timescale/wikipedia-22-12-simple-embeddings huggingface dataset:
While the A-10 has a lot of room on its wings to carry bombs and missiles, its main weapon is the front mounted gun, called the GAU-8 Avenger. It is a very long and heavy gun called a Gatling cannon, since it is a both an autocannon (fires large bullets very fast) and Gatling gun (has more than one barrel, which spins while shooting). The Avenger is so big that the A-10 had to be designed around it, leading to a joke that the A-10 does not have a gun attached, but the Avenger has a plane attached. The A-10 is the only aircraft to use the Avenger. Other American planes use the smaller Vulcan, also a Gatling cannon that uses smaller bullets.
Because the Avenger fires such big bullets (exploding artillery shells 3cm wide) at such a high rate of fire (up to 40 every second) many believe it can destroy any target very easily, even tanks with thick armor such as the M1 Abrams. However, while the bullet can go through thin metal on a car or truck, it cannot penetrate the thick metal walls of a tank. It can only destroy them because most tanks only have thinner metal on the top to make them lighter. If an A-10 hits this thinner armor, then destruction is more likely, but if it hits the front or sides where the armor is thicker, then the tank crew and systems will survive.
The Romans built great roads and bridges. Many of the aqueducts they made are still there and used. Rome also had the first hospitals in the Western World. They also had the first system of state medicine for poor people. Their buildings were decorated by mosaics on the floors, and mural paintings done directly on the walls.
Penicillin is a group of common antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections. It was one of the first to be discovered, and worked well against staphylococci and streptococci. Many strains of bacteria are now resistant. Chemists keep changing part of its structure in the effort to keep it working against the bacteria.
Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (; ; born 15 July 1949) was the acting President of the United Arab Emirates, Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and ruler of the Emirate of Dubai.
Three weeks after making his senior début for United in early 2016, Rashford made his first appearance for the England under-20 team, providing an assist for Kasey Palmer in a 2–1 defeat to Canada under-20s. Despite already making his senior début earlier in the year, Rashford was called up to the England under-21 team for the first time in August 2016 for a fixture in September against Norway under-21s. He scored a hat-trick in the 6–1 home victory over Norway in his only appearance for the team, scoring the third with a penalty, his first since turning professional. Under-21 manager Gareth Southgate praised Rashford for his humility in dropping down to under-21 level.
Despite having already made his senior tournament début, it was expected Rashford would be available for selection for the 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, with the hopes of gaining more tournament experience. United manager José Mourinho responded to these reports by stating it would make no sense for his development as he was already playing senior football. In April 2017, Mourinho appeared to concede Rashford would attend the tournament, saying he had no right to stop him from participating, but later in the month reiterated his opinion that dropping down wouldn't make sense, with Rashford having gained so much senior experience throughout the season. In May, Rashford made the decision not to go to the tournament, and was instead selected for the senior squad by Southgate, the new manager. Southgate praised the decisions taken by United coaching staff in helping maximise the potential of Rashford by not allowing him exposure at youth level for England, saying his development had been handled well by all parties.
The Usos (born August 22, 1985) are a professional wrestling tag team consisting of identical twin brothers Jimmy and Jey Uso. They are signed to the WWE.
Melanie Brown (born 29 May 1975) is a British singer, songwriter and television personality. She is best known as a member of the Spice Girls. She became known for her big frizzy hair during the groups early years and her nickname was "Scary Spice". She has also released two solo albums. "Hot" was released in 2000. "I Want You Back" was released as a single from the album. Missy Elliott rapped in it. It reached number one in the UK. Brown's second album "L.A. State of Mind" was released in 2005. In 1997 Brown acted in "Spice World". She won the Razzie Award for Worst Actress. The Spice Girls started in 1994. The band released three albums. They broke up in 2000. In 2007 the Spice Girls did a tour called The Return of the Spice Girls.
Some later examples from the U.S.A. are Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, the Incredible Hulk, Spider-Man and the X-Men. Some comic companies are DC Comics and Marvel Comics.
Many comic books are about superheroes, but many others are about other things. DC and Marvel the comic book popular superheroes characters which respectively introduced Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Spider-Man, the Incredible Hulk, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four and the Avengers. Very often, characters in books, video games, movies and television appear in comics, and sometimes comic book characters are used in movies, TV shows or video games.
Phylum is the next level of classification and is more specific than the kingdom. There are 35 phyla in kingdom Animalia. For Example – Porifera, Chordata, Arthropoda, etc.
Class was the most general rank in the taxonomic hierarchy until phyla were introduced. Kingdom Animalia includes 108 classes including class Mammalia, Reptilia, Aves, etc. However, the classes used today are different from those proposed by Linnaeus and are not used frequently.
Family is a category of taxonomic hierarchy includes various genera that share a few similarities. For eg., the families in the order Carnivora include Canidae, Felidae, Ursidae, etc.
A genus is a group of similar species. Some genera have only one species and is known as monotypic, whereas others have more than one species and are known as polytypic. For example, lion and tiger are placed under the genus "Panthera".
Species is the lowest level of taxonomic hierarchy. There are about 8.7 million different species on Earth. It refers to a group of organisms that are similar in shape, form, reproductive features. Species can be further divided into sub-species.
Seppuku first developed in the 12th century as a means for samurai to achieve an honorable death. Swordsmen performed the ritual to avoid capture following battlefield defeats, but it also functioned as a means of protest and a way of expressing grief over the death of a revered leader. Beginning in the 1400s, seppuku evolved into a common form of capital punishment for samurai who had committed crimes. In each case, it was considered an act of extreme bravery and self-sacrifice that embodied Bushido, the ancient warrior code of the samurai. There was even a female version of seppuku called “jigai,” which involved cutting the throat using a special knife known as a “tanto.”
Seppuku fell out of favor with the decline of the samurai in the late-19th century, but the practice didn’t disappear entirely. Japanese General Nogi Maresuke disemboweled himself in 1912 out of loyalty to the deceased Meiji Emperor, and many troops later chose the sword over surrender during World War II. Perhaps the most famous case in recent history concerns Yukio Mishima, a renowned novelist and Nobel Prize nominee who committed ritual seppuku in 1970 after leading a failed coup against the Japanese government.
The band gained significant notoriety thanks to Eminem's international success. Taking advantage of this success, they have managed to rank their albums at the top of sales in many countries, including the United States and the United Kingdom. Their best known singles were "Fight Music", "Purple Pills", "My Band", "Shit on You", and "How Come". Since 2006 after the death of Proof, the group has remained almost inactive because of Eminem's drug problems. It led to its withdrawal from the music scene for more than three years and the departure of Mr. Porter and Bizarre in 2012. However, the group reformed several times in 2014, only for Eminem to announce their breakup on "Stepping Stone" from "Kamikaze".
Shish kebabs are derived from the Turkish şiş which means skewer. They are cooked or grilled on skewers, over hot coals or wood. These kababs originated in Iran and Afghanistan and then spread out to Turkey, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, India. They are also very popular now in Europe and the United States.
PAW Patrol is a Canadian and French CGI-animated television series created by Keith Chapman. It is produced by Spin Master Entertainment with animation provided by Guru Studio. In Canada, the series is shown on TVOKids. In the United States, the series is shown on Nickelodeon instead.
In a town called Adventure Bay, a 10-year-old boy named Ryder leads a team of dogs who call themselves the PAW Patrol. The main six dogs are named "Chase", "Marshall", "Rocky", "Skye", "Rubble", and "Zuma". They work together to protect their town. Each dog has a set of skills based on emergency service jobs, such as a firefighter, a police officer, and an aviation pilot. They all reside in doghouses that transform into customized vehicles for their missions. They are also equipped with backpacks called "pup packs" that contain tools that relate to the pups' jobs.
TVO and Treehouse (Onartio) Télé-Québec (Quebec) Knowledge Kids (British Columbia) Citytv Saskatchewan (Saskatchewan) CTV 2 Alberta (Alberta) Nickelodeon Nick Jr. and Nicktoons (United States) ABC (Sydney) TVNZ (Auckland) ATV (Turkey) Zee TV (India) Nick Jr (United Kingdom and Ireland) EBS (South Korea) TF1 (France)
Ezra Olubi (born 12 November 1986 )in Ibadan is a Nigerian entrepreneur, LGBT advocate, IT expert, Mobile App, and Software developer. He is also the Chief Technology Officer and Co-founder of Paystack.
Olubi graduated from Babcock University in 2006 with a degree in Computer Science. In 2016, he and Shola Akinlade cofounded an E-payment system known as PayStack that became the first Nigerian company to be accepted into the tech accelerator Y Combinator program, with a funding of $120,000. Paystack was later acquired by Stripe, a technology-based Company for $200 million in 2020.
On 10 April 2021, he shared photos of what he wore to a friend's wedding on his Twitter handle, with the caption, "My friend invited me to her wedding party and all I heard was "Ezra get dressed!" Although, he has reiterated that he is heterosexual, he wears lipsticks and nail polish.
At the 2022 National Honors event conducted on October 11, Ezra got the OON award (Order Of The Niger) which was presented by Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari
In an equation, the "terms" are all the numbers/variables (like formula_1 or formula_2) and all the operators (like formula_3 or formula_4). Terms can be grouped in brackets (often parentheses) in an overall expression. For example, in
Victoria Paris (November 22, 1960 – August 10, 2021) was an American pornographic actress and model. She was born in Great Falls, Montana. Paris began her career in 1989 and retired in 2002. She was a nude model for "Hustler" magazine, "High Society" and "Penthouse" in 1988.
A national song is a country's official national song that the people of a country use to remember and respect their country.
The plum pudding model is an early 20th century model of an atom. It was later found to be wrong. It was proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1904, after the electron had been discovered, but before the atomic nuclei was discovered. During that time, scientists knew that there was a positive charge in the atom that balanced out the negative charges of the electrons, making the atom neutral, but they didn't know where the positive charge was coming from. Thomson's model showed an atom that had a positively charged medium, or space, with negatively charged electrons inside the medium. Soon after its proposal, the model was called a "plum pudding" model because the positive medium was like a pudding, with electrons, or plums, inside.
The Thirty Years' War was fought from 1618 until 1648. Though it was primarily centered in Germany, several other countries became involved in the conflict, including France, Spain, and Sweden. In fact, almost all of the powerful countries in Europe were involved in the war. It began as a fight about religion between Protestants and Catholics. As the war continued, the Catholic Habsburg dynasty and other countries used the war to try to get more power. For example, Catholic France fought for the Protestants, which made the France-Habsburg rivalry even worse.
The Peace made the violence end for a bit, but it did not fix the real reason for the fighting. Bothgroups thought that the Peace different things. The Lutherans said it was only an agreement that would last for a short time. Calvinism came quickly into German andas a third Christian group in Germany, but it was not part of the Peace of Augsburg. That meant that Calvinists argued with both Lutherans and Catholics.
Secondly, the powerful countries in Europe in the 17th century often disagreed about matters of politics or economics. Spain wanted land in some of the German states because the Germans owned some of the Spanish Netherlands. The Dutch fought the Spanish to get independenceand got it in some wars that ended in 1609.
Thirdly, the Holy Roman Empire was a broken group of nations inside a bigger empire. The empire had nations like the Austrian House of Habsburg, Bavaria, the Electorate of Saxony, the Margravate of Brandenburg, the Electorate of the Palatinate, Hesse, the Archbishopric of Trier and Württemberg and other small nations and towns. Only Austria was capable of operating on its own. Countries often made alliances with other places ruled by relatives. Because there were so many nations inside the empire, the nations disagreed with one another often, and the government could not control the whole empire very well. This meant that the government could not fix the problems in the country.
Fourthly, religious groups did not agree during the second half of the 16th century. The Peace of Augsburg was not working because some bishops had not given up their bishoprics, and Catholic rulers in Spain and Eastern Europe wanted to make Catholicism strong in the region. This caused fighting between the groups. The Catholics made many Protestants leave their home lands. Some places gave Protestants permission to worship. The disagreements caused violence.
There are at least 43 countries in Europe (the European identities of 5 transcontinental countries: Cyprus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkey are disputed). Most of these countries are members of the European Union.
Fifthly, the Holy Roman Emperor Matthias, a Catholic, died without any children to take his place in 1619. His lands were given to his cousin Ferdinand of Styria, Matthias's closest male relative, who became Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. Ferdinand had been educated by the Jesuits. A Catholic, he wanted to make Catholicism the only religion again. This made him unpopular in the German state of Bohemia sinc most people there were not Catholics but Hussites. They rejected Ferdinand and launched the Thirty Years' War. The war can be divided into four major phases: the Bohemian Revolt, the Danish intervention, the Swedish intervention, and the French intervention.
Bohemia was so angry about the Catholics it they decided to not make Ferdinand II the king of Bohemia anymore andbut made Frederick V the king instead. However, because Matthias was dead and so Ferdinand was the next person waiting to be the emperor, Ferdinand was in charge of the whole Holy Roman Empire now. Some people also thought Frederick should not be allowed to be king of Bohemia.All of that made the Holy Roman Emperor decide to fight Bohemia.
They are among the smallest of birds: most species measure 7.5–13 cm (3–5 in). The smallest living bird species is the 2–5 cm bee hummingbird. They can hover in mid-air by rapidly flapping their wings 12–80 times per second (depending on the species). They are also the only group of birds able to fly backwards. Their rapid wing beats do actually hum. They can fly at speeds over 15 m/s (54 km/h, 34 mi/h).
Hummingbirds do not spend all day flying, as the energy cost would be prohibitive; much of their activity consists of sitting or perching. Hummingbirds feed in many small meals, consuming many small invertebrates and up to twelve times their own body weight in nectar each day. They spend an average of 10–15% of their time feeding and 75–80% sitting and digesting.
iOS (previously named iPhone OS) is an OS for devices, made and sold by Apple's OS Company It is the mobile OS of the iPhone, the iPod, the iPad, Apple TV and similar devices. At first iOS was called iPhone OS, but it was renamed to iOS in 2010 to show that the operating system was being supported on new Apple devices.
iOS was released in 2005, simply known as running a version of OS X for the first generation iPhone. Apple said on January 9, 2007 at a conference that there will be a new product, the iPhone, and it would have a "revolutionary" operation system.
On March 6, 2006, Apple renamed this form of OS X to "iPhone OS" following the release of the iPhone software devo kit.
The war lasted 116 years and started because Charles IV of France died in 1328 without an immediate male heir (a son or a younger brother). Edward III of England believed that he then had the right to become the new king of France through his mother.
Since the French did not want a foreign king, Philip VI of France said that he was king because the Salic law prevented French women from ruling or transmitting the right to rule to their sons. Both countries went to war because the English did not have that rule.
The English won a major victory at sea in the Battle of Sluys in 1340, which prevented France from invading England. Most of the rest of the war was fought in France. England then won an overwhelming victory at the Battle of Crécy in 1346 against all odds. The use of the English longbow and stakes to counter the French cavalry played a decisive role in that victory.
The most famous part of the war began in 1415, when Henry V of England invaded France and won the infamous Battle of Agincourt, again because of his great longbowmen. Much of the French nobility is said to have been killed in the battle. King Charles VI of France was insane and unable to rule, and nearly all if his sons died young.
The queen of France, Isabeau of Bavaria, married one of her daughters to Henry V and signed the Treaty of Troyes to make Henry V the next king of France. Both Henry V and Charles VI died around the same time in 1422. The English believed that Henry V's son, Henry VI of England, was now the rightful king of France, and many French people agreed.
Left-wing politics is usually progressive, meaning that left-wing people think the government should be the entity behind social change. They believe governments should try to create more social equality and economic equality through direct intervention and the regulation of markets.
Right-wing people tend to say the government should not be behind social change, instead delegating the authority to individuals. Definitions of "right-wing" vary, however conservatives oppose drastic changes by the government to the structure of society, occasionally supporting moves back to the way certain things were in the past (or the way people think it was in the past).
Ideologies representative of the authoritarian wing of the far left include Socialism, while the libertarian wing is represented by Communism. The authoritarian wing of the far right is represented by Fascism, while the libertarian wing is represented by Anarcho-capitalism.
Infinity (formula_1) is a number which is about things that never end. It is written in a single digit. Infinity means many different things, depending on when it is used. The word is from Latin origin, meaning "without end". Infinity goes on forever, so sometimes space, numbers, and other things are said to be 'infinite', because they never come to a stop.
A honey bee (or honeybee) is any bee that is a member of the genus Apis. They are all eusocial flying insects which live in colonies of various sizes. They are only a small fraction of the 20,000 known species of bee.
In addition to burning fossil fuels, human beings reduce the planets absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by cutting down trees. Methane is also added to the atmosphere by raising cattle and other farm animals, such as geese, turkeys, pigs, chickens, and sheep. Scientists have shown that producing 1 kg of beef results in more CO emissions than going for a three-hour drive while leaving all the lights on at home. Additionally, human activity adds water vapor to the atmosphere through increased evaporation by the use of cooling towers in thermal cycle power plants or creation of artificial lakes. These activities contribute to global warming.
The White House is the official residence and workplace of the President of the United States and the First Family. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C., and it has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in 1800.
The residence was designed by Irish-born architect James Hoban in the neoclassical style. Hoban modelled the building on Leinster House in Dublin, a building which today houses the Oireachtas, the Irish legislature. Construction took place between 1792 and 1800, using Aquia Creek sandstone painted white.
The modern-day White House complex includes the Executive Residence, the West Wing, the East Wing, the Eisenhower Executive Office Building (the former State Department, which now houses offices for the president's staff and the vice president) and Blair House, a guest residence. The Executive Residence is made up of six stories: the Ground Floor, State Floor, Second Floor, and Third Floor, as well as a two-story basement. The property is a National Heritage Site owned by the National Park Service and is part of the President's Park. In 2007, it was ranked second on the American Institute of Architects list of "America's Favorite Architecture".
President George Washington occupied two private houses in New York City as the executive mansion. He lived at the first, known as the Franklin House and owned by Treasury Commissioner through late February 1790. The executive mansion moved to the larger quarters of the Alexander Macomb House at 39–41 Broadway where he stayed, with his wife and a small staff until August 1790. In May 1790, New York began construction of a proper house for the presidential mansion, Government House. Washington never used the mansion because it was not completed until after the national capital was moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in December 1790.
The July 1790 Residence Act designated the capital be permanently located in the new Federal District, and temporarily in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for ten years while the permanent capital was built. Philadelphia rented the mansion of the wealthy merchant Robert Morris at 190 High Street as the President's House, which Washington occupied from November 1790 to March 1797. Since the house was too small to accommodate the thirty people who made up the presidential family, staff, and servants, Washington had it enlarged.
In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set on fire by the British Army in the Burning of Washington. Some of the soldiers who burned it were former slaves who had run away to fight with the British. The fire destroyed the inside of the house and charred much of the outside. Reconstruction began almost immediately. President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed house in October 1817. Construction continued with the addition of the South Portico in 1824 and the North in 1829.
Today the group of buildings housing the presidency is known as the White House Complex. It includes the central Executive Residence flanked by the East Wing and West Wing. The Chief Usher coordinates day to day household operations. The White House includes six stories and 55, of floor space, 132 rooms and 35 bathrooms, 412 doors, 147 windows, twenty-eight fireplaces, eight staircases, three elevators, five full-time chefs, a tennis court, a bowling alley, a movie theater, a jogging track, and a swimming pool. The White House receives up to 30,000 visitors each week.
They produce and store honey and make perennial, colonial nests from wax. in contrast to the stingless honey bees.
The original residence is in the center. Two colonnades, one on the east and one on the west designed by Jefferson, now serve to connect the East and West Wings added later. The Executive Residence houses the president's dwelling, as well as rooms for ceremonies and official entertaining. The State Floor of the residence building includes the East Room, Green Room, Blue Room, Red Room, State Dining Room, Family Dining Room, Cross Hall, Entrance Hall, and Grand Staircase. The Ground Floor is made up of the Diplomatic Reception Room, Map Room, China Room, Vermeil Room, Library, the main kitchen, and other offices. The second floor family residence includes the Yellow Oval Room, East and West Sitting Halls, the White House Master Bedroom, President's Dining Room, the Treaty Room, Lincoln Bedroom and Queens' Bedroom, as well as two additional bedrooms, a smaller kitchen, and a private dressing room. The third floor consists of the White House Solarium, Game Room, and a Linen Room.
The White House and grounds cover just over . Before the construction of the North Portico, most public events were entered from the South Lawn, the grading and planting of which was ordered by Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson also drafted a planting plan for the North Lawn that included large trees that would have mostly obscured the house from Pennsylvania Avenue. During the mid-to-late 19th century a series of ever larger greenhouses were built on the west side of the house, where the current West Wing is located. During the Kennedy administration, the White House Rose Garden was redesigned by Rachel Lambert Mellon. The Rose Garden borders the West Colonnade. Bordering the East Colonnade is the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden, which was begun by Jacqueline Kennedy but completed after her husband's assassination. Michelle Obama planted the White House's first organic garden and installed beehives on the South Lawn of the White House, which will supply organic produce and honey to the First Family and for state dinners and other official gatherings.
General Epistles or “Epistles General” (called ‘’Catholic Epistles by Catholics”) are books in the New Testament in the form of letters. The letters attributed to Paul are not included. Paul's letters are named for the church or person addressed. The General Epistles are named for their author instead of the church or person to whom they were written. Most of the General Epistles are written to all Christians. The second Epistle of John was written to an unnamed “elect” lady and her children (vs.1)(the word “elect” is a reference to Tribulation Jews, Matt. 24:21-22) the Third Epistle of John was written to his friend and elder Gaius.
Yahoo! is a web portal and an internet content and service provider. It offers many products and services, such as a search engine, e-mail, instant messaging, video, news, weather forecasting, money and other information. Yahoo! makes money from advertisements in their services. Yahoo started on October 8, 1997.
In January 1994, Jerry Yang and David Filo were Electrical Engineering graduate students at Stanford University. In April 1994, "Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web" was renamed "Yahoo!", for which the official is "Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle". Filo and Yang said they chose the name because they liked the word's general meaning, which comes from Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift: "rude, and ". Its URL was akebono.stanford.edu/yahoo. Yang describes their selection of the name as "We thought it fit well with what we were doing. It was irreverent. It was reflective of the Wild West nature of the Internet. A lot of people found it easy to remember, and besides, it's exactly what me and Jerry are. A couple of yahoos."
The term “drug misuse” is sometimes used when the drug being used is a prescription medication that are classified as sedatives (medicines that make someone calm), anxiolytics ( make someone less worried or anxious), analgesics (medicines that reduce pain), or stimulants (medicines that give someone more energy). Someone who abuses there drugs may have to illegally buy them from someone who gets them from doctor.
Malala Yousafzai (born 12 July 1997) is a Pakistani student and education activist. She is known for her activism for girls' and women's rights, especially for her campaign to allow girls to go to school. She was a victim of a gunshot attack in October 2012.
The first "Apis" bees appear in the European fossil record at the Eocene–Oligocene boundary (34 million years ago). This shows that the bees were present in Europe by that time. Few fossil deposits are known from South Asia, the suspected region of honey bee origin.
16 (also written as sixteen or six-ten) is a number. It comes between fifteen and seventeen, and is an even number. It is also the 4th square number, after 1, 4, and 9.
The close relatives of modern honey bees – bumblebees and stingless bees – are also social, but with smaller numbers in their families.
They are sometimes called "Eskimos", a word which likely comes from the Algonquin language and may mean "eater of raw meat" which is a fallacy many believe due to misinformation. The term Eskimo means "netter of snowshoes. Most Inuit prefer to be called by their own name, either the more general Inuit particularly in Canada or their actual tribe name. Inuit is a tribe name but not all indigenous Arctic peoples in North America are Inuits. Particularly in the United States Alaska, the word Eskimo would be accepted as a more general term, but would probably refer to themselves by their tribe name.
The 2022 FIA Formula One World Championship is a motor racing championship for Formula One cars. This is the 73rd running of the Formula One World Championship.
Max Verstappen was reigning Driver's Championship, claimed the second title after win the Japanese Grand Prix. Verstappen due to leave Red Bull Racing shortly after winning the title. He was the first reigning champion to do so since Nigel Mansell in . He was signed Action Express Racing at the 2023 IMSA SportsCar Championship, while his team, Red Bull Racing, achieved their fifth World Constructor Championship at the following United States Grand Prix. Mercedes were the reigning Constructors' Champions
Prior to the 2021 Dutch Grand Prix, Kimi Räikkönen announced his intention to retire at the end of the championship, ending his Formula One career after 19 seasons. Räikkönen's seat at Alfa Romeo was filled by Valtteri Bottas, who left Mercedes at the end of 2021. George Russell replaced Bottas, vacating his seat at Williams which was filled by former Red Bull Racing driver Alexander Albon.
During Bahrain Grand Prix weekend, Sebastian Vettel tested positive for coronavirus. He was replaced at Aston Martin by reserve driver Nico Hülkenberg, who last raced at the 2020 Eifel Grand Prix, driving for former team Racing Point. Vettel was also replaced by Hülkenberg at the subsequent Saudi Arabian Grand Prix.
During the Italian Grand Prix weekend, Alexander Albon suffered from appendicitis. He was replaced at Williams by the Mercedes reserve driver 2020–21 Formula E and 2019 Formula 2 Champion Nyck de Vries, who made his Formula One race debut.
Windows NT 6.x is a family of Microsoft Windows NT, starting with Vista and ending with 8.1. So far, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and the first release of Windows 8 are the only operating systems to have support dropped completely.
To be a war crime, a crime must be part of a plan, or the crime has to be committed against many people and must be committed during a war.
In the 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, many of the richer, more powerful European countries (such as Britain, France, Spain, and the Netherlands) established colonies in the continents of Africa, South America, Asia, and the Caribbean.
There are several different types of colonialism. Some countries that expanded their territory made settler colonies. Some countries that started out as settler colonies include the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the states of Latin America. In all of these countries, people from European countries moved to the best parts of the new place, and forced the indigenous peoples (such as Indians, Maori, etc.) to move. When the local people or tribes had to move, it caused a lot of problems. Many of these indigenous peoples were also enslaved, killed through genocide or died in pandemics because they had no immunity against infectious diseases brought by the settlers.
Jennifer Joanna Aniston (born March 11, 1969) is an American actor, movie producer, and television producer. She is best known for her starring role on the television program "Friends". For this she won an Emmy Award, and a Golden Globe Award. Since then she has been in many different movies.
The beta version of Windows 7 was released on January 9, 2009, and the release candidate was released on May 5. The final version of Windows 7 was sent to PC manufacturers on July 22, 2009, so that they have three months to change it and include it with their computers. Windows 7 was released to the public on October 22, 2009. The original release of Windows 7 was supported until April 9, 2013, after what, every Windows 7 user needs to install a Service Pack 1 i order to receive security updates and support after that date. With Service Pack 1 installed, Microsoft ended mainstream support for Windows 7 on January 13, 2015 and then stopped providing security updates for Windows 7 on January 14, 2020. On January 22, 2020 Microsoft Internet Games Services stopped working on Windows 7. Extended Security Updates (ESU) is a paid computer program which allows to receive security updates for Windows 7 until January 10, 2023. Extended Security Update Year 1 is $50 per device for Windows 7 Professional and $25 per device for Windows 7 Enterprise and was supported until January 12, 2021, Extended Security Update Year 2 is $100 per device for Windows 7 Professional and $50 per device for Windows 7 Enterprise and was supported until January 11, 2022, Extended Security Update Year 3 is $200 per device for Windows 7 Professional and $100 per device for Windows 7 Enterprise. Extended Security Update Year 3 in the 3rd and final release for ESU program for Windows 7 and is supported until January 10, 2023, until the same date as Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2 (with ESU), Windows 8 (with Windows 8.1 update) and Windows RT will be supported.
"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)", called "Waka Waka (Esto es África)" in Spanish, is a song by Colombian singer Shakira, featuring the South African band Freshlyground. It was released on 7 May 2010 by Epic Records as the official song of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which was held in South Africa. It was written, composed, and produced by Shakira and John Hill, "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" is a pop song.
It received positive reviews from critics, however, it was controversial after many South Africans expressed disappointment in FIFA's decision to select Shakira to sing the song, arguing that a native artist should performed it.
"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" peaked at number one on record charts of fifteen countries worldwide. It was the biggest song of 2010 in seven countries, is the seventh bestselling song of all-time in Switzerland, and the tenth in Belgium and France. "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" has sold 15 million downloads worldwide, becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time.
Elizabeth Woolridge Grant (born June 21, 1985), known by her stage name Lana Del Rey, is an American singer and songwriter from New York. She has sold about 19.1 million albums and 13 million singles around the world. She has released six albums and four EPs since 2008.
She released her first EP "Kill Kill" as Lizzy Grant in 2008. Two years later, she released her first studio album, titled "Lana Del Ray", by 5 Points Records. However, the album was pulled three months after its release. She released her first single as Lana Del Rey, "Video Games", in August 2011. It reached number one in the singles charts in Finland, Denmark,Germany, Japan, Slovakia, Scotland, and Luxembourg. Her second album "Born to Die" reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart when it was released on January 27, 2012. "Born to Die" was reissued on November 9, 2012 as "Born to Die: The Paradise Edition", which featured eight new songs. The new songs were featured in the separate EP, "Paradise." In 2013 "Young and Beautiful" was on the soundtrack to "The Great Gatsby". Her third studio album, "Ultraviolence", was released in 2014. A short film, "Tropico", was released on the website VEVO on December 5. It has songs from her "Paradise" EP in it. She has also modelled for H&M.
Syrian civil war, also known as the Syrian uprising (), or Syrian crisis (), is an ongoing armed conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic. The conflict started in 2011 after the Syrian government violently stopped pro-democracy demonstrations in the city of Daraa, resulting in a deathly struggle between the Syrian regime and multiple opposition groups. Since then, it has developed to be one of the most internationalized and impactful conflicts in the history of the modern Middle East.
Since 1970, Syria has been ruled by the Ba'ath Party. The Alawi general Hafez al-Assad took control in the country that year wiith a coup and became president. He has ruled the country for the next 30 years until his passing. In 2000, his son Bashar al-Assad followed him as Syria's president. Hafez al-Assad's regime was supposedly a secular regime, although coming from an Alawi family himself. The Alawis are a Shi'i Muslim minority in Syria. It is estimated that around 10% of the Syrian population belongs to the Alawi community. Even though they belong to the broader Shi'i Islam, they have a secretive and exclusive community. Their doctrine and theology is kept between the scholars of the community. Allthough most power resides within the Alawi minority, the Syrian population is actually very diverse. The Syrian population consists of Christians, Druzes, Yazedis and other minorities, but the biggest religious community of the country is the Sunni Islam community.
The Syrian Civil War started on the 15th of March 2011 with demonstrations in Deraa, demanding the Ba'ath government to resign and stop Assad's authoritarian rule. These demonstrations were the result of rising discontent among Syrian citizens regarding what Syria had become under the regime of president Bashar al-Assad. Most importantly, Syrian citizens were mad about the political repression by Assad's regime. The fact that the since 1971 ruling Assad family was Shia muslim, while the majority of Syrians were Sunni Muslim worsened this discontent. Furthermore, economically Syria was not doing well in the years before the outbreak of the civil war; inequality was high, unemployment rates had increased and a heavy drought had made food and water scarce. Because of this heavy drought between 2006 and 2011, almost 85% of the livestock, taking away the source of income for many agrarian Syrians. Most villagers moved to the big cities, but could not find work there, which led to high unemployment rates and rising discontent.
The Syrian uprising that followed can be seen in the bigger perspective of the Arab spring. In other Arab countries before 2011, discontent was also rising about the current political and economic environment. In December 2010, a Tunisian man named Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire after being repeatedly mistreated by government officials. This led to considerable civil unrest in the country and eventually to mass demonstrations. The Tunisian president, Ben Ali, eventually resigned and fled. Surrounding Arab countries followed and in many countries, the people started demonstrating, demanding political change. It did not take long for the Syrian people to follow these examples.
In March 2011, a group of children between the ages of 10 and 15 wrote antiregime graffiti on a wall. The regime quickly arrested these children and tortured them in prison. Consequently, demonstrations started to erupt in Daraa, demanding the immediate release of these children. The demonstrations in Daraa escalated after Syrian security forces reacted extremely violent, using water cannons, tear gas and live fire. The Syrian regime responded with increasingly more violence. Consequently, demonstrations spread across the country, resulting in the killing and detention of hundreds of protestors. This resulted in the beginning of an armed insurgency, starting with the formation of the Free Syrian Army in July 2011, consisting of defected army soldiers and civilian volunteers. Battles took place in many towns and cities across the country. As the military opposition became increasingly stronger and more organized, the United Nations officially declared the Syrian uprising a civil war in December of 2011.
Firstly, the most important actor in the Syrian Civil War is the Syrian Armed Forces, under the control of the Syrian government. The Syrian Armed Forces are fighting in support of Assad's regime and against the armed opposition forces. Both the United Nations Human Rights Council and the Syrian Network for Human Rights have concluded that the Syrian Armed Forces are guilty of the most and worst human rights abuses. Following huge amounts of defections, the Syrian Armed Forces have since late 2015 depended largely on hired militias and volunteers from outside of Syria.
Secondly, the opposition forces consist of a big number of factions, with the Free Syrian Army as an important coalition of several of these militias. The Free Syrian Army was founded by defecting Syrian Army officers with the goal to protect civilians and bring down the Syrian government. It claimed to be "the military wing of the Syrian opposition". Between 2011 and 2015, the Free Syrian Army lost most of its influence because of a lack of funding, fighting and rival Islamist groups. After the Turkish military intervention in 2016, most of the Free Syrian Army became the Syrian National Army, also known as the Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army. The Syrian National Army became a coalition of opposition forces, coordinated and funded by Turkey. The goals of the Syrian National Army are to counter Syrian government forces, the Syrian Democratic Forces and Islamist extremist forces, such as the Islamic State and Hay'at-Tahrir al-Sham.
Fourthly, numerous Islamist groups have been active in the Syrian Civil War. For example, in late 2011 the Islamist group al-Nusra Front began to have a bigger role in the forces. However, the most influential and effective Islamist group has been the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). They emerged in April of 2013 and As of 2014, they effectively were in control of 30% of Syria and 40% of Iraq. In July of 2014 they changed their name to simply Islamic State. ISIL has been fought by the Turkish-backed Syrian National Army, the Syrian Democratic Forces, the Syrian government forces and a US-led coalition of Western states. Consequently, by 2017 it had lost 95% of its territory and in 2018 it was declared officially defeated by the United States. This seems not to be entirely true, as more recent news has shown that IS is making a comeback. In 2022, already several attacks claimed by the Islamic State have been documented. ISIL has been widely known for its terroristic regime, including many human rights abuses, such as mass public executions and torture. The group attracted many young people from all over the world due to their anti-western and strongly Islamic attitude. Consequently, they have also done terrorist attacks in the West, which is why the West has been so focused on actively fighting IS.
While the Syrian civil war started out as a civilian uprising, foreign actors quickly became involved. Currently, the Syrian Civil War cannot simply be described as a domestic two-sided war, but must be described as several overlapping proxy wars. The first one of these is between the United States and Russia. Since 2015, Russia has been backing the Syrian government. The main reason for this is that stability in the region will make it easier for Russia to exert its influence. Furthermore, it is a perfect opportunity to display Russia's military capabilities. On the other hand, the United States and NATO are involved in the Syrian Civil War in part to counter this Russian influence in the MENA region.
The second proxy war is between Iran and Saudi Arabia. Iran has supported the Syrian government since the start of the conflict. Reasons for this are that Iran and Syria have long been allies and the survival of the Syrian regime is essential for Iran's geopolitical interests.  Iran has supported the Syrian regime by providing military supplies, helping pro-Assad militias and sending Hezbollah troops. Saudi Arabia on the other hand has since 2012 been funding and arming the rebels, together with Qatar.  The main reason for this is to counter Iranian power and achieve regional dominance.
The United Nations claim the humanitarian crisis is still getting worse in 2022 and a peace agreement is far from being reached. However, at the Brussels conference in 2022, international donors have agreed to provide Syria 6.7 billion USD for support and reconstruction.
Moreover, Turkey is an essential foreign actor in the Syrian Civil War. Turkey's main aim is to prevent the Syrian Democratic Forces from successfully create an autonomous state. As the leadership of the SDF, the Peoples Defense Unit (YPG), is largely Kurdish, the creation of an autonomous state would set an example for Kurds in Turkey. This would threaten Turkey's territorial integrity.  Furthermore, Turkey considers the YPG to be a terrorist organization. Throughout the war, Turkey has been a dominant force in Northern Syria, providing the opposition with military aid, building governance institutions and funding infrastructure projects.
The United Kingdom and France have also been significant actors in the conflict, as they have been providing aid to several moderate opposition forces. Both Turkey and Iran are also claimed to have recruited Pakistani mercenaries to fight for opposing sides, which could have also resulted them in fighting each other.
Critics argue the Western intervention at the time had used too much of an optimistic approach from the beginning. Most Western politicians thought that president Bashar al-Assad and his regime would fall within a year. They completely underestimated the strength of his regime. This is why the West did not intervene early on in the conflict. Only when the Islamic State made its come up did the West become more actively engaged in the conflict, because this threatened their own national security. However, there was never a defined plan, only the wish for removing the president and his current regime at the time from power. Russia and China on the other hand were always more actively engaged in the conflict, supporting the Syrian regime.
By July 2013, the Syrian government controlled approximately 30–40 percent of the country's territory and 60 percent of the Syrian population. In the beginning of 2022, the Assad regime is back to controlling more than 63% of Syrian territory, while the opposition forces control about 11% and the Syrian Democratic forces around 26%.