Spreadsheet: 1c7efe1d-a683-445d-aee0-1d349ee7a76d
Sheet: Stones

BUILDING_STONE_ID | STONE_NAME | PARENT BUILDING STONE  ID | ALTERNATIVE_NAMES | [NAME] | COLOUR | COLOUR_VARIATION | WEATHERED COLOUR | LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY | CHRONOSTRAT | STONE_LITHOLOGY | GRAIN_SIZE | [NAME] | KEY_IDENTIFICATION_FEATURES | FAILURE_WEATHERING | CONTEXT_OF_USE | LOCALITY_OF_USE | DATE_COMPILED | COMPILED_BY | MINERAL PLANNING AREA | English Heritage Atlas Area | SOURCE_OF_INFO | retrieval_date
601 | Great Oolite | 1 |  |  |  | Uniform | Cream, pale grey, pale brownish yellow, pale orange yellow | GREAT OOLITE GROUP | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, OOIDAL | Medium grained | Cross bedding occurs in some units, other beds regularly bedded to massive. Burrows and irregular brownish, iron-stained discontinuity surfaces common at some horizons. | Regularly bedded to massive, cream to pale coloured oolitic limestones, sometimes slabby with undulating surfaces. Sandy in places, occasionally ferruginous. Includes famous oolitic freestones of the Bath area. | Susceptible to darker/blackish staining in (urban) areas with high air pollution levels and similarly stained where subject to water run-off. | Include one of the most important building stone lithologies within BaNES and South Gloucestershire UAs, including world famous and renowned oolitic freestones such as Bath Stone and [NAME], which have been used for many prestigious buildings nationally (eg. London) and also exported. | Belt of irregular exposure, much affected by topography and foundered/landslip areas, but several km wide, extending semi-continuously along eastern side of UA from near Peasdown St John via Bath; broader outcrop in north-eastern part of UA extending at least from near North Stoke eastwards to [NAME]. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Arkell, 1933; Green & Donovan, 1969; [NAME], 1977; [NAME] et al, 1980; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
602 | Cornbrash | 601 |  | Typically occurs as shelly, rough, rubbly beds. Some weathered beds have a pitted appearance. |  | Uniform | Pale pinkish to pale grey, [NAME] to brownish ochre. | CORNBRASH FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, BIOCLASTIC | Fine grained | Usually weakly and irregularly bedded. Locally, the thicker limestone units exhibit cross-bedding, the sandy units sometimes wavy-bedded. | Pale cream, sparsely ooidal and peliodal biomicrites, locally shelly, flaggy or nodular in appearance with irregular and wispy seams of calcareous marl. Upper parts sandy biosparite and fine-grained, calcareous sandstone (with angular quartz grains). Fossils, especially bivalves and brachiopods (rhynchonellids and terebratulids) common. |  | Local rough work along the outcrop, but usually incapable of being dressed. Lower Cornbrash used mainly for lime burning. | Small, isolated outcrops in east edge of UA near Lampley Stoke and [NAME]. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
603 | Forest Marble | 601 |  |  | GREY | Uniform | [NAME], greenish grey, orange | FOREST MARBLE FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, BIOCLASTIC | Fine grained | Tabular or trough-cross stratification common in thick units, sometimes with elongate erosional scours; ripple-cross lamination and trace fossil trails occur in calcareous sandstones. Limestones are packed with fossil bivalves which lie parallel with the bedding, and are clearly winnowed. | Variable lithology with predominance of limestone, main lithology is a greenish-grey sandy, locally calcareous, mudstone. Sandy mudstone is characteristic of the lower part of the Formation; orange, calcareous sandstone is common throughout the sequence as thin wisps, lenses, laminae and beds. Laterally impersistent limestones also occur throughout the sequence, but especially in the upper part, and vary from cross-bedded, sparsely oolitic and oyster-rich to massively-bedded, very shelly, blue-hearted sparites. A distinctive yellowish-grey shelly micrite (the 'Boueti Bed') lies at the base of the Formation. |  | Used locally for houses and walls along the outcrop. Extensive use for rubble walling, some ashlar, stone tiles for roofing; larger flagstones utilised for bridging ditches. | Surface outcrop in south eastern part of UA, mainly between Lampley Stoke and [NAME]. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
604 | Bath Stone | 601 | [NAME] | 25 - 35 m thick in the type Bath area. |  | Uniform | Cream, pale grey, pale brownish yellow, pale orange yellow | CHALFIELD OOLITE FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, OOIDAL | Medium grained | Cross bedded in parts, sometimes bioturbated. | Ooidal grainstone, predominantly pale grey and pale yellow to white; fine- to coarse-grained, with variable bioclastic content, in medium to thick beds. Where fully developed in the Bath area, three distinct Members ([NAME], [NAME], [NAME]) can be recognised. | Susceptible to darker/blackish staining in (urban) areas with high air pollution levels and similarly stained where subject to water run-off. | Include one of the most important building stone lithologies within BaNES, including world famous and renowned oolitic freestones such as Bath Stone and [NAME], which have been used for many prestigious buildings nationally (eg. London) and also exported. Used extensively in Bath and environs, used by the Romans for the construction of the hot baths, and has been used through mediaeval times to the present day. | Component part of Great Oolite within this UA, occurs as belt of irregular exposure, much affected by topography and foundered/landslip areas, but several km wide, extending semi-continuously along eastern side of UA from near Peasdown St John via Bath; broader outcrop in north-eastern part of UA extending at least from near North Stoke eastwards to [NAME]. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green & Donovan, 1969; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
605 | [NAME] | 604 | Bath Stone | 5 - 8.5 m thick. Contains one of the two main oolitic freestone horizons. |  | Uniform | Cream, pale grey, pale brownish yellow, pale orange yellow | CHALFIELD OOLITE FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, OOIDAL | Medium grained | Cross-bedded. | Cream coloured, medium- to coarse-grained, cross-bedded, ooid-limestones (mainly oosparites, sometimes oomicrites or biosparrudites) passing upwards into lenticular beds of coralliferous limestone ('Coral Rag'). Upper surface planed and bored. [NAME] tends to be a very pure oolite, lacking the amounts of scattered fine-grained shell debris and calcite stringers present within the Combe Down Oolite. | Susceptible to darker/blackish staining in (urban) areas with high air pollution levels and similarly stained where subject to water run-off. Softer than the lower ([NAME]) freestone, and when newly dug is readily cut by saw and is ideal for mouldings, but hardens on exposure to air. | The attractive appearance of the City of Bath owes much to the consistent use of Bath Stone through the ages, especially during the 18th century, when many of the magnificent terraces and crescents were built. | Bath area, extensively mined within the Westwood-Hayes Wood-Monk's Park-Limpley Stoke-Monkton Farleigh areas. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green & Donovan, 1969; [NAME] in Savage, 1977; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
606 | Twinhoe Beds | 604 |  | 2.5 to 8 m thick. Lower beds highly fossiliferous, with brachiopods and oysters, these may be solution-dissolved producing a cavernous appearance to the rock. Passes laterally between [NAME] and [NAME] into [NAME]. | BUFF | Uniform | Cream, pale grey, pale brownish yellow, pale orange yellow | CHALFIELD OOLITE FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, OOIDAL | Medium grained | Pisiodal. Occasionally current bedded; lower parts sometimes exhibit cross-bedding or herringbone bedding. | A median unit of buff to cream coloured, compact, fine-grained, bioclastic (shell-detrital) limestones, distinctly pisoidal in places, especially in lower parts of the sequence. Subordinate rubbly marly limestones also present. Some beds ferruginous, becoming strongly ironshot near base. | Susceptible to darker/blackish staining in (urban) areas with high air pollution levels and similarly stained where subject to water run-off. | Used throughout the outcrop area. | Occurs within Great Oolite outcrop around Bath, but mainly developed south of [NAME]. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green & Donovan, 1969; [NAME] in Savage, 1977; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
607 | [NAME] | 604 | [NAME] | 10 to 17.5 m thick. Contains one of the two main oolitic freestone horizons (within the top half of the Member). |  | Uniform | Cream, pale grey, pale brownish yellow, pale orange yellow | CHALFIELD OOLITE FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, OOIDAL | Medium grained | Current bedded. | Cream coloured, fine- to coarse-grained, current bedded, ooid limestones (mainly oosparites and biosparrudites); upper parts oolitic freestones, passing down into shell detrital, marly oolitic limestones. Top surface frequently planed, bored, encrusted with fossil oysters. Distinguished from [NAME] by its scattered fine-grained shell debris and tendency to contain fine calcite stringers ('watermarks'). | Susceptible to darker/blackish staining in (urban) areas with high air pollution levels and similarly stained where subject to water run-off. [NAME] is regarded to be the best weathering variety (more resistant) of the Bath oolites and freestones. | Widely used as an important building stone throughout Bath and beyond. | Bath area, formerly mined on [NAME], Odd Down, [NAME] and further east on Box Hill. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green & Donovan, 1969; [NAME] in Savage, 1977; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
608 | Bathampton Stone | 604 | [NAME] | 10 to 17.5 m thick. Contains one of the two main oolitic freestone horizons (within the top half of the Member). |  | Uniform | Cream, pale grey, pale brownish yellow, pale orange yellow | CHALFIELD OOLITE FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, OOIDAL | Medium grained | Current bedded. | Cream coloured, fine- to coarse-grained, current bedded, ooid limestones (mainly oosparites and biosparrudites); upper parts oolitic freestones, passing down into shell detrital, marly oolitic limestones. Top surface frequently planed, bored, encrusted with fossil oysters. Distinguished from [NAME] by its scattered fine-grained shell debris and tendency to contain fine calcite stringers ('watermarks'). | Susceptible to darker/blackish staining in (urban) areas with high air pollution levels and similarly stained where subject to water run-off. [NAME] is regarded to be the best weathering variety (more resistant) of the Bath oolites and freestones. | Widely used as an important building stone throughout Bath and beyond. | Bath area, formerly mined on [NAME], Odd Down, [NAME] and further east on Box Hill. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green & Donovan, 1969; [NAME] in Savage, 1977; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
609 | Odd Down Stone | 604 | [NAME] | 10 to 17.5 m thick. Contains one of the two main oolitic freestone horizons (within the top half of the Member). |  | Uniform | Cream, pale grey, pale brownish yellow, pale orange yellow | CHALFIELD OOLITE FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, OOIDAL | Medium grained | Current bedded. | Cream coloured, fine- to coarse-grained, current bedded, ooid limestones (mainly oosparites and biosparrudites); upper parts oolitic freestones, passing down into shell detrital, marly oolitic limestones. Top surface frequently planed, bored, encrusted with fossil oysters. Distinguished from [NAME] by its scattered fine-grained shell debris and tendency to contain fine calcite stringers ('watermarks'). | Susceptible to darker/blackish staining in (urban) areas with high air pollution levels and similarly stained where subject to water run-off. [NAME] is regarded to be the best weathering variety (more resistant) of the Bath oolites and freestones. | Widely used as an important building stone throughout Bath and beyond. | Bath area, formerly mined on [NAME], Odd Down, [NAME] and further east on Box Hill. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green & Donovan, 1969; [NAME] in Savage, 1977; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
610 | Inferior Oolite | 1 |  | Stone is characterised by dispersed white crinoid ossicles up to 2mm across.  These coarser grains,  the colour and the smaller size of the building blocks distinguish Inferior Oolite limestone from other oolitic limestones. Often highly fossiliferous, especially brachiopods, mollusc shells and ammonites. | YELLOW | Uniform | [NAME], ochre, pale yellow to cream or whitish, pale grey to pale brownish. | INFERIOR OOLITE GROUP | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, OOIDAL | Medium grained | Usually rubbly, nodular and relatively poorly-bedded, but this varies depending on the facies, some of which include hummocky and cross-stratified units, oolitic shoals, fining-up sequences etc. | The Inferior Oolite varies markedly and irregularly in thickness and lithology across the outcrop area. Generally it comprises [NAME], grey-centered shelly, rubbly to nodular sandy limestones interbedded with [NAME], more massive, sandy, ferruginous oolitic limestones. | Variable, the better cemented, more regular limestones being more resistant than sandy lithologies. | Widely but locally quarried and used along the outcrop, especially for rubblestone walling and some ashlar. | Small isloated outcrops north of Charlcombe, and near Battlefields, then south in a broad, wide discontinuous belt from southwest [NAME] ([NAME] and Englishcombe) and centered on Tunley, and Shoscombe. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
611 | Dundry Stone | 610 | Dundry Freestone | Up to 4 m thick, but thinning rapidly westwards.. | YELLOW | Uniform | [NAME], ochre, pale yellow to cream or whitish, pale grey to pale brownish. | DUNDRY FREESTONE | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, FOSSILIFEROUS | Medium grained | Massive bedding. | Massive bioclastic limestones overlying thinly-bedded, often ironshot limestoneslimestones and thin conglomerate with limonite- and serpulid-coated blue-grey limestone clasts. | Fairly homogeneous and resistant. | Famous as a building stone, but essentially worked out. Used in local Bristol area, notably for [NAME], Bristol and ornate tower of Dundry church. | Eastern edge of Dundry Hill. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Parsons, 1979; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
612 | Marlstone | 1 | Cephalopod Limestone |  | GREY | Uniform | Characteristically ferruginous weathering, rusty brown, pale fawn, [NAME]. | BEACON LIMESTONE FORMATION | JURASSIC | NOT ENTERED | Fine grained | Mostly massive. | Grey to rusty-brown , ferruginous shelly, calcarenite to silty limestone, locally oolitic and iron-shot, occasionally with mudstone clasts and pebbles; may pass into a more massive, grey-brown ferruginous sandy limestone with clay partings. Highly fossiliferous, often crowded with belemnites, brachiopods and bivalves. | Fairly hard, resistant. | Used very locally along outcrop length, for variety of purposes particularly rubblestone, walling and some ashlar. | Small scattered outcrops in NW corner of UA, along eastern slopes of Dundry Hill (wherev exposed in landslip or cambered areas), and isolated small outliers near Timsbury and [NAME]. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
613 | Blue Lias | 1 |  | Narrow cross-cutting calcite veins along which the rock fails forming one face of the building block are common, usually weathered [NAME].  Blue Lias limestone from deeper modern quarries include in many cases a few blocks laid with such [NAME] veins visible to relieve the rather sombre grey appearance of Blue Lias limestone walling. When fresh, the rock is dark to light grey but it weathers fawn or [NAME].  Blocks with weathered fawn outer parts (including along joints) and grey interiors (blue-hearted) are common. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME], fawn. | BLUE LIAS FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some blocks have strong bedding lamination defined by colour and grain size.  Bedding may be accentuated by shell fragments lying in it. | Typically blue-grey or fawn, fine-grained, muddy (calcilutitic) limestone. Some limestones finely crystalline, hard and splintery, with bedding tops and bases either level or wavy; others flaggy composed of finely comminuted remains of fossil oysters and other bivalves in a limy-mud matrix. Individual grains cannot usually be resolved with a hand lens. Beds often fossiliferous with interbedded sparsely fossiliferous layers - although small shells are not uncommon. | Scaling of blocks is widespread. Building blocks are usually made of the complete thickness of a limestone bed,  no more than 30 cm thick and in many cases much thinner.The presence of finely divided iron pyritesin some limestones breaks down yielding sulphuric acid upon weathering, thereby facilitating the decay and crumbling of the stone. Tendency to also weather along lamination planes. | One of the most important building stones within the UA areas, with key use as a walling stone. Usually laid in courses (coursed rubble or rough ashlar), which may be of different thicknesses, each course corresponding to blocks taken from a single bed of limestone. Also used for quoins and dressings, floor slabs and tombstones. | Complex outcrop pattern throughout much of UA: small outcrops between [NAME] and Chew Valley Lakes around Nemprett Thrubwell; larger, wider outcrops east of Chew Valley Lake around Stowey-Hinton Blewitt; semi-continuous sinuous belt through Paulton, Timsbury, [NAME] and [NAME] widening out into extensive outcrop between [NAME] to Corston, and  Saltford to Keynsham in northern boundary of UA; also continuous belt on southern and eastern slopes of Dundry Hill between Whitchurch, Norton Malreward and North Wick. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
614 | [NAME] | 613 | Blue Lias | Narrow cross-cutting calcite veins along which the rock fails forming one face of the building block are common, usually weathered [NAME].  Blue Lias limestone from deeper modern quarries include in many cases a few blocks laid with such [NAME] veins visible to relieve the rather sombre grey appearance of Blue Lias limestone walling. When fresh, the rock is dark to light grey but it weathers fawn or [NAME].  Blocks with weathered fawn outer parts (including along joints) and grey interiors (blue-hearted) are common. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME], fawn. | RUGBY LIMESTONE MEMBER | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some blocks have strong bedding lamination defined by colour and grain size.  Bedding may be accentuated by shell fragments lying in it. | Typically blue-grey or fawn, fine-grained, muddy (calcilutitic) limestone. Some limestones finely crystalline, hard and splintery, with bedding tops and bases either level or wavy; others flaggy composed of finely comminuted remains of fossil oysters and other bivalves in a limy-mud matrix. Individual grains cannot usually be resolved with a hand lens. Beds often fossiliferous with interbedded sparsely fossiliferous layers - although small shells are not uncommon. | Scaling of blocks is widespread. Building blocks are usually made of the complete thickness of a limestone bed,  no more than 30 cm thick and in many cases much thinner.The presence of finely divided iron pyritesin some limestones breaks down yielding sulphuric acid upon weathering, thereby facilitating the decay and crumbling of the stone. Tendency to also weather along lamination planes. | One of the most important building stones within the UA areas, with key use as a walling stone. Usually laid in courses (coursed rubble or rough ashlar), which may be of different thicknesses, each course corresponding to blocks taken from a single bed of limestone. Also used for quoins and dressings, floor slabs and tombstones. | Keynsham, and surrounding area. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
615 | [NAME] | 613 | Blue Lias | Narrow cross-cutting calcite veins along which the rock fails forming one face of the building block are common, usually weathered [NAME].  Blue Lias limestone from deeper modern quarries include in many cases a few blocks laid with such [NAME] veins visible to relieve the rather sombre grey appearance of Blue Lias limestone walling. When fresh, the rock is dark to light grey but it weathers fawn or [NAME].  Blocks with weathered fawn outer parts (including along joints) and grey interiors (blue-hearted) are common. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME], fawn. | BLUE LIAS FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some blocks have strong bedding lamination defined by colour and grain size.  Bedding may be accentuated by shell fragments lying in it. | Typically blue-grey or fawn, fine-grained, muddy (calcilutitic) limestone. Some limestones finely crystalline, hard and splintery, with bedding tops and bases either level or wavy; others flaggy composed of finely comminuted remains of fossil oysters and other bivalves in a limy-mud matrix. Individual grains cannot usually be resolved with a hand lens. Beds often fossiliferous with interbedded sparsely fossiliferous layers - although small shells are not uncommon. | Scaling of blocks is widespread. Building blocks are usually made of the complete thickness of a limestone bed,  no more than 30 cm thick and in many cases much thinner.The presence of finely divided iron pyritesin some limestones breaks down yielding sulphuric acid upon weathering, thereby facilitating the decay and crumbling of the stone. Tendency to also weather along lamination planes. | One of the most important building stones within the UA areas, with key use as a walling stone. Usually laid in courses (coursed rubble or rough ashlar), which may be of different thicknesses, each course corresponding to blocks taken from a single bed of limestone. Also used for quoins and dressings, floor slabs and tombstones. | Saltford, and surrounding area eastwards towards Corston and Bath. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
616 | [NAME] | 613 | Blue Lias | Narrow cross-cutting calcite veins along which the rock fails forming one face of the building block are common, usually weathered [NAME].  Blue Lias limestone from deeper modern quarries include in many cases a few blocks laid with such [NAME] veins visible to relieve the rather sombre grey appearance of Blue Lias limestone walling. When fresh, the rock is dark to light grey but it weathers fawn or [NAME].  Blocks with weathered fawn outer parts (including along joints) and grey interiors (blue-hearted) are common. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME], fawn. | BLUE LIAS FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some blocks have strong bedding lamination defined by colour and grain size.  Bedding may be accentuated by shell fragments lying in it. | Typically blue-grey or fawn, fine-grained, muddy (calcilutitic) limestone. Some limestones finely crystalline, hard and splintery, with bedding tops and bases either level or wavy; others flaggy composed of finely comminuted remains of fossil oysters and other bivalves in a limy-mud matrix. Individual grains cannot usually be resolved with a hand lens. Beds often fossiliferous with interbedded sparsely fossiliferous layers - although small shells are not uncommon. | Scaling of blocks is widespread. Building blocks are usually made of the complete thickness of a limestone bed,  no more than 30 cm thick and in many cases much thinner.The presence of finely divided iron pyritesin some limestones breaks down yielding sulphuric acid upon weathering, thereby facilitating the decay and crumbling of the stone. Tendency to also weather along lamination planes. | One of the most important building stones within the UA areas, with key use as a walling stone. Usually laid in courses (coursed rubble or rough ashlar), which may be of different thicknesses, each course corresponding to blocks taken from a single bed of limestone. Also used for quoins and dressings, floor slabs and tombstones. | [NAME] and surrounding area, east of Chew Valley lake. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
617 | White Lias | 1 |  | In many cases laid as random rubble with an effect like crazy-paving. The famous 'Cotham Marble' (or 'Landscape Marble') is a thin, pale algal limestone with a curious vermiform upper surface, which originates from the lower Lilstock Formation (Cotham Member). It is to soft to be used as an external stone but takes a good polish and is used in the construction of ornamental internal walls and decorations. | WHITE | Uniform | White, pale grey, cream-coloured. | LANGPORT MEMBER | TRIASSIC | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Uniform. Some beds exhibit fine parallel lamination, often more discernable on weathered surfaces. | Uniform, white or pale grey limestone (with mudstone partings in outcrop) and sugary texture in some cases. Tendency to be rubbly in the lower part, more regular, even-bedded in the upper part. Distinguished from Portland Stone by lack of oolitic texture and from [NAME] by coarser grain size, lack of faint nodular structure, lack of scaling and harder nature. | Fine-grained (porcellaneous) facies often very hard. Some facies are tabular, with parallel flat to undulatory, upper and lower surfaces. | Rubble walling and some ashlar. Favoured by Victorian builders and used for decorative polychrome effect in combination with Blue Lias limestone in some buildings. | Occurs beneath Blue Lias, at edge of a complex outcrop pattern throughout much of UA: small outcrops between [NAME] and Chew Valley Lakes around Nemprett Thrubwell; larger, wider outcrops east of Chew Valley Lake around Stowey-Hinton Blewitt; semi-continuous sinuous belt through Paulton, Timsbury, [NAME] and [NAME] widening out into extensive outcrop between [NAME] to Corston, and  Saltford to Keynsham in northern boundary of UA; also continuous belt on southern and eastern slopes of Dundry Hill between Whitchurch, Norton Malreward and North Wick. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Warrington et al, 1980; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
618 | [NAME] | 1 | [NAME] sandstone | One of the occasional and locally developed 'skerries' (hard sandstones and siltstones) that form slight topographic highs within otherwise flat landscape. | RED | Uniform | Reddish, dark grey-red | MERCIA MUDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE, FINE-GRAINED | Fine grained | Small scale cross bedding, cross lamination. | Thin, red or reddish grey-green fine grained sandstones with some interbedded red mudstones and siltstones, all occuring within main red [NAME] sequence. Often associated wih celestine or gypsum-bearing layers. | Thicker, better cemented sandstone beds locally sufficiently hard to be used as building stone; softer layers susceptible to water erosion, solution of gypsum etc and development of cavities. | Very local use within outcrop area around [NAME], mainly as rough buildling stone, walling stone and rubble stone. | Scattered outcrops, in Chew Valley area, north and west of Chew Valley Lake, south-western corner of the UA area. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1993 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
619 | Chew [NAME] | 618 | [NAME] sandstone | One of the occasional and locally developed 'skerries' (hard sandstones and siltstones) that form slight topographic highs within otherwise flat landscape. | RED | Uniform | Reddish, dark grey-red | MERCIA MUDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE, FINE-GRAINED | Fine grained | Small scale cross bedding, cross lamination. | Thin, red or reddish grey-green fine grained sandstones with some interbedded red mudstones and siltstones, all occuring within main red [NAME] sequence. Often associated wih celestine or gypsum-bearing layers. | Thicker, better cemented sandstone beds locally sufficiently hard to be used as building stone; softer layers susceptible to water erosion, solution of gypsum etc and development of cavities. | Very local use within outcrop area around [NAME], mainly as rough buildling stone, walling stone and rubble stone. | Scattered outcrops, in Chew Valley area, north and west of Chew Valley Lake, south-western corner of the UA area. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1993 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
620 | Stanton [NAME] | 618 | [NAME] sandstone | One of the occasional and locally developed 'skerries' (hard sandstones and siltstones) that form slight topographic highs within otherwise flat landscape. | RED | Uniform | Reddish, dark grey-red | MERCIA MUDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE, FINE-GRAINED | Fine grained | Small scale cross bedding, cross lamination. | Thin, red or reddish grey-green fine grained sandstones with some interbedded red mudstones and siltstones, all occuring within main red [NAME] sequence. Often associated wih celestine or gypsum-bearing layers. | Thicker, better cemented sandstone beds locally sufficiently hard to be used as building stone; softer layers susceptible to water erosion, solution of gypsum etc and development of cavities. | Very local use within outcrop area around [NAME], mainly as rough buildling stone, walling stone and rubble stone. | Scattered outcrops, in Chew Valley area around Stanton Drew, south-western corner of the UA area. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1993 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
621 | Woodford Hill Sandstone | 618 | [NAME] sandstone | One of the occasional and locally developed 'skerries' (hard sandstones and siltstones) that form slight topographic highs within otherwise flat landscape. | RED | Uniform | Reddish, dark grey-red | MERCIA MUDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE, FINE-GRAINED | Fine grained | Small scale cross bedding, cross lamination. | Thin, red or reddish grey-green fine grained sandstones with some interbedded red mudstones and siltstones, all occuring within main red [NAME] sequence. Often associated wih celestine or gypsum-bearing layers. | Thicker, better cemented sandstone beds locally sufficiently hard to be used as building stone; softer layers susceptible to water erosion, solution of gypsum etc and development of cavities. | Very local use within outcrop area around [NAME], mainly as rough buildling stone, walling stone and rubble stone. | Scattered outcrops, in Chew Valley area, north and west of Chew Valley Lake, south-western corner of the UA area. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1993 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
622 | Castle Hill Sandstone | 618 | [NAME] sandstone | One of the occasional and locally developed 'skerries' (hard sandstones and siltstones) that form slight topographic highs within otherwise flat landscape. | RED | Uniform | Reddish, dark grey-red | MERCIA MUDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE, FINE-GRAINED | Fine grained | Small scale cross bedding, cross lamination. | Thin, red or reddish grey-green fine grained sandstones with some interbedded red mudstones and siltstones, all occuring within main red [NAME] sequence. Often associated wih celestine or gypsum-bearing layers. | Thicker, better cemented sandstone beds locally sufficiently hard to be used as building stone; softer layers susceptible to water erosion, solution of gypsum etc and development of cavities. | Very local use within outcrop area around [NAME], mainly as rough buildling stone, walling stone and rubble stone. | Scattered outcrops, in Chew Valley area, north and west of Chew Valley Lake, south-western corner of the UA area. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1993 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
623 | Butcombe Sandstone | 618 | [NAME] sandstone |  | GREY | Uniform | Pale to dark grey-green | ARDEN SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Laminated and thinly interbedded sediments are commonly extensively bioturbated and show structures indicative of thixotropic deformation. The siltstones and finer sandstones show small-scale ripple drift cross bedding, sometimes mudcracks; thicker sandstone beds show trough and planar cross bedding. | Heterolithic, consisting of fine- to medium-grained varicoloured green, brown, [NAME] or mauve sandstones, interbedded with grey, green and purple mudstones and siltstones; beds of conglomerate occur locally. The proportion of fine to coarse clastics varies laterally within the Formation. The thicker sandstone units, and composed of several individual beds, and typically exhibit a lenticular geometry. Often associated wih celestine or gypsum-bearing layers. | Thicker, better cemented sandstone beds locally sufficiently hard to be used as building stone; softer layers susceptible to water erosion, solution of gypsum etc and development of cavities. | Very local use within outcrop area, mainly as rough buildling stone, walling stone and rubble stone. | Scattered outcrops in Chew Valley area, north and west of Chew Valley Lake, south-western corner of the UA area. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Warrington et al, 1980; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
624 | Dolomitic Conglomerate | 1 | East Harptree Stone | A hard silicified facies is known to occur locally near West Harptree and East Harptree (East Harptree Stone). | GREY | Mottled | Pale to dark grey limestone fragments, set in reddish to reddish-black matrix, pinkish/reddish tinge. | MERCIA MUDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | CONGLOMERATE | Pebble grade | Usually fairly massive, but may exhibit coarse sets of truncated, bedding surfaces, occasional separated by very thin (up to 1cm) marl partings. | Clast-supported breccia or conglomerate composed of grey angular to subangular fragments of Carboniferous Limestone within a matrix of reddish to red-brown matrix of sandy marl or fine-grained limestone, overall effect is pinkish/pinkish-grey hue to rock. Limestone clasts usually 2-4cm diameter, but larger boulder-sized clasts occur. Characteristised by exhibiting secondary changes, in particular haematitization (which produces an intense red coloured 'earthy' iron-rich friable rock termed 'red ochre') and dolomitization (which typically turns the rock yellowish). | Becomes softer and friable, especially the cement matrix, upon weathering of haematitized and dolomitized forms of the rock. Black lichen growth typical of damp conditions. | Used as irregular building stone along outcrop. Also works readily into long pieces used as lintels, chimney pieces, gateposts and paving stones and rubblestone walling. | Southern edge of UA, from Ubley to [NAME] and East Harptree (north flank of Mendip ridge Carboniferous limestone). | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993;  Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
625 | East Harptree Stone | 624 | Dolomitic Conglomerate | A hard silicified facies is known to occur locally near West Harptree and East Harptree (East Harptree Stone). | GREY | Mottled | Pale to dark grey limestone fragments, set in reddish to reddish-black matrix, pinkish/reddish tinge. | MERCIA MUDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | CONGLOMERATE | Pebble grade | Usually fairly massive, but may exhibit coarse sets of truncated, bedding surfaces, occasional separated by very thin (up to 1cm) marl partings. | Clast-supported breccia or conglomerate composed of grey angular to subangular fragments of Carboniferous Limestone within a matrix of reddish to red-brown matrix of sandy marl or fine-grained limestone, overall effect is pinkish/pinkish-grey hue to rock. Limestone clasts usually 2-4cm diameter, but larger boulder-sized clasts occur. Characteristised by exhibiting secondary changes, in particular haematitization (which produces an intense red coloured 'earthy' iron-rich friable rock termed 'red ochre') and dolomitization (which typically turns the rock yellowish). | Becomes softer and friable, especially the cement matrix, upon weathering of haematitized and dolomitized forms of the rock. Black lichen growth typical of damp conditions. | Used as irregular building stone along outcrop. Also works readily into long pieces used as lintels, chimney pieces, gateposts and paving stones and rubblestone walling. | Southern edge of UA, from Ubley to [NAME] and East Harptree (north flank of Mendip ridge Carboniferous limestone). | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993;  Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
626 | Pennant - type Sandstone | 1 | Warwickshire Group |  |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  | Bath area | 2011-11-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area |  | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
627 | Pennant Sandstone | 626 | Supra-Pennant Measures | A maximum thickness of 600 m is recorded in the Pensford Basin ([NAME]). | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey, reddish. | PUBLOW MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Quartzose sandstones massive. | Predominantly argillaceous, grey mudstones and siltstones, with subordinate greyish sandstones and rare thin coals. The sandstones are typically of lithic, feldspathic, micaceous '[NAME] type', but also include massive quartzose sandstones. Locally developed red mudstones also occur. | Sandstones, especially quartzitic sandstones, fairly hard and resistant. | Very locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Area between Pensford - Publow Hill and Blackrock, southwest of Keynsham. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway, 1970; Kellaway & Welch, 1993 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
628 | Pennant Sandstone | 626 | Barren Red Measures | Up to 425m in the [NAME] part of the Somerset [NAME]. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey. | FARRINGTON MEMBER AND BARREN RED MEMBER (UNDIFFERENTIATED) | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones typically poorly bedded, relatively thin. | Predominantly argillaceous, grey mudstone with subordinate greyish sandstone (lithic, feldspathic, micaceous arenite of 'Pennant type') beds and numerous thin coal seams associated with comparatively thick seatearth clays. | Sandstones fairly hard and resistant. | Very locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Small exposure in far northwest corner of UA, northwest of Keynsham near Hicks Gate; area around Clutton to High [NAME], and scattered outcrops near Stanton Wick and Chelwood, and also between ????[NAME] and [NAME]. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway, 1970; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
629 | Temple Cloud Stone | 626 | Pennant Sandstone | Typically very thick sequences, up to 600 m +. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey.  Red to purple colour?? | [NAME] MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding occurs in some units, other beds regularly bedded to massive. | Green-grey and blue-grey, feldspathic, micaceous, lithic arenites ('[NAME]' sandstones) of southerly provenance, with thin mudstone/siltstone and seatearth interbeds and mainly thin coals; the lithologies are commonly arranged in fining-upwards channel-fill sequences. | Sandstones, especially quartzitic sandstones, fairly hard and resistant. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Triangular, fault-bounded outcrop, centered on [NAME], east of Chew Valley Lake, northwest of Radstock. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Cleal & Thomas, 1996; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
630 | Pennant Sandstone | 626 | [NAME] Member | Member up to 580 m thick at [NAME] to Engine Common near [NAME]; 450 m proved in the type area at Mangotsfield. | GREY | Uniform | Distinctive red to purple colour. | [NAME] MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones predominantly cross-bedded. | Predominantly lithic, feldspathic, micaceous, arenite of 'Pennant-type' sandstone in the lower part, and an upper part with [NAME] fissile mudstone beds, interbedded with greyish sandstone and sparse coal seams. The sandstone weathers to a distinctive red to purple colour. | Sandstones, especially quartzitic sandstones, fairly hard and resistant. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Small exposure in far northwest corner of UA, northwest of Keynsham near Hicks Gate (Downend Member according to DigMap); also area immediately east of [NAME] and Temple Cloud. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway, 1970; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Cleal & Thomas, 1996; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
631 | Pennant Sandstone | 626 | Downend Member | Member 425 - 650 m thick in [NAME], especially in Downend-Mangotsfield and Stapleton Hill area. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey, reddish. | DOWNEND MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Sandstones massive. | Greyish sandstone with some conglomerate and pebbly sandstone and sporadic grey or reddish fissile mudstone beds. Some thin workable coal seams are also present. Sandstone is typically a medium to coarse-grained lithic, feldspathic, micaceous arenite of 'Pennant-type'. | Sandstones, especially quartzitic sandstones, fairly hard and resistant. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Temple Cloud area, north west of Radstock. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway, 1970; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
632 | [NAME] | 1 |  | Some beds tabular and blocky, and can be relatively easily dressed for ashlar. The very resistant chert bands are typically very conspicuous at weathered outcrops, and protrude like 'ribs'. | GREY | Uniform | Various shades of pale to dark grey, or almost blackish, [NAME] to near whitish; sometimes with dark oxide or yellowish ferruginous staining. | PEMBROKE LIMESTONE GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, but includes hummocky and cross-stratification; finer units are often laminated. | A complex, varied group of different limestone facies and formations are included within the term 'Carboniferous Limestone' - and the various lithologies have been given different stratigraphical names along the outcrop. They vary from pale grey to dark grey/blackish, fine grained homogeneous limestones through massive oolitic to bedded crinoidal limestones. Some horizons are dolomitized, or are cherty. Many of the limestones are highly fossiliferous, especially in brachiopod shells and corals (which can also be used to help identify the different lithologies). | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the recrystallised, massive lithologies, and particularly the siliceous, cherty bands. | Makes a durable building stone, the low porosity making it suitable for external buildings, as has low susceptibility to frost damage. One of the most extensively quarried stones in the Avon area, and widely used throughout the Mendip region. Also provides a characteristic dry walling stone (eg. north Mendip plateau area). Some limestones have been used as a local building stone and previously burnt for lime, but in common with many of the former stone quarries, they are now worked substantially for crushed rock / concrete aggregate and roadstone. | Small exposures on northern side of Mendip Hill ridge south of Ubley and near [NAME] ([NAME]), and small inlier just south of East Harptree. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Whittaker & Green, 1983; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
633 | Hotwells Limestone | 632 |  | Approximately up to 50 m thick, the thickest development occuring in the Broadfield Down area of Bristol (and [NAME]). Abundant fossil fauna of corals and thick-shelled brachiopods. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to blackish | OXWICH HEAD [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, but includes hummocky and cross-stratification; finer units are often laminated. | Fossiliferous, massive, grey crinoidal and oolitic bioclastic limestones, sometimes also flaggy, black splintery limestones with chert nodules and seams. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the recrystallised, massive lithologies, and particularly the siliceous, cherty bands. | Some beds tabular and blocky, and can be relatively easily dressed for ashlar. The very resistant chert bands are typically very conspicuous at weathered outcrops, and protrude like 'ribs'. | Small exposures on northern side of Mendip Hill ridge south of Ubley and near [NAME] ([NAME]). | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992: Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
634 | [NAME] | 632 | [NAME] | Type section within the Avon Gorge, where the formation reaches 190 m thick. Sparsely fossiliferous, except some bands locally crowded with corals and brachiopods; algal limestones distinctive. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to dark grey, or   blackish | CLIFTON DOWN LIMESTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, but includes hummocky and cross-stratification; finer units are often algal and laminated. | Basal sequence comprises well-bedded calcareous and dolomitic mudstones with poorly-sorted bioclastic limestones; these pass up into algal limestones ('[NAME]) and cross-bedded ooids ('[NAME]) topped by thick calcareous algal mudstones ('Concretionary Beds') with a widespread erosion surface at the top. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features in thicker limestone beds. | Used locally as a building stone, along the outcrop area. | Small isolated inlier just south of East Harptree. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Whittaker & Green, 1983; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
635 | Inferior Oolite | 1 |  | Stone is characterised by dispersed white crinoid ossicles up to 2mm across.  These coarser grains,  the colour and the smaller size of the building blocks distinguish Inferior Oolite limestone from other oolitic limestones. Often highly fossiliferous, especially brachiopods, mollusc shells and ammonites. | YELLOW | Uniform | [NAME], ochre, pale yellow to cream or whitish, pale grey to pale brownish. | INFERIOR OOLITE GROUP | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, OOIDAL | Medium grained | Usually rubbly, nodular and relatively poorly-bedded, but this varies depending on the facies, some of which include hummocky and cross-stratified units, oolitic shoals, fining-up sequences etc. | The Inferior Oolite varies markedly and irregularly in thickness and lithology across the outcrop area. Generally it comprises [NAME], grey-centered shelly, rubbly to nodular sandy limestones interbedded with [NAME], more massive, sandy, ferruginous oolitic limestones. | Variable, the better cemented, more regular limestones being more resistant than sandy lithologies. | Widely but locally quarried and used along the outcrop, especially for rubblestone walling and some ashlar. | Northen edge of Dundry Hill, but rocks are much affected by superficial cambering and landslipping. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
636 | Blue Lias | 1 | Banwell Stone, [NAME], [NAME], [NAME], | Narrow cross-cutting calcite veins along which the rock fails forming one face of the building block are common, usually weathered [NAME].  Blue Lias limestone from deeper modern quarries include in many cases a few blocks laid with such [NAME] veins visible to relieve the rather sombre grey appearance of Blue Lias limestone walling. When fresh, the rock is dark to light grey but it weathers fawn or [NAME].  Blocks with weathered fawn outer parts (including along joints) and grey interiors (blue-hearted) are common. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME], fawn. | BLUE LIAS FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some blocks have strong bedding lamination defined by colour and grain size.  Bedding may be accentuated by shell fragments lying in it. | Typically blue-grey or fawn, fine-grained, muddy (calcilutitic) limestone. Some limestones finely crystalline, hard and splintery, with bedding tops and bases either level or wavy; others flaggy composed of finely comminuted remains of fossil oysters and other bivalves in a limy-mud matrix. Individual grains cannot usually be resolved with a hand lens. Beds often fossiliferous with interbedded sparsely fossiliferous layers - although small shells are not uncommon. | Scaling of blocks is widespread. Building blocks are usually made of the complete thickness of a limestone bed,  no more than 30 cm thick and in many cases much thinner.The presence of finely divided iron pyritesin some limestones breaks down yielding sulphuric acid upon weathering, thereby facilitating the decay and crumbling of the stone. Tendency to also weather along lamination planes. | One of the most important building stones within the UA areas, with key use as a walling stone. Usually laid in courses (coursed rubble or rough ashlar), which may be of different thicknesses, each course corresponding to blocks taken from a single bed of limestone. Also used for quoins and dressings, floor slabs and tombstones. | [NAME] belt, approximately 0.5 km wide in southern border of UA along northern edge of Dundry Hill stretching between Highbridge, Headley Park and Hengrove), and [NAME] (approximately 2 km long x 1 km wide) centered near Horfield, northern Bristol. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
637 | Harptree Beds | 1 | Harptree Stone | Thickness not known. Derived from local replacement (silicification) of [NAME] limestone, with which the Harptree Beds form a strongly sinuous boundary. | BROWN | Uniform | Pale to dark brownish | HARPTREE BEDS | TRIASSIC | CHERT | Fine grained | Tendency to be massive. | Brownish, very hard chert, with occasional moulds of shells | Hard, resiliant. | Used very locally as rough building stone. | Confined to two small irregular areas (larger approximately 1.5 km wide) on and immediately around [NAME], near Lulsgate Airport, southern boundary of Bristol UA. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
638 | White Lias | 1 |  | In many cases laid as random rubble with an effect like crazy-paving. The famous 'Cotham Marble' (or 'Landscape Marble') is a thin, pale algal limestone with a curious vermiform upper surface, which originates from the lower Lilstock Formation (Cotham Member). It is to soft to be used as an external stone but takes a good polish and is used in the construction of ornamental internal walls and decorations. | WHITE | Uniform | White, pale grey, cream-coloured. | LANGPORT MEMBER | TRIASSIC | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Uniform. Some beds exhibit fine parallel lamination, often more discernable on weathered surfaces. | Uniform, white or pale grey limestone (with mudstone partings in outcrop) and sugary texture in some cases. Tendency to be rubbly in the lower part, more regular, even-bedded in the upper part. Distinguished from Portland Stone by lack of oolitic texture and from [NAME] by coarser grain size, lack of faint nodular structure, lack of scaling and harder nature. | Fine-grained (porcellaneous) facies often very hard. Some facies are tabular, with parallel flat to undulatory, upper and lower surfaces. | Rubble walling and some ashlar. Favoured by Victorian builders and used for decorative polychrome effect in combination with Blue Lias limestone in some buildings. | Occurs beneath Blue Lias, at edge of a continuous belt, approximately 0.5 km wide in southern border of UA along northern edge of Dundry Hill stretching between Highbridge, Headley Park and Hengrove), and [NAME] (approximately 2 km long x 1 km wide) centered near Horfield, northern Bristol. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Warrington et al, 1980; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
639 | Dolomitic Conglomerate | 1 | East Harptree Stone | A hard silicified facies is known to occur locally near West Harptree and East Harptree (East Harptree Stone). | GREY | Mottled | Pale to dark grey limestone fragments, set in reddish to reddish-black matrix, pinkish/reddish tinge. | MERCIA MUDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | CONGLOMERATE | Pebble grade | Usually fairly massive, but may exhibit coarse sets of truncated, bedding surfaces, occasional separated by very thin (up to 1cm) marl partings. | Clast-supported breccia or conglomerate composed of grey angular to subangular fragments of Carboniferous Limestone within a matrix of reddish to red-brown matrix of sandy marl or fine-grained limestone, overall effect is pinkish/pinkish-grey hue to rock. Limestone clasts usually 2-4cm diameter, but larger boulder-sized clasts occur. Characteristised by exhibiting secondary changes, in particular haematitization (which produces an intense red coloured 'earthy' iron-rich friable rock termed 'red ochre') and dolomitization (which typically turns the rock yellowish). | Becomes softer and friable, especially the cement matrix, upon weathering of haematitized and dolomitized forms of the rock. Black lichen growth typical of damp conditions. | Used as irregular building stone along outcrop. Also works readily into long pieces used as lintels, chimney pieces, gateposts and paving stones and rubblestone walling. | Northern banks of the River Avon, the main larger outcrop (approximately 4 sq km) covering the Sea Mills, [NAME], Westbury-on-Trym, Henbury, Brentry areas of Bristol; the smaller outcrop (approximately 1.5 sq km) centered around Clifton and Hotwell areas of the city. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993;  Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
640 | Penpole Stone | 639 |  |  | YELLOW | Uniform | Dark yellowish | MERCIA MUDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | CONGLOMERATE | Fine grained |  | Local variety of Dolomitic Conglomerate, which is fine grained, yellow in colour, but tinged pink. | Resistant, as standard Dolomitic Conglomerate. Grain size enables it to be used as ashlar. | Extremely local use, only known from to be confined to Kingsweston area (eg. [NAME]) where used as attractive ashlar. | Confined to Kingweston area, [NAME], Bristol | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1993 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
641 | Redcliffe Sandstone | 1 |  | Locally exceeds 50 m in thickness. Unfossiliferous. The brilliant red sandy soil developed on the crop of Redcliffe Sandstone is recorded in the names of districts such as [NAME]. | RED | Uniform | Dark red, brownish, ochreous | REDCLIFFE SANDSTONE | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Fine grained |  | Dark red to [NAME] or fawn calcareous and highly ferruginous sandstones, distinctive fine- to medium grained. Thins to north, (Tockington), where it is represented by a thin calcareous sandstone interbedded with red sandy marl beneath the main mass of red [NAME]. | Cementation irregularly developed, decalcified Redcliffe Sandstone being soft and friable when dry and quickly breaks down when water saturated. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop area. | Crops out in Bristol area between [NAME] and Frenchay, typically developed in the eastern and southern parts of Bristol, notably Stapleton, [NAME] and Redcliffe. Form cliffs along the River Avon at Redcliffe Parade (west of [NAME]), and is well exposed on the south side of the New Cut between Bathurst Basin and Ashton Gate. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
642 | Pennant Sandstone | 1 | Barren Red Measures | Up to 425m in the [NAME] part of the Somerset [NAME]. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey. | FARRINGTON MEMBER AND BARREN RED MEMBER (UNDIFFERENTIATED) | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones typically poorly bedded, relatively thin. | Predominantly argillaceous, grey mudstone with subordinate greyish sandstone (lithic, feldspathic, micaceous arenite of 'Pennant type') beds and numerous thin coal seams associated with comparatively thick seatearth clays. | Sandstones fairly hard and resistant. | Very locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Southeast corner of Bristol UA, Broom [NAME] areas. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway, 1970; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
643 | Pennant Sandstone | 1 | [NAME] Member | Member up to 580 m thick at [NAME] to Engine Common near [NAME]; 450 m proved in the type area at Mangotsfield. | GREY | Uniform | Distinctive red to purple colour. | [NAME] MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones predominantly cross-bedded. | Predominantly lithic, feldspathic, micaceous, arenite of 'Pennant-type' sandstone in the lower part, and an upper part with [NAME] fissile mudstone beds, interbedded with greyish sandstone and sparse coal seams. The sandstone weathers to a distinctive red to purple colour. | Sandstones, especially quartzitic sandstones, fairly hard and resistant. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Southeast corner of Bristol UA, [NAME] Broom Hill areas. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway, 1970; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Cleal & Thomas, 1996; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
644 | Pennant Sandstone | 1 | Downend Member | Member 425 - 650 m thick in [NAME], especially in Downend-Mangotsfield and Stapleton Hill area. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey, reddish. | DOWNEND MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Sandstones massive. | Greyish sandstone with some conglomerate and pebbly sandstone and sporadic grey or reddish fissile mudstone beds. Some thin workable coal seams are also present. Sandstone is typically a medium to coarse-grained lithic, feldspathic, micaceous arenite of 'Pennant-type'. | Sandstones, especially quartzitic sandstones, fairly hard and resistant. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Eastern and north-eastern areas of Bristol UA, centered on the Fishponds and [NAME] Hole areas (and immediately east). | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway, 1970; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
645 | Stapleton Stone | 644 | Pennant Sandstone | Typically very thick sequences, up to 600 m +. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey. | DOWNEND MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding occurs in some units, other beds regularly bedded to massive. | Green-grey and blue-grey, feldspathic, micaceous, lithic arenites ('[NAME]' sandstones) of southerly provenance, with thin mudstone/siltstone and seatearth interbeds and mainly thin coals; the lithologies are commonly arranged in fining-upwards channel-fill sequences. | Sandstones, especially quartzitic sandstones, fairly hard and resistant. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | [NAME] areas of northeast Bristol UA. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Cleal & Thomas, 1996; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
646 | Millstone Grit | 1 | Millstone Grit Group | Formation 175 - 200 m thick in Bristol area. Sandstones rarely fossiliferous, very occasional goniatites. |  | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey. | MARROS GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones with erosive bases. | Hard, pale grey quartzitic sandstones (pebbly in places) with grey mudstones, seatearths and thin carbonaceous or coaly beds. Sandstones predominate in the middle of the sequence; cherty beds developed at base. Pebbly sandstones with clasts of white quartz, quartzite, chert, siderite ironstone and mudstone. | Quartzitic sandstones very hard and resistant. | Very locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | High ground in the Clifton - Tyndall's Park area of Bristol. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1955, 1993; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
647 | Brandon Hill Stone | 1 | [NAME] | Formation 175 - 200 m thick in Bristol area. Sandstones rarely fossiliferous, very occasional goniatites. |  | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey. | QUARTZITIC SANDSTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE, COARSE-GRAINED | Medium grained | Sandstones with erosive bases. | Hard, pale grey quartzitic sandstones (pebbly in places) with grey mudstones, seatearths and thin carbonaceous or coaly beds. Sandstones predominate in the middle of the sequence; cherty beds developed at base. Pebbly sandstones with clasts of white quartz, quartzite, chert, siderite ironstone and mudstone. | Quartzitic sandstones very hard and resistant. | Very locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | High ground in the Clifton - Tyndall's Park area of Bristol. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1955, 1993; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
648 | [NAME] | 1 |  | Some beds tabular and blocky, and can be relatively easily dressed for ashlar. The very resistant chert bands are typically very conspicuous at weathered outcrops, and protrude like 'ribs'. | GREY | Uniform | Various shades of pale to dark grey, or almost blackish, [NAME] to near whitish; sometimes with dark oxide or yellowish ferruginous staining. | PEMBROKE LIMESTONE GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, but includes hummocky and cross-stratification; finer units are often laminated. | A complex, varied group of different limestone facies and formations are included within the term 'Carboniferous Limestone' - and the various lithologies have been given different stratigraphical names along the outcrop. They vary from pale grey to dark grey/blackish, fine grained homogeneous limestones through massive oolitic to bedded crinoidal limestones. Some horizons are dolomitized, or are cherty. Many of the limestones are highly fossiliferous, especially in brachiopod shells and corals (which can also be used to help identify the different lithologies). | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the recrystallised, massive lithologies, and particularly the siliceous, cherty bands. | Makes a durable building stone, the low porosity making it suitable for external buildings, as has low susceptibility to frost damage. One of the most extensively quarried stones in the Avon area, and widely used throughout the Mendip region. Also provides a characteristic dry walling stone (eg. north Mendip plateau area). Some limestones have been used as a local building stone and previously burnt for lime, but in common with many of the former stone quarries, they are now worked substantially for crushed rock / concrete aggregate and roadstone. | Well exposed in [NAME], and then outcrop continues as a strip running through [NAME], Westbury Park (west), Eastfield, Southmead, Brentry, Henbury and along King's Weston Hill and Severn Way towards Shirehampton. Also small exposures in Hotwells and south Clifton areas. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Whittaker & Green, 1983; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
649 | Cromhall Sandstone | 1 | Upper, Middle and Lower Cromhall sandstones | Generally poorly exposed, best known in detail from south [NAME] area, where Ashton Park borehole proved thickness of 140 m for the upper Cromhall Sandstone. Formation thickest in the northern Bristol area. | BROWN | Uniform | Reddish-brown, yellowish-brown (ochreous), to dark grey; often pyritic giving strong red, orange colouration. | CROMHALL SANDSTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Regular, cyclic, fining-up sequences, topped by sandy seat earths. | Includes up to three tongues of sandstone units (formerly termed the lower, middle and upper [NAME]). The lower tongue comprises brown and red fine- to coarse-grained quartzitic sandstone with subordinate mudstones and sparse thin limestones. Base is locally conglomeratic. The middle tongue is similar but contains units of dolomitised limestone. The upper tongue comprises grey and red coarse-grained quartzitic sandstones, sandy crinoidal and oolitic limestones, mudstones, siltstones and grey seatearths arranged in cyclic sequences. Units of crinoidal and oolitic limestone are locally developed. | Relatively soft, susceptible to pyrite decay. | Local use only as a general building stone. | Small exposures centered on Hotwells and south Clifton areas. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
650 | Hotwells Limestone | 648 |  | Approximately up to 50 m thick, the thickest development occuring in the Broadfield Down area of Bristol (and [NAME]). Abundant fossil fauna of corals and thick-shelled brachiopods. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to blackish | OXWICH HEAD [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, but includes hummocky and cross-stratification; finer units are often laminated. | Fossiliferous, massive, grey crinoidal and oolitic bioclastic limestones, sometimes also flaggy, black splintery limestones with chert nodules and seams. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the recrystallised, massive lithologies, and particularly the siliceous, cherty bands. | Some beds tabular and blocky, and can be relatively easily dressed for ashlar. The very resistant chert bands are typically very conspicuous at weathered outcrops, and protrude like 'ribs'. | Small exposures mainly confined to [NAME] and Hotwells areas of Bristol. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992: Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
651 | [NAME] | 648 | [NAME] | Type section within the Avon Gorge, where the formation reaches 190 m thick. Sparsely fossiliferous, except some bands locally crowded with corals and brachiopods; algal limestones distinctive. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to dark grey, or   blackish | CLIFTON DOWN LIMESTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, but includes hummocky and cross-stratification; finer units are often algal and laminated. | Basal sequence comprises well-bedded calcareous and dolomitic mudstones with poorly-sorted bioclastic limestones; these pass up into algal limestones ('[NAME]) and cross-bedded ooids ('[NAME]) topped by thick calcareous algal mudstones ('Concretionary Beds') with a widespread erosion surface at the top. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features in thicker limestone beds. | Used locally as a building stone, along the outcrop area. | Well exposed in [NAME], and then as discontinuous strip running through [NAME] to Westbury Park, then Southmead, Brentry and Henbury areas of Bristol. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Whittaker & Green, 1983; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
652 | [NAME] | 648 |  | Full sequence exposed in Weston-Milton area, where it reaches 70 m in thickness. |  | Uniform | Dark grey to black | GOBLIN COMBE OOLITE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Medium grained | Cross-bedding occasionally visible on suitably weathered surfaces. | Pale grey to grey, thick-bedded to massive, medium- to coarse-grained oolite and ooidal limestone with lenses of crinoidal limestone; individual beds vary from oolites with scattered crinoid debris, to pure crinoidal limestones. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. | Used locally as a building and walling stone, along the outcrop area. | Well exposed in [NAME], and then outcrop continues as a strip running through [NAME], Westbury Park (west), Eastfield, Southmead, Brentry, Henbury and along King's Weston Hill and Severn Way towards Shirehampton. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Whittaker & Green, 1983; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
653 | [NAME] | 648 | Gully Oolite | Sparsely fossiliferous, although locally in the north Bristol to Tytherington area,the base of the Formation is characterised by a 5 m thick, [NAME], well-sorted, crinoidal limestone (called the Sub-Oolite Bed) which contains abundant brachiopods. |  | Uniform | Typically whitish | GULLY OOLITE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Cross lamination, cross-bedding, some bioturbation structures. | Massively bedded (occasionally medium- to thick-bedded), pale grey or pinkish, oolitic grainstone with subordinate beds of fine-grained skeletal packstones. Locally dolomitized or traversed by strong joints; a palaeokarstic surface overlain by a green/red mudstone/clay palaeosol caps the Formation. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the dolomitized bands. | Used locally as a building and walling stone, along the outcrop area. | Well exposed in [NAME], and then outcrop continues as a narrow strip running through [NAME], Westbury Park (west), Eastfield and Southmead to Brentry. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Whittaker & Green, 1983; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
654 | Black Rock Limestone | 648 | Black Rock dolomite | Fossils abundant, especially corals, brachiopods Formation thickens from west to east, 250 to 370 m; approximately 150 m thick in the Bristol area. | GREY | Uniform | Dark grey to black | BLACK ROCK LIMESTONE SUBGROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, includes massive and thin-bedded types | Predominantly dark grey to black, well-bedded, fine-grained limestones with abundant crinoidal debris (packstones and wackestones). Coarser-grained crinoidal limestones occur in the lower third. At least two distinct chert horizons occur; the upper parts of the formation are also commonly dolomitized. Dolomitized limestones are very hard and tend to stand out as strong features. Shaly partings are common in the lower and middle parts of the succession. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the siliceous, cherty horizons and dolomitized bands | Widely quarried, and used locally as a building stone, along the outcrop area. | Well exposed in [NAME], and then outcrop continues as a strip running through [NAME], Westbury Park (west), Eastfield, Southmead, Brentry, Henbury and along King's Weston Hill and Severn Way towards Shirehampton. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | [NAME], 1965; Green, 1992; Whittaker & Green, 1983; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
655 | Old Red Sandstone | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | OLD RED SANDSTONE SUPERGROUP | DEVONIAN | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  | Bristol area | 2011-11-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area |  | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
656 | Devonian sandstone | 655 | Upper Old Red Sandstone | Approximately 240 to 275 m thick; fossil fish faunas occur at some levels. Conglomeratic lenticular horizons traceable over considerable distances in Failand area. Formation splits laterally into Tintern Sandstone and Quartz Conglomerate in Buckover area and Forest of Dean. | RED | Uniform | Purple-red, dark greenish, dark red | PORTISHEAD [NAME] | DEVONIAN | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Most beds characteristically strongly lenticular, especially sandstones. Upward fining sequences also present. | Variable lithology, but red, reddish-purple, yellow and pale grey fine-grained quartzose sandstones dominate. Pebbly conglomerates occur at intervals, the pebbles comprising mostly augen quartz and dark brown quartzite, but jasper, chert, mica schist and silicified igneous rock also present. Red and green mudstones and marls occur interbedded with coarser units. | Quartz-dominated conglomerates and quartzose sandstones fairly hard and resistant. | Used along outcrop length as a general purpose building and walling stone. Formerly quarried as a building stone in several locations, especially in the Abbot's Leigh area. | Small outcrops near Shirehampton, Westbury-on-Trym and northern bank of the River Avon (extending to [NAME]) | 2010-10-19 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Williams & Hancock, in Savage, 1977; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
657 | Devonian sandstone | 655 | Lower Old Red Sandstone | Approximately 600-650 m thick. Fossil fish debris locally abundant. | PURPLE | Mottled | Purplish red | BEACON LIMESTONE FORMATION | DEVONIAN | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Upward fining sequences (up to several metres thick): basal conglomerate - current-bedded channel sandstones - siltstones - mudstones. | Dingy, purplish-red, current bedded sandstones and mudstones with much green mottling. When fresh, the rock is slightly calcareous, and bands of conglomeratic dolomitic concretions (calcrete or cornstones) are sporadically developed in lower parts of the formation. Thin wisps and strings of dark cherty pebbles are locally present. The proportion of sandstone to mudstone increases upwards in the succession. | Relatively soft; lower calcareous units tend to be more resistant and harder. | Very local use as general rubblestone and walling stone. | Small outcrop on northern banks of the River Avon extending to just north of Sneyd Park and [NAME] areas of Bristol. | 2010-10-19 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1955, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
658 | Inferior Oolite | 1 |  | Stone is characterised by dispersed white crinoid ossicles up to 2mm across.  These coarser grains,  the colour and the smaller size of the building blocks distinguish Inferior Oolite limestone from other oolitic limestones. Often highly fossiliferous, especially brachiopods, mollusc shells and ammonites. | YELLOW | Uniform | [NAME], ochre, pale yellow to cream or whitish, pale grey to pale brownish. | INFERIOR OOLITE GROUP | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, OOIDAL | Medium grained | Usually rubbly, nodular and relatively poorly-bedded, but this varies depending on the facies, some of which include hummocky and cross-stratified units, oolitic shoals, fining-up sequences etc. | The Inferior Oolite varies markedly and irregularly in thickness and lithology across the outcrop area. Generally it comprises [NAME], grey-centered shelly, rubbly to nodular sandy limestones interbedded with [NAME], more massive, sandy, ferruginous oolitic limestones. | Variable, the better cemented, more regular limestones being more resistant than sandy lithologies. | Widely but locally quarried and used along the outcrop, especially for rubblestone walling and some ashlar. | Forms a large outlier, approx 6 km by 2.5 km, capping Dundry Hill, where the rocks are much affected by superficial cambering and landslipping. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
659 | Dundry Stone | 658 | Dundry Freestone | Up to 4 m thick, but thinning rapidly westwards.. | YELLOW | Uniform | [NAME], ochre, pale yellow to cream or whitish, pale grey to pale brownish. | DUNDRY FREESTONE | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, FOSSILIFEROUS | Medium grained | Massive bedding. | Massive bioclastic limestones overlying thinly-bedded, often ironshot limestoneslimestones and thin conglomerate with limonite- and serpulid-coated blue-grey limestone clasts. | Fairly homogeneous and resistant. | Famous as a building stone, but essentially worked out. Used in local Bristol area, notably for [NAME], Bristol and ornate tower of Dundry church. | Forms a large outlier, approx 6 km by 2.5 km, capping Dundry Hill, where the rocks are much affected by superficial cambering and landslipping. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Parsons, 1979; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
660 | Marlstone | 1 | Cephalopod Limestone |  | GREY | Uniform | Characteristically ferruginous weathering, rusty brown, pale fawn, [NAME]. | BEACON LIMESTONE FORMATION | JURASSIC | NOT ENTERED | Fine grained | Mostly massive. | Grey to rusty-brown , ferruginous shelly, calcarenite to silty limestone, locally oolitic and iron-shot, occasionally with mudstone clasts and pebbles; may pass into a more massive, grey-brown ferruginous sandy limestone with clay partings. Highly fossiliferous, often crowded with belemnites, brachiopods and bivalves. | Fairly hard, resistant. | Used very locally along outcrop length, for variety of purposes particularly rubblestone, walling and some ashlar. | Small, scattered outcrops (where exposed in landslip or cambered areas) along slopes of Dundry Hill, eastern edge of UA. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
661 | Blue Lias | 1 | Banwell Stone | Narrow cross-cutting calcite veins along which the rock fails forming one face of the building block are common, usually weathered [NAME].  Blue Lias limestone from deeper modern quarries include in many cases a few blocks laid with such [NAME] veins visible to relieve the rather sombre grey appearance of Blue Lias limestone walling. When fresh, the rock is dark to light grey but it weathers fawn or [NAME].  Blocks with weathered fawn outer parts (including along joints) and grey interiors (blue-hearted) are common. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME], fawn. | BLUE LIAS FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some blocks have strong bedding lamination defined by colour and grain size.  Bedding may be accentuated by shell fragments lying in it. | Typically blue-grey or fawn, fine-grained, muddy (calcilutitic) limestone. Some limestones finely crystalline, hard and splintery, with bedding tops and bases either level or wavy; others flaggy composed of finely comminuted remains of fossil oysters and other bivalves in a limy-mud matrix. Individual grains cannot usually be resolved with a hand lens. Beds often fossiliferous with interbedded sparsely fossiliferous layers - although small shells are not uncommon. | Scaling of blocks is widespread. Building blocks are usually made of the complete thickness of a limestone bed,  no more than 30 cm thick and in many cases much thinner.The presence of finely divided iron pyritesin some limestones breaks down yielding sulphuric acid upon weathering, thereby facilitating the decay and crumbling of the stone. Tendency to also weather along lamination planes. | One of the most important building stones within the UA areas, with key use as a walling stone. Usually laid in courses (coursed rubble or rough ashlar), which may be of different thicknesses, each course corresponding to blocks taken from a single bed of limestone. Also used for quoins and dressings, floor slabs and tombstones. | Banwell, east of Weston-super-Mare, and surrounding area. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
662 | Banwell Stone | 661 | Blue Lias | Narrow cross-cutting calcite veins along which the rock fails forming one face of the building block are common, usually weathered [NAME].  Blue Lias limestone from deeper modern quarries include in many cases a few blocks laid with such [NAME] veins visible to relieve the rather sombre grey appearance of Blue Lias limestone walling. When fresh, the rock is dark to light grey but it weathers fawn or [NAME].  Blocks with weathered fawn outer parts (including along joints) and grey interiors (blue-hearted) are common. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME], fawn. | BLUE LIAS FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some blocks have strong bedding lamination defined by colour and grain size.  Bedding may be accentuated by shell fragments lying in it. | Typically blue-grey or fawn, fine-grained, muddy (calcilutitic) limestone. Some limestones finely crystalline, hard and splintery, with bedding tops and bases either level or wavy; others flaggy composed of finely comminuted remains of fossil oysters and other bivalves in a limy-mud matrix. Individual grains cannot usually be resolved with a hand lens. Beds often fossiliferous with interbedded sparsely fossiliferous layers - although small shells are not uncommon. | Scaling of blocks is widespread. Building blocks are usually made of the complete thickness of a limestone bed,  no more than 30 cm thick and in many cases much thinner.The presence of finely divided iron pyritesin some limestones breaks down yielding sulphuric acid upon weathering, thereby facilitating the decay and crumbling of the stone. Tendency to also weather along lamination planes. | One of the most important building stones within the UA areas, with key use as a walling stone. Usually laid in courses (coursed rubble or rough ashlar), which may be of different thicknesses, each course corresponding to blocks taken from a single bed of limestone. Also used for quoins and dressings, floor slabs and tombstones. | Banwell, east of Weston-super-Mare, and surrounding area. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
663 | Harptree Beds | 1 | Harptree Stone | Thickness not known. Derived from local replacement (silicification) of [NAME] limestone, with which the Harptree Beds form a strongly sinuous boundary. | BROWN | Uniform | Pale to dark brownish | HARPTREE BEDS | TRIASSIC | CHERT | Fine grained | Tendency to be massive. | Brownish, very hard chert, with occasional moulds of shells | Hard, resiliant. | Used very locally as rough building stone. | Confined to southern edge of [NAME], on edge of UA boundary with Bristol UA. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
664 | [NAME] | 1 | Downside Stone | Thickness normally 3 to - 4.5 m, up to 8 - 10 m in the Pottershill-Downside area. Note: the conglomeratic Blue Lias marginal facies known as Downside Stone (= Chilcote Stone) was named and quarried from Downside near Shepton Mallet, and is not from the hamlet of the same name in the Lulsgate area. | GREY | Uniform | Pale grey to dark grey. | BROCKLEY DOWN LIMESTONE | TRIASSIC | LIMESTONE, BIOCLASTIC | Coarse grained | Very massive, hardly any bedding planes being visible at exposures. Current bedding is well developed locally (as at Winford) but is not common in more massive deposits. | Coarse-grained, detrital bioclastic limestones in which conspicuous bands of shell (bivalve) debris lie parallel to bedding, larger pieces of shell are infrequent. Typically porous and cavernous at outcrop, containing many solution cavities caused by the action of groundwater. Base usually conglomeratic, with angular or slightly rounded clasts of Carboniferous limestone (up to 30 cm in diameter). |  | Quarried chiefly from Downside and [NAME], and widely used for building locally. Stone from [NAME] was used in the construction of Old Bristol Bridge. | Occurs west of Dundry Hill, mainly west of a line from Barrow Gurney to Winford, principally in area around Bristol (Lulsgate) Airport, extending through Lulsgate Bottom, [NAME], Felton, west of Kingdown and north of [NAME]. To the north (Barrow Guerney) it interdigitates with normal basal 'Blue Lias' facies. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
665 | Downside Stone | 664 | [NAME] | Thickness normally 3 to - 4.5 m, up to 8 - 10 m in the Pottershill-Downside area. Note: the conglomeratic Blue Lias marginal facies known as Downside Stone (= Chilcote Stone) was named and quarried from Downside near Shepton Mallet, and is not from the hamlet of the same name in the Lulsgate area. | GREY | Uniform | Pale grey to dark grey. | BROCKLEY DOWN LIMESTONE | TRIASSIC | LIMESTONE, BIOCLASTIC | Coarse grained | Very massive, hardly any bedding planes being visible at exposures. Current bedding is well developed locally (as at Winford) but is not common in more massive deposits. | Coarse-grained, detrital bioclastic limestones in which conspicuous bands of shell (bivalve) debris lie parallel to bedding, larger pieces of shell are infrequent. Typically porous and cavernous at outcrop, containing many solution cavities caused by the action of groundwater. Base usually conglomeratic, with angular or slightly rounded clasts of Carboniferous limestone (up to 30 cm in diameter). |  | Quarried chiefly from Downside and [NAME], and widely used for building locally. Stone from [NAME] was used in the construction of Old Bristol Bridge. | Occurs west of Dundry Hill, mainly west of a line from Barrow Gurney to Winford, principally in area around Bristol (Lulsgate) Airport, extending through Lulsgate Bottom, [NAME], Felton, west of Kingdown and north of [NAME]. To the north (Barrow Guerney) it interdigitates with normal basal 'Blue Lias' facies. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
666 | White Lias | 1 |  | In many cases laid as random rubble with an effect like crazy-paving. The famous 'Cotham Marble' (or 'Landscape Marble') is a thin, pale algal limestone with a curious vermiform upper surface, which originates from the lower Lilstock Formation (Cotham Member). It is to soft to be used as an external stone but takes a good polish and is used in the construction of ornamental internal walls and decorations. | WHITE | Uniform | White, pale grey, cream-coloured. | LANGPORT MEMBER | TRIASSIC | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Uniform. Some beds exhibit fine parallel lamination, often more discernable on weathered surfaces. | Uniform, white or pale grey limestone (with mudstone partings in outcrop) and sugary texture in some cases. Tendency to be rubbly in the lower part, more regular, even-bedded in the upper part. Distinguished from Portland Stone by lack of oolitic texture and from [NAME] by coarser grain size, lack of faint nodular structure, lack of scaling and harder nature. | Fine-grained (porcellaneous) facies often very hard. Some facies are tabular, with parallel flat to undulatory, upper and lower surfaces. | Rubble walling and some ashlar. Favoured by Victorian builders and used for decorative polychrome effect in combination with Blue Lias limestone in some buildings. | Occurs beneath Blue Lias, near Banwell, east of Weston-super-Mare, and surrounding area. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Warrington et al, 1980; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
667 | Butcombe Sandstone | 1 | [NAME] sandstone |  | GREY | Uniform | Pale to dark grey-green | ARDEN SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Laminated and thinly interbedded sediments are commonly extensively bioturbated and show structures indicative of thixotropic deformation. The siltstones and finer sandstones show small-scale ripple drift cross bedding, sometimes mudcracks; thicker sandstone beds show trough and planar cross bedding. | Heterolithic, consisting of fine- to medium-grained varicoloured green, brown, [NAME] or mauve sandstones, interbedded with grey, green and purple mudstones and siltstones; beds of conglomerate occur locally. The proportion of fine to coarse clastics varies laterally within the Formation. The thicker sandstone units, and composed of several individual beds, and typically exhibit a lenticular geometry. Often associated wih celestine or gypsum-bearing layers. | Thicker, better cemented sandstone beds locally sufficiently hard to be used as building stone; softer layers susceptible to water erosion, solution of gypsum etc and development of cavities. | Very local use within outcrop area, mainly as rough buildling stone, walling stone and rubble stone. | Scattered, E-W linear outcrops, extending north of Churchill, through Wrington to northern end of [NAME], south-western corner of UA area. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Warrington et al, 1980; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
668 | Dolomitic Conglomerate | 1 | East Harptree Stone | A hard silicified facies is known to occur locally near West Harptree and East Harptree (East Harptree Stone). | GREY | Mottled | Pale to dark grey limestone fragments, set in reddish to reddish-black matrix, pinkish/reddish tinge. | MERCIA MUDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | CONGLOMERATE | Pebble grade | Usually fairly massive, but may exhibit coarse sets of truncated, bedding surfaces, occasional separated by very thin (up to 1cm) marl partings. | Clast-supported breccia or conglomerate composed of grey angular to subangular fragments of Carboniferous Limestone within a matrix of reddish to red-brown matrix of sandy marl or fine-grained limestone, overall effect is pinkish/pinkish-grey hue to rock. Limestone clasts usually 2-4cm diameter, but larger boulder-sized clasts occur. Characteristised by exhibiting secondary changes, in particular haematitization (which produces an intense red coloured 'earthy' iron-rich friable rock termed 'red ochre') and dolomitization (which typically turns the rock yellowish). | Becomes softer and friable, especially the cement matrix, upon weathering of haematitized and dolomitized forms of the rock. Black lichen growth typical of damp conditions. | Used as irregular building stone along outcrop. Also works readily into long pieces used as lintels, chimney pieces, gateposts and paving stones and rubblestone walling. | Large outcrop areas, essentially flanking (to north and south) and infilling coombes, within the large Carboniferous limestone inliers and ridges centered on Lulsgate-Felton, and Wraxhall-Failand-Leigh Woods. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993;  Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
669 | Pennant Sandstone | 1 |  | Member 425 - 650 m thick in [NAME], especially in Downend-Mangotsfield and Stapleton Hill area. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey, reddish. | DOWNEND MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Sandstones massive. | Greyish sandstone with some conglomerate and pebbly sandstone and sporadic grey or reddish fissile mudstone beds. Some thin workable coal seams are also present. Sandstone is typically a medium to coarse-grained lithic, feldspathic, micaceous arenite of 'Pennant-type'. | Sandstones, especially quartzitic sandstones, fairly hard and resistant. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Large outcrop/subcrop area, extending from West End through much of Nailsea. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway, 1970; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
670 | Nailsea Stone | 669 | Pennant Sandstone | Typically very thick sequences, up to 600 m +. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey. | DOWNEND MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding occurs in some units, other beds regularly bedded to massive. | Green-grey and blue-grey, feldspathic, micaceous, lithic arenites ('[NAME]' sandstones) of southerly provenance, with thin mudstone/siltstone and seatearth interbeds and mainly thin coals; the lithologies are commonly arranged in fining-upwards channel-fill sequences. | Sandstones, especially quartzitic sandstones, fairly hard and resistant. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Large outcrop/subcrop area, extending from West End through much of Nailsea. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Cleal & Thomas, 1996; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
671 | Millstone Grit | 1 | Millstone Grit Group | Formation 175 - 200 m thick in Bristol area. Sandstones rarely fossiliferous, very occasional goniatites. |  | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey. | MARROS GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones with erosive bases. | Hard, pale grey quartzitic sandstones (pebbly in places) with grey mudstones, seatearths and thin carbonaceous or coaly beds. Sandstones predominate in the middle of the sequence; cherty beds developed at base. Pebbly sandstones with clasts of white quartz, quartzite, chert, siderite ironstone and mudstone. | Quartzitic sandstones very hard and resistant. | Very locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Scattered, small outcrops north and northeast of [NAME], south of River Avon. (BGS - OK) | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1955, 1993; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
672 | Long Ashton Stone | 1 |  | Formation 175 - 200 m thick in Bristol area. Sandstones rarely fossiliferous, very occasional goniatites. |  | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey. | QUARTZITIC SANDSTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones with erosive bases. | Hard, pale grey quartzitic sandstones (pebbly in places) with grey mudstones, seatearths and thin carbonaceous or coaly beds. Sandstones predominate in the middle of the sequence; cherty beds developed at base. Pebbly sandstones with clasts of white quartz, quartzite, chert, siderite ironstone and mudstone. | Quartzitic sandstones very hard and resistant. | Very locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Scattered, small outcrops north and northeast of [NAME], south of River Avon. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1955, 1993; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
673 | [NAME] | 1 |  | Some beds tabular and blocky, and can be relatively easily dressed for ashlar. The very resistant chert bands are typically very conspicuous at weathered outcrops, and protrude like 'ribs'. | GREY | Uniform | Various shades of pale to dark grey, or almost blackish, [NAME] to near whitish; sometimes with dark oxide or yellowish ferruginous staining. | PEMBROKE LIMESTONE GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, but includes hummocky and cross-stratification; finer units are often laminated. | A complex, varied group of different limestone facies and formations are included within the term 'Carboniferous Limestone' - and the various lithologies have been given different stratigraphical names along the outcrop. They vary from pale grey to dark grey/blackish, fine grained homogeneous limestones through massive oolitic to bedded crinoidal limestones. Some horizons are dolomitized, or are cherty. Many of the limestones are highly fossiliferous, especially in brachiopod shells and corals (which can also be used to help identify the different lithologies). | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the recrystallised, massive lithologies, and particularly the siliceous, cherty bands. | Makes a durable building stone, the low porosity making it suitable for external buildings, as has low susceptibility to frost damage. One of the most extensively quarried stones in the Avon area, and widely used throughout the Mendip region. Also provides a characteristic dry walling stone (eg. north Mendip plateau area). Some limestones have been used as a local building stone and previously burnt for lime, but in common with many of the former stone quarries, they are now worked substantially for crushed rock / concrete aggregate and roadstone. | Wide areas of exposure, including 'Clevedon to Portishead Ridge'; [NAME] via [NAME] and south bank of River Avon; the large 'Lulsgate Inlier' area stretching from Congesbury to [NAME]'; the northern edge of the Mendip Ridge from near Banwell to [NAME]; the southern edge of the Mendip Ridge from crook Peak to [NAME]; Bleadon Hill and prominent headlands and inliers north of Weston-super-Mare from Birnbeck Island to Worle, and [NAME] to [NAME] Head. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Whittaker & Green, 1983; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
674 | Cromhall Sandstone | 1 | Upper, Middle and Lower Cromhall sandstones | Generally poorly exposed, best known in detail from south [NAME] area, where Ashton Park borehole proved thickness of 140 m for the upper Cromhall Sandstone. Formation thickest in the northern Bristol area. | BROWN | Uniform | Reddish-brown, yellowish-brown (ochreous), to dark grey; often pyritic giving strong red, orange colouration. | CROMHALL SANDSTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Regular, cyclic, fining-up sequences, topped by sandy seat earths. | Includes up to three tongues of sandstone units (formerly termed the lower, middle and upper [NAME]). The lower tongue comprises brown and red fine- to coarse-grained quartzitic sandstone with subordinate mudstones and sparse thin limestones. Base is locally conglomeratic. The middle tongue is similar but contains units of dolomitised limestone. The upper tongue comprises grey and red coarse-grained quartzitic sandstones, sandy crinoidal and oolitic limestones, mudstones, siltstones and grey seatearths arranged in cyclic sequences. Units of crinoidal and oolitic limestone are locally developed. | Relatively soft, susceptible to pyrite decay. | Local use only as a general building stone. | Small scattered exposures extending from near Long Ashton through Ashton Court Estate to River Avon. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
675 | Hotwells Limestone | 673 |  | Approximately up to 50 m thick, the thickest development occuring in the Broadfield Down area of Bristol (and [NAME]). Abundant fossil fauna of corals and thick-shelled brachiopods. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to blackish | OXWICH HEAD [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, but includes hummocky and cross-stratification; finer units are often laminated. | Fossiliferous, massive, grey crinoidal and oolitic bioclastic limestones, sometimes also flaggy, black splintery limestones with chert nodules and seams. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the recrystallised, massive lithologies, and particularly the siliceous, cherty bands. | Some beds tabular and blocky, and can be relatively easily dressed for ashlar. The very resistant chert bands are typically very conspicuous at weathered outcrops, and protrude like 'ribs'. | Scattered small outcrops on southern fringes of 'Lulsgate Inlier'between Congresbury and Winford Manor (but much obscured by Triassic Dolomitic Conglomerate); also as a band extending from Gatcombe and Ashton Hill Plantation, narrowing north of [NAME] and extending to River Avon south of [NAME]. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992: Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
676 | [NAME] | 673 | [NAME] | Type section within the Avon Gorge, where the formation reaches 190 m thick. Sparsely fossiliferous, except some bands locally crowded with corals and brachiopods; algal limestones distinctive. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to dark grey, or   blackish | CLIFTON DOWN LIMESTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, but includes hummocky and cross-stratification; finer units are often algal and laminated. | Basal sequence comprises well-bedded calcareous and dolomitic mudstones with poorly-sorted bioclastic limestones; these pass up into algal limestones ('[NAME]) and cross-bedded ooids ('[NAME]) topped by thick calcareous algal mudstones ('Concretionary Beds') with a widespread erosion surface at the top. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features in thicker limestone beds. | Used locally as a building stone, along the outcrop area. | Narrow semi-continuous band on northern edge of Mendip Ridge near Banwell to south of [NAME]; extensive exposures on perimeter of 'Lulsgate Inlier' stretching from near Barrow Gurney via Backwell Hill, Brockley, to near Yatton and Congresbury, then eastwards near Udley and [NAME] to Kingdown and Winford Manor; also as a band extending from north of [NAME] (Stone edge [NAME]) through Failand and [NAME] to River Avon; also small exposures north of Worle. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Whittaker & Green, 1983; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
677 | [NAME] | 673 |  | Full sequence exposed in Weston-Milton area, where it reaches 70 m in thickness. |  | Uniform | Dark grey to black | GOBLIN COMBE OOLITE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Medium grained | Cross-bedding occasionally visible on suitably weathered surfaces. | Pale grey to grey, thick-bedded to massive, medium- to coarse-grained oolite and ooidal limestone with lenses of crinoidal limestone; individual beds vary from oolites with scattered crinoid debris, to pure crinoidal limestones. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. | Used locally as a building and walling stone, along the outcrop area. | Edges of Bleadon Hill, and E-W trending coastal outcrop north of Weston-super-Mare, at Birnbeck Island to Worle; also on mid northern and southern sides of 'Lulsgate Inlier' (Barrow Hill, Backwell Hill, [NAME], and [NAME] respectively); also as a narrow discontinuous band extending from north of Tickenham and Failand through Abbots Leigh area to River Avon. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Whittaker & Green, 1983; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
678 | [NAME] | 673 |  | Poorly fossiliferous in lower parts, occasional corals; upper parts with more fossil corals and chonetid brachiopods. |  | Uniform | Dark grey to black | HIGH TOR LIMESTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Locally cross-bedded and bioturbation features. | Pale to dark grey, predominantly thick-bedded in the lower part, fine- to coarse-grained, bioclastic and oolitic limestones (skeletal packstones and grainstones), with thin beds and partings of shaly dolomite mudstone and siltstone. Some thin-bedded dark grey bituminous skeletal packstones interbedded with thin argallaceous wackestones and mudstones. Upper parts thinner-bedded. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. | Used locally as a building and walling stone, along the outcrop area. | E-W trending coastal outcrops north of Weston-super-Mare, at Birnbeck Island to north [NAME], and [NAME] to [NAME] Head. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Whittaker & Green, 1983 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
679 | [NAME] | 673 |  | Apart from a small area in North Somerset between Bleadon and the coast, the Gully Oolite, [NAME] and [NAME] of the 'Bristol-Broadfield Down-Weston area' come together to form the Burrington Oolite. | GREY | Uniform | Normally light grey | BURRINGTON OOLITE SUBGROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Often massively bedded, and exhibiting current bedding. | Light grey, massive oolitic and crinoidal limestones, the upper parts with occasional pale grey calcite-mudstone bands, or oolitic limestone pebbles or calcite-mudstone pellets. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. | Used locally as a building and walling stone, along the outcrop area. | Northern and southern fringes of Bleadon Hill, south and east of Hutton, and Loxton respectively; also as a semi-continuous band on northern edge of Mendip Ridge near Banwell to south of Blagdon. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
680 | Gully Oolite | 673 | [NAME] | Sparsely fossiliferous, although locally in the north Bristol to Tytherington area,the base of the Formation is characterised by a 5 m thick, [NAME], well-sorted, crinoidal limestone (called the Sub-Oolite Bed) which contains abundant brachiopods. |  | Uniform | Typically whitish | GULLY OOLITE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Cross lamination, cross-bedding, some bioturbation structures. | Massively bedded (occasionally medium- to thick-bedded), pale grey or pinkish, oolitic grainstone with subordinate beds of fine-grained skeletal packstones. Locally dolomitized or traversed by strong joints; a palaeokarstic surface overlain by a green/red mudstone/clay palaeosol caps the Formation. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the dolomitized bands. | Used locally as a building and walling stone, along the outcrop area. | Small narrow exposures in E-W trending coastal outcrops north of Weston-super-Mare, at Birnbeck Island to north [NAME], and [NAME] to [NAME] Head. also on mid northern side of 'Lulsgate Inlier' (Barrow Hill, Backwell Hill and [NAME]); also as a very narrow and discontinuous band extending from north of Failand through Abbots Leigh area to River Avon. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Whittaker & Green, 1983; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
681 | Black Rock Limestone | 673 | Black Rock dolomite | Fossils abundant, especially corals, brachiopods Formation thickens from west to east, 250 to 370 m; approximately 150 m thick in the Bristol area. | GREY | Uniform | Dark grey to black | BLACK ROCK LIMESTONE SUBGROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, includes massive and thin-bedded types | Predominantly dark grey to black, well-bedded, fine-grained limestones with abundant crinoidal debris (packstones and wackestones). Coarser-grained crinoidal limestones occur in the lower third. At least two distinct chert horizons occur; the upper parts of the formation are also commonly dolomitized. Dolomitized limestones are very hard and tend to stand out as strong features. Shaly partings are common in the lower and middle parts of the succession. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the siliceous, cherty horizons and dolomitized bands | Widely quarried, and used locally as a building stone, along the outcrop area. | Central area of Bleadon Hill, and [NAME], north of Sand Bay; southern edge of Mendip Ridge from Crook Peak to north of Axbridge, northern edge of Mendip Ridge near Winscombe to near Churchill, via [NAME] to near Blagdon. Also central area of 'Lulsgate Inlier' centered on Lulsgate Airport and Lulsgate Bottom; also '[NAME] to Portishead Ridge' and stretching in a continuous band from Clevedon, south of [NAME], north of Failand to Ashton Court and south bank of River Avon. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | [NAME], 1965; Green, 1992; Whittaker & Green, 1983; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
682 | Abbots Leigh Stone | 673 |  | Fossils abundant, especially corals, brachiopods Formation thickens from west to east, 250 to 370 m; approximately 150 m thick in Bristol area. | GREY | Uniform | Dark grey to black | BLACK ROCK LIMESTONE SUBGROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, includes massive and thin-bedded types | Predominantly dark grey to black, well-bedded, fine-grained limestones with abundant crinoidal debris (packstones and wackestones). Coarser-grained crinoidal limestones occur in the lower third. At least two distinct chert horizons occur; the upper parts of the formation are also commonly dolomitized. Dolomitized limestones are very hard and tend to stand out as strong features. Shaly partings are common in the lower and middle parts of the succession. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the siliceous, cherty horizons and dolomitized bands | Widely quarried, and used locally as a building stone, along the outcrop area. | [NAME] area, adjoining Leigh Wood and southern bank of River Avon (local name for Black Rock Limestone facies). | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | [NAME], 1965; Green, 1992; Whittaker & Green, 1983; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
683 | [NAME] | 673 |  | Fossils abundant, especially corals, brachiopods Formation thickens from west to east, 250 to 370 m; approximately 150 m thick in Bristol area. | GREY | Uniform | Dark grey to black | BLACK ROCK LIMESTONE SUBGROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, includes massive and thin-bedded types | Predominantly dark grey to black, well-bedded, fine-grained limestones with abundant crinoidal debris (packstones and wackestones). Coarser-grained crinoidal limestones occur in the lower third. At least two distinct chert horizons occur; the upper parts of the formation are also commonly dolomitized. Dolomitized limestones are very hard and tend to stand out as strong features. Shaly partings are common in the lower and middle parts of the succession. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the siliceous, cherty horizons and dolomitized bands | Widely quarried, and used locally as a building stone, along the outcrop area. | [NAME] area (local name for Black Rock Limestone facies). | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | [NAME], 1965; Green, 1992; Whittaker & Green, 1983; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
684 | Upper Old Red Sandstone | 1 |  | Approximately 240 to 275 m thick; fossil fish faunas occur at some levels. Conglomeratic lenticular horizons traceable over considerable distances in Failand area. Formation splits laterally into Tintern Sandstone and Quartz Conglomerate in Buckover area and Forest of Dean. | RED | Uniform | Purple-red, dark greenish, dark red | PORTISHEAD [NAME] | DEVONIAN | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Most beds characteristically strongly lenticular, especially sandstones. Upward fining sequences also present. | Variable lithology, but red, reddish-purple, yellow and pale grey fine-grained quartzose sandstones dominate. Pebbly conglomerates occur at intervals, the pebbles comprising mostly augen quartz and dark brown quartzite, but jasper, chert, mica schist and silicified igneous rock also present. Red and green mudstones and marls occur interbedded with coarser units. | Quartz-dominated conglomerates and quartzose sandstones fairly hard and resistant. | Used along outcrop length as a general purpose building and walling stone. Formerly quarried as a building stone in several locations, especially in the Abbot's Leigh area. | Elongated, mainly coastal outcrop at (and under) Portishead extending southwest to near [NAME] (the Clevedon-Portishead Ridge); and Failand-Abbot's Leigh areas, extending to the southern bank of the River Avon. | 2010-10-19 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Williams & Hancock, in Savage, 1977; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
685 | Portishead Sandstone | 684 | Upper Old Red Sandstone | Approximately 240 to 275 m thick; fossil fish faunas occur at some levels. Conglomeratic lenticular horizons traceable over considerable distances in Failand area. Formation splits laterally into Tintern Sandstone and Quartz Conglomerate in Buckover area and Forest of Dean. | RED | Uniform | Purple-red, dark greenish, dark red | PORTISHEAD [NAME] | DEVONIAN | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Most beds characteristically strongly lenticular, especially sandstones. Upward fining sequences also present. | Variable lithology, but red, reddish-purple, yellow and pale grey fine-grained quartzose sandstones dominate. Pebbly conglomerates occur at intervals, the pebbles comprising mostly augen quartz and dark brown quartzite, but jasper, chert, mica schist and silicified igneous rock also present. Red and green mudstones and marls occur interbedded with coarser units. | Quartz-dominated conglomerates and quartzose sandstones fairly hard and resistant. | Used along outcrop length as a general purpose building and walling stone. Formerly quarried as a building stone in several locations, especially in the Abbot's Leigh area. | Elongated, mainly coastal outcrop at (and under) Portishead extending southwest to near [NAME] (the Clevedon-Portishead Ridge); and Failand-Abbot's Leigh areas, extending to the southern bank of the River Avon. | 2010-10-19 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Williams & Hancock, in Savage, 1977; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
686 | Devonian sandstone | 1 | Lower Old Red Sandstone | Approximately 600-650 m thick. Fossil fish debris locally abundant. | PURPLE | Mottled | Purplish red | BEACON LIMESTONE FORMATION | DEVONIAN | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Upward fining sequences (up to several metres thick): basal conglomerate - current-bedded channel sandstones - siltstones - mudstones. | Dingy, purplish-red, current bedded sandstones and mudstones with much green mottling. When fresh, the rock is slightly calcareous, and bands of conglomeratic dolomitic concretions (calcrete or cornstones) are sporadically developed in lower parts of the formation. Thin wisps and strings of dark cherty pebbles are locally present. The proportion of sandstone to mudstone increases upwards in the succession. | Relatively soft; lower calcareous units tend to be more resistant and harder. | Very local use as general rubblestone and walling stone. | The largest outcrop of the Black Nore Sandstone occurs in the Portbury-Failand area extending to the southern bank of the River Avon, but the beds also occur in coastal sections between [NAME] and [NAME], near [NAME] (including Black Nore promontory). | 2010-10-19 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1955, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
687 | Black Nore Sandstone | 686 | Lower Old Red Sandstone | Approximately 600-650 m thick. Fossil fish debris locally abundant. | PURPLE | Mottled | Purplish red | BEACON LIMESTONE FORMATION | DEVONIAN | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Upward fining sequences (up to several metres thick): basal conglomerate - current-bedded channel sandstones - siltstones - mudstones. | Dingy, purplish-red, current bedded sandstones and mudstones with much green mottling. When fresh, the rock is slightly calcareous, and bands of conglomeratic dolomitic concretions (calcrete or cornstones) are sporadically developed in lower parts of the formation. Thin wisps and strings of dark cherty pebbles are locally present. The proportion of sandstone to mudstone increases upwards in the succession. | Relatively soft; lower calcareous units tend to be more resistant and harder. | Very local use as general rubblestone and walling stone. | The largest outcrop of the Black Nore Sandstone occurs in the Portbury-Failand area extending to the southern bank of the River Avon, but the beds also occur in coastal sections between [NAME] and [NAME], near [NAME] (including Black Nore promontory). | 2010-10-19 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1955, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
689 | Great Oolite | 1 |  |  |  | Uniform | Cream, pale grey, pale brownish yellow, pale orange yellow | GREAT OOLITE GROUP | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, OOIDAL | Medium grained | Cross bedding occurs in some units, other beds regularly bedded to massive. Burrows and irregular brownish, iron-stained discontinuity surfaces common at some horizons. | Regularly bedded to massive, cream to pale coloured oolitic limestones, sometimes slabby with undulating surfaces. Sandy in places, occasionally ferruginous. Includes famous oolitic freestones of the Bath area. | Susceptible to darker/blackish staining in (urban) areas with high air pollution levels and similarly stained where subject to water run-off. | Include one of the most important building stone lithologies within BaNES and South Gloucestershire UAs, including world famous and renowned oolitic freestones such as Bath Stone and [NAME], which have been used for many prestigious buildings nationally (eg. London) and also exported. | Continuous belt of exposure along entire length of eastern UA, approximately 5- 6 km wide, extending from Cold Ashton and [NAME] in south east to area around Hawkesbury Upton in north east UA. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Arkell, 1933; Green & Donovan, 1969; [NAME], 1977; [NAME] et al, 1980; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
690 | Forest Marble | 689 |  |  | GREY | Uniform | [NAME], greenish grey, orange | FOREST MARBLE FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, BIOCLASTIC | Fine grained | Tabular or trough-cross stratification common in thick units, sometimes with elongate erosional scours; ripple-cross lamination and trace fossil trails occur in calcareous sandstones. Limestones are packed with fossil bivalves which lie parallel with the bedding, and are clearly winnowed. | Variable lithology with predominance of limestone, main lithology is a greenish-grey sandy, locally calcareous, mudstone. Sandy mudstone is characteristic of the lower part of the Formation; orange, calcareous sandstone is common throughout the sequence as thin wisps, lenses, laminae and beds. Laterally impersistent limestones also occur throughout the sequence, but especially in the upper part, and vary from cross-bedded, sparsely oolitic and oyster-rich to massively-bedded, very shelly, blue-hearted sparites. A distinctive yellowish-grey shelly micrite (the 'Boueti Bed') lies at the base of the Formation. |  | Used locally for houses and walls along the outcrop. Extensive use for rubble walling, some ashlar, stone tiles for roofing; larger flagstones utilised for bridging ditches. | Surface outcrop in south eastern part of UA, around [NAME] and extending north towards Great Badminton. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
691 | Athelstan Oolite | 689 | Bath Stone and Lower Rags | Varies from 3 to 20 m. | WHITE | Uniform | Cream to pale yellow | [NAME] | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, OOIDAL | Medium grained | Typically fine textured, rarely cross bedded. | White to pale yellow, poorly fossiliferous ooid-grainstones and ooidal limestones,often with millet-seed type ooliths. Fragmented shell debris occurs in bands or streaks, but is not common. In the southwest, the oolites are generally well sorted, medium-grained and massive. Generally capped by bored, encrusted hardground. | Weathering qualities relatively poor compared to other Great Oolite limestones. | Limited local use, mainly as wall stone. | North eastern corner of the UA, essentially a continuation of the belt of Great Oolite strata which passes into the Athelstan Formation around Great Badminton and extends via Hawkesbury Upton into Gloucestershire. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Green, 1992 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
692 | Inferior Oolite | 1 |  | Stone is characterised by dispersed white crinoid ossicles up to 2mm across.  These coarser grains,  the colour and the smaller size of the building blocks distinguish Inferior Oolite limestone from other oolitic limestones. Often highly fossiliferous, especially brachiopods, mollusc shells and ammonites. | YELLOW | Uniform | [NAME], ochre, pale yellow to cream or whitish, pale grey to pale brownish. | INFERIOR OOLITE GROUP | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, OOIDAL | Medium grained | Usually rubbly, nodular and relatively poorly-bedded, but this varies depending on the facies, some of which include hummocky and cross-stratified units, oolitic shoals, fining-up sequences etc. | The Inferior Oolite varies markedly and irregularly in thickness and lithology across the outcrop area. Generally it comprises [NAME], grey-centered shelly, rubbly to nodular sandy limestones interbedded with [NAME], more massive, sandy, ferruginous oolitic limestones. | Variable, the better cemented, more regular limestones being more resistant than sandy lithologies. | Widely but locally quarried and used along the outcrop, especially for rubblestone walling and some ashlar. | Narrow N-S trending belt, varying from 0.5 to 1 km wide, extending all along eastern side of UA, from Lower Hamswell in the south, running from east of Old Sodbury and Doddington, via Little Sodbury-Grickstone, to near Inglestone Common and Hawkesbury Upton in the north. | 2010-10-20 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
693 | Marlstone | 1 | Cephalopod Limestone |  | GREY | Uniform | Characteristically ferruginous weathering, rusty brown, pale fawn, [NAME]. | BEACON LIMESTONE FORMATION | JURASSIC | NOT ENTERED | Fine grained | Mostly massive. | Grey to rusty-brown , ferruginous shelly, calcarenite to silty limestone, locally oolitic and iron-shot, occasionally with mudstone clasts and pebbles; may pass into a more massive, grey-brown ferruginous sandy limestone with clay partings. Highly fossiliferous, often crowded with belemnites, brachiopods and bivalves. | Fairly hard, resistant. | Used very locally along outcrop length, for variety of purposes particularly rubblestone, walling and some ashlar. | Small scattered outcrops on southern border of UA near Bitton and Upton Cheyney, and in narrow N-S trending belt extending from Lower Hamswell via Doddington, Old Sodbury and [NAME] to Hawkesbury Knott. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
694 | Blue Lias | 1 |  | Narrow cross-cutting calcite veins along which the rock fails forming one face of the building block are common, usually weathered [NAME].  Blue Lias limestone from deeper modern quarries include in many cases a few blocks laid with such [NAME] veins visible to relieve the rather sombre grey appearance of Blue Lias limestone walling. When fresh, the rock is dark to light grey but it weathers fawn or [NAME].  Blocks with weathered fawn outer parts (including along joints) and grey interiors (blue-hearted) are common. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME], fawn. | BLUE LIAS FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some blocks have strong bedding lamination defined by colour and grain size.  Bedding may be accentuated by shell fragments lying in it. | Typically blue-grey or fawn, fine-grained, muddy (calcilutitic) limestone. Some limestones finely crystalline, hard and splintery, with bedding tops and bases either level or wavy; others flaggy composed of finely comminuted remains of fossil oysters and other bivalves in a limy-mud matrix. Individual grains cannot usually be resolved with a hand lens. Beds often fossiliferous with interbedded sparsely fossiliferous layers - although small shells are not uncommon. | Scaling of blocks is widespread. Building blocks are usually made of the complete thickness of a limestone bed,  no more than 30 cm thick and in many cases much thinner.The presence of finely divided iron pyritesin some limestones breaks down yielding sulphuric acid upon weathering, thereby facilitating the decay and crumbling of the stone. Tendency to also weather along lamination planes. | One of the most important building stones within the UA areas, with key use as a walling stone. Usually laid in courses (coursed rubble or rough ashlar), which may be of different thicknesses, each course corresponding to blocks taken from a single bed of limestone. Also used for quoins and dressings, floor slabs and tombstones. | N-S trending belt through eastern central area of UA, extending from near Upton Cheyney via Doynton, Pucklechurch, [NAME], [NAME] to east of Wickwar. Also in western area of UA extending through Patchway, [NAME]'s Earthcott and Rudgeway. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
695 | White Lias | 1 |  | In many cases laid as random rubble with an effect like crazy-paving. The famous 'Cotham Marble' (or 'Landscape Marble') is a thin, pale algal limestone with a curious vermiform upper surface, which originates from the lower Lilstock Formation (Cotham Member). It is to soft to be used as an external stone but takes a good polish and is used in the construction of ornamental internal walls and decorations. | WHITE | Uniform | White, pale grey, cream-coloured. | LANGPORT MEMBER | TRIASSIC | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Uniform. Some beds exhibit fine parallel lamination, often more discernable on weathered surfaces. | Uniform, white or pale grey limestone (with mudstone partings in outcrop) and sugary texture in some cases. Tendency to be rubbly in the lower part, more regular, even-bedded in the upper part. Distinguished from Portland Stone by lack of oolitic texture and from [NAME] by coarser grain size, lack of faint nodular structure, lack of scaling and harder nature. | Fine-grained (porcellaneous) facies often very hard. Some facies are tabular, with parallel flat to undulatory, upper and lower surfaces. | Rubble walling and some ashlar. Favoured by Victorian builders and used for decorative polychrome effect in combination with Blue Lias limestone in some buildings. | Occurs beneath Blue Lias, at edge of a N-S trending belt through eastern central area of UA, extending from near Upton Cheyney via Doynton, Pucklechurch, [NAME], [NAME] to east of Wickwar. Also in western area of UA extending through Patchway, [NAME]'s Earthcott and Rudgeway. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Warrington et al, 1980; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
696 | Dolomitic Conglomerate | 1 | East Harptree Stone | A hard silicified facies is known to occur locally near West Harptree and East Harptree (East Harptree Stone). | GREY | Mottled | Pale to dark grey limestone fragments, set in reddish to reddish-black matrix, pinkish/reddish tinge. | MERCIA MUDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | CONGLOMERATE | Pebble grade | Usually fairly massive, but may exhibit coarse sets of truncated, bedding surfaces, occasional separated by very thin (up to 1cm) marl partings. | Clast-supported breccia or conglomerate composed of grey angular to subangular fragments of Carboniferous Limestone within a matrix of reddish to red-brown matrix of sandy marl or fine-grained limestone, overall effect is pinkish/pinkish-grey hue to rock. Limestone clasts usually 2-4cm diameter, but larger boulder-sized clasts occur. Characteristised by exhibiting secondary changes, in particular haematitization (which produces an intense red coloured 'earthy' iron-rich friable rock termed 'red ochre') and dolomitization (which typically turns the rock yellowish). | Becomes softer and friable, especially the cement matrix, upon weathering of haematitized and dolomitized forms of the rock. Black lichen growth typical of damp conditions. | Used as irregular building stone along outcrop. Also works readily into long pieces used as lintels, chimney pieces, gateposts and paving stones and rubblestone walling. | Two inliers, one in and north of Thornbury, the other located between [NAME] and [NAME]. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993;  Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
697 | Almondsbury Stone | 696 |  |  | GREY | Mottled | Pale to dark grey limestone fragments, set in reddish to reddish-black matrix, pinkish/reddish tinge. | MERCIA MUDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | CONGLOMERATE | Pebble grade | Usually fairly massive, but may exhibit coarse sets of truncated, bedding surfaces, occasional separated by very thin (up to 1cm) marl partings. | Clast-supported breccia or conglomerate composed of grey angular to subangular fragments of Carboniferous Limestone within a matrix of reddish to red-brown matrix of sandy marl or fine-grained limestone, overall effect is pinkish/pinkish-grey hue to rock. Limestone clasts usually 2-4cm diameter, but larger boulder-sized clasts occur. Characteristised by exhibiting secondary changes, in particular haematitization (which produces an intense red coloured 'earthy' iron-rich friable rock termed 'red ochre') and dolomitization (which typically turns the rock yellowish). | Becomes softer and friable, especially the cement matrix, upon weathering of haematitized and dolomitized forms of the rock. Black lichen growth typical of damp conditions. | Used locally as irregular building stone. | Almondsbury, west of main junction of M4 and M5. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993;  Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
698 | Redcliffe Sandstone | 1 |  | Locally exceeds 50 m in thickness. Unfossiliferous. The brilliant red sandy soil developed on the crop of Redcliffe Sandstone is recorded in the names of districts such as [NAME]. | RED | Uniform | Dark red, brownish, ochreous | REDCLIFFE SANDSTONE | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Fine grained |  | Dark red to [NAME] or fawn calcareous and highly ferruginous sandstones, distinctive fine- to medium grained. Thins to north, (Tockington), where it is represented by a thin calcareous sandstone interbedded with red sandy marl beneath the main mass of red [NAME]. | Cementation irregularly developed, decalcified Redcliffe Sandstone being soft and friable when dry and quickly breaks down when water saturated. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop area. | Narrow outcrop belt, up to 0.5 km wide, extending from north Bristol (Frenchay) to just north of Winterbourne. Most northern exposure is at Tockington. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
699 | Barren Red Measures | 1 | Pennant Sandstone | Up to 425m in the [NAME] part of the Somerset [NAME]. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey. | FARRINGTON MEMBER AND BARREN RED MEMBER (UNDIFFERENTIATED) | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones typically poorly bedded, relatively thin. | Predominantly argillaceous, grey mudstone with subordinate greyish sandstone (lithic, feldspathic, micaceous arenite of 'Pennant type') beds and numerous thin coal seams associated with comparatively thick seatearth clays. | Sandstones fairly hard and resistant. | Very locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Large elleptical N-S trending exposure stretching from [NAME] to Pucklechurch and Henfield to Westerleigh. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway, 1970; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
700 | Pennant Sandstone | 1 | Pennant Sandstone | Typically very thick sequences, up to 600 m +. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey. | PENNANT SANDSTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding occurs in some units, other beds regularly bedded to massive. | Green-grey and blue-grey, feldspathic, micaceous, lithic arenites ('[NAME]' sandstones) of southerly provenance, with thin mudstone/siltstone and seatearth interbeds and mainly thin coals; the lithologies are commonly arranged in fining-upwards channel-fill sequences. | Sandstones, especially quartzitic sandstones, fairly hard and resistant. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Area southwest of Kingswood, immediately adjacent to Bristol UA boundary (River Avon), in far south-west corner of South Gloucestershire UA. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Cleal & Thomas, 1996; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
701 | [NAME] | 700 | Pennant Sandstone | Typically very thick sequences, up to 600 m +. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey. | PENNANT SANDSTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding occurs in some units, other beds regularly bedded to massive. | Green-grey and blue-grey, feldspathic, micaceous, lithic arenites ('[NAME]' sandstones) of southerly provenance, with thin mudstone/siltstone and seatearth interbeds and mainly thin coals; the lithologies are commonly arranged in fining-upwards channel-fill sequences. | Sandstones, especially quartzitic sandstones, fairly hard and resistant. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Area southwest of Kingswood, immediately adjacent to Bristol UA boundary (River Avon), in far south-west corner of South Gloucestershire UA. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Cleal & Thomas, 1996; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
702 | [NAME] | 700 | Pennant Sandstone | Typically very thick sequences, up to 600 m +. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey. | PENNANT SANDSTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding occurs in some units, other beds regularly bedded to massive. | Green-grey and blue-grey, feldspathic, micaceous, lithic arenites ('[NAME]' sandstones) of southerly provenance, with thin mudstone/siltstone and seatearth interbeds and mainly thin coals; the lithologies are commonly arranged in fining-upwards channel-fill sequences. | Sandstones, especially quartzitic sandstones, fairly hard and resistant. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Area southwest of Kingswood, immediately adjacent to Bristol UA boundary (River Avon), in far south-west corner of South Gloucestershire UA. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Cleal & Thomas, 1996; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
703 | Pennant Sandstone | 700 | [NAME] Member | Member up to 580 m thick at [NAME] to Engine Common near [NAME]; 450 m proved in the type area at Mangotsfield. | GREY | Uniform | Distinctive red to purple colour. | [NAME] MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones predominantly cross-bedded. | Predominantly lithic, feldspathic, micaceous, arenite of 'Pennant-type' sandstone in the lower part, and an upper part with [NAME] fissile mudstone beds, interbedded with greyish sandstone and sparse coal seams. The sandstone weathers to a distinctive red to purple colour. | Sandstones, especially quartzitic sandstones, fairly hard and resistant. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | South-western part of UA, between South Kingswood and Oldland, also Winterbourne to Mangotsfield areas, and extending through Frampton Cotterell via Rangeworthy to Nibley and [NAME]. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway, 1970; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Cleal & Thomas, 1996; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
704 | Pennant Sandstone | 700 | Downend Member | Member 425 - 650 m thick in [NAME], especially in Downend-Mangotsfield and Stapleton Hill area. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey, reddish. | DOWNEND MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Sandstones massive. | Greyish sandstone with some conglomerate and pebbly sandstone and sporadic grey or reddish fissile mudstone beds. Some thin workable coal seams are also present. Sandstone is typically a medium to coarse-grained lithic, feldspathic, micaceous arenite of 'Pennant-type'. | Sandstones, especially quartzitic sandstones, fairly hard and resistant. | Locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | South-western part of UA, south of Kingswood between [NAME] and [NAME]; also Winterbourne to Mangotsfield areas. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway, 1970; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
705 | Millstone Grit | 1 | Millstone Grit Group | Formation 175 - 200 m thick in Bristol area. Sandstones rarely fossiliferous, very occasional goniatites. |  | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish grey. | MARROS GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones with erosive bases. | Hard, pale grey quartzitic sandstones (pebbly in places) with grey mudstones, seatearths and thin carbonaceous or coaly beds. Sandstones predominate in the middle of the sequence; cherty beds developed at base. Pebbly sandstones with clasts of white quartz, quartzite, chert, siderite ironstone and mudstone. | Quartzitic sandstones very hard and resistant. | Very locally used as rough building stone throughout outcrop. | Semi-circular, narrow outcrop, stretching from Tytherington, via [NAME] and west of West End and Hall End towards [NAME]. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1955, 1993; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
706 | [NAME] | 1 |  | Some beds tabular and blocky, and can be relatively easily dressed for ashlar. The very resistant chert bands are typically very conspicuous at weathered outcrops, and protrude like 'ribs'. | GREY | Uniform | Various shades of pale to dark grey, or almost blackish, [NAME] to near whitish; sometimes with dark oxide or yellowish ferruginous staining. | PEMBROKE LIMESTONE GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, but includes hummocky and cross-stratification; finer units are often laminated. | A complex, varied group of different limestone facies and formations are included within the term 'Carboniferous Limestone' - and the various lithologies have been given different stratigraphical names along the outcrop. They vary from pale grey to dark grey/blackish, fine grained homogeneous limestones through massive oolitic to bedded crinoidal limestones. Some horizons are dolomitized, or are cherty. Many of the limestones are highly fossiliferous, especially in brachiopod shells and corals (which can also be used to help identify the different lithologies). | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the recrystallised, massive lithologies, and particularly the siliceous, cherty bands. | Makes a durable building stone, the low porosity making it suitable for external buildings, as has low susceptibility to frost damage. One of the most extensively quarried stones in the Avon area, and widely used throughout the Mendip region. Also provides a characteristic dry walling stone (eg. north Mendip plateau area). Some limestones have been used as a local building stone and previously burnt for lime, but in common with many of the former stone quarries, they are now worked substantially for crushed rock / concrete aggregate and roadstone. | Exposures running from Olveston, Alveston and Almondsbury areas, via Tytherington and [NAME] (where the outcrop widens), and then as narrow strip heading south west of Wickwar towards [NAME]. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Whittaker & Green, 1983; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
707 | Cromhall Sandstone | 1 | Upper, Middle and Lower Cromhall sandstones | Generally poorly exposed, best known in detail from south [NAME] area, where Ashton Park borehole proved thickness of 140 m for the upper Cromhall Sandstone. Formation thickest in the northern Bristol area. | BROWN | Uniform | Reddish-brown, yellowish-brown (ochreous), to dark grey; often pyritic giving strong red, orange colouration. | CROMHALL SANDSTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Regular, cyclic, fining-up sequences, topped by sandy seat earths. | Includes up to three tongues of sandstone units (formerly termed the lower, middle and upper [NAME]). The lower tongue comprises brown and red fine- to coarse-grained quartzitic sandstone with subordinate mudstones and sparse thin limestones. Base is locally conglomeratic. The middle tongue is similar but contains units of dolomitised limestone. The upper tongue comprises grey and red coarse-grained quartzitic sandstones, sandy crinoidal and oolitic limestones, mudstones, siltstones and grey seatearths arranged in cyclic sequences. Units of crinoidal and oolitic limestone are locally developed. | Relatively soft, susceptible to pyrite decay. | Local use only as a general building stone. | Narrow strip extending from Olveston and Old Down through [NAME] and Tytherington to Cromhall (where outcrop widens) and then southwards via West end to [NAME], although the outcrop in these areas is much obscured by younger [NAME] and drift deposits. Small isolated exposure also occur near Almondsbury, Rudgeway and west of [NAME]. | 2010-10-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
708 | Hotwells Limestone | 706 |  | Approximately up to 50 m thick, the thickest development occuring in the Broadfield Down area of Bristol (and [NAME]). Abundant fossil fauna of corals and thick-shelled brachiopods. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to blackish | OXWICH HEAD [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, but includes hummocky and cross-stratification; finer units are often laminated. | Fossiliferous, massive, grey crinoidal and oolitic bioclastic limestones, sometimes also flaggy, black splintery limestones with chert nodules and seams. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the recrystallised, massive lithologies, and particularly the siliceous, cherty bands. | Some beds tabular and blocky, and can be relatively easily dressed for ashlar. The very resistant chert bands are typically very conspicuous at weathered outcrops, and protrude like 'ribs'. | Small isolated linear exposure east of Almondsbury and west of [NAME]. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Green, 1992: Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
709 | [NAME] | 706 | [NAME] | Type section within the Avon Gorge, where the formation reaches 190 m thick. Sparsely fossiliferous, except some bands locally crowded with corals and brachiopods; algal limestones distinctive. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to dark grey, or   blackish | CLIFTON DOWN LIMESTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, but includes hummocky and cross-stratification; finer units are often algal and laminated. | Basal sequence comprises well-bedded calcareous and dolomitic mudstones with poorly-sorted bioclastic limestones; these pass up into algal limestones ('[NAME]) and cross-bedded ooids ('[NAME]) topped by thick calcareous algal mudstones ('Concretionary Beds') with a widespread erosion surface at the top. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features in thicker limestone beds. | Used locally as a building stone, along the outcrop area. | Exposures stretching from Elberton, Overston and Woodhouse Down eastwards via [NAME] and Tytherington to Cromhall, then heading southwards and thinning to a narrow exposure strip running east of Wickwar to near Chipping Sodbury. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Whittaker & Green, 1983; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
710 | Gully Oolite | 706 | [NAME] | Sparsely fossiliferous, although locally in the north Bristol to Tytherington area,the base of the Formation is characterised by a 5 m thick, [NAME], well-sorted, crinoidal limestone (called the Sub-Oolite Bed) which contains abundant brachiopods. |  | Uniform | Typically whitish | GULLY OOLITE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Cross lamination, cross-bedding, some bioturbation structures. | Massively bedded (occasionally medium- to thick-bedded), pale grey or pinkish, oolitic grainstone with subordinate beds of fine-grained skeletal packstones. Locally dolomitized or traversed by strong joints; a palaeokarstic surface overlain by a green/red mudstone/clay palaeosol caps the Formation. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the dolomitized bands. | Used locally as a building and walling stone, along the outcrop area. | Narrow strip of exposure running from Alveston to north of Cromhall, and then southwards near Wickwar to near Chipping Sodbury. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Whittaker & Green, 1983; Green, 1992; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
711 | Black Rock Limestone | 706 | Black Rock dolomite | Fossils abundant, especially corals, brachiopods Formation thickens from west to east, 250 to 370 m; approximately 150 m thick in the Bristol area. | GREY | Uniform | Dark grey to black | BLACK ROCK LIMESTONE SUBGROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Variable depending on the facies, includes massive and thin-bedded types | Predominantly dark grey to black, well-bedded, fine-grained limestones with abundant crinoidal debris (packstones and wackestones). Coarser-grained crinoidal limestones occur in the lower third. At least two distinct chert horizons occur; the upper parts of the formation are also commonly dolomitized. Dolomitized limestones are very hard and tend to stand out as strong features. Shaly partings are common in the lower and middle parts of the succession. | Typical limestone - with dissolution features. Harder varieties include the siliceous, cherty horizons and dolomitized bands | Widely quarried, and used locally as a building stone, along the outcrop area. | Narrow strip of exposure running from Alveston to north of Cromhall, and then southwards near Wickwar to near Chipping Sodbury. | 2010-10-26 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | [NAME], 1965; Green, 1992; Whittaker & Green, 1983; Kellaway & Welch, 1993; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
712 | Tintern Sandstone | 1 |  | Up to 75 m thick. Occasional fossil  fish remains occur in lower sandstones. Outcrop generally  marked by a belt of sandy loam. | PURPLE | Uniform | Variable, but dark purple-red, greenish, or grey dominate. | TINTERN SANDSTONE FORMATION | DEVONIAN | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding typical within the pebbly units and sandstones. | Variable lithology, but mainly purplish-brown, grey or green flaggy sandstones with subordinate red and green silty mudstones, marl partings and occasional nodular cornstone horizons. Lower parts locally rest on hard, yellowish green and purplish brown pebbly sandstones and conglomerates (Quartz Conglomerate) with well rounded pebbles of quartz, jasper and green mudstone with subordinate soft siltstones. | Sandstones and conglomerates fairly hard and resistant. | Very local use as general rubblestone and walling stone, but formation is too variable for extensive quarrying other than potential roadstone. | Mostly narrow, continuous linear exposure trending northeast, from east of Alverston, via Buckover to Tortworth, then southeast to Charfield. | 2010-10-19 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Kellaway & Welch, 1955, 1993; Welch & Trotter, 1961; Cave 1977 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
713 | Thornbury Beds | 1 |  | Exceed 300 m thick in Thornbury area.Very rarely fossiliferous (fish fragments). | PURPLE | Uniform | Purple-red, dark greenish, dark red | [NAME] | SILURIAN | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Mudcrack impressions, and upward fining sequences: channel sandstones - siltstones - mudstones. | Green, brown and purple-red fine- to medium-grained impersistent flaggy sandstones interbedded with thick, blocky, faintly laminated red-brown silty mudstones. The sandstones are typically highly micaceous, and become more numerous and thicker in the upper parts of the sequence. They also commonly contain mudstone clasts, and may infill mudcracks in underlying mudstones. | Relatively soft, mudstone clasts erode easily leaving a pitted surface. | Very local use as general rubblestone and walling stone. | Two outcrop areas; one extending west of Thornbury (to near Kington), the other extending east of Thornbury (to near Whitfield). | 2010-10-19 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Welch & Trotter, 1961; House et al, 1977; Green, 1992 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
714 | Stone Flags | 10 |  | Stone flags |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | STONE |  |  |  |  | Roofing | Bath Area buildings | 2011-11-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Avon Buildings Spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
715 | Stone Flags | 10 |  | Stone flags |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | STONE |  |  |  |  | Roofing | North Somerset area | 2011-11-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Avon Buildings Spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
716 | Stone Flags | 10 |  | Stone flags |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | STONE |  |  |  |  | Roofing | South Gloucestershire area | 2011-11-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Avon Buildings Spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
717 | Cotham Marble | 638 |  | In many cases laid as random rubble with an effect like crazy-paving. The famous 'Cotham Marble' (or 'Landscape Marble') is a thin, pale algal limestone with a curious vermiform upper surface, which originates from the lower Lilstock Formation (Cotham Member). It is to soft to be used as an external stone but takes a good polish and is used in the construction of ornamental internal walls and decorations. | WHITE | Uniform | White, pale grey, cream-coloured. | LANGPORT MEMBER | TRIASSIC | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Uniform. Some beds exhibit fine parallel lamination, often more discernable on weathered surfaces. | Uniform, white or pale grey limestone (with mudstone partings in outcrop) and sugary texture in some cases. Tendency to be rubbly in the lower part, more regular, even-bedded in the upper part. Distinguished from Portland Stone by lack of oolitic texture and from [NAME] by coarser grain size, lack of faint nodular structure, lack of scaling and harder nature. | Fine-grained (porcellaneous) facies often very hard. Some facies are tabular, with parallel flat to undulatory, upper and lower surfaces. | Rubble walling and some ashlar. Favoured by Victorian builders and used for decorative polychrome effect in combination with Blue Lias limestone in some buildings. | Occurs beneath Blue Lias, at edge of a continuous belt, approximately 0.5 km wide in southern border of UA along northern edge of Dundry Hill stretching between Highbridge, Headley Park and Hengrove), and [NAME] (approximately 2 km long x 1 km wide) centered near Horfield, northern Bristol. | 2010-10-21 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Cave, 1977; Warrington et al, 1980; Donovan & Kellaway, 1984; Green, 1992; Barton et al, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
718 | Coal Measures sandstones | 1 |  | Sandstone |  |  |  | SOUTH WALES MIDDLE COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  | Building stone | Bristol area | 2011-11-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bristol City Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Avon Sources Spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
719 | [NAME] | 1 |  | Sandstone |  |  |  | MERCIA MUDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  | Building stone | North Somerset area | 2011-11-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Avon Sources Spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
720 | Quartz Conglomerate | 1 |  | Sandstone |  |  |  | QUARTZ CONGLOMERATE FORMATION (FOREST OF DEAN) | DEVONIAN | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  | Building stone | Forest of Dean | 2011-11-28 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Avon Sources Spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
721 | Lower Jurassic And Middle Jurassic Rocks (Undifferentiated) | 1 |  | Limestone |  |  |  | LOWER JURASSIC AND MIDDLE JURASSIC ROCKS (UNDIFFERENTIATED) | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE |  |  |  |  | Building stone | Bath area | 2011-11-29 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Avon Sources Spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
722 | Wilmcote Limestone | 613 |  | Limestone |  |  |  | WILMCOTE LIMESTONE MEMBER | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE |  |  |  |  | Building stone | Bath area | 2011-11-29 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Bath and North East Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Avon Sources Spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
723 | Rugby Limestone | 661 |  | Limestone |  |  |  | RUGBY LIMESTONE MEMBER | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE |  |  |  |  | Building stone | North Somerset area | 2011-11-29 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Somerset Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Avon Sources Spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:22
724 | [NAME] | 689 | Bath Stone | 25 - 35 m thick in the type Bath area. |  | Uniform | Cream, pale grey, pale brownish yellow, pale orange yellow | CHALFIELD OOLITE FORMATION | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE, OOIDAL | Medium grained | Cross bedded in parts, sometimes bioturbated. | Ooidal grainstone, predominantly pale grey and pale yellow to white; fine- to coarse-grained, with variable bioclastic content, in medium to thick beds. Where fully developed in the Bath area, three distinct Members ([NAME], [NAME], [NAME]) can be recognised. | Susceptible to darker/blackish staining in (urban) areas with high air pollution levels and similarly stained where subject to water run-off. | Include one of the most important building stone lithologies within BaNES, including world famous and renowned oolitic freestones such as Bath Stone and [NAME], which have been used for many prestigious buildings nationally (eg. London) and also exported. Used extensively in Bath and environs, used by the Romans for the construction of the hot baths, and has been used through mediaeval times to the present day. | South Gloucestershire area | 2011-11-29 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Gloucestershire Council | [NAME] Atlas Area | Avon Sources Spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:22