ticoAg/ChineseCorpus-Kaggle-fanti huggingface dataset:
the 362nd TEWS and its EC-47s, and the 460th TRW Det 1's "Patricia Lynn" RB-57Es.  The ability to track enemy units electronically and through reconnaissance photos was a major factor in the operations military success.  After heavy losses, the ARVN returned to South Vietnam on 9 April 1971.
Because these three squadrons flew the modified C-47 Skytrains, and many of the squadron personnel were World War II veterans, squadron personnel affably dubbed their  squadrons "Antique Airlines." Even though these aircraft were considered vintage, the equipment inside was not and the US would go to great lengths to prevent this equipment from falling into enemy hands,  As an example, when one EC-47 from the 362d TEWS crashed on 22 April 1970, members of an explosive ordnance unit policed the area destroying anything they found and six F-100 tactical air sorties hit the area to be sure.  Detachments of  these squadrons operated from different locations, including bases in Thailand.  Each of the main squadrons and their detachments moved at least once due to operational and/or security reasons.  Personnel operating the RDF and signal intelligence equipment in the back of the modified EC-47s were part of the 6994th Security Squadron (SS).
Being one of two reconnaissance wings supporting SEA there were few military operations that did not involve the 460th TRW.  Not only did the 460th TRW provide electronic and photo reconnaissance, the Wing's electronic capabilities allowed it to provide electronic counter measure support to B-52s returning from striking targets in North Vietnam.  The Wing even gave support to the Cambodian military against the North Vietnam and Viet Cong forces, as well as support to US units operating inside Cambodia.
As the Vietnamization Improvement and Moderization Program began, Vietnamese crews began flying with EC-47 crews from the 360th TEWS and 6994th SS, on 8 May 1971, to get training on operating the aircraft and its systems. The wing was inactivated in-place on 31 August 1971. Decorations awarded to the wing for its Vietnam War service include:
* Presidential Unit Citation: 18 February 1966 - 30 June 1967; 1 September 1967 - 1 July 1968; 11 July 1968 - 31 August 1969; l February-31 March 1971.
* Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat "V" Device: 1 July 1969 - 30 June 1970; 1 July 1970 - 30 June 1971.
* Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm: 1 August 1966 - 31 August 1971.
Members of Ranch Hand in 1964/1965, at a time when the program had only four C-123s. The aircraft on the right is the C-123 "Patches", now in the National Museum of the USAF
Early in the program (and later on anti-crop missions), Ranch Hand C-123s carried South Vietnamese Air Force markings and a South Vietnamese military representative on board.
C-123K Serial 54-0696–315th Air Commando Wing - April 1968. This aircraft was turned over to the South Vietnamese Air Force in 1972
Four-plane defoliant run of C-123s, part of Operation Ranch Hand.
Until the last half of 1966 the tactical airlift organization in Vietnam remained a temporary structure. The PACAF 315th Air Division, based at 日本, Japan, exercised command of airlift resources in South Vietnam through the 315th Air Corrrnando Wing at Tan Son Nhut Air Base.  However, the Army Military Assistance Conmand (MACV) controlled airlift through the Air Force component of the MACV joint staff, the 2d Air Division. This dual structure of command and control was complex and cumbersome.
The 315th Air Commando Group, (Troop Carrier) was activated at Tan Son Nhut AB on 8 December 1962 and became responsible for all in-country airlift in the Republic of Vietnam, including control over all USAF airlift assets, aerial port squadrons, an aeromedical evacuation squadron, and a special air transport flight of the Royal Australian Air Force. It was re-designated the 315th Air Commando Wing on 8 March 1966.
Squadrons of the 315th ACW/TC were:
* 12th Air Commando Squadron (Defoliation), 15 October 1966 - 15 July 1970 (Bien Hoa) (UC-123 Provider)
* Det 1, 834th Air Division, 15 October 1966 – 1 December 1971 (Tan Son Nhut) (C-130 Hercules)
* 19th Air Commando Squadron 8 March 1966 - 15 June 1967 (Tan Son Nhut) (C-123 Provider)
* 309th Air Commando Squadron 8 March 1966 - 15 June 1967 (Phan Rang) (C-123)
* 310th Air Commando Squadron 8 March 1966 - 15 June 1967 (Phan Rang) (C-123)
* 311th Air Commando Squadron 8 March 1966 - 15 June 1967 (Phan Rang) (C-123)
* Det 1., HQ 315th Air Commando Wing, Troop Carrier 1 August - 15 October 1966
* Det 5., HQ 315th Air Division (Combat Cargo) 8 March - 15 October 1966
* Det 6., HQ 315th Air Division (Combat Cargo) 8 March - 15 October 1966
* Royal Australian Air Force Transport Flight, Vietnam (RTFV) 8 March - 15 October 1966.
The unit also performed C-123 airlift operations in Vietnam. Operations included aerial movement of troops and cargo, flare drops, aeromedical evacuation, and air-drops of critical supplies and paratroops.
The 315th ACG was responsible for Operation Ranch Hand Defoliant operations missions. South Vietnamese president Ngo Dinh Diem requested USAF help to remove enemy cover. The USAF's Special Aerial Spray Flight was already using C-123s in the U.S. to control mosquitoes. After some modifications to the aircraft (which included adding armor for the crew), C-123B Provider aircraft arrived in Southeast Asia in January 1962 under the code name "Ranch Hand".
Flying specially-equipped C-123 Providers, members of the squadron flew low and slow to reduce the risks to our soldiers on the ground and to expose the enemy.  Ranch Hand never had more than five C-123Bs. Sometimes these aircraft had their spray equipment removed to conduct regular airlift flights, and it appeared that the defoliation mission might be eliminated altogether. With the increased U.S. commitment in South Vietnam in 1964 and 1965, however, requests for defoliation soared.
Ranch Hand grew into an essential part of the war effort, with over six million acres sprayed in South Vietnam between 1965 and 1969. Beginning in 1965 with only four aircraft, by the middle of 1969 Ranch Hand had about 25 UC-123 aircraft available for missions.  On 15 October 1966, Ranch Hand became the mission of the 12th Air Commando Squadron.
In 1965 Ranch Hand began using a very effective defoliant called Agent Orange, and the range of targets grew considerably.  The Agent Orange controversy later became both a political and veterans' issue. Operation Sherwood Forest sprayed the key Viet Cong-controlled Boi Loi Woods northwest of Saigon, and Operation Swamp Fox targeted the mangrove forests used by the communist for shelter in the Mekong Delta. Late in the year, operations extended into the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos. A flood of defoliation requests came in, and the small number of crews flew constantly.
The defoliation of vital enemy strongholds, transportation routes, and crops forced the communists to vigorously defend against the spraying. Ranch Hand aircraft regularly received damage on missions—considering their low altitude, low speed and large size, they were easy to hit. Ranch Hand maintainers worked constantly to repair the damage and get their UC-123s ready for the next mission. In addition to engines and flight controls shot out, and several crewmen wounded and killed, Ranch Hand lost five UC-123s in combat between 1966 and 1968.
In February 1967, Ranch Hand was ordered for the first time to fly missions over the De-Militarized Zone (DMZ) separating North and South Vietnam. These missions helped uncover infiltration routes from the north and expose stockpiles of supplies hidden in the DMZ. By June, 1967, the number of UC-123s had increased to 20.
During the Tet Offensive in early 1968, spraying operations were temporarily halted in favor of airlift missions. Between Feb. 5 and March 20, Ranch Hand UC-123s flew 2,866 airlift sorties.
The 315th ACW was transferred to Phan Rang Air Base on 14 June 1967.  With the Vietnamization drawdown in 1969, Ranch Hand was reduced from 25 to 13 aircraft. In 1970 Agent Orange was discontinued, and the existing stocks of Agent White ran out in May 1970. After the last anti-crop mission in January 1971, anti-mosquito spraying continued for a short time after, and then Ranch Hand ended.
Late in 1966 the division was reassigned without personnel or equipment, to Tan Son Nhut Air Base, South Vietnam, to join Pacific Air Forces Seventh Air Force, providing an intermediate command and control organization and also act as host unit for the USAF forces at Tan Son Nhut Air Base..
The 834th AD was formed from the 315th Troop Carrier Group (Combat Cargo) and 8th Aerial Port Squadron of the former C-123 Provider "Mule Train" units, and the "Dirty Thirty" provisional transport units.  Initially the 834th AD had a strength of twenty-seven officers and twenty-one airmen, all of whom were on permanent assignment to Tan Son Nhut.
The Air Division served as a single manager for all tactical airlift operations in South Vietnam, using air transport to haul cargo and troops, which were air-landed or air-dropped, as combat needs dictated through December 1971.   The 834th Air Division became the largest tactical airlift force in the world.  It  was capable of performing a variety of missions. In addition to
airlift of cargo and personnel and VNAF training. its missions and activities included "Ranch Hand" defoliation and insecticide spraying, psychological leaflet distribution, helicopter landing zone preparation, airfield survey and the operation of aerial ports.
Units it directly controlled were:
* 315th Air Commando (later, 315th Special Operations; 315th Tactical Airlift) Wing: 15 October 1966 – 1 December 1971
: Located at: Tan Son Nhut AB; later Phan Rang AB (15 June 1967-1 December 1971) UC-123 Provider.  Composed of four C-123 squadrons with augmentation by C-130 Hercules transports from the 315th Air Division, Tachikawa AB, Japan.
:: 2 C-123 Squadrons (32 a/c) at Tan Son Nhut AB; one (16 a/c) at Nha Trang AB; one (16 a/c) at Da Nang AB.
:: C-130 aircraft assignments were 20 aircraft at Tan Son Nhut; 8 at Nha Trang; 1 at Da Nang, along with 10 at Cam Ranh AB; 4 at Don Muang RTAFB and 5 at Ubon RTAFB, Thailand
* 483d Troop Carrier (later, 483d Tactical Airlift) Wing: 15 October 1966 – 1 December 1971
: Located at: Cam Ranh AB 5 C-7A Caribou squadrons (Taken over from US Army), C-130B Hercules (Det 2, 834th AD)
: 2 C-7A Caribou squadrons at Phu Cat AB.
* 2d Aerial Port Group (Tan Son Nhut)
: 8th Aerial Port Squadron, Tan Son Nhut (16 detachments)
: 14th Aerial Port Squadron, Cam Ranh AB (13 detachments)
: 15th Aerial Port Squadron, Da Nang AB (14 detachments)
:: Detachments were located at various points where airlift activity warranted continuous but less extensive aerial port services. Aerial port personnel loaded, unloaded, and stored cargo and processed passengers at each location.
The 834th AD also directed its crews to fly aeromedical evacuations missions within South Vietnam in support of the 903d Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron at Phu Cat AB, using C-7 Caribous and C-118 Liftmasters operating from mobile casualty staging facilities at medical field stations having operating airfields.
In addition, the 834th supervised transport operations (primarily C-47's) of the South Vietnamese Air Force and six A-4 Wallaby transports operated by the Royal Australian Air Force 35 Squadron at V?ng Tàu Army Airfield. The 834th's flying components also performed defoliation missions, propaganda leaflet drops, and other special missions.
C-123s from the Divisions's  311th Special Operations Squadron, (315th TAW) flew supplies into the surrounded Khe Sanh Combat Base, Vietnam in 1968 in relief of Marines and Army units there.  C-130s and C-7s also flew highly hazardous missions, dropping cargo on the dirt airstrip at the outpost.  The 834th received the Presidential Unit Citation recognizing their effort.
The Cambodian campaign was an incursion into Cambodia by United States and South Vietnamese armed forces in May and June 1970. The objective was to destroy faci1ities and supplies stored by the North Vietnamese within Cambodia. which the US had previously regarded as a sanctuary. The operation was supported heavily by tactical air strike and airlift forces. All three types of airlift aircraft (C-123, C-130, C-7) were employed by the 834th AD operating into 24 jungle airfields along the South Vietnam-Cambodian border, and airlifting more than 52.000 tons of supplies and equipment and 98,000 troops and passengers.
C-l30s airdropped ammunition and supplies to fire base personnel and Cambodian troops, and during the last week of June, C-7s and C-123s evacuated more than 3,000 Cambodian refugees from the
Cambodian airstrips of Bung Lung and Ba Kev
During its last few months, the 834th worked toward passing combat airlift control to Seventh Air Force.  On 1 December 1971 the 834th AD was inactivated as part of the USAF withdrawal of forces from Vietnam.
The 377th Air Base Wing was responsible for the day-to-day operations and maintenance of the USAF portion of the facility from April 1966 until the last USAF personnel withdrew from South Vietnam in March 1973. In addition, the 377th ABW was responsible for housing numerous tenant organizations including Seventh Air Force, base defense, and liaison with South Vietnamese Air Force.
Units assigned to the 377 ABW were:
* 834th Air Division (T-39, C-54, C-47, C-118, C-130)
* 7th Air Force (C-47, C-123 and C-54)
In 1972 deactivating USAF units throughout South Vietnam began to administratively assign units w/o equipment or personnel to the 377th ABW:
From Phan Rang Air Base:
* 8th Special Operations Squadron 15 January - 25 October 1972
* 9th Special Operations Squadron 21 January - 29 February 1972
From Cam Ranh Air Base:
* 21st Tactical Air Support Squadron 15 March 1972 - 23 February 1973
From Phan Rang Air Base
* 310th Tactical Airlift Squadron January–June 1972 and March–October 1972 (C-123, C-7B)
* 360th Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron 1 February - 24 November 1972
All of these units were administratively inactivated in place at Tan Son Nhut.
An operating location of the wing headquarters was established at Bien Hoa Air Base on 14 April 1972 to provide turnaround service for F-4 Phantom IIs of other organizations, mostly based in Thailand. It was replaced on 20 June 1972 by Detachment l of the 377th Wing headquarters, which continued the F-4 turnaround service and added A-7 Corsair IIs for the deployed 354th Tactical Fighter Wing aircraft based at Korat RTAFB, Thailand on 30 October 1972. The detachment continued operations through 11 February 1973.
The 377th ABW phased down for inactivation during February and March 1973, transferring many assets to the South Vietnamese Air Force.
When deactivated on 28 March 1973, the 377th Air Base Wing was the last USAF unit in South Vietnam.
* Martin, Patrick (1994). Tail Code: The Complete History of USAF Tactical Aircraft Tail Code Markings. Schiffer Military Aviation History. .
* Mesco, Jim (1987) VNAF South Vietnamese Air Force 1945–1975 Squadron/Signal Publications.
* Mikesh, Robert C. (2005) Flying Dragons: The South Vietnamese Air Force. Schiffer Publishing, Ltd.
* Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). ''Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947-1977''. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. .
*  USAF Historical Research Division/Organizational History Branch - 35th Fighter Wing, 366th Wing
*  VNAF - The South Vietnamese Air Force 1951-1975
*  505th Tactical Control Group - Tactical Air Control in Vietnam and Thailand
*  C-130A 57-460 at the National Air And Space Museum
*  The Tan Son Nhut Association
*  Electronic Warfare "Electric Goon" EC-47 Association website
*  The Defense of Tan Son Nhut Air Base, 31 January 1968
*  The Fall of Saigon
語義安全是密碼學中的術語。 如果已知某段未知文段的密文不會泄露任何該文段的其余信息，那么則稱該密文是語義安全的。該概念相似于香農的完善保密性定義。完善保密性意味密文不會泄露任何明文的信息，而語義安全側重表示被揭露的信息不會被實際竊取。
語義安全的概念首先由戈德瓦塞爾（Goldwasser）和米卡里（Micali）在1982年提出，兩人后來證明了語義安全和另一性質是等價的。 后者定義比語義安全更通用，因為它更能實施于檢驗實際加密方式的安全性。
在語義安全的對稱密鑰加密加密算法系統中，對抗者不可能從密文獲得明文。如交給兩段相同長度的明文與其中之一的密文，將不可分辨該密文所對應的明文。
猶太人家園（希伯來語：???? ??????）是以色列一個極端民族主義和宗教錫安主義的政黨，許多媒體視其為極右派政黨。
猶太人家園在2008年成立，由以色列的宗教政黨聯盟全國聯盟幾個成員合併而成，當中最大的成員是全國宗教黨，不過猶太人家園在成立不久就出現分裂，多個並非出身全國宗教黨的成員不滿在來屆（2009年）的出選名單當中，未有排到安全區域之內，而安全區域當中幾乎只有全國宗教黨的前成員。結果很多非全國宗教黨的成員都退出猶太人家園，使得猶太人家園儼然是全國宗教黨改了名而已。最後在2009年國會選舉中僅獲3席，比起選前預測（5-7席）為低。
2013年選舉與全國聯盟－復興合組名單，議席躍升至12席，成為第四大黨，當中猶太人家園取得8席；2015年選舉繼續與全國聯盟－復興合作，但議席則減至8席，6席屬於猶太人家園，在2018年，班尼特和其他2個議員退出猶太人家園，另組新右翼。
2019年選舉時，猶太人家園跟全國聯盟-復興在內塔尼亞胡拉攏下，與猶太力量合組右翼政黨聯盟競選，防止右翼選票過度分散，但議席仍然下跌至5席，當中3席屬於猶太人家園，新加入的猶太力量則分不到任何議席。由於沒有沒有任何一方能夠組成政府，議會被迫提前解散。
之後，右翼政黨聯盟與剛在選舉中未能通過選舉門檻的新右翼談判，但最初因為合組名單之後的領導權、議席分配的問題，以致談判膠著，但最後仍然在2019年7月29日宣佈組成右傾參與9月的選舉，結果右傾取得7席，但猶太人家園只佔當中2席。這次包括猶太人家園在內的右傾繼續選擇支持利庫德集團的內塔尼亞胡組閣，但不論內塔尼亞胡或者藍與白的甘茨都未能在限期前成功組閣，因此以色列需要進行1年內的第3次大選。
2020年以色列議會選舉，右傾得到6席，猶太人家園當中只有黨主席拉菲·佩雷茨當選。選後，甘茨以應對疫情為由，宣佈與內塔尼亞胡合組政府，但一直支持內塔尼亞胡的右傾在此時出現了分歧，新右翼的班尼特因為不滿新政府推遲司法改革，決定不加入政府，但是猶太人家園則決定退出右傾，加入聯合政府。
但聯合政府只是維持了大半年時間就因為財政預算案未能通過而倒臺。猶太人家園決定不參與2021年以色列議會選舉，改為支持右傾。拉菲·佩雷茨亦宣佈退出政壇。
%（第幾位）
加入政府與否
2.87（#11）
9.12（#4）
6.74（#6）
匯財金融投資控股有限公司，簡稱匯財金融投資控股、匯財金融投資，以及匯財金融（，），於2001年，在英屬處女群島成立「亞洲網上系統有限公司」（由陳錫強（本公司主席）私人持有Glory Stand Investments Limited，在2009年收購該公司80%股權，亞洲網上系統有限公司曾是亞洲網上交易科技旗下業務），前身「匯財軟件公司」，現時總部位於香港
行政總裁為李海港，業務是從事金融交易軟件解決方案的開發、銷售及租借業務
該公司股份在2013年9月26日於港交所創業板上市。配售股份為5000萬股，配售價格為0.82港元，集資額為2860萬港元
【新股上市】匯財軟件（０８０１８）配售上市淨籌２８６０萬元 經濟通 2013年9月18日
* finsoftcorp.com
越南戰爭，英國稱為Operation Masterdom（支配行動），越南稱為Nam B? kháng chi?n（南部抗戰），是在第二次世界大戰日本投降後在越南發生的戰爭，由英屬印度及法國的特遣隊、以及日本南方軍的部隊對抗越南共產主義的越南獨立同盟會，其目的是要爭奪越南的控制權。
根據官方統計，英國有介入的第一次越南戰爭之傷亡人數為：40名大英及印第安士兵，法國及日本傷亡人數略多於此，越盟死傷人數估計為2700，其中約有600人死於英國士兵之手，其餘則是被法國及日本士兵殺死。非官方的統計數字或許會較多，但考慮到越盟的統計方法，正確的數字應該永遠無法得知了。
還有40年的血腥戰斗將以兩個世界主要國家的失敗告終。1946年3月至7月，越共在法國的武裝和支持下，有計劃地開始處決越南民族主義團體的領導人和成員，如隸屬于胡志明的中尉Lê Du?n所說，“（消滅）反動派。”被稱為“大清洗”，目標是消滅所有被認為對越南共產黨有危險的人，從1946年到1948年，成千上萬的民族主義者、天主教徒和其他人被屠殺。13
5月至12月間，胡志明在法國呆了4個月，試圖就越南的完全獨立和統一進行談判，但未能獲得法國的任何保證。在與越共發生一系列暴力沖突后，法國軍隊轟炸海防港并占領河內，迫使越共軍隊撤退到叢林中。1946年12月19日，三萬越共在越南政府軍的領導下，在河內發動了一場針對法國軍隊的民族抗戰。13
《Sugarless GiRL》是日本音樂組合CAPSULE所推出的第8張專輯，於2007年2月21日發行。唱片公司為。
* 距離前作「FRUITS CLiPPER」發行約10個月的原創專輯。
* 製作了專輯同名主打曲「Sugarless GiRL」的PV，其後在精選輯「FLASH BEST」的DVD中被收錄了。
* 專輯未收錄曲「star sniper」在iTunes上作為Bonus Track限定配信。
《FRUITS CLiPPER》是日本音樂組合CAPSULE第7張專輯。於2007年2月21日發行。唱片公司為。
* 距離前作「L.D.K. Lounge Designers Killer」發行約半年的原創專輯。
* 12吋黑膠限定單曲「jelly」裡收錄的B面曲「seismic charge」的另一版本，在iTunes Store上作為Bonus Track限定配信。
* 專輯曲「dreamin dreamin」其後被MEG翻唱（收錄於專輯BEAM），「jelly」也被Kyary Pamyu Pamyu翻唱（收錄於迷你專輯もしもし原宿）。
賀州又稱吉理府，渤海國的州。
隸屬于龍原府，領四縣：洪賀縣、送誠縣、吉理縣和石山縣。《遼史 第三十八卷 志第八》記：屬東京道“賀州，刺史。本渤海吉理郡，故縣四：洪賀、送誠、吉理、石山，皆廢。戶三百。隸開州。”
《渤海國記 中篇》記：遼志，遼初棄東京未設官，遼圣宗東伐高麗乃置開州鎮國軍節度，鹽州、穆州和賀州這三個州，為渤海國舊名。縣一曰開遠，以慶州龍原縣改也，穆州屬縣一曰會農縣，亦是渤海國舊名。遼圣宗置宗州熊山縣，沒能確定與慶州熊山是否為一地。
在控制理論中的閉迴路傳遞函數是針對一個系統中有反饋迴路時的數學表示法。
閉迴路的傳遞函數可以在輸出端量測，輸出信號的波形可以由輸入信號波形及閉迴路傳遞函數計算而得。
以下是一個閉迴路傳遞函數的例子：
計算總和的節點和''G''(''s'')及''H''(''s'')可以合併為一個方塊，其傳遞函數如下：
先定義中間信號Z如下：
Image:Closed Loop Block Deriv.png
藉由上圖可得
「櫻花」（さくら）是日本音樂組合CAPSULE（以capsule名義）發行的第一張單曲。於2001年3月28日發行。唱片公司為。
* CAPSULE（以capsule名義）主流出道的第一張單曲。
* 「櫻花」是一首十分抓耳的流行曲，當中帶有東洋色彩，旋律會讓人想起80年代的日本音樂，令人一聽難忘。
* 這張單曲曾經登上ORICON周榜第60位，是組合首張上榜的單曲。
全曲、作詞、作曲?編曲：中田康貴（“おまけ付”作詞為越島敏子）。
#櫻花（さくら）
#壞掉的時鐘（壊れた時計）
#戀愛了（戀をしました）
#附贈曲（おまけ付）*Bonus Track
參卓林寺（藏語稱“參卓林”），又名“嘎東寺”，全名“嘎東參卓格丹塔杰林”，位于西藏自治區日喀則市白朗縣嘎東鎮馬義村，是一座藏傳佛教格魯派寺院。是西藏大藏經最初翻譯之所。
參卓林寺位于白朗縣嘎東鎮馬義村境內，距離白朗縣城16公里，海拔3890米。
該寺是西藏佛教前弘期于8世紀中葉興建的寺院，由大譯師巴澤西熱瓊乃創建。傳說13世紀后藏知名的喇嘛譯師巴察巴·措赤加布曾經在該寺講經。班欽·釋迦室利擔任該寺堪布時，擴大了該寺規模。班欽·釋迦室利（1127年－1225年），通稱“克什米爾班欽”，生于克什米爾哲丹城的扎哇索惹，初名“曲吉堅贊”，23歲時出家，30歲受近圓戒。他因精通五明而成為大班智達，是藏傳佛教后弘期傳播律學的知名佛學家。他所傳的律學被西藏佛教界稱作“班欽律統”。他傳授的顯密經論非常多，影響很廣。他所傳的律學屬于根本說一切有部，是西藏所有持律者遵循的三個來源之一。
嘎東寺曾經盛行過寧瑪派、噶舉派、薩迦派等教派，從17世紀中葉開始信奉格魯派。
文化大革命中，該寺被毀。1985年，該寺在原址重建。21世紀初，全寺占地面積2139.25 平方米。寺內供奉釋迦牟尼、宗喀巴師徒三尊、度母等佛像。寺中收藏文物108件，包括700年前陶制的克奇班禪佛像一尊；500年前的度母化生的空行母色薩曲珍的頭蓋骨一個，頭蓋骨上天然生有三個藏文字“阿”、“熱”、“達”，以及度母像；該寺第四任堪布格龍勒巴仁欽（桑布欽布）的右脛骨，上端的骨縫周圍自生有微小的釋迦牟尼、觀世音菩薩、無量光佛、護法神、度母五尊佛像；其左脛骨自生有微小的釋迦牟尼以及四個白色舍利。
2012年時，全寺僧人核定編制50名，實有僧人47名，其中日喀則地區政協委員1名，日喀則地區佛協理事2名。到2012年，該寺在編僧人中，有6名老年僧人被納入最低生活保障范圍；全寺僧人的醫保、養老保險參保率均達到100%。2010年，該寺被列為白朗縣文物保護單位，此后正在申請西藏自治區文物保護單位。2012年，參卓林寺、參卓林寺管委會、該寺47名僧人分別被評為西藏自治區、日喀則地區、白朗縣三級先進單位、和諧模范寺廟、愛國守法先進僧尼等榮譽稱號。
參卓林寺每年舉辦兩次重大的傳統佛事：藏歷新年，大年初一舉辦立經桿活動；藏歷7月28日舉辦嘎依跳神節。活動期間，來該寺朝拜的信眾達上萬人。
*貴州 (廣西)，唐朝時設置的州，在今廣西壯族自治區境內
*貴州省 (清)，清代的一個省
*貴州省 (中華民國)，民國時期的貴州省
*貴州省，中華人民共和國下轄的一個省
青山健煕(，)，朝鮮語名樸健熙，朝鮮間諜人員，他於1998年在中國工作期間逃亡到日本。
青山健煕出生於日本大阪府生野區，是在日朝鮮人。1960年，他響應當時朝鮮最高領導人金日成發起的歸國運動來到朝鮮，並接受政府的間諜教育，後被派遣到中國北京工作。1998年，他被平壤政府徵召回國，然而，由於聽聞不少歸國後的同行也被肅清，考慮到安全問題，他決定尋求日本駐北京領事館的協助逃到日本。
2003年，已來到日本的青山健煕由於所使用的偽造護照上的國籍為中國，因此，他未能取得日本國籍。為了「得到明確的法律地位和提供北韓的迫害事實」，青山健煕向日本法務省東京出入境管理局提交了難民申請。然而，在同年11月，他的請求遭到否決。2006年，他就出入境管理局否決他的提請要求賠償。
現時，青山健煕還居於日本﹔他曾組織「在日逃北者同志會」以協助在日本的脫北者生活，又曾出版兩部回憶錄，講述他的間諜生涯和北韓打壓人權的實況。另外，據他估計，為報復他的出逃，平壤政府把他的妻子和家人也送到集中營。
格培林寺，位于西藏自治區日喀則市白朗縣巴扎鄉覺杰村，是一座藏傳佛教的女尼寺院。
格培林寺是位于西藏自治區日喀則市白朗縣巴扎鄉覺杰村的一座藏傳佛教寺院。
2012年，格培林寺的尼師卓瑪被評為西藏自治區愛國守法先進僧尼。
乞力馬扎羅咖啡是吉力馬札羅山種植的咖啡，以阿拉比卡種的咖啡聞名世界，其風味與肯亞種的相似，在海拔1600米以上的種植區域，屬於高海拔咖啡。
其風味獨特，有著葡萄酒般的香醇及花果香氣，味道微酸。
此種咖啡產于坦桑尼亞東北部的非洲最高山脈乞力馬扎羅山。其咖啡品質優良，香氣濃郁，酸味突出，適宜于調配綜合咖啡。乞力馬扎羅咖啡是坦桑尼亞經濟的重要命脈，大概17%的外匯是由咖啡所創造，主要生產地集中在東北Arusha附近的MountKilimanjaro周圍，就是乞力馬扎羅火山，常年積雪的非洲最高峰。而乞力馬扎羅咖啡，為坦桑尼亞AA咖啡豆最頂尖代表之一，經由火山灰孕育，大自然成就的豆種，咖啡中帶者獨特的可可亞果香，有強烈的甘醇度。
這種的咖啡豆具有不同凡響的品質，生產于臨近乞力馬扎羅山的莫希區，高度三千英尺至六千英尺的山岳地帶是最適合栽培咖啡的地區，肥沃的火山灰賜予了這里的咖啡濃厚的質感和柔和的酸度。它所散發出細膩的芬芳，并且含有葡萄酒和水果的香氣，令人品嘗過后回味無窮。喝過乞力馬扎羅咖啡，總會感覺到嘴角邊有一種柔軟香醇的泥土味，咖啡美食家常用“野生”或“野性”之類的詞形容它，可以說純正的乞力馬扎羅咖啡是“最具非洲特色的咖啡”。乞力馬扎羅AA是最高等級的豆子，其顆粒飽滿，風味純正，濃郁爽口，各方面的品質均為上等。通常它的酸性要比肯亞咖啡溫和，并且均勻地刺激舌頭后部中間和兩側的味蕾，感覺有點像蕃茄或汽水的酸味。經中度或中度以上的烘焙后有著濃厚的香氣，再研成細粉，加開水泡上一壺，呼朋喚友圍坐品嘗，頓覺芳香四溢，口舌生津。坦桑尼亞著名的咖啡品牌有Africafe、Tanica Cafe、Kilimanjaro等，其品質比我們常喝的雀巢咖啡要好得多。坦桑尼亞的咖啡很早就深得歐洲人的喜愛，躋身于名品的行列中。歐洲人賦予坦桑尼亞咖啡“咖啡紳士”的別名，咖啡鑒賞家更是將它與“咖啡之王”藍山、“咖啡貴夫人”的摩卡并稱為“咖啡三劍客”。
謝卓林寺，位于西藏自治區日喀則市白朗縣瑪鄉吉丁村，是一座藏傳佛教寺院。
謝卓林寺，又譯“謝珠林寺”，是位于西藏自治區日喀則市白朗縣的一座藏傳佛教寺院。
謝卓林寺始建于1226年，是一座具有濃厚的藏族文化特色的寺院。
色熱卓德寺，位于西藏自治區日喀則地區白朗縣強堆鄉亞龍村，是一座藏傳佛教寺院。
色熱卓德寺是位于西藏自治區日喀則地區白朗縣強堆鄉亞龍村的一座藏傳佛教寺院。
色熱卓德寺是白朗縣的著名寺院之一。白朗縣的知名寺院還有參卓林寺、謝卓林寺、當欽寺等等。
當欽寺，位于西藏自治區日喀則地區白朗縣杜瓊鄉，是一座藏傳佛教格魯派寺院。
當欽寺是位于西藏自治區日喀則地區白朗縣杜瓊鄉的一座藏傳佛教寺院。
該寺始建于1413 年，是日喀則市的扎什倫布寺的屬寺。該寺是白朗縣的著名寺院之一。白朗縣的知名寺院還有參卓林寺、謝卓林寺、色熱卓德寺等等。
曲宗寺，位于西藏自治區日喀則地區白朗縣曲奴鄉金確村，是一座藏傳佛教寺院。
曲宗寺是位于西藏自治區日喀則地區白朗縣曲奴鄉金確村的一座藏傳佛教寺院。
2012年，曲宗寺的僧人次仁普尺被評為西藏自治區愛國守法先進僧尼。
白崗寺，位于西藏自治區日喀則地區白朗縣強堆鄉白崗村，是一座藏傳佛教寺院。
白崗寺是位于西藏自治區日喀則地區白朗縣強堆鄉白崗村的一座藏傳佛教寺院。
2008年4月10日，中共白朗縣委書記毛華銘，中共白朗縣委副書記、白朗縣人大主任普次仁，中共白朗縣委常委、縣委辦公室主任田兵，中共白朗縣委常委、縣委統戰部部長邊倉來到白崗寺調研寺廟宗教工作。
2012年，白崗寺的僧人普確被評為西藏自治區愛國守法先進僧尼。
旺嘎寺，位于西藏自治區日喀則地區白朗縣旺丹鄉武日村，是一座藏傳佛教寺院。
旺嘎寺是位于西藏自治區日喀則地區白朗縣旺丹鄉武日村的一座藏傳佛教寺院。
2012年，旺嘎寺的僧人落桑被評為西藏自治區愛國守法先進僧尼。
麻尼拉康，位于西藏自治區日喀則市白朗縣東喜鄉強日村，是一座藏傳佛教寺院。
麻尼拉康是位于西藏自治區日喀則市白朗縣東喜鄉強日村的一座藏傳佛教寺院。
2012年，麻尼拉康的僧人邊巴被評為西藏自治區愛國守法先進僧尼。
強歸曲德寺，位于西藏自治區日喀則市白朗縣者下鄉普村，是一座藏傳佛教女尼的寺院。
強歸曲德寺是位于西藏自治區日喀則市白朗縣者下鄉普村的一座藏傳佛教寺院。
2013年，強歸曲德寺公路工程正在施工中，同時進行的還有白朗縣洛江鎮查吉熱寺公路工程。
公魚屬（''Hypomesus''）為胡瓜魚科下的一個屬，其下五個種均位於北半球。
該屬下有五個種：
* 日本公魚（''Hypomesus japonicus'' (Brevoort, 1856)）
* 西太公魚（''Hypomesus nipponensis'' McAllister, 1963）
* 池沼公魚（''Hypomesus olidus'' (Pallas, 1814)）
* 海公魚（''Hypomesus pretiosus'' (Girard, 1854)）
* 越洋公魚（''Hypomesus transpacificus'' McAllister, 1963）
其中池沼公魚廣泛分佈于亞洲、阿拉斯加和加拿大西北部，而越洋公魚是加利福尼亞州沙加緬度三角洲的瀕危物種。''H. chishimaensis''原來也是其下的一個種，但後來併入西太公魚下。
查吉熱寺，位于西藏自治區日喀則市白朗縣洛江鎮，是一座藏傳佛教寺院。
查吉熱寺是位于西藏自治區日喀則市白朗縣洛江鎮的一座藏傳佛教寺院。
2013年，查吉熱寺公路工程正在施工中，同時進行的還有白朗縣者下鄉強歸曲德寺公路工程。
陳沂所著《金陵古今圖考》中明朝都城圖
應天府是明朝設置的府，為明代初期首都，後改留都。轄區即今南京市，及句容市、溧陽市范圍。
元朝時，為集慶路，屬江浙行省。
至正十六年（1356年、太祖丙申年），朱元璋攻占集慶路，三月改集慶路為應天府。至正二十四年（1364年）即吳王位，王都應天府。元至正二十六年（1366年）拓建建康城。明洪武元年（1368年）八月，朱元璋稱帝，仍以建康城為京城，二年九月始建新京城，六年八月建成。都城內的宮城（即明故宮）稱紫禁城。洪武十一年，稱京師。
建文元年（1399年）燕王朱棣反叛他的姪子建文帝，發動了靖難之變，建文四年（1402年）燕兵破應天府城，朱棣登基，是為明成祖，明年改元永樂。
永樂元年（1403年），朱棣決定北平府改為順天府（今北京），立為陪都兼北京。
永樂十九年（1421年），明成祖正式遷都，史稱永樂遷都，南京應天府成為陪都。
南明弘光元年（1645年），清軍佔領江南，改應天府為江寧府。
洪武初年，應天府設知府、同知、通判及經歷、知事、照磨等官。後添設治中、推官。洪武三年、陞格為正三品衙門。賜銀印。同時，將知府改為府尹。同知更為府丞。洪武二十七年、添設檢校。
應天府下領八縣。
原歸屬、名稱
五代時，由江寧縣分出，兩縣以秦淮河為界兩縣同城而治，河北為上元縣、河南為江寧縣。太祖丙申年（1356年），遷縣治淳化鎮，明年復還舊治。東北有鐘山，山南有孝陵衛，洪武三十一年置。北有覆舟山。西北有雞鳴山、幕府山。又東北有攝山。東南有方山。北濱大江。東南有秦淮水，北流入城，又西出，入大江。又北有玄武湖。東有青溪，又有淳化鎮巡檢司。
南有聚寶山、牛首山。西南有三山、烈山、慈姥山。西濱大江。東北有靖安河。西南有大勝關、江寧鎮。東南有秣陵關。西有江東四巡檢司。北有龍江關，置戶分司於此。
今鎮江市句容市
南有茅山。北有華山，秦淮水源於此。北濱大江。西北有龍潭巡檢司。
今常州市溧陽市
洪武二年，由州降為縣。東南有鐵山、銅山。西南有鐵冶山。北有長蕩湖，一名洮湖，與宜興縣、金壇縣分界。西北有溧水，一名瀨水，上承丹陽湖，東流為宜興縣荊溪，入太湖，舊名永陽江，又曰中江也。西北有上興埠巡檢司，后廢。
今南京市溧水區
洪武二年，降為縣。東南有東廬山，秦淮水別源出焉。南有石臼湖，西連丹陽湖，注大江。
今南京市高淳區
弘治四年（1491年），以溧水縣高淳鎮置。西南有固城湖、丹陽湖、石臼湖等湖泊。東南有廣通鎮，俗曰東壩，有廣通鎮巡檢司。
今南京市浦口區
本六合縣浦子口巡檢司，洪武九年六月改為縣，析和州、滁州及江寧縣地益之。二十五年七月移於江北新開路口，仍置巡檢司於舊治。東南濱大江，有江淮衛，洪武二十八年正月置。又有西江口巡檢司。
今南京市六合區
元朝屬真州。洪武三年直隸揚州府。二十二年二月來屬。東有瓜步山，濱大江，滁河水自西來，入焉。有瓜埠巡檢司。