ticoAg/ChineseCorpus-Kaggle-fanti huggingface dataset:
1909年，大瀑布電力公司的工程師提議在三個地點蓋水壩：彩虹瀑布（彩紅水壩，Rainbow Dam）、大瀑布（瑞安水壩，Ryan Dam）、密蘇里河的峽谷（科克倫水壩，Cochrane Dam，位於前兩個水壩中間）。1914年，蒙大拿電力公司打算加高黑鷹水壩來增加發電能力。1916年，大部分的波士頓與蒙大拿冶煉廠被現代銅礦與鋅礦的冶煉廠取代，同時加設電線跟電纜的製造廠。雖然黑鷹水壩更新了渦輪機與發電機，它當時仍然只能產生3兆瓦的電力，而電力需求則一直提升。在1920年早期，黑鷹水壩已不足以提供大瀑布城的用電所需，再加上新的鋅冶煉廠需要10兆瓦的電力。1925年，北邊發電廠被認為嚴重的過時。
1925年末，蒙大拿電力公司計畫建設新的水壩與發電廠。查爾斯?T?馬恩（Charles T. Main）的公司負責監督水壩的重建，蒙大拿的顧問工程師亨利?柯克倫（Harry Cochrane）負責重新設計水壩，因此此水壩稱作科克倫水壩（Cochrane Dam）。1926年4月1日，蒙大拿電力公司宣布要花費100萬美元在黑鷹水壩建造新的發電廠。但隨著工作的進展，他們意識到水壩及其四座發電廠太舊，無法滿足發電需求。他們調整計畫，決定在水壩下游處新建一個水壩。南邊的調整池被放棄，並保留北邊的調整池且好好地維修一番。1897年蓋的北岸發電廠被拆除，在同一地點蓋了混凝土的新發電廠。他們記取1908年的教訓，廠房設計與位置皆有以此作為考量。
拆除南岸發電廠的同年夏天，開始了新建水壩的工程。工人替新水壩澆灌混凝土時，舊水壩用來當作圍堰。新水壩於1927年8月1日完工，完全淹沒了舊水壩，在9月開始發電。新水壩長，高，溢洪道長。它的高度受到上游城市的淡水和污水設施限制，如果水壩更高，會淹沒設施。水壩頂部呈現O形，可以改善水流。新大壩有八個水閘，與一條帶欄桿的人行道，讓維護人員能夠到達閘門和水壩。1996年，位於黑鷹水壩北岸發電廠的渦輪機。
新發電廠由混凝土建成，不過公司曾計劃要建造成磚瓦屋，但當地磚匠要求獲得城市規定的工資，而不是蒙大拿州政府的，因後者薪資較低。廠房南邊和北邊的混凝土和石砌牆用於防止水流侵蝕調整池和水渠道。調整池長，寬，延伸至較下游的新動力室，舊動力室的磚拱門結合到了調整池的牆壁中。新發電廠搭載三臺由S.摩根史密斯公司提供的垂直卡布蘭式水輪機，能夠產生18兆瓦能量，成為蒙大拿電力公司在大瀑布地區五座水壩中最大產能的一座。史密斯公司在渦輪機上加裝油壓調速器（調節每個渦輪機的速度）與導流管（在水離開渦輪機後速度被降下來，並使得從上快速落下的水持續向渦輪機的螺旋槳傳遞能量）。渦輪機螺旋狀入口和導葉門固定在發電廠的地下室，每臺渦輪機都安裝在自己的坑槽內。每臺渦輪機通過一樓的屋頂連接到額定功率為7000伏安的阿里斯－查爾默斯（Allis-Chalmers）發電機。直流發電機作為阿里斯－查爾默斯發電機的激勵器。六臺6,600 / 2,200伏變壓器降低了電壓供使用。
1926年重建後，黑鷹水壩遭遇了四次洪水，但都沒有造成損害。第一次發生在1953年6月4日，春雨和融雪導緻密蘇里河高於洪水位，沒有大壩損毀的報告。第二次在1964年6月10日，洛磯山脈的大雨導緻密蘇里河高於洪水位，比1908年的洪水高出。位於樺樹溪的Swift Dam潰堤，造成19人死亡，下雙麥迪遜湖水壩（Lower Two Medicine Lake Dam）也潰堤，造成9人死亡。儘管因大洪水造成3000人被迫離開家園，此次黑鷹大壩仍未受損。 （Mel Ruder因洪水報導而被授予突發新聞報導普利策獎）。1975年6月21日發生第三次洪水，洛磯山脈24小時內降雨超過。在太陽河升至（高於洪水位）後，超過5000人從大瀑布城撤離。損失超過1700萬美元，的土地被淹沒。洪水幾乎淹沒了黑鷹大壩，但沒有對結構造成傷害。第四次大洪水在1997年6月17日，又多又快的融雪導緻密蘇里河高於洪水位。黑鷹水壩還配備了一個緊急“trip face”可以解除水壩上所有插板，讓河水能夠以每秒鐘的水量流過。
黑鷹水壩在它後面創建了一個長約的水庫。緊鄰第一大壩的水庫大約深，容量。目前水壩的蓄水量為到。
這水庫沒有正式名稱，但由於水流緩慢猶如靜止，以及從上游的喀斯喀特到黑鷹瀑布的坡度低（沿著蜿蜒的密蘇里河約長），這個水體一直被稱為「長池」。在1872年，命名黑鷹瀑布的托馬斯P?羅伯茨，正式命名這個水體。美國陸軍工兵部隊於1883年和1910年使用過這名稱。在1891年至1917年就已經廣為流行，蒙大拿州議會也已在此時使用這名稱。因此現代歷史學家也用這名稱提及它，1949年後被電力業出版物使用。現在，從第一林道北橋到密蘇里河與太陽河交匯處（距離約）為知名的布羅德沃特灣（知名人士如：查爾斯?阿瑟?布羅德沃特、蒙大拿鐵路執行長、房地產投資者和銀行家）。
1926年大壩重建後，工人和居民可以穿越大壩頂部上班或上學。出於安全原因，蒙大拿電力公司在二戰時期關閉了道路，並封閉到現今。
1950年，根據《聯邦電力法》，蒙大拿電力公司被迫授權黑鷹水壩等大部分發電用水壩。聯邦電力法案於1935年通過，在1937年12月，聯邦電力委員會（FPC）開始執行一項程序（FPC Docket IT-5840），賦予1935年之前建造的所有水壩許可證。該法案賦予聯邦電力委員會在美國可航行水域中，所有水壩的控制權。經過長時間的研究、數據收集以及談判之後，1946年11月18日開始舉行聽證會，以確定蒙大拿電力公司在1935年之前修建水壩前，河流是否可通航以致水壩屬法律生效範圍 。1947年9月30日發布的第170號意見書中，審判員認為此河流可以通航，並且含黑鷹水壩等水壩應該獲得許可。 蒙大拿電力公司在聯邦電力委員會於1948年2月16日舉行聽證會時訴願。當聯邦電力委員會駁回時，蒙大拿電力公司轉向哥倫比亞特區聯邦上訴法院上訴。1950年10月4日，David L. Bazelon法官以2比1多數決判決「蒙大拿電力公司訴聯邦電力委員會案」，指出「密蘇里河從本頓堡到斯里福克斯長達263英里，屬美國通航水域，符合《聯邦電力法》的許可要求」。法院認為黑鷹、莫羅尼、彩虹、瑞安水壩都在通航水域，無權侵佔公有地。豪瑟水壩在通航水域，並持有無效許可證佔用公共土地。霍爾特水壩擁有有效許可證，但該許可證沒有延伸到它使用的通航水域。赫布根和麥迪遜水壩在不通航水域，但沒有有效許可證而佔用公有地。上訴法院將Canyon Ferry水壩的問題退還給地方法院，因為該水壩已被出售給聯邦政府。蒙大納州電力公司向美國最高法院提出上訴， 美國最高法院於1951年3月否決了特許權（拒絕審理此案）。 蒙大拿電力公司隨後於2000年9月27日由聯邦能源管理委員會（FPC的繼承機構）重新授權並贏得了黑鷹水壩營運許可，許可證編號為P-2188。另外還有7座需要法院裁決。
1978年，修復三臺阿里斯－查爾默斯發電機，1982年，再修復一次。1997年，蒙大拿電力公司修復並重新粉刷了通往水渠島的橋。
1999年11月2日，蒙大拿電力公司宣布以16億美元的價格賣給賓州電力公司（PPL）所有水壩和發電廠。這筆包含黑鷹水壩的買賣估計會給蒙大拿州帶來3000萬美元的稅收（但蒙大拿電力公司表示稅金會比3000萬少）。2001年11月，因電價上漲而不滿的民眾提出一項倡議：要求州政府收購PPL所有用來發電的水壩（包含黑鷹水壩）。在2002年11月，這項倡議被否決了。
在蒙大拿電力公司將黑鷹水壩賣給PPL的時候，蒙大拿電力公司正在安裝控制裝置，使黑鷹水壩能夠從彩虹水壩遠程操作。當時，PPL表示他沒有計劃擴大黑鷹水壩的發電能力。同樣在1999年，蒙大拿電力公司將大部分的水渠島轉移到大瀑布市作為娛樂區。此外，蒙大拿電力公司和ARCO（波士頓和蒙大拿州的後繼公司）在該島上鋪設了（46公分）的表土，花費了50萬美元用於景觀設計，並增強了動力廠附近的安全邊界，並同意資助一部分小島的定期保養費用。
1990年代後期，歷史學家史蒂芬·安布羅斯建議拆除黑鷹水壩，將瀑布恢復原狀。
2010年，黑鷹水壩的發電與輸電系統開始翻新。同年6月，PPL蒙大拿州分公司花費5500萬美元用高壓電線取代該地區電力網路。新的電線取代了80多年前的設備，電線間隔更大，使得大型鳥類可以安全地通過或棲息在電線上。PPL也計畫更新電廠旁的變電所，兩項工程都預期會在2012年完工。
密蘇里河與支流夾帶的沉積物是黑鷹水壩的一大問題。太陽河（Sun river）在黑鷹大壩上游幾英里處與密蘇里河相連，夾帶著汙泥，養份與藻類，因此還被諷刺成“浮渣河（Scum river）”。 太陽河水呈現如巧克力牛奶的顏色，流入相對清澈的密蘇里河後使其變得汙濁。汙泥降低水庫容量，充滿調整池，也會對發電機組造成損害。1988年，由於密蘇里河從太陽河到彩虹水壩一段的沉積物和懸浮物，蒙大拿州環境質量部（Montana Department of Environmental Quality, MDEQ）根據1972年清淨水法第303（d）節，將其水質狀態列入受損。黑鷹水壩因為減緩水流流速，被列為問題來源之一。為了解決這個問題，1994年，7個聯邦機構，8個州政府機構，10個蒙大拿州政府機構，4個環境組織和幾個蒙大拿州地主共同努力減少進入太陽河及其主要支流（Muddy Creek與Careless Creek）的營養物和沉積物。約623,500美元的清潔水法基金、200萬美元的聯邦基金以及250萬美元的州與地方基金用於恢復河岸植被、改善河邊放牧、復原河床斜度和改善灌溉方法。到2010年，Muddy Creek減少75%沉積物，Careless Creek減少25%。
黑鷹瀑布是否流通，取決於黑鷹水壩。每年5月，理論上密蘇里河的中位水流量為每秒。2000年10月，水壩水位下降，瀑布停止流水四週，PPL蒙大拿在這段時間修整了調整池，閘門和鋼管濾網。PPL蒙大拿的工作許可證要求水壩在周末與亡兵紀念日至勞動節期間的上午9點至下午8點流出至少每秒的水量。如果水位或發電需求允許，水量可能更多。2001年5月，PPL蒙大拿表示因為水流量只有平時的40%，他們要在7月4日後截斷瀑布。2004年9月，水庫水位再次降低，以修復檔板，河流缺水使巨人泉附近的密蘇里河天然通道暴露出來。2008年6-7月，水庫水位又過低以致瀑布再次停流，而在一次大雨後移除了檔板使水流快速通過。當水流通過並把檔板歸位後，水庫內剩沒多少水，而瀑布再次流通也是幾天後的事了。
An Alvis Stalwart, used for amphibious maintenance at Black Eagle Dam.
Because Black Eagle Dam is an overflow dam, it is common for debris to jam against the dam or obstruct the penstock intakes. Driftwood and logs are the most common forms of debris, but unusual objects such as boat docks, bowling balls, canoes, hot tubs, and small wooden and steel sheds and buildings also sometimes become lodged against the dam. Removing hollow items can be dangerous, because the water pressure against them can cause them to implode. In addition to large amounts of driftwood, about 100 animal carcasses (cattle, deer, dogs, and various small animals) become lodged against the dam or the penstock intake screens each year. Floating screens at the entrance to the forebay catch many items, as do the penstock intake screens. Workers use a crane to remove items from these screens, and bury the items retrieved at a landfill. Dam operators also use a yellow civilian version of the Alvis Stalwart amphibious vehicle to remove objects, and to maintain the dam. (This vehicle caused a stir in Great Falls in June 2006, when local residents driving on a nearby road mistook the vehicle for a sport utility vehicle which had fallen into the water.) Ice is another form of dangerous debris for the dam. In December 2010, blocks of floating ice overwhelmed the top of the dam, tearing the handrails off the maintenance walkway.
For many years, Black Eagle Dam's owners were required to hold simulations every five years to plan for various kinds of emergencies (flood, sabotage, mechanical breakdown, etc.) which might affect the dam and public safety. After the September 11 attacks, these exercises were required to happen every year. PPL Montana works with local and state government and law enforcement, other companies, and the news media to plan for various contingencies and improve how it might respond in a disaster or emergency.
Taxation of the dam has been an issue of contention since 2000.  During the 2002 ballot initiative fight, PPL Montana said its dams were worth at least $767 million. But in 2003, PPL argued that the dams were worth much less. PPL Montana challenged the amount of property taxes assessed on Black Eagle and its four other dams in the area, protesting 10.87 percent of the $4.48 million 2000 tax assessment, 6.5 percent of the $4.8 million 2001 tax assessment, and 85.65 percent of the $4.96 million tax assessment. This amounted to 30 percent of its total property tax assessment in the state of Montana—with one-third of amount owed payable solely in Cascade County. In February 2005, the Montana State Tax Appeal Board gave the state a partial victory, reducing the state's assessments by 10 percent but otherwise upholding the assessment method. However, the tax board did not address PPL Montana's primary claim that the state was assessing its plants differently solely because they were unregulated. PPL Montana appealed the ruling to the Montana Supreme Court in 2007. On December 4, 2007, the Montana Supreme Court unanimously ruled in ''State Dept. of Revenue v. PPL Montana'' that the tax appeal board had properly assessed PPL Montana's dams. However, PPL Montana had continued to dispute its tax assessments from 2003 to 2007, and the ruling did not directly address those challenges. But on December 14, 2007, PPL Montana offered to pay its 2003-to-2007 tax assessments at the slightly lower rate established by the tax appeal board.
Another tax issue arose in 2007. The parents of several Montana schoolchildren filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Montana against PPL Montana. The parents argued that all riverbeds in Montana are owned by the state, are held in trust for the benefit of all the people, and that such riverbeds constitute a portion of state lands which must be taxed or leased to provide support for public schools. The plaintiffs argued that PPL Montana and its predecessor, Montana Power, only leased these riverbeds from the state and did not own them. The parents sued to force PPL to pay rent due. (At no time in the past had the state sought rental income from Montana Power, and no payments by Montana Power or PPL Montana had ever been made.) Although the federal suit was dismissed for lack of a federal issue, PPL Montana filed suit in Montana's First Judicial District Court seeking a declaratory judgment in its favor, arguing that the Federal Power Act preempts the parents' suit and denies states the power to make companies pay for the use of riverbeds. The state district court held against PPL's request for summary judgment on all counts. The two parties then went to trial, which lasted from October 22 to October 30, 2007. On June 13, 2008, the state district court ruled in favor of the state (although it denied the state's request for interest on the rent due). PPL Montana appealed to the Montana State Supreme Court.  On March 30, 2010, the Montana State Supreme Court held (5-to-2) that the state district court had not erred in its rulings on various issues of summary judgment, that riverbeds were state public trust lands (but not school trust lands) under the Montana Constitution, and that the district court's calculation of payments due was appropriate. PPL Montana, appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, and in November 2010 the Supreme Court asked the United States Solicitor General for the views of the federal government. Finally, on February 22, 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court held in ''PPL Montana v. Montana'' (No. 10–218, dec. February 22, 2012) that the Montana Supreme Court had erred in finding all of the riverbeds beneath all PPL Montana dams navigable.  The unanimous U.S. Supreme Court held that the correct test is whether the portion of the riverbed under each specific dam (not the entire river, nor even a large or small portion of a river) was navigable at the time of statehood.  If it was, then the riverbed is "navigable" and may be taxed.  The case was remanded back to the state supreme court for further hearings.
Flashboards on the dam were slightly damaged during flooding in the spring and early summer of 2011.  Water behind the dam was lowered until it barely crested the dam so repair crews could replace the flashboards.
Walleye, a popular sport fish caught at Black Eagle Dam.
The river above and below Black Eagle Dam is used for fishing. Westslope cutthroat trout were first identified at Black Eagle Falls by Lewis and Clark in 1805, and the fish still are plentiful in the area. Rainbow trout are also plentiful upstream from the dam. The area below Black Eagle Falls has been rated by one guide as a good area for fly fishing smallmouth bass and walleye. For many years, the state of Montana managed the Long Pool reservoir as part of one fishing management area, and the river below the dam as part of another. This was changed in 1999, so that the two are now managed together. The change also instituted a new limit on trout caught and killed below the dam of five fish per day (only one of which could be over ). Limits on the number of walleye caught per day were lifted in 2010 to protect the rainbow and brown trout populations (they had been five daily and 10 in possession). According to dam officials, there are no screens to prevent fish from going over the dam or through the penstocks and turbines. Fish "go right through the turbines, it doesn't seem to bother them," dam operators say.
Since 1988, the Long Pool and the Missouri River in and around the city of Great Falls have been listed as an "impaired" waterway under the 1972 Clean Water Act. This area was first listed as impaired due to sedimentation, siltation, and suspended solids in 1988. High levels of chromium, mercury, and selenium were listed as impairing factors in 1992. High turbidity (haziness of water due to suspended particles) was added as an impairing factor in 2000. Sources of these impairments include Black Eagle Dam, upstream abandoned mines, irrigation runoff, industrial sources, and stormwater runoff. The MDEQ has given the area a quality ranking of B-2 (fourth out of 18), declaring it suitable for human consumption and recreation (after treatment) but only marginal for salmonid fish, other aquatic animals, waterfowl and fur-bearing animals. MDEQ has scheduled the Long Pool and Missouri River watershed in this area for future improvement.
In 2011, the former smelter next to Black Eagle Dam was listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a Superfund hazardous and toxic waste site. The EPA also said it would begin sampling for the riverbed above and below Black Eagle Dam, as well as residential areas in the town of Black Eagle, for heavy metals contamination. Historic records show that plant wastes were routinely dumped into the Missouri River below Black Eagle dam. MDEQ estimated in 2002 that between  and  of waste were dumped into the river between 1892 and 1915. EPA samples indicated that the contamination could extend as far downstream as Fort Benton,  away. Toxins present in the water and riverbed, according to the EPA, include antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, silver, sodium, and zinc.
The area around the falls, despite its urban setting, is a habitat for many animal and bird species. Among the birds commonly found in the area are bald eagles, California gulls, Canada geese, cliff swallows, eared grebes, egrets, golden eagles, American goldfinches, gray catbirds, house wrens, ibises, ospreys, red-necked grebes, sandhill cranes, snow geese, tundra swans, turkey vultures, western grebes, western meadowlarks, white pelicans, and numerous species of duck, owl, and warbler. Common animal species in the area include beavers, mule deer, muskrats, river otters, and white-tailed deer. Beavers are so common in the area that officials consider them pests, and trees in city parks have had to be protected against them. (At one point, beavers were chewing down two trees nightly on Black Eagle Memorial Island. These included two red oak trees found growing on the hill above the dam—the only two red oak trees in northcentral Montana). As of 2006, most of the north shore of the Missouri River below Black Eagle Dam was undeveloped as far down a Sulphur Spring (a distance of about ). Known as the Lewis and Clark Greenway, this area is under a permanent conservation easement.
Although the area below Black Eagle Dam is open for bird hunting, the reservoir and river upstream from Black Eagle Dam to Sand Coulee Creek is a no-hunting area.
Wildlife hunting is also available on the north shore of the Missouri River from below Black Eagle Dam to Morony Dam. Most of this land is owned by PPL Montana, but there is some private land here which is not open to hunting. The PPL Montana lands are open to hunting due to a conservation easement, but the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks requires hunters to obtain a map of these lands before using them for hunting. There are also restrictions on the type of weapons which may be used in this area, and where hunters may park.
Lewis & Clark National Historic Trail Interpretative Center, located just downstream of Black Eage Dam.
Black Eagle Dam is also utilized as a recreation area. The whitewater just below the falls is a good place for canoeing, inner-tube floating, and kayaking. Hiking and bicycling also occur in the area. Beginning in 2006, the Black Eagle Dam Run (a  run/walk and  run) has been held at Black Eagle Dam in mid-July. The annual Lewis and Clark Festival, celebrated in late June (the anniversary of the discovery of the Great Falls), focuses on events held around Black Eagle and other dams on the Great Falls of the Missouri. In mid-July, the River's Edge Trail Luminaria Walk occurs around Black Eagle Dam and the falls, and are illuminated with colored spotlights during the event. On May 5, 1998, the United States Forest Service opened the  Lewis and Clark Interpretive Center, a $6 million museum and education center (which includes an exhibit hall, theater, store, and classrooms) which tells the story of Lewis and Clark's passage through central Montana and their discovery of the Great Falls of the Missouri.
Much work has been done in the past two decades to create public access to and public viewing areas of the dam and falls. For decades, two gravel spaces existed on River Drive North near the Bob Speck Municipal Golf Course where drivers could stop, get out, and view Black Eagle Falls and the dam. In 1991, the River's Edge Trail, a paved and gravel pedestrian recreational trail, opened along tracks of the former Burlington Northern Railroad on the south bank of the Missouri River at Black Eagle Dam. In 2001, Tailrace Island was renamed Black Eagle Memorial Island (in honor of those workers who lost their lives while working on or at the dam) and turned over to the River's Edge Trail. A new  section of the trail linking the existing  trail was also opened that year. The same year, a public boathouse was constructed on Black Eagle Memorial Island for use by canoeists, kayakers, and other watercraft; observation decks; public restrooms; and parking lot. The boat landing was completed in October 2001. Construction also began on a  section of trail designed to link Art Higgins Memorial Park (on the north bank of the Missouri River just behind the dam) with the island. Most of the construction costs were paid for by PPL Montana. In 2001, another segment of the trail was added, leading from the Black Eagle Memorial Island spur up Smelter Hill. The  trail was paid for by a Community Transportation Enhancement Project grant. There is no fee to enter Black Eagle Memorial Island, which is open daily to the public from 9 A.M. to 8 P.M. and is maintained by the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. In 2004, the River's Edge Trail was extended along the north bank of the Missouri River from the Black Eagle Dam powerhouse westward about  to the 15th Street Bridge. About $175,000 of the $204,500 cost of the extension was paid for by the Community Transportation Enhancement Program, and the remainder by the Montana Air Congestion Initiative (a state program), the American Public Land Exchange (a nonprofit organization), and Recreational Trails (a nonprofit which manages the trail). Black Eagle Memorial Island opened to the public on June 2, 2005.
The development of the River's Edge Trail and the growing importance of riverside parks and attractions around Black Eagle Dam and along the banks of the Missouri River led the city of Great Falls to develop its first Missouri River Urban Corridor Plan in 2003. The master plan, which covered both banks of the Missouri River from White Bear Island to Black Eagle Dam, inventoried the entire shoreline and assessed the riverbanks for condition, rehabilitation and refurbishment, and improvement opportunities. The plan laid out a number of options above and below Black Eagle Dam for improvements to public access, recreation, and beautification.
Black Eagle Dam has changed very little between its construction in 1926 and 2010. The ruins of the powerhouses from the 1890 dam and the 1913 reconstruction were still visible as of 2005. The large cast-iron sheets which formed the south bank penstocks can also still be seen.
科爾薩科夫海戰，又稱宗谷海戰（，為1904年8月20日，日俄戰爭期間的一次小規模海戰，為黃海海戰的后續戰斗。8月10日俄國海軍太平洋艦隊旅順分艦隊試圖突圍時遭到日本海軍主力攔截，大部分撤回旅順港內，僅一艘巡洋艦突破封鎖北進，日軍緊追之下，在科爾薩科夫附近發生交戰，并擊沉俄艦。
該戰之后，俄國軍艦在對馬海峽以東海域的活動基本為零，日軍控制了該地區的制海權。
艦長海軍中校（按德語讀法則為米哈伊爾·菲奧多羅維奇·馮·舒爾茨）
日俄戰爭爆發后，日本海軍對旅順港內的旅順分艦隊長期進行封鎖，另一方面日本陸軍則從陸地上不計傷亡地對旅順要塞進行強攻。1904年8月10日，旅順分艦隊司令威廉·維特捷夫特海軍中將試圖率領艦隊突圍，與守候在港外的東鄉平八郎海軍中將麾下的聯合艦隊主力爆發戰斗。交戰中維特捷夫特中彈身亡，指揮系統失靈的俄國艦隊陷入混亂，大部分艦艇撤回了旅順，但也有少部分艦長不愿繼續留在旅順港內坐以待斃，而是選擇趁著夜色和戰場上的混亂試圖逃脫。
當天18:37俄軍旗艦皇太子號司令塔中彈、維特捷夫特戰死后，俄艦戰列線開始發生混亂。日軍見俄艦試圖撤回旅順港內，于是第五戰隊從西北、第六戰隊從東南方偏東向包抄。此時防護巡洋艦突然離開隊伍向東南偏南的位置告訴脫離。在海戰中水線上受到3發命中，但依然抱有機動能力，也跟在阿斯科利德后飛馳而去。日軍第五、第六戰隊艦船大多老舊，唯一恰巧擋在俄艦南逃去路的須磨又因引擎故障無法全速追擊，日軍追擊無果，只能眼看著俄艦在夜幕和煙塵的掩護下揚長而去。
當晚諾維克號隨著阿斯科利德號乘著夜色南下。途中諾維克號與阿斯科利德號失散，于是11日傍晚進入膠州灣加煤，12日天還沒亮就離開當地，試圖從日本東面繞過層層把守的日軍艦艇，前往符拉迪沃斯托克（中文舊稱海參崴）。
當時一艘去往上海的英國商船正好看見了諾維克號的動向。這一情報立即由日本駐上海領事館迅速發回日本。大本營截獲該情報后，當即電令第二艦隊司令長官上村彥之丞海軍中將派出兩艘快速巡洋艦前往津輕海峽進行堵截。上村本來打算從第四戰隊中抽調兩艘前往該地，但東鄉命令改派千歲、對馬兩艦前往。千歲因傷需要修理，沒有趕上黃海海戰，當時正在從黑山島出發駛向尾崎灣；而對馬則正準備從尾崎灣出發返回佐世保。
對馬艦長仙頭武央海軍中佐判斷若要等待與千歲會合后再行動身，將會貽誤戰機，因此決定立即單獨出發前往函館。當晚千歲進入尾崎港，整晚都在補充煤炭和淡水，第二天還沒亮也匆匆趕往函館。17日17:30對馬抵達函館，仙頭立即聯系了津輕海峽警備艦艇指揮官宮岡直記海軍大佐，討論巡邏的方案。18日早上對馬離港，按照預定的方案進行警戒。千歲則于18日13:58趕到函館，艦長高木助一海軍大佐與仙頭、宮岡一道分配任務。此時軍令部長伊東祐亨擔憂諾維克號會在當晚通過，再次進行催促，對馬只好立即出港，而千歲則在19日01時出發，黎明時分兩艦會合在大島附近會合，然后千歲急速趕往宗谷海峽，當天16時左右趕到目的地。
19日，日本方面接到了諾維克號當天早上通過了國后、瀨戶，正在向著西北進發的報告，并將其轉發給前線艦艇。千歲于是加大馬力，拼命前進，在20日03時到達禮文島西北約20海里處，然后調頭向東進行搜索。不久宗谷岬的燈塔發現了諾維克號的蹤跡，該艦正在向著薩哈林島一處海岬駛去。09:40對馬接到報告，乃趕往該方向，在科爾薩科夫一帶搜索。
20日16時，對馬遠遠望見科爾薩科夫錨地有煤煙升起，于是向前逼近加以確認。這正是日軍追蹤多時的諾維克號，當天才剛到該地，正準備去往符拉迪沃斯托克。諾維克號見有日艦前來，立即出港，企圖利用自己的高航速甩開追兵。而對馬則發揮最大航速緊追不放，同時向千歲發出電報“發現敵艦我對其攻擊”。雙方展開追逐，同時進行炮戰。諾維克號水線附近受到3發命中，海水灌入舵室，舵機及輪機損壞，被迫于17:06調頭企圖退回科爾薩科夫。對馬繼續緊追不放，追擊中對馬左舷水線下受到一發命中，艦體發生傾斜，只好減速并全力排水。此后整晚對馬都在進行搶修，沒有參加接下來的行動。
對馬在駛往科爾薩科夫的時候，千歲一開始還繼續在海峽進行警戒，接到對馬的電報才趕過去。千歲抵達港外時，已經夜深，艦長仙頭決定留在外面監視港內動向。次日凌晨，千歲的瞭望哨發現諾維克號已經在淺灘處擱淺，右舷傾斜，與科爾薩科夫距離尚遠，而乘員則正在利用汽艇來往于諾維克號與陸地之間。千歲見狀，抵近諾維克號，06:25在距離8500米處進行炮擊，見沒有抵抗，更是大膽靠近至2500米炮擊。進行一番破壞后，14時千歲脫離了戰斗，與對馬一同返回。
科爾薩科夫海戰實際上是黃海海戰后續的一場小規模戰斗。雖然俄艦僅有一艘單獨北上，但日軍依舊不敢大意，而是全力追擊，擔憂再次發生類似常陸丸事件的襲擊。在另一邊的對馬海峽，第二戰隊在數日前已經于蔚山海戰擊敗了符拉迪沃斯托克分艦隊。隨著諾維克號的損失，直到對馬海峽海戰為止，俄國海軍再也沒有利用大型軍艦在對馬海峽以東發起有效的海上行動。
敘利亞-黎巴嫩戰場（也被稱為出口商行動）是第二次世界大戰中，盟軍為了攻佔維琪法國控制的敘利亞與黎巴嫩的一場戰役，時間為1941年6月至7月。
當這場戰役正在進行且較不為人所知時，時代雜誌就認為這場戰鬥是場"混合秀"。有證據表明，盟軍的審查員試圖抑制或減少這場戰役的激戰報導。  盟軍高級指揮官和政治人物認為對法軍的作戰可能對同盟國的公眾輿論產生負面影響。
莫里斯·邁可·史蒂芬斯（，），英國皇家空軍退役上校，誕生於英屬印度時期的蘭契，為第二次世界大戰期間英國王牌飛行員之一，戰績包括擊落機數17架、共同擊落機數3架、可能擊落機數1架及擊損機數5架。
陳新，男，河北易縣人，中華人民共和國政治人物。在職研究生學歷。
1986年10月參加工作，1989年3月加入中國共產黨。曾任中共中央辦公廳正處級秘書、正局級秘書、中共寧波市委副書記、政法委書記、寧波杭州灣新區管委會黨工委書記。2012年3月任衢州市市長。2012年5月，任中共衢州市委書記。
2018年3月至2022年1月，任浙江省人民政府秘書長。2022年1月，提名為物產中大集團董事候選人。
* 陳新：浙江最年輕的的市委書記
《西安府志》是一部記載清代西安地方的府志，內容為西安的歷史、地理、風俗、人情等。
清乾隆三十七年（1772年），畢沅署理陜西布政使，他主張“能以文學抜飾吏治，不特長吏與有榮施”，并大力提倡地方官纂修方志。他有感于古都西安山水掌故之放矢，認為修《西安府志》十分必要。適逢著名學者嚴長明游歷關中，與畢沅觀點頗為相同。
乾隆四十一年（1776年），畢沅上書請求纂修《西安府志》獲得批準。在編纂過程中《西安府志》的每一項工作、每一個環節都由嚴長明親自負責。知府舒其紳“復為參稽案牘，斟酌民言，俾一郡之掌故眉列掌示”。從設想、奏請到刪削定稿，畢沅一直參與其中。《西安府志》初稿成時，“凡與秦中文獻關涉者，計得千五百種，發凡舉例，類聚區分，文成數萬，為門一十有五，分類五十有一，合成一百卷”。后經畢沅“親加裁削，為《西安府志》八十卷”。
乾隆四十四年（1779年），《西安府志》書成，次年付梓發行。
《西安府志》分地理、名山、食貨、選舉、古跡、大事、藝文等八十卷，卷首一卷。
在職次名序上，時任陜甘總督勒爾謹為“鑒裁”首位，畢沅第二，西安知府舒其紳為“甄輯”第一，嚴長明為“編訂”。
《西安府志》是西安設府以來僅有的一部府志，與以前西安地方志相比，無論在搜薈群籍、決疑糾繆上，還是在體例結構、史學思想上，都具特色。
《西安府志》資料詳實，考據充分，結構精當，體例嚴謹，詳略得當，經世致用。書成之后，舒其紳感嘆曰：“今國家重修統志，方成數省，而四庫館亦未竣事，是篇為諸郡嚆也。”
浦霖評價《西安府志》“取材宏富，立意精嚴，方諸史傳大都取則扶風，而薈萃鑒裁，與宋歐陽氏之《新唐書》相似，非近日搜刮家之能事也。”
清乾隆《西安府志·序》
.eco是一個新的互聯網頂級域，服務於生態、能源保護以及氣候變化議題相關的網站。2017年開放注冊。該域名得到了世界自然基金會、保護國際和聯合國全球契約等國際組織的支持。
黃育徵（，），桃園大溪人，企業家。
美國賓夕法尼亞大學華頓商學院企管碩士畢業，曾任臺灣糖業股份有限公司董事長，過去亦曾擔任臺橡股份有限公司董事長兼執行長、中鼎工程集團顧問、新德企業管理顧問公司負責人，並曾擔任美國博思艾倫顧問公司顧問師、美國艾克森石油國際公司石油分析師。黃育徵亦曾擔任飛達旅運執行董事。黃育徵目前亦身兼非營利機構資源循環臺灣基金會的董事長。2008年黃育徵擔任飛達旅運執行董事時，曾獲選為「世界青年學生旅遊大會」董事會主席。
黃育徵從臺橡公司卸任董事長後，仍不時擔任企管及策略顧問，不過開始花很多時間投入在自己有興趣的公眾事物上，特別是農業。在研究堆肥及有機蔬菜種植後，黃育徵於2011年成立臺灣廚餘堆肥資源化發展協會並曾擔任理事長。
2015年，黃育徵創辦「資源循環臺灣基金會」並擔任董事長；除在臺灣推廣循環經濟理念之外，也希望引進新的商業模式，有鑑於天然資源有限，他期望推動將目前臺灣線性經濟、較為浪費的消費模式轉型成循環經濟的商業模式，以帶來新的經濟價值並增加創業、就業機會。在2015年9月間，黃育徵以資源循環臺灣基金會創辦人及董事長身分與 荷蘭貿易暨投資辦事處的紀維德代表共同簽訂意向書，期許在接下來3年的時間雙方共同在臺灣推廣循環經濟的概念，意向書提到主要的合作是循環經濟在商業上的應用，如商業模式、循環評估診斷、技術解決方案與政策工具等，雙方共享知識及經驗，期創造商機，提升經濟成長。
黃育徵也是公共政策智庫成員之一，並曾擔任新境界基金會及浩然基金會董事。
2016年9月10日，黃育徵接任臺灣糖業股份有限公司董事長，任內配合政府規劃了生態平衡、環保與綠色概念的經營方針。他上任後推動在屏東縣東海豐畜殖場斥資新臺幣6.8億元，打造全臺首座現代化綠能養豬場，希望達到資源零廢棄、環境零污染、公安零工安的目標，讓養豬不再有臭味，並將豬糞尿等廢棄物、廢水變成資源，該項計畫於2018年2月8日動工。新的畜殖場將採密閉水濂式豬舍，並規劃沼氣處理中心，環境教育豬場、水資源再利用等。畜殖場於2020年7月14日舉行啟用典禮。黃育徵任內亦催生臺糖沙崙智慧綠能循環建築，該案於2019年4月9日正式動土。黃育徵於2019年6月中旬，因個人生涯規劃，請辭臺糖公司董事長。
.green是一個互聯網通用頂級域，創建於2014年，可供倡導綠色經濟和環境可持續發展的企業、個人和環保組織使用。
2015年，.green域名開放注冊。
滑刃總科（學名：），亦作芽葉線蟲總科，是線蟲的一個分類單元。舊屬胞管腎綱墊刃亞綱滑刃目，今屬色矛綱小桿目墊刃亞目的墊刃下目。
在WoRMS的紀錄，滑刃總科只餘下列兩個科：
**''Aphelenchus''
**''Paraphelenchus''
*Aphelenchoididae
**葉芽線蟲屬 ''Aphelenchoides''
**''Paraseinura''
ITIS的滑刃目還包括下列兩個科：
*Paraphelenchidae
下列各科現時改屬其他分類：
* Acugutturidae：今屬Panagrolaimida。
* Ektaphelenchidae
* Entaphelenchidae
* Parasitaphelenchidae