Spreadsheet: 04cb284c-94db-4c5b-9c5f-649a6ddfed6d
Sheet: Stones

BUILDING_STONE_ID | STONE_NAME | PARENT BUILDING STONE  ID | ALTERNATIVE_NAMES | [NAME] | COLOUR | COLOUR_VARIATION | WEATHERED COLOUR | LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY | CHRONOSTRAT | STONE_LITHOLOGY | GRAIN_SIZE | [NAME] | KEY_IDENTIFICATION_FEATURES | FAILURE_WEATHERING | CONTEXT_OF_USE | LOCALITY_OF_USE | DATE_COMPILED | COMPILED_BY | MINERAL PLANNING AREA | English Heritage Atlas Area | SOURCE_OF_INFO | retrieval_date
3385 | Runcorn Red Sandstone | 3303 | Runcorn Stone | Sandstone-dominated, with sporadic conglomerates, particularly towards the base, and siltstones. Typically coarse grained at base then fine to medium grained. Grains often angular to subangular. Abundant rounded ‘millet seed’ grains. Can contain lots of mica. | RED | Mottled | Red | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | PEBBLY SANDSTONE | Medium-grained | Current bedding | Strong red, cross bedded sandstone | Can be variation in the cementation of grains so that some horizons are softer and friable and not good for building stone yet at other horizons the grains are strongly cemented, in places by silica, and make good building stone. | Building stone | Manchester usage | 2011-06-30 00:00:00 | C [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | GM Buildings Spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4301 | Blue Lias | 1 | [NAME] |  | GREY | Uniform | Blue-grey, yellowish | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] | JURASSIC | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Regular tabular to undulating, lenticular limestone beds, with fine laminations. Upper surface of some limestones very uneven with deep shale-filled hollows, brecciated and jointed with calcite veining. | Thin, up to 15cm thick, grey to pale grey, limestone bands, varying from earthy to procellaneous, in a predominantly well bedded mudstone and platy mudstone sequence. | Pure limestone relatively hard and splintery, weathers to soft, pale grey sticky clay. | Very local use, confined to outcrop area, and then as occasional rough rubblestone and walling stone. | Restricted to small semicircular outcrop (up to 5 km wide) along southern edge of county around Dodcott and Wilkesley, and Coxbank, extending to just south of [NAME]. | 2010-10-14 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Poole & Whiteman, 1966 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4302 | Waterstones | 1 | [NAME] | Most mudstone and siltstone beds are reddish brown, though green-grey mottles and laminae are common. Occasional small gypsum nodules occur in the generally structureless, blocky mudstones. The siltstones are also micaceous and interlaminated with mudstones or sandstones. | BROWN | Uniform | Brownish, grey-brown | [NAME] | TRIASSIC | SILTSTONE | Fine grained | Bedding is generally planar, many beds are tabular and laterally extensive, though channel sandstones occur and typically have incised, erosional bases. The upper surfaces of sandstones and coarse siltstones are commonly wave or current rippled; in section the sandstones are usually planar or ripple-laminated, and exhibit sporadic rootlets. Other sedimentary structures (sun cracks, ripple marks, salt pseudomorphs) are common and important distinguishing features. | Heterolithic, comprising interlaminated and interbedded siltstones, mudstones and sandstones in approximately equal proportions. The sandstones are mostly very fine- to fine-grained, well sorted, and micaceous. Sandstone beds are commonly less than 0.5 m thick, though composite units, consisting of several individual sandstone beds, may reach over 5 m thick. Intraformational mudclast conglomerates are common, with mudclasts concentrated at the bases of sandstone beds. Conglomerates with extraformational pebbles are rare and tend to be less than 1m thick. The sandstones are grey-brown and substantially paler than the siltstones and mudstones. | Fine-grained sandstones, typically cemented by ferroan calcite or dolomite are more resistant than either siltstone or mudstone lithologies. | Local use all along outcrop areas and elsewhere within the county; flaggy sandstones from Tarporley Siltstone quarries were formerly used as hearth-stones, doorsteps and window-sills. | A series of often (partially) fault-bounded outcrops throughout Cheshire: in west part of the county occurs between [NAME] and [NAME], mainly centered on [NAME], western Delamere Forest, around Willington, and [NAME]; further east occurs as thin fault-bounded linear exposures around Monks Heath and [NAME];  in north Cheshire crops out as small exposures south of the River Mersey around Frodsham and east Runcorn, but these are partly concelaed beneath glacial boulder clay; and in north east Cheshire crops out as small scattered exposures around Bollington and [NAME], and also as N-S trending linear outcrops around Alderlery Edge and Wilmslow; in south Cheshire the outcrop area occurs around Malpas between Newton and Hampton. | 2010-10-15 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Strahan, 1882; Poole & Whiteman, 1966; [NAME] et al, 1968; Warrington, 1970; Warrington et al, 1980; Earp & Taylor 1986 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4303 | Tarporley Siltstones | 4302 | Waterstones | Most mudstone and siltstone beds are reddish brown, though green-grey mottles and laminae are common. Occasional small gypsum nodules occur in the generally structureless, blocky mudstones. The siltstones are also micaceous and interlaminated with mudstones or sandstones. | BROWN | Uniform | Brownish, grey-brown | [NAME] | TRIASSIC | SILTSTONE | Fine grained | Bedding is generally planar, may beds are tabular and laterally extensive, though channel sandstones occur and typically have incised, erosional bases. The upper surfaces of sandstones and coarse siltstones are commonly wave or current rippled; in section the sandstones are usually planar or ripple-laminated, and exhibit sporadic rootlets. Other sedimentary structures (sun cracks, ripple marks, salt pseudomorphs) are common and important distinguishing features. | Heterolithic, comprising interlaminated and interbedded siltstones, mudstones and sandstones in approximately equal proportions. The sandstones are mostly very fine- to fine-grained, well sorted, and micaceous. Sandstone beds are commonly less than 0.5m thick, though composite units, consisting of several individual sandstone beds, may reach over 5 m thick. Intraformational mudclast conglomerates are common, with mudclasts concentrated at the bases of sandstone beds. Conglomerates with extraformational pebbles are rare and tend to be less than 1m thick. The sandstones are grey-brown and substantially paler than the siltstones and mudstones. | Fine-grained sandstones, typically cemented by ferroan calcite or dolomite are more resistant than either siltstone or mudstone lithologies. | Local use all along outcrop areas and elsewhere within the county; flaggy sandstones from Tarporley Siltstone quarries were formerly used as hearth-stones, doorsteps and window-sills. | A series of often (partially) fault-bounded outcrops throughout Cheshire: in west part of the county occurs between [NAME] and [NAME], mainly centered on [NAME], western Delamere Forest, around Willington, and [NAME]; further east occurs as thin fault-bounded linear exposures around Monks Heath and [NAME];  in north Cheshire crops out as small exposures south of the River Mersey around Frodsham and east Runcorn, but these are partly concealed beneath glacial boulder clay; and in north east Cheshire crops out as small scattered exposures around Bollington and [NAME], and also as N-S trending linear outcrops around Alderley Edge and Wilmslow; in south Cheshire the outcrop area occurs around Malpas between Newton and Hampton. | 2010-10-15 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Strahan, 1882; Poole & Whiteman, 1966; [NAME] et al, 1968; Warrington, 1970; Warrington et al, 1980; Earp & Taylor 1986 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4304 | Malpas Sandstone | 1 |  | Up to 180-200m thick, locally developed sandstone-rich facies of the Tarporley Siltstone Formation, occuring in the upper part of that formation. | RED | Mottled | Reddish, dark red | MALPAS SANDSTONE MEMBER | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Gentle, low angle current bedding, otherwise rather massive. Finer mudstone interbeds with ripple marks, coarsely micaceous bands and sun-cracks. | Massive bright red fine to medium grained sandstones, with abundant medium-grained 'millet-seed' sand grains. Some beds with grey to fawn blotches and bands. Subordinate bands of red-brown to brownish fine-grained, micaceous and laminated sandstones, coarse siltstones and occasional mudstones occur; these resemble lithologies of the parent [NAME]. Upper Malpas Sandstone beds (directly beneath the [NAME]) contain abundant pale [NAME] crystals which show prominently on weathered surfaces. | Moderately soft, but more resistant than parent [NAME] outcrop. Weathers in typically rounded forms with hollows and cavities. | Used extensively as quality building stone within outcrop area and wider, especially town of [NAME], which is built substantially from this sandstone. | Outcrops in south Cheshire, mainly around Malpas area. | 2010-10-14 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Stephens, 1961; Poole & Whiteman, 1966; [NAME], 2008 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4305 | [NAME] | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | SHERWOOD SANDSTONE GROUP | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ? | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area |  | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4306 | Lower Keuper Sandstone | 4305 | [NAME] | Variable, from 140 m up to 250 m thick (proved in boreholes). | RED | Uniform | Dark orange-red, dark reddish brown, greyish brown, dark grey | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Massive or planar bedded, but marked cross-bedding and large scale dune bedding are common and characteristic. 'Dome-shaped dune' structures occur in the upper [NAME] Member. Sole structures occur rarely. | The lower part of the Helsby Sandstone (the Delamere Member) consists of fairly well cemented, reddish-brown, locally grey or [NAME], mainly coarse-grained, cross-bedded sandstones with much clay-gall conglomerate, especially in the lower parts of each major unit. Interbedded dark red micaceous shaly mudstones and siltstones also occur. The upper part (the [NAME] Member) comprises relatively soft, finer-grained, very highly cross-bedded, red-brown, [NAME] or grey sandstones, with few pebble horizons. | Lower sandstones and conglomerates (Delamere Member) generally resistant and well cemented, with calcite, haematite and baryte present. Mud-flakes tend to weather away on exposed faces producing a rough honeycomb surface. Upper sandstones ([NAME] Member) weakly cemented and relatively soft in comparison to underlying Delamere Member, but is harder than typical Upper Mottled Sandstone. | The harder sandstones, pebbly sandstones and conglomerate beds make good building stones, and are much used along the outcrop, especially for farm buildlings and stone walls. | The Helsby Sandstone forms much of the high ground of the mid Cheshire hills, but the outcrop is faulted and discontinuous. There are three main areas of outcrop: the Helsby-Manley outlier, escarpments and hilly ground between Rileybank and rangeway bank farm, and narrow outcrops near Kelsall. A large outcrop lies around Delamere, Willington, Quarrybank and [NAME]. In the south, Beeston castle surmounts a small inlier of Helsby Sandstone, detached from another major outcrop that forms Peckforton Hills with a faulted appendage between Burwardsley and Bolesworth Castle. In south Cheshire the beds occur in an NE-SW trending narrow belt between [NAME] and Broxton. In north Cheshire the strata are intermittently exposed from Frodsham to Runcorn to south Warrington, but are heavily concealed beneath boulder clay and [NAME] drift. Further east in the county, the [NAME] crop out northeast of High [NAME], around Wilmslow, and between [NAME] and Prestbury, extending south to west Macclesfield. A small exposure is also present south of Alsager. | 2010-10-15 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Poole & Whiteman, 1966; [NAME] et al, 1968; Warrington, 1970; Warrington et al, 1980; Earp & Taylor 1986 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4307 | Helsby Sandstone | 4306 | [NAME] | Variable, from 140 m up to 250 m thick (proved in boreholes). | RED | Uniform | Dark orange-red, dark reddish brown, greyish brown, dark grey | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Massive or planar bedded, but marked cross-bedding and large scale dune bedding are common and characteristic. 'Dome-shaped dune' structures occur in the upper [NAME] Member. Sole structures occur rarely. | The lower part of the Helsby Sandstone (the Delamere Member) consists of fairly well cemented, reddish-brown, locally grey or [NAME], mainly coarse-grained, cross-bedded sandstones with much clay-gall conglomerate, especially in the lower parts of each major unit. Interbedded dark red micaceous shaly mudstones and siltstones also occur. The upper part (the [NAME] Member) comprises relatively soft, finer-grained, very highly cross-bedded, red-brown, [NAME] or grey sandstones, with few pebble horizons. | Lower sandstones and conglomerates (Delamere Member) generally resistant and well cemented, with calcite, haematite and baryte present. Mud-flakes tend to weather away on exposed faces producing a rough honeycomb surface. Upper sandstones ([NAME] Member) weakly cemented and realtively soft in comparison to underlying Delamere Member, but is harder than typical Upper Mottled Sandstone. | The harder sandstones, pebbly sandstones and conglomerate beds make good building stones, and are much used along the outcrop, including in the construction (and restoration) of [NAME], the old city walls and Eastgate Street, [NAME], [NAME] and numerous churches (as at Helsby), farms and cottages. | The Helsby Sandstone forms much of the high ground of the mid Cheshire hills, but the outcrop is faulted and discontinuous. There are three main areas of outcrop: the Helsby-Manley outlier, escarpments and hilly ground between Rileybank and Rangeway Bank farm, and narrow outcrops near Kelsall. A large outcrop lies around Delamere, Willington, Quarrybank and [NAME]. In the south, Beeston castle surmounts a small inlier of Helsby sandstone, detached from another major outcrop that forms Peckforton Hills with a faulted appendage between Burwardsley and Bolesworth Castle. In south Cheshire the beds occur in an NE-SW trending narrow belt between [NAME] and Broxton. In north Cheshire the strata are intermittently exposed from Frodsham to Runcorn to south Warrington, but are heavily concealed beneath boulder clay and [NAME] drift. Further east in the county, the [NAME] crop out northeast of [NAME], around Wilmslow, and between [NAME] and Prestbury, extending south to west Macclesfield. A small exposure is also present south of Alsager. | 2010-10-15 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Poole & Whiteman, 1966; [NAME] et al, 1968; Warrington, 1970; Warrington et al, 1980; Earp & Taylor 1986 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4308 | [NAME] | 4307 | Helsby Sandstone | Variable, from 140 m up to 250 m thick (proved in boreholes). | RED | Uniform | Dark orange-red, dark reddish brown, greyish brown, dark grey | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Massive or planar bedded, but marked cross-bedding and large scale dune bedding are common and characteristic. 'Dome-shaped dune' structures occur in the upper [NAME] Member. Sole structures occur rarely. | The lower part of the Helsby Sandstone (the Delamere Member) consists of fairly well cemented, reddish-brown, locally grey or [NAME], mainly coarse-grained, cross-bedded sandstones with much clay-gall conglomerate, especially in the lower parts of each major unit. Interbedded dark red micaceous shaly mudstones and siltstones also occur. The upper part (the [NAME] Member) comprises relatively soft, finer-grained, very highly cross-bedded, red-brown, [NAME] or grey sandstones, with few pebble horizons. | Lower sandstones and conglomerates (Delamere Member) generally resistant and well cemented, with calcite, haematite and baryte present. Mud-flakes tend to weather away on exposed faces producing a rough honeycomb surface. Upper sandstones ([NAME] Member) weakly cemented and realtively soft in comparison to underlying Delamere Member, but is harder than typical Upper Mottled Sandstone. | The harder sandstones, pebbly sandstones and conglomerate beds make good building stones, and are much used along the outcrop, including in the construction (and restoration) of [NAME], the old city walls and Eastgate Street, [NAME], [NAME] and numerous churches (as at Helsby), farms and cottages. | The Helsby Sandstone forms much of the high ground of the mid Cheshire hills, but the outcrop is faulted and discontinuous. There are three main areas of outcrop: the Helsby-Manley outlier, escarpments and hilly ground between Rileybank and Rangeway Bank farm, and narrow outcrops near Kelsall. A large outcrop lies around Delamere, Willington, Quarrybank and [NAME]. In the south, Beeston castle surmounts a small inlier of Helsby sandstone, detached from another major outcrop that forms Peckforton Hills with a faulted appendage between Burwardsley and Bolesworth Castle. In south Cheshire the beds occur in an NE-SW trending narrow belt between [NAME] and Broxton. In north Cheshire the strata are intermittently exposed from Frodsham to Runcorn to south Warrington, but are heavily concealed beneath boulder clay and [NAME] drift. Further east in the county, the [NAME] crop out northeast of [NAME], around Wilmslow, and between [NAME] and Prestbury, extending south to west Macclesfield. A small exposure is also present south of Alsager. | 2010-10-15 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Poole & Whiteman, 1966; [NAME] et al, 1968; Warrington, 1970; Warrington et al, 1980; Earp & Taylor 1986 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4309 | [NAME] | 4306 |  | Approximately 55 m thick in the Marsden area, north Cheshire. | RED | Uniform | Reddish orange, orange brown | FRODSHAM SANDSTONE MEMBER | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE, MEDIUM-GRAINED | Fine grained | Massive or current bedded, large scale dune bedding common, also characterised by presence of 'dome-shaped dune' structures. | Red to reddish-orange, grey or [NAME], soft predominantly fine-grained sandstone; well-sorted with spherical to subspherical 'millet-seed' sand grains in a red argillaceous matrix. Not appreciably pebbly, but contain numerous small nodal accretions of harder, barite-cemented material. | Weakly cemented and reltively soft in comparison to underlying Delamere Member, but is harder than typical Upper Mottled Sandstone. | Locally used along outcrop. | The Helsby Sandstone forms much of the high ground of the mid Cheshire hills, but the outcrop is faulted and discontinuous. There are three main areas of outcrop: the Helsby-Manley outlier, escarpments and hilly ground between Rileybank and rangeway bank farm, and narrow outcrops near Kelsall. A large outcrop lies around Delamere, Willington, Quarrybank and [NAME]. In the south, Beeston castle surmounts a small inlier of helsby sandstone, detached from another major outcrop that forms Peckforton Hills with a faulted appendage between Burwardsley and Bolesworth Castle. In south Cheshire the beds occur in an NE-SW trending narrow belt between [NAME] and Broxton. In north Cheshire the strata are intermittently exposed from Frodsham to Runcorn to south Warrington, but are heavily concealed beneath boulder clay and [NAME] drift. Further east in the county, the [NAME] crop out northeast of High [NAME], around Wilmslow, and between [NAME] and Prestbury, extending south to west Macclesfield. A small exposure is also present south of Alsager. | 2010-10-15 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Poole & Whiteman, 1966; [NAME] et al, 1968; Thompson, 1969, 1970a, 1970b; Warrington, 1970; Warrington et al, 1980; Earp & Taylor 1986 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4310 | Delamere Sandstone | 4306 | Keuper Sandstone Conglomerate | Thickness varies from 40 m (Helsby) to approximately 90 m (Wirral). The Member is more strongly cemented than the formations immediately above and below, and is therefore commonly more resistant and consequentially commonly feature-forming. Invariably the base of this member is marked by an erosion surface or channel. Fossils include rare casts of reptile footprints and worm burrows. | BROWN | Uniform | Dark reddish brown, greyish brown, dark grey | DELAMERE SANDSTONE MEMBER | TRIASSIC | CONGLOMERATE | Pebble grade | Planar and marked trough cross- bedding is a characteristic feature, especially in the more massive lower part of the succession, where abundant pebbles and fragments are arranged in strings and lenses. Sole structures occur rarely. | Coarse-grained, dark reddish-brown, red-orange, pale yellow to grey sandstones, gritstones and pebbly sandstones, containing well-rounded hard, pale grey or dark purple quartzitic pebbles similar to, but generally smaller than (up to 2.5 cm), the pebbles of the Chester Pebble Beds. Subordinate red and green mudstone beds also occur. The lowest beds (the Passage Beds) comprise a series of hard, flaggy brown sandstones with interbedded red 'millet-seed' sandstone. Large intraformational angular fragments of these sandstones and pieces of Upper Mottled Sandstone are commonly found in some layers. The number of quartzitic pebbles rapidly diminishes upwards, and in the upper most 7 m only red and green mud-flakes occur. Matrix generally coarse-grained brown subangular sand, coarse mica flakes occur sporadically. | Rock generally resistant and well cemented, with calcite, haematite and baryte present. Mud-flakes tend to weather away on exposed faces producing a rough honeycomb surface. | The harder sandstones, pebbly sandstones and conglomerate beds make good building stones, and are much used along the outcrop, especially for farm buildlings and stone walls, but also including railway stations and schoolhouses (as at Delamere and Harthill respectively). | Known to crop out in an a narrow NE-SW trending belt extending from south Cheshire near Threapwood, and forms the resistant cap rock of the scarps around Broxton, Clutton, Bulkeley and Duckington, extending to the Burwardsley and Peckforton Hill areas. A series of NW-SE fault-bounded exposures of the conglomerate also occur immediately east of [NAME], near [NAME]. | 2010-10-15 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Poole & Whiteman, 1966; [NAME] et al, 1968; Thompson, 1970a, 1970b; Warrington, 1970; Warrington et al, 1980; Earp & Taylor 1986 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4311 | Keuper Sandstone Conglomerate | 4310 | Delamere Sandstone | Thickness varies from 40 m (Helsby) to approximately 90 m (Wirral). The Member is more strongly cemented than the formations immediately above and below, and is therefore commonly more resistant and consequentially commonly feature-forming. Invariably the base of this member is marked by an erosion surface or channel. Fossils include rare casts of reptile footprints and worm burrows. | BROWN | Uniform | Dark reddish brown, greyish brown, dark grey | DELAMERE SANDSTONE MEMBER | TRIASSIC | CONGLOMERATE | Pebble grade | Planar and marked trough cross- bedding is a characteristic feature, especially in the more massive lower part of the succession, where abundant pebbles and fragments are arranged in strings and lenses. Sole structures occur rarely. | Coarse-grained, dark reddish-brown, red-orange, pale yellow to grey sandstones, gritstones and pebbly sandstones, containing well-rounded hard, pale grey or dark purple quartzitic pebbles similar to, but generally smaller than (up to 2.5 cm), the pebbles of the Chester Pebble Beds. Subordinate red and green mudstone beds also occur. The lowest beds (the Passage Beds) comprise a series of hard, flaggy brown sandstones with interbedded red 'millet-seed' sandstone. Large intraformational angular fragments of these sandstones and pieces of Upper Mottled Sandstone are commonly found in some layers. The number of quartzitic pebbles rapidly diminishes upwards, and in the upper most 7 m only red and green mud-flakes occur. Matrix generally coarse-grained brown subangular sand, coarse mica flakes occur sporadically. | Rock generally resistant and well cemented, with calcite, haematite and baryte present. Mud-flakes tend to weather away on exposed faces producing a rough honeycomb surface. | The harder sandstones, pebbly sandstones and conglomerate beds make good building stones, and are much used along the outcrop, especially for farm buildlings and stone walls, but also including railway stations and schoolhouses (as at Delamere and Harthill respectively). | Known to crop out in an a narrow NE-SW trending belt extending from south Cheshire near Threapwood, and forms the resistant cap rock of the scarps around Broxton, Clutton, Bulkeley and Duckington, extending to the Burwardsley and Peckforton Hill areas. A series of NW-SE fault-bounded exposures of the conglomerate also occur immediately east of [NAME], near [NAME]. | 2010-10-15 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Poole & Whiteman, 1966; [NAME] et al, 1968; Thompson, 1970a, 1970b; Warrington, 1970; Warrington et al, 1980; Earp & Taylor 1986 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4312 | Passage (Basement) Beds | 4306 |  | Thickness varies from 0 m to a maximum of approximately 15 m (Bulkeley Hill). | BROWN | Uniform | Dark reddish brown, greyish brown | DELAMERE SANDSTONE MEMBER | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Planar and trough cross- bedding occurs in the sandstones. | Massive, well-bedded, fairly coarse-grained hard brown sandstones and flaggy reddish-brown sandstones with red and green mudstones, interbedded with red millet-seed sandstones. | More massive sandstones generally resistant and well cemented. | The harder sandstones make good building stones, and are used locally  especially for farm buildlings and stone walls, including [NAME]. | Known to occur west of Nantwich (in the Bulkeley Hill - Raw Head - Gallantry bank area) and south and east of [NAME], notably at [NAME] (Beestone Castle hill). | 2010-02-03 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Poole & Whiteman, 1966; Earp & Taylor 1986 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4313 | [NAME] | 4306 |  | Thickness varies from 40 m (Helsby) to approximately 90 m (Wirral). The Member is more strongly cemented than the formations immediately above and below, and is therefore commonly more resistant and consequentially commonly feature-forming. | BROWN | Uniform | Dark reddish brown, greyish brown, dark grey | DELAMERE SANDSTONE MEMBER | TRIASSIC | CONGLOMERATE | Pebble grade | Planar and marked trough cross- bedding is a characteristic feature, especially in the more massive lower part of the succession, where abundant pebbles and fragments are arranged in strings and lenses. | Coarse-grained, dark reddish-brown, red-orange, pale yellow to grey sandstones, gritstones and pebbly sandstones, containing well-rounded hard, pale grey or dark purple quartzitic pebbles similar to, but generally smaller than (up to 2.5 cm), the pebbles of the Chester Pebble Beds. Subordinate red and green mudstone beds also occur. The lowest beds comprise a series of hard, flaggy brown sandstones with interbedded red 'millet-seed' sandstone. Large intraformational angular fragments of these sandstones and pieces of Upper Mottled Sandstone are commonly found in some layers. The number of quartzitic pebbles rapidly diminishes upwards, and in the upper most 7 m only red and green mud-flakes occur. Matrix generally coarse-grained brown subangular sand, coarse mica flakes occur sporadically. | Rock generally resistant and well cemented, with calcite, haematite and baryte present. Mud-flakes tend to weather away on exposed faces producing a rough honeycomb surface. | The harder sandstones, pebbly sandstones and conglomerate beds make good building stones, and are much used along the outcrop, especially for farm buildlings and stone walls. | Local development and name for the Keuper Sandstone Conglomerate facies at Peckforton, approximately 5 km SE of Tattenhall, Chester district. | 2010-10-15 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Poole & Whiteman, 1966; [NAME] et al, 1968; Thompson, 1970a, 1970b; Warrington, 1970; Warrington et al, 1980; Earp & Taylor 1986 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4314 | Red Alderley Edge Stone | 1 | [NAME] | Purplish red, fine-grained, slightly micaceous sandstone | RED |  |  | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Fine grained |  | Purplish red, fine-grained, slightly micaceous sandstone |  | ? | From quarry at Alderley Edge | 2010-05-17 00:00:00 | D Cameron | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Watson 1911 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4315 | [NAME] | 1 | [NAME] | Yellow, fine-grained, slightly micaceous sandstone | YELLOW |  |  | HELSBY SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Fine grained |  | Yellow, fine-grained, slightly micaceous sandstone |  | ? | From quarry at Alderley Edge | 2010-05-17 00:00:00 | D Cameron | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Watson 1911 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4316 | Upper Mottled Sandstone | 4305 |  | Thickness probably exceeds 300 m throughout the district, and unlike the Lower Mottled Sandstone, the Upper Mottled Sandstone is visible in many natural exposures. The characteristic mottling is due to secondary post-depositional processes, possibly associated to mineralisation. | RED | Mottled | Red and reddish brown, with dark [NAME] and [NAME]. | WILMSLOW SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross-stratified and current bedding is typical of this formation, slump structures and contorted bedding occur occasionally. | Generally soft, incoherent, fine to medium-grained, foxy red and reddish-brown sandstones, extensively and characteristically mottled with [NAME] and grey patches, blotches and bands. Sporadic thin beds of grey sandstone, and partings of red and grey silty shale also occur, The coarser, more mica-free sandstones usually contain 'millet-seed' sand grains, and there are bands of laminated shaly sandstone at some levels. | The normal 'mottled red sandstone' facies of this formation is readily weathered into characteristic wind-blown holes, hollows and caves, and is too soft and easily eroded to be used as a building stone. Where affected by baryte mineralisation (indicated by abundant pale-buff rosettes of baryte crystals) the sandstones are grey or greyish-brown in colour and become hard and resistant. | Mostly not used as a building or walling stone due to its softness, although the much harder and resistant baryte-rich grey coloured facies is used locally near Overton ([NAME]) and along the scarps of the mid-Cheshire ridge. | Extensive surface outcrop through [NAME]; a main central swathe extends from the south (Tilston/Clutton) and extending north in a belt via Burwardsley to Ashton to [NAME] and [NAME]; exposures around Runcron, Widnes and Warrington are almost entirely obscured by boulder clay and [NAME] drift deposits;in north- eastern Cheshire the formation occurs as a broad belt extending from Wilmslow to near Bramhall, thinning southwards to Prestbury and western [NAME]. | 2010-12-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Poole & Whiteman, 1966; [NAME] et al, 1968; Warrington et al, 1980; Earp & Taylor 1986 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4317 | Bunter Pebble Beds | 4305 | [NAME] | Formation up to approximately 300 m thick, but variable. Pebbles are mostly smooth and well rounded, rarely exceeding 15 cm in length. They are mostly brown, reddish or [NAME] with some vein-quartz, sandstone, chert, igneous or metamorphic clasts. The pebbles occur either scattered throughout the rock or locally in sufficient abundance to form lenses of shingle or clast-supported conglomerate. | RED | Uniform | Reddish brown, dark red - purple. | CHESTER PEBBLE BEDS FORMATION | TRIASSIC | PEBBLY SANDSTONE | Pebble grade | Cross-stratification is typical of the formation, occasional clay-galls (within pebbly layers), slump structures and wedge bedding are visible in some exposures. | Medium to coarse-grained reddish brown, cross-bedded sandstone, typically incorporating characteristic rounded quartzitic pebbles mostly from 5-8 cm across. Sandstone beds with few or no pebbles are present, with occasional thin bands of biscuit-coloured argillaceous sandstone, siltstones and thin layers of chocolate mudstone. '[NAME]-seed' sand grains are common in the coarser, more mica-free beds of sandstone. Particularly conglomeratic horizons occur towards the lower parts of the sequence east of [NAME]. | Sandstone varies from incoherent to well cemented, the latter being more compact and sufficiently durable for use as a building stone. | The harder sandstones and conglomerates are widely and extensively used as a building stone along the outcrop. Well cemented sandstones with scattered pebbles were formerly much quarried for building stone in Chester and in the vilages of Eccleston, Christleton, Waverton, Saighton, Handley, Tattenhall and [NAME]. | Extensive surface outcrop through [NAME]; a main central swathe extends from the south (Castletown/Shocklach Hall and Holt/Farndon areas) through the Chester district including east [NAME], [NAME], Tattenhall and [NAME]. The formation is largely obscured by drift northwards towards the River Mersey, Ellesmere Port and [NAME]; also crops out immediately  north of [NAME] and then extends to northeast corner of the county as a NS trending belt running east of Wilmslow and via Tytherington, [NAME] and Poynton to Bramhall. The formation also occurs in southeastern parts of [NAME], mainly as small, fault-bounded exposures near Kidsgrove, and between Scholar Green and Astbury. | 2010-10-15 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Poole & Whiteman, 1966; [NAME] et al, 1968; Warrington et al, 1980; Earp & Taylor 1986 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4318 | Lower Mottled Sandstone | 4305 |  | Too soft to be used as a building stone unless baryte impregnated |  |  |  | KINNERTON SANDSTONE FORMATION | TRIASSIC | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  | ? | Too soft to be used as a building stone, unless baryte impregnated | 2010-12-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Poole & Whiteman, 1966; Earp & Taylor, 1986 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4319 | Collyhurst Sandstone | 1 | Permian Sandstone | Homogenous 'millet seed' appearance to individual sand grains is characteristic. | RED | Uniform | Red brown to orange brown, becoming blackish on water stained surfaces. | COLLYHURST SANDSTONE FORMATION | PERMIAN | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross bedded units, and some fining-upwards sequences within sands also occur. | A brownish-red to brownish-orange sandstone with abundant beds of 'millet seed' sand grains alternating with beds of fine-grained sharp sand; some interbedded grey sandstones locally. | Relatively soft in comparison to other red sandstones in Cheshire. | Used very locally as occasional rubblestone and walling stone on account of its relative ease of weathering. Very small outcrop area within county. | Very limited outcrop, confined to the north-east corner of the county, where occurs as a  3 km long 'triangular sliver' extending from Poynton northwards to [NAME] and Stockport (outside the county) where the outcrop is much wider. | 2010-10-12 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Tonks et al, 1931; Poole & Whiteman, 1955; Griffiths, Shand & Ingram, 2003 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4320 | [NAME] | 1 |  | Borehole data confirms formation attains thickness of up to 300 m. Sparsely fossiliferous, including plants and small crustaceans | RED | Uniform | Reddish brown, dark red - purple. | SALOP FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Planar lamination, occasional erosion surfaces and typical  Coal Measure cycles with sandstone beds capped by plant debris beds and seat earths. | Red fine-grained sandstones and purplish or greenish grey mudstones with subordinate carbonaceous layers and seat  earths. Thickest sandstones occur in lowest part of succession. | Relatively soft in comparison to other red sandstones in Cheshire. | Used very locally as occasional rubblestone and walling stone on account of its relative ease of weathering. | Outcrop confined to two Inliers south of Chester, a larger eastern inlier is bounded by Farndon - Coddington - Gatesheath - Hatton Heath; only the tip of a smaller western inlier occurs in Cheshire, just south of Poulton. | 2010-10-14 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Poole & Whiteman, 1966; Earp & Taylor, 1986 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4321 | Coal Measures Sandstones | 1 |  | Includes a series of individually named sandstone units up to 25 m thick (Woodhead Hill Rock, Milnrow Sandstone, [NAME], [NAME], Old [NAME]) which are virtually indistinguishable when ex-situ. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME] to cream. | PENNINE COAL MEASURES GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones flaggy in places, false-bedding is almost ubiquitous. | Medium-grained greyish sandstones, with impersistent finer- and coarser-grained bands. | Massive, coherent sandstone layers  fairly resistant; lower sandstones loosely cemented, less coherent and susceptible to deep yellow-brown weathering. | Used very locally as occasional rubblestone and walling stone. | Confined to north-eastern Cheshire, occuring as a series of N-S or NE-SW trending linear exposures from near Bollington to south of [NAME] via [NAME]. | 2010-10-14 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Evans et al, 1968 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4322 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstones | 4321 | Coal Measures Sandstones | Includes a series of individually named sandstone units up to 25 m thick (Woodhead Hill Rock, Milnrow Sandstone, [NAME], [NAME], Old [NAME]) which are virtually indistinguishable when ex-situ. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME] to cream. | PENNINE MIDDLE COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones flaggy in places, false-bedding is almost ubiquitous. | Medium-grained greyish sandstones, with impersistent finer- and coarser-grained bands. | Massive, coherent sandstone layers  fairly resistant; lower sandstones loosely cemented, less coherent and susceptible to deep yellow-brown weathering. | Used very locally as occasional rubblestone and walling stone. | Confined to north-eastern Cheshire, occuring as a series of N-S or NE-SW trending linear exposures from near Bollington to south of [NAME] via [NAME]. | 2010-10-14 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Evans et al, 1968 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4323 | Lower Coal Measures Sandstones | 4321 | Coal Measures Sandstones | Includes a series of individually named sandstone units up to 25 m thick (Woodhead Hill Rock, Milnrow Sandstone, [NAME], [NAME], Old [NAME]) which are virtually indistinguishable when ex-situ. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME] to cream. | PENNINE LOWER COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones flaggy in places, false-bedding is almost ubiquitous. | Medium-grained greyish sandstones, with impersistent finer- and coarser-grained bands. | Massive, coherent sandstone layers  fairly resistant; lower sandstones loosely cemented, less coherent and susceptible to deep yellow-brown weathering. | Used very locally as occasional rubblestone and walling stone. | Confined to north-eastern Cheshire, occuring as a series of N-S or NE-SW trending linear exposures from near Bollington to south of [NAME] via [NAME]. | 2010-10-14 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Evans et al, 1968 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4324 | [NAME] | 4323 | Lower Coal Measures Sandstones | Includes a series of individually named sandstone units up to 25 m thick (Woodhead Hill Rock, Milnrow Sandstone, [NAME], [NAME], Old [NAME]) which are virtually indistinguishable when ex-situ. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME] to cream. | PENNINE LOWER COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones flaggy in places, false-bedding is almost ubiquitous. | Medium-grained greyish sandstones, with impersistent finer- and coarser-grained bands. | Massive, coherent sandstone layers  fairly resistant; lower sandstones loosely cemented, less coherent and susceptible to deep yellow-brown weathering. | Used very locally as occasional rubblestone and walling stone. | Confined to north-eastern Cheshire, occuring as a series of N-S or NE-SW trending linear exposures from near Bollington to south of [NAME] via [NAME]. |  | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area |  | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4325 | Woodhead Hill Rock | 4323 | Lower Coal Measures Sandstones | Includes a series of individually named sandstone units up to 25 m thick (Woodhead Hill Rock, Milnrow Sandstone, [NAME], [NAME], Old [NAME]) which are virtually indistinguishable when ex-situ. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME] to cream. | WOODHEAD HILL ROCK | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones flaggy in places, false-bedding is almost ubiquitous. | Medium-grained greyish sandstones, with impersistent finer- and coarser-grained bands. | Massive, coherent sandstone layers  fairly resistant; lower sandstones loosely cemented, less coherent and susceptible to deep yellow-brown weathering. | Used very locally as occasional rubblestone and walling stone. | Confined to north-eastern Cheshire, occuring as a series of N-S or NE-SW trending linear exposures from near Bollington to south of [NAME] via [NAME]. |  | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area |  | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4326 | Milnrow Sandstone | 4323 | Lower Coal Measures Sandstones | Includes a series of individually named sandstone units up to 25 m thick (Woodhead Hill Rock, Milnrow Sandstone, [NAME], [NAME], Old [NAME]) which are virtually indistinguishable when ex-situ. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME] to cream. | MILNROW SANDSTONE | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones flaggy in places, false-bedding is almost ubiquitous. | Medium-grained greyish sandstones, with impersistent finer- and coarser-grained bands. | Massive, coherent sandstone layers  fairly resistant; lower sandstones loosely cemented, less coherent and susceptible to deep yellow-brown weathering. | Used very locally as occasional rubblestone and walling stone. | Confined to north-eastern Cheshire, occuring as a series of N-S or NE-SW trending linear exposures from near Bollington to south of [NAME] via [NAME]. |  | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area |  | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4327 | Kerridge Stone | 4323 | Milnrow Sandstone | Includes a series of individually named sandstone units up to 25 m thick (Woodhead Hill Rock, Milnrow Sandstone, [NAME], [NAME], Old [NAME]) which are virtually indistinguishable when ex-situ. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME] to cream. | MILNROW SANDSTONE | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones flaggy in places, false-bedding is almost ubiquitous. | Medium-grained greyish sandstones, with impersistent finer- and coarser-grained bands. | Massive, coherent sandstone layers  fairly resistant; lower sandstones loosely cemented, less coherent and susceptible to deep yellow-brown weathering. | Used very locally as occasional rubblestone and walling stone. | Confined to north-eastern Cheshire, occuring as a series of N-S or NE-SW trending linear exposures from near Bollington to south of [NAME] via [NAME]. |  | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area |  | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4328 | Old [NAME] | 4323 | Lower Coal Measures Sandstones | Includes a series of individually named sandstone units up to 25 m thick (Woodhead Hill Rock, Milnrow Sandstone, [NAME], [NAME], Old [NAME]) which are virtually indistinguishable when ex-situ. | GREY | Uniform | [NAME] to cream. | OLD [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones flaggy in places, false-bedding is almost ubiquitous. | Medium-grained greyish sandstones, with impersistent finer- and coarser-grained bands. | Massive, coherent sandstone layers  fairly resistant; lower sandstones loosely cemented, less coherent and susceptible to deep yellow-brown weathering. | Used very locally as occasional rubblestone and walling stone. | Confined to north-eastern Cheshire, occuring as a series of N-S or NE-SW trending linear exposures from near Bollington to south of [NAME] via [NAME]. |  | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area |  | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4329 | Millstone Grit | 1 |  | Sandstone units tend to form prominent ridges, escarpments, crags and tors. Three main sandstone/gritstone horizons are recognised along the main outcrop: Rough Rock, Chatsworth Grit and Roaches Grit. Local developments of other sandstone or gritstone units ocur, such as the Walker Barn Grits and [NAME], but these are indistinguishable ex-situ from the stratigraphically adjoining [NAME]. | PALE-PURPLE | Uniform | Variable, from creamish to pink, light purple and light grey. | MILLSTONE GRIT GROUP [SEE ALSO MIGR] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Sandstones often massive, with cross-bedded units and occasionally sole markings present. | Predominantly thickly bedded to massive, medium to coarse-grained quartzose and feldspathic sandstones and gritstones, sometimes with pebbly or conglomeratic horizons. These distinctive sandstone units are interbedded between thick sequences of dark grey to blackish shales and mudstones, occasionally with thin coal layers. | Resistant, especially well-cemented quartzose sandstones. Some units with large ferruginous concretions which typically exhibit sphaeroidal weathering. | Resistant sandstones and gritstones locally well used as building and walling stones, and formerly quarried extensively along outcrop. | South-eastern and eastern edges of Cheshire, main outcrop areas extending from Astbury and running east of Congleton via Wincle to [NAME] and [NAME]. | 2010-10-14 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Hull & Green, 1866; [NAME] et al, 1968; Bristow 1987 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4330 | Rough Rock b | 4329 | Millstone Grit | Thickness of unit about 30 m. Commonly forms a good feature on which there are several conspicuous tors. Sparsely fossilliferous, mainly bivalves and goniatites that occur in shales above and below the Rough Rock unit. | PALE-PURPLE | Uniform | Varies from whitish, through pinkish, purple and grey. | ROUGH ROCK | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Cross bedding and false-bedding commonly prominent. | Consistent lithology, comprising pink to light purple, medium to coarse-grained, massive feldspathic sandstones with rare seams of pebbles. Around [NAME] the lower part of the succession comprises finer-grained purple and grey sandstones, flaggy in places; the upper part consists of coarse-grained pale pink to purple gritstone with current bedding. | Resistant. Ferruginous concretions absent. | Used locally, especially as a walling stone. Notably formerly quarried at Eddisbury Hill and Commonside ([NAME]) and at several quarries along the dip slope of Congleton Edge. | South-eastern and eastern edges of Cheshire, with main outcrop occuring east of Astbury and Congleton (Timbersbrook), and further north, at [NAME] and [NAME]. | 2010-12-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Hull & Green, 1866; [NAME] et al, 1968; Bristow 1987 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4331 | Chatsworth Grit | 4329 | Millstone Grit | A persistent unit, usually 45 m to 60 m in thickness, and commonly forming crags where it crops out. | PALE-PURPLE | Mottled | Light purple and grey | CHATSWORTH GRIT | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Typically massive beds, coarser-grained and pebbly layers often defining foreset and cross-bedded layers. False-bedding characteristic. | Typically coarse-grained, locally pebbly sandstones, with minor interbedded mudstone and siltstone. Basal layers often masssive, tough, compact finer-grained free working sandstone, mottled light purple and grey; pebbles of quartz and feldspar up to 7mm in length are common. Ferrugionous concretions up to 2.5m across and 30cm thick, occur in some layers. | Resistant, the quartzose, feldspar-poor layers providing the most weather resistant building stones. Ferruginous concretions soften and disintegrate on weathering. | Locally a well-used building and walling stone, the resistant sandstone layers were formerly worked for building stone at several quarries along the length of the outcrop, notably at Nessit Hill, The Cloud and Tegg's Nose. | South-eastern and eastern edges of Cheshire, with main outcrop forming prominent ridges and crags east of Mossley and Congleton (Rainow Hill, [NAME]), and trending north from Wincle (via [NAME]) around eastern [NAME] (Tegg's Nose, [NAME], The [NAME]) to area east of Bollington. | 2010-10-14 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Hull & Green, 1866; [NAME] et al, 1968 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4332 | [NAME] | 4331 | Chatsworth Grit | A persistent unit, usually 45 m to 60 m in thickness, and commonly forming crags where it crops out. | PALE-PURPLE | Mottled | Light purple and grey | CHATSWORTH GRIT | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Typically massive beds, coarser-grained and pebbly layers often defining foreset and cross-bedded layers. False-bedding characteristic. | Typically coarse-grained, locally pebbly sandstones, with minor interbedded mudstone and siltstone. Basal layers often masssive, tough, compact finer-grained free working sandstone, mottled light purple and grey; pebbles of quartz and feldspar up to 7mm in length are common. Ferrugionous concretions up to 2.5m across and 30cm thick, occur in some layers. | Resistant, the quartzose, feldspar-poor layers providing the most weather resistant building stones. Ferruginous concretions soften and disintegrate on weathering. | Locally a well-used building and walling stone, the resistant sandstone layers were formerly worked for building stone at several quarries along the length of the outcrop, notably at Nessit Hill, The Cloud and Tegg's Nose. | South-eastern and eastern edges of Cheshire, with main outcrop forming prominent ridges and crags east of Mossley and Congleton (Rainow Hill, [NAME]), and trending north from Wincle (via [NAME]) around eastern [NAME] (Tegg's Nose, [NAME], The [NAME]) to area east of Bollington. | 2010-10-14 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Hull & Green, 1866; [NAME] et al, 1968 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4333 | Rushtonhall Grits | 4331 | Chatsworth Grit | A persistent unit, usually 45 m to 60 m in thickness, and commonly forming crags where it crops out. | PALE-PURPLE | Mottled | Light purple and grey | CHATSWORTH GRIT | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Typically massive beds, coarser-grained and pebbly layers often defining foreset and cross-bedded layers. False-bedding characteristic. | Typically coarse-grained, locally pebbly sandstones, with minor interbedded mudstone and siltstone. Basal layers often masssive, tough, compact finer-grained free working sandstone, mottled light purple and grey; pebbles of quartz and feldspar up to 7mm in length are common. Ferrugionous concretions up to 2.5m across and 30cm thick, occur in some layers. | Resistant, the quartzose, feldspar-poor layers providing the most weather resistant building stones. Ferruginous concretions soften and disintegrate on weathering. | Locally a well-used building and walling stone, the resistant sandstone layers were formerly worked for building stone at several quarries along the length of the outcrop, notably at Nessit Hill, The Cloud and Tegg's Nose. | South-eastern and eastern edges of Cheshire, with main outcrop forming prominent ridges and crags east of Mossley and Congleton (Rainow Hill, [NAME]), and trending north from Wincle (via [NAME]) around eastern [NAME] (Tegg's Nose, [NAME], The [NAME]) to area east of Bollington. | 2010-10-14 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Hull & Green, 1866; [NAME] et al, 1968 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4334 | Cloudstone Pink Gritstone | 4331 | Chatsworth Grit |  | PALE-PURPLE |  |  | CHATSWORTH GRIT | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE |  |  |  |  | ? | Commercial rock name | 2010-05-17 00:00:00 | D Cameron | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | [NAME] operator | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4335 | Roaches Grit | 4329 | Millstone Grit | Thickness very variable, from 60 to 375 m; forms prominent escarpments (eg. east of [NAME] at Windyway House). The sandstone is interpreted to have been deposited in a delta-top setting. | PALE-BROWN | Uniform | Light grey | ROACHES GRIT | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Massive, rarely cross-bedded sandstone, with sole marks and load casts, and turbiditic mudstone layers. | Compact, light fawn to cream coloured when fresh, medium-to coarse-grained feldspathic sandstones, with coarser 'gritstone' layers and some thin shale and mudstone interbeds; often contains near-spherical ferruginous concretions, some up to 2 m in diameter. Towards the south of the outcrop the sandstones typically become finer grained. | Resistant, sphaeroidal weathering is characteristic. | Locally a well-used building and walling stone, the massive layers were formerly worked for building stone at several quarries along the escarpment east of Macclesfield. | Eastern edge of Cheshire, main outcrops forming prominent ridges and escarpments east of Macclesfield, and southeast of Bollington. | 2010-10-14 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Hull & Green, 1866; [NAME] et al, 1968 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4336 | [NAME] | 1 | [NAME] | Succession approximately 110 m thick, with two lower sandstone units, each approximately 24 m thick separated by a similar thickness of mudstones, upper part of sequence comprises alternating sandstones and mudstones. Sparsely fossiliferous, mainly goniaties and plant debris. | PALE-GREY | Uniform | Pale to dark greenish-grey, cream to ochreous | MINN SANDSTONES | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Generally fairly massive, some beds  with sole-markings. | Fine grained thinly-bedded quartzitic sandstones, with carbonaceous interbeds and striped siltstones with plant debris. Generally massive, pale grey to purple-grey, sometimes with discontinuous pink-stained bands and sometimes red spotted; lowest beds coarser-grained, with conglomeratic layers with less interstitial cement.. | Fresh quartzitic sandstones resistant and tough due to high quartz content and recrystallised dolomitic cement; lower coarser-grained and conglomeratic beds more loosely cemented and less resistant. Lower sandstone beds typically deeply weather to ochreous colour. | Used locally, mainly for walling as the   [NAME] sandstones tend to split into small pieces and consequently do not make good building stones. | Eastern edge of Cheshire,around Limekiln Brook, Astbury. Eastwards, extensive outcrops occur on Bosley Minn and [NAME] and Biddulph Moor (Staffordshire). | 2010-12-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Evans et al, 1968 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4337 | Crowstones | 4336 | [NAME] | Succession approximately 110 m thick, with two lower sandstone units, each approximately 24 m thick separated by a similar thickness of mudstones, upper part of sequence comprises alternating sandstones and mudstones. Sparsely fossiliferous, mainly goniaties and plant debris. | PALE-GREY | Uniform | Pale to dark greenish-grey, cream to ochreous | MINN SANDSTONES | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Generally fairly massive, some beds  with sole-markings. | Fine grained thinly-bedded quartzitic sandstones, with carbonaceous interbeds and striped siltstones with plant debris. Generally massive, pale grey to purple-grey, sometimes with discontinuous pink-stained bands and sometimes red spotted; lowest beds coarser-grained, with conglomeratic layers with less interstitial cement.. | Fresh quartzitic sandstones resistant and tough due to high quartz content and recrystallised dolomitic cement; lower coarser-grained and conglomeratic beds more loosely cemented and less resistant. Lower sandstone beds typically deeply weather to ochreous colour. | Used locally, mainly for walling as the   [NAME] sandstones tend to split into small pieces and consequently do not make good building stones. | Eastern edge of Cheshire,around Limekiln Brook, Astbury. Eastwards, extensive outcrops occur on Bosley Minn and [NAME] and Biddulph Moor (Staffordshire). | 2010-12-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Evans et al, 1968 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4338 | Astbury Sandstone | 1 | Carboniferous Sandstone | Succession 52 m thick, with sandstones accounting for approximately 21 m thickness above mudstones and calcareous mudstones. | PALE-BUFF | Uniform | [NAME] or whitish, pale yellow to darker yellow | ASTBURY SANDSTONE MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Coarse grained | Regular bedding, few structures apart from interbeds. | White or pale yellow coarse-grained and feldspathic sandstones with thin interbeds of siltstone or brown calcareous mudstones and coals. | [NAME] sandstones moderately resistant, other interbeds soft. | Used very locally as rough building stone, rubble stone and walling. | Confined to small inlier (approximately 1km long x 300 m wide) at Astbury, 4km south of Congleton, south-eastern edge of county. | 2010-10-12 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Hull & Green, 1866; [NAME] et al, 1968; Rees & Wilson, 1998 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4339 | [NAME] | 1 | [NAME] | Lower limestones approximately 20 m thick, overlying unit of limestones, sandy limestones, tuffs and calcareous mudstones approximately 50m thick. Some beds highly fossiliferous, mainly corals and brachiopods, occasional gastropods, some limestones crinoidal. | GREY | Uniform | Light grey to dark grey | [NAME] MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Massive, thickly bedded. | Typical massive, thickly bedded, homogeneous Carboniferous limestone, becoming tuffaceous and more sandy in upper part, with interbedded calcareous mudstones. | Fairly resistant, typical water solution structures on stone faces  associated with limestone weathering. | Once quarried extensively at Astbury (accessed via adits) and used very locally as building stone. Largely worked out, no exposures remain, and lower part of quarries now flooded. Used very locally as rough building and walling stone. | Confined to small inlier (approximately 1km long x 300 m wide) at Astbury, 4km south of Congleton, south-eastern edge of county. | 2010-10-12 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Hull & Green, 1866; Gibson & Hind, 1899; Hudson & Cotton, 1945; [NAME] et al, 1968; Rees & Wilson, 1998 | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4340 | Slate | 1 |  | Slate |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | SLATE |  |  |  |  | Roofing | ? | 2010-05-17 00:00:00 | D Cameron | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Buildings Sheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:29
4341 | Stone Flags | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | STONE FLAGS |  |  |  |  | Roofing | ? | 2010-05-17 00:00:00 | D Cameron | Cheshire County Council | Cheshire English Heritage Atlas Area | Buildings Sheet | 2012-05-16 10:20:29