ticoAg/ChineseCorpus-Kaggle-fanti huggingface dataset:
Amidst creative differences, Waters left Pink Floyd in 1985 and began a legal battle with the band regarding their continued use of the name and material. In December 1985, Waters issued a statement to EMI and CBS invoking the "Leaving Member" clause in his contract. In October 1986, he initiated High Court proceedings to formally dissolve the Pink Floyd partnership. In his submission to the High Court he called Pink Floyd a "spent force creatively". Gilmour and Mason opposed the application and announced their intention to continue as Pink Floyd. Waters claims to have been forced to resign much like Wright some years earlier, and decided to leave Pink Floyd based on legal considerations, stating: "if I hadn't, the financial repercussions would have wiped me out completely." In December 1987, Waters and Pink Floyd reached an agreement. According to Mason:
Waters was released from his contractual obligation with O'Rourke, and he retained the copyrights to the ''Wall'' concept and the inflatable ''Animals ''pig. Pink Floyd released three studio albums without him: ''A Momentary Lapse of Reason'' (1987), ''The Division Bell'' (1994) and ''The Endless River'' (2014). In 2005, Waters said of their almost twenty years of animosity: "I don't think any of us came out of the years from 1985 with any credit&nbsp;... It was a bad, negative time, and I regret my part in that negativity." In 2013, he said he regretted the lawsuit, saying:
1990年7月21日沃特斯在德國表演《迷墻 - 柏林現場》
1990年7月21日《迷墻 - 柏林現場》
Following the release of ''The Final Cut'', Waters embarked on a solo career. In 1984, he released his first solo album, ''The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking'', a project about a man's dreams across one night that dealt with Waters' feelings about monogamy and family life versus "the call of the wild". In the end the character, Reg, chooses love and matrimony over promiscuity. The album featured guitarist Eric Clapton, jazz saxophonist David Sanborn, and artwork by Gerald Scarfe. Kurt Loder described ''The Pros And Cons of Hitch Hiking'' as a "strangely static, faintly hideous record". ''Rolling Stone'' rated the album a "rock bottom one star." Years later, Mike DeGagne of AllMusic praised the album for its, "ingenious symbolism" and "brilliant use of stream of consciousness within a subconscious realm", rating it four out of five stars.
Waters began touring in support of the album, aided by Clapton, a new band, new material, and a selection of Pink Floyd favourites. Waters débuted his tour in Stockholm on 16 June 1984. Poor ticket sales plagued the tour, and some of the larger venues had to be cancelled. By his own estimate, he lost ￡400,000 on the tour. In March 1985, Waters went to North America to play smaller venues with the Pros and Cons Plus Some Old Pink Floyd Stuff—North America Tour 1985. ''The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking'' has been certified Gold by the RIAA.
In 1986, Waters contributed songs and a score to the soundtrack of the animated movie ''When the Wind Blows'', based on the Raymond Briggs book of the same name. His backing band featuring Paul Carrack was credited as ''The Bleeding Heart Band''. In 1987, Waters released ''Radio K.A.O.S.'', a concept album based on a mute man named Billy from an impoverished Welsh mining town who has the ability to physically tune into radio waves in his head. Billy first learns to communicate with a radio DJ, and eventually to control the world's computers. Angry at the state of the world in which he lives, he simulates a nuclear attack. Waters followed the release with a supporting tour also in 1987.
In November 1989, the Berlin Wall fell, and in July 1990 Waters staged one of the largest and most elaborate rock concerts in history, ''The Wall&nbsp;– Live in Berlin'', on the vacant terrain between Potsdamer Platz and the Brandenburg Gate. The show reported an official attendance of 200,000, though some estimates are as much as twice that, with approximately one billion television viewers. Leonard Cheshire asked him to do the concert to raise funds for charity. Waters' group of musicians included Joni Mitchell, Van Morrison, Cyndi Lauper, Bryan Adams, Scorpions, and Sinéad O'Connor. Waters also used an East German symphony orchestra and choir, a Soviet marching band, and a pair of helicopters from the U.S. 7th Airborne Command and Control Squadron. Designed by Mark Fisher, the Wall was 25&nbsp;metres tall and 170&nbsp;metres long and was built across the set. Scarfe's inflatable puppets were recreated on an enlarged scale, and although many rock icons received invitations to the show, Gilmour, Mason, and Wright, did not. Waters released a live double-album of the performance, which has been certified platinum by the RIAA.
In 1990, Waters hired manager Mark Fenwick and left EMI for a worldwide deal with Columbia. He released his third studio album, ''Amused to Death'', in 1992. The record is heavily influenced by the events of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and the Gulf War, and a critique of the notion of war becoming the subject of entertainment, particularly on television. The title was derived from the book ''Amusing Ourselves to Death'' by Neil Postman. Patrick Leonard, who worked on ''A Momentary Lapse of Reason'', co-produced the album. Jeff Beck played lead guitar on many of the album's tracks, which were recorded with a cast of musicians at ten different recording studios. It is Waters' most critically acclaimed solo recording, garnering comparison to his work with Pink Floyd. Waters described the record as, a "stunning piece of work", ranking the album with ''Dark Side of the Moon'' and ''The Wall'' as one of the best of his career. The album had one hit, the song "What God Wants, Pt. 1", which reached number 35 in the UK in September 1992 and number 5 on ''Billboard''s Mainstream Rock Tracks chart in the US. ''Amused to Death'' was certified Silver by the British Phonographic Industry. Sales of ''Amused to Death'' topped out at around one million and there was no tour in support of the album. Waters would first perform material from it seven years later during his In the Flesh tour. In 1996, Waters was inducted into the US and UK Rock and Roll Halls of Fame as a member of Pink Floyd.
In 1999, after a 12-year hiatus from touring and a seven-year absence from the music industry, Waters embarked on the In the Flesh tour, performing both solo and Pink Floyd material. The tour was a financial success in the US and though Waters had booked mostly smaller venues, tickets sold so well that many of the concerts were upgraded to larger ones. The tour eventually stretched across the world and would span three years. A concert film was released on CD and DVD, named ''In the Flesh – Live''. During the tour, he played two new songs "Flickering Flame" and "Each Small Candle" as the final encore to many of the shows. In June 2002, he completed the tour with a performance in front of 70,000 people at the Glastonbury Festival of Performing Arts, playing 15 Pink Floyd songs and five songs from his solo catalogue.
Miramax announced in mid-2004 that a production of ''The Wall'' was to appear on Broadway with Waters playing a prominent role in the creative direction. Reports stated that the musical contained not only the original tracks from ''The Wall'', but also songs from ''Dark Side of the Moon'', ''Wish You Were Here'' and other Pink Floyd albums, as well as new material. On the night of 1 May 2004, recorded extracts from the opera, including its overture, were played on the occasion of the ''Welcome Europe'' celebrations in the accession country of Malta. Gert Hof mixed recorded excerpts from the opera into a continuous piece of music which was played as an accompaniment to a large light and fireworks display over Grand Harbour in Valletta. In July 2004, Waters released two new tracks on the Internet: "To Kill the Child", inspired by the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and "Leaving Beirut", an anti-war song "inspired by his travels in the Middle East as a teenager".
alt=A concert stage lit by purple lighting. Four men are performing on the stage as a crowd stands in front of it. Behind the men are video screens displaying images of vinyl records.
alt=Roger Waters, dressed in black, playing a bass guitar and speaking into a microphone. Behind him are several red vertical video panels.
In July 2005, Waters reunited with Mason, Wright, and Gilmour for their final performance together at the 2005 Live 8 concert in London's Hyde Park, Pink Floyd's only appearance with Waters since their final performance of ''The Wall'' at Earls Court London 24 years earlier. They played a 23-minute set consisting of "Speak to Me/Breathe"/"Breathe (Reprise)", "Money", "Wish You Were Here", and "Comfortably Numb". Waters told the Associated Press that while the experience of playing with Pink Floyd again was positive, the chances of a bona fide reunion would be "slight" considering his and Gilmour's continuing musical and ideological differences. Though Waters had differing ideas about which songs they should play, he "agreed to roll over for one night only". In November 2005, Pink Floyd were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame by Pete Townshend of the Who.
In September 2005, Waters released ' (pronounced , French for "it will be fine"; Waters added the subtitle, "There is Hope"), an opera in three acts translated from the late étienne Roda-Gil's French libretto based on the historical subject of the French Revolution. ' was released as a double CD album, featuring baritone Bryn Terfel, soprano Ying Huang and tenor Paul Groves. Set during the early French Revolution, the original libretto was co-written in French by Roda-Gil and his wife Nadine Delahaye. Waters had begun rewriting the libretto in English in 1989, and said about the composition: "I've always been a big fan of Beethoven's choral music, Berlioz and Borodin&nbsp;...&nbsp;This is unashamedly romantic and resides in that early 19th-century tradition, because that's where my tastes lie in classical and choral music." Waters appeared on television to discuss the opera, but the interviews often focused instead on his relationship with Pink Floyd, something Waters would "take in stride", a sign Pink Floyd biographer Mark Blake believes is "a testament to his mellower old age or twenty years of dedicated psychotherapy". ' reached number 5 on the ''Billboard'' Classical Music Chart in the United States.
In June 2006, Waters commenced The Dark Side of the Moon Live tour, a two-year, world-spanning effort that began in Europe in June and North America in September. The first half of the show featured both Pink Floyd songs and Waters' solo material, while the second half included a complete live performance of the 1973 Pink Floyd album ''The Dark Side of the Moon'', the first time in over three decades that Waters had performed the album. The shows ended with an encore from the third side of ''The Wall''. He used elaborate staging by concert lighting designer Marc Brickman complete with laser lights, fog machines, pyrotechnics, psychedelic projections, and inflatable floating puppets (Spaceman and Pig) controlled by a "handler" dressed as a butcher, and a full 360-degree quadraphonic sound system was used. Nick Mason joined Waters for ''The Dark Side of the Moon'' set and the encores on select 2006 tour dates. Waters continued touring in January 2007 in Australia and New Zealand, then Asia, Europe, South America, and back to North America in June.
In March 2007, the Waters song, "Hello (I Love You)" was featured in the science fiction film ''The Last Mimzy''. The song plays over the film's end credits. He released it as a single, on CD and via download, and described it as, "a song that captures the themes of the movie, the clash between humanity's best and worst instincts, and how a child's innocence can win the day". He performed at California's Coachella Festival in April 2008 and was to be among the headlining artists performing at Live Earth 2008 in Mumbai, India in December 2008, but that concert was cancelled in light of the 26 November terrorist attacks in Mumbai.
羅杰·沃特斯2011年在迷墻巡演期間在巴塞羅那
In April 2008, Waters confirmed the possibility of an upcoming solo album which "might be called" ''Heartland'', and has said he has numerous songs written (some already recorded) that he intends to release when they are a complete album. In June 2010, Waters released a cover of "We Shall Overcome", a protest song rewritten and arranged by Guy Carawan and Pete Seeger. He performed with David Gilmour at the Hoping Foundation Benefit Evening in July 2010. The four-song set included: "To Know Him Is to Love Him", which was played in early Pink Floyd sound checks, followed by "Wish You Were Here", "Comfortably Numb", and "Another Brick in the Wall (Part Two)".
In September 2010, Waters commenced the Wall Live tour, an updated version of the original Pink Floyd shows, featuring a complete performance of ''The Wall''. Waters told the Associated Press that The Wall Tour will likely be his last, stating: "I'm not as young as I used to be. I'm not like B.B. King, or Muddy Waters. I'm not a great vocalist or a great instrumentalist or whatever, but I still have the fire in my belly, and I have something to say. I have a swan song in me and I think this will probably be it." At The O2 Arena in London on 12 May 2011, Gilmour and Mason once again appeared with Waters and Gilmour performing "Comfortably Numb", and Gilmour and Mason joining Waters for "Outside the Wall". For the first half of 2012, Waters' tour topped worldwide concert ticket sales having sold more than 1.4 million tickets globally. As of 2013, The Wall Live is the highest-grossing tour of all time by a solo artist. Waters performed at the Concert for Sandy Relief at Madison Square Garden on 12 December 2012. On 24 July 2015, Waters headlined the Newport Folk Festival in Newport, Rhode Island. Waters was accompanied by the band My Morning Jacket and two singers from the group Lucius.
On 3 May 2016, Waters was announced as one of the headline performers at the Desert Trip music festival and performed twice on 9 and 16 October 2016. In October 2016, Waters announced that he would return to North America in 2017 with a new tour, "''Us + Them''", a mixture of his Pink Floyd and solo material. The tour title is derived from the track "Us and Them," from ''The Dark Side of the Moon''.
On 16 February 2017, Waters announced his fourth solo album, ''Is This the Life We Really Want?''. It was released on 2 June 2017, his first solo album since ''Amused to Death'' almost 25 years earlier. The album was produced by Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich; Godrich was critical of Waters' earlier solo work, and encouraged him to make a concise album showcasing his lyrics.
2018年1月24日沃特斯現場演出
File:Coachella pigstage.jpg|沃斯特在他的音樂會上使用的獲得專利的飛行小豬。
File:The wall 1990 schoolmaster puppet.jpg|1990年《迷墻 - 柏林現場》使用的木偶校長
File:Roger Waters Milwaukee Wisconsin 2 July 2007 5.jpg|為具有激光效果的音樂會創作的《月之暗面》，2007年
File:Roger Waters in Concert - Rogers Arena - Vancouver - BC - Canada - 01 (24154202118) (2).jpg | 時演奏曲目《》
File:The Roger Waters Band, Kansas City, 30 October 2010.JPEG|沃特斯現場樂隊在2010年在堪薩斯演出。
File:Roger Waters The Wall Live Omaha 26 October 2010.jpeg|2010年迷墻現場
File:Roger Waters concert 04.jpg|2006年《月之暗面》巡演
File:120616-2412-jikatu (7379105852).jpg|2012年迷墻巡演
File:Battersea Power Station (Geograph-2618690-by-Christopher-Hilton).jpg|在專輯《動物》中沃特斯發明了飛天豬
File:Pigs (Roger Waters at Gelredome, Arnhem, the Netherlands).jpg|飛天豬（芬蘭演出）
1969年，沃特斯與陶藝家兼童年情人結婚，；特里姆曾在原始版的專輯《》插頁上出現，但在隨后補發的CD中被刪除。他們沒有孩子并且在1975年離婚。特里姆在2001年去世。
1976年，沃特斯與第三屆澤特蘭侯爵的侄女卡洛麗娜·克里斯蒂結婚。他與克里斯蒂生下了一個兒子哈里·沃特斯，是一個音樂家，他從2002年起就和父親的巡回樂隊一起彈奏鍵盤，還有一個作為模特兒女兒的印第安·沃特斯。克里斯蒂和沃特斯于1992年離婚。
1993年，沃特斯與普里西拉·菲利普斯結婚；他們有一個兒子杰克·弗萊徹。他們的婚姻在2001年結束。 2004年，沃特斯和女演員兼電影制片人勞瑞·德寧（生于1963年）; 兩人于2012年1月14日結婚并于2015年9月提出離婚。
沃特斯是無神論者。
在2004年印度洋地震和隨后的海嘯災難之后，沃特斯在美國NBC網絡的一場音樂會上與埃里克·克萊普頓一起表演了《愿你在此》 。他直言不諱地反對英國2004年的《狩獵法案》，并為舉辦了一場音樂會并參加了游行。沃特斯解釋說，無論他是否支持狩獵，重要的是保護它作為一種權利。他很快就離開了英國。他在2005年10月澄清說，他并沒有放棄抗議該國狩獵立法，而是出于家庭原因，他經常返回英國。
在離開英國后，他和他未婚妻勞瑞·德寧搬到紐約的長島。在2007年6月，沃特斯成為一個幫助消除極端貧困和瘧疾的非營利組織的發言人。
alt=In this scene, Waters punches the wall, while the projections simulate the wall crumbling as a result, revealing a bright sunset behind
After leaving Britain, he moved to Long Island in New York with his fiancé Laurie Durning. In June 2007, Waters became a spokesman for Millennium Promise, a non-profit organisation that helps fight extreme poverty and malaria. He wrote an opinion piece for CNN in support of the topic. In July, he participated in the American leg of the Live Earth concert, an international multi-venue concert aimed at raising awareness about global climate change, featuring the Trenton Youth Choir and his trademarked inflatable pig. Waters told David Fricke why he thinks ''The Wall'' is still relevant today:
In 2012, Waters led a benefit for United States military veterans called Stand Up for Heroes. He invited a music group of combat wounded veterans called MusiCorps to perform with him. In June 2013, Waters and numerous other celebrities appeared in a video showing support for Chelsea Manning.
In June 2009 he spoke against the Israeli West Bank barrier and later that year, pledged his support to the Gaza Freedom March. In 2011 he announced that he had joined the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement against Israel. He has said he is disillusioned with UK foreign policy towards Israel. In October 2016 Waters lost four million dollars in sponsorship after American Express refused to fund his North America tour due to his anti-Israel rhetoric at a previous festival sponsored by the financial company.
In November 2016 Citibank joined American Express in cutting ties to Waters. "Citi is not a sponsor of Roger Waters' upcoming tour," a Citibank official said, noting that the company had "offered a limited time pre-sale of tickets for cardmembers for select shows. ... The pre-sale has ended and we have no plans to work with Waters in the future."
The Anti-Defamation League's National Director Abraham H. Foxman has accused him of anti-Semitism as has Rabbi Abraham Cooper, associate dean of the Simon Wiesenthal Center. Waters stated that Cooper's accusation was bigoted. On 2 October 2015, Waters published an open letter in ''Salon'' criticising the band Bon Jovi for performing in Tel Aviv, which led Howard Stern to criticise Waters on his radio show. In June 2017 an organization known as ''We Don't Need No Roger Waters'' started to boycott Waters for his support of the BDS.
Waters' primary instrument in Pink Floyd was the electric bass guitar. He briefly played a H?fner bass but replaced it with a Rickenbacker RM-1999/4001S, until 1970 when it was stolen along with the rest of the band's equipment in New Orleans. He began using Fender Precision Basses in 1968, originally alongside the Rickenbacker 4001, and then exclusively after the Rickenbacker was lost in 1970. First seen at a concert in Hyde Park, London in July 1970, the black P-Bass was rarely used until April 1972 when it became his main stage guitar and as of 2 October 2010, the basis for a Fender Artist Signature model. Waters endorses RotoSound Jazz Bass 77 flat-wound strings. Throughout his career he has used Selmer, WEM, Hiwatt and Ashdown amplifiers but has used Ampeg for the last few tours, also employing delay, tremolo, chorus, stereo panning and phaser effects in his bass playing.
Waters experimented with the EMS Synthi A and VCS 3 synthesisers on Pink Floyd pieces such as "On the Run", "Welcome to the Machine", and "In the Flesh?" He played electric and acoustic guitar on Pink Floyd tracks using Fender, Martin, Ovation and Washburn guitars. He played electric guitar on the Pink Floyd song "Sheep", from ''Animals'', and acoustic guitar on several Pink Floyd recordings, such as "Pigs on the Wing 1&nbsp;&&nbsp;2", also from ''Animals'', "Southampton Dock" from ''The Final Cut'', and on "Mother" from ''The Wall''. A Binson Echorec 2 echo effect was used on his bass-guitar lead track "One of These Days". Waters plays trumpet during concert performances of "Outside the Wall".
According to vintagevinylnews.com, Waters had the 9th widest vocal range on a list of over 150 singers.
category:英國男歌手
category:搖滾歌手
卡塔尼亞地鐵（意大利語：Metropolitana di Catania），是意大利卡塔尼亞市的地鐵系統。卡塔尼亞于1999年6月開通。現有1條線路，11個車站，全長8.8公里，僅10個車站、7公里長的路段營運中。
卡塔尼亞地鐵的前身為 (FCE)，該線路於1895年開通，1898年全線通車，通車時路線全長約114.7公里，為一條軌距950mm的窄軌鐵路。儘管這條鐵路線對卡塔尼亞的交通一直很有幫助，然而1960年代之後，隨著私人車輛增加，該鐵路線經過市區的路段因為干擾市區車輛交通屢受批評，於是出現將市區段改造為地鐵的想法。
改造工程於1986年開始，工程主要為：軌距改為1435mm的標準軌距和電氣化，在電氣化部分，卡塔尼亞地鐵選擇義大利國鐵的3k伏特直流電，並以架空線供電，與多數地鐵使用的750或1500伏特直流電、第三軌供電不同。另外最初路線中包含1.8公里的地面段，僅鋪設單線鐵路。
1999年6月27日，地鐵首段開通，共有6個車站，全長3.8公里，其中 2 公里為地下複線鐵路（ - 段），1.8 公里為地面單線鐵路（ - 段）。地鐵開通的同時，的市區段也結束營運並被拆除。不過地鐵仍由環埃特納火山鐵路的營運商FCE營運。
2000年路線延長的工程開始，但工程屢屢因為各種地質、建築、下水道問題被迫暫停。首段開通17年之後，新路段終於在2016年通車，開通兩個新車站：卡塔尼亞中央車站站和，不過這兩個車站位於新建的地下化路線上，與舊有的1.8 公里為地面單線路段平行，因此FCE在新路段開通同時，將1.8 公里的地面單線路段與停運，至今沒有恢復使用的規劃。
2017年地鐵再開通西側3個車站，2021年7月27日又在原路線上增開一座車站。
FCE M-88型電力動車組
1999年卡塔尼亞地鐵開通之初，由於訂購的列車尚未完成製造，因此向 (FCU)，租借3節，這3節車廂於1957年製造，FCE給予編號E101到E103。FCE為地鐵訂製的列車於2001年交付，3節舊車廂便停止使用，並於2005年歸還FCU。
2001年FCE為地鐵訂製的列車交付，該列車由義大利的列車製造商製造，稱為。列車2節一組，於1998年開始生產，2001年交付4組，2008年交付1組，2011年交付3組，目前共有8組列車。營運時以1組列車營運，每組列車載客量為442人，列車最高速度為120公里/小時。
2018年FCE決定購買新列車，以應付路線延長，目前計畫增購54節列車，一樣以2節一組，可編為27組營運，未來可能增購中間車，或使用重聯的方式，增至3或4節編組運行。新列車的製造商與M-88型相同，最初10節車廂的合約價格約為400萬歐元。預計2021年9月開始交付。
FCE收費以時間計價，基本票價為90分鐘票，票價1歐元；單日票票價則為2歐元，效期自發售至隔日0：00；也有發售地鐵與公共汽車的聯合票券，效期為120分鐘，票價1.2歐元。另外FCE也發售定期票，效期自1個月至1年不等，票價15至120歐元，中學生可以購買16歐元的地鐵、公交聯合月票。從2015年4月開始FCE也接受電子票證，2018年10月開始，卡塔尼亞大學的學生可以享有免費搭乘卡塔尼亞地鐵與公交的權益，不過機場巴士除外。
目前地鐵每天運行，週一至週六6：40開始營運，週日與假日8：30開始營運，每天22時發出末班車。星期一到星期五下午 3：10之前，列車班距為 10 分鐘。星期一到星期五下午 3：10之後及週末和節假日班距為 15 分鐘。
卡塔尼亞地鐵目前計畫朝西北和西南兩個方向延伸。
卡塔尼亞地鐵在西南方向計畫延伸至卡塔尼亞-豐塔納羅沙機場，從目前終點站開始延伸6.8公里，設置8座車站，其中2.2公里的隧道已在建設中，計畫2023年建成，將先用於列車調度試驗，等到其餘路段完工後才投入營運。剩餘路段於2021年8月簽訂工程合約，計畫2022年上半年動工，2025年完工。
西北方向延伸目前分為三階段進行，第一階段從目前西端終點延伸2站，約1.7公里， 該路段於2015年動工，原定2018年通車，但由於承包公司的問題，進度嚴重落後，目前仍未完工，計畫完工的時間已延遲至2022年上半年。第二階段長度2.1公里，新建2座車站，工程合約於2021年4月簽訂，計畫2022年上半年動工，2024年完工。該段完工後地鐵將長達19.4公里，有23座車站。
至於第三階段目前尚在規劃中，該段將長達11.5公里，新建5座車站，2021年4月，義大利中央政府宣布，該路段列入國家復興計畫之中。
埃特納單軌為卡塔尼亞於2015年提出的新路線計畫，計畫建設2條新路線，採用單軌鐵路技術，連接卡塔尼亞與北方郊區，2條路線分別為綠線和橘線，綠線長12公里，有11個車站；橘線長10公里，有7個車站，兩條線沒有轉乘站，計畫以BRT連接兩線，橘線有與地鐵的轉乘站。計畫採用56列2節車廂編組營運，每列可載運200人。計畫在2015年提出之後，一直被擱置，2021年卡塔尼亞向中央政府遞交該計畫，希望列入優先項目推動，目前計畫兩條路線成本為4.8億歐元。
環埃特納火山鐵路 (FCE)
BiblioTech是一間位於美國德克薩斯州比爾縣的圖書館，是全球首家推行無紙化的圖書館。
由法官納爾遜·沃爾夫創立，於2013年第3季開幕。BiblioTech佔地約5千平方呎，館藏逾萬本電子書，並設有多部筆記型電腦、平板電腦及電子閱讀器供讀者借出使用。
* 全球首家無紙圖書館在美國開幕
樸智恩（，），韓國電視劇編劇。
*2009年：MBC《賢內助女王》
*2013年：SBS《來自星星的你》
*2016年：SBS《藍色海洋的傳說》
*2019年：tvN《愛的迫降》
*2009年：MBC演技大賞－作家獎（賢內助女王）
*2012年：第5屆韓國電視劇節－作家獎（順藤而上的你）
*2012年：KBS演技大賞－作家獎（順藤而上的你）
德利爾溫標（，符號為°D）是1732年由法國天文學家約瑟夫-尼古拉斯·德利爾（1688-1768）發明的一種溫標。該溫標最早將水的沸點定于零度，然后將水銀體積隨溫度降低收縮十萬分之一定為一個間隔。
1725年德利爾受彼得大帝邀請，到圣彼得堡建立天文臺。1732年，他以水銀為工作流體制造了溫度計，這樣可以保證在彼得堡的低溫下仍可使用。德利爾溫標只有一個定點，他將水的沸點定為零度，精確測量了水銀在此溫度下的體積，然后繼續測量水銀體積隨溫度下降的收縮率，以十萬分之一為間隔在溫度計上標出。圣彼得堡冬季的低溫在德利爾溫度計上往往顯示著水銀收縮了十萬分之兩千五
1738年 約西亞斯·維特布萊奇特（1702-1747）改進了德利爾溫標，他保持以水的沸點為零度，發現在水的冰點時，水銀大約收縮150/10,0000，于是定冰點為150度。他將自己制造的德利爾溫度計寄給了多名學者，包括安德斯·攝爾修斯這就是為什么攝氏溫標最早是將水的沸點定為0度，冰點定為100度。攝爾修斯去世后，在卡爾·林奈等人的建議下，才改成了今日的設定
中西部高校綜合實力提升工程是中華人民共和國教育部、國家發展和改革委員會、財政部在“十二五”規劃期間重點支持每個沒有教育部直屬高校的中國省份建設一所地方高水平大學的工程，是中國內地中西部高等教育振興計劃的一部分。
2013年5月22日，由中華人民共和國教育部、國家發展改革委員會、中華人民共和國財政部三部委聯合制定并印發的《中西部高等教育振興計劃（2012－2020年）》正式公布。《計劃》中提到要優化院校布局結構，支持中西部高校提升綜合實力。由此產生了“支持中西部高校提升綜合實力工作”或“中西部高校綜合實力提升工程”的說法。中國中央財政將安排專項資金，比照教育部直屬高校，對這些高校的學科建設、師資隊伍、人才培養等各方面給予支持。
截止到2013年8月，共14所高校進入了中西部高校綜合實力提升工程名單，它們均為省部共建高校，且除了河北大學以外均為“雙一流”建設高校。
2013年8月，中西部高校綜合實力提升工程名單中的14所高校正式成立了“中西部高校綜合實力提升工程”入選高校協作聯盟，簡稱中西部高校聯盟，聯盟秘書處設在貴州大學，由貴州大學校長鄭強擔任秘書長。
速霸陸Lucra為2010年至2015年間由日本大發工業製造、富士重工業販售的輕型高頂旅行車，其原型車為。
自2005年10月富士重工業納入豐田汽車體系以來，為了整合集團資源，2008年4月10日三方公開發表合作開發的意向。第一部三方合作成果的車款便是以大發Coo為基礎而開發的速霸陸Dex（兄弟車是豐田bB、賽揚xB），另一部則是以大發Boon為原型的第四代Justy。雖然原型車來自豐田或大發，但富士重工業仍針對水箱護罩、葉子板、進氣壩、車頭燈等部位稍作修飾，以便和原型車作出區隔。2010年4月20日適逢第二代Pleo大改款，富士重工業也順便推出這輛Lucra輕型車。
車名「Lucra」乃是取自英語中的Large（廣大）、Utility（效用）、Comfort（舒適）、Relax（休閒）、Active（活潑）等五個字首組合而成。
2010年 - 4月20日在日本正式發表，以換上速霸陸的廠徽銘牌而成，恰好填補R1和R2停產後的輕型車產品線。動力心臟分別為658c.c.直列三缸DOHC KF-VE型引擎及658c.c.直列三缸DOHC KF-DET型渦輪增壓引擎，分別輸出52ps / 6,800rpm和64ps / 6,400rpm的最大馬力、6.1kg?m / 5,200rpm和9.4kg?m / 4,000rpm的最大扭力；變速系統則有CVT與四速自動排檔可供選擇。這部車的後座能前後滑移255mm，且左右獨立椅背也能前傾，可創造不同的空間運用，也提供寬敞的乘坐空間。內裝方面有白黑雙色及黑色兩種可供選購，「Custom」更配置了藍光車室燈、中央扶手、MOMO跑車化方向盤等配備。