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Table S5. Meta-analysis of type 2 diabetes association at the CDKAL1 locus | Unnamed: 1 | Unnamed: 2 | Unnamed: 3 | Unnamed: 4 | Unnamed: 5 | Unnamed: 6 | Unnamed: 7 | Unnamed: 8 | Unnamed: 9 | Unnamed: 10 | Unnamed: 11 | Unnamed: 12 | Unnamed: 13 | Unnamed: 14 | Unnamed: 15 | Unnamed: 16 | Unnamed: 17 | Unnamed: 18 | Unnamed: 19 | Unnamed: 20 | Unnamed: 21
 |  | Sample size |  |  | Phenotypes in controls |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Type 2 diabetes association at CDKAL1
Ethnicity | Reference | Cases | Controls |  | BMI, mean | ( | SD | ) | Age, mean | ( | SD | ) |  | SNP | OR | (95% CI) |  |  |  |  | P
Japanese | Takeuchi et al. Diabetes. 2009;58:1690-9. | 6369 | 6406 |  | 22.7 | ( | 2.9 | ) | 65 | ( | 7.1 | ) |  | rs4712523 | 1.27 | ( | 1.21 | , | 1.33 | ) | 7.243e-20
Japanese | [NAME]. [NAME]. 2007;50:2461-6. | 864 | 864 |  | 23.8 | ( | 3.7 | ) | 69.5 | ( | 6.8 | ) |  | rs4712523 | 1.15510069084002 | ( | 1.00713635792517 | , | 1.32494604604115 | ) | 0.0348208509493623
Japanese | [NAME]. J [NAME]. 2008;93:3136-41. | 1921 | 1622 |  | 22.5 | ( | 3.1 | ) | 70 | ( | 7.5 | ) |  | rs4712523 | 1.28258473563509 | ( | 1.16438953256437 | , | 1.41290062970029 | ) | 4.52988404879992e-07
Japanese | [NAME]. Diabetes. 2009;58:493-8. | 506 | 402 |  | 23 | ( | 3 | ) | 59 | ( | 9 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.321 | ( | 1.093 | , | 1.596 | ) | 0.002
Korean (SNUH) | Ng et al. Diabetes. 2008;57:2226-33. | 761 | 632 |  | 23.6 | ( | 3.1 | ) | 64.7 | ( | 3.6 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.24 | ( | 1.07 | , | 1.44 | ) | 0.005
Korean (KHGS) | Ng et al. Diabetes. 2008;57:2226-33. | 799 | 1516 |  | 24.2 | ( | 3.2 | ) | 55.8 | ( | 8.7 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.27 | ( | 1.13 | , | 1.44 | ) | 0.0001
Korean | [NAME]. J Hum Genet. 2008;53:991-8. | 908 | 502 |  | 22.1 | ( | 3 | ) | 55 | ( | 9.4 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.65 | ( | 1.41 | , | 1.93 | ) | 5e-11
Chinese Han | [NAME] et al. Diabetes. 2008;57:2834-42. | 424 | 1908 |  | 24.2 | ( | 3.409985 | ) | 58.6 | ( | 6 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.49 | ( | 1.27 | , | 1.75 | ) | 8.91e-07
Chinese Han | [NAME]. Diabetologia 2008;51:2134–7. | 1912 | 2041 |  | 24.5 | ( | 3.2 | ) | 58.1 | ( | 9 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.26 | ( | 1.15 | , | 1.38 | ) | 7.4e-07
Chinese Han | Han et al. BMC Med Genet. 2010;11:81. | 1024 | 1005 |  | 25 | ( | 3.3 | ) | 58 | ( | 9 | ) |  | rs10946398 | 1.27 | ( | 1.11 | , | 1.45 | ) | 0.0006
Chinese Han | [NAME]. [NAME] One. 2010;5(2):e9153. | 1165 | 1136 |  | 24.1 | ( | 3 | ) | 59.1 | ( | 7.9 | ) |  | rs10946398 | 1.23 | ( | 1.09 | , | 1.39 | ) | 0.00071
Chinese | [NAME] [NAME] One. 2009;4(10):e7643. | 1849 | 1785 |  | 23.57 | ( | 3.25 | ) | 57.39 | ( | 12.37 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.127 | ( | 1.027 | , | 1.238 | ) | 0.0025
Hong Kong | Ng et al. Diabetes. 2008;57:2226-33. | 1481 | 1530 |  | 21 | ( | 3.7 | ) | 25.3 | ( | 14.4 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.29 | ( | 1.17 | , | 1.43 | ) | 1e-06
East Asians combined (heterogeneity I2=48.5%, P=0.025) |  |  |  |  | 23.29635 | ( | 3.33541 | ) | 59.19601 | ( | 13.5894 | ) |  |  | 1.267649 | ( | 1.232791 | , | 1.303493 | ) | 1.068985e-62
European (DGI) | Saxena et al. Science. 2007;316:1331-6. | 6529 | 7252 |  | 27.6 | ( | 3.7 | ) | 58 | ( | 10 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.08 | ( | 1.03 | , | 1.14 | ) | 0.0024
European (FUSION) | [NAME]. Science. 2007;316:1341-5. | 2376 | 2432 |  | 26.8 | ( | 7.4 | ) | 64 | ( | 17.3 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.12 | ( | 1.03 | , | 1.22 | ) | 0.0095
British | [NAME]. Science. 2007;316:1336-41. | 5681 | 8284 |  | 25.95287 | ( | 4.646553 | ) | 49.91637 | ( | 16.41313 | ) |  | rs10946398 | 1.16 | ( | 1.1 | , | 1.22 | ) | 1.3e-08
French | Cauchi et al. [NAME] One. 2008;3:e2031. | 3295 | 3595 |  | 24.87 | ( | 3.31 | ) | 56 | ( | 10 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.23 | ( | 1.13 | , | 1.33 | ) | 1.6e-06
French | Cauchi et al. [NAME] One. 2008;3:e2031. | 937 | 1000 |  | 24.07 | ( | 3.47 | ) | 50 | ( | 6 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.1 | ( | 0.85 | , | 1.4 | ) | 0.47
Austrian | Cauchi et al. [NAME] One. 2008;3:e2031. | 504 | 753 |  | 26.77 | ( | 4 | ) | 52 | ( | 6 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1 | ( | 0.81 | , | 1.24 | ) | 0.97
German | [NAME]. [NAME]. 2008;40:722-6. | 433 | 1438 |  | 27.7 | ( | 4.3 | ) | 61.9 | ( | 10.2 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.3 | ( | 1.11 | , | 1.53 | ) | 0.00073
Europeans combined (heterogeneity I2=51.5%, P=0.054) |  |  |  |  | 26.43392 | ( | 4.608973 | ) | 55.3092 | ( | 13.97222 | ) |  |  | 1.136064 | ( | 1.102748 | , | 1.170387 | ) | 2.222706e-17
Indian | Chauhan et al. Diabetes. 2010 Apr 27. [Epub ahead of print] | 2462 | 2501 |  | 21.77885 | ( | 2.278409 | ) | 39.38611 | ( | 14.43816 | ) |  | rs10946398 | 1.18 | ( | 1.07 | , | 1.32 | ) | 0.0016
Pima Indian | [NAME]. Diabetes. 2009;58:478-88. | 1561 | 1940 |  | 35.7 | ( | 8.2 | ) | 31.1 | ( | 14.5 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.06 | ( | 0.93 | , | 1.22 | ) | 0.38
[NAME] | Cauchi et al. [NAME] One. 2008;3(5):e2031. | 577 | 552 |  | 26 | ( | 3.99 | ) | 56 | ( | 26 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.3 | ( | 1.08 | , | 1.56 | ) | 0.005
Morrocan | Cauchi et al. [NAME] One. 2008;3(5):e2031. | 521 | 423 |  | 27.23 | ( | 5.3 | ) | 55 | ( | 12 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.2 | ( | 0.99 | , | 1.46 | ) | 0.06
Mexican | [NAME]. Diabetes [NAME] Rev. 2010;26:261-70. | 519 | 547 |  | 27.5 | ( | 3.55 | ) | 43.6 | ( | 6.63 | ) |  | rs7754840 | 1.18 | ( | 0.8968898 | , | 1.552476 | ) | 0.237
All combined (heterogeneity I2=64.5%, P<1E-04) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.201196 | ( | 1.177997 | , | 1.224851 | ) | 4.217483e-76
Association results were extracted from publications involving any of 3 SNPs at the CDKAL1 locus, rs10946398, rs7754840 and rs4712523, which were in strong LD (r2=1 in CEU, r2=0.98 in CHB+JPT) to each other.
There was significant cross-population heterogeneity in effect sizes (I2 = 96.4%, P<1.4×10-7) between East Asians and Europeans.