Spreadsheet: 4a1140fa-1a55-4d6a-a5d8-84c52d3c86e3
Sheet: Stones

BUILDING_STONE_ID | STONE_NAME | PARENT BUILDING STONE  ID | ALTERNATIVE_NAMES | [NAME] | COLOUR | COLOUR_VARIATION | WEATHERED COLOUR | LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY | CHRONOSTRAT | STONE_LITHOLOGY | GRAIN_SIZE | [NAME] | KEY_IDENTIFICATION_FEATURES | FAILURE_WEATHERING | CONTEXT_OF_USE | LOCALITY_OF_USE | DATE_COMPILED | COMPILED_BY | MINERAL PLANNING AREA | English Heritage Atlas Area | SOURCE_OF_INFO | retrieval_date
2301 | [NAME] | 1 | Whinstone | Several different varieties of tholeiite have been recognised based on detailed petrological character, even dykes belonging to the same intrusion may exhibit significant petrological differences. |  | Mottled | Dark greyish, blackish | NORTH BRITAIN PALAEOGENE DYKE SUITE | PALAEOGENE | DOLERITE | Fine Grained | The dykes are typically less than 15m wide, and generally vertical or steeply subvertical in aspect. Contacts with sedimentary host rocks are often brecciated. | Fine-grained to medium-grained tholeiitic basalts and dolerites, dark coloured. The more coarser grained varieties exhibit a mottled texture with dark pyroxene (sometimes also olivine) crystals interlocking with pale feldspar (Anorthite) phenocrysts. Matrix glassy, commonly devitrified or microcrystalline. | Tough, resistant. | Used mainly as a source of aggregate, occasionally as a building stone, but the dykes restricted area of occurrence has meant that they have been quarried to a very limited extent. | Various W to WNW trending basic dykes occur (occasionally exposed at the surface) in the central and NE areas of Tyne & Wear. Noted locations include [NAME], Walbottle, Cowgate, [NAME] and further north near Tynemouth and [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Newcastle City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Tomkeieff, 1953 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2302 | [NAME] | 2301 | Whinstone | Several different varieties of tholeiite have been recognised based on detailed petrological character, even dykes belonging to the same intrusion may exhibit significant petrological differences. |  | Mottled | Dark greyish, blackish | NORTH BRITAIN PALAEOGENE DYKE SUITE | PALAEOGENE | DOLERITE | Fine Grained | The dykes are typically less than 15m wide, and generally vertical or steeply subvertical in aspect. Contacts with sedimentary host rocks are often brecciated. | Fine-grained to medium-grained tholeiitic basalts and dolerites, dark coloured. The more coarser grained varieties exhibit a mottled texture with dark pyroxene (sometimes also olivine) crystals interlocking with pale feldspar (Anorthite) phenocrysts. Matrix glassy, commonly devitrified or microcrystalline. | Tough, resistant. | Used mainly as a source of aggregate, occasionally as a building stone, but the dykes restricted area of occurrence has meant that they have been quarried to a very limited extent. | Various W to WNW trending basic dykes occur (occasionally exposed at the surface) in the central and NE areas of Tyne & Wear. Noted locations include [NAME], Walbottle, Cowgate, [NAME] and further north near Tynemouth and [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Tomkeieff, 1953 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2303 | Mull Dyke Swarm | 2301 | Whinstone | Several different varieties of tholeiite have been recognised based on detailed petrological character, even dykes belonging to the same intrusion may exhibit significant petrological differences. |  | Mottled | Dark greyish, blackish | MULL DYKE-SWARM | PALAEOGENE | DOLERITE | Fine Grained | The dykes are typically less than 15m wide, and generally vertical or steeply subvertical in aspect. Contacts with sedimentary host rocks are often brecciated. | Fine-grained to medium-grained tholeiitic basalts and dolerites, dark coloured. The more coarser grained varieties exhibit a mottled texture with dark pyroxene (sometimes also olivine) crystals interlocking with pale feldspar (Anorthite) phenocrysts. Matrix glassy, commonly devitrified or microcrystalline. | Tough, resistant. | Used mainly as a source of aggregate, occasionally as a building stone, but the dykes restricted area of occurrence has meant that they have been quarried to a very limited extent. | Various W to WNW trending basic dykes occur (occasionally exposed at the surface) in the central and NE areas of Tyne & Wear. Noted locations include [NAME], Walbottle, Cowgate, [NAME] and further north near Tynemouth and [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Newcastle City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Tomkeieff, 1953 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2304 | Mull Dyke Swarm | 2301 | Whinstone | Several different varieties of tholeiite have been recognised based on detailed petrological character, even dykes belonging to the same intrusion may exhibit significant petrological differences. |  | Mottled | Dark greyish, blackish | MULL DYKE-SWARM | PALAEOGENE | DOLERITE | Fine Grained | The dykes are typically less than 15m wide, and generally vertical or steeply subvertical in aspect. Contacts with sedimentary host rocks are often brecciated. | Fine-grained to medium-grained tholeiitic basalts and dolerites, dark coloured. The more coarser grained varieties exhibit a mottled texture with dark pyroxene (sometimes also olivine) crystals interlocking with pale feldspar (Anorthite) phenocrysts. Matrix glassy, commonly devitrified or microcrystalline. | Tough, resistant. | Used mainly as a source of aggregate, occasionally as a building stone, but the dykes restricted area of occurrence has meant that they have been quarried to a very limited extent. | Various W to WNW trending basic dykes occur (occasionally exposed at the surface) in the central and NE areas of Tyne & Wear. Noted locations include [NAME], Walbottle, Cowgate, [NAME] and further north near Tynemouth and [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Tyneside Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Tomkeieff, 1953 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2305 | [NAME] | 2301 | Whinstone | Several different varieties of tholeiite have been recognised based on detailed petrological character, even dykes belonging to the same intrusion may exhibit significant petrological differences. |  | Mottled | Dark greyish, blackish | HEBBURN DYKE | PALAEOGENE | DOLERITE | Fine Grained | The dykes are typically less than 15m wide, and generally vertical or steeply subvertical in aspect. Contacts with sedimentary host rocks are often brecciated. | Fine-grained to medium-grained tholeiitic basalts and dolerites, dark coloured. The more coarser grained varieties exhibit a mottled texture with dark pyroxene (sometimes also olivine) crystals interlocking with pale feldspar (Anorthite) phenocrysts. Matrix glassy, commonly devitrified or microcrystalline. | Tough, resistant. | Used mainly as a source of aggregate, occasionally as a building stone, but the dykes restricted area of occurrence has meant that they have been quarried to a very limited extent. | Various W to WNW trending basic dykes occur (occasionally exposed at the surface) in the central and NE areas of Tyne & Wear. Noted locations include [NAME], Walbottle, Cowgate, [NAME] and further north near Tynemouth and [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Newcastle City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Tomkeieff, 1953 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2306 | Walbottle Dyke | 2301 | Whinstone | Several different varieties of tholeiite have been recognised based on detailed petrological character, even dykes belonging to the same intrusion may exhibit significant petrological differences. |  | Mottled | Dark greyish, blackish | WALBOTTLE DYKE | PALAEOGENE | DOLERITE | Fine Grained | The dykes are typically less than 15m wide, and generally vertical or steeply subvertical in aspect. Contacts with sedimentary host rocks are often brecciated. | Fine-grained to medium-grained tholeiitic basalts and dolerites, dark coloured. The more coarser grained varieties exhibit a mottled texture with dark pyroxene (sometimes also olivine) crystals interlocking with pale feldspar (Anorthite) phenocrysts. Matrix glassy, commonly devitrified or microcrystalline. | Tough, resistant. | Used mainly as a source of aggregate, occasionally as a building stone, but the dykes restricted area of occurrence has meant that they have been quarried to a very limited extent. | Various W to WNW trending basic dykes occur (occasionally exposed at the surface) in the central and NE areas of Tyne & Wear. Noted locations include [NAME], Walbottle, Cowgate, [NAME] and further north near Tynemouth and [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Newcastle City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Tomkeieff, 1953 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2307 | [NAME] | 2301 | Whinstone | Several different varieties of tholeiite have been recognised based on detailed petrological character, even dykes belonging to the same intrusion may exhibit significant petrological differences. |  | Mottled | Dark greyish, blackish | HEBBURN DYKE | PALAEOGENE | DOLERITE | Fine Grained | The dykes are typically less than 15m wide, and generally vertical or steeply subvertical in aspect. Contacts with sedimentary host rocks are often brecciated. | Fine-grained to medium-grained tholeiitic basalts and dolerites, dark coloured. The more coarser grained varieties exhibit a mottled texture with dark pyroxene (sometimes also olivine) crystals interlocking with pale feldspar (Anorthite) phenocrysts. Matrix glassy, commonly devitrified or microcrystalline. | Tough, resistant. | Used mainly as a source of aggregate, occasionally as a building stone, but the dykes restricted area of occurrence has meant that they have been quarried to a very limited extent. | Various W to WNW trending basic dykes occur (occasionally exposed at the surface) in the central and NE areas of Tyne & Wear. Noted locations include [NAME], Walbottle, Cowgate, [NAME] and further north near Tynemouth and [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Tomkeieff, 1953 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2308 | [NAME] | 1 | Zechstein Group Dolomitic Limestone | The 'Magnesian Limestone' in a general sense (including evaporite units) reaches approx 350-400m in thickness. |  | Uniform | Creamish to yellowish, [NAME], pale brown | ZECHSTEIN GROUP | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Cross-bedded and ripple-bedded dolostones occur, associated with rip-up clasts and minor erosion surfaces. Stylolitic bedding laminae are present in lower parts. | Typically sequences of fine-grained, thinly to massively bedded, occasionally lenticular dolostones and dolomitic limestones, sometimes granular or oolitic. Distinctive units include reefal limestones, beds with rounded calcitic concretions ('cannonballs') and collapse breccias. Evaporite and anhydrite units and shaly mudstones occur at cyclic intervals. | Variable. Many thinner dolostones relatively soft, but harder units (especially massive reefal limestones) occur. | The harder dolostone, reefal and dolomitic limestone horizons were quarried along the outcrop and used in a variety of ways (from rubblestone to roughly squared and dressed blocks and ashlar) in a range of buildings and structures, including churches, windmills, sea walls and limekilns. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a gradually broadening belt from near South Shields to [NAME], and extending inland (westwards) as far as a line from Boldon to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Tyneside Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2309 | Lower Magnesian Limestone | 2308 | [NAME] | Soft sediment contorted and chaotic rock structures produced by minor submarine avalanches and submarine is present locally, especially in the coastal cliffs south of South Shields. |  | Uniform | Yellowish, pale grey, pale brown, [NAME] | [NAME] | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Widespread stratified but brecciated levels occur in the middle unit (and to a lesser extent within the upper unit), and are often interbedded with gypsum. Stylolitic bedding laminae occur almost throughout, but are particularly abundant in the middle unit. | Cream, brown and grey, fine-grained dolostone with grey, fine-grained limestone (rare). Lower units mainly dolomitic limestones in regular beds 15-30cm thick; the middle unit (most commonly seen at outcrop) comprises thinly-bedded, fine-grained dolostones and calcitic dolostones, 5-10cm thick; the upper unit is represented by buff to brown dolostones in irregular lenticular beds, up to 45cm thick. | Thicker beds more resistant. | Evenly-bedded formation which provided some of the most suitable building material used throughout the outcrop area for a variety of purposes. | Eastern Tyne & Wear, extending southwards in an irregular, narrow (usually <1km wide, except [NAME] to Humbledon Hill area, where outcrop is 4km wide) belt from South Shields to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Tyneside Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2310 | [NAME] | 2309 | Lower Magnesian Limestone | Soft sediment contorted and chaotic rock structures produced by minor submarine avalanches and submarine is present locally, especially in the coastal cliffs south of South Shields. |  | Uniform | Yellowish, pale grey, pale brown, [NAME] | [NAME] | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Widespread stratified but brecciated levels occur in the middle unit (and to a lesser extent within the upper unit), and are often interbedded with gypsum. Stylolitic bedding laminae occur almost throughout, but are particularly abundant in the middle unit. | Cream, brown and grey, fine-grained dolostone with grey, fine-grained limestone (rare). Lower units mainly dolomitic limestones in regular beds 15-30cm thick; the middle unit (most commonly seen at outcrop) comprises thinly-bedded, fine-grained dolostones and calcitic dolostones, 5-10cm thick; the upper unit is represented by buff to brown dolostones in irregular lenticular beds, up to 45cm thick. | Thicker beds more resistant. | Evenly-bedded formation which provided some of the most suitable building material used throughout the outcrop area for a variety of purposes. | Eastern Tyne & Wear, extending southwards in an irregular, narrow (usually <1km wide, except [NAME] to Humbledon Hill area, where outcrop is 4km wide) belt from South Shields to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Tyneside Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2311 | [NAME] | 1 | Zechstein Group Dolomitic Limestone | The 'Magnesian Limestone' in a general sense (including evaporite units) reaches approx 350-400m in thickness. |  | Uniform | Creamish to yellowish, [NAME], pale brown | ZECHSTEIN GROUP | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Cross-bedded and ripple-bedded dolostones occur, associated with rip-up clasts and minor erosion surfaces. Stylolitic bedding laminae are present in lower parts. | Typically sequences of fine-grained, thinly to massively bedded, occasionally lenticular dolostones and dolomitic limestones, sometimes granular or oolitic. Distinctive units include reefal limestones, beds with rounded calcitic concretions ('cannonballs') and collapse breccias. Evaporite and anhydrite units and shaly mudstones occur at cyclic intervals. | Variable. Many thinner dolostones relatively soft, but harder units (especially massive reefal limestones) occur. | The harder dolostone, reefal and dolomitic limestone horizons were quarried along the outcrop and used in a variety of ways (from rubblestone to roughly squared and dressed blocks and ashlar) in a range of buildings and structures, including churches, windmills, sea walls and limekilns. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a gradually broadening belt from near South Shields to [NAME], and extending inland (westwards) as far as a line from Boldon to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2312 | Upper Magnesian Limestone | 2311 | [NAME] | The 'Magnesian Limestone' in a general sense (including evaporite units) reaches approx 350-400m in thickness. |  | Uniform | Creamish to yellowish, [NAME], pale brown | ZECHSTEIN GROUP | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Cross-bedded and ripple-bedded dolostones occur, associated with rip-up clasts and minor erosion surfaces. Stylolitic bedding laminae are present in lower parts. | Typically sequences of fine-grained, thinly to massively bedded, occasionally lenticular dolostones and dolomitic limestones, sometimes granular or oolitic. Distinctive units include reefal limestones, beds with rounded calcitic concretions ('cannonballs') and collapse breccias. Evaporite and anhydrite units and shaly mudstones occur at cyclic intervals. | Variable. Many thinner dolostones relatively soft, but harder units (especially massive reefal limestones) occur. | The harder dolostone, reefal and dolomitic limestone horizons were quarried along the outcrop and used in a variety of ways (from rubblestone to roughly squared and dressed blocks and ashlar) in a range of buildings and structures, including churches, windmills, sea walls and limekilns. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a gradually broadening belt from near South Shields to [NAME], and extending inland (westwards) as far as a line from Boldon to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2313 | Roker Magnesian Limestone | 2312 | Upper Magnesian Limestone | Formation reaches a maximum thickness of 80m. |  | Uniform | Creamish, [NAME], yellowish | [NAME] | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Cross-bedded and ripple-bedded dolostones occur, associated with rip-up clasts and minor erosion surfaces. | Cream, granular and oolitic dolostones with subordinate thin beds of fine-grained dolomite, but overall relatively little significant variation in lithology. Lower parts of formation with distinctive rounded calcitic concretions (the Concretionary Limestone Member - see below). | Evenly-bedded and fine-grained dolostones harder and more resistant than other facies. | Used locally wherever it crops out. The harder dolostone and dolomitic limestone horizons were quarried along the outcrop and used in a variety of ways. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a 1 to 4 km wide belt from near South Shields to [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2314 | Upper Magnesian Limestone | 2313 | Roker Magnesian Limestone | Formation reaches a maximum thickness of 80m. |  | Uniform | Creamish, [NAME], yellowish | [NAME] | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Cross-bedded and ripple-bedded dolostones occur, associated with rip-up clasts and minor erosion surfaces. | Cream, granular and oolitic dolostones with subordinate thin beds of fine-grained dolomite, but overall relatively little significant variation in lithology. Lower parts of formation with distinctive rounded calcitic concretions (the Concretionary Limestone Member - see below). | Evenly-bedded and fine-grained dolostones harder and more resistant than other facies. | Used locally wherever it crops out. The harder dolostone and dolomitic limestone horizons were quarried along the outcrop and used in a variety of ways. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a 1 to 4 km wide belt from near South Shields to [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2315 | [NAME] | 2313 | Upper Magnesian Limestone | Formation reaches a maximum thickness of 80m. |  | Uniform | Creamish, [NAME], yellowish | [NAME] | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Cross-bedded and ripple-bedded dolostones occur, associated with rip-up clasts and minor erosion surfaces. | Cream, granular and oolitic dolostones with subordinate thin beds of fine-grained dolomite, but overall relatively little significant variation in lithology. Lower parts of formation with distinctive rounded calcitic concretions (the Concretionary Limestone Member - see below). | Evenly-bedded and fine-grained dolostones harder and more resistant than other facies. | Used locally wherever it crops out. The harder dolostone and dolomitic limestone horizons were quarried along the outcrop and used in a variety of ways. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a 1 to 4 km wide belt from near South Shields to [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2316 | Concretionary Limestone | 2313 | Upper Magnesian Limestone | In places, the Concretionary Limestone can be divided into a lower unit (up to 15m thick, and containing abundant concretions) and an upper unit (up to 20m thick, lacking concretions). A middle unit of thinly laminated impure dolostone can be split into paper thin, flexible sheets (the 'Flexible Limestone') and has yielded fish and plant remains. |  | Uniform | Pale grey | CONCRETIONARY LIMESTONE MEMBER | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | In places, the Concretionary Limestone has become brecciated by collapse following solution of the underlying anhydrite layers, and now consists of angular and rounded fragments of grey-brown crystalline limestone in a matrix of brown dolomitic limestone. | Thinly bedded and lithologically varied dolostones with very distinctive beds containing rounded, calcite concretions ('cannonballs), up to 5cm across, which were formed by a variety of primary and secondary sedimentary processes. Where concretions are absent, the beds comprise a soft granular dolostone with traces of small-scale cross-bedding and ripple marks. | Relatively soft, but very distinctive unit. | Restricted to very local use. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a 1 to 4 km wide belt from near South Shields to [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2317 | Cannonball Rock | 2313 | Concretionary Limestone | In places, the Concretionary Limestone can be divided into a lower unit (up to 15m thick, and containing abundant concretions) and an upper unit (up to 20m thick, lacking concretions). A middle unit of thinly laminated impure dolostone can be split into paper thin, flexible sheets (the 'Flexible Limestone') and has yielded fish and plant remains. |  | Uniform | Pale grey | CONCRETIONARY LIMESTONE MEMBER | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | In places, the Concretionary Limestone has become brecciated by collapse following solution of the underlying anhydrite layers, and now consists of angular and rounded fragments of grey-brown crystalline limestone in a matrix of brown dolomitic limestone. | Thinly bedded and lithologically varied dolostones with very distinctive beds containing rounded, calcite concretions ('cannonballs), up to 5cm across, which were formed by a variety of primary and secondary sedimentary processes. Where concretions are absent, the beds comprise a soft granular dolostone with traces of small-scale cross-bedding and ripple marks. | Relatively soft, but very distinctive unit. | Restricted to very local use. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a 1 to 4 km wide belt from near South Shields to [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2318 | Middle Magnesian Limestone | 2311 | Ford Magnesian Limestone | The reefal facies (generally 100-120m thick) is one of the most distinct features of the Permian succession in NE England. Lower parts of the reef contain a prolific fossil fauna with brachiopods, bivalves and polyzoa; upper parts are largely of algal origin and contain stromatolitic growth forms. | BUFF | Uniform | Yellowish, pale grey, pale to deeper brown | FORD FORMATION | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | On the landward (western) side of the reef, a varied sequence of granular ooidal and pisloitic carbonates accumulated, and are almost universally dolomitised. The recrystallised platy dolomite crystals, up to 5mm across, give the rock a characteristic texture, known locally as 'felted'. | Lower beds of the formation are represented by a thin sequence of fine-grained, clastic dolostones, transitional to the underlying [NAME]. Above these transitional beds are distinctive reef facies sediments, comprising massive dolomitic limestones and dolostones. Shelf-edge, back-reef and lagoonal beds, fore-reef talus aprons and off-reef facies are all present. | The reef lithologies are more resistant to erosion, and at outcrop form distinct topographical features. | With the exception of the reef-rock facies (which has been used on a small scale in buildings at several locations), the dolostones of the Ford Formation are generally too soft and variable for building purposes. | Eastern Tyne & Wear, extending southwards in a belt from Boldon,  New Silksworth and Houghton-le-Spring to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2319 | Ford Magnesian Limestone | 2318 | Middle Magnesian Limestone | The reefal facies (generally 100-120m thick) is one of the most distinct features of the Permian succession in NE England. Lower parts of the reef contain a prolific fossil fauna with brachiopods, bivalves and polyzoa; upper parts are largely of algal origin and contain stromatolitic growth forms. | BUFF | Uniform | Yellowish, pale grey, pale to deeper brown | FORD FORMATION | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | On the landward (western) side of the reef, a varied sequence of granular ooidal and pisloitic carbonates accumulated, and are almost universally dolomitised. The recrystallised platy dolomite crystals, up to 5mm across, give the rock a characteristic texture, known locally as 'felted'. | Lower beds of the formation are represented by a thin sequence of fine-grained, clastic dolostones, transitional to the underlying [NAME]. Above these transitional beds are distinctive reef facies sediments, comprising massive dolomitic limestones and dolostones. Shelf-edge, back-reef and lagoonal beds, fore-reef talus aprons and off-reef facies are all present. | The reef lithologies are more resistant to erosion, and at outcrop form distinct topographical features. | With the exception of the reef-rock facies (which has been used on a small scale in buildings at several locations), the dolostones of the Ford Formation are generally too soft and variable for building purposes. | Eastern Tyne & Wear, extending southwards in a belt from Boldon,  New Silksworth and Houghton-le-Spring to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2320 | Lower Magnesian Limestone | 2311 | [NAME] | Soft sediment contorted and chaotic rock structures produced by minor submarine avalanches and submarine is present locally, especially in the coastal cliffs south of South Shields. |  | Uniform | Yellowish, pale grey, pale brown, [NAME] | [NAME] | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Widespread stratified but brecciated levels occur in the middle unit (and to a lesser extent within the upper unit), and are often interbedded with gypsum. Stylolitic bedding laminae occur almost throughout, but are particularly abundant in the middle unit. | Cream, brown and grey, fine-grained dolostone with grey, fine-grained limestone (rare). Lower units mainly dolomitic limestones in regular beds 15-30cm thick; the middle unit (most commonly seen at outcrop) comprises thinly-bedded, fine-grained dolostones and calcitic dolostones, 5-10cm thick; the upper unit is represented by buff to brown dolostones in irregular lenticular beds, up to 45cm thick. | Thicker beds more resistant. | Evenly-bedded formation which provided some of the most suitable building material used throughout the outcrop area for a variety of purposes. | Eastern Tyne & Wear, extending southwards in an irregular, narrow (usually <1km wide, except [NAME] to Humbledon Hill area, where outcrop is 4km wide) belt from South Shields to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2321 | [NAME] | 2320 | Lower Magnesian Limestone | Soft sediment contorted and chaotic rock structures produced by minor submarine avalanches and submarine is present locally, especially in the coastal cliffs south of South Shields. |  | Uniform | Yellowish, pale grey, pale brown, [NAME] | [NAME] | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Widespread stratified but brecciated levels occur in the middle unit (and to a lesser extent within the upper unit), and are often interbedded with gypsum. Stylolitic bedding laminae occur almost throughout, but are particularly abundant in the middle unit. | Cream, brown and grey, fine-grained dolostone with grey, fine-grained limestone (rare). Lower units mainly dolomitic limestones in regular beds 15-30cm thick; the middle unit (most commonly seen at outcrop) comprises thinly-bedded, fine-grained dolostones and calcitic dolostones, 5-10cm thick; the upper unit is represented by buff to brown dolostones in irregular lenticular beds, up to 45cm thick. | Thicker beds more resistant. | Evenly-bedded formation which provided some of the most suitable building material used throughout the outcrop area for a variety of purposes. | Eastern Tyne & Wear, extending southwards in an irregular, narrow (usually <1km wide, except [NAME] to Humbledon Hill area, where outcrop is 4km wide) belt from South Shields to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2322 | [NAME] | 1 | Zechstein Group Dolomitic Limestone | The 'Magnesian Limestone' in a general sense (including evaporite units) reaches approx 350-400m in thickness. |  | Uniform | Creamish to yellowish, [NAME], pale brown | ZECHSTEIN GROUP | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Cross-bedded and ripple-bedded dolostones occur, associated with rip-up clasts and minor erosion surfaces. Stylolitic bedding laminae are present in lower parts. | Typically sequences of fine-grained, thinly to massively bedded, occasionally lenticular dolostones and dolomitic limestones, sometimes granular or oolitic. Distinctive units include reefal limestones, beds with rounded calcitic concretions ('cannonballs') and collapse breccias. Evaporite and anhydrite units and shaly mudstones occur at cyclic intervals. | Variable. Many thinner dolostones relatively soft, but harder units (especially massive reefal limestones) occur. | The harder dolostone, reefal and dolomitic limestone horizons were quarried along the outcrop and used in a variety of ways (from rubblestone to roughly squared and dressed blocks and ashlar) in a range of buildings and structures, including churches, windmills, sea walls and limekilns. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a gradually broadening belt from near South Shields to [NAME], and extending inland (westwards) as far as a line from Boldon to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2323 | Upper Magnesian Limestone | 2322 | [NAME] | The 'Magnesian Limestone' in a general sense (including evaporite units) reaches approx 350-400m in thickness. |  | Uniform | Creamish to yellowish, [NAME], pale brown | ZECHSTEIN GROUP | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Cross-bedded and ripple-bedded dolostones occur, associated with rip-up clasts and minor erosion surfaces. Stylolitic bedding laminae are present in lower parts. | Typically sequences of fine-grained, thinly to massively bedded, occasionally lenticular dolostones and dolomitic limestones, sometimes granular or oolitic. Distinctive units include reefal limestones, beds with rounded calcitic concretions ('cannonballs') and collapse breccias. Evaporite and anhydrite units and shaly mudstones occur at cyclic intervals. | Variable. Many thinner dolostones relatively soft, but harder units (especially massive reefal limestones) occur. | The harder dolostone, reefal and dolomitic limestone horizons were quarried along the outcrop and used in a variety of ways (from rubblestone to roughly squared and dressed blocks and ashlar) in a range of buildings and structures, including churches, windmills, sea walls and limekilns. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a gradually broadening belt from near South Shields to [NAME], and extending inland (westwards) as far as a line from Boldon to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2324 | Roker Magnesian Limestone | 2323 | Upper Magnesian Limestone | Formation reaches a maximum thickness of 80m. |  | Uniform | Creamish, [NAME], yellowish | [NAME] | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Cross-bedded and ripple-bedded dolostones occur, associated with rip-up clasts and minor erosion surfaces. | Cream, granular and oolitic dolostones with subordinate thin beds of fine-grained dolomite, but overall relatively little significant variation in lithology. Lower parts of formation with distinctive rounded calcitic concretions (the Concretionary Limestone Member - see below). | Evenly-bedded and fine-grained dolostones harder and more resistant than other facies. | Used locally wherever it crops out. The harder dolostone and dolomitic limestone horizons were quarried along the outcrop and used in a variety of ways. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a 1 to 4 km wide belt from near South Shields to [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2325 | Upper Magnesian Limestone | 2324 | Roker Magnesian Limestone | Formation reaches a maximum thickness of 80m. |  | Uniform | Creamish, [NAME], yellowish | [NAME] | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Cross-bedded and ripple-bedded dolostones occur, associated with rip-up clasts and minor erosion surfaces. | Cream, granular and oolitic dolostones with subordinate thin beds of fine-grained dolomite, but overall relatively little significant variation in lithology. Lower parts of formation with distinctive rounded calcitic concretions (the Concretionary Limestone Member - see below). | Evenly-bedded and fine-grained dolostones harder and more resistant than other facies. | Used locally wherever it crops out. The harder dolostone and dolomitic limestone horizons were quarried along the outcrop and used in a variety of ways. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a 1 to 4 km wide belt from near South Shields to [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2326 | [NAME] | 2324 | Upper Magnesian Limestone | Formation reaches a maximum thickness of 80m. |  | Uniform | Creamish, [NAME], yellowish | [NAME] | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Cross-bedded and ripple-bedded dolostones occur, associated with rip-up clasts and minor erosion surfaces. | Cream, granular and oolitic dolostones with subordinate thin beds of fine-grained dolomite, but overall relatively little significant variation in lithology. Lower parts of formation with distinctive rounded calcitic concretions (the Concretionary Limestone Member - see below). | Evenly-bedded and fine-grained dolostones harder and more resistant than other facies. | Used locally wherever it crops out. The harder dolostone and dolomitic limestone horizons were quarried along the outcrop and used in a variety of ways. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a 1 to 4 km wide belt from near South Shields to [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2327 | Concretionary Limestone | 2324 | Upper Magnesian Limestone | In places, the Concretionary Limestone can be divided into a lower unit (up to 15m thick, and containing abundant concretions) and an upper unit (up to 20m thick, lacking concretions). A middle unit of thinly laminated impure dolostone can be split into paper thin, flexible sheets (the 'Flexible Limestone') and has yielded fish and plant remains. |  | Uniform | Pale grey | CONCRETIONARY LIMESTONE MEMBER | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | In places, the Concretionary Limestone has become brecciated by collapse following solution of the underlying anhydrite layers, and now consists of angular and rounded fragments of grey-brown crystalline limestone in a matrix of brown dolomitic limestone. | Thinly bedded and lithologically varied dolostones with very distinctive beds containing rounded, calcite concretions ('cannonballs), up to 5cm across, which were formed by a variety of primary and secondary sedimentary processes. Where concretions are absent, the beds comprise a soft granular dolostone with traces of small-scale cross-bedding and ripple marks. | Relatively soft, but very distinctive unit. | Restricted to very local use. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a 1 to 4 km wide belt from near South Shields to [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2328 | Cannonball Rock | 2324 | Concretionary Limestone | In places, the Concretionary Limestone can be divided into a lower unit (up to 15m thick, and containing abundant concretions) and an upper unit (up to 20m thick, lacking concretions). A middle unit of thinly laminated impure dolostone can be split into paper thin, flexible sheets (the 'Flexible Limestone') and has yielded fish and plant remains. |  | Uniform | Pale grey | CONCRETIONARY LIMESTONE MEMBER | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | In places, the Concretionary Limestone has become brecciated by collapse following solution of the underlying anhydrite layers, and now consists of angular and rounded fragments of grey-brown crystalline limestone in a matrix of brown dolomitic limestone. | Thinly bedded and lithologically varied dolostones with very distinctive beds containing rounded, calcite concretions ('cannonballs), up to 5cm across, which were formed by a variety of primary and secondary sedimentary processes. Where concretions are absent, the beds comprise a soft granular dolostone with traces of small-scale cross-bedding and ripple marks. | Relatively soft, but very distinctive unit. | Restricted to very local use. | Eastern (coastal) side of Tyne & Wear, extending in a 1 to 4 km wide belt from near South Shields to [NAME]. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2329 | Middle Magnesian Limestone | 2322 | Ford Magnesian Limestone | The reefal facies (generally 100-120m thick) is one of the most distinct features of the Permian succession in NE England. Lower parts of the reef contain a prolific fossil fauna with brachiopods, bivalves and polyzoa; upper parts are largely of algal origin and contain stromatolitic growth forms. | BUFF | Uniform | Yellowish, pale grey, pale to deeper brown | FORD FORMATION | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | On the landward (western) side of the reef, a varied sequence of granular ooidal and pisloitic carbonates accumulated, and are almost universally dolomitised. The recrystallised platy dolomite crystals, up to 5mm across, give the rock a characteristic texture, known locally as 'felted'. | Lower beds of the formation are represented by a thin sequence of fine-grained, clastic dolostones, transitional to the underlying [NAME]. Above these transitional beds are distinctive reef facies sediments, comprising massive dolomitic limestones and dolostones. Shelf-edge, back-reef and lagoonal beds, fore-reef talus aprons and off-reef facies are all present. | The reef lithologies are more resistant to erosion, and at outcrop form distinct topographical features. | With the exception of the reef-rock facies (which has been used on a small scale in buildings at several locations), the dolostones of the Ford Formation are generally too soft and variable for building purposes. | Eastern Tyne & Wear, extending southwards in a belt from Boldon,  New Silksworth and Houghton-le-Spring to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2330 | Ford Magnesian Limestone | 2329 | Middle Magnesian Limestone | The reefal facies (generally 100-120m thick) is one of the most distinct features of the Permian succession in NE England. Lower parts of the reef contain a prolific fossil fauna with brachiopods, bivalves and polyzoa; upper parts are largely of algal origin and contain stromatolitic growth forms. | BUFF | Uniform | Yellowish, pale grey, pale to deeper brown | FORD FORMATION | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | On the landward (western) side of the reef, a varied sequence of granular ooidal and pisloitic carbonates accumulated, and are almost universally dolomitised. The recrystallised platy dolomite crystals, up to 5mm across, give the rock a characteristic texture, known locally as 'felted'. | Lower beds of the formation are represented by a thin sequence of fine-grained, clastic dolostones, transitional to the underlying [NAME]. Above these transitional beds are distinctive reef facies sediments, comprising massive dolomitic limestones and dolostones. Shelf-edge, back-reef and lagoonal beds, fore-reef talus aprons and off-reef facies are all present. | The reef lithologies are more resistant to erosion, and at outcrop form distinct topographical features. | With the exception of the reef-rock facies (which has been used on a small scale in buildings at several locations), the dolostones of the Ford Formation are generally too soft and variable for building purposes. | Eastern Tyne & Wear, extending southwards in a belt from Boldon,  New Silksworth and Houghton-le-Spring to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2331 | Lower Magnesian Limestone | 2322 | [NAME] | Soft sediment contorted and chaotic rock structures produced by minor submarine avalanches and submarine is present locally, especially in the coastal cliffs south of South Shields. |  | Uniform | Yellowish, pale grey, pale brown, [NAME] | [NAME] | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Widespread stratified but brecciated levels occur in the middle unit (and to a lesser extent within the upper unit), and are often interbedded with gypsum. Stylolitic bedding laminae occur almost throughout, but are particularly abundant in the middle unit. | Cream, brown and grey, fine-grained dolostone with grey, fine-grained limestone (rare). Lower units mainly dolomitic limestones in regular beds 15-30cm thick; the middle unit (most commonly seen at outcrop) comprises thinly-bedded, fine-grained dolostones and calcitic dolostones, 5-10cm thick; the upper unit is represented by buff to brown dolostones in irregular lenticular beds, up to 45cm thick. | Thicker beds more resistant. | Evenly-bedded formation which provided some of the most suitable building material used throughout the outcrop area for a variety of purposes. | Eastern Tyne & Wear, extending southwards in an irregular, narrow (usually <1km wide, except [NAME] to Humbledon Hill area, where outcrop is 4km wide) belt from South Shields to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2332 | [NAME] | 2331 | Lower Magnesian Limestone | Soft sediment contorted and chaotic rock structures produced by minor submarine avalanches and submarine is present locally, especially in the coastal cliffs south of South Shields. |  | Uniform | Yellowish, pale grey, pale brown, [NAME] | [NAME] | PERMIAN | DOLOSTONE | Fine grained | Widespread stratified but brecciated levels occur in the middle unit (and to a lesser extent within the upper unit), and are often interbedded with gypsum. Stylolitic bedding laminae occur almost throughout, but are particularly abundant in the middle unit. | Cream, brown and grey, fine-grained dolostone with grey, fine-grained limestone (rare). Lower units mainly dolomitic limestones in regular beds 15-30cm thick; the middle unit (most commonly seen at outcrop) comprises thinly-bedded, fine-grained dolostones and calcitic dolostones, 5-10cm thick; the upper unit is represented by buff to brown dolostones in irregular lenticular beds, up to 45cm thick. | Thicker beds more resistant. | Evenly-bedded formation which provided some of the most suitable building material used throughout the outcrop area for a variety of purposes. | Eastern Tyne & Wear, extending southwards in an irregular, narrow (usually <1km wide, except [NAME] to Humbledon Hill area, where outcrop is 4km wide) belt from South Shields to Hetton-le-Hole. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1987; Smith, 1994; Smith, 1995; Smith et al, 1986; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2333 | Coal Measures Sandstone | 1 |  | The sandstones are mainly subarkosic, the dominant clast being quartz, with quartzite, orthoclase, microcline (perthite) and muscovite or biotite present in varying amounts. The sandstones are cemented by intergranular kaolinite, chlorite, micas and quartz, or by secondary intergrowths leading to interlocking grains. Veinlets of carbonates and baryte with traces of iron, lead and zinc sulphides are common. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey, sometimes yellowish to brownish grey, occasionally pinkish | PENNINE COAL MEASURES GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Virtually all the sandstones, irrespective of grade, are cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. Channel sandstones often occupy washout structures which may cut down several metres into underlying strata, and contain mudstone, ironstone or coalified pebbles (locally called 'scars' or 'scares'). | Thinly to thickly-bedded massive sandstone, typically fine-grained but distinctive washout structures contain conglomeratic horizons (which are stained distinctively reddish-purple where near the overlying Permian unconformity surface). Occur associated with mudstones, siltstones and coal seams. Some beds kaolinitic or micaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Many of the sandstones, especially from the Middle Coal Measures, have been widely quarried for building purposes (and sometimes for roofing and aggregate) throughout the outcrop, and very large reserves remain. The many beds that have been worked for good stone include the High Main, Seventy Fathom and Grindstone Post sandstones - the last also being used in the manufacture of grindstones. | Extends over virtually all of the Tyne & Wear area (with the exception of the eastern coastal belt occupied by Permian 'Magnesian Limestone' strata). However, Coal Measures Group is much concealed at surface outcrop by overlying [NAME] sediments. | 2012-02-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2334 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | 2333 | Coal Measures Sandstone | The sandstones are mainly subarkosic, the dominant clast being quartz, with quartzite, orthoclase, microcline (perthite) and muscovite or biotite present in varying amounts. The sandstones are cemented by intergranular kaolinite, chlorite, micas and quartz, or by secondary intergrowths leading to interlocking grains. Veinlets of carbonates and baryte with traces of iron, lead and zinc sulphides are common. |  | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey | PENNINE MIDDLE COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Virtually all the sandstones, irrespective of grade, are cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. Channel sandstones often occupy washout structures which may cut down several metres into underlying strata, and contain mudstone, ironstone or coalified pebbles (locally called 'scars' or 'scares'). | Interbedded pale grey sandstones, with mudstones, siltstones and commonly coal seams, with a bed of mudstone containing marine fossils at the base, and several such marine fossil-bearing mudstones in the upper half of the unit. Geometrically the sandstones occur in relatively thin (<5m) widespread 'sheet sandstones' or thicker (10-50m) 'channel sandstones'; often the channel sandstones exhibit variable grain-size, in places becoming coarse-grained, evenly pebbly. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Many of the sandstones have been widely quarried for building purposes (and sometimes for roofing and aggregate) throughout the outcrop, and very large reserves remain. The many beds that have been worked for good stone include the High Main, Seventy Fathom and Grindstone Post sandstones - the last also being used in the manufacture of grindstones. | Extensive area of outcrop (and lying concealed below [NAME] sediments) across much of Tyne & Wear, extending westwards from coastal exposures between [NAME] and South Shields to Wallsend, Gosforth, Newcastle-upon-[NAME] and then southwards to Birtley, Washington and east of Chester-le-Street. | 2012-02-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2335 | Grindstone Post Sandstone | 2334 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone |  | GREY | Uniform | Grey, bluish-grey to light brown | GRINDSTONE POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Medium to coarse-grained siliceous 'gritty' sandstones. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2336 | Seventy Fathom Post Sandstone | 2334 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | Unit varies from 10 to 25m thick. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, brownish-grey to pinkish or yellowish-grey | SEVENTY FATHOM POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Lower beds kaolinitic, massive and coarse-grained with some pebbly horizons; the upper parts are generally finer-grained and thinly-bedded to flaggy, sparingly micaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. Extensively quarried around Burradon House, Killingworth and Longbenton old villages, [NAME] and [NAME] railway junction. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2337 | Main Post Sandstone | 2334 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | The sandstone matrix contains little ferric iron and appears almost 'bleached out'. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, brownish-grey | HIGH MAIN POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine Grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Thickly-bedded to massive sandstone, typically fine-grained but distinctive washout structures contain mudstone-pebble conglomeratic horizons (which are stained distinctively reddish-purple where near the overlying Permian unconformity surface). Thinner sandstones, often flaggy with shaly partings are also associated with this sandstone member. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2338 | Lower Coal Measures Sandstone | 2333 | Coal Measures Sandstone | Sandstone units up to 25m+ thick, but usually thinner, typically 5-10m. Some horizons 'gritty' and or split into several [NAME]leaves' which were variously named by local quarrymen, such as 'Second Grit', 'Third Grit' etc. | GREY | Uniform | Greyish, brownish-grey, yellowish-brown | PENNINE LOWER COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones typically cross-bedded. | Interbedded sequences of grey, grey-brown or yellow-brown variable sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and coals (latter becoming thicker ion the upper parts of the sequence). Sandstones massive or thick-bedded to flaggy, medium to coarse-grained with occasional elongate ferruginous concretions and locally with mudstone pebbles; sometimes conglomeratic or feldspathic towards base of sandstone units. Sandstones often micaceous and carbonaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, some very hard and quartzitic, approaching ganisters. | The sandstones were quarried extensively, but on a relatively small scale, for building stone and flaggy roof tiles throughout the outcrop. | Western edge of Tyne & Wear (but more extensive outcrops occur over the borders in Northumberland and Co. [NAME]), with one main belt of strata (much concealed beneath [NAME] sediments) extending via [NAME] and Whickham towards Newcastle-upon-Tyne. | 2012-02-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2339 | Coal Measures Sandstone | 1 |  | The sandstones are mainly subarkosic, the dominant clast being quartz, with quartzite, orthoclase, microcline (perthite) and muscovite or biotite present in varying amounts. The sandstones are cemented by intergranular kaolinite, chlorite, micas and quartz, or by secondary intergrowths leading to interlocking grains. Veinlets of carbonates and baryte with traces of iron, lead and zinc sulphides are common. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey, sometimes yellowish to brownish grey, occasionally pinkish | PENNINE COAL MEASURES GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Virtually all the sandstones, irrespective of grade, are cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. Channel sandstones often occupy washout structures which may cut down several metres into underlying strata, and contain mudstone, ironstone or coalified pebbles (locally called 'scars' or 'scares'). | Thinly to thickly-bedded massive sandstone, typically fine-grained but distinctive washout structures contain conglomeratic horizons (which are stained distinctively reddish-purple where near the overlying Permian unconformity surface). Occur associated with mudstones, siltstones and coal seams. Some beds kaolinitic or micaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Many of the sandstones, especially from the Middle Coal Measures, have been widely quarried for building purposes (and sometimes for roofing and aggregate) throughout the outcrop, and very large reserves remain. The many beds that have been worked for good stone include the High Main, Seventy Fathom and Grindstone Post sandstones - the last also being used in the manufacture of grindstones. | Extends over virtually all of the Tyne & Wear area (with the exception of the eastern coastal belt occupied by Permian 'Magnesian Limestone' strata). However, Coal Measures Group is much concealed at surface outcrop by overlying [NAME] sediments. | 2012-02-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Newcastle City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2340 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | 2339 | Coal Measures Sandstone | The sandstones are mainly subarkosic, the dominant clast being quartz, with quartzite, orthoclase, microcline (perthite) and muscovite or biotite present in varying amounts. The sandstones are cemented by intergranular kaolinite, chlorite, micas and quartz, or by secondary intergrowths leading to interlocking grains. Veinlets of carbonates and baryte with traces of iron, lead and zinc sulphides are common. |  | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey | PENNINE MIDDLE COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Virtually all the sandstones, irrespective of grade, are cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. Channel sandstones often occupy washout structures which may cut down several metres into underlying strata, and contain mudstone, ironstone or coalified pebbles (locally called 'scars' or 'scares'). | Interbedded pale grey sandstones, with mudstones, siltstones and commonly coal seams, with a bed of mudstone containing marine fossils at the base, and several such marine fossil-bearing mudstones in the upper half of the unit. Geometrically the sandstones occur in relatively thin (<5m) widespread 'sheet sandstones' or thicker (10-50m) 'channel sandstones'; often the channel sandstones exhibit variable grain-size, in places becoming coarse-grained, evenly pebbly. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Many of the sandstones have been widely quarried for building purposes (and sometimes for roofing and aggregate) throughout the outcrop, and very large reserves remain. The many beds that have been worked for good stone include the High Main, Seventy Fathom and Grindstone Post sandstones - the last also being used in the manufacture of grindstones. | Extensive area of outcrop (and lying concealed below [NAME] sediments) across much of Tyne & Wear, extending westwards from coastal exposures between [NAME] and South Shields to Wallsend, Gosforth, Newcastle-upon-[NAME] and then southwards to Birtley, Washington and east of Chester-le-Street. | 2012-02-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Newcastle City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2341 | Grindstone Post Sandstone | 2340 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone |  | GREY | Uniform | Grey, bluish-grey to light brown | GRINDSTONE POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Medium to coarse-grained siliceous 'gritty' sandstones. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Newcastle City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2342 | Seventy Fathom Post Sandstone | 2340 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | Unit varies from 10 to 25m thick. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, brownish-grey to pinkish or yellowish-grey | SEVENTY FATHOM POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Lower beds kaolinitic, massive and coarse-grained with some pebbly horizons; the upper parts are generally finer-grained and thinly-bedded to flaggy, sparingly micaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. Extensively quarried around Burradon House, Killingworth and Longbenton old villages, [NAME] and [NAME] railway junction. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Newcastle City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2343 | Main Post Sandstone | 2340 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | The sandstone matrix contains little ferric iron and appears almost 'bleached out'. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, brownish-grey | HIGH MAIN POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine Grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Thickly-bedded to massive sandstone, typically fine-grained but distinctive washout structures contain mudstone-pebble conglomeratic horizons (which are stained distinctively reddish-purple where near the overlying Permian unconformity surface). Thinner sandstones, often flaggy with shaly partings are also associated with this sandstone member. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Newcastle City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2344 | Lower Coal Measures Sandstone | 2339 | Coal Measures Sandstone | Sandstone units up to 25m+ thick, but usually thinner, typically 5-10m. Some horizons 'gritty' and or split into several [NAME]leaves' which were variously named by local quarrymen, such as 'Second Grit', 'Third Grit' etc. | GREY | Uniform | Greyish, brownish-grey, yellowish-brown | PENNINE LOWER COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones typically cross-bedded. | Interbedded sequences of grey, grey-brown or yellow-brown variable sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and coals (latter becoming thicker ion the upper parts of the sequence). Sandstones massive or thick-bedded to flaggy, medium to coarse-grained with occasional elongate ferruginous concretions and locally with mudstone pebbles; sometimes conglomeratic or feldspathic towards base of sandstone units. Sandstones often micaceous and carbonaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, some very hard and quartzitic, approaching ganisters. | The sandstones were quarried extensively, but on a relatively small scale, for building stone and flaggy roof tiles throughout the outcrop. | Western edge of Tyne & Wear (but more extensive outcrops occur over the borders in Northumberland and Co. [NAME]), with one main belt of strata (much concealed beneath [NAME] sediments) extending via [NAME] and Whickham towards Newcastle-upon-Tyne. | 2012-02-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Newcastle City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2345 | Coal Measures Sandstone | 1 |  | The sandstones are mainly subarkosic, the dominant clast being quartz, with quartzite, orthoclase, microcline (perthite) and muscovite or biotite present in varying amounts. The sandstones are cemented by intergranular kaolinite, chlorite, micas and quartz, or by secondary intergrowths leading to interlocking grains. Veinlets of carbonates and baryte with traces of iron, lead and zinc sulphides are common. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey, sometimes yellowish to brownish grey, occasionally pinkish | PENNINE COAL MEASURES GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Virtually all the sandstones, irrespective of grade, are cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. Channel sandstones often occupy washout structures which may cut down several metres into underlying strata, and contain mudstone, ironstone or coalified pebbles (locally called 'scars' or 'scares'). | Thinly to thickly-bedded massive sandstone, typically fine-grained but distinctive washout structures contain conglomeratic horizons (which are stained distinctively reddish-purple where near the overlying Permian unconformity surface). Occur associated with mudstones, siltstones and coal seams. Some beds kaolinitic or micaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Many of the sandstones, especially from the Middle Coal Measures, have been widely quarried for building purposes (and sometimes for roofing and aggregate) throughout the outcrop, and very large reserves remain. The many beds that have been worked for good stone include the High Main, Seventy Fathom and Grindstone Post sandstones - the last also being used in the manufacture of grindstones. | Extends over virtually all of the Tyne & Wear area (with the exception of the eastern coastal belt occupied by Permian 'Magnesian Limestone' strata). However, Coal Measures Group is much concealed at surface outcrop by overlying [NAME] sediments. | 2012-02-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Tyneside Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2346 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | 2345 | Coal Measures Sandstone | The sandstones are mainly subarkosic, the dominant clast being quartz, with quartzite, orthoclase, microcline (perthite) and muscovite or biotite present in varying amounts. The sandstones are cemented by intergranular kaolinite, chlorite, micas and quartz, or by secondary intergrowths leading to interlocking grains. Veinlets of carbonates and baryte with traces of iron, lead and zinc sulphides are common. |  | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey | PENNINE MIDDLE COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Virtually all the sandstones, irrespective of grade, are cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. Channel sandstones often occupy washout structures which may cut down several metres into underlying strata, and contain mudstone, ironstone or coalified pebbles (locally called 'scars' or 'scares'). | Interbedded pale grey sandstones, with mudstones, siltstones and commonly coal seams, with a bed of mudstone containing marine fossils at the base, and several such marine fossil-bearing mudstones in the upper half of the unit. Geometrically the sandstones occur in relatively thin (<5m) widespread 'sheet sandstones' or thicker (10-50m) 'channel sandstones'; often the channel sandstones exhibit variable grain-size, in places becoming coarse-grained, evenly pebbly. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Many of the sandstones have been widely quarried for building purposes (and sometimes for roofing and aggregate) throughout the outcrop, and very large reserves remain. The many beds that have been worked for good stone include the High Main, Seventy Fathom and Grindstone Post sandstones - the last also being used in the manufacture of grindstones. | Extensive area of outcrop (and lying concealed below [NAME] sediments) across much of Tyne & Wear, extending westwards from coastal exposures between [NAME] and South Shields to Wallsend, Gosforth, Newcastle-upon-[NAME] and then southwards to Birtley, Washington and east of Chester-le-Street. | 2012-02-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Tyneside Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2347 | Clousden Hill Sandstone | 2346 | Closing Hill Sandstone | Unit reaches up to 25m thick at Clousden Hill. These upper Middle Coal Measures strata are relatively poorly known. |  | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey | PENNINE MIDDLE COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine Grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Flaggy, micaceous sandstone. The uppermost beds are locally reddened (especially on the micaceous bedding planes) and contain reddened mudstone pebbles owing to their proximity to the Permian unconformity surface. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Quarried and used locally throughout its outcrop near Clousden Hill. | Quarried exclusively from Clousden Hill (formerly known as [NAME]), near Killingworth, approx 10km NE of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Tyneside Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | Land, 1974 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2348 | Grindstone Post Sandstone | 2346 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone |  | GREY | Uniform | Grey, bluish-grey to light brown | GRINDSTONE POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Medium to coarse-grained siliceous 'gritty' sandstones. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Tyneside Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2349 | Seventy Fathom Post Sandstone | 2346 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | Unit varies from 10 to 25m thick. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, brownish-grey to pinkish or yellowish-grey | SEVENTY FATHOM POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Lower beds kaolinitic, massive and coarse-grained with some pebbly horizons; the upper parts are generally finer-grained and thinly-bedded to flaggy, sparingly micaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. Extensively quarried around Burradon House, Killingworth and Longbenton old villages, [NAME] and [NAME] railway junction. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Tyneside Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2350 | Main Post Sandstone | 2346 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | The sandstone matrix contains little ferric iron and appears almost 'bleached out'. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, brownish-grey | HIGH MAIN POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine Grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Thickly-bedded to massive sandstone, typically fine-grained but distinctive washout structures contain mudstone-pebble conglomeratic horizons (which are stained distinctively reddish-purple where near the overlying Permian unconformity surface). Thinner sandstones, often flaggy with shaly partings are also associated with this sandstone member. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Tyneside Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2351 | Seaton Sluice Sandstone | 2346 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | Unit up to 15m thick. Around Hartley New Harbour the lowest part of this sandstone conatains quartz pebbles (up to 2cm diameter), large mudstone clasts (up to 60cm diameter), ironstone pebbles and large coal scars. At the base is a calcite pebble conglomerate, with pebbles up to 5cm diameter. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, brownish-grey | PENNINE MIDDLE COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Strongly cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Grey to brownish-grey fine to medium grained sandstones, exhibiting strong cross-bedding structures. In places the sandstone becomes coarse-grained to conglomeratic, especially in the lowest parts and at the base. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Quarried and used throughout the outcrop. | Quarried exclusively from Seaton Sluice - Collywell Bay and [NAME] Point areas (and immediate inland areas), north of Tynemouth. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Tyneside Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | Land, 1974 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2352 | Lower Coal Measures Sandstone | 2345 | Coal Measures Sandstone | Sandstone units up to 25m+ thick, but usually thinner, typically 5-10m. Some horizons 'gritty' and or split into several [NAME]leaves' which were variously named by local quarrymen, such as 'Second Grit', 'Third Grit' etc. | GREY | Uniform | Greyish, brownish-grey, yellowish-brown | PENNINE LOWER COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones typically cross-bedded. | Interbedded sequences of grey, grey-brown or yellow-brown variable sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and coals (latter becoming thicker ion the upper parts of the sequence). Sandstones massive or thick-bedded to flaggy, medium to coarse-grained with occasional elongate ferruginous concretions and locally with mudstone pebbles; sometimes conglomeratic or feldspathic towards base of sandstone units. Sandstones often micaceous and carbonaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, some very hard and quartzitic, approaching ganisters. | The sandstones were quarried extensively, but on a relatively small scale, for building stone and flaggy roof tiles throughout the outcrop. | Western edge of Tyne & Wear (but more extensive outcrops occur over the borders in Northumberland and Co. [NAME]), with one main belt of strata (much concealed beneath [NAME] sediments) extending via [NAME] and Whickham towards Newcastle-upon-Tyne. | 2012-02-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | North Tyneside Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2353 | Coal Measures Sandstone | 1 |  | The sandstones are mainly subarkosic, the dominant clast being quartz, with quartzite, orthoclase, microcline (perthite) and muscovite or biotite present in varying amounts. The sandstones are cemented by intergranular kaolinite, chlorite, micas and quartz, or by secondary intergrowths leading to interlocking grains. Veinlets of carbonates and baryte with traces of iron, lead and zinc sulphides are common. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey, sometimes yellowish to brownish grey, occasionally pinkish | PENNINE COAL MEASURES GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Virtually all the sandstones, irrespective of grade, are cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. Channel sandstones often occupy washout structures which may cut down several metres into underlying strata, and contain mudstone, ironstone or coalified pebbles (locally called 'scars' or 'scares'). | Thinly to thickly-bedded massive sandstone, typically fine-grained but distinctive washout structures contain conglomeratic horizons (which are stained distinctively reddish-purple where near the overlying Permian unconformity surface). Occur associated with mudstones, siltstones and coal seams. Some beds kaolinitic or micaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Many of the sandstones, especially from the Middle Coal Measures, have been widely quarried for building purposes (and sometimes for roofing and aggregate) throughout the outcrop, and very large reserves remain. The many beds that have been worked for good stone include the High Main, Seventy Fathom and Grindstone Post sandstones - the last also being used in the manufacture of grindstones. | Extends over virtually all of the Tyne & Wear area (with the exception of the eastern coastal belt occupied by Permian 'Magnesian Limestone' strata). However, Coal Measures Group is much concealed at surface outcrop by overlying [NAME] sediments. | 2012-02-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2354 | Upper Coal Measures Sandstone | 2353 | Coal Measures Sandstone | Up to 135m of Upper Coal Measures strata is known from the [NAME] and Wear area, mainly beneath Permian rocks. The thickest sandstone unit (9m) occurs below the Hylton Castle Coal seam, but apart grey mudstones and siltstones dominate the sequence, and other sandstone units are thin. Relatively little is known of this higher part of the Coal Measure sequence. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey | PENNINE [NAME] [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Cross-bedding | Interbedded grey mudstones, siltstones and pale grey sandstones, commonly with coal seams, but no mudstones containing marine fossils are present. | Not known | Utilised very locally, in conjunction with other (Middle) Coal Measures sandstones. | Restricted to very small fault-bounded outliers east of Gateshead and west of Sunderland, close to the boundary of Carboniferous Coal Measure deposits with Permian strata. Also near Killingworth, approx 10km NE of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2355 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | 2354 | Coal Measures Sandstone | The sandstones are mainly subarkosic, the dominant clast being quartz, with quartzite, orthoclase, microcline (perthite) and muscovite or biotite present in varying amounts. The sandstones are cemented by intergranular kaolinite, chlorite, micas and quartz, or by secondary intergrowths leading to interlocking grains. Veinlets of carbonates and baryte with traces of iron, lead and zinc sulphides are common. |  | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey | PENNINE MIDDLE COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Virtually all the sandstones, irrespective of grade, are cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. Channel sandstones often occupy washout structures which may cut down several metres into underlying strata, and contain mudstone, ironstone or coalified pebbles (locally called 'scars' or 'scares'). | Interbedded pale grey sandstones, with mudstones, siltstones and commonly coal seams, with a bed of mudstone containing marine fossils at the base, and several such marine fossil-bearing mudstones in the upper half of the unit. Geometrically the sandstones occur in relatively thin (<5m) widespread 'sheet sandstones' or thicker (10-50m) 'channel sandstones'; often the channel sandstones exhibit variable grain-size, in places becoming coarse-grained, evenly pebbly. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Many of the sandstones have been widely quarried for building purposes (and sometimes for roofing and aggregate) throughout the outcrop, and very large reserves remain. The many beds that have been worked for good stone include the High Main, Seventy Fathom and Grindstone Post sandstones - the last also being used in the manufacture of grindstones. | Extensive area of outcrop (and lying concealed below [NAME] sediments) across much of Tyne & Wear, extending westwards from coastal exposures between [NAME] and South Shields to Wallsend, Gosforth, Newcastle-upon-[NAME] and then southwards to Birtley, Washington and east of Chester-le-Street. | 2012-02-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2356 | Grindstone Post Sandstone | 2355 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone |  | GREY | Uniform | Grey, bluish-grey to light brown | GRINDSTONE POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Medium to coarse-grained siliceous 'gritty' sandstones. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2357 | Seventy Fathom Post Sandstone | 2355 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | Unit varies from 10 to 25m thick. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, brownish-grey to pinkish or yellowish-grey | SEVENTY FATHOM POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Lower beds kaolinitic, massive and coarse-grained with some pebbly horizons; the upper parts are generally finer-grained and thinly-bedded to flaggy, sparingly micaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. Extensively quarried around Burradon House, Killingworth and Longbenton old villages, [NAME] and [NAME] railway junction. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2358 | Main Post Sandstone | 2355 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | The sandstone matrix contains little ferric iron and appears almost 'bleached out'. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, brownish-grey | HIGH MAIN POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine Grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Thickly-bedded to massive sandstone, typically fine-grained but distinctive washout structures contain mudstone-pebble conglomeratic horizons (which are stained distinctively reddish-purple where near the overlying Permian unconformity surface). Thinner sandstones, often flaggy with shaly partings are also associated with this sandstone member. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Sunderland City Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2359 | Coal Measures Sandstone | 1 |  | The sandstones are mainly subarkosic, the dominant clast being quartz, with quartzite, orthoclase, microcline (perthite) and muscovite or biotite present in varying amounts. The sandstones are cemented by intergranular kaolinite, chlorite, micas and quartz, or by secondary intergrowths leading to interlocking grains. Veinlets of carbonates and baryte with traces of iron, lead and zinc sulphides are common. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey, sometimes yellowish to brownish grey, occasionally pinkish | PENNINE COAL MEASURES GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Virtually all the sandstones, irrespective of grade, are cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. Channel sandstones often occupy washout structures which may cut down several metres into underlying strata, and contain mudstone, ironstone or coalified pebbles (locally called 'scars' or 'scares'). | Thinly to thickly-bedded massive sandstone, typically fine-grained but distinctive washout structures contain conglomeratic horizons (which are stained distinctively reddish-purple where near the overlying Permian unconformity surface). Occur associated with mudstones, siltstones and coal seams. Some beds kaolinitic or micaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Many of the sandstones, especially from the Middle Coal Measures, have been widely quarried for building purposes (and sometimes for roofing and aggregate) throughout the outcrop, and very large reserves remain. The many beds that have been worked for good stone include the High Main, Seventy Fathom and Grindstone Post sandstones - the last also being used in the manufacture of grindstones. | Extends over virtually all of the Tyne & Wear area (with the exception of the eastern coastal belt occupied by Permian 'Magnesian Limestone' strata). However, Coal Measures Group is much concealed at surface outcrop by overlying [NAME] sediments. | 2012-02-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2360 | Upper Coal Measures Sandstone | 2359 | Coal Measures Sandstone | Up to 135m of Upper Coal Measures strata is known from the [NAME] and Wear area, mainly beneath Permian rocks. The thickest sandstone unit (9m) occurs below the Hylton Castle Coal seam, but apart grey mudstones and siltstones dominate the sequence, and other sandstone units are thin. Relatively little is known of this higher part of the Coal Measure sequence. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey | PENNINE [NAME] [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Cross-bedding | Interbedded grey mudstones, siltstones and pale grey sandstones, commonly with coal seams, but no mudstones containing marine fossils are present. | Not known | Utilised very locally, in conjunction with other (Middle) Coal Measures sandstones. | Restricted to very small fault-bounded outliers east of Gateshead and west of Sunderland, close to the boundary of Carboniferous Coal Measure deposits with Permian strata. Also near Killingworth, approx 10km NE of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2361 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | 2359 | Coal Measures Sandstone | The sandstones are mainly subarkosic, the dominant clast being quartz, with quartzite, orthoclase, microcline (perthite) and muscovite or biotite present in varying amounts. The sandstones are cemented by intergranular kaolinite, chlorite, micas and quartz, or by secondary intergrowths leading to interlocking grains. Veinlets of carbonates and baryte with traces of iron, lead and zinc sulphides are common. |  | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey | PENNINE MIDDLE COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Virtually all the sandstones, irrespective of grade, are cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. Channel sandstones often occupy washout structures which may cut down several metres into underlying strata, and contain mudstone, ironstone or coalified pebbles (locally called 'scars' or 'scares'). | Interbedded pale grey sandstones, with mudstones, siltstones and commonly coal seams, with a bed of mudstone containing marine fossils at the base, and several such marine fossil-bearing mudstones in the upper half of the unit. Geometrically the sandstones occur in relatively thin (<5m) widespread 'sheet sandstones' or thicker (10-50m) 'channel sandstones'; often the channel sandstones exhibit variable grain-size, in places becoming coarse-grained, evenly pebbly. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Many of the sandstones have been widely quarried for building purposes (and sometimes for roofing and aggregate) throughout the outcrop, and very large reserves remain. The many beds that have been worked for good stone include the High Main, Seventy Fathom and Grindstone Post sandstones - the last also being used in the manufacture of grindstones. | Extensive area of outcrop (and lying concealed below [NAME] sediments) across much of Tyne & Wear, extending westwards from coastal exposures between [NAME] and South Shields to Wallsend, Gosforth, Newcastle-upon-[NAME] and then southwards to Birtley, Washington and east of Chester-le-Street. | 2012-02-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2362 | Grindstone Post Sandstone | 2361 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone |  | GREY | Uniform | Grey, bluish-grey to light brown | GRINDSTONE POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Medium to coarse-grained siliceous 'gritty' sandstones. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2363 | Seventy Fathom Post Sandstone | 2361 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | Unit varies from 10 to 25m thick. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, brownish-grey to pinkish or yellowish-grey | SEVENTY FATHOM POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Lower beds kaolinitic, massive and coarse-grained with some pebbly horizons; the upper parts are generally finer-grained and thinly-bedded to flaggy, sparingly micaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. Extensively quarried around Burradon House, Killingworth and Longbenton old villages, [NAME] and [NAME] railway junction. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2364 | Granite (dark) | 1 | ? |  |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | GRANITE |  |  |  |  | ? | Newcastle-upon-Tyne usage | 2012-03-07 00:00:00 | [NAME] | [NAME] and Wear mineral planning area | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | Tyne & Wear Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2365 | Lakeland Slate | 1 | ? |  |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | SLATE |  |  |  |  | ? | Tyne & Wear usage | 2012-03-07 00:00:00 | [NAME] | [NAME] and Wear mineral planning area | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | Tyne & Wear Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:21:11
2366 | Stone Slate | 1 | ? |  |  |  |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | NOT ENTERED |  |  |  |  | ? | Sunderland usage | 2012-03-07 00:00:00 | [NAME] | [NAME] and Wear mineral planning area | TyneAndWear English Heritage Atlas Area | Tyne & Wear Buildings spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:21:11