timescale/wikipedia-22-12-simple-embeddings huggingface dataset:
The Hitler Youth was an organization in Nazi Germany for children from ages 10 to 18. The girls split off from the Hitler Youth when they were 14 to join The League of German Maidens. All German children between these ages whom Adolf Hitler considered to be "pure-blooded" Germans, were required to join, and parents who stopped their children from joining could be sent to prison for a long time. In order to get rid of any distractions or other groups that might keep children from being involved with the Hitler Youth, Hitler banned all other youth groups or clubs. The Hitler Youth also prepared boys for the army and taught them how to use weapons.
The purpose of the Hitler Youth was to train children to accept values such as duty to the Nazi Party and to Hitler, and to teach them to be prepared even to give their lives for their country. Many children died because of the Hitler Youth, because they became soldiers, which was one of its main purposes.
Squidward Tentacles is one of the main characters of "SpongeBob SquarePants". He is SpongeBob SquarePants's grumpy neighbor and a coworker of SpongeBob that lives in a moai.
Anna Anderson (December 16, 1896 – February 12, 1984) was a woman who claimed she was Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia. The real Anastasia had been murdered in Ekaterinburg with the rest of her immediate family on July 17, 1918. Her remains have been found and extensively tested using DNA samples from Anastasia's family comparing them to Anderson. There was no match at all. Anderson attempted to kill herself in 1920 in Berlin, Germany. She was taken to a mental hospital. A short time later she began to tell her false story of escape to people there. Some people believed her. Most people did not. Her false claims were pushed for 70 years. Movies were made about her story. She married Jack Manahan and called herself Anastasia Manahan. They lived in Charlottesville, Virginia, where she died of pneumonia in 1984.
The winners will earn the right to play against the winners of the 2022–23 UEFA Europa League in the 2023 UEFA Super Cup.
The 2023 UEFA Champions League Final will be the final match of the 2022–23 UEFA Champions League. It will be played at the Atatürk Olympic Stadium in Istanbul, Turkey on 10 June 2023.
The "home" team (for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the quarter-final and semi-final draws.
Burt Baskin (December 17, 1913, Illinois – December 24, 1967, Studio City, Los Angeles) was the founder of Baskin-Robbins. He was the son of a Jewish American businessman who owned a clothing store. He attended the University of Illinois and graduated in 1935. After graduation, he joined his father’s clothing business. Later, he opened his own men’s clothing shop on the ground floor of historic Palmer House Hotel in Chicago. During World War II, he served in the US Navy and was assigned in the Southwest Pacific.
One of these prisoners was a man named Thomas Scott. Scott would often be resistant and disrespectful of his captors. When Scott assaulted one of Riel's men, Riel had enough...
Gilbert Jeremy Gottfried (February 28, 1955 – April 12, 2022) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, voice artist, and comedian. He was the voice of Iago in the "Aladdin" animated franchise. He also voiced Digit in the PBS educational animated series "Cyberchase". He was originally the voice of the Aflac Duck, but he was dismissed on March 14, 2011 and he was replaced by Daniel McKeague on April 26, 2011.
She wa born to a musical family in the Southern Lebanese Tyrian village of Kniseh. Abboud is a former ISF officer and studied English literature at Lebanese University. then, she stutied translation at Beirut Arab University and musical expression at the American University of Science and Technology. She appeared for the first time in the Studio El-Fan series debuts as a South Lebanese competitor from 2001 to 2002. Abboud's musical career got popular with the release of her first album "Fi Shouq" (: on longing) published in late 2007. She sings in different Arabic dialects. Abboud is a singer member in the Syndicate of Professional Artists in Lebanon.
Kim Dae-jung (January 6, 1924 – August 18, 2009) was a South Korean president. In 2000, he got the Nobel Peace Prize. He is the first person from Korea to get a Nobel prize. A Roman Catholic since 1957, he has been called the "Nelson Mandela" of Asia Kim Dae Jung was the President (succeeding Kim Young-sam) from 1998 to 2003. He was born in Haui-do, South Jeolla Province, an island off the South Korean Coast in 1924.
Born in Altenessen, Rehhagel began his career with local club TuS Helene Altenessen in 1948, then transferred to Rot-Weiss Essen (1960–63) and then played the Bundesliga at Hertha BSC (1963–65) until 1972 for Kaiserslautern. He played 201 games in the Bundesliga.
Karl Gerhart "Gert" Fröbe (; 25 February 1913 – 5 September 1988) was a German actor. He is best known in English-speaking countries for his work as Auric Goldfinger in the James Bond movie "Goldfinger". He also played Baron Bomburst in "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang".
Grint supports several charitable causes. Since 2011, he has been in a relationship with actress Georgia Groome. They have a daughter.
János Áder (born 9 May 1959) is a Hungarian politician. He became the President of Hungary in May 2012. He left office in May 2022.
The club play in the Championship, their current manager is Lee bowyer. Their home ground is St.Andrews
The White Army in the Russian Revolution was an alliance of various groups. It opposed the Red Army of Vladimir Lenin's Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. Supporters included liberals, aristocrats, Cossacks, the Russian Orthodox Church, and some peasants. Eventually the allies of Russia sent ships and troops to help. The Red Army won, due to better organization.
APA style is a way of formatting scientific publications. The style is mostly about the way citations are handled in such documents. It's is commonly used in social sciences and relies on a style guide written by the American Psychological Association.
Authoritarian corporatism is a form of corporatism, where the state forces everyone to join one of a limited number of corporations. The state also defines the goals these corporations try to achieve. In the 1930s, Benito Mussolini took some of the ideas from Getúlio Vargas, who ruled Brazil in an authoritarian style at the time.
Sometimes the word tragedy is also used to mean something with a bad outcome in real life e.g. crime or death. It makes people cry when there’s sad scenes in movies .
They finally make their way back home, but Edgar re-catches them in a sack and plans to send them to Timbuktu, Africa. O'Malley, Scat Cat (Scatman Crothers) and his gang, Roquefort the Mouse (Sterling Holloway), and Frou-Frou the Horse (Nancy Kulp) all fight Edgar. Roquefort frees Duchess and the kittens. In the end, Edgar is kicked into the trunk, locked inside, and sent to Timbuktu himself. Madame Adelaide's will is re-written to not include Edgar and instead include O'Malley. She also starts a charity foundation. This foundation gives a home to all the cats in Paris.
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was President of Brazil. He was the dictator from 1930 to 1945. His first 15-year long rule is known as the Vargas Era. Then he was elected President in 1951 and served until 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the longest of any President. He was second in Brazilian history only to Emperor Pedro II among heads of state. He favored nationalism, industrialization, centralization, social welfare and populism. Vargas won the nickname "The Father of the Poor". He was a supporter of workers rights and was very much an anti-communist. He shot himself dead after he was forced by the Brazilian military to resign from the Presidency.
There are twenty-three provinces, four municipalities, five autonomous regions and two special administrative regions in the People's Republic of China. Provinces are pronounced "Shěng" in Chinese Pinyin. The island of Taiwan is claimed as a province by the People's Republic of China (PRC), but it is not under their control. Taiwan is an island known as Republic of China (Taiwan).
Jagjit Singh (8 February 1941 — 10 October 2011) was an Indian singer. He was known as the "Ghazal King". Ghazal is a classical type of song, dating back to ancient Persia. It uses a special rhyming pattern and the words are written using a special pattern of stanzas. The songs are always about love. Singh, and his wife Chitra Singh who is also a ghazal singer, achieved a lot of commercial success in the 1970s and 1980s. He recorded more than 50 albums.
Upper class is an idea in sociology. It refers to the group of people at the top of a society. Members of an upper class often have great power over resources and governmental policy in their area. Multimillionaires and billionaires are part of the upper classes. These people frequently have yachts, several mansions, take several vacations per year because they tend to have more leisure time and disposable income, etc.
Definitions vary, but generally in most places in North America, the upper class income range is anything above $122,400 per year.
Matryoshka (Russian: матрёшка) is a traditional Russian doll made of wood and painted with colorful ornaments. This doll is one of the most popular souvenirs in Russia. It is also widely distributed abroad under different names such as “Aunt Olga,” “Babushka” or “Mommy doll.” Although Matryoshka is called a doll it is actually a set of dolls of different sizes placed one in another. The reason for that lies behind the name “Matryoshkг.” The name "Matryoshka" came from the traditional Russian name "Matryona". This name was associated with motherhood and fertility. The biggest doll symbolizes “mother” with her numerous “doll” family.
The Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia (Serbo-Croatian: "Wikipedia na srpskohrvatskom jeziku", Википедија на српскохрватском језику) is the Serbo-Croatian version of the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Johan Neeskens (born 15 September 1951) is a former Dutch football player. He has played for Netherlands national team. He is considered one of the best midfielders of his generation as well as being regarded as one of the best Dutch players of all time. This is the definition that Neeskens gave for himself, which however appears too reductive. He knew how to best interpret that universality of role preached at the time in Holland: a true all-round wildcard, Neeskens was a complete and continuous player, capable of adapting to play almost anywhere on the pitch.
He possessed remarkable athletic skills thanks to which he gave support and completeness to the technical skills of his teammates. Ideal fulcrum of the midfield, with his passes and high-precision shots he enhanced the qualities of his colleagues: speed and fluidity. Neeskens perfectly expressed what Michels and Kovacs preached in the Netherlands: "a player must be complete and continuous, able to adapt to play in any area of ​​the pitch". He was also a good header and an infallible penalty taker.
On the eve of the German World Cup Neeskens had signed for Barcelona, ​​yielding to the court of his old teacher Rinus Michels, anxious to reunite him and Cruyff. Upon his arrival he meets a Camp Nou saddened by the departure of the Peruvian Hugo Sotil due to the limit of foreigners in the team but Neeskens does not take long to become an idol of the Barça fans, not only for his qualities as a footballer but also for his willingness to identify with the club and with the Catalan nation. This combination makes him one of the most emblematic players in the history of the club. For him in Spain a King's Cup, a Cup Winners' Cup and 219 games with 53 goals. To remember in 1979 the spectacular final in Basel against Fortuna Düsseldorf ended 4-3 in extra time. It would have been his last match with the blaugrana shirt.
A precocious talent, he made his senior international debut at the age of 19 on 11 November 1970 against East Germany. Neeskens became a star of the international firmament in 1974, participating in the 1974 FIFA World Cup. In the first group stage he scored two goals (both from penalties) in the 4-1 win against Bulgaria; in the second group stage he scored as many goals, opening the scoring against East Germany and Brazil (both ended 2-0 for the "oranje"), ultimately being much more decisive than Johan Cruijff. This last goal, scored with a precise diagonal, was celebrated in an exuberant way by the whole Dutch team. The Netherlands thus reached the final where they faced the hosts of West Germany. It was Neeskens who scored the penalty caused by a foul of Uli Hoeneß on Cruyff, giving him the advantage in the second minute of play. Despite this episode, the match will end 2-1 for the Germans. Neeskens thus closed the world championship as top scorer of the "oranje" with 5 goals, a good booty for a midfielder.
At Argentina 1978 the Netherlands showed up without Cruijff, so it was up to Neeskens, Rensenbrink and Rep to lead the national team to the final which they lost 3-1 in extra time against the hosts. The Argentine Mundial was the end of a once-in-a-lifetime cycle for the oranje national team. Neeskens ended his career in his country's representative with a total of 49 competitive matches and 17 goals scored.
The can-can (also spelled "cancan") is a music hall dance, performed by a chorus line of female dancers who wear costumes with long skirts, petticoats, and black stockings, like the fashions of the 1890s. The can-can was first danced in low class ballrooms of Montparnasse in Paris about 1830. The dancers of the 1890s, such as La Goulue and Jane Avril, were highly paid for their appearances at the Moulin Rouge and elsewhere. The female dancers of the French Second Empire and the fin de siècle developed the various cancan moves.
Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (; ) is a 2011 Indian Hindi-language buddy road comedy drama movie directed by Zoya Akhtar and produced by Farhan Akhtar and Ritesh Sidhwani of Excel Entertainment. The movie features an ensemble cast consisting of Hrithik Roshan, Abhay Deol, Farhan Akhtar, Katrina Kaif, and Kalki Koechlin. It was filmed in Spain, India, Egypt, and the United Kingdom on a budget of . The music and score were composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy with lyrics by Javed Akhtar.
The club's first team plays in the German Second Bundesliga. The second team of Werder Bremen is playing in Germanys 4th league. The women team is playing in the Second Bundesliga. Their colors are green and white (Grün und Weiß).
David John Tennant (né McDonald; 18 April 1971) is a Scottish actor. He is known for portraying the Tenth Doctor on "Doctor Who" from 2005 to 2010 and as Giacomo Casanova in the television series "Casanova".
The Hunger Games is a 2012 sci-fi adventure movie directed by Gary Ross made from Suzanne Collins’s book The Hunger Games. It is the first movie of many in the series. The story takes place in a distant future in the nation of Panem. Where a boy and girl is selected from each of the 12 districts to be in The Hunger Games. Katniss Everdeen (Jennifer Lawrence) [2] volunteers to take her younger sister Primrose Everdeen. Katniss competes in The Hunger Games with another tribute from her district Peeta Mallark (Josh Hutcherson).
Orvon Grover Autry (September 29, 1907 – October 2, 1998), better known as Gene Autry was an American movie actor and a singer. He was born in Tioga, Texas. He was also owner of a Major League Baseball team based in Los Angeles. His is best known for the song "Back in the Saddle Again" but he also performed many Christmas songs.
On 13th September 2016, Bishesh Huirem was allegedly beaten up by the personal security guards and armed personnels of Rural Development Minister "Moirangthem Okendra" in Imphal, Manipur. The incident happened in a road rage at around 10 pm during night. Consequently, Bishesh protested and served an ultimatum to Minister Okendra to apologize for the incident within seven days or face outcomes. However, the officials of the Minister rejected her claim over the incident. According to them, Bishesh was driving “dead drunk” and was even not able to reverse her car which was blocking the minister’s security escorts. Further, the minister's officials said that Bishesh was throwing tantrums claiming she had the right to drive and even attempted to forcibly open the minister’s vehicle's door. In response, Bishesh denied all the claims from the minister's officials as "baseless charges". She denied she was drunk. She clarified that she was not even consuming salt and oil in her diet for her hormone therapy in a preparation for a beauty contest. Shocked by the incident, she was hospitalized. The associations and organizations of various artistes banned all mobile theatres, films and music programmes in the Heirok Assembly Constituency (Minister Okendra's associated Constituency) until and unless he apologized.
The eastern grey has a soft grey, or sometimes brown fur. The fur on the chest and stomach is more pale, sometimes white. They have a small head and large ears. Their tails are about long. The male is much larger than the female. They have long eyelashes which protect their eyes from the sun. They live for around 15–20 years. Because they are marsupials, the female carries its young in special pouch. Babies are born about five weeks after mating. The tiny baby which is only about 15 millimetres long, and weighs less than one gram, crawls up into the pouch. Inside the pouch there are four nipples. The baby kangaroo, called a joey, will only use one of the nipples. It lives in the pouch for about eight months. It still drinks milk from its mother until about 18 months of age. The mother is able to have another joey in the pouch, which feeds from a different nipple. The mother provides a different mix of milk to each nipple. A joey can remain with its mother until it becomes an adult, at about four years old.
Ukhnaagiin Khurelsukh (, born 14 June 1968) is a Mongolian politician. In October 2017 he became the Prime Minister of Mongolia, he was Prime Minister until January 2021. He became the President of Mongolia in June 2021. He was elected to the Parliament of Mongolia three times – in 2000, 2004 and 2012.
Polish culture was very popular and greatly influenced European dance and music as well as Europeam ballrooms. Polonaise was introduced to France in the 17th century. Composers started to write polonaises for the piano. Pieces called "Polonaise" had already been composed by Bach, Handel, François Couperin and others, but it was Frédéric Chopin who in the 19th century wrote several Polonaises for piano which became famous. Most of them are very difficult to play, especially the famous Polonaise in A flat, Op. 53. Polonaise is the French word of the dance meaning the Polish woman/ girl, Polish adjective feminine, the original Polish name is Chodzony meaning „the walki g dance”.
After winning the World Cup, Everaldo and his teammates were treated like gods by the Brazilian people. Everaldo received numerous awards and was made an honorary member of the Rio Grande do Sul Football Federation. In addition, President Emílio Garrastazu Médici presented him with a check for 25,000 cruzeiro and a savings account for 5,000 cruzeiro. On June 30, 1970, almost a week after Everaldo returned from Mexico, Grêmio announced that he would dedicate the gold star in their logo to him for his achievements for the club and Brazilian football. He was the first football player from Rio Grande de Sul to become world champion with Brazil.
National coach Mário Zagallo did not include Everaldo in the squad for the Brazilian Independence Cup. This led to protest among Brazilian fans, who booed the national team in Brazil's last preparatory match against a selection of Gaúchos (of which Everaldo was part). Shortly afterwards, however, another setback for the left back. On October 18, 1972, during Grêmio's league game against Cruzeiro, Everaldo attacked the referee after he awarded a penalty kick to the opposing team. It was striking that three months earlier he had received the Prêmio Belfort Duarte received a sportsmanship award. Everaldo was banned from football for one year as a punishment and publicly announced that he would waive his right to the Belfort Duarte Prize.
Gertrude Baines (April 6, 1894 – September 11, 2009) was an American supercentenarian who was the oldest person in the world from January 2, 2009 until her death on September 11, 2009. She was the last person known to have been born in 1894.
The Battle of Narnaul (also called Battle of Nasibpur) was fought on 16 November 1857, between the British Raj and Ahirwal Kings during the First War of Indian Independence. In 1857, Pran Sukh Yadav, Rao Tula Ram ruler of Ahirwal and Rao Gopal Dev, Sri Guru Ajanbahu Rao Dhansinghji jagirdar of Charkhi Dadri with their army of 5,000 infantry and 2,000 cavalry fought with the British at Nasibpur fort in Narnaul. The battle was one of the most ferocious battles of the First War of Indian Independence. During the Battle of Narnaul at Nasibpur on 16 November 1857, British lost 7000 British soldiers and their commanders Colonel Gerrard and Captain Wallace.More than 2000 British soldiers and officers Captain Craige, Captain Kennedy and Captain Pearse were wounded. Colonel Gerrard died after getting mortally wounded in a military engagement against Rao Kishan Singh.Later, Pran Sukh Yadav settled at the village of Nihalpura and rehabilitated the kin of dead soldiers.
Rao Krishan Gopal, from Nangal Pathani village of Gurgaon district was the Kotwal of Meerut, who had played a prominent part in collaboration with Rao Tula Ram, Rao Gopal Dev, Rao Laxmi Chand and Pran Sukh yadav, by organising the patriotic forces and participating in several battles against the British troops. He and his younger brother, Rao Ram Lal, were killed in this battle of Nasibpur.
Danilo died on May 16, 1996 from pneumonia in poverty and oblivion while visiting in a homeless shelter in Rio de Janeiro 5 days after his teammate Ademir died, he was buried few days later. After his death he was still considered as one of the best defensive midfielders.
Danilo Alvim (3 December 1920 – 16 May 1996) is a former Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team. He was a member of the ill-fated Brazilian 1950 World Cup team. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest world's center-halves during his time, he was renowned as a very sophisticated and elegant player who possessed fine ball control and accurate long range passing, marking opponents and he was extremely fast. He was never sent off from the field. He was known as "Prince" due to the characteristic elegance of his style of play.
Danilo Alvim began his career at the age of 19 at the America club from his hometown of Rio de Janeiro. He got into the club's first team thanks to Flavio Costa, the coach of the Rio national team, who noticed the boy on the training field in Campo Celes, saying that he might play for the Rio national team. But the very next year, he was seriously injured: Danilo, who was trying to jump into a moving tram, was hit by a car, and he received 39 fractures, most of which fell on his legs and was rushed to the hospital. But even such an injury did not stop Danilo, he was treated for about 18 months, and later he trained hard and in 1942 again entered the field.
After several matches for America, Alvim was sent on loan to Canto do Rio. Danilo had to change the team because of the head coach of the club, Zhentil Cardozo, who arrived from the USA, who did not see the player in the squad. In Kanto, he began to show a high class of play. Upon returning to America, Danilo has already become a strong player. He quickly became a leader, and the leading clubs in the state began to “hunt” for him.
Danilo made his international debut during Copa América 1945 when Brazil finished second and also in 1946. He won the Roca Cup with Brazil national team in 1945. His first international goal was against Uruguay in 1948. Danilo won the 1949 Copa América and scored once, he said that the tournament was the best of his life. He was a starter for the famous 1950 World Cup team, unjustly remembered for losing the last game to Uruguay, despite being one of Brazil's best ever squads. Brazil only needed to draw Uruguay to win the 1950 FIFA World Cup at the Maracanã stadium. Uruguay came from a goal down to win the match 2-1. This defeat is remembered today as the Maracanaço. After the match Danilo was sad and he was consoled by his teammates and opponents, Although he was not blamed for the defeat, his teammates has stated that he had a good match. It is considered Brazil's worst disaster in history. Danilo is, till today, considered one of Brazil's most complete centre-halves and, by some, a top 10 among Brazil's craques. Just as Ademir, Zizinho, Jair and others on the 1950 team, he would likely be regarded even more highly if it were not for that one day in the Maracanã stadium. In 1952 he returned to the Brazil national team after being absent for 2 years and he won the Panamerican Championship, In 1953 Danilo was selected to play for the Copa América and he formed with Bauer and Bigode a formidale midfield trio, he was a true playmaker during the tournament and the Seleção ended up as runners-up. He retired after the tournament. He played 27 games with 2 goals between 1945 and 1953. He also won the Roca Cup in 1945, Copa Rio Branco in 1947 and 1950 and Taça Oswaldo Cruz in 1950.
Neopronouns are new words used as third-person pronoun, used in place of he, she, it, one pronoun and singular they. Neopronouns are used by some non-binary people. The 2021 Gender Census of non-binary people found that the most common neopronoun was xe/xem, another example of neopronouns are thon/thons.
Orientalism is an idea that the Eastern world and the Western world have opposite ways of thinking in terms of being and knowledge. It is often shown in the superiority of the West and the inferiority of the East. Edward Said was the first person to use the word this way in his 1978 book "“Orientalism”". He describes Orientalism as “a style of thought based upon an ontological and epistemological distinction made between ‘the Orient’ and ‘the Occident’ ”. Before the term Orientalism was used by Said, it had a different meaning. In 1798, after Napoleon invaded Egypt, an era started. During this era, it was easier for European colonial powers to use their economic and political power over much of Asia and Africa. This allowed for more academic study of the East than before. This was called “the Oriental renaissance” in the 19 century. It had a large and broad effect on literature, art, and architecture in Europe.
During the 19th and 20th centuries, the term Orientalism was used to describe the effects of the Orient’s influence on art, literature, and architecture fields. It was also used to label the academic study done by philologists (people who study the history of language) who were focused on the Oriental languages and the understanding of ancient Oriental texts. This knowledge was thought to be enough to understand Oriental civilizations. There was no interest to the day-to-day life of these Oriental communities and their heterogeneous customs and traditions.
During the time of colonial power in the 19th and 20th centuries, the role of the Orientalist academic changed. The knowledge that was learned in this field of study was used to justify European colonialism over the Arab world.
Beginning in the 19th century, the "Oriental Renaissance" influenced European culture in many ways. In the architectural field there are many different revivals in Europe. The Indo-Saracenic revival at the end of the 18 century, or the Egyptian revival, recreated buildings with motifs taken from the Indian subcontinent and Egypt.
The “Oriental Renaissance” affected also the Romantic movement. In fact, romantic writers and artists showed a great interest in this Oriental rediscovery. A great example can be found in Flaubert’s (one of the most important French writer of the 19 century) novel Salammbò in 1862, where the Orient is depicted as something opposite of the Occident, eroticized and exoticized. Travelers’ accounts were very popular and contributed to form an imaginary vision of the Orient in the Western societies. Lord Byron, Victor Hugo, Nerval, Chateaubriand are some of the famous writers of the time that evoked exotic scenes and wild adventures by their accounts.
During the 19 century, Orientalist painting movement also developed. The drawings of the French painters Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres and Eugene Delacroix, or the English painter William Holman Hunt are important examples of this movement. They depicted the East as something different, dangerous, wild, sexual, often because of their imagination and not because of the reality. For example, the French painter Ingres drew images of nude Oriental women using ancient Greek and Roman sculptures rather than real models. It would have been very difficult to persuade a woman in the Arab and Indian world to pose naked.
This was because the main goal was to capture the imagination of the European people. The harem was at the center of European sexual fantasies. Naked and half-naked women in the harem were the subject of many Orientalist paintings, but painters rarely ever got to see an actual harem. Other popular images used by Orientalist painters included mainly concubines and exotic landscapes. The Orient was often eroticized, the Muslim was presented as a violent and sexually perverted person, and the Muslim woman was viewed as oppressed and enslaved by the Muslim male. Travel stories, literary works, and artistic works contributed strongly to create the image of a strange, different, exotic, and dangerous Orient.
Starting from the 19 century, the term Orientalism was used to indicate also a scholarly field specialized in Oriental languages and sacred ancient texts. In the late 18 century and early 19 century, studies about Sanskrit, Persian, and Egyptian hieroglyphs started to become very popular. New institutions were established during this period to help developing these studies. In 1795 was established the School of Living Oriental Languages in Paris in 1795, in 1821 the Societe Asiatique, the Royal Asiatic society in London in 1834, the American Oriental society in 1842.
Philology was considered to be the only necessary thing to understand Oriental civilizations. Orient was a wide and vague term. However, it was clear that the Orientalists studied mostly the Islam and Muslims rather than India and China. Over the time the Oriental studies were divided into more specific labels such as “Near Eastern” and “East Asian” departments. Finally, at the beginning of the 20 century the term “Middle East” was invented by the US army.
Every Orientalist assumption about the East starts with the premise that the Europeans were the modern colonizers, and the Orientals were the backward subjects. “Belonging to a country with definite interests in the Orient” has surely influenced the point of view of these scholars about the East. According to the Orientalist vision, the Orient and Orientals were objects of study, and the Europeans were the subjects. Orientalism was based upon the belief in a basic difference between the East and the West, and deeply influenced by the Essentialism. According to this current of thought, human history is divided into civilizations with their own unique and unchangeable essences. The people and their characteristics could be understood by studying these unchanging cultural essences in the ancient and authoritative texts of the classical period (the Golden age in Islam is a period that goes from the 8 to the 14 century). The interest in the present conditions of the Muslims and their current thoughts were not important for a good comprehension. That is why the Oriental scholar was typically a philologist. From this ideology originated the abstract concept of the homo Islamicus, or Arabicus. This homo Islamicus was a specific type of human being, had a fixed mindset, and was clearly opposed to the Western mindset. In fact, the Islamic civilization was considered, in these essentialist terms, a coherent civilization that remained the same in all times and places, from the rise of Islam until today. Islam was considered the opposite of Western civilization, rigid, inflexible, tyrannical, in decline, hostile to outside influences, inferior, and these characteristics were considered part of the essence of the Islamic civilization. Instead, the Western civilization was considered modern, rational, liberal, advanced, and the top of the human hierarchy. “The West”, by defining “the Orient”, was defining itself. Orientalists believed that Islamic civilization reached its prime under the Abbasid dynasty during the 8/10 century, and then gradually lost its energy and vigor. A clear example of this way of thinking can be found in the lecture “Islam and science” that Ernest Renan (France’s most important philologist and scholar of religion) gave at University of Sorbonne of Paris in 1883. Islam was considered inferior, not rational, opposed to the science, and the Muslim was fanatical. Renan affirmed that the period of splendor during the Abbasid dynasty was due only to the scientific tradition of Greek antiquity that was been preserved until that moment. This kind of discourse supported the idea of Western superiority and legitimized European colonialism.
Similar views were still present in the 20 century and can be traced in many important academic works such as "The Decline of the West" (1918) by Oswald Spengler, or "A study of history" by Arnold Toynbee (1934-61); both works present Orientalist concepts. Another important book, "The government of the Ottoman Empire in the time of Suleiman the Magnificient" was written by Albert Howe Lybyer in 1913. Lybyer was not able to read the Turkish Ottoman language, but several generations of scholars accepted his argumentations until the 50s and 60s. He argued that the period of maximum splendor of the Ottoman empire, in the 15/16 century under the Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, occurred because Christian subjects from the Balkans and Caucasus ruled the institutions of the Empire. Once the Islam played a central role in the government, the Ottoman empire became ineffective and decadent.
Hamilton Gibb and Harold Bowen published "Islamic society and the West" in 1950-57. Gibb was one of the most famous Orientalist of his day. In this book, they affirm that until the 19 century the Islamic society was not influenced by the Western civilization. Islam was an expression of a fixed and unchangeable set of beliefs valid to every place and time. Problems that Muslims were facing during the 20th century could be understood through the medieval Islamic thought. Bowen and Gibbs portrayed an Islamic civilization that remained the same during the centuries, characterized by of despotism and lack of cohesion. They ignored the different forms of Islam practiced in the world. From Morocco to Indonesia, all was considered the same static and rigid Islamic society.
The Orientalist scholarship was in part used by colonial powers to justify colonialism. Silvestre de Sacy, the most important Orientalist scholar of his period, advised the French government during the invasion of Algeria in 1830. In the early 20 century, the Orientalist scholar Snouck Hurgonje helped the Dutch government in the formulation of the policies during the colonization of Indonesia. Thomas Edward Lawrence, famous for his nickname “Lawrence of Arabia”, was an Orientalist scholar and student of the Oxford Orientalist and archeologist D.G. Hogarth. Lawrence was sent by the British government to Arabia to join the Arab rebel forces in the “Arab revolt” during the First World War. Lord Cromer is a great example to see how colonial power and Orientalist knowledge were connected. Cromer was general counsel of the British protectorate of Egypt from 1883 to 1907, and was considered an authoritative figure on Egypt and the Orient. In 1908 published ‘"Modern Egypt’". He gave an account of his permanence in Egypt. In his narrative, we find all the characteristic elements of Orientalism. In fact, he placed a clear distinction between the rational and advanced West, and the irrational and submissive East. Muslim women were seen as enslaved, and Islam as an unchanging, backward, and oppressive religion. He affirms that the Egyptians are incapable of governing themselves, highlighting instead the civilizing mission of the British colonists.
Orientalism is a theory put forward by Edward Said in his book, ""Orientalism"" (1978). The book had a huge impact, it quickly gained popularity, and was translated in more than 35 languages. The book explores how the West depicts the East. The West depicted the East as 'Other' and essentially inferior. This 'Otherness' helped the West to justify the colonisation of the East. Edward Said defines Orientalism as: <nowiki>"</nowiki>"a way of coming to terms with the Orient that is based on the Orient<nowiki>'s special place in European Western experience."</nowiki>" The relationship between the Orient and Occident goes way back, European powers like France and Britain have a long history in the Orient, influencing it, imperialising and colonising it. Said states that the relationship between the Orient and Occident is one of power. The Orient, seen as a place of sensuality, immorality, exoticism. and authoritarianism, is compared to the West, defined as being rational, liberal, moral, diametrically the opposite.
To define the concept of Orientalism, Said was deeply influenced by the French thinker Michel Foucault and his theory of power and knowledge. A second important figure for Edward Said was the Italian thinker Antonio Gramsci, known for his theories about the cultural hegemony. Gramsci states that rulers do not obtain their power by being violent; instead, through the ideology, they induce the people to accept their power. Using a similar logic, Said stated that the West had legitimated its hegemony over the Orient by promoting certain ways of thinking.
Lady Godiva was the wife of Earl Leofric of Mercia. The Earl’s taxes were very high, and people in Coventry were very upset about it. Lady Godiva begged her husband to lower the taxes many times, but he never agreed to. Finally, the Earl told Lady Godiva that if she rode through the streets completely naked, he would lower the taxes. Lady Godiva sent a message through town that told everyone to close their shutters and stay indoors. Then, she rode through town only clothed by her hair. The Earl gave in and lowered the taxes of the town. However, a tailor named Tom drilled a hole through his shutters, and caught a glimpse of Lady Godiva. He was struck blind, some think from heaven, and some think the town “took care of him” themselves. There were many celebrations to remember Lady Godiva’s courage.
Zombies 3 is a 2022 American film directed by Paul Hoen and written by David Light and Joseph Raso. It is a sequel to the 2020 film, Zombies 2.
The zombies were heading off for their championship game when aliens arrived and destroyed their bus. The aliens, A-Li, A-Spen, and A-Lan not long after, there was a dispute between the aliens and werewolves. Addison finds out she part alien and transform in front of her parents, Bree, Zed, the aliens and her friends in the cheer squad and even Bucky! The aliens also finds out that the most precious thing was Addison as their scout commander was Addison's Grandmother. The werewolves allowed the aliens to borrow the moonstone and Zed and Addison help charge the mothership. In the end, Addison's Mum, Missy, rips of her hair to reveal her white (not because she is old). Addison says she has known all along. Addison, Eliza, Bonzo, Bree, Zed, Zoey, Wyatt, Willa and Wynter joined in by singing Someday. After leaving, Addison reviews her memories and the aliens finds out that disharmony is good and that Earth is the best place. When the zombies, humans and werewolves Saw Addison and the aliens they were so happy that decided to party. They learn to embrace change and harmonise with each other. Before the end credits, there was a funny scene of Bucky spreading cheer to space!
Ricardo Alberto Barreda (16 June 1936 – 25 May 2020) was an Argentine convicted mass murderer and former dentist. He was born in La Plata, Argentina. On November 15 1992, he murdered his wife, two daughters and his mother-in-law. In 1995, he was sentenced to life imprisonment. He was granted house arrest in 2011, but was soon put back in jail after violating it.
Bartók did not feel comfortable in the US, and found it very difficult to compose. He was also not very well known in America, and not many people were interested in his music. He and his wife Ditta gave concerts, and for a while, they were given some money to work on a collection of Yugoslav folk songs. They did not have very much money, although he had some friends who gave them enough to live on. Serge Koussevitsky asked him to write the " Concerto for Orchestra ". This soon became Bartók's most popular work, and brought him some money. He was also asked by Yehudi Menuhin to write a "Sonata for Solo Violin". This seemed to make him interested again in composing, and he went on to write his "Piano Concerto No. 3" and began work on his " Viola Concerto".
During the war, in 1942, Karajan married Anita Gütermann. She was the daughter of a rich man who had a business making sewing machines. His wife was partly Jewish. This caused the Nazis to talk about whether Karajan should still be allowed to conduct. By 1944, he was not in favour with the Nazis, but he was still conducting in Berlin. He left Berlin and went to Milan, Italy with his wife in February 1945. Karajan divorced Anita in 1958.
Edmund Spenser (; c. 1552 – 13 January 1599) was an poet from England. He was most known for his poem "The Faerie Queene", which talks about different knights who fight against evil. The poem also praises Queen Elizabeth I of England. He wrote also many sonnets and poems. The sonnets were collected under the name of Amoretti.
Martha Dandridge Custis Washington (June 2, 1731 – May 2, 1802) was the wife of George Washington, the first President of the United States. Although people only started using the term decades after her death, Martha Washington is considered to be the first First Lady of the United States.
She was born on June 2, 1731, at Chestnut Grove Plantation near Williamsburg, Virginia. Her parents were John Dandridge, an immigrant from England, and his wife Frances Jones. Her education consisted of the womanly arts such as needlework and playing musical instruments. Later in life, she would learn to manage a plantation.
Goulash (), is a soup or stew of meat and vegetables seasoned with paprika and other spices. Goulash came from Hungary and is commonly eaten in Central Europe and other parts of Europe. It is one of the national dishes of Hungary and a symbol of the country.
Margaret of Anjou (; 23 March 1430 – 25 August 1482) was the Queen consort of England by marriage to King Henry VI from 1445 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471. She was born in the Duchy of Lorraine into the House of Valois-Anjou. Margaret was the second eldest daughter of René, King of Naples and Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine.
Rugrats is an American animated television series created by Arlene Klasky, Gábor Csupó, and Paul Germain for Nickelodeon. The show focuses on a group of toddlers most prominently—Tommy, Chuckie, twins Phil and Lil, and Angelica—and their day-to-day lives, usually involving life experiences that become much greater adventures in the imaginations of the main characters.
The series premiered on August 11, 1991, as the second Nicktoon—after "Doug" and before "The Ren & Stimpy Show". Production was initially halted in 1993 after 65 episodes spanning three seasons, with the last episode airing on May 22, 1994. From 1995 to 1996, the only new episodes broadcast were "A Rugrats Passover" and "A Rugrats Chanukah", two Jewish-themed episodes that received critical acclaim; during this time, after the end of the show's production run, "Rugrats" began to receive a boost in ratings and popularity due to constant reruns on Nickelodeon.
The series focuses on the experiences of a courageous, adventurous one-year-old baby named Tommy Pickles and his group of playmates – several other infants and toddlers, some of whom debuted later in the series. Chuckie, Tommy's bespectacled, red-headed, insecure, cowardly two-year-old best friend; the twins Phil and Lil, noted for their revolting eccentricities and love of digging for and eating insects and earthworms; Tommy's baby brother Dil (who was born in "The Rugrats Movie"); Angelica, Tommy and Dil's outrageously spoiled and selfish three-year-old cousin who is a "rival" of his friends and the main antagonist of the program; Kimi, Chuckie's adventurous, playful stepsister (introduced in "Rugrats in Paris") (later just his sister after adoption); and Susie, a good-hearted neighbor of the Pickles family, Angelica's schoolmate, friend, and "rival," who is better liked by the younger children and far more reliable than Angelica.
The other characters depicted in "Rugrats" include the babies' parents, who are portrayed as often being easily distracted, leaving their young children free to emancipate themselves from such restraints as playpens or strollers and venture out to explore. Such adult figures include Didi and Stu Pickles, Tommy and Dil's mother and father. Didi is a sweet, educated and loving mother who decides to return to college in one episode. Stu is an often-feckless toy inventor whose designs have been known to either fail or break. Other parents include Chas Finster, Chuckie's stereotypically nerdy and mild-mannered father, a widower who later remarries; Kira, Chuckie's sweet-natured, kind and understanding stepmother (later just his mother after adoption) whom Chas marries in "Rugrats in Paris"; Drew Pickles, Angelica's indulgent and doting father who pampers his daughter to a ridiculous degree; Charlotte Pickles, Angelica's workaholic mother who overindulges her daughter equally if often seen talking on her cell phone with an employee of hers named Jonathan, although neither of them afraid to put their foot down when they feel she is getting out of line; Betty DeVille, Phil and Lil's kind but boisterous feminist mother; and Howard DeVille, the twins' mild-mannered and soft-spoken father.
Susie's parents and elder siblings also make appearances in some episodes, and another major adult character includes Lou Pickles, Drew and Stu's father and Tommy, Angelica, and Dil's grandfather; an elderly widower who later remarries with an active woman named Lulu. Didi's parents, Jewish immigrants named Boris and Minka, also appear numerous times and serve as important characters and are often seen bickering. "Rugrats" also has animal characters, including the Pickles family dog, Spike, and Angelica's pet cat Fluffy. Spike played important roles, but most importantly was always ready to rescue Tommy when he was in danger.