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 |  |  | APPENDIX 1.  CHARACTERISTICS of MAJOR PALEO and MESOPROTEROZOIC OROGENS
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Tectonic Settings Represented |  |  |  |  |  | Juvenile Continental Crust
 | Onset subduction (Ma) | Onset collision (Ma) | Termination collision (Ma) | Subduction Duration (My) | Collision duration (My) | Remnants of Archean crust (Ma) | Area (km2) | crustal thickness (km) | volume preserved (km3) | volume preserved per subduction duration window (km3/y) | cont arc | oceanic arc | [NAME] (incl sediments) | microcraton | LIP and OIB | oceanic crust (incl. serpentinites, pelagic sediments) | continental arc | oceanic arc | Reworked Components | microcraton | LIP and OIB | oceanic crust (incl. serpentinites, pelagic sediments) | Total Fraction Juvenile | volume juvenile (km3) | juvenile volume preserved per subduction duration window (km3/y) | Fraction recycled | fraction of juvenile crust with age ≤ 200 My of collision age | volume of juvenile with age ≤ 200 My of collision age (km3) | Notes | juvenile crust ocean basin closing stage (km3) | juvenile crust collision stage (km3) | fraction subduction stage | fraction collision stage | References
[NAME] | 2450 | 2350 | 2300 |  |  |  | 50000 | 40 |  |  | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] 2009 Jour S American Earth Sciences 27: 235-246; Santos et al 2009 Geol Society London Spec Public 323: 271-281
Luizian | 2350 | 2100 | 2000 |  |  |  | 110000 | 40 |  |  | 0.8 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  | earlier granulite facies metamorphism at 2350 [NAME] (?) |  |  |  |  | [NAME] 1994 Jour. African Earth Sciences 19: 199-224; [NAME] et [NAME] 1998 [NAME]. 87: 161-216
West Congo | 2335 | 2100 | 2000 |  |  | 2600-2500 | 129900 | 40 |  |  | 0.8 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  | closure at 2 Ga collision with Sao Franciso craton |  |  |  |  | [NAME] 1994 Jour. African Earth Sciences 19: 199-224; [NAME] et [NAME] 1998 [NAME]. 87: 161-216
Birimian-Transamazonian | 2200 | 2100 | 2050 |  |  | 3400-2630 | 1000000 | 40 |  |  | 0.55 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ganne et al 2012 Nature Geoscience 5: 60-65; Boher et al 1992 Jour Geophys Research 97: 345-369; [NAME] al 2003 Precamb Res 127: 329-543
Limpopo | 2080 | 2060 | 1940 |  |  | 3300-2555 | 200000 | 40 |  |  | 0.1 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] 2007 Jour Petrology 48: 1605-1639; Kramers/Mouri 2011 Geol Soc America Memoir 207: 85-106
[NAME] (Pachelma) | 2100 | 2050 | 2000 |  |  |  | 300000 | 35 |  |  | 0.8 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Bogdanova et al 1996 Tectonophysics 268: 1-21; Bibikova et al 2009 Statigraphy & Geological Correlation 17: 561-573; [NAME] 2007 Geotectonics 41: 38-62
Eburnean | 2100 | 2050 | 1990 |  |  | 3400-2400 | 925000 | 40 |  |  | 0.3 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Santos et al 2000 [NAME]: 453-488; Lerouge et al 2006 Jour African Earth Sciences 44: 413-427
Magondi-Kheis | 2200 | 2040 | 1960 |  |  | 3015-2700 | 409530 | 40 |  |  | 0.75 | 0 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.85 |  | merges with Limpopo in N Botswana |  |  |  |  | Majaule et al 2001 Jour African Earth Sciences 32: 257-267; [NAME] Geol Magazine 138: 299-308; Singletary et al 2003 Precamb Res 121: 47-71
Usagaran-Tanzania | 2050 | 1980 | 1930 |  |  | 2740-2030 | 2050 | 40 |  |  | 0.15 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1950-1880 collision is [NAME] block |  |  |  |  | Reddy et al 2003 Tectonophys 375: 101-123; Lenoir et al 1994 Jour. African Earth Sciences 19: 169-184; [NAME] et al 2006 Precambrian Res 148: 225-256
Taltson | 2100 | 1970 | 1930 |  |  | 2700-2500 | 240000 | 40 |  |  | 0.8 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.95 |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] et al 2000 Canadian Jour Earth Sciences 37: 1575-1596; De et al 2000 Precamb Research 102: 221-249
Glenburgh | 2100 | 1965 | 1940 |  |  | 3500-2430 | 400000 | 40 |  |  | 0.7 | 0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.85 |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] et al 2011 Precambrian Res 189: 239-262
Thelon | 2050 | 1960 | 1910 |  |  | 2700-2500 | 110000 | 40 |  |  | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.95 |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] et al 2000 Canad [NAME] 37: 1575-1596
Lapland Granulite belt | 2000 | 1920 | 1870 |  |  | 3000-2700 | 472500 | 40 |  |  | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] 2001 Precambrian Res 105: 289-314; [NAME] 32: 579-598
Wopmay | 2000 | 1900 | 1840 |  |  |  | 192700 | 40 |  |  | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  | after 1840 continental margin changed to rift/passive margin |  |  |  |  | Bowring/Podosek 1989 Earth Planet Sci Lettrs 94: 217-230; Hildebrand et al 1987 Jour Volcanology Geotherm Research 32: 99-118; Hildebrand et al 2010 Geol Soc America Bull 122: 794-814
Angara | 2000 | 1900 | 1850 |  |  | 3390-2600 | 537485 | 35 |  |  | 0.2 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.92 |  | could be a continuation of Wopmay; accretionary events in Neoproterozoic |  |  |  |  | [NAME] 29: 169-174; Poller et al 2005 Precamb Res 136: 353-368
Sutam (Central Aldan) | 2200 | 1900 | 1850 |  |  | 3100-2500 | 112000 | 40 |  |  | 0.7 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.78 |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] et al 2009 Doklady Earth Sciences 2009, 425: 235-238
Akitkan | 2060 | 1900 | 1870 |  |  | 3100-2500 | 224000 | 40 |  |  | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.97 |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] 2009 Precambrian Res 170: 61-72; [NAME] al 2006 Stratigraphy & Geol Correlation 14: 463-474
[NAME] | 1950 | 1890 | 1830 |  |  | 3000-2500 | 507500 | 40 |  |  | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  | rifting began 1800-1760 |  |  |  |  | [NAME] 2009 [NAME] 174: 347-363
Trans-North China | 2200 | 1890 | 1850 |  |  | 2700-2500 | 308000 | 40 |  |  | 0.35 | 0.1 | 0.45 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] 2011 Precambrian Res doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2011.09.008; [NAME] al 2007 Geological Mag 144: 753-775
Ubendian | 2000 | 1880 | 1850 |  |  | 2700-2500 | 100000 | 40 |  |  | 0.1 | 0 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] et al 2006 Precambrian Res 148: 225-256; [NAME] et al 2004 Earth Planet. Sci. Lettr. 224: 175-192; Lenoir et al 1994 Jour. African Earth Sciences 19: 169-184
Lesser [NAME] | 1950 | 1880 | 1780 |  |  |  | 303400 | 40 |  |  | 0.8 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] et al 2010 Geol Society America Bull 122: 323-335
Mt Isa | 1900 | 1875 | 1845 |  |  | 2530-2400 | 110000 | 40 |  |  | 0.8 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.95 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Cawood/Korsch 2008 [NAME] 166: 1-38; Betts/Giles 2006 [NAME] 144: 92-125
New Quebec | 2170 | 1870 | 1815 |  |  | 3000-2500 | 160000 | 35 |  |  | 0.2 | 0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.75 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Machado et al 1997 Canadian Jour Earth Sciences 34: 716-723; [NAME] et al 1993 Canad [NAME] 30: 1505-1520
Nagssugtoqidian | 1920 | 1870 | 1840 |  |  | 3035-2740 | 25000 | 40 |  |  | 0.3 | 0 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.95 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Connelly/Mengel 2000 Geol Soc America Bull 112: 747-763; [NAME] et al 2002 Canadian Jour Earth Sciences 39: 665-686
[NAME] | 1900 | 1870 | 1850 |  |  | 2830-2700 | 250000 | 40 |  |  | 0.45 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Jackson/Berman 2000 Canadian Mineralogist 38: 399-421; Corrigan et al 2001 Geol Survey Canada Current Research 2001-C23
[NAME] | 2200 | 1870 | 1850 |  |  | 3300-2500 | 96000 | 40 |  |  | 0.6 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.65 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Kaur et al 2011 Precambrian Res 187: 155-164; [NAME] et al 2009 [NAME] 16: 56-71; [NAME] 2010 Lithos 120: 511-528
Torngat | 1940 | 1869 | 1844 |  |  | 3000-2500 | 75000 | 35 |  |  | 0.8 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.95 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Funck et al 2000 Jour [NAME] 105: 23403-420; Connelly 2001 Jour of Geology 109: 57-77
Cornian | 2000 | 1865 | 1845 |  |  |  | 78000 | 40 |  |  | 0.6 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.93 |  | Laurentia collision 1540; extension 1490-1370 |  |  |  |  | Cawood/Korsch 2008 [NAME] 166: 1-38; Betts/Giles 2006 [NAME] 144: 92-125; Black et al 2005 Austral Jour Earth Sciences 52: 385-401
TransHudson | 1980 | 1850 | 1800 |  |  | 2525-2425 | 983400 | 40 |  |  | 0.4 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.15 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.98 |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] 2007 Precamb Res 153: 65-95; [NAME] et al 2005 Canad Jour Earth Sci 42: 635-657; Hollings/Ansdell 2002 GSA Bulletin 114: 153-168; Corrigan et al 2005 Canad Jour Earth Sci 42: 421-434; Machado et l 1990 Canad Jour Earth Sci 27: 794-802
Halls Creek | 1900 | 1850 | 1820 |  |  |  | 105000 | 40 |  |  | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Betts et al 2008 Precambrian Res 166: 81-92
[NAME] | 1870 | 1850 | 1830 |  |  |  | 55000 | 40 |  |  | 0.9 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Cawood/Korsch 2008 [NAME] 166: 1-38; Betts/Giles 2006 [NAME] 144: 92-125; Bagas et al 2008 Precambrian Res 166: 168-184
Yapungku | 1860 | 1830 | 1760 |  |  | 3500-2500 | 500000 | 40 |  |  | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.96 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Cawood/Korsch 2008 [NAME] 166: 1-38; Betts/Giles 2006 [NAME] 144: 92-125
Tennant | 1862 | 1825 | 1800 |  |  |  | 72000 | 40 |  |  | 0.8 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.89 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Cawood/Korsch 2008 [NAME] 166: 1-38; Betts/Giles 2006 [NAME] 144: 92-125
[NAME] Russian | 1900 | 1800 | 1780 |  |  | 3700-2700 | 165000 | 40 |  |  | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.85
[NAME] | 1850 | 1740 | 1700 |  |  | 3500-2500 | 345000 | 40 |  |  | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.85 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Cawood/Korsch 2008 [NAME] 166: 1-38; Betts/Giles 2006 [NAME] 144: 92-125; Hoek/Schaefer 1998 Austral Jour Earth Sciences 45: 305-313
Nimrod-Ross | 1840 | 1730 | 1700 |  |  | 3100-2900 | 500000 | 40 |  |  | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.85 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Fitzsimons 2000 Geology 28: 879-882; Goodge/Fanning 1999 Geology 27: 1007-1010; Goodge et al 2001 [NAME] 112: 261-288
Olarian | 1700 | 1580 | 1540 |  |  |  | 500000 | 40 |  |  | 0.5 | 0.05 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  | Laurentia collision 1540; extension 1490-1370 |  |  |  |  | Cawood/Korsch 2008 [NAME] 166: 1-38; Betts/Giles 2006 [NAME] 144: 92-125; Black et al 2005 Austral Jour Earth Sciences 52: 385-401
Kararan | 1690 | 1570 | 1540 |  |  |  | 250500 | 40 |  |  | 0.8 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.8 |  | area assumes Austral + Antarctica; Laurentia collision 1540; extension 1490-1370 |  |  |  |  | Cawood/Korsch 2008 [NAME] 166: 1-38; Betts/Giles 2006 [NAME] 144: 92-125
Albany-Fraser | 1400 | 1330 | 1260 |  |  | 3000-2500 | 458700 | 40 |  |  | 0.4 | 0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  | includes projection into Antarctica |  |  |  |  | Cawood/Korsch 2008 [NAME] 166: 1-38; Betts/Giles 2006 [NAME] 144: 92-125; Fitzsimons 2000 Geology 28: 879-882
Musgrave (Mt West) | 1380 | 1345 | 1293 |  |  |  | 288300 | 40 |  |  | 0.4 | 0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Cawood/Korsch 2008 [NAME] 166: 1-38; Betts/Giles 2006 [NAME] 144: 92-125
Penokean-Yavapai-Mazatzal | 1900 | 1200 | 1150 |  |  | Mojave (?) | 2862400 | 40 |  |  | 0.71 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.08 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.15 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ibanez-Mejia et al 2011 Precamb Res 191: 58-77; [NAME] et al 2001 Precamb Res 111: 5-30
Baltica (Svecofennian, Gothian) | 1900 | 1140 | 970 |  |  | 3000-2700 | 2053669 | 40 |  |  | 0.8 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.05 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.2 |  | Most action between 2000 and 1555 |  |  |  |  | Bingen et al 2005 Norwegian Jour Geology 85: 87-116; Lahtinen et al 2008 Episodes March 2008: 20-28; Mints 2011 Geotectonics 45: 267-290; Bingen et al 2008 Norwegian Jour Geology 88: 43-72
Xiong'er | 1800 | 1125 | 1050 |  |  |  | 79250 | 40 |  |  | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.2 |  | most of the action between 1800 and 1400 |  |  |  |  | He et al 2008 Lithos 102: 158-178; [NAME] et [NAME]. 2012 Lithos 134-135: 236-252
[NAME] | 1750 | 1100 | 980 |  |  | 3200-2700 | 2037600 | 40 |  |  | 0.8 | 0 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Hynes/Rivers 2010 Canadian Jour Earth Sciences 47: 591-620; Fisher et al 2010 Geol Soc America Bull 122: 1646-1659
Amazonia (Rio Negro-Juruena, [NAME]) | 2030 | 1100 | 1000 |  |  | 2600-2500 | 2263770 | 40 |  |  | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.15 |  | major cont arc collision 1340-1320; |  |  |  |  | Bettencourt et al 2010 Jour South American Earth Sci 29: 28-46; Teixeira et al 2010 Jour South American Earth Sci 29: 47-60; [NAME] 2005 Jour South American Earth Sci 18: 277-292
Irumides | 1100 | 1050 | 1000 |  |  | 2700-2500 | 111100 | 40 |  |  | 0.75 | 0.05 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.95 |  | EHf is most between 0 and+5 (at 1665-1630); three samples plot just below DM; a second population at 1600 Ma is between -2 and -8 ([NAME] et al 09) |  |  |  |  | [NAME] et al 2009 Amer Jour Science 309: 132-187; [NAME] et al 2006 Precambrian Res 148: 225-256
Arctic | 1250 | 960 | 930 |  |  | 3000-2700 | 484750 | 40 |  |  | 0.4 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.65 |  | onset of collision is uncertain because of Caledonian overprinting |  |  |  |  | Strachan et al 1995 Jour Geol Society London 152: 779-784; Krane 2002 Precamb Res 113: 19-42;  [NAME] Geological Magazine 149: 875-891
Namaqua-Natal | 1300 | 1050 | 1000 |  |  |  | 687490 | 40 |  |  | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | 0.05 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.8 |  | most juvenile components in Natal domain |  |  |  |  | Eglington 2006 Jour African Earth Sciences 46: 93-111
Kibaran | 1420 | 1000 | 950 |  |  |  | 290400 | 40 |  |  | 0.75 | 0 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] et al 2005 Geol Magazine 142: 109-130; [NAME] et al 2006 Jour African Earth Sci 46: 1-35; Buchwaldt et al 2008 Jour African Earth Sci 51: 4-20
Eastern Ghats | 1100 | 1085 | 950 | 300 |  |  | 142300 | 35 |  |  | 0.6 | 0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.6 |  | the whole area overprinted with Neoproteroz event |  |  |  |  | Mezger/Cosca 1999 [NAME] 94: 251-271; Collins/Pisarevsky 2005 Earth-Science Revs 71: 229-270;  Fitzsimons 2000 Geology 28: 879-882; [NAME] 2012 Precamb Res doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2012.04.005