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Sheet: Sheet1

Appendix 1: Taxonomic classification of species known from the South African marine environment. The total number of species described as well as the number of endemic and introduced species are given. The number of undescribed species was calculated per phylum using the method described by [44]. This table builds on that published by [41]. Sources of additions are indicated as follows: º [44], ¹ pers comm Dr [NAME], ² AfrOBIS, ³ [58], * [36], " [43], ˆ pers comm Dr Cecile Reed, ˝ [42], ª [59], # pers comm [NAME] | Unnamed: 1 | Unnamed: 2 | Unnamed: 3 | Unnamed: 4 | Unnamed: 5 | Unnamed: 6 | Unnamed: 7 | Unnamed: 8 | Unnamed: 9 | Unnamed: 10
Kingdom | Phylum or Class | Class or [NAME] | Order or Family | Described species | State of Knowledge | No. endemic species | No. undescribed species | No. introduced spp | No. taxonomic experts (name) | No. identification guides
Fauna & flora |  |  |  | 12915 |  | 4233 | 7590 |  |  | General guides: 9
[NAME]
 | Chordata |  |  | 2499 |  | 281 | 1000 | 10
 | Vertebrata
 |  | Mammalia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2
 |  |  | Cetacea | 37 | 5 | 0 |  |  | 1 ( Dr Best)
 |  |  | Carnivora | 7 | 5 | 0
 |  |  | Sirenia | 0
 |  | Aves |  | 222 | 5 | 0 |  |  |  | 4
 |  | Reptilia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1
 |  |  | Testudines | 5 | 5 | 0
 |  |  | Crocodylia | 0 | 5 | 0
 |  |  | Sauria | 0 | 5 | 0
 |  |  | Serpentes | 1 | 5 | 0
 |  | Pisces |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5
 |  |  | Osteichthyes | 1821 | 5 | 264 |  | 1 | 4 (Dr Heemstra, Dr [NAME], Mr O Gon, Dr B Hulley)
 |  |  | Chondrichthyes | 179 | 5 | 16 |  |  | 1 (Dr [NAME]) | 1
 | Tunicata (Urochordata)
 |  | Ascidiacea |  | 145º | 3 | 45 |  | 9 | 1 ( Dr Rius) | 3
 |  | Thaliacea & Larvacea (Appendicularia) |  | 80 | 2 | 0
 |  | Cephalochordata |  | 1 | 2 | 1
 | Cephalorhyncha
 |  | [NAME] |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 |  | Priapulida |  | 1 | 2 | 0
 | Mesozoa | [NAME], Rhomobozoa, Monoblastozoa |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 |  | Orthonectida |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 | Echinodermata |  |  | 410 |  | 15 | Not Available | 2 |  | 1
 |  | Crinoidea |  | 19 | 3 | 9
 |  | Asteroidea |  | 91 | 4 | 55 |  |  |  | 1
 |  | Ophiuroidea |  | 119 | 3 | 52 |  | 1 | 1 (Ms J Brash) | 1
 |  | Echinoidea |  | 59 | 4 | 25 |  | 1
 |  | Holothuroidea |  | 122 | 4 | 46 |  |  | 1 (Prof A Thandar) | 2
 | Hemichordata |  |  | 11 | 2 | 2 | 30
 | Xenoterubellida |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0 | Not Available
 | Platyhelminthes |  |  | 354 |  | 17 | 959
 |  | Cestoda |  | 55¹ | 2 | Not Avaliable
 |  | [NAME] |  | 28 | 2 | 17
 |  | Digenea |  | 210¹ | 2 | Not Avaliable
 |  | Monogenea |  | 55¹ | 2 | Not Avaliable |  |  | 1 (Dr [NAME])
 |  | [NAME] |  | 6¹ | 2 | Not Avaliable
 | Acanthocephala |  |  | 17² | 2 | Not Avaliable | 46
 | Rotifera (Rotatoria) |  |  | 1³ | 2 | Not Avaliable | 3
 | Nematomorpha |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0 | Not Available
 | Nematoda |  |  | 338 | 2 | 30 | 916 |  | 1 (Mr M Hendricks)
 | [NAME] |  |  | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3
 | Tardigrada |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0 | 59
 | [NAME] |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0 | Not Available
 | Arthropoda |  |  | 2451 |  | 774 | 980 | 22
 | Hexapoda | Insecta, Entognatha |  | 5* | 2 | 0 |  | 1
 | Myriapoda (including Diplopoda, [NAME]) |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 | Chelicerata | [NAME] |  | 14 | 3 | 0
 |  | Acarina | Halacaridae | 0 | 1 | 0
 |  |  | Parasitic species? | 0 | 1 | 0
 | [NAME] |  |  | 101 | 3 | 57 |  | 1 |  | 1
 | Crustacea |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 (Dr N Smit: Fish parasites) | 1
 | Maxillopoda | [NAME] |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 |  | Thecostraca (including Cirripedia) |  | 86 | 3 | 23 |  | 2 | 1 ( Mr A Biccard)
 |  | Copepoda |  | 429 | 3 | 41 |  | 1
 |  | [NAME] |  | 3 | 2 | 0
 |  | [NAME] |  | 45 | 2 | 8
 |  | Tantulocarida |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 |  | Pentastomida |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 | Malacostraca | Stomatopoda |  | 35 | 2 | 3 |  |  |  | 1
 |  | [NAME] |  | 454 | 4 | 149 |  | 9 | 1 (Prof C Griffiths) | 1
 |  | Cumacea |  | 98 | 3 | 70
 |  | [NAME] |  | 300 | 4 | 255 |  | 6 |  | 1
 |  | Mictacea |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 |  | Mysida |  | 58 | 2 | 4 |  |  | 1 (Prof T Wooldridge)
 |  | Lophogastrida |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 |  | Tanaidacea |  | 19 | 2 | 14
 |  | Thermosbaenacea |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 |  | Euphausiacea |  | 49 | 3 | 0 |  |  |  | 1
 |  | Amphionidacea |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 |  | Decapoda |  | 750 | 4 | 150 |  | 5 |  | 1
 | Branchiopoda (Cladocera) |  |  | 5 | 2 | 0
 | [NAME] |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 | [NAME]
 |  | Leptostraca |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 |  | Merostomata (Limulidae) |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 | [NAME] |  |  | 28 | 2 | 0 | 76
 | Nemertea |  |  | 17 | 2 | 5 | 46
 | [NAME] |  |  | 787 |  | 163 | 315 | 7
 |  | [NAME] |  | 21 | 2 | 1 |  |  |  | 1
 |  | Hirudinea |  | 3 | 2 | 1
 |  | Oligochaeta |  | 3 | 2 | 0
 |  | Polychaeta |  | 760 | 4 | 161 |  | 7 | 1 (Mr D Clarke) | 1
 | [NAME] |  |  | 47 | 2 | 0 | 127 |  | 1 (Dr  R Biseswar) | 1
 | Phoronida |  |  | 2 | 2 | 0 | 7
 | Brachiopoda |  |  | 31 | 2 | 15 | 84 | 1 |  | 2
 | Mollusca |  |  | 3154 |  | 1764 | Not Available | 11 |  | 2
 |  | Aplacophora (Caudofoveata) |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 |  | Aplacophora ([NAME]) |  | 2ˉ | 2 | Not Avaliable
 |  | Polyplacophora |  | 29 | 3 | 26
 |  | [NAME] |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 |  | Gastropoda |  |  |  |  |  | 6 | 1 ([NAME]) | 3
 |  |  | Benthic | 2183 | 4 | 1258
 |  |  | Pelagic | 79 | 3 | 0
 |  | Cephalopoda |  | 195 | 4 | 30 |  |  |  | 2
 |  | Bivalvia |  | 650 | 4 | 270 |  | 5
 |  | Scaphopoda |  | 16 | 2 | 8
 | Gnathostomulida |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0 | 20
 | [NAME] |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0 | Not Available
 | Cycliophora |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1
 | Entoprocta |  |  | 6 | 2 | 0 | 16
 | Bryozoa (Ectoprocta)
 |  | Gymnolaemata | Alcyonidium | 270" | 4 | 172 | 732 | 6 | 1 (Dr [NAME]) | 1
 | Placozoa |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2
 | Ctenophora |  |  | 11 | 2 | 0 | 30
 | Cnidaria (Coelenterates) |  |  | 853 |  | 244 | 339 | 13 |  | 9
 |  | Hexacorallia, Anthozoa |  |  |  |  |  | 2 | 1 (Ms M Laird)
 |  |  | [NAME] | 43 | 3 | 19
 |  |  | Antipatharia | 4ˉ | 2 | 0
 |  |  | [NAME] | 1ˉ | 2 | 0
 |  |  | Coralliomorpha | 4 | 2 | 0
 |  |  | Zooanthidea | 27 | 3 | 19
 |  |  | Scleractinia | 95 | 3 | 3
 |  | Octocorallia |  | 204 | 3 | 110
 |  | Cubozoa |  | 2 | 2 | 0
 |  | Hydrozoa |  | 382 | 1 | 86 |  | 11 | 2 (Prof M Gibbons, Dr E Buecher)
 |  | Siphonophora |  | 75 | 2 | 0
 |  | Scyphozoa |  | 10 | 3 | 1
 | Myxozoa |  |  | 6ˆ | 2 | 6 |  |  | 1 (Dr C Reed)
 | Porifera |  |  | 346 | 3 | 32 | 938 | 1 | 1 (Dr T Samaai) | 1
 |  | Hexactinellida |  | 65˝ |  | 22
 |  | Calcarea |  | 36 |  | 5
 |  | Demospongiae |  | 245 |  | 5
[NAME] |  |  |  | 1³ | 2 | Not Avaliable | 3 | Not Avaliable
Protocista (Protozoa) |  |  |  | 235 |  | Not Avaliable | 637 | 4
 | Foraminifera | [NAME] | 80% are fossils | 15ˉ | 2 | Not Avaliable |  |  | 1 (Ms R Toefy)
 | Dinozoa (including [NAME]) |  |  | 107³ | 3 | Not Avaliable |  | 3 | 3 (Dr G Pitcher, [NAME], L. Botes)
 | Sporozoa |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 | Ciliophora |  | free living | 113³ | 3 | Not Avaliable |  | 1
 | Heliozoa |  | free living | 0 | 1 | 0
 | Acantharea, Radiozoa (Radiolaria) | Polycystina, Phaeodarea | free living | 0 | 1 | 0
 | Xenophyophora |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 | Zoomastigota |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0
Chromista |  |  |  | 336 |  | Not Avaliable | 594 | Not Avaliable
 | Cryptophyta | Cryptomonads | free living | 6# | 2 | 0 |  |  | 2 (Prof S Sym, Prof R Pienaar)
 | [NAME] (Bicosoecida Grasse, 1926) |  | free living | 2# | 2 | 0 |  |  | 2 (Prof S Sym, Prof R Pienaar)
 | [NAME] | Labyrinthulidae |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 | Phaeista
 |  | Chrysophyta (Chrysophyceae) |  | 10# | 2 | Not Avaliable |  |  | 2 (Prof S Sym, Prof R Pienaar)
 |  | Xanthophyta |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 |  | Phaeophyta |  | 111³ | 5 | Not Avaliable |  |  | 2 (Prof J Bolton, [NAME] R [NAME]) | 2
 | Diatomeae |  | free living (+15,000 fossil) | Not Avaliable |  | Not Avaliable
 | Baccillariophyta |  |  | 169³# | 2 | Not Avaliable |  |  | 3 (Mr [NAME], Prof S Sym, Prof R Pienaar)
 | Bigyromonada |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 | [NAME] |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 |  | Oomycota ([NAME]) |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 | Opalinata |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 | Haptophyta |  | free living (+1,000 fossil) | 38# | 2 | 0 |  |  | 2 (Prof S Sym, Prof R Pienaar)
Plantae |  |  |  | 709 |  | Not Avaliable | 264 | 6
 | Angiospermae |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |  | 4
 |  | Mangroves |  | 7' | 5 | 0
 | Glaucophyta |  |  | 0 | 1 | 0
 | [NAME] |  |  | 505³ |  | Not Avaliable |  | 3 | 4 (Prof J Bolton, [NAME] R [NAME], Dr E Tronchin, [NAME]) | 2
 | [NAME] |  |  | 197³# | 3 | Not Avaliable |  | 1 | 4 (Prof J Bolton, [NAME] R Anderson, Prof S Sym, Prof R Pienaar) | 2
 |  | Chlorarachniophytes |  | Not Avaliable |  | Not Avaliable
 | Bryophyta |  |  | Not Avaliable |  | Not Avaliable
Procaryotes |  |  | most marine | Not Avaliable |  | Not Avaliable | Not Available | Not Available
Bacteria (Monera) |  |  |  | Not Avaliable |  | Not Avaliable | Not Available | Not Available