ticoAg/ChineseCorpus-Kaggle-fanti huggingface dataset:
C?rstea began 2012 ranked 60 in the world.Her first tournament was in Auckland, New Zealand the ASB Classic. Sorana lost in first round to Flavia Pennetta. In doubles she partnered with Darija Jurak of Croatia; they lost a first-round match to Kristina Barrois/Anna-Lena Gr?nefeld. At the Moorilla Hobart International Australia, C?rstea defeated Ksenia Pervak of Kazakhstan in first round . In second round C?rstea beat Bethanie Mattek-Sands of the United States of America. In third round C?rstea lost to Angelique Kerber despite having two match points. In doubles, she paired again with Darija Jurak of Croatia. They beat Kristina Barrois/Jasmin W?hr in straight sets. C?rstea/Jurak lost in second round to Irina-Camelia Begu/Monica Niculescu. At the 2012 Australian Open, C?rstea eliminated 6th seed Sam Stosur in the first round. In second round she beat Urszula Radwańska. She lost in third round to Sara Errani in a match harmed by an early back injury. In doubles Sorana played with Lucie ?afá?ová again, but they lost to 9th seeds Natalie Grandin/Vladimíra Uhlí?ová.
Sorana C?rstea at the 2012 BNP Paribas Open
At the 2012 PTT Pattaya Open, C?rstea was seeded 7th. She defeated Erika Sema in the first round and then Misaki Doi in the second by the same scoreline. In the quarterfinals, she defeated top seeded and world number 8 Vera Zvonareva when Zvonareva was forced to retire with a hip injury in the third set. She lost in the semifinals to Maria Kirilenko. In Doha, C?rstea beat Jarmila Gajdo?ová in the first round 6–4, 6–1. In the second round she lost 4–6, 6–7 to Samantha Stosur the 3rd seed.Sorana paired with Anne Keothavong in doubles, but they lost in first round to Anabel Medina Garrigues and Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova . At the Whirlpool Abierto de Monterrey, C?rstea was the third seed in the tournament and received a wildcard in singles. In the first round she defeated Stefanie V?gele in three sets. Sorana lost in second round to eventual champion Tímea Babos. C?rstea was the 48th seed at the BNP Paribas Open. She defeated Iveta Bene?ová in the first round, losing in the second to Agnieszka Radwańska. In Miami, she lost a first-round match to wildcard Heather Watson in three sets.
In Spain, at the Barcelona Ladies Open her first tournament in clay, Sorana was the 47th seed. In the first round she beat Polona Hercog after she retired due to dizziness. Sorana defeated Lourdes Domínguez Lino in the second round. In quarter- finals, C?rstea beat Olga Govortsova. She lost in her first semi-final of the tournament to Dominika Cibulková. In Stuttgart at the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix in Germany, C?rstea lost in the first round to Anna Chakvetadze 1–6, 0–6. In Estoril, Portugal at the Estoril Open, in the first round she lost 4–6, 4–6 to Silvia Soler Espinosa. At the Mutua Madrid Open in Madrid, Sorana upset seventh seed Marion Bartoli(FRA) in the first round 6–7(6), 6–4, 6–3. She lost in the second round to Anabel Medina Garrigues 6–1, 3–6, 7–5. In Rome at the Internazionali BNL d'Italia C?rstea defeated Jelena Jankovi? in the first round 6–3,4–6, 7–6(4). Sorana beat Sofia Arvidsson in the second round 6–3, 6–1. She lost in the third round to 4th seed Petra Kvitová 6–2, 5–7, 6–2. At the 2012 French Open in Roland Garros, Sorana lost in the first round to Li Na the defending champion 2–6, 1–6. In doubles, she partnered with Ayumi Morita and they lost in first round to Flavia Pennetta / Francesca Schiavone  2–6, 0–2 because of retirement. Morita had health problems.
In Birmingham, Great Britain at the Aegon Classic, her first tournament in grass, C?rstea as the No. 10 seed lost in the first round to qualifier Melanie Oudin. In doubles Sorana partnered with Anne Keothavong and they lost in first round to Shuai Zhang  / Zheng Jie. In Eastbourne, Great Britain at the Aegon International, Sorana lost in the first round to defending champion No. 4 seed Marion Bartoli. At the 2012 Wimbledon Championships, C?rstea defeated Pauline Parmentier in the first round. Sorana beat the 11th seed Li Na in the second round but lost to Maria Kirilenko in the third round. In doubles, Sorana and Ayumi Morita lost in first round to Casey Dellacqua/Samantha Stosur.
At the Bank of the West Classic, Sorana as the 9th seed in the tournament beat Vania King in the first round and lucky loser Zheng Saisai in the second. In the third round she defeated 3rd seed Dominika Cibulková in three sets. C?rstea lost in the semi-finals to Serena Williams in straight sets. At the US Open, C?rstea defeated 16th seed Sabine Lisicki in the first round. In the second round, she lost to Georgian Anna Tatishvili in three sets.  In the 2012 Guangzhou Open C?rstea advanced to the semi-finals before losing to Laura Robson.
Sorana C?rstea at the 2013 BNP Paribas Open
Sorana began the year at the 2013 ASB Classic where she lost her opener to Heather Watson. The following week, she defeated Nina Bratchikova before losing to Lauren Davis in the second round at Hobart. C?rstea reached the third round of the first slam of the year at the Australian Open losing to Li Na. She then followed it up with a semifinal showing at the PTT Pattaya Open losing to eventual champion Maria Kirilenko. She then reached the third round at Indian Wells where she lost to Agnieszka Radwańska. At the 2013 Sony Open Tennis in Miami, C?rstea made the 4th round after defeating Angelique Kerber in straight sets.  She fell to Jelena Jankovi? (6–0, 6–4) in the next round. At the French Open, she reached the third round losing to world no. 1 and eventual champion Serena Williams. She then reached the quarterfinal of the Aegon Classic falling to Donna Veki?. C?rstea lost to Camila Giorgi in the second round at Wimbledon.
She began the US Open Series with a semifinal at the Bank of the West Classic losing to Dominika Cibulková and a quarterfinal at the Citi Open losing to Alizé Cornet. In the Rogers Cup en route to reaching her first final in five years, C?rstea beat two former number one players, Caroline Wozniacki, (5–7 7–6(0) 6–4) and Jelena Jankovi?, (6–3,6–4) and former grand slam champions, Petra Kvitová, (4–6 7–5 6–2), and Li Na, (6–1,7–6(4)). She lost to top seeded Serena Williams in the final, 2–6 0–6. She then withdrew from the 2013 Western & Southern Open citing a back injury, and later retired from her first round match at the 2013 New Haven Open at Yale while trailing 3–0 against Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova. She had reached now the 21st place in the WTA rankings.
At the US Open, she defeated qualifier Sharon Fichman 5–7 7–6 1–6 before then being upset by Japanese qualifier Kurumi Nara 7–5 6-1 in the second round. Her next tournament was the 2013 Guangzhou International Women's Open where she suffered another early round loss, this time to Bojana Jovanovski 2–6 1–6. She advanced to the second round of the 2013 Toray Pan Pacific Open after beating Julia G?rges 4-6 4-6. She then defeated Misaki Doi before losing to Svetlana Kuznetsova in the third round. She then lost her opening matches at Beijing and Linz to Bojana Jovanovski and Patricia Mayr-Achleitner.
By the end of the year, she had lost her No.1 Romanian position to rising star Simona Halep.
Cirstea at the 2014 Mutua Madrid Open
Being ranked 22nd in the WTA Rankings, C?rstea began 2014 by losing her openers at Auckland to qualifier Sharon Fichman 6-1, 6-4 and at the 2014 Apia International Sydney to qualifier and eventual champion Tsvetana Pironkova 6-4, 6-1. At the Australian Open, C?rstea was the 21st seed, but she was defeated in the 1st round by Marina Erakovic 6-4, 7-6(6). C?rstea then reached her first quarterfinal of the year at the 2014 PTT Pattaya Open where she was seeded 3rd. She beat Anna Karolína Schmiedlová 6-1, 6-3 and Alison Riske 6-3, 6-4 before losing to eventual finalist Karolína Plí?ková 1-6, 7-6(3), 6-0.
At the 2014 Qatar Total Open, she defeated qualifier Alla Kudryavtseva in the first round 2-6, 6-1, 7-5. Then, she faced 2nd seed Agnieszka Radwańska in the 2nd round and lost 7-5, 6-0. The following week at the 2014 Dubai Tennis Championships, she defeated Italian Roberta Vinci in the 1st round 6-4, 6-3 and 4th seed Italian Sara Errani in the 2nd round 6-2, 5-7, 6-1 for a place in her second quarterfinal of the year. She subsequently lost to 8th seed Caroline Wozniacki in the quarterfinal 6-1, 6-2. C?rstea was the 25th seed at both the 2014 BNP Paribas Open and the 2014 Sony Open Tennis. She lost in the 2nd round at both tournaments to qualifier Camila Giorgi 7-6(3), 6-3 and Tsvetana Pironkova 6-3, 6-3. C?rstea had received first round byes from both tournaments. C?rstea was the 8th seed at the 2014 Family Circle Cup, but she lost in the 2nd round to Teliana Pereira 3-6, 6-3, 7-6(0). C?rstea had a first round bye here as well.
Despite the poor form in WTA tournaments, in April, C?rstea made a big contribution in 2014 Fed Cup World Group II Play-offs, helping Romania promote to World Group II after defeating Serbia 4–1, with C?rstea winning both her ties against Ana Ivanovic 3-6, 6-1, 6-2 and Bojana Jovanovski 6-3, 6-7(7), 6-3.
At the 2014 Porsche Tennis Grand Prix, C?rstea lost in the 1st round to German wildcard Julia G?rges 6-1, 7-5. She took 5th seed Petra Kvitová to three sets in their opener at the 2014 Mutua Madrid Open but still lost 6-1, 5-7, 7-6(4). Then, C?rstea succumbed to American qualifier Christina McHale in the first round at the 2014 Internazionali BNL d'Italia 6-3, 4-6, 6-1. C?rstea managed to end her losing streak at the 2014 French Open where she was the 26th seed. In the 1st round, she beat qualifier Aleksandra Wozniak 6-7(3), 7-5, 6-2. In the 2nd round, she beat Teliana Pereira 6-2, 7-5. Then, C?rstea lost in the 3rd round to 6th seed Jelena Jankovi? 6-1, 6-2.
At the 2014 Wimbledon Championships, C?rstea was the 29th seed. In the 1st round, she lost to young American qualifier Victoria Duval 6-4, 3-6, 6-1. C?rstea was the top seed at 2014 Baku Cup and defeated Tunisian wildcard Ons Jabeur in the first round 6-3, 6-3 but lost to eventual semifinalist Stefanie V?gele in the 2nd round 6-1, 6-1. C?rstea was the 8th seed at the 2014 Citi Open. She defeated Kiki Bertens in the 1st round 6-4, 4-6, 6-3 but then lost to Bojana Jovanovski in the 2nd round 4-6, 7-5, 6-3. At the 2014 Rogers Cup, C?rstea fell to 15th seed Lucie ?afá?ová in the 1st round 6-4, 6-2 failing to defend her finalist points from the year before. At the 2014 Western & Southern Open, C?rstea lost in the 1st round to 9th seed and eventual finalist Ana Ivanovic 6-1, 7-5. After Cincinnati, C?rstea got a wildcard for qualifying at the 2014 Connecticut Open. In the 1st round of qualifying, C?rstea beat Alison Van Uytvanck 6-3, 6-2. In the 2nd round of qualifying, C?rstea lost to 7th seed Kaia Kanepi 6-1, 6-7(1), 6-4.
At the US Open, C?rstea easily beat Heather Watson in the 1st round 6-1, 6-1. In the 2nd round, C?rstea lost to 7th seed Eugenie Bouchard 6-2, 6-7(4), 6-4. At the 2014 Guangzhou International Women's Open, she lost in the 1st round to qualifier Petra Marti? 7-6(3), 6-1. At the 2014 Wuhan Open, C?rstea lost in the 1st round of qualifying to 1st seed Zarina Diyas 7-6(1), 6-4. C?rstea's final tournament of the year was the China Open where she fell in the 1st round of qualifying to 9th seed Ajla Tomljanovi? 6-4, 6-4.
At the end of the year, C?rstea claimed that she had persistent small injuries particularly afflicting her shoulder.
C?rstea ended 2014 ranked 93. This is her 7th straight Top 100 season.
Sorana C?rstea at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships qualifying
Sorana played in the 1st round of 2015 Australian Open only to lose 5–7 0–6 to Alexandra Panova. As a result, she lost the top 100 ranking for the first time since 2008. Next, Sorana played an ITF tournament in Midland. She lost in the 1st round to young American Jessica Pegula 6-3, 6-3. Next, Sorana played at the Miami Masters in Miami, Florida. Again, she lost in the first round, this time to Christina Mchale 7-5, 6-4. Due to her early loss, Sorana decided to stay in Florida and play an ITF tournament in Osprey on clay. She lost in the first round to Danka Kovinic in straight sets 6-1, 7-5. Sorana then played at the Claro Colsanitas in Bogotá, Colombia. There, she lost in the 1st round to American Irina Falconi 6-4, 6-1. However, partnering with Yaroslava Shvedova, she won her 1st match of the year by beating Mandy Minella/ Olga Savchuk in the first round 7-5, 6-2. Then, they lost to the eventual champions P Goncalves/ B Haddad Maia of Brazil in the quarterfinal 6-3, 7-5. Next, Sorana played an ITF tournament in Saint- Gaudens, France which is another clay tournament. She fell in the first round to Yafan Wang of China in 3 sets 7-6(1), 4-6, 6-2. With the French Open starting on Sunday, 24 May, Sorana traveled to Paris to play qualifying. In Qualifying 1st round, Sorana won her first singles match of the year by beating Junri Namigata of Japan 6-3, 6-0. Next, Sorana played Mariana Duque Marino in qualifying round 2. Sorana beat Mariana Duque-Marino in 3 sets 7-5, 2-6, 6-3. Sorana faced Verónica Cepede Royg for a place in the main draw, but lost the match in straight sets 6-1, 6-3, breaking a streak of main draw appearances dating back to the 2008 Australian Open.
C?rstea began the year as world no. 244. In January she played at $25,000 ITF tournaments in Guaruja and Bertioga. In Guaruja she beat Oleksandra Korashvili, Rebecca ?ramková, Jil Teichmann, and third seed Beatriz Haddad Maia before losing to Montserrat Gonzalez in three sets in the final. At Bertioga, she beat Sandra Zaniewska, Victoria Bosio, Jil Teichmann and Rebecca ?ramková before beating Catalina Pella in the final. It was the first tournament win after a period of almost 4 years.
In February, she returned to the WTA Tour, by playing in Rio de Janeiro after receiving a wildcard, and here she reached the semifinals, with straight victories against Brazilian wildcard Beatriz Haddad Maia (score 6–1, 6–2), seed no.5 Polona Hercog (7–5, 7–6(7–4)) and seed no.3 Danka Kovini? (6–1, 6–2), before losing to Shelby Rogers in two tight sets. These performances made her climb up more than 90 places in the rankings. Also in February she played at a $25,000 ITF tournament at S?o Paulo. She defeated Yvonne Cavalle-Reimers, Martina Caregaro and Jil Teichmann en route to the semifinals where she lost to Sara Sorribes Tormo.
In March she attended the tournament in Miami, receiving a wildcard in the qualifying tournament, beating Kurumi Nara before losing to Francesca Schiavone. Also in March, Sorana attended the ITF $50,000 tournament at Croissy-Beaubourg. She defeated Elitsa Kostova, Josephine Boualem, and Andreea Mitu en route to the semifinals, where shee lost to 2nd seed Pauline Parmentier.
C?rstea kicked off her clay season in Istanbul and Prague, playing the qualifying round in both tournaments. In Istanbul she beat defending champion Lesia Tsurenko before losing to eventual champion ?a?la Büyükak?ay. In Prague, she lost in the first round in three sets against Samantha Stosur .
In Madrid-after receiving a wildcard-she reached the quarterfinals, beating Jelena Jankovic, Danka Kovini? and Laura Siegemund en route. In the last match she faced Dominika Cibulková and lost in three sets. Her next tournament was the French Open where she entered the main draw as a qualifer and lost in the first round to Elina Svitolina.
She started her grass season at the Mallorca Open, where she once again entered the main draw through the qualifying round, and defeated fifth seed Yulia Putintseva and Daniela Hantuchová before losing to Jankovic. After failing to qualify to the Eastbourne International, C?rstea lost in the first round of Wimbledon to Petra Kvitová.
Cirstea started her 2017 season at the Shenzhen Open. She defeated Kristina Kucova in the first round before losing to Agnieszka Radwanska in the second round. Cirstea made it to the 4th round of the Australian Open for the first time in her career defeating Irina Khromacheva, 10th seed Carla Suárez Navarro and Alison Riske in the first three rounds. She lost to seventh seed Garbi?e Muguruza in the fourth round. Cirstea's next tournament was the Taiwan Open where she was forced to retire mid match while trailing to Risa Ozaki in the first round. She was part of the Romanian team at the Fed Cup against Belgium for the World Group II 1st Round match up. She lost the 2nd rubber against Yanina Wickmayer in a close three setter which went on for 3 hours & 22 minutes. For the doubles, she teamed up with Monica Niculescu to give Romania their only win at the meet up against Belgium.
After making first round exits at the Hungarian Ladies Open and Indian Wells, she won her first singles match in nearly two months after defeating Monica Puig in the first round of the Miami Open. Cirstea would later fall to Caroline Wozniacki in the third round. She made the quarterfinals of the Mutua Madrid Open where she lost to Kristina Mladenovic. She made the semifinals of Nuremberg Cup after overcoming Yulia Putintseva's antics in the quarterfinals.
Cirstea made it to the third round of Wimbledon before bowing out to Garbi?e Muguruza.
Sorana C?rstea in 2011
In 2011, MSN recognized C?rstea as one of the most beautiful women in sports. ''Bleacher Report'' also recognized her as one of the "25 Tennis Players You Have to Follow" on Twitter.
*  Fed Cup - Player profile - Sorana CIRSTEA (ROU)
雷納角是南極洲的海岬，位於南設得蘭群島中利文斯頓島的布爾加斯半島東端，該海岬早在1821年由海豹獵人所用，現時由南極條約體系管理。
《湯姆·龐巴迪歷險記》全名《湯姆·邦巴迪爾歷險記及其它來自紅皮書的詩歌》，是J·R·R·托爾金所著并於1962年出版的奇幻小說詩集，這本書有16首詩，其中只有前兩首以弗羅多·巴金斯在《魔戒現身》(《指環王》第一卷)中遇到的角色湯姆·龐巴迪(Tom Bombadil)為主角。其余的詩歌是各種各樣的和童話韻。其中三首也出現在《指環王》中。這本書是托爾金中土世界傳說故事集小說的一部分。
#湯姆·龐巴迪歷險記
#湯姆·龐巴迪泛舟記
#月中老人熬長夜
#月中老人摔落凡塵
#石頭食人妖
#小伙子派瑞
#法斯提托卡隆
《湯姆·龐巴迪歷險記》這首詩歌的最初版本早在1934年就已完成。1961年10月初，托爾金的阿姨珍·尼夫問他：「能否出版一本以湯姆·龐巴迪為主角的小書？」。不久之後，托爾金便聯繫出版社的雷納·昂溫，洽商出版事宜，昂溫建議托爾金再收集一些作品以便一同出版，於是托爾金便收集了不少自己以往創作的詩歌交給出版社。1962年11月22日，《湯姆·龐巴迪歷險記》終於正式出版，書中所附的插圖由插畫家波琳·拜恩斯所繪。
*  ''The Adventures of Tom Bombadil'' ，Tolkien Library
布爾加斯半島是南極洲的半島，位於南設得蘭群島中利文斯頓島的東端，長10公里、寬4.7公里，該半島以保加利亞城市布爾加斯命名。
哈曼尼角是南極洲的海岬，位於南設得蘭群島中納爾遜島西端，面積34.53平方公里，該地區被國際鳥盟列為重點鳥區，現時由南極條約體系管理。
《隨心》是香港歌手劉雅麗第五張專輯，在2013年8月9日推出。這專輯是她相隔十年後再次推出的翻唱音樂作品，也是她首次參與製作的一張大碟。
蒂里齊斯島是南極洲的島嶼，位於南設得蘭群島的羅伯特島東岸對開，長1.05公里、寬0.35公里，該島嶼以保加利亞東北部城鎮命名。
*  Tirizis Island.  SCAR Composite Antarctic Gazetteer.
《霍比特人的歷史》是J·R·R·托爾金奇幻小說，以霍比特人為主角。共分為兩卷，第一卷名為「巴金斯先生」（Mr. Baggins），第二卷名為「重返袋底洞」（Return to Bag-End）。
《霍比特人的歷史》在2007年6月和7月由哈潑柯林斯（Harper Collins）在英國出版，2007年9月21日由在美國出版。《霍比特人》與《霍比特人的歷史》的套裝版本在10月26日出版。一個單一的版本於2011年10月27日出版。
兩卷托爾金的未發表的小說草稿由John D. Rateliff完成。它也包含托爾金的各種《霍比特人的歷史》修訂版細節，包括未發表的第三個版本，與以前未發表的原始地圖、托爾金自己繪製的插圖。
*  與John D. Rateliff的訪談
內羅畢購物中心襲擊事件是指肯亞當地時間2013年9月21日發生在肯亞首都奈洛比高檔的西門購物中心的恐怖襲擊，襲擊造成至少67人遇難（不計襲擊者），死者包括肯亞總統烏胡魯·肯雅塔的姪兒和姪媳、迦納知名詩人及政治家，6名英國人、2名法國人（一對母女）、2名加拿大人（外交官）和1名中國人（女性，38歲，其子在事件中受傷 ）。索馬利亞青年黨聲稱對這起襲擊事件負責，並強調這是對肯亞出兵索馬利亞進行報復。以色列軍方也派遣顧問協助肯亞軍警攻堅與營救人質。
西門購物中心由以色列商人擁有。武裝分子在9月21日大約中午時進入商場，叫現場所有穆斯林離開，說他們攻擊的目標是非穆斯林，又要求企圖離開的民眾答出伊斯蘭教先知穆罕默德的母親的名字（Aminah bint Wahb）以辨別是否穆斯林，答不出的人就被槍殺。武裝分子又向多家店舖的購物者開槍，並槍擊一群學習烹飪的孩子，停車場的一些人也遭到殺害。
肯尼亞內務部長約瑟夫·奧利·倫庫（Joseph Ole Lenku）在9月23日說軍隊已控制了商場的所有樓層，救出了大部分人質。肯尼亞官員稍後表示軍隊正在徹底搜查商場各層，已不大可能有人質仍留在商場內。
肯尼亞總統在9月24日宣佈圍攻行動結束，有11個疑犯被捕，又宣佈9月25日起全國哀悼三日。
2015年7月18日，該商場重新開業。
2020年10月7日，肯尼亞法院判決2人參與本次襲擊罪名成立，另1人因證據不足，獲判所有罪名不成立。2020年10月30日，罪名成立的2人分別被判入獄33年和18年。
* 內羅畢購物中心襲擊事件——光明網專題
英吉利海峽是南極洲的海峽，位於南設得蘭群島，處於格林尼治島和羅伯特島之間，長17公里、寬2公里，現時由南極條約體系管理。
*  English Strait.  SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.
西大邱貨物站，或稱西大邱站。是位于韓國大邱西區的一個鐵路車站，屬于京釜線。目前本站基本處于關閉狀態。
:枝川站 - 西大邱貨物站 - 大邱站
巴霍冰原島峰是南極洲的冰原島峰，位於南設得蘭群島，處於貝隆角東南面1.9公里、愛德華茲角西北面2.69公里、聖克魯斯角以北5.88公里和阿什角東北面6.34公里，海拔高度210米。
發現號灣是南極洲的海灣，位於南設得蘭群島的格林尼治島北部，長5公里、寬3公里，該海灣在1935年被英國探險隊繪入地圖，現時由南極條約體系管理。
格薩拉加半島是南極洲的半島，位於南設得蘭群島中格林尼治島的發現號灣東部，處於阿什角西南面1.38公里、費雷爾角東北面2.67公里和斯帕克角東南面5.03公里，長0.7公里、寬0.3公里，現時由南極條約體系管理。
費雷爾角是南極洲的海岬，位於南設得蘭群島中格林尼治島的發現號灣南部，處於阿什角西南面4.03公里、拉貝角東南面1.79公里和斯帕克角東南面6.36公里。
拉貝角是南極洲的海岬，位於南設得蘭群島中格林尼治島的發現號灣西南部，長0.6公里，處於阿什角西南面5.08公里、費雷爾角西北面1.79公里和斯帕克角以南5.97公里。
葛嬴，齊桓公的妾夫人，齊昭公的母親。
葛嬴原是葛國人，嫁給姜齊的國君齊桓公，生下公子潘。齊桓公的三位正室夫人王姬、徐嬴、蔡姬，都沒有兒子。齊桓公喜歡女色，待遇如同夫人的有六人：長衛姬，生了武孟（公子無虧）；少衛姬，生了公子元；鄭姬，生了公子昭；葛嬴，生了公子潘；密姬，生了公子商人；宋華子，生了公子雍。齊桓公死后，五子爭位，宋國擁立公子昭即位，為齊孝公。齊孝公死后，公子潘即位為齊昭公。
里克爾梅角是南極洲的海岬，位於南設得蘭群島中格林尼治島的發現號灣西南部，長0.45公里，處於拉貝角西北面1.3公里、奧爾蒂斯角東南面2.15公里和斯帕克角以西5.64公里。
奧爾蒂斯角是南極洲的海岬，位於南設得蘭群島中格林尼治島的發現號灣西北部，處於斯帕克角西南面3.7公里、塞拉諾角西南面2.17公里、阿什角西南面5.35公里、拉貝角西北面3公里和里克爾梅角西北面2.15公里。
汪在前，字雅堂，一字立伯，直隸徽州府歙縣人（今安徽歙縣），民籍，明朝政治人物。
明世宗嘉靖十二年十二月廿二日（1534年）出生，早年為諸生。其父汪炎與同僚不和，被誣陷得罪，下訟牒于嘉興府知府徐必進。汪在前請罪子代，后被徐必進辱駡。然而汪在前奮筆疾書。應天府鄉試第一百十五名舉人。隆慶二年（1568年）中式戊辰科進士。筮仕即得嘉興府推官，但兩人仍互相詆毀被誣陷，后轉任南京刑部郎中。隆慶四年（1570年）庚午，擔任鄉試主考官，馮夢禎即出其門下。萬曆二十四年（1596年）正月十七日，卒。享年六十四歲。
曾祖父汪榮富；祖父汪景茲，王府引禮舍人；父汪炎，縣丞。母王氏。
*馮夢禎撰：《快雪堂集》卷之二十二〈祭座師汪雅堂先生洎師母江安人文〉，頁345。
塞拉諾角是南極洲的海岬，位於南設得蘭群島中格林尼治島的發現號灣西北部，處於斯帕克角西南面1.66公里、阿什角西北面4.07公里、拉貝角以北4.31公里和奧爾蒂斯角東北面2.17公里。
迪島是南極洲的島嶼，屬於南設得蘭群島的一部分，處於格林尼治島和艾秋群島之間，長1.9公里、寬1.37公里，面積1.97平方公里，最高點海拔高度190米，現時由南極條約體系管理。
波特梅斯巖是南極洲的巖群，位於羅伯特島西北面，屬於南設得蘭群島的一部分，長1.3公里、寬1公里，處於海伍德島以西3公里、羅戈曾島西北面2.9公里，現時由南極條約體系管理。
海伍德島是南極洲的島嶼，位於羅伯特島北面離岸海域，屬於南設得蘭群島的一部分，處於卡塔里納角西北面2.88公里、哈默角西北面2.24公里和羅戈曾島東北面0.47公里。
王梴，字子長，浙江省寧波府象山縣人，民籍，治《詩經》，年四十歲中式嘉靖十一年壬辰科第三甲第一百九十八名進士。九月初二日生，行三十五，曾祖王在明，知縣；祖王京，推官；父王渙，監察御史；母周氏。永感下，妻吳氏，兄林；桓；木?景；檄；楷（訓導）；模（訓術）；橋；木?昻；櫕，弟棟；極；楠；楊。由縣學生中式浙江鄉試第十六名舉人，會試中式第六名。觀禮部政，陞工員外，郎中，江西參議，副使，參政，閑住。工部主事，官至湖廣參政。
羅戈曾島是南極洲的島嶼，位於羅伯特島西北面，屬於南設得蘭群島的一部分，處於康沃爾島東北面0.92公里、斯韋圖爾卡島西南面0.47公里和斯韋圖爾卡島西北面1.74公里。
* Rogozen Island.
印度果阿的塑料污染
白色污染(塑料、 發泡膠污染)是指環境中塑膠製品的累積，令野生動物的棲息地受到破壞，甚至對人類產生負面影響。塑料污染有很多不同的種類和形式，影響陸地、水域及海洋。一些地區已經開始進行塑膠減量，其作法是試圖減少塑膠的消費量及提倡。塑料污染的重點和便宜及耐用的塑料有關，也使得人們傾向使用高水準的塑膠。
塑料污染中，許多聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等製品產生的污染物為白色，因此也稱為白色污染。
植物上的塑料污染
塑料污染有許多不同的形式，包括（但不限於）垃圾、海洋廢棄物（已進入海洋的人造廢棄物）、塑料顆粒水污染、塑膠網和友好漂浮物。有相當大比例的塑膠是用來製作一次使用、可拋棄式的包裝材料，或是會在一年內丟棄的產品。常常各類塑膠的消費者只使用塑膠製品一次，然後就回收或丟棄。
依美國國家環境保護局的資料，2011年市區固態廢棄物中，塑膠佔其中的12%，而在1960年代時，塑膠只占市區固態廢棄物的1%。
據綠色和平的《塑膠圍港：香港海域塑膠分佈2018》研究報告，香港沿岸水域已遍佈聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚乙烯（PE）的塑膠垃圾，一般常見於即棄食品的包裝。跟三年前的同類報告比較，香港水域的平均微塑膠濃度增幅超過十一倍。2018年8月，他們實地考察9條香港主要河道的塑膠污染情況，並在城門河放置縮時相機，推算後得出單是其大圍段的位置，每年就有超過1750萬件塑膠垃圾直接流入大海。
含氯的塑膠會釋出有害的物質到周圍的土壤、地下水或周圍的水源中。因此飲用這些水源的動物會有健康上的影響。
堆填區域有各種不同種類的塑膠，在堆填區域，微生物會加快塑膠的生物降解過程。若是生物可分解塑膠，在分解時會釋放甲烷，是強力的溫室氣體，會增強全球暖化的效果。有些堆填區域會設置其他設施，可以捕捉甲烷來產生能源，但大部份的堆填區域沒有這類的設備。甲烷的釋放不只是在堆填區域，只要生物可分解塑膠在土裡就會釋放甲烷，而在一般土裡的降解過程需要更長的時間。
塑膠原料常以塑膠珠的形式，以貨櫃船運送。很多的塑膠珠灑入海中，據估計．海灘的垃圾中，有10%是塑膠珠。海中的塑膠大約會在一年內降解．但不會完全降解，而且依塑膠的不同，可能會釋放酚甲烷或聚苯乙烯等有毒物質到水中。聚苯乙烯塊及塑膠珠是最常見的海洋塑膠污染來源，再加上塑膠袋和食品容器等．就是大部份海洋廢棄物的來源。在2012年，估計海洋中大約有1.65億噸的塑膠污染物。
塑膠污染有可能對動物產生毒害，也對動物及人類的食物鏈有負面影響。在書籍《海洋生物導論》（Introduction to Marine Biology）中，將塑膠污染視為為對大型海洋動物的高度威脅：「最大的單一威脅」。綠色和平更提到，微塑膠會令海洋生物腸臟變形，降低其活動能力及反應。包括海龜在內的許多海洋動物都在其胃部發現有大量的塑膠在內，當這種情形時，因為消化道被塑膠堵塞，動物很可能會死亡，有時海洋動物會纏在塑料制品中，像塑膠網，這也可能使他們受傷甚至致命。
包括無脊椎動物在內，已有260種物體被發現吃到塑膠製品或是被塑料制品纏住，當動物被塑料制品纏住時，其活動受到嚴重限制，因此在捕食上會感到困難。而且動物多半會死亡，甚至會有嚴重的劃傷及潰瘍 目前估計每年約有四十萬隻海洋哺乳動物因塑料污染而死，2004年時估計北海的鷗胃中平均有三十塊塑膠片。
依塑膠種類的不同，塑膠中有許多不同的化學物質，這些的化學物質是塑膠可以有如此多用途的主要原因，不過塑膠對人類的影響也和這些的化學物質有關。其中有些化學物質可能會被人類的皮膚吸收，因著進入人體內。其中許多化學物質還不確定對人體會造成多嚴重的影響。在許多塑膠中，這些有毒化學物質的使用都非常少．但一般需要顯著性試驗才能確保塑膠中的毒性物質，是否包覆惰性材料或是聚合物
塑料污染會令人類在自然環境中娛樂時構成妨礙，影響人們的娛樂。
比如綠色和平提到微塑膠本來含有毒有害的添加劑，如落入海洋其表面更會黏附像：農藥、塑化劑等的持久性有機污染物（POPs）。有害物質若積聚在食物鏈，將會干擾內分泌系統，孕婦及發育中的小孩尤為危險。
家庭用品有許多是用塑膠製成
提倡塑膠減量及塑膠回收已有一些成果。有些超商不提供免費的塑膠袋．有些地方則提供更可以重覆使用的包裝材料，或是容易生物降解的包裝材料。有些社區或企業開始禁止使用一些常用的塑膠製品，例如瓶裝水或塑膠袋。
不少環保團體正進行塑膠減量的推動工作，例如：綠色和平2019年透過發布彩虹勇士號的調查報告和一些意見領袖的支持，揭發本地全面海岸塑膠污染情況，警醒社會走塑減廢的逼切性。同時開展與不同在港經營的大型超市企業接觸，交換雙方於走塑工作方面的期望。
生物可分解塑膠的使用具有許多優點和缺點。 生物可分解塑膠是在工業堆肥器中降解的生物聚合物。 生物降解材料不會像家用堆肥機那樣高效降解，而且在這個較慢的過程中，甲烷氣體可能會排放。
在美國主要的二種回收管道是及回收中心。美國約87%（約2.73億人）的人口日常有機會使用路邊收集或回收中心。路邊收集的普及率約有總人口數的63%（約1.93億人），作法是在路邊規劃特殊的回收桶，人們可將指定材質的塑膠放入，再由公家或私人的運輸公司載走。大部份的路邊收集會收集不只一種的塑膠，多半是聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯（PETE）和（HDPE）。回收中心的普及率約有總人口數的68%（約2.13億人），人們會將回收物品帶到一個位在市中心的設施。在回收後，塑膠會送到材料回收設備（MRF），依其塑膠成份分類整理，以增加產品價值，接下來塑膠會打包以減少運送成本。
各種塑膠回收的比例都有不同，美國整體的回收率在8%左右。2011年全美國約回收PETE了2.7百萬噸的塑膠。有些種類塑膠的回收比例較高，像在2011年回收了29%HDPE的塑膠瓶和29%PETE的塑膠瓶。
香港政府的三色回收箱現時僅接收樽型塑膠，即是只會接受1號PET、2號HDPE的樽型塑膠。至於3號至7號塑膠，只可以把它們交到民間組織的「不是垃圾站」，或是環保署轄下的回收點。
* Knight, Geof (2012).  Plastic Pollution. Capstone. ISBN 978-1-4329-6039-1
* Colette, Wabnitz & Wallace J. Nichols.  Editorial: Plastic Pollution: An Ocean Emergency. 3 March 2010. 28 January 2013.
*  Biodegradable Plastics and Marine Litter. Misconceptions, concerns and impacts on marine environments, 2015, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi.
* Ark, Planet.  Plastic Bag Reduction. 1 December 2011. 29 January 2013.
* Jessica, A. Knoblauch.  Environmental Health News. 2 July 2009. 29 January 2013
* Treacy, Megan.  "Biodegradable Plastics are Adding to Landfill Methane Emissions". 10 June 2011. 29 January 2013.