Spreadsheet: 03ecb04c-5d5c-4e71-8ab1-a8cfb1251340
Sheet: Stones

BUILDING_STONE_ID | STONE_NAME | PARENT BUILDING STONE  ID | ALTERNATIVE_NAMES | [NAME] | COLOUR | COLOUR_VARIATION | WEATHERED COLOUR | LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY | CHRONOSTRAT | STONE_LITHOLOGY | GRAIN_SIZE | [NAME] | KEY_IDENTIFICATION_FEATURES | FAILURE_WEATHERING | CONTEXT_OF_USE | LOCALITY_OF_USE | DATE_COMPILED | COMPILED_BY | MINERAL PLANNING AREA | English Heritage Atlas Area | SOURCE_OF_INFO | retrieval_date
3501 | Waterstones | 1 |  | comprising interlaminated and interbedded siltstones, mudstones and sandstones in approximately equal proportions | BROWN |  |  | [NAME] | TRIASSIC | SILTSTONE | Very fine grained | Desiccation cracks, flute casts, ripple marks, parallel, wavy and climbing ripple lamination. Mudstone clasts (fragments) often found at the base of the sandstone layers, where they have eroded down through the underlying sediments. Salt pseudomorphs, Carbonised plant remains. | The sandstone layers within the Tarporley Siltstone Formation are generally brown, mica rich and very fine grained. The sandstone layers are found interbedded with layers of reddish brown and greyish green, thin bedded siltstone and reddish brown mudstone. |  | Depending on the degree of cementation, the mica rich sandstone beds may have been a suitable source of flagstone. As yet no proof of them being used as building stone. | Present exposures found within stream beds such as west of Heswell, known as the Dugeon on the Wirral Peninsula. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales).  Howard, A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3502 | Sherwood Sandstone | 1 |  | Sandstone-dominated, with sporadic conglomerates, particularly towards the base, and siltstones |  |  |  | SHERWOOD SANDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3503 | [NAME] | 1 |  | Sandstone-dominated, with sporadic conglomerates, particularly towards the base, and siltstones |  |  |  | SHERWOOD SANDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3504 | Bunter Sandstone | 1 |  | Sandstone, red, yellow and brown, part pebbly; subordinate red mudstone and siltstone |  |  |  | SHERWOOD SANDSTONE GROUP |  | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3505 | Lower Keuper Sandstone | 3502 | Helsby Sandstone | Sandstone-dominated, with sporadic conglomerates, particularly towards the base, and siltstones. In the [NAME] area of Merseyside, disused quarries such as at Litherland often show a yellow colour. The rock from Litherland Quarry could have been used to build nearby Litherland Hall. |  | Mottled |  | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding, thick bedded, ripple marks, sun cracks, reptilian fossil footprints of Cheirotherium and Rhynchosaurus on the underside of a bed of sandstone overlying marly clay. Fossil footprints have been found at Storeton and Hillbre Island as well as Runcorn and [NAME] over in Cheshire. Pebbles of exotic quartz, quartzite, plus pebbles of more locally derived sandstone and mudstone. | The colour can vary between pale pinkish-red, reddish-brown, brown, [NAME] , white and yellow. The rock often shows a mottling of colours. Towards the base of the rock pebble rich horizons can often be found. These pebbles are usually made of mudstone and sandstone, quartz and quartzite. These pebbles are often rounded but occasionally horizons of angular rock fragments can be found, such as the persistent 0.4m thick layer around the western side of Hilbre Island. Layers of softer marl and mudstone can be traced within the sandstone. These are generally thin, often less than one metre thick but some around 15 feet thick (around 5 metres) have been known through past quarrying. Within the Helsby Sandstone Formation is also the Delamere Sandstone Member which is a coarse, hard, usually red layer of rock. Where the base of the stone is observed it is erosive. It can normally be distinguished from the Wilmslow Sandstone sometimes seen below it by the presence of pebbles and the coarser nature. The Wilmslow Sandstone is pebble free and finer grained.  The Keuper Sandstone is also usually better cemented and more resistant than the softer Wilmslow Sandstone, with the exception of the Thurstaston Hard Sandstone Bed within the Wilmslow Sandstone Formation. | Softer marl pellets within the sandstone weather out to leave voids. The rock is generally well cemented and resistant. | Lower Keuper Sandstone has been extensively quarried around Merseyside, including the Wirral Peninsula as a source of building stone for use locally and abroad. The often thick bedded freestone can be cut into ashlar for a variety of building purposes. | Lower Keuper Sandstone is widely distributed within Merseyside, including the Wirral Peninsula. Notable quarrying areas within this rock included Storeton, Wallasey, Bebington and Bidston on the Wirral and the Toxteth Park and [NAME] areas of Liverpool. The BGS classifies Bebington Stone and Bidston Stone as belonging to the Ormskirk Sandstone Formation with Storeton, Wallasey, Toxteth Park, Brownlow Hill Stone and [NAME] belonging to the Helsby Sandstone Formation. Numerous smaller quarries within this rock also existed apart from these notable quarrying areas. In the [NAME] area of Merseyside there has been much quarrying of the Ormskirk Sandstone Formation (Lower Keuper Sandstone) for example around Litherland. Within the Helsby Sandstone Formation is the Delamere Sandstone Member, well exposed on the Wirral Peninsula where it has been quarried at Kirby and Caldy. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Fieldwork, Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales).  Howard, A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). [NAME], R C B et al 1938. [NAME] district. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 84 (England and Wales). Rock around Wirral 2004 by the Liverpool Geological Society. Rock around Liverpool 2001 by the Liverpool Geological Society.  Merseyside RIGS records held at Merseyside Biobank. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3506 | Knowsley  Stone | 3505 | Lower Keuper Sandstone | Sandstone-dominated, with sporadic conglomerates, particularly towards the base, and siltstones. Recorded in the Wigan Memoir by [NAME] et al 1938 as belonging to the Bunter Sandstone rather than Helsby Sandstone (Lower Keuper Sandstone) as it is here by the BGS. |  |  |  | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding but also some massive beds. | A hard reddish brown sandstone with pebbles. Exposures in the area have also recorded yellow and pink sandstone. Some exposures also described as coarse grained and massive such as at Old Rough Delf, SJ 341749 399078. |  | According to the Wigan Memoir the stone from [NAME] was sufficiently hard to provide stone for the paving of roads. Stone from [NAME] was also quarried for building stone. | Exposed and quarried around the [NAME] area of Merseyside |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, [NAME], R C B et al 1938. [NAME] district. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 84 (England and Wales). Merseyside RIGS records held at Merseyside Biobank. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3507 | [NAME] | 3505 | Lower Keuper Sandstone | Sandstone-dominated, with sporadic conglomerates, particularly towards the base, and siltstones. [NAME] also contains occasional marl beds, generally less than one foot thick but occasionally around fifteen feet thick. | WHITE | Mottled | White to [NAME] | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding, thick bedded, ripple marks, marl pellets, sun cracks, fossil footprints of Cheirotherium. Occasional beds of marl.. Faults trending north/south. | [NAME] is often white but there are also [NAME] and pinkish horizons. It is a hard sandstone which can in places contain numerous marl pellets which weather out as voids. Occasional marl layers can also be seen at some horizons within the sandstone. It contains a layer of soft sandstone around 1 metre (3 feet thick) with thin marl bands which has yielded many fossil reptilian footprint horizons of Cheirotherium. | Softer marl pellets within the sandstone weather out to leave voids. Layers of marl within the sandstone are softer and show differential weathering compared to the harder sandstones. The rock is generally well cemented and resistant. | [NAME] was popular both in the UK and abroad and is thought to have been quarried since Roman times. It was used close to source in the Wirral such as much of [NAME] and within the city of Liverpool on buildings such as Lime Street Station, Liverpool Philharmonic Hall, St George’s Church. Overseas it was used to clad the Empire State Building, New York. It is a thick bedded versatile freestone, widely used for ashlar. Also used to make drilled stone sleeper blocks for the tramway from the Storeton quarries. Some of the sandstone sleeper blocks have been incorporated into walls along the Bracken Lane - Mount Road crossroads. Used as facing stone for the Sankey Viaduct, Earlstown. The portal of Lever Hall, Port Sunlight is made of Storeton Stone. The stone was said to harden after quarrying and so was sometimes carved when soft. Used by Romans, example being the Roman Chester Tombstones. | Exposed and quarried in the Storeton area of the Wirral Peninsula. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales). [NAME], A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). BGS [NAME] P201626 , Rock around Wirral, 2004, Liverpool Geological Society, Correspondence and conversations with [NAME], Secretary of Liverpool Geological Society from January 2011. Archives of the Liverpool Geological Society and Liverpool Geological Association held by Liverpool Museums at North Street, Liverpool. NH/LGS/6/1 Minute book of Liverpool Geological Association June 1880 - Sept 1883. Conversation with geologist [NAME], March 2011. [NAME], G. 2007 Chirotherium and the Quarrymen. The North West Geologist No 14 p6. Correspondence with [NAME], Chair Wirral Archaeology, March 2011. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3508 | Bebington Stone | 3507 | Lower Keuper Sandstone | Fine- to coarse-grained (generally medium-) cross bedded and flat bedded sandstones, generally friable | WHITE | Mottled | White to [NAME] | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding, ripple marks, [NAME], interbedded marl layers. | It is a thick bedded sandstone, sometimes pinkish as well as white or  [NAME] coloured. Occasional interbedded marl layers. | Softer marl pellets within the sandstone weather out to leave voids. The rock is generally well cemented and resistant. |  | Exposed and quarried around the Bebington area of the Wirral Peninsula. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales).  Howard, A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3509 | Toxteth Park Stone | 3505 | Lower Keuper Sandstone | Fine- to coarse-grained (generally medium-) cross bedded and flat bedded sandstones, generally friable. In situ exposures often coated by green biofilms. In Lewis’s Topographical Dictionary of England 1848 it states ‘ [NAME] cemetery, the site of which was given by the corporation, is a large tract of ground originally excavated as a quarry for stone used in building the docks’ | YELLOW | Mottled | Grey | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding, ripple marks, marl pellets | Toxteth Park Stone is probably the name given to the Lower Keuper Sandstone that was once quarried around the area now occupied by [NAME]. In 18th century text the stone from this quarry is described as ‘of a yellowish hue, soft when cut, but afterwards hardening.’ There are probably also red coloured horizons within the rock as exposures of Lower Keuper Sandstone in other parts of the city centre such as the railway cutting at Lime Street Station show a variation from yellow to red over relatively short distances. | Softer marl pellets within the sandstone weather out to leave voids. The rock is generally well cemented and resistant. | Toxteth Park Stone is probably the name given to the Lower Keuper Sandstone that was once quarried around the area now occupied by [NAME], close to the Anglican Cathedral. [NAME]’s text of 1795 states ‘the quarry is extensive, ‘380 yards long, and in many places 16 yards deep, forming a vast perpendicular wall, without a vein or crack.’ Aiken’s book also contains a map of Liverpool showing the position of the quarry.This quarry reputedly supplied stone to build Liverpool Town Hall and the early dock walls of the thriving port of Liverpool before Scottish granite was used. | Toxteth Park Stone probably refers to the Lower Keuper Sandstone that was quarried from the extensive quarry that is now occupied by [NAME]. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Fieldwork,  Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales).  Howard, A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). [NAME], J 1795. A description of the country from thirty to forty miles round [NAME]. [NAME] and [NAME] reprints, Newton Abbot. Friends of St [NAME] website, accessed December 2010 http://www.stjamescemetery.co.uk  , Liverpool Geological Society article on Liverpool Spa.????? North West Geologist,  [NAME], S 1848, Topographical Dictionary of England, 7th Edition, accessed on http://www.british-history.ac.uk from January 2011. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3510 | Bidston Stone | 3505 |  | Fine- to coarse-grained (generally medium-) cross bedded and flat bedded sandstones, generally friable | PALE-RED | Mottled |  | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding, ripple marks, marl pellets, Baryte crystals | Generally pale red in colour but yellow also recorded. | Softer marl pellets within the sandstone weather out to leave voids. The rock is generally well cemented and resistant. | Stone quarried from Bidston Hill thought to have been used on the [NAME] dock system, using an old tramway to transport the stone. | Exposed and quarried around the Bidston area of the Wirral Peninsula. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales).  Howard, A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). Correspondence with [NAME], Chair Wirral Archaeology, March 2011. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3511 | Brownlow Hill Stone | 3505 | Lower Keuper Sandstone | Fine- to coarse-grained (generally medium-) cross bedded and flat bedded sandstones, generally friable | YELLOW | Mottled | Pale grey | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding, ripple marks, marl pellets | Building work during 2010 and 2011 on the University Campus has uncovered large stones close to the former quarry site. Samples collected by [NAME] of the Liverpool Geological Society show a coarse yellow sandstone on fresh faces. Fresh samples contained soft marl pellets and weathered faces showed voids where these marl pellets had probably weathered out. Cross bedding could also be observed. | Softer marl pellets within the sandstone weather out to leave voids. The rock is generally well cemented and resistant. | An old map included in Aiken’s book of 1795 shows the quarries around Brownlow Hill. | Brownlow Hill Stone probably refers to the Lower Keuper Sandstone that was quarried towards the top of Brownlow Hill Lane and the junction of Mount Pleasant. This area is now occupied largely by the University campus buildings. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Fieldwork,  Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales).  Howard, A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). Rock samples collected in 2011 by [NAME] of the Liverpool Geological Society.  [NAME], J 1795 A Description of the Country from Thirty to Forty Miles round [NAME], [NAME] and [NAME], Newton Abbott | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3512 | [NAME] | 3505 | Lower Keuper Sandstone | Fine- to coarse-grained (generally medium-) cross bedded and flat bedded sandstones, generally friable |  | Mottled | Pale grey | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Course grained | Cross bedding, ripple marks, [NAME], pebbles concentrated towards the base. | The Wallasey Stone is pale buff to yellow in colour. Pebbles towards base as at [NAME] near Poulton Station, where the Keuper Sandstone is coarse. | Softer marl pellets within the sandstone weather out to leave voids. The rock is generally well cemented and resistant. | Probably used as a source of stone for the growing needs of nearby [NAME] when it became an important port. | Exposed and quarried around the [NAME] area of the Wirral Peninsula. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales).  Howard, A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3513 | Heswall Hill Stone | 3505 | Lower Keuper Sandstone | Sandstone-dominated, with sporadic conglomerates, particularly towards the base, and siltstones |  |  |  | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3514 | Lower Keuper Sandstone | 3502 | Ormskirk Sandstone | Fine- to coarse-grained (generally medium-) cross bedded and flat bedded sandstones, generally friable |  |  |  | ORMSKIRK SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3515 | Pinfold Stone | 3514 | Lower Keuper Sandstone | Fine- to coarse-grained (generally medium-) cross bedded and flat bedded sandstones, generally friable |  |  |  | ORMSKIRK SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3516 | Clieves Hill Stone | 3514 | Lower Keuper Sandstone | Fine- to coarse-grained (generally medium-) cross bedded and flat bedded sandstones, generally friable |  |  |  | ORMSKIRK SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3517 | Litherland Stone | 3514 | Lower Keuper Sandstone | Fine- to coarse-grained (generally medium-) cross bedded and flat bedded sandstones, generally friable |  |  |  | ORMSKIRK SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3518 | Upper Mottled Sandstone | 3502 |  | Sandstone, fine- to medium-grained, red-brown to brick red, generally pebble-free, cross stratified, with sporadic siltstones. Excellent soft sediment deformation shown at Thurstaston on the Wirral Peninsula. Around the Huyton area of [NAME]? the Wilmslow Sandstone is cut by quartz veins. | RED | Mottled | Red Brown | WILMSLOW SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Large scale cross bedding. Planar bedding also present. The upper part of the Wilmslow Sandstone Formation is marked by a harder,  well cemented, coarse sandstone up to two metres (six feet) thick. This is known as the Thurstaston Hard Sandstone Bed. This marks the base of the Thurstaston Sandstone Member. Around Thurstaston it shows excellent examples of soft sediment deformation structures. | The Wilmslow Sandstone is usually finer grained and devoid of pebbles compared to the underlying Bunter Pebble Beds. It is often reddish brown in colour and also shows yellowish [NAME]. White beds can also be seen on the Wirral Peninsula near Thurstaston. It can be fine to medium grained. The sand grains are generally well sorted and well rounded, with spherical ‘millet seed’ grains visible in some horizons, pointing towards the sandstone being formed in a largely aeolian environment. The amount of cementation can vary so in some places it is well enough cemented to be used for building purposes but in other places it is poorly cemented and has been dug out as a moulding sand or building sand. Around the Thurstaston area of Wirral is a hard, often dark brown layer cemented with silica, known as the Thurstaston Hard Sandstone Bed.   Around the Dingle area of Liverpool the exposed Wilmslow Sandstone is pale red and interbedded with thin bands of yellow sandstone. | Differential weathering can be seen between the silica cemented, more resistant Thurstaston Hard Sandstone Bed and the rest of the Wilmslow Sandstone Formation, which is generally more poorly cemented and softer. At Thurstaston road cutting SJ  242849 the softer sediments erode more quickly and keep their fresh colour where as the resistant Thurstaston Hard Sandstone Bed is much darker in colour, possibly darkened from years of pollution which doesn’t tend to flake or crumble off as it does with the softer layers. [NAME] weathering present at Thurstaston. | The Wilmslow Sandstone is generally softer than the Chester Pebble Beds and the Helsby Sandstone because of its weaker cementation.  This would make it less suitable as a durable building stone. The Thurstaston Hard Sandstone Bed in the upper part of the Wilmslow Sandstone Formation is much better cemented and hard so this would have made a more durable building stone but it is relatively thin at up to two metres (six feet ) thick. Quarries in the Thurstaston Hard Sandstone Bed can be found at Thurstaston, Wirral. Sometimes weathers giving a lattice-like appearance. | Exposed and quarried around many parts of the Wirral Peninsula such as New Brighton, Wallasey, [NAME] and Heswell. The Thurstaston Hard Sandstone Bed, part of the Wilmslow Sandstone Formation, was quarried at Thurstaston Common on the Wirral Peninsula. Also exposed around the Dingle area of Liverpool. Quarried around the Bootle area of Sefton. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales).  Howard, A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). Rock around Wirral 2004. Liverpool Geological Society, Bathurst, R G C et al 1965, Geologist Association Guide number 6, Geology around the University Towns: Liverpool , Merseyside RIGS records held at the Merseyside Biobank Archives of the Liverpool Geological Society and Liverpool Geological Association held by Liverpool Museums at North Street, Liverpool. NH/LGS/6/1 Minute book of Liverpool Geological Association June 1880 - Sept 1883. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3519 | Bunter Pebble Beds | 3502 | Chester Pebbloes Beds | Sandstone, fine- to coarse-grained, commonly pebbly, with conglomerates and sporadic siltstones; cross-stratified | RED | Mottled | Red Brown | CHESTER PEBBLE BEDS FORMATION | TRIASSIC | PEBBLY SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding, trough cross bedding, armoured mud balls (dark red rounded mudstone fragments coated with a rim of sand). Rounded pebbles usually sparsely distributed within the sandstone, or concentrated along bedding planes. Thin beds of red marl or shale partings. | Colour can vary from mottled reddish brown and yellowish grey. Can be distinguished from the Lower Mottled Sandstone below it and the Upper Mottled sandstone above it by the fact that it is often coarser grained and often contains rounded pebbles. The pebbles aren’t as abundant as the Bunter Pebble Beds of the Midlands. In Merseyside they tend to be much less abundant and either sparsely and sporadically distributed throughout the rock or concentrated along bedding planes. Some pebbles recorded in Merseyside are 15 cm (6 inches) long but most are smaller, with pebbles one inch long being more common. The most abundant varieties of pebbles are white, yellow and pink vein quartz and grey and liver coloured quartzites but occasionally there are pebbles of granite, felsite, mica-schist, chert and derived fossils that have been eroded out of older rocks. | Voids around 1 inch long can sometimes be seen on the rock where either pebbles or [NAME] pellets have probably weathered  out or weathered loose of the surrounding sand and fallen out. Often has a mottled appearance. In situ rock exposures are often coated in a green biofilm, probably algae. Often bedding planes are picked out by weathering giving rise to ledges | As in the Bunter Pebble Beds of Stockport and the city of Manchester, these beds in Merseyside are often capable of being tunnelled into without collapsing. The famous [NAME] tunnels around the Edge Hill area of Liverpool, the brainchild of [NAME] in the 18th century, probably cut through Bunter Pebble Beds. Some of the sandstone excavated in the tunnels was brought to the surface and used as building stone. It could have been Bunter Pebble Beds  that were used to build [NAME] Church on Montague Street (now demolished) and possibly Williamson’s house, numbers 40-44 and the other houses he built on Mason Street as well as the large stone boundary wall to his land . Only the facade of his house remains and isolated fragments of his boundary walls. At Wood Head [NAME], [NAME], probably within the Bunter Pebble Beds were quarried to make stone railway sleepers about the year 1830. | Widely exposed around large tracts of Merseyside, including the Wirral Peninsula. Notable quarrying areas within this rock include Woolton, Tranmere, Rainhill and Speke. Still actively quarried but mainly for aggregate at Bold Heath Quarry SJ 353300 388300 on the St Helens/Widnes border. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales).  Howard, A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). [NAME], R C B et al 1938. [NAME] district. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 84 (England and Wales). Friends of Williamson’s Tunnels website http://www.williamsontunnels.com , accessed in December 2010. Merseyside RIGS records held at Merseyside Biobank | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3520 | Woolton Stone | 3519 | Bunter Pebble Beds | Sandstone-dominated, with sporadic conglomerates, particularly towards the base, and siltstones | RED | Mottled | Red | CHESTER PEBBLE BEDS FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Trough cross bedding. Contains rounded pebbles, usually quartz and quartzite. Some pebbles at Woolton Quarry are up to 15cm (6 inches) long. Layers of shale interbedded with the sandstone. | The stone is generally red-brown or pinkish red. Sometimes layers of dark reddish brown mudstone can be observed, interbedded with the sandstone. Rounded pebbles can often be seen within the rock but they are usually sparsely distributed or concentrated along bedding planes. Most of the pebbles are made of quartz and quartzite. | Preferential along bedding and joints. Softer marl pellets weather out. | Woolton Stone was quarried until 1978 as a source of stone for Liverpool’s Anglican Cathedral. Morrison’s and Sons of Wavertree won a contract to quarry Woolton Stone for the Cathedral. The finest layers are reputed to have been quarried from the lower layers, which were around three to four feet thick. Some of the stone towards the surface was crushed and used as aggregate. Reputed to have been used on Woolton Hall, All Hallows Church, [NAME] and many other buildings. | Exposed and quarried around the Woolton area of Merseyside. Notable quarry at Woolton where stone was used to build a number of notable buildings within Merseyside. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales). [NAME], A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). BGS [NAME]  P207286  and P207287, Merseyside RIGS records held at Merseyside Biobank., Woolton Village website. [NAME], W and Trotter, F M 1954 British Regional Geology, The Pennines and [NAME], British Geological Survey, 3rd Edition. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3521 | Rainhill Stone | 3519 | Bunter Pebble Beds | Sandstone-dominated, with sporadic conglomerates, particularly towards the base, and siltstones | RED | Mottled | Red | CHESTER PEBBLE BEDS FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Trough cross bedding. Contains rounded pebbles, usually quartz and quartzite. | The stone is generally red-brown or pinkish red. Sometimes layers of dark reddish brown mudstone can be observed, interbedded with the sandstone. Rounded pebbles can often be seen within the rock but they are usually sparsely distributed or concentrated along bedding planes. Most of the pebbles are made of quartz and quartzite. | Softer marl pellets weather out. | Possible source of stone for Rainhill railway bridge, over the worlds first railway line between [NAME] to Liverpool. Probable source for the Manor [NAME], built in Medieval times. Reputedly supplied some stone for the construction of the Anglican Cathedral in Liverpool. | Exposed and quarried around the Rainhill area of Merseyside. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales).  Howard, A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). [NAME], W and Trotter, F M 1954 British Regional Geology, The Pennines and [NAME], British Geological Survey, 3rd Edition.  Conversations and correspondence with [NAME] of the Liverpool Geological Society from January 2011. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3522 | Tranmere Stone | 3519 | Bunter Pebble Beds | Sandstone-dominated, with sporadic conglomerates, particularly towards the base, and siltstones. in Lewis’s Topographical Dictionary of England, 1848 it states about Tranmere  ‘Throughout the township, abundance of good stone of a light red colour and very durable is to be found, and some of the quarries are now worked to considerable advantage: brick clay is also very abundant.’ | PALE-RED | Mottled | Red | CHESTER PEBBLE BEDS FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Trough cross bedding. Contains rounded pebbles, usually quartz and quartzite. | The stone is generally red-brown or pinkish red. Sometimes layers of dark reddish brown mudstone can be observed, interbedded with the sandstone. Rounded pebbles can often be seen within the rock but they are usually sparsely distributed or concentrated along bedding planes. Most of the pebbles are made of quartz and quartzite. | Softer marl pellets weather out. Pebbles sometimes become loose and fall out. | Suggested by the Liverpool Geological Society as a source of stone for Birkenhead Priory. | Exposed and quarried around the Tranmere area on the eastern side of the Wirral Peninsula. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales).  Howard, A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). Rock around Wirral 2004, Liverpool Geological Society. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3523 | Speke Stone | 3519 | Bunter Pebble Beds | Sandstone-dominated, with sporadic conglomerates, particularly towards the base, and siltstones | RED | Mottled | Red | CHESTER PEBBLE BEDS FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Trough cross bedding. Contains rounded pebbles, usually quartz and quartzite. | The stone is generally red-brown or pinkish red. Sometimes layers of dark reddish brown mudstone can be observed, interbedded with the sandstone. Rounded pebbles can often be seen within the rock but they are usually sparsely distributed or concentrated along bedding planes. Most of the pebbles are made of quartz and quartzite. | Preferential weathering along bedding and joints. | The outcrop of the quarried rock is close to Speke Hall, known to rest on a red sandstone base, so Speke Stone could be a source although Woolton Village website states that [NAME] was made from stone from the Woolton quarries, which are also nearby. [NAME] is at least 15th century in age. The Topographical Dictionary of England by [NAME], describes Speke and describes a quarry that ‘supplies a stone used for draining.’ | Exposed and quarried around the Speke area of Merseyside. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales).  Howard, A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). Woolton Village website http://www.wooltonvillage.co.uk accessed January 2011 Lewis, S 1848. Topographical Dictionary of England, 7th Edition, accessed on http://www.british-history.ac.uk from January 2011. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3524 | [NAME] | 3519 | Bunter Pebble Beds | Sandstone, fine- to coarse-grained, commonly pebbly, with conglomerates and sporadic siltstones; cross-stratified |  |  |  | CHESTER PEBBLE BEDS FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3525 | Tynwald Hill Stone | 3519 | Bunter Pebble Beds | Sandstone, fine- to coarse-grained, commonly pebbly, with conglomerates and sporadic siltstones; cross-stratified |  |  |  | CHESTER PEBBLE BEDS FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3526 | Newton (le Willows) Stone | 3519 | Bunter Pebble Beds | Sandstone, fine- to coarse-grained, commonly pebbly, with conglomerates and sporadic siltstones; cross-stratified |  |  |  | CHESTER PEBBLE BEDS FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3527 | Breeze Hill Stone | 3519 | Bunter Pebble Beds | Sandstone, fine- to coarse-grained, commonly pebbly, with conglomerates and sporadic siltstones; cross-stratified |  |  |  | CHESTER PEBBLE BEDS FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3528 | Lower Mottled Sandstone | 3502 |  | Sandstone, red-brown to yellow, generally pebble-free, fine- to medium-grained, cross-stratified. Dominantly aeolian |  | Mottled | [NAME] | KINNERTON SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Cross bedding and also planar lamination. | The colour is generally red-brown but can also have a pale yellowish grey mottled appearance. Well rounded millet seed grains can be observed at some horizons. Exposures have also been observed with yellow bands. Its finer grain size and general lack of pebbles helps to distinguish it from the Bunter Pebble Beds above. |  |  | Once exposed around the Neston area of the Wirral Peninsula. Quarried around the Tarbock and Cronton areas of [NAME]. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales).  Howard, A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales). [NAME], R C B et al 1938. [NAME] district. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 84 (England and Wales).  [NAME], W and Trotter, F M 1954 British Regional Geology, The Pennines and [NAME], British Geological Survey, 3rd Edition.  Rock around Wirral, 2004, Liverpool Geological Society | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3529 | Coal Measures sandstones | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | PENNINE COAL MEASURES GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3530 | Pennine Middle Coal Measures sandstones | 3529 |  | Hull states on page 165 of his work that the grey sandstones from the Middle Coal Measures around Billinge are much used for building purposes and for flags. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME] | PENNINE MIDDLE COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Massive but often also showing cross bedding. Mica rich flaggy beds. | The Wigan Memoir describes a number of exposures which it places within the Middle Coal Measures. These vary from showing massive sandstone to finer grained and flaggy sandstone. |  | Quarried for building stone and flagstone around Billinge. The Middle Coal Measure Sandstones could be representatives of the Pemberton Rock as the Wigan Memoir states that the Pemberton Rock is well represented about [NAME]. | Concentrated around the St Helens area of Merseyside. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, [NAME], R C B et al 1938. [NAME] district. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 84 (England and Wales). Hull, E 1862. The Geology of the Country around [NAME]. Description of the Geological Map 89 SW, British Geological Survey (England and Wales) 2nd Edition. Merseyside RIGS records held at Merseyside Biobank. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3531 | Pennine Lower Coal Measures sandstones | 3529 |  | The [NAME] memoir by [NAME] et al 1938 refers to strong sandstones being exposed in Knowsley Park. |  | Uniform | [NAME] | PENNINE LOWER COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Massive but also often showing cross bedding. Mica rich flaggy beds. | The Wigan Memoir describes a number of exposures within the Lower Coal Measures, which vary in character from showing massive sandstone to finer grained and flaggy sandstone. |  | The unnamed Lower Coal Measure sandstones in [NAME] and the [NAME] area have been quarried. Building stone was extracted at Moss Bank Quarry and building stone and flagstone was quarried at Rainford Old Delf. | Some quarries in the [NAME] and [NAME] area of Merseyside are classified in RIGS records as [NAME] (Pennine Lower Coal Measures) but the stone is not named. The Wigan Memoir also describes unnamed Lower Coal Measure Sandstones around [NAME] such as those around Knowsley Hall and around Prescot. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, [NAME], R C B et al 1938. [NAME] district. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 84 (England and Wales). Merseyside RIGS records held at Merseyside Biobank. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3532 | Ravenhead Rock | 3531 |  |  | GREY | Uniform | Yellow | RAVENHEAD ROCK | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding and can also be massive. Coal fragments towards the base. Can contain interbedded shale beds. | Can be massive and quarried as freestone but can also show cross bedding. | Weathers yellow and also brown. |  | Outcrops around the St Helens area of Merseyside, in particular south of [NAME] around Thatto Heath. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, [NAME], R C B et al 1938. [NAME] district. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 84 (England and Wales). Merseyside RIGS records held at Merseyside Biobank. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3533 | Cannel Rock | 3531 |  | Quarries showing white stone are marked on old maps, such as [NAME] [NAME] 350360 395360 marked on the Six Inch Geological Map, Lancashire sheet 107 NE as “White Stone Quarry’ | GREY | Uniform | [NAME] | CANNEL ROCK (SOUTH LANCASHIRE) | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding. | The fresh colour can sometimes be closer to white than grey. It also weathers yellow to brown. Can vary from massive to current bedded and  flaggy. | Often weathers to ochreous yellows and browns. It can be quite resistant, forming higher ground. |  | Outcrops around the St Helens area of Merseyside, particularly to the SW of St Helens and also to the west of [NAME] around Eccleston. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, [NAME], R C B et al 1938. [NAME] district. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 84 (England and Wales). Six Inch Geological Map, Lancashire Sheet 107 NE | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3534 | Milnrow Sandstone | 3531 | [NAME] Flags | The Milnrow Sandstone forms part of a ridge running from Ashurst to Billinge. The ridge at Billinge has been extensively quarried for flagstones. The Milnrow Sandstone is also known as Crutchman Sandstone and [NAME] in this area. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME] | MILNROW SANDSTONE | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedding and can also be massive. Fine lamination, Flaggy, mica rich layers. Ripple marks. Trace fossils of Annelid tracks, sun cracks. Partings of sandy shales, sometimes purple stained. | The Milnrow Sandstone is characteristically variable in character over relatively short distances, ranging from coarse grained and massive to finer grained and flaggy.  Around the Billinge area of [NAME] the Milnrow Sandstone is often flaggy. It could be seen interbedded with siltstones and shales, as at the former quarry at Billinge Hill before being infilled. The Milnrow sandstone is more commonly known as [NAME] or Crutchman Sandstone around this area. The colour of the stone can also vary with both grey and yellow being recorded. | Weathers brown. | Flaggy layers within the rock have been quarried for flagstones in the St Helens area of Merseyside. Flags from Upholland, just over the border in Lancashire were sought after and quarried from at least the 18th century but these could also be [NAME] (Upholland [NAME]). [NAME], thought to be within the Milnrow Sandstone (or Crutchman Sandstone, [NAME] as it is also known) has been quarried and also mined for flagstones for roofing and paving. | Outcrops around the St Helens area of Merseyside. Quarried extensively around Billinge |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, [NAME], R C B et al 1938. [NAME] district. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 84 (England and Wales). Hull, E 1862. The Geology of the Country around [NAME]. Description of the Geological Map 89 SW, British Geological Survey (England and Wales) 2nd edition.  Merseyside RIGS records held at Merseyside Biobank. [NAME], D 1973. Underground flagstone workings of the Billinge-Ashurst Ridge., [NAME], R F and Williamson, I A (Edit) 1977. Geological routes around [NAME]. [NAME] and District Geological Society, Conversations and correspondence with [NAME] of the Stone Roofing Association and the English Stone Forum. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3535 | [NAME] Flags | 3531 | Milnrow Sandstone |  |  |  |  | MILNROW SANDSTONE | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3536 | Millstone Grit | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | MILLSTONE GRIT GROUP [SEE ALSO MIGR] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3537 | Limestone, fossiliferous | 1 |  |  | GREY |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | LIMESTONE, FOSSILIFEROUS |  |  |  |  | Buildings | Merseyside usage |  | D Cameron | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3538 | Sandstone, coarse-grained | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | SANDSTONE, COARSE-GRAINED |  |  |  |  | Buildings | Merseyside usage |  | D Cameron | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3539 | Sandstone, medium-grained | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | SANDSTONE, MEDIUM-GRAINED |  |  |  |  | Buildings | Merseyside usage |  | D Cameron | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3540 | Sandstone, fine-grained | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | SANDSTONE, FINE-GRAINED |  |  |  |  | Buildings | Merseyside usage |  | D Cameron | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3541 | Biotite Granite | 1 |  |  | GREY |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | BIOTITE-GRANITE |  |  |  |  | Ornamental | Merseyside usage |  | D Cameron | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3542 | Diorite | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | Diorite |  |  |  |  | Ornamental | Merseyside usage |  | D Cameron | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3543 | [NAME] | 1 |  |  | GREEN |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | DOLERITE |  |  |  |  | Ornamental | Merseyside usage |  | D Cameron | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3544 | Grey Granite | 1 |  |  | GREY |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | GRANITE |  |  |  |  | Ornamental | Merseyside usage |  | D Cameron | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3545 | Limestone, coarse-grained | 1 |  |  | GREY |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | Limestone, coarse-grained |  |  |  |  | Buildings | Merseyside usage |  | D Cameron | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3546 | [NAME], fossiliferous | 1 |  |  | YELLOW |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | LIMESTONE, FOSSILIFEROUS | Coarse-grained |  |  |  | Ornamental | Merseyside usage |  | D Cameron | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3547 | Sandstone Flags | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  | Roofing | Merseyside usage |  | D Cameron | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3548 | [NAME] | 3505 | Lower Keuper Sandstone | Sandstone-dominated, with sporadic conglomerates, particularly towards the base, and siltstones |  |  |  | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3549 | Old [NAME] | 3529 |  |  | GREY | Uniform | [NAME] | OLD [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Cross bedding. Fine lamination, Flaggy, mica rich layers. Interbedded with sandy siltstone layers. | The fine grained grey rock can have a green tinge when fresh. Around this area it often shows mica rich flaggy layers and fine lamination. | The greenish grey tinge of fresh faces is much less evident when weathered. | Quarried around the Billinge area as a source of flagstones for pavind, roofing, fencing (when placed on edge) and building stone. | Outcrops around the St Helens area of Merseyside. Quarried extensively around Billinge. Possibly also quarried around Prescot, [NAME] and at nearby Windlehurst Quarry |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, [NAME], R C B et al 1938. [NAME] district. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 84 (England and Wales). Merseyside RIGS records held at Merseyside Biobank. Conversations and correspondence with [NAME] of the Stone Roofing Association and the English Stone Forum. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3550 | [NAME] | 3529 | Upholland Flags |  | GREY | Uniform | [NAME] | [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Cross bedding. Fine lamination, Ripple marks Flaggy, mica rich layers. Interbedded with sandy siltstone layers. Trace fossils | Hard mica rich flaggy rock with fine laminations, ripple marks and trace fossils. | Weathers brown | Quarried around the Billinge area as a source of flagstones for paving, roofing, fencing (when placed on edge) and building stone. | Outcrops around the St Helens area of Merseyside. Quarried extensively around Billinge |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, [NAME], R C B et al 1938. [NAME] district. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 84 (England and Wales). Merseyside RIGS records held at Merseyside Biobank. Conversations and correspondence with [NAME] of the Stone Roofing Association and the English Stone Forum.      Aiken, J 1795 A Description of the Country from Thirty to Forty Miles Round Manchester. [NAME] and [NAME], Newton Abbott. | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
3551 | Glacio fluvial cobbles | 1 | Cobbles |  |  |  | Varies according to the type of source rock. | GLACIOFLUVIAL DEPOSITS | PLEISTOCENE [OBSOLETE CODE: USE QP] | NOT ENTERED | Pebble and cobble grade | Sometimes exposures of glacio-fluvial cobbles and pebbles found in situ after being deposited by [NAME] can show graded bedding, with the largest and heaviest at the base, fining upwards. Pebbles and cobbles found in boulder clay which has not been reworked by meltwater tend to be poorly sorted, with a wide range of different sizes of pebbles and cobbles all mixed together. | Cobbles can be made of a variety of rock types, including exotic rock types from far outside the area such as granites from the Lake District and  Scotland, which were carried along in the ice sheets and deposited in Merseyside when the ice melted. The cobbles occasionally show grooves or striations where the rocks were scratched by other rocks as they were carried along in the ice. The cobbles are often well rounded due to being water worn in the meltwater when the ice sheets melted. | The remaining glacio-fluvial cobbles tend to be fairly hard and resistant, having survived  erosion during transport by ice and meltwater. | Probably used to make cobble stone yards adjacent to buildings, cobble lined paths and early roads but were not easy to travel over. Possibly used in walls. More recently they tend to be used for decorative purposes, set into concrete adjacent to a few buildings. | Widely distributed throughout much of Merseyside either within the deposits of boulder clay or washed into streams and rivers that have cut into the boulder clay. |  | [NAME] | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON, Wedd, C B et al 1923. The geology of Liverpool and the [NAME], Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 (England and Wales).  Howard, A S et al 2007. Geology of the Liverpool district. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 96 Liverpool (England and Wales).  [NAME], R C B et al 1938. [NAME] district. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, Sheet 84 (England and Wales). | 2012-05-16 10:20:54
11734 | Cumbrian Roofing Slate | 1 |  | Grey or green slates |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | SLATE | Fine grained |  |  |  | Roofing | England |  | D Cameron | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside English Heritage Atlas Area | Merseyside Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:54