj.
The British Indian Empire was partitioned into two countries, namely, India and Pakistan. Jinnah became the first Governor-General of Pakistan, his sister Fatimah Jinnah became the "Mother of the Nation". He also became the president of Pakistan’s constituent assembly. In an address to the constituent assembly on 11 August 1947, Jinnah told about the future of Pakistan as a secular state. He told this in the following words:
Nations and people have done many things in memory of Jinnah. In Pakistan he is called "Quaid-e-Azam". His pictures appear on many Pakistani banknotes and coins. Karachi’s international airport is named after him. In 1998 a new university in Karachi was named the Mohammad Ali Jinnah University. Another university in Islamabad is named after Quaid-e-Azam university.
Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco (French: Principauté de Monaco), is the second smallest country in the world after the Vatican City; approximately 39,000 persons live there. It is near south-eastern France, on the Mediterranean Sea in Western Europe. French is the most common language spoken in Monaco. The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, who is the head of state, is Prince Albert II, whose family has ruled since 1297. The government and the prince share power. Tourism is the main industry. People in Monaco pay no income tax. Monaco is a city-state, because all its territory is urban and built-up. France, Genoa and Sardinia have ruled it at various times.
Taiwan (Chinese: 臺灣 / 台灣), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is considered a country in East Asia by some countries (including 13 countries and Vatican City/Holy), while other countries and the United Nations have not officially recognized its status as a country. Not to be confused with the People's Republic of China (PRC). The Republic of China (Taiwan) once governed all of China (from 1911 to 1949), but moved to the island of Taiwan after a Chinese civil war. In the years since, the PRC (People's Republic of China) has become the recognized government of China (replacing the ROC at the United Nations in 1971), and the status of the ROC has been left not said.
The country of Taiwan comprises the island of Taiwan with the nearby islands (Pescadores islands and parts of Fujian). Taiwan is located southeast of the People's Republic of China's mainland, south of Japan, and north of the Philippines. The capital is Taipei.
Most people living in Taiwan (called Taiwanese) are Han. Taiwan has three large Han groups. They speak different dialects (languages) of Chinese and their ancestors came from different places: the Southern Fujianese (from China's Fujian Province), the Hakka (from China), and Mainlanders (from Mainland China after 1948).
There are also Taiwanese Aborigines (native tribes called Taiwanese Aborigines) who have lived in Taiwan before the Han came to live there.
The People's Republic of China has never ruled over the island of Taiwan, since the last time Taiwan and the mainland were united under one government was under the rule of the ROC.
Most countries of the world recognize the People's Republic of China as China. Although Taiwan is not recognized by the UN as a sovereign nation, most countries still have close economic and cultural relations with Taiwan. Countries often set up de facto embassies in Taiwan—officially non-government organizations—that perform the same functions as an embassy.
The are many words used when talking about trains. Sometimes some people and some countries use these words in different ways than other people and other countries. This is a list of some of those that are often used:
A train is a set of railway cars (also called vehicles) that are tied together with or without a locomotive. Trains are used to carry people, and also things like raw material, finished goods, cargo, and waste. The vehicles that carry freight are called "cars" (in the United States) or "wagons" (in the United Kingdom). The ones that carry passengers are often called coaches or carriages. A place where a train stops to let people get on and off is called a train station or railway station.
A steam train made it's first journey on 21 February 1804 at the Penydarren Iron Works in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, UK. The locomotive "Coalbrookdale" was built by "Richard Trevithick" helped by the owner of the ironworks Samual Homfray.
Passenger trains are usually a very comfortable way of traveling. Many trains have electrical outlets and Wi-Fi hotspots for computers,
Montenegro (meaning Black Mountain) is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is on the Adriatic Sea, between Albania (to the South) and Croatia to the North. Inland (to the East and South-East) it also has a common border with Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. For most of the 20th century it was part of Yugoslavia. It had also been independent before World War I and existed as a kingdom. Its leader is Milo Đukanović.
The size of the economy's GDP is $4.114 billion and it has 621,873 people in Montenegro in 2020. The traditional old capital of Montenegro is "Cetinje", but Podgorica is the new one. The country adopted the Euro unilaterally as Montenegro does not have its own currency, but the adoption has raised the national debt to 57 percent of GDP in 2011. The most professed religion is 72.07% Eastern Orthodoxy and the second most is 19.21% Islam.
[WARNING, THE FOLLOWING MAY CONTAIN ERRORS]Deuterocanonical books means "second canon" in Greek. It usually means the parts of the Bible that are only used by some Christian churches (mostly Roman Catholic and Orthodox). The books only exist in Greek language manuscripts that were written by the Jewish people living in Greek speaking areas of the Mediterranean Sea between 250 and 50 BC, as were all of the books of the Old Testament. It was not until circa 900 AD that the Old Testament as known in Jewish and Protestant religions was written in Hebrew and limited to the current so-called "canons".[citation needed, see dead sea scrolls]
The island can have a hot weather in summer and normally has mild weather in winter but sometimes is as cold as -10.3 degrees Celsius. It is sunnier than England, but it rains more as well.
The Chinese Civil War (Chinese ; 中国内战) (Russian ; Гражданская Война в Китае) was a civil war fought from 1927 to 1949 because of differences in thinking between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Kuomintang (KMT, or Chinese Nationalist Party). The war was a fight for legitimacy of the government of China. The war began in April 1927 because of the Northern Expedition (國民革命軍北伐) and mostly ended in 1950. Some people say the war has not ended, but no large battles have started since that year. Relations between the Republic of China (ROC) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) are still poor because both claim to be the legitimate sovereign government of all of China. The Chinese Civil War was the third-largest war of all time, after World War 1 and World War 2. It was part of the Interwar period in the aftermath of the Great War from 1918 to 1939 and was also part of the Cold War in the aftermath of World War 2 from 1945 to 1949 . The war is usually divided into two parts: 1927-1937 and 1946-1949 . It started and stopped several times before the Second Sino-Japanese War and there was less fighting after the Empire of Japan had invaded. The war between the CPC and the KMT started again in 1946 after Japan's defeat in World War II. The CPC took control of most of China, and the KMT had only islands left. About two million Chinese fled to Taiwan in late 1949. In 1950, no large battles were started. The loss of the KMT in Mainland China is said to be for several reasons:
He made pleas to several Western democratic nations, but none offered help cats. It was only after he turned to the Soviets in 1921 that Sun found aid. The communist Soviet Union agreed to help the KMT if the smaller Chinese Communist Party be allowed to join. In 1923 the Soviet Union, the KMT, and the CPC made an agreement, the Sun-Joffe Manifesto, which said the Soviets would help China have only one government. Mikhail Borodin traveled to China in 1923 to help change the KMT to make it similar to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The CCP and KMT were joined in the First United Front.
In 1927 the civil war in the Republic of China began when the Kuomintang (KMT) became rivals with the Communist Party of China (CPC) and both parties led by Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong were fighting against each other. The Chinese Nationalists got support from the Weimar German Republic and Nazi Germany by buying German Weapons from Europe until the Nazi’s started to support the Japanese Empire in 1937 when the Second Sino-Japanese War began which is the start of World War 2 in Asia .
The Right Honourable (sometimes written as "The Rt Hon.", "The Rt Hon" or "The Rt. Hon.") is a prefix which shows honour. It is given to certain people, for example some MP's, in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Anglophone Caribbean and other places which are members of the Commonwealth. It is sometimes given in other places, as well. Examples of this are The Right Honourable David Cameron PC MP, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, The Right Honourable Stephen Harper PC MP, former Prime Minister of Canada, and The Right Honourable John Key MP, former Prime Minister of New Zealand.
Life on Earth is made from organic compounds—molecules that contain carbon. Four types of long-chain molecules (macromolecules) are important: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Over thousands or millions of years, living things can change, through the process of evolution. One kind of evolution is when a species changes over time, such as giraffes growing longer necks. Most of the time, the species becomes better suited to its environment, a process called adaptation. Evolution can also cause one group of living things to split into two groups. This is called speciation if it makes a new species. An example is mockingbirds on the Galapagos Islands—one species of mockingbird lives on each island, but all the species split from a shared ancestor species. Groups that are bigger than species can also split from a shared ancestor—for example, reptiles and mammals. A group of living things and their shared ancestor is called a clade.
Life needs a source of energy for chemical reactions. On the early Earth, the atmosphere did not have oxygen. Oxidation using the Krebs cycle, which is common today, was not possible. The Krebs cycle may have acted backwards, doing reduction instead of oxidation, and the cycle may have made larger molecules. To make life, molecules needed to make copies of themselves. DNA and RNA make copies of themselves, but only if there is a catalyst—a compound which speeds up the chemical reaction. One guess is that RNA itself served as a catalyst. At some time, the molecules were surrounded by membranes, which made cells.
Henry II of England, also known as Henry II Curtmantle (Le Mans, France, 5 March 1133 – Chinon, France, 6 July 1189) was also Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western Jeff. He was as much concerned with his empire in France as he was with England.
Zlatan Ibrahimović (born 3 October 1981) is a Swedish footballer. He plays as a striker for Italian team AC Milan. He is considered one of the best strikers of all time. He has scored over 560 career goals, and he has scored at least 1 goal in the last four decades.
Amy Belle Sawyer Stiller (born August 9, 1961) is an American actor, stand-up comedian and Bikram Yoga instructor.
The sky is the appearance of the atmosphere around the surface of the planet from our point of view. We see many objects that are actually in space such as the Sun, the Moon, and stars because they are in the sky. On a clear day the sky appears blue. At night it appears from very dark blue to black. The deepness of the blue increases as we look toward the horizon, and up to the point above us.
Buckingham Palace was built in 1703 by John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normandy, as a townhouse residence in London. It was bought by the British royal family in 1761. It became the official London home of the family in 1837 and was greatly expanded in the 19th century. It has 775 rooms, 19 staterooms, and 78 bathrooms. Leading up to it is a ceremonial road called The Mall. A German bomb damaged the Palace during the London blitz.
The Middle Ages were a period of about a thousand years in European history. They started around the year 476 , when the Western Roman Empire ended, and continued until around the time Christopher Columbus arrived in the New World in 1492. This period of time is called the 'Middle Ages' because it took place between the fall of Imperial Rome and the beginning of early modern Europe. It is often separated into the Early Middle Ages, the High Middle Ages, and the Late Middle Ages.
Sometimes people use other names, like “the Medieval Age,” to describe the Middle Ages. Another name for the Middle Ages is “the Age of Faith,” because Christianity and Islam were becoming much more popular. The early Middle Ages has also been called “the Dark Ages” because past scholars wrongly believed that there was very little culture, good literature, or art, or progress during this period.
Very few people in the Middle Ages could read, so there are not many records from this period. Because of this, historians do not know as much about the Middle Ages as about earlier times.
During the Middle Ages, many people’s lives were short, difficult, and poor. The fall of the Roman Empire, and the invasions of barbarian tribes, devastated Europe. The Romans had made a lot of progress in science, technology, engineering, medicine, and literature. During the Middle Ages, a lot of this new knowledge was lost. There were mass migrations, wars, and plagues. For around 300 years, there was continuous violence. After that, the development of feudalism decreased some of the violence.
In 800 ce, Charlemagne became Emperor of the Romans. He promoted order, education, and civilization. Slowly, Europe began to regain what it had lost. Still, the Late Middle Ages were a difficult time. Wars and the Bubonic Plague killed millions of people in Europe and Asia.
Europe changed during the Middle Ages. Independent, unified nation states formed across the old Western Roman Empire. These new nations included England, Scotland, Hungary, Spain, Portugal, Poland, Lithuania, Denmark, Norway, and France (which evolved from the realm of the Franks).
In 330 AD, the Roman Emperor Constantine created the Byzantine Empire (also called the Eastern Roman Empire). He made the capital city Constantinople. The Byzantine Empire controlled Asia Minor and Northern Africa, and sometimes southern Spain and southern Italy. However, its lands were slowly eaten away by enemies like the Turks and the Franks.
The Byzantine Empire survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire and lasted until 1453. Constantinople was a walled city on a peninsula. This made it difficult for invaders to take over. Finally, in 1453, the Ottoman Empire captured Constantinople. They gave the city its present-day name: Istanbul. This was the end of the Byzantine Empire.
The Islamic prophet Muhammad founded Islam in the early 7th century. Soon after his death in 632 CE, Islam split into two branches. These were the Sunni Muslims and the Shi'a. Most Muslims (about 85%) are Sunni. Shi'a Muslims live mostly in modern-day Iran and Iraq. The Sunni-Shi'a split has been compared to the Protestant Reformation within the Christian Church much later, in 1517.
After the Prophet Muhammad’s death, Arab Muslims began to take over many Christian territories and convert them to Islam. Over time, they took control of modern-day Iraq, Syria, Egypt, North Africa and Spain. (France and other European countries stayed under Christian rule.) Eventually, the Muslim Ottoman Empire conquered parts of eastern Europe too. Many Muslim states held of vast areas of land, making them superpowers of the Middle Ages. Islam spread along the major trade routes of the old world. Many traders and travelers became Muslim.
The Middle Ages were a golden age of knowledge in Muslim territories. While Europe was struggling greatly, the Islamic world was making great progress in the arts, agriculture, economics, industry, law, literature, navigation, philosophy, sciences, and technology. Many Muslim caliphs and Sultans gathered the ancient texts of great classical empires. (For example, the Caliphs of Andalusian Cordoba gathered ancient Roman texts, and the Anatolian Seljuk Sultans gathered ancient Greek texts.). During this Islamic Golden Age, a Persian Muslim helped to develop algebra.
Items that were light, easy to carry, and valuable traveled the furthest distances. During the high Middle Ages, wealth began to return and consumers began to demand luxuries again. Traders brought silk, porcelain, spices, incense, gold and gems thousands of miles across deserts, mountains and plains to reach Europe. They also brought glass from Europe to Asia.
Not all items traveled along the entire Silk Road. Traders carrying heavier, less valuable items would travel shorter distances. Food, for example, would mostly travel only within a few villages.
Trade was greatly interrupted several times during the Crusades (1095-1291) due to Mongolian invasions, wars between Muslims and Christians, and (later) the Black Plague. Histories think the Mongols brought the plague with them from Asia. This disease devastated the world population from 1347 to 1351. It killed almost a third of the world's population (although the Americas were not affected).
Buddhism is a non-theistic religion (meaning its followers do not believe in a god). It is based on philosophy. It began in India. However, Muslim invaders drove Buddhism out of India. This forced Buddhism to flee east. There are very few Buddhists in India today, but Buddhism eventually took up strong roots in China.
During the Middle Ages, the Mongols created the world's largest contiguous empire. Under the leadership of Genghis Khan, the Mongols took over territories in much of Asia, the Middle East, and far eastern Europe. Because the Mongol Empire was so large and powerful, there was little war within the empire. This period is now called the "Pax Mongolica (pax" is Latin for “peace”). Like the earlier Roman "Pax Romana", the Pax Mongolica was a time of relative peace and stability. This made it possible for trade, technologies, and ideas to travel safely throughout Eurasia. International trade and diplomacy along the Silk Road expanded greatly.
Around the time of his death in 1227, Genghis Khan’s empire had gotten too big to survive. It collapsed under its own size (like Alexander the Great's did in Ancient Greece). The former Mongol Empire was split four ways. This allowed the Chinese to become the dominant power in the Far East once again. Later, under the Yuan Dynasty, the Chinese also retook control of northern China.
Around 1405, a Chinese admiral named Zheng He went to explore the world. His fleet of 300 'treasure ships' explored great areas of the Eastern world. These ships were many times larger than anything the Europeans had built. (A Zheng He Treasure ship was wider than Columbus' ship 'Santa Maria' was long).
The Late Middle Ages were the last two centuries of the Middle Ages, from around 1291 (when the Crusades ended) to 1492 (when Columbus traveled to the New World). During this period the gun was invented, and changed the way wars were fought. Aristocracy and feudalism became less important.
Before the late Middle Ages, armies were only formed when there was a war. Now, states founded standing armies. Technology, economy and science developed. Cities were founded and existing cities grew larger and richer.
During the late Middle Ages, France and England fought the Hundred Years' War. Also during this period, China regained its independence from the Mongol Empire. So did the Grand Duchy of Moscow, which became the most important state in Eastern Europe, under the name of “Russia.”
The bubonic plague devastated Eurasia and North Africa during the late Middle Ages. This was one of the deadliest pandemics in history. It killed between 75 and 200 million people. This was 1/3 to 3/4 of the world’s population at the time.
In the 15th century, the Ottoman Turks conquered the Byzantine Empire. This cut off the Silk Road, so Europeans had to find new trade routes. In turn, Christian states drove the Muslims out of Spain. This triggered the Age of Discovery during the Renaissance.
The Louisiana Purchase was a land purchase made by President Thomas Jefferson in 1803. He bought the Louisiana territory from France, which was being led by Napoleon Bonaparte at the time, for 15,000,000 USD (about $320,000,000 in 2020 dollars). First, the men sent to France were allowed to spend up to 10 million USD in order to buy New Orleans and, if possible, the west bank of the Mississippi River. But then the French government said that for 5 million more dollars they would sell all of the Louisiana territory. Thomas Jefferson approved the deal and used his constitutional power to sign treaties to buy the land. Nowhere in the constitution does it say the president has the power to buy land from other countries, so he bought it with his power to make treaties.
She grew up in Slovenia (then Yugoslavia). She worked as a fashion model through agencies in the European fashion capitals of Milan and Paris. After that, she moved to New York City in 1996. She was associated with Irene Marie Models and Trump Model Management. In 2005, she married the real estate developer and TV personality Donald Trump. She gave birth to their son Barron in March 2006. Later that year, she became an American naturalized citizen. She is the second immigrant woman after former First Lady Louisa Adams and the first non-native English speaker to become first lady.
Melanija Knavs was born in Novo Mesto, Slovenia on April 26, 1970. Her father, Viktor Knavs was from the nearby town of Radeče. He managed car and motorcycle dealerships for a state-owned vehicle manufacturer. Her mother Amalija Ulčnik Knavs came from the village of Raka. She worked as a patternmaker at the children's clothing manufacturer Jutranjka in Sevnica.
As a child, Melanija and other children of workers at the factory participated in fashion shows that featured children's clothing. She has an older sister, Ines Knauss, who is an artist. She has an older half-brother who she reportedly has never met from her father's previous relationship.
On March 20, 2006, she gave birth to their son, Barron William Trump. She chose his middle name and her husband chose his first name. She also has four stepchildren, stepsons Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump and stepdaughters Ivanka Trump and Tiffany Trump.
In November 2015, Melania was asked about her husband's presidential campaign. She replied: "I encouraged him because I know what he will do and what he can do for America. He loves the American people, and he wants to help them". She played a relatively small role in the campaign, which is unusual for spouses of presidential candidates.
In 2016, Melania told CNN her focus as first lady would be to help women and children. She also said she would fight and stop cyberbullying, especially among young children and teenagers.
Melania Trump assumed the role and duties of First Lady of the United States on January 20, 2017. Public media compared her fashion to former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, because of similarities between both of their fashion choices.
In March 2017, Melania had hosted her first White House event, a luncheon for International Women's Day. She spoke to an audience of women about her life as a female immigrant, and about working towards gender inequality.
In October 2018, took a solo tour to Africa, without her focusing on conservation and children and families, visiting countries such as, Ghana, Malawi, Kenya, and Egypt.
In May 2018, Melania formally started the 'Be Best' public awareness campaign. It focused on well-being for youth and advocated against cyberbullying and drug use. The campaign was accompanied by a booklet that was promoted as having been written by First Lady Melania Trump and the Federal Trade Commission.
When the president and first lady visited Vatican City in May 2017, she identified herself as Catholic. She was the first Catholic wife to live in the White House since the 1960s. She is the second Catholic First Lady of the United States, after Jacqueline Kennedy.
Some people see time as a fourth dimension. It is also measured. It is measured in units of time such as seconds, hours, years, or any other measurement of time. Space-time also exists in the fourth dimension.
Albania is bordered by Greece, the Republic of North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. A short stretch of sea separates Albania from the far southeast of Italy.
Mansa Musa (about 1280 – about 1337) was an emperor ("manse") of the Mali Empire during the 14th century. He became emperor in 1312. He was the first African ruler to be famous in all of Europe and the Middle East he was also the 9th emperor in his times. Historians say he was the richest person to have ever lived. Today, his wealth would be worth about US$400 billion.[source needed]