Writing prompt: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Cars

Student essay:
in the latest years, as the. developement of science and technology. there are more and more people buy cars.cars' disadvangtages and advantages aperce.
Every years,my familise and I would go to travel by cars to have a good time. evary week,my father would take car go home.with cars,peoplewill have convinent life and havemore timeand chances to have fun. in the all,cars pay a important. role in our life.
but on the other hand,cars also have disadvangtages. for example, in many large cities,there are too crowded to go to work for people in the morning. we have to say heavy transportation is a large problem. air pollution and greenhouse arecaused by cars.
carsjustis a tool.how touse it is dependonus.

Corrected essay:
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, more and more people have bought cars. Cars' disadvantages and advantages appear.
Every year, my family and I would travel by car to have a good time. Every week, my father would take the car to go home. With cars, people will have a convenient life and have more time and chances to have fun. All in all, cars play an important role in our lives.
But on the other hand, cars also have disadvantages. For example, in many large cities, it is too crowded for people to go to work in the morning. We have to say heavy traffic is a large problem. Air pollution and greenhouse effects are caused by cars.
Cars are just a tool. How to use them depends on us.

Error analysis:
error_sentence: in the latest years, as the. developement of science and technology.
correct_sentence: In recent years, with the development of science and technology, more and more people have bought cars.
error: in the latest
correction: In recent
error_type: Adjective Error
error_severity: 4
error_description: ① Case Error: According to English writing conventions, the first letter of the first word of a sentence must be capitalized, so the lowercase 〈in〉 is changed to the capitalized form 『In』 to ensure correct sentence start format; ② Determiner Error: According to English collocations, in the time expression 〈the latest years〉, "years" is a plural countable noun and does not require the determiner 〈the〉 for modification; it should be deleted to correctly express the concept of time; ③ Adjective Error: According to English expression habits, "latest" means "newest"; to express "recent years," "recent" is more customary, so 〈in the latest years〉 needs to be changed to the fixed phrase 『In recent years』.

error_sentence: in the latest years, as the. developement of science and technology.
correct_sentence: In recent years, with the development of science and technology, more and more people have bought cars.
error: as the. developement
correction: with the development
error_type: Preposition Error
error_severity: 5
error_description: ① Preposition Error: According to English grammar rules, the conjunction 〈as〉, when indicating a causal relationship, must introduce a complete clause; here, the preposition 『with』 should be used to indicate a concomitant state to meet the needs of expressing the meaning; ② Punctuation Error: According to English punctuation rules, there is an extra period in the middle of 〈the.〉; it should be deleted to ensure the completeness and readability of the word; ③ Spelling Error: According to English spelling rules, the noun 〈developement〉 should be spelled as the noun 『development』, meaning "development".

error_sentence: in the latest years, as the. developement of science and technology. there are more and more people buy cars.cars' disadvangtages and advantages aperce.

correct_sentence: In recent years, with the development of science and technology, more and more people have bought cars.
error: . there are
correction: ,
error_type: Sentence Structure Error
error_severity: 2
error_description: ① Punctuation Error: According to English compound sentence rules, the independent clause 〈there are...〉 has a logical connection with the preceding clause and should be connected by a comma instead of being separated by a period; change the period to a comma to avoid sentence fragmentation; ② Sentence Structure Error: According to the original sentence structure, the "there be" pattern contains the actual predicate verb "buy"; the simplest way to correct it is to remove 〈there are〉, so that the original sentence presents a complete subject-verb-object structure, without needing an extra complex structure.

error_sentence: there are more and more people buy cars.cars' disadvangtages and advantages aperce.

correct_sentence: In recent years, with the development of science and technology, more and more people have bought cars. Cars' disadvantages and advantages appear.

error: buy cars.cars' disadvangtages
correction: have bought cars. Cars' disadvantages
error_type: Verb Tense Error
error_severity: 3
error_description: ① Verb Tense Error: According to the contextual tense requirements, the verb 〈buy〉 should use the present perfect tense 『have bought』 to indicate a completed purchase action, so a corresponding modification is made; ② Space Error: According to English writing conventions, a necessary space is missing between the two words 〈cars.cars'〉; a space should be added between the period and the next word to ensure correct formatting; ③ Case Error: According to English title formatting requirements, the first letter of 〈car〉 at the beginning of a title should be capitalized, so it is changed to 『Cars' disadvantages』 to comply with title writing conventions.

error_sentence: there are more and more people buy cars.cars' disadvangtages and advantages aperce.

correct_sentence: Cars' disadvantages and advantages appear.

error: aperce
correction: appear
error_type: Spelling Error
error_severity: 2
error_description: Spelling Error: According to English vocabulary spelling rules, 〈aperce〉 is not spelled correctly and should be changed to 『appear』 to accurately express the meaning of "appear".

error_sentence: Every years,my familise and I would go to travel by cars to have a good time.
correct_sentence: Every year, my family and I would travel by car to have a good time.
error: years
correction: year
error_type: Noun Number Error
error_severity: 2
error_description: Noun Number Error: According to English grammar rules, the determiner 〈Every〉 must be followed by a singular noun, so the plural form 〈years〉 is changed to the singular form 『year』 to maintain grammatical consistency.

error_sentence: Every years,my familise and I would go to travel by cars to have a good time.
correct_sentence: Every year, my family and I would travel by car to have a good time.
error: familise
correction: family
error_type: Spelling Error
error_severity: 2
error_description: Spelling Error: According to English vocabulary spelling rules, 〈familise〉 is not spelled correctly and should be changed to the noun 『family』 to accurately express the meaning of "family".

error_sentence: Every years,my familise and I would go to travel by cars to have a good time.
correct_sentence: Every year, my family and I would travel by car to have a good time.
error: go to
error_type: Word Redundancy Error
error_severity: 3
error_description: Word Redundancy Error: According to English expression habits, 〈go to travel〉 has semantic repetition; the verb 『travel』 already includes the meaning of the action "to go," so the redundant 〈go to〉 is deleted, and using 『travel by car』 directly is sufficient.

error_sentence: Every years,my familise and I would go to travel by cars to have a good time.
correct_sentence: Every year, my family and I would travel by car to have a good time.
error: cars
correction: car
error_type: Noun Number Error
error_severity: 2
error_description: Noun Number Error: According to the principle of contextual consistency, the noun 〈cars〉 should use the singular form 『car』 to maintain number consistency with the preceding expression 『by car』.

error_sentence: evary week,my father would take car go home.with cars,peoplewill have convinent life and havemore timeand chances to have fun.
correct_sentence: Every week, my father would take the car to go home.
error: evary
correction: Every
error_type: Spelling Error
error_severity: 3
error_description: ① Spelling Error: According to English word spelling rules, 〈evary〉 is a misspelling; the correct form should be 『Every』, expressing the meaning of "each"; ② Case Error: According to English writing conventions, the first letter of the first word of a sentence must be capitalized, so 〈evary〉 is changed to 『Every』 to ensure correct sentence start format.

error_sentence: evary week,my father would take car go home.with cars,peoplewill have convinent life and havemore timeand chances to have fun.
correct_sentence: Every week, my father would take the car to go home. With cars, people will have a convenient life and have more time and chances to have fun.
error: car go home.with
correction: the car to go home. With
error_type: Nonfinite Verb Form Error
error_severity: 5
error_description: ① Determiner Error: According to English grammar rules, the definite article 『the』 should be added before the noun 〈car〉 to clearly refer to a specific vehicle, so it is modified to 『the car』; ② Nonfinite Verb Form Error: According to English grammar rules, an infinitive structure should be used to express purpose, so 〈go〉 is changed to 『to go』, with the complete expression being 『my father would take the car to go home』; ③ Space Error: According to English punctuation usage rules, two independent complete sentences should be separated by a period, so 〈home.with〉 is changed to 『home. With』; ④ Case Error: According to English writing conventions, the first letter of the first word of a sentence must be capitalized, so 〈with〉 is changed to 『With』 to ensure correct new sentence start format.

error_sentence: evary week,my father would take car go home.with cars,peoplewill have convinent life and havemore timeand chances to have fun.
correct_sentence: With cars, people will have a convenient life and have more time and chances to have fun.
error: peoplewill have convinent
correction: people will have a convenient
error_type: Determiner Error
error_severity: 4
error_description: ① Space Error: According to English writing conventions, the subject 〈people〉 and the auxiliary verb 〈will〉 should be written separately, so the run-on error 〈peoplewill〉 is changed to the correct form 『people will』 to conform to standard expression; ② Determiner Error: According to English grammar rules, the countable noun phrase 〈convinent life〉 requires an indefinite article before it, so 『a』 is added to form the complete expression 『a convenient life』; ③ Spelling Error: According to the sentence meaning, the intention here is to express "convenient," so 〈convinent〉 is a misspelling of 『convenient』 and needs to be changed to the correct form 『convenient』.

error_sentence: evary week,my father would take car go home.with cars,peoplewill have convinent life and havemore timeand chances to have fun.
correct_sentence: With cars, people will have a convenient life and have more time and chances to have fun.
error: havemore timeand
correction: have more time and
error_type: Space Error
error_severity: 2
error_description: Space Error: According to English phrase writing conventions: the verb 〈have〉 and the adverb of degree 〈more〉 should be written separately, changing 〈havemore〉 to 『have more』; the noun 〈time〉 and the conjunction 〈and〉 should be written separately, changing 〈timeand〉 to 『time and』.

error_sentence: in the all,cars pay a important.
correct_sentence: All in all, cars play an important role in our lives.

error: in the
correction: All in
error_type: Other Error
error_severity: 3
error_description: ① Other Error: According to English collocations, the summary phrase 〈in the all〉 does not conform to idiomatic expression and should be changed to use the fixed phrase 『All in all』; ② Determiner Error: According to English idiomatic expression, the summary phrase should adopt the complete form 『All in all』, so the redundant 〈the〉 is deleted and changed to 『All in all』 to form a correct collocation.

error_sentence: in the all,cars pay a important.
correct_sentence: All in all, cars play an important role in our lives.

error: pay a important.
correction: play an important
error_type: Verb Choice Error
error_severity: 4
error_description: ① Verb Choice Error: According to English collocations and semantic expression, 〈pay〉 is used inappropriately in this context and should be changed to the verb phrase 『play a role』 to accurately express the meaning of "to play a role"; ② Determiner Error: According to English pronunciation rules, 〈important〉 begins with a vowel sound, so it should be preceded by 『an』 instead of 『a』, thus changing 〈a important〉 to 『an important』.

error_sentence: role in our life.

correct_sentence: All in all, cars play an important role in our lives.

error: life
correction: lives
error_type: Noun Number Error
error_severity: 2
error_description: Noun Number Error: According to English grammar rules, when referring to the lives of multiple people, 〈our life〉 should use the plural form 『lives』, so it is modified to 『our lives』 to maintain number consistency.

error_sentence: but on the other hand,cars also have disadvangtages.
correct_sentence: But on the other hand, cars also have disadvantages.
error: but
correction: But
error_type: Case Error
error_severity: 1
error_description: Case Error: According to English writing conventions, the first letter of the first word of a paragraph must be capitalized, so 〈but〉 is changed to 『But』 to ensure correct formatting.

error_sentence: but on the other hand,cars also have disadvangtages. for example, in many large cities,there are too crowded to go to work for people in the morning.
correct_sentence: But on the other hand, cars also have disadvantages. For example, in many large cities, it is too crowded for people to go to work in the morning.
error: disadvangtages. for
correction: disadvantages. For
error_type: Spelling Error
error_severity: 3
error_description: ① Spelling Error: According to English vocabulary spelling rules, 〈disadvangtages〉 is a misspelling; the correct form should be 『disadvantages』 to accurately express the meaning of "disadvantages"; ② Case Error: According to English punctuation rules, the first letter of a new sentence after a period needs to be capitalized, so 『for』 is changed to 『For』.

error_sentence: for example, in many large cities,there are too crowded to go to work for people in the morning.
correct_sentence: For example, in many large cities, it is too crowded for people to go to work in the morning.
error: there are
correction: it is
error_type: Sentence Structure Error
error_severity: 3
error_description: Sentence Structure Error: According to English sentence patterns, to express "too crowded," 『it is too crowded for...』 should be used instead of the 〈there are〉 structure, so a corresponding modification is made; the correct expression should be 『it is too crowded for...』.

error_sentence: for example, in many large cities,there are too crowded to go to work for people in the morning.
correct_sentence: For example, in many large cities, it is too crowded for people to go to work in the morning.
correction: for people
error_type: Word Order Error
error_severity: 3
error_description: Word Order Error: According to English infinitive phrase usage, 〈to go to work for people〉 needs to be adjusted to 『for people to go to work』 to conform to standard word order and make the sentence structure complete.

error_sentence: for example, in many large cities,there are too crowded to go to work for people in the morning.
correct_sentence: For example, in many large cities, it is too crowded for people to go to work in the morning.
error: for people
error_type: Word Order Error
error_severity: 3
error_description: Word Order Error: According to the contextual meaning, the word order of 〈for people〉 at the end of the sentence is incorrect and should be adjusted to the correct word order structure 『it is too crowded for people to...』.

error_sentence: we have to say heavy transportation is a large problem.
correct_sentence: We have to say heavy traffic is a large problem.
error: we
correction: We
error_type: Case Error
error_severity: 1
error_description: Case Error: According to English writing conventions, the first letter of the first word of a sentence must be capitalized, so 〈we〉 is changed to 『We』.

error_sentence: we have to say heavy transportation is a large problem.
correct_sentence: We have to say heavy traffic is a large problem.
error: transportation
correction: traffic
error_type: Noun Error
error_severity: 3
error_description: Noun Error: According to specialized terminology usage, 〈heavy transportation〉 refers to freight transport, whereas to express traffic congestion, 『heavy traffic』 should be used to fit the context, indicating traffic congestion.

error_sentence: air pollution and greenhouse arecaused by cars.

correct_sentence: Air pollution and greenhouse effects are caused by cars.

error: air
correction: Air
error_type: Case Error
error_severity: 1
error_description: Case Error: According to English writing conventions, the first letter of the first word of a sentence must be capitalized, so 〈air〉 is changed to 『Air』. to comply with English writing conventions.

error_sentence: air pollution and greenhouse arecaused by cars.

correct_sentence: Air pollution and greenhouse effects are caused by cars.

error: arecaused
correction: effects are caused
error_type: Noun Error
error_severity: 1
error_description: ① Noun Error: According to environmental science terminology, 〈greenhouse〉 needs to be followed by 『effects』 to form the complete term 『greenhouse effects』, expressing the meaning of "greenhouse effect"; ② Space Error: According to English writing conventions, the auxiliary verb 〈are〉 and the past participle 〈caused〉 should be written separately, so 〈arecaused〉 is changed to 『are caused』.

error_sentence: carsjustis a tool.how touse it is dependonus.
correct_sentence: Cars are just a tool. How to use them depends on us.
error: carsjustis a tool.how touse it is dependonus
correction: Cars are just a tool. How to use them depends on us
error_type: Word Redundancy Error
error_severity: 5
error_description: ① Case Error: According to English sentence capitalization rules, the first word of the sentence 〈car〉 should be changed to 『Car』 to ensure correct formatting; ② Space Error: According to English writing conventions, the subject and predicate, noun and adverb, and verbs need to be separated, so the run-on error 〈carsjustis〉 is changed to 『cars are just』 to ensure proper separation; ③ Word Order Error: According to basic English word order (Subject + Predicate + Object), the original sentence 〈cars just is a tool〉 has a confused word order and should be adjusted to 『Cars are just a tool』 to make the sentence fluent; ④ Subject-Verb Agreement Error: The subject 〈Cars〉 is plural, so the predicate verb needs to be in the plural form; the singular verb 〈is〉 is changed to 『are』 to maintain subject-verb agreement, finally changing to 『Cars are just a tool』; ⑤ Space Error: According to English written expression conventions, a word after a punctuation mark needs a space with the punctuation, so 〈.how〉 should be changed to 『. How』; ⑥ Case Error: According to English sentence capitalization rules, the interrogative word 〈how〉 at the beginning of the sentence is not capitalized; the correct form should be 『How』 to comply with interrogative sentence conventions; ⑦ Space Error: According to infinitive verb rules, "to" and the base form of the verb need to be written separately, so 〈touse〉 is changed to 『to use』 to conform to standard expression; ⑧ Pronoun Error: According to English pronoun reference rules, 〈it〉 refers to a singular noun, but here it refers to the plural noun 〈cars〉, so it needs to be changed to the plural pronoun 『them』 to ensure consistent reference; ⑨ Word Redundancy Error: According to English fixed phrase collocations, the expression for "depends on" is "depend on," meaning "depend" itself can be a predicate verb and does not need the extra auxiliary verb "is," so 〈is〉 in the original sentence should be deleted; ⑩ Subject-Verb Agreement Error: According to English subject-verb agreement principles, when "how + to + verb" acts as the subject, the predicate verb should be in the third-person singular form; therefore, according to the phrasal verb structure, 〈dependonus〉 needs to be changed to 『depend on us』 to maintain semantic clarity; ⑪ Space Error: According to English writing conventions, the predicate and object, verb and preposition, and pronouns need to be separated, so the run-on error 〈dependonus〉 is changed to 『depend on us』 to ensure proper separation.