Spreadsheet: 18fc68b9-e0bb-4f1f-b6d9-61896c502b7a
Sheet: Stones

BUILDING_STONE_ID | STONE_NAME | PARENT BUILDING STONE  ID | ALTERNATIVE_NAMES | [NAME] | COLOUR | COLOUR_VARIATION | WEATHERED COLOUR | LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY | CHRONOSTRAT | STONE_LITHOLOGY | GRAIN_SIZE | [NAME] | KEY_IDENTIFICATION_FEATURES | FAILURE_WEATHERING | CONTEXT_OF_USE | LOCALITY_OF_USE | DATE_COMPILED | COMPILED_BY | MINERAL PLANNING AREA | English Heritage Atlas Area | SOURCE_OF_INFO | retrieval_date
2401 | [NAME] | 1 | Whinstone | These dolerite dyke rocks may be distinguished from those of the Whin Sill by their porphyritic character, with small phenocrysts of feldspar and pyroxene set in a dark grey, fine-grained matrix. | BLACK | Mottled | Dark greyish, blackish, bluish-grey | NORTH BRITAIN PALAEOGENE DYKE SUITE | PALAEOGENE | DOLERITE | Fine grained | The dykes are typically less than 15m wide, and generally vertical or steeply subvertical in aspect. A well developed columnar jointing structure is often visible, and in some placessphaeroidal, pillow-like structures are present. | Fine-grained to medium-grained tholeiitic basalts and dolerites, dark coloured. The more coarser grained varieties exhibit a mottled texture with dark pyroxene (sometimes also olivine) crystals interlocking with pale feldspar (Anorthite) phenocrysts. Matrix glassy, commonly devitrified or microcrystalline. | Very hard and resistant. | Used mainly as a source of roadstone and aggregate. Because of their hard, intractable nature and restricted occurrence, these igneous rocks have not really been employed as building stones except locally in stone walling near accessible outcrops. | A series of NW-SE trending dolerite dykes occur in the SE coastal area of Northumberland between Morpeth and [NAME]. Elsewhere, a major dyke occurs cross-cutting central Northumberland from the southern edge of the Cheviot Hills to near Broomhill, and smaller, but related dykes occur in the Kielder area of west Northumberland. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1975a; BGS, 2009; Land, 1974; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2402 | [NAME] | 2401 | Whinstone | Several different varieties of tholeiite have been recognised based on detailed petrological character, even dykes belonging to the same intrusion may exhibit significant petrological differences. |  | Mottled | Dark greyish, blackish | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] | PALAEOGENE | DOLERITE | Fine Grained | The dykes are typically less than 15m wide, and generally vertical or steeply subvertical in aspect. Contacts with sedimentary host rocks are often brecciated. | Fine-grained to medium-grained tholeiitic basalts and dolerites, dark coloured. The more coarser grained varieties exhibit a mottled texture with dark pyroxene (sometimes also olivine) crystals interlocking with pale feldspar (Anorthite) phenocrysts. Matrix glassy, commonly devitrified or microcrystalline. | Tough, resistant. | ? | Various W to WNW trending basic dykes occur | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2403 | [NAME] | 2402 | [NAME] | These dolerite dyke rocks may be distinguished from those of the Whin Sill by their porphyritic character, with small phenocrysts of feldspar and pyroxene set in a dark grey, fine-grained matrix. | BLACK | Mottled | Dark greyish, blackish, bluish-grey | ACKLINGTON DYKE | PALAEOGENE | DOLERITE | Fine grained | The dykes are typically less than 15m wide, and generally vertical or steeply subvertical in aspect. A well developed columnar jointing structure is often visible, and in some placessphaeroidal, pillow-like structures are present. | Fine-grained to medium-grained tholeiitic basalts and dolerites, dark coloured. The more coarser grained varieties exhibit a mottled texture with dark pyroxene (sometimes also olivine) crystals interlocking with pale feldspar (Anorthite) phenocrysts. Matrix glassy, commonly devitrified or microcrystalline. | Very hard and resistant. | Used mainly as a source of roadstone and aggregate. Because of their hard, intractable nature and restricted occurrence, these igneous rocks have not really been employed as building stones except locally in stone walling near accessible outcrops. | A series of NW-SE trending dolerite dykes occur in the SE coastal area of Northumberland between Morpeth and [NAME]. Elsewhere, a major dyke occurs cross-cutting central Northumberland from the southern edge of the Cheviot Hills to near Broomhill, and smaller, but related dykes occur in the Kielder area of west Northumberland. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1975a; BGS, 2009; Land, 1974; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2404 | [NAME] | 2401 | Whinstone | Several different varieties of tholeiite have been recognised based on detailed petrological character, even dykes belonging to the same intrusion may exhibit significant petrological differences. |  | Mottled | Dark greyish, blackish | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] | PALAEOGENE | DOLERITE | Fine Grained | The dykes are typically less than 15m wide, and generally vertical or steeply subvertical in aspect. Contacts with sedimentary host rocks are often brecciated. | Fine-grained to medium-grained tholeiitic basalts and dolerites, dark coloured. The more coarser grained varieties exhibit a mottled texture with dark pyroxene (sometimes also olivine) crystals interlocking with pale feldspar (Anorthite) phenocrysts. Matrix glassy, commonly devitrified or microcrystalline. | Tough, resistant. | ? | Various W to WNW trending basic dykes occur | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2405 | [NAME] | 2404 | [NAME] | These dolerite dyke rocks may be distinguished from those of the Whin Sill by their porphyritic character, with small phenocrysts of feldspar and pyroxene set in a dark grey, fine-grained matrix. | BLACK | Mottled | Dark greyish, blackish, bluish-grey | ACKLINGTON DYKE | PALAEOGENE | DOLERITE | Fine grained | The dykes are typically less than 15m wide, and generally vertical or steeply subvertical in aspect. A well developed columnar jointing structure is often visible, and in some placessphaeroidal, pillow-like structures are present. | Fine-grained to medium-grained tholeiitic basalts and dolerites, dark coloured. The more coarser grained varieties exhibit a mottled texture with dark pyroxene (sometimes also olivine) crystals interlocking with pale feldspar (Anorthite) phenocrysts. Matrix glassy, commonly devitrified or microcrystalline. | Very hard and resistant. | Used mainly as a source of roadstone and aggregate. Because of their hard, intractable nature and restricted occurrence, these igneous rocks have not really been employed as building stones except locally in stone walling near accessible outcrops. | A series of NW-SE trending dolerite dykes occur in the SE coastal area of Northumberland between Morpeth and [NAME]. Elsewhere, a major dyke occurs cross-cutting central Northumberland from the southern edge of the Cheviot Hills to near Broomhill, and smaller, but related dykes occur in the Kielder area of west Northumberland. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1975a; BGS, 2009; Land, 1974; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2406 | Whinstone | 1 | Whin Sill Dolerite | The outcrops of the Great Whin Sill comprise some of the best known and most dramatic landscape features of Northumberland. | BLACK | Mottled | Dark greyish, blackish, bluish-grey | GREAT WHIN SILL | PERMIAN | DOLERITE | Fine grained | Crude columnar jointing is conspicuous in most exposures. | Fine to medium-grained, weakly porphyritic quartz dolerites, with grains up to 2mm in diameter. The rock comprises plagioclase feldspar with pyroxenes (mainly augite, hypersthene and pigeonite) and significant amounts of opaque iron oxides and pyrite. Many rocks show interstitial intergrowth areas of quartz and alkali feldspar. There is a marked decrease in grain size at the margins of the sill where the rock comprises a very fine-grained tachylite. In the upper half of the sill, the dolerite is locally cut by flat-lying sheets, veins and segregations of coarse-grained 'pegmatitic' dolerite (with crystals up to 2cm in length). | Very hard and resistant to erosion. | Used mainly as a source of roadstone and aggregate. Not really been employed as building stones except locally as in Bamburgh and Embleton, and in stone walling near accessible outcrops. | This intrusive igneous complex underlies much of NE England, but within Northumberland it crops out as a discontinuous ridge within the Alston Formation, extending from the NE of the county (Fenwick, Belford, Bamburgh) then via coastal areas (Beadnell, Embleton, [NAME]) to near Longhoughton and south of Alnwick. The sill then continues in a near continuous belt through south central Northumberland, stretching from Kirkwhelpington westwards (running north of Hallington, Humshaugh and Newborough) to Greenhead. The outcrops of the Great Whin Sill comprise some of the best known and most dramatic landscape features of Northumberland. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS, 1970; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2407 | Whinstone | 1 | Whin Sill Dolerite | The outcrops of the Great Whin Sill comprise some of the best known and most dramatic landscape features of Northumberland. | BLACK | Mottled | Dark greyish, blackish, bluish-grey | GREAT WHIN SILL | PERMIAN | DOLERITE | Fine grained | Crude columnar jointing is conspicuous in most exposures. | Fine to medium-grained, weakly porphyritic quartz dolerites, with grains up to 2mm in diameter. The rock comprises plagioclase feldspar with pyroxenes (mainly augite, hypersthene and pigeonite) and significant amounts of opaque iron oxides and pyrite. Many rocks show interstitial intergrowth areas of quartz and alkali feldspar. There is a marked decrease in grain size at the margins of the sill where the rock comprises a very fine-grained tachylite. In the upper half of the sill, the dolerite is locally cut by flat-lying sheets, veins and segregations of coarse-grained 'pegmatitic' dolerite (with crystals up to 2cm in length). | Very hard and resistant to erosion. | Used mainly as a source of roadstone and aggregate. Not really been employed as building stones except locally as in Bamburgh and Embleton, and in stone walling near accessible outcrops. | This intrusive igneous complex underlies much of NE England, but within Northumberland it crops out as a discontinuous ridge within the Alston Formation, extending from the NE of the county (Fenwick, Belford, Bamburgh) then via coastal areas (Beadnell, Embleton, [NAME]) to near Longhoughton and south of Alnwick. The sill then continues in a near continuous belt through south central Northumberland, stretching from Kirkwhelpington westwards (running north of Hallington, Humshaugh and Newborough) to Greenhead. The outcrops of the Great Whin Sill comprise some of the best known and most dramatic landscape features of Northumberland. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS, 1970; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2408 | Coal Measures Sandstone | 1 |  | The sandstones are mainly subarkosic, the dominant clast being quartz, with quartzite, orthoclase, microcline (perthite) and muscovite or biotite present in varying amounts. The sandstones are cemented by intergranular kaolinite, chlorite, micas and quartz, or by secondary intergrowths leading to interlocking grains. Veinlets of carbonates and baryte with traces of iron, lead and zinc sulphides are common. | GREY | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey, sometimes yellowish to brownish grey, occasionally pinkish | PENNINE COAL MEASURES GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Virtually all the sandstones, irrespective of grade, are cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. Channel sandstones often occupy washout structures which may cut down several metres into underlying strata, and contain mudstone, ironstone or coalified pebbles (locally called 'scars' or 'scares'). | Thinly to thickly-bedded massive sandstone, typically fine-grained but distinctive washout structures contain conglomeratic horizons (which are stained distinctively reddish-purple where near the overlying Permian unconformity surface). Occur associated with mudstones, siltstones and coal seams. Some beds kaolinitic or micaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Many of the Coal Measure sandstones have been widely quarried for building purposes (and sometimes for roofing and aggregate) throughout the outcrop, and very large reserves remain. The many beds that have been worked for good stone include Grindstone Post sandstones - which was also used in the manufacture of grindstones. | Mainly crops out in SE Northumberland, in a roughly triangular shaped area bounded by Amble (in the north) to Derwent Reservoir (west) and [NAME] (east). Some of the best exposures occur along the Northumberland coast.The strata also crop out within a line of small, fault-bounded outliers extending approximately E-W from Lambley to near Hexham in southern Northumberland. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2409 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | 2408 | Coal Measures Sandstone | The sandstones are mainly subarkosic, the dominant clast being quartz, with quartzite, orthoclase, microcline (perthite) and muscovite or biotite present in varying amounts. The sandstones are cemented by intergranular kaolinite, chlorite, micas and quartz, or by secondary intergrowths leading to interlocking grains. Veinlets of carbonates and baryte with traces of iron, lead and zinc sulphides are common. |  | Uniform | Grey to dark greenish grey | PENNINE MIDDLE COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Virtually all the sandstones, irrespective of grade, are cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. Channel sandstones often occupy washout structures which may cut down several metres into underlying strata, and contain mudstone, ironstone or coalified pebbles (locally called 'scars' or 'scares'). | Interbedded pale grey sandstones, with mudstones, siltstones and commonly coal seams, with a bed of mudstone containing marine fossils at the base, and several such marine fossil-bearing mudstones in the upper half of the unit. Geometrically the sandstones occur in relatively thin (<5m) widespread 'sheet sandstones' or thicker (10-50m) 'channel sandstones'; often the channel sandstones exhibit variable grain-size, in places becoming coarse-grained, evenly pebbly. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Many of the Middle Coal Measure sandstones have been widely quarried for building purposes (and aggregate) throughout the outcrop, and very large reserves remain. The many beds that have been worked for good stone include Grindstone Post sandstones - which was also used in the manufacture of grindstones. Examples of its use as a building stone are found in Ashington, [NAME] and [NAME]-by-the-Sea. | Crops out in SE Northumberland, in a roughly triangular-shaped area bounded by Amble (in the north), Prudhoe (West) and [NAME] (east). Some of the best exposures occur along the Northumberland coast. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2410 | Woodhorn Sandstone | 2409 |  | Unit varies from 10 to 25m thick. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, brownish-grey to pinkish or yellowish-grey | PENNINE MIDDLE COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Lower beds kaolinitic, massive and coarse-grained with some pebbly horizons; the upper parts are generally finer-grained and thinly-bedded to flaggy, sparingly micaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. | Scattered outcrops (or subcrops), often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main areas of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2411 | Seaton Sluice Sandstone | 2409 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | Unit up to 15m thick. Around Hartley New Harbour the lowest part of this sandstone conatains quartz pebbles (up to 2cm diameter), large mudstone clasts (up to 60cm diameter), ironstone pebbles and large coal scars. At the base is a calcite pebble conglomerate, with pebbles up to 5cm diameter. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, brownish-grey | PENNINE MIDDLE COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Strongly cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Grey to brownish-grey fine to medium grained sandstones, exhibiting strong cross-bedding structures. In places the sandstone becomes coarse-grained to conglomeratic, especially in the lowest parts and at the base. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | Quarried and used throughout the outcrop. | Quarried exclusively from Seaton Sluice - Collywell Bay and [NAME] Point areas (and immediate inland areas), north of Tynemouth. | 2012-01-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | Land, 1974 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2412 | Seventy Fathom Post Sandstone | 2409 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | Unit varies from 10 to 25m thick. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, brownish-grey to pinkish or yellowish-grey | SEVENTY FATHOM POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Lower beds kaolinitic, massive and coarse-grained with some pebbly horizons; the upper parts are generally finer-grained and thinly-bedded to flaggy, sparingly micaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. | Scattered outcrops (or subcrops), often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main areas of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2413 | Main Post Sandstone | 2409 | Middle Coal Measures Sandstone | The sandstone matrix contains little ferric iron and appears almost 'bleached out'. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, brownish-grey | HIGH MAIN POST MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine Grained | Cross-bedded and frequently ripple-marked. | Thickly-bedded to massive sandstone, typically fine-grained but distinctive washout structures contain mudstone-pebble conglomeratic horizons (which are stained distinctively reddish-purple where near the overlying Permian unconformity surface). Thinner sandstones, often flaggy with shaly partings are also associated with this sandstone member. | Tough durable sandstones, the quartz cemented stones being particularly resistant. | One of the main sandstone units widely used for building purposes throughout the outcrop. | Scattered outcrops and subcrops, often fault-bounded, at various locations within the main outcrops of the Pennine Middle Coal Measure Formation. | 2012-01-25 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1978; Land, 1974; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2414 | Lower Coal Measures Sandstone | 2408 | Coal Measures Sandstone | Sandstone units up to 25m+ thick, but usually thinner, typically 5-10m. | GREY | Uniform | Greyish, brownish-grey, yellowish-brown | PENNINE LOWER COAL MEASURES [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones typically cross-bedded. | Interbedded sequences of grey, grey-brown or yellow-brown variable sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and coals (latter becoming thicker ion the upper parts of the sequence). Sandstones massive or thick-bedded to flaggy, medium to coarse-grained with occasional elongate ferruginous concretions and locally with mudstone pebbles; sometimes conglomeratic or feldspathic towards base of sandstone units. Sandstones often micaceous and carbonaceous. | Tough durable sandstones, some very hard and quartzitic, approaching ganisters. | The sandstones were quarried extensively, but on a relatively small scale, for building stone; e.g. Stannington, Amble-by-the-Sea and [NAME] (including [NAME]). | Mainly crops out in SE Northumberland, in a roughly NNE-SSW trending belt (fringing the Pennine Middle Coal Measures Formation) extending from Amble (in the North) via Morpeth and Stannington to Derwent Reservoir. The strata also crop out within a line of small, fault-bounded outliers extending approximately E-W from Lambley to near Hexham in southern Northumberland. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2415 | Stainmore Formation Sandstone | 1 | Millstone Grit | The Stainmore Formation is very thick, reaching 400-500m near Stainmore. ?? | GREY | Uniform | Greyish, brownish-grey, yellowish-brown. | STAINMORE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones occur in channel-fill deposits, fining-upwards and with erosional bases cross-cutting underlying strata. Hummocky, cross-stratified and ripple-marked sandstones also present. | The formation comprises rhythmic alternations of mudstones, siltstones and sandstones, with a few thin coals and limestones (mostly confined to the lower part of the formation). The sandstones are generally fine- to medium-grained, micaceous and often carbonaceous; some scattered intervals (up to 20m thick) comprise coarser-grained sandstones (locally termed 'grits'). Basal beds above the underlying Great Limestone ([NAME]) are often chert rich. | The sandstones in particular weather to a distinct yellow-brown sheen, and clearly expose cross-bedding structures. | Used throughout its outcrop, and typically quarried from small pits which were opened as a source of local building stone, for example at Stamfordham and Haltwhistle. | Mainly crops out in SE and S Northumberland, in a broad roughly NNE-SSW trending belt (fringing the Pennine Coal Measures Group ) extending from Longhoughton (on the north coast) via Stamfordham and Hexham to a southern area bounded by Greenhead, Slaggyford, Allenheads, Blanchland and [NAME]. The strata also crop out within a line of small, fault-bounded outliers in NE Northumberland near Cheswick, Newton-by-the-Sea and Embleton. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS, 1973; BGS, 1975b, BGS, 2009; Gunn, 1897; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002; | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2416 | Grindstone Sill | 2415 | Grindstone Sandstone | The Stainmore Formation is very thick, reaching 400-500m near Stainmore. |  |  |  | GRINDSTONE SILL | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE |  | Sandstones occur in channel-fill deposits, fining-upwards and with erosional bases cross-cutting underlying strata. Hummocky, cross-stratified and ripple-marked sandstones also present. |  | The sandstones in particular weather to a distinct yellow-brown sheen, and clearly expose cross-bedding structures. | Used throughout its outcrop, and typically quarried from small pits which were opened as a source of local building stone, for example at Stamfordham and Haltwhistle. | Northumberland usage | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2417 | Stainmore Formation Limestone | 1 |  | The Stainmore Formation is very thick, reaching 400-500m near Stainmore. ?? |  |  |  | STAINMORE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE |  |  | The formation comprises rhythmic alternations of mudstones, siltstones and sandstones, with a few thin coals and limestones (mostly confined to the lower part of the formation). The sandstones are generally fine- to medium-grained, micaceous and often carbonaceous; some scattered intervals (up to 20m thick) comprise coarser-grained sandstones (locally termed 'grits'). Basal beds above the underlying Great Limestone ([NAME]) are often chert rich. |  | Used throughout its outcrop, and typically quarried from small pits which were opened as a source of local building stone, for example at Stamfordham and Haltwhistle. | Northumberland usage | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2418 | Newton Limestone | 2417 | Stainmore Formation Limestone | The Stainmore Formation is very thick, reaching 400-500m near Stainmore. ?? |  |  |  | NEWTON LIMESTONE | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE |  |  | The formation comprises rhythmic alternations of mudstones, siltstones and sandstones, with a few thin coals and limestones (mostly confined to the lower part of the formation). The sandstones are generally fine- to medium-grained, micaceous and often carbonaceous; some scattered intervals (up to 20m thick) comprise coarser-grained sandstones (locally termed 'grits'). Basal beds above the underlying Great Limestone ([NAME]) are often chert rich. |  | Used throughout its outcrop, and typically quarried from small pits which were opened as a source of local building stone, for example at Stamfordham and Haltwhistle. | Northumberland usage | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2419 | [NAME] | 1 | Chief Limestone | The Alston Formation has a fairly constant thickness, about 300m. The limestones typically contain comminuted shell debris with scattered crinoid, bryozoa, foraminifera and algae; complete or broken brachiopod shells and corals are distributed randomly throughout the main limestone horizons and commonly concentrated into local accumulations. Fully marine faunas occur within the interbedded mudstones; carbonaceous and plant matter occur abundantly in the clastic sediments. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, [NAME], occasionally pale grey, whitish near base of Formation | [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some of the limestones exhibit current-bedded structures. The sandstones are often ripple and/or cross-bedded with erosive bases. | The Alston Formation consists of a succession of regular, well-developed typical 'Yoredale-type' cyclothems comprising bioclastic (biomicritic) limestones, sandstones, mudstones, siltstones and rare coals. Limestones are the most widespread and consistent lithologies, and generally dark grey, sometimes bituminous, and almost black in colour. They show an overall upward change from massive, fine-grained wackestones with a notable algal component, to current-bedded crinoidal packstones and grainstones. Some limestones comprise a single bed, others are made up of two or three beds separated by thin mudstone or sandstone intervals. The clastic horizons are highly  variable, ranging from calcareous and silty mudstones with ironstone nodules, to silty flaggy sandstones and medium-grained sandstones. The latter are composed of subangular quartz grains, commonly with abundant rootlet traces and a strong siliceous cement. | The siliceous cemented sandstones (approaching 'ganister' type sandstones) are particularly resistant. | Worked locally in small quarries either as building stone, or for making lime for both agriculture and building. The limestone is typically used in a roughly dressed, squared fashion, as in Bamburgh, Humshaugh and limekilns at Seahouses. | Mainly crops out along an arcuate belt stretching from NE to south central Northumberland, extending from Ancroft and Holy Island, via Rennington, Chollerton and Newborough to Greenhead. Small outliers also crop out near the south border of the county, along the Rivers West Allen and East Allen (near Carr Shield and Allenheads respectively), and also south of Slaggyford. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2420 | Great Limestone | 2419 | Main Limestone | Typically up to 15m thick. The Great Limestone Member was formerly assigned as the basal unit of the Stainmore Formation. | GREY | Uniform | Greyish, brownish-grey, yellowish-brown, dark grey | GREAT LIMESTONE MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Medium grained | The Great Limestone typically occurs as thick beds (known to local quarrymen and miners as 'posts'), which vary from a few centimetres up to almost 2m thick. The uppermost 4.5m of the formation comprise well-marked 'posts' of limestone separated by dark grey shales, up to 0.6m thick. Shelly sandstone units also occur and are useful as correlative horizons. | Medium to dark blue-grey grey, slightly bituminous bioclastic limestones (packstones), in which small fragments of crinoids are usually abundant. Complete or fragmentary shells of brachiopods and bivalves are locally conspicuous, and in places solitary and colonial corals are common. The upper parts of the Member contain persistent mudstone interbeds. | Fairly durable, but subject to water worn features (in outcrop prominent lines of sink or shake holes clearly mark the top of the Member along many hillsides). | One of the thickest and most extensive limestones within the Carboniferous succession, the Great Limestone has been extensively quarried for building stone and aggregate along its outcrop. | Crops out in the upper part of the Alston Formation, in an arcuate belt stretching from NE to south central Northumberland, extending from Ancroft and Holy Island, via Rennington, Chollerton and Newborough to Greenhead. Small outliers also crop out near the south border of the county, along the Rivers West Allen and East Allen (near Carr Shield and Allenheads respectively), and also south of Slaggyford. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2421 | Low [NAME] | 2419 | [NAME] | The Alston Formation has a fairly constant thickness, about 300m. The limestones typically contain comminuted shell debris with scattered crinoid, bryozoa, foraminifera and algae; complete or broken brachiopod shells and corals are distributed randomly throughout the main limestone horizons and commonly concentrated into local accumulations. Fully marine faunas occur within the interbedded mudstones; carbonaceous and plant matter occur abundantly in the clastic sediments. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, [NAME], occasionally pale grey, whitish near base of Formation | LOW [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some of the limestones exhibit current-bedded structures. The sandstones are often ripple and/or cross-bedded with erosive bases. | The Alston Formation consists of a succession of regular, well-developed typical 'Yoredale-type' cyclothems comprising bioclastic (biomicritic) limestones, sandstones, mudstones, siltstones and rare coals. Limestones are the most widespread and consistent lithologies, and generally dark grey, sometimes bituminous, and almost black in colour. They show an overall upward change from massive, fine-grained wackestones with a notable algal component, to current-bedded crinoidal packstones and grainstones. Some limestones comprise a single bed, others are made up of two or three beds separated by thin mudstone or sandstone intervals. The clastic horizons are highly  variable, ranging from calcareous and silty mudstones with ironstone nodules, to silty flaggy sandstones and medium-grained sandstones. The latter are composed of subangular quartz grains, commonly with abundant rootlet traces and a strong siliceous cement. | The siliceous cemented sandstones (approaching 'ganister' type sandstones) are particularly resistant. | Worked locally in small quarries either as building stone, or for making lime for both agriculture and building. The limestone is typically used in a roughly dressed, squared fashion, as in Bamburgh, Humshaugh and limekilns at Seahouses. | ? | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2422 | Three Yard Limestone | 2419 | [NAME] | The Alston Formation has a fairly constant thickness, about 300m. The limestones typically contain comminuted shell debris with scattered crinoid, bryozoa, foraminifera and algae; complete or broken brachiopod shells and corals are distributed randomly throughout the main limestone horizons and commonly concentrated into local accumulations. Fully marine faunas occur within the interbedded mudstones; carbonaceous and plant matter occur abundantly in the clastic sediments. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, [NAME], occasionally pale grey, whitish near base of Formation | THREE YARD LIMESTONE MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some of the limestones exhibit current-bedded structures. The sandstones are often ripple and/or cross-bedded with erosive bases. | The Alston Formation consists of a succession of regular, well-developed typical 'Yoredale-type' cyclothems comprising bioclastic (biomicritic) limestones, sandstones, mudstones, siltstones and rare coals. Limestones are the most widespread and consistent lithologies, and generally dark grey, sometimes bituminous, and almost black in colour. They show an overall upward change from massive, fine-grained wackestones with a notable algal component, to current-bedded crinoidal packstones and grainstones. Some limestones comprise a single bed, others are made up of two or three beds separated by thin mudstone or sandstone intervals. The clastic horizons are highly  variable, ranging from calcareous and silty mudstones with ironstone nodules, to silty flaggy sandstones and medium-grained sandstones. The latter are composed of subangular quartz grains, commonly with abundant rootlet traces and a strong siliceous cement. | The siliceous cemented sandstones (approaching 'ganister' type sandstones) are particularly resistant. | Worked locally in small quarries either as building stone, or for making lime for both agriculture and building. The limestone is typically used in a roughly dressed, squared fashion, as in Bamburgh, Humshaugh and limekilns at Seahouses. | ? | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2423 | [NAME] | 2419 | [NAME] | The Alston Formation has a fairly constant thickness, about 300m. The limestones typically contain comminuted shell debris with scattered crinoid, bryozoa, foraminifera and algae; complete or broken brachiopod shells and corals are distributed randomly throughout the main limestone horizons and commonly concentrated into local accumulations. Fully marine faunas occur within the interbedded mudstones; carbonaceous and plant matter occur abundantly in the clastic sediments. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, [NAME], occasionally pale grey, whitish near base of Formation | [NAME] MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some of the limestones exhibit current-bedded structures. The sandstones are often ripple and/or cross-bedded with erosive bases. | The Alston Formation consists of a succession of regular, well-developed typical 'Yoredale-type' cyclothems comprising bioclastic (biomicritic) limestones, sandstones, mudstones, siltstones and rare coals. Limestones are the most widespread and consistent lithologies, and generally dark grey, sometimes bituminous, and almost black in colour. They show an overall upward change from massive, fine-grained wackestones with a notable algal component, to current-bedded crinoidal packstones and grainstones. Some limestones comprise a single bed, others are made up of two or three beds separated by thin mudstone or sandstone intervals. The clastic horizons are highly  variable, ranging from calcareous and silty mudstones with ironstone nodules, to silty flaggy sandstones and medium-grained sandstones. The latter are composed of subangular quartz grains, commonly with abundant rootlet traces and a strong siliceous cement. | The siliceous cemented sandstones (approaching 'ganister' type sandstones) are particularly resistant. | Worked locally in small quarries either as building stone, or for making lime for both agriculture and building. The limestone is typically used in a roughly dressed, squared fashion, as in Bamburgh, Humshaugh and limekilns at Seahouses. | ? | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2424 | Oxford Limestone | 2419 | [NAME] | The Alston Formation has a fairly constant thickness, about 300m. The limestones typically contain comminuted shell debris with scattered crinoid, bryozoa, foraminifera and algae; complete or broken brachiopod shells and corals are distributed randomly throughout the main limestone horizons and commonly concentrated into local accumulations. Fully marine faunas occur within the interbedded mudstones; carbonaceous and plant matter occur abundantly in the clastic sediments. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, [NAME], occasionally pale grey, whitish near base of Formation | OXFORD LIMESTONE MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some of the limestones exhibit current-bedded structures. The sandstones are often ripple and/or cross-bedded with erosive bases. | The Alston Formation consists of a succession of regular, well-developed typical 'Yoredale-type' cyclothems comprising bioclastic (biomicritic) limestones, sandstones, mudstones, siltstones and rare coals. Limestones are the most widespread and consistent lithologies, and generally dark grey, sometimes bituminous, and almost black in colour. They show an overall upward change from massive, fine-grained wackestones with a notable algal component, to current-bedded crinoidal packstones and grainstones. Some limestones comprise a single bed, others are made up of two or three beds separated by thin mudstone or sandstone intervals. The clastic horizons are highly  variable, ranging from calcareous and silty mudstones with ironstone nodules, to silty flaggy sandstones and medium-grained sandstones. The latter are composed of subangular quartz grains, commonly with abundant rootlet traces and a strong siliceous cement. | The siliceous cemented sandstones (approaching 'ganister' type sandstones) are particularly resistant. | Worked locally in small quarries either as building stone, or for making lime for both agriculture and building. The limestone is typically used in a roughly dressed, squared fashion, as in Bamburgh, Humshaugh and limekilns at Seahouses. | ? | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2425 | Stainmore Formation Sandstone | 1 | Millstone Grit | The Stainmore Formation is very thick, reaching 400-500m near Stainmore. ?? | GREY | Uniform | Greyish, brownish-grey, yellowish-brown. | STAINMORE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Medium grained | Sandstones occur in channel-fill deposits, fining-upwards and with erosional bases cross-cutting underlying strata. Hummocky, cross-stratified and ripple-marked sandstones also present. | The formation comprises rhythmic alternations of mudstones, siltstones and sandstones, with a few thin coals and limestones (mostly confined to the lower part of the formation). The sandstones are generally fine- to medium-grained, micaceous and often carbonaceous; some scattered intervals (up to 20m thick) comprise coarser-grained sandstones (locally termed 'grits'). Basal beds above the underlying Great Limestone ([NAME]) are often chert rich. | The sandstones in particular weather to a distinct yellow-brown sheen, and clearly expose cross-bedding structures. | Used throughout its outcrop, and typically quarried from small pits which were opened as a source of local building stone, for example at Stamfordham and Haltwhistle. | Mainly crops out in SE and S Northumberland, in a broad roughly NNE-SSW trending belt (fringing the Pennine Coal Measures Group ) extending from Longhoughton (on the north coast) via Stamfordham and Hexham to a southern area bounded by Greenhead, Slaggyford, Allenheads, Blanchland and [NAME]. The strata also crop out within a line of small, fault-bounded outliers in NE Northumberland near Cheswick, Newton-by-the-Sea and Embleton. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS, 1973; BGS, 1975b, BGS, 2009; Gunn, 1897; Mills & Holliday, 1998; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002; | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2426 | Stainmore Formation Limestone | 1 |  | The Stainmore Formation is very thick, reaching 400-500m near Stainmore. ?? |  |  |  | STAINMORE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE |  |  | The formation comprises rhythmic alternations of mudstones, siltstones and sandstones, with a few thin coals and limestones (mostly confined to the lower part of the formation). The sandstones are generally fine- to medium-grained, micaceous and often carbonaceous; some scattered intervals (up to 20m thick) comprise coarser-grained sandstones (locally termed 'grits'). Basal beds above the underlying Great Limestone ([NAME]) are often chert rich. |  | Used throughout its outcrop, and typically quarried from small pits which were opened as a source of local building stone, for example at Stamfordham and Haltwhistle. | Northumberland usage | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS LEXICON | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2427 | [NAME] | 1 | Chief Limestone | The Alston Formation has a fairly constant thickness, about 300m. The limestones typically contain comminuted shell debris with scattered crinoid, bryozoa, foraminifera and algae; complete or broken brachiopod shells and corals are distributed randomly throughout the main limestone horizons and commonly concentrated into local accumulations. Fully marine faunas occur within the interbedded mudstones; carbonaceous and plant matter occur abundantly in the clastic sediments. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, [NAME], occasionally pale grey, whitish near base of Formation | [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some of the limestones exhibit current-bedded structures. The sandstones are often ripple and/or cross-bedded with erosive bases. | The Alston Formation consists of a succession of regular, well-developed typical 'Yoredale-type' cyclothems comprising bioclastic (biomicritic) limestones, sandstones, mudstones, siltstones and rare coals. Limestones are the most widespread and consistent lithologies, and generally dark grey, sometimes bituminous, and almost black in colour. They show an overall upward change from massive, fine-grained wackestones with a notable algal component, to current-bedded crinoidal packstones and grainstones. Some limestones comprise a single bed, others are made up of two or three beds separated by thin mudstone or sandstone intervals. The clastic horizons are highly  variable, ranging from calcareous and silty mudstones with ironstone nodules, to silty flaggy sandstones and medium-grained sandstones. The latter are composed of subangular quartz grains, commonly with abundant rootlet traces and a strong siliceous cement. | The siliceous cemented sandstones (approaching 'ganister' type sandstones) are particularly resistant. | Worked locally in small quarries either as building stone, or for making lime for both agriculture and building. The limestone is typically used in a roughly dressed, squared fashion, as in Bamburgh, Humshaugh and limekilns at Seahouses. | Mainly crops out along an arcuate belt stretching from NE to south central Northumberland, extending from Ancroft and Holy Island, via Rennington, Chollerton and Newborough to Greenhead. Small outliers also crop out near the south border of the county, along the Rivers West Allen and East Allen (near Carr Shield and Allenheads respectively), and also south of Slaggyford. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2428 | Great Limestone | 2427 | Main Limestone | Typically up to 15m thick. The Great Limestone Member was formerly assigned as the basal unit of the Stainmore Formation. | GREY | Uniform | Greyish, brownish-grey, yellowish-brown, dark grey | GREAT LIMESTONE MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Medium grained | The Great Limestone typically occurs as thick beds (known to local quarrymen and miners as 'posts'), which vary from a few centimetres up to almost 2m thick. The uppermost 4.5m of the formation comprise well-marked 'posts' of limestone separated by dark grey shales, up to 0.6m thick. Shelly sandstone units also occur and are useful as correlative horizons. | Medium to dark blue-grey grey, slightly bituminous bioclastic limestones (packstones), in which small fragments of crinoids are usually abundant. Complete or fragmentary shells of brachiopods and bivalves are locally conspicuous, and in places solitary and colonial corals are common. The upper parts of the Member contain persistent mudstone interbeds. | Fairly durable, but subject to water worn features (in outcrop prominent lines of sink or shake holes clearly mark the top of the Member along many hillsides). | One of the thickest and most extensive limestones within the Carboniferous succession, the Great Limestone has been extensively quarried for building stone and aggregate along its outcrop. | Crops out in the upper part of the Alston Formation, in an arcuate belt stretching from NE to south central Northumberland, extending from Ancroft and Holy Island, via Rennington, Chollerton and Newborough to Greenhead. Small outliers also crop out near the south border of the county, along the Rivers West Allen and East Allen (near Carr Shield and Allenheads respectively), and also south of Slaggyford. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2429 | Low [NAME] | 2427 | [NAME] | The Alston Formation has a fairly constant thickness, about 300m. The limestones typically contain comminuted shell debris with scattered crinoid, bryozoa, foraminifera and algae; complete or broken brachiopod shells and corals are distributed randomly throughout the main limestone horizons and commonly concentrated into local accumulations. Fully marine faunas occur within the interbedded mudstones; carbonaceous and plant matter occur abundantly in the clastic sediments. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, [NAME], occasionally pale grey, whitish near base of Formation | LOW [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some of the limestones exhibit current-bedded structures. The sandstones are often ripple and/or cross-bedded with erosive bases. | The Alston Formation consists of a succession of regular, well-developed typical 'Yoredale-type' cyclothems comprising bioclastic (biomicritic) limestones, sandstones, mudstones, siltstones and rare coals. Limestones are the most widespread and consistent lithologies, and generally dark grey, sometimes bituminous, and almost black in colour. They show an overall upward change from massive, fine-grained wackestones with a notable algal component, to current-bedded crinoidal packstones and grainstones. Some limestones comprise a single bed, others are made up of two or three beds separated by thin mudstone or sandstone intervals. The clastic horizons are highly  variable, ranging from calcareous and silty mudstones with ironstone nodules, to silty flaggy sandstones and medium-grained sandstones. The latter are composed of subangular quartz grains, commonly with abundant rootlet traces and a strong siliceous cement. | The siliceous cemented sandstones (approaching 'ganister' type sandstones) are particularly resistant. | Worked locally in small quarries either as building stone, or for making lime for both agriculture and building. The limestone is typically used in a roughly dressed, squared fashion, as in Bamburgh, Humshaugh and limekilns at Seahouses. | ? | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2430 | Three Yard Limestone | 2427 | [NAME] | The Alston Formation has a fairly constant thickness, about 300m. The limestones typically contain comminuted shell debris with scattered crinoid, bryozoa, foraminifera and algae; complete or broken brachiopod shells and corals are distributed randomly throughout the main limestone horizons and commonly concentrated into local accumulations. Fully marine faunas occur within the interbedded mudstones; carbonaceous and plant matter occur abundantly in the clastic sediments. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, [NAME], occasionally pale grey, whitish near base of Formation | THREE YARD LIMESTONE MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some of the limestones exhibit current-bedded structures. The sandstones are often ripple and/or cross-bedded with erosive bases. | The Alston Formation consists of a succession of regular, well-developed typical 'Yoredale-type' cyclothems comprising bioclastic (biomicritic) limestones, sandstones, mudstones, siltstones and rare coals. Limestones are the most widespread and consistent lithologies, and generally dark grey, sometimes bituminous, and almost black in colour. They show an overall upward change from massive, fine-grained wackestones with a notable algal component, to current-bedded crinoidal packstones and grainstones. Some limestones comprise a single bed, others are made up of two or three beds separated by thin mudstone or sandstone intervals. The clastic horizons are highly  variable, ranging from calcareous and silty mudstones with ironstone nodules, to silty flaggy sandstones and medium-grained sandstones. The latter are composed of subangular quartz grains, commonly with abundant rootlet traces and a strong siliceous cement. | The siliceous cemented sandstones (approaching 'ganister' type sandstones) are particularly resistant. | Worked locally in small quarries either as building stone, or for making lime for both agriculture and building. The limestone is typically used in a roughly dressed, squared fashion, as in Bamburgh, Humshaugh and limekilns at Seahouses. | ? | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2431 | [NAME] | 2427 | [NAME] | The Alston Formation has a fairly constant thickness, about 300m. The limestones typically contain comminuted shell debris with scattered crinoid, bryozoa, foraminifera and algae; complete or broken brachiopod shells and corals are distributed randomly throughout the main limestone horizons and commonly concentrated into local accumulations. Fully marine faunas occur within the interbedded mudstones; carbonaceous and plant matter occur abundantly in the clastic sediments. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, [NAME], occasionally pale grey, whitish near base of Formation | [NAME] MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some of the limestones exhibit current-bedded structures. The sandstones are often ripple and/or cross-bedded with erosive bases. | The Alston Formation consists of a succession of regular, well-developed typical 'Yoredale-type' cyclothems comprising bioclastic (biomicritic) limestones, sandstones, mudstones, siltstones and rare coals. Limestones are the most widespread and consistent lithologies, and generally dark grey, sometimes bituminous, and almost black in colour. They show an overall upward change from massive, fine-grained wackestones with a notable algal component, to current-bedded crinoidal packstones and grainstones. Some limestones comprise a single bed, others are made up of two or three beds separated by thin mudstone or sandstone intervals. The clastic horizons are highly  variable, ranging from calcareous and silty mudstones with ironstone nodules, to silty flaggy sandstones and medium-grained sandstones. The latter are composed of subangular quartz grains, commonly with abundant rootlet traces and a strong siliceous cement. | The siliceous cemented sandstones (approaching 'ganister' type sandstones) are particularly resistant. | Worked locally in small quarries either as building stone, or for making lime for both agriculture and building. The limestone is typically used in a roughly dressed, squared fashion, as in Bamburgh, Humshaugh and limekilns at Seahouses. | ? | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2432 | Oxford Limestone | 2427 | [NAME] | The Alston Formation has a fairly constant thickness, about 300m. The limestones typically contain comminuted shell debris with scattered crinoid, bryozoa, foraminifera and algae; complete or broken brachiopod shells and corals are distributed randomly throughout the main limestone horizons and commonly concentrated into local accumulations. Fully marine faunas occur within the interbedded mudstones; carbonaceous and plant matter occur abundantly in the clastic sediments. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, [NAME], occasionally pale grey, whitish near base of Formation | OXFORD LIMESTONE MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Some of the limestones exhibit current-bedded structures. The sandstones are often ripple and/or cross-bedded with erosive bases. | The Alston Formation consists of a succession of regular, well-developed typical 'Yoredale-type' cyclothems comprising bioclastic (biomicritic) limestones, sandstones, mudstones, siltstones and rare coals. Limestones are the most widespread and consistent lithologies, and generally dark grey, sometimes bituminous, and almost black in colour. They show an overall upward change from massive, fine-grained wackestones with a notable algal component, to current-bedded crinoidal packstones and grainstones. Some limestones comprise a single bed, others are made up of two or three beds separated by thin mudstone or sandstone intervals. The clastic horizons are highly  variable, ranging from calcareous and silty mudstones with ironstone nodules, to silty flaggy sandstones and medium-grained sandstones. The latter are composed of subangular quartz grains, commonly with abundant rootlet traces and a strong siliceous cement. | The siliceous cemented sandstones (approaching 'ganister' type sandstones) are particularly resistant. | Worked locally in small quarries either as building stone, or for making lime for both agriculture and building. The limestone is typically used in a roughly dressed, squared fashion, as in Bamburgh, Humshaugh and limekilns at Seahouses. | ? | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2433 | [NAME] | 1 |  | ? |  |  |  | [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE |  | The sandstones are often ripple and/or cross-bedded with erosive bases. | The Alston Formation consists of a succession of regular, well-developed typical 'Yoredale-type' cyclothems comprising bioclastic (biomicritic) limestones, sandstones, mudstones, siltstones and rare coals. Limestones are the most widespread and consistent lithologies, and generally dark grey, sometimes bituminous, and almost black in colour. They show an overall upward change from massive, fine-grained wackestones with a notable algal component, to current-bedded crinoidal packstones and grainstones. Some limestones comprise a single bed, others are made up of two or three beds separated by thin mudstone or sandstone intervals. The clastic horizons are highly  variable, ranging from calcareous and silty mudstones with ironstone nodules, to silty flaggy sandstones and medium-grained sandstones. The latter are composed of subangular quartz grains, commonly with abundant rootlet traces and a strong siliceous cement. | The siliceous cemented sandstones (approaching 'ganister' type sandstones) are particularly resistant. | ? | Mainly crops out along an arcuate belt stretching from NE to south central Northumberland, extending from Ancroft and Holy Island, via Rennington, Chollerton and Newborough to Greenhead. Small outliers also crop out near the south border of the county, along the Rivers West Allen and East Allen (near Carr Shield and Allenheads respectively), and also south of Slaggyford. | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2434 | [NAME] | 1 |  | ? |  |  |  | [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE |  | The sandstones are often ripple and/or cross-bedded with erosive bases. | The Alston Formation consists of a succession of regular, well-developed typical 'Yoredale-type' cyclothems comprising bioclastic (biomicritic) limestones, sandstones, mudstones, siltstones and rare coals. Limestones are the most widespread and consistent lithologies, and generally dark grey, sometimes bituminous, and almost black in colour. They show an overall upward change from massive, fine-grained wackestones with a notable algal component, to current-bedded crinoidal packstones and grainstones. Some limestones comprise a single bed, others are made up of two or three beds separated by thin mudstone or sandstone intervals. The clastic horizons are highly  variable, ranging from calcareous and silty mudstones with ironstone nodules, to silty flaggy sandstones and medium-grained sandstones. The latter are composed of subangular quartz grains, commonly with abundant rootlet traces and a strong siliceous cement. | The siliceous cemented sandstones (approaching 'ganister' type sandstones) are particularly resistant. | ? | Mainly crops out along an arcuate belt stretching from NE to south central Northumberland, extending from Ancroft and Holy Island, via Rennington, Chollerton and Newborough to Greenhead. Small outliers also crop out near the south border of the county, along the Rivers West Allen and East Allen (near Carr Shield and Allenheads respectively), and also south of Slaggyford. | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975b; BGS, 2009; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2435 | [NAME] | 1 | Lower Limestone | Formation up to 850m thick. Limestones often contain abundant bryozoan and crinoid debris. Limestones from the Fell Sandstones are often algal - these are absent in the Tyne Limestone Formation. |  | Uniform | Greyish, brownish-grey, yellowish-brown, dark grey, [NAME] | [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Sandstones exhibit both large- and small-scale trough cross-stratification, sometimes with siltstone planar lamination. Some beds highly bioturbated or showing burrow-infill structures. Limestones locally burrowed, poorly laminated and sporadically bioturbated. | Varied lithologies showing lateral variation (although some individual beds can be traced over tens of km) but mainly comprising sandstones, siltstones, seatearths with thin limestones and locally, thin coals. Sandstones flaggy to massive, mainly fine-grained, less commonly medium-grained; coarse-grained pebbly sandstones are rare. Siltstones and mudstones often with locally abundant ironstone nodules, sometimes interlaminated with fine-grained sandstones producing striped beds. Limestones mainly biomicrites, impure, containing sandy and argillaceous matter and pass laterally into calcareous sandstones, siltstones and mudstones, locally with abundant bioclastic debris. | Sandstones durable, hard wearing. Limestones typically show ferruginous weathering. | Used locally as a building stone where it outcrops, such as Bellingham and Rochester. The sandstone facies provide an abundance of excellent building stones, and many small quarries have been opened in the 'freestone' facies. | The main outcrop area occurs in central and western Northumberland, occupying an area bounded by Rochester, Elsdon, Bellingham, [NAME] and Falstone, and including the Wark Forest, Kielder Forest and Kielder Reservoir areas in west Northumberland. The strata also crops out in a linear strip of NNW-SSE trending faulted blocks in NE Northumberland, centered on Scremerston, Doddington, west of Belford, [NAME] and [NAME]. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS 1979; BGS, 2009; Carruthers et al, 1932; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Gunn & Clough, 1895; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2436 | Tyne Sandstone | 2435 | [NAME] | Formation up to 850m thick. Limestones often contain abundant bryozoan and crinoid debris. Limestones from the Fell Sandstones are often algal - these are absent in the Tyne Limestone Formation. |  | Uniform | Greyish, brownish-grey, yellowish-brown, dark grey, [NAME] | [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Sandstones exhibit both large- and small-scale trough cross-stratification, sometimes with siltstone planar lamination. Some beds highly bioturbated or showing burrow-infill structures. Limestones locally burrowed, poorly laminated and sporadically bioturbated. | Varied lithologies showing lateral variation (although some individual beds can be traced over tens of km) but mainly comprising sandstones, siltstones, seatearths with thin limestones and locally, thin coals. Sandstones flaggy to massive, mainly fine-grained, less commonly medium-grained; coarse-grained pebbly sandstones are rare. Siltstones and mudstones often with locally abundant ironstone nodules, sometimes interlaminated with fine-grained sandstones producing striped beds. Limestones mainly biomicrites, impure, containing sandy and argillaceous matter and pass laterally into calcareous sandstones, siltstones and mudstones, locally with abundant bioclastic debris. | Sandstones durable, hard wearing. Limestones typically show ferruginous weathering. | Used locally as a building stone where it outcrops, such as Bellingham and Rochester. The sandstone facies provide an abundance of excellent building stones, and many small quarries have been opened in the 'freestone' facies. | The main outcrop area occurs in central and western Northumberland, occupying an area bounded by Rochester, Elsdon, Bellingham, [NAME] and Falstone, and including the Wark Forest, Kielder Forest and Kielder Reservoir areas in west Northumberland. The strata also crops out in a linear strip of NNW-SSE trending faulted blocks in NE Northumberland, centered on Scremerston, Doddington, west of Belford, [NAME] and [NAME]. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS 1979; BGS, 2009; Carruthers et al, 1932; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Gunn & Clough, 1895; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2437 | Blaxter Sandstone | 2436 | [NAME] | Total thickness not known. | BUFF | Uniform | Buffish, dark honey-yellow | [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Exhibits current and cross-bedding structures. | Pale yellow-buff, or money coloured, fine- to medium grained sandstone, which is non calcareous, but slightly micaceous. | Durable, hard-wearing sandstone which is not effected by acid rain or air pollution. It shows some susceptibility to salt damage in coastal locations. | Quarried since the 1890s from the Otterburn area (where current and old workings are present). Used within the county and outside (notably Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Edinburgh) for prestigeous buildings and restoration projects. | Quarried exclusively from Otterburn area, near Elsdon. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | The following sources were accessed on 27 Jan 2010: [NAME];  http://www.dunhouse.co.uk/product-page.aspx?id=2 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2438 | Scremerston Sandstone | 2436 |  | Formation up to 850m thick. Limestones often contain abundant bryozoan and crinoid debris. Limestones from the underlying Border Group strata are often algal - these are absent in the Tyne Limestone Formation. |  | Uniform | Greyish, brownish-grey, yellowish-brown, dark grey, [NAME] | SCREMERSTON COAL MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Sandstones exhibit both large- and small-scale trough cross-stratification, sometimes with siltstone planar lamination. Some beds highly bioturbated or showing burrow-infill structures. Limestones locally burrowed, poorly laminated and sporadically bioturbated. | Varied lithologies showing lateral variation (although some individual beds can be traced over tens of km) but mainly comprising sandstones, siltstones, seatearths with thin limestones and locally, thin coals. Sandstones flaggy to massive, mainly fine-grained, less commonly medium-grained; coarse-grained pebbly sandstones are rare. Siltstones and mudstones often with locally abundant ironstone nodules, sometimes interlaminated with fine-grained sandstones producing striped beds. Limestones mainly biomicrites, impure, containing sandy and argillaceous matter and pass laterally into calcareous sandstones, siltstones and mudstones, locally with abundant bioclastic debris. | Sandstones durable, hard wearing. Limestones typically show ferruginous weathering. | Used locally as a building stone where it outcrops, such as Bellingham and Rochester. The sandstone facies provide an abundance of excellent building stones, and many small quarries have been opened in the 'freestone' facies. | The main outcrop area occurs in central and western Northumberland, occupying an area bounded by Rochester, Elsdon, Bellingham, [NAME] and Falstone, and including the Wark Forest, Kielder Forest and Kielder Reservoir areas in west Northumberland. The strata also crops out in a linear strip of NNW-SSE trending faulted blocks in NE Northumberland, centered on Scremerston, Doddington, west of Belford, [NAME] and [NAME]. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS 1979; BGS, 2009; Carruthers et al, 1932; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Gunn & Clough, 1895; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2439 | [NAME] | 1 | Lower Limestone | Formation up to 850m thick. Limestones often contain abundant bryozoan and crinoid debris. Limestones from the Fell Sandstones are often algal - these are absent in the Tyne Limestone Formation. |  | Uniform | Greyish, brownish-grey, yellowish-brown, dark grey, [NAME] | [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | LIMESTONE | Fine grained | Sandstones exhibit both large- and small-scale trough cross-stratification, sometimes with siltstone planar lamination. Some beds highly bioturbated or showing burrow-infill structures. Limestones locally burrowed, poorly laminated and sporadically bioturbated. | Varied lithologies showing lateral variation (although some individual beds can be traced over tens of km) but mainly comprising sandstones, siltstones, seatearths with thin limestones and locally, thin coals. Sandstones flaggy to massive, mainly fine-grained, less commonly medium-grained; coarse-grained pebbly sandstones are rare. Siltstones and mudstones often with locally abundant ironstone nodules, sometimes interlaminated with fine-grained sandstones producing striped beds. Limestones mainly biomicrites, impure, containing sandy and argillaceous matter and pass laterally into calcareous sandstones, siltstones and mudstones, locally with abundant bioclastic debris. | Sandstones durable, hard wearing. Limestones typically show ferruginous weathering. | Used locally as a building stone where it outcrops, such as Bellingham and Rochester. The sandstone facies provide an abundance of excellent building stones, and many small quarries have been opened in the 'freestone' facies. | The main outcrop area occurs in central and western Northumberland, occupying an area bounded by Rochester, Elsdon, Bellingham, [NAME] and Falstone, and including the Wark Forest, Kielder Forest and Kielder Reservoir areas in west Northumberland. The strata also crops out in a linear strip of NNW-SSE trending faulted blocks in NE Northumberland, centered on Scremerston, Doddington, west of Belford, [NAME] and [NAME]. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS 1979; BGS, 2009; Carruthers et al, 1932; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Gunn & Clough, 1895; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2440 | [NAME] | 2439 | Tyne Sandstone | Formation up to 850m thick. Limestones often contain abundant bryozoan and crinoid debris. Limestones from the Fell Sandstones are often algal - these are absent in the Tyne Limestone Formation. |  | Uniform | Greyish, brownish-grey, yellowish-brown, dark grey, [NAME] | [NAME] | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Sandstones exhibit both large- and small-scale trough cross-stratification, sometimes with siltstone planar lamination. Some beds highly bioturbated or showing burrow-infill structures. Limestones locally burrowed, poorly laminated and sporadically bioturbated. | Varied lithologies showing lateral variation (although some individual beds can be traced over tens of km) but mainly comprising sandstones, siltstones, seatearths with thin limestones and locally, thin coals. Sandstones flaggy to massive, mainly fine-grained, less commonly medium-grained; coarse-grained pebbly sandstones are rare. Siltstones and mudstones often with locally abundant ironstone nodules, sometimes interlaminated with fine-grained sandstones producing striped beds. Limestones mainly biomicrites, impure, containing sandy and argillaceous matter and pass laterally into calcareous sandstones, siltstones and mudstones, locally with abundant bioclastic debris. | Sandstones durable, hard wearing. Limestones typically show ferruginous weathering. | Used locally as a building stone where it outcrops, such as Bellingham and Rochester. The sandstone facies provide an abundance of excellent building stones, and many small quarries have been opened in the 'freestone' facies. | The main outcrop area occurs in central and western Northumberland, occupying an area bounded by Rochester, Elsdon, Bellingham, [NAME] and Falstone, and including the Wark Forest, Kielder Forest and Kielder Reservoir areas in west Northumberland. The strata also crops out in a linear strip of NNW-SSE trending faulted blocks in NE Northumberland, centered on Scremerston, Doddington, west of Belford, [NAME] and [NAME]. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS 1979; BGS, 2009; Carruthers et al, 1932; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Gunn & Clough, 1895; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2441 | Scremerston Sandstone | 2440 |  | Formation up to 850m thick. Limestones often contain abundant bryozoan and crinoid debris. Limestones from the underlying Border Group strata are often algal - these are absent in the Tyne Limestone Formation. |  | Uniform | Greyish, brownish-grey, yellowish-brown, dark grey, [NAME] | SCREMERSTON COAL MEMBER | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Sandstones exhibit both large- and small-scale trough cross-stratification, sometimes with siltstone planar lamination. Some beds highly bioturbated or showing burrow-infill structures. Limestones locally burrowed, poorly laminated and sporadically bioturbated. | Varied lithologies showing lateral variation (although some individual beds can be traced over tens of km) but mainly comprising sandstones, siltstones, seatearths with thin limestones and locally, thin coals. Sandstones flaggy to massive, mainly fine-grained, less commonly medium-grained; coarse-grained pebbly sandstones are rare. Siltstones and mudstones often with locally abundant ironstone nodules, sometimes interlaminated with fine-grained sandstones producing striped beds. Limestones mainly biomicrites, impure, containing sandy and argillaceous matter and pass laterally into calcareous sandstones, siltstones and mudstones, locally with abundant bioclastic debris. | Sandstones durable, hard wearing. Limestones typically show ferruginous weathering. | Used locally as a building stone where it outcrops, such as Bellingham and Rochester. The sandstone facies provide an abundance of excellent building stones, and many small quarries have been opened in the 'freestone' facies. | The main outcrop area occurs in central and western Northumberland, occupying an area bounded by Rochester, Elsdon, Bellingham, [NAME] and Falstone, and including the Wark Forest, Kielder Forest and Kielder Reservoir areas in west Northumberland. The strata also crops out in a linear strip of NNW-SSE trending faulted blocks in NE Northumberland, centered on Scremerston, Doddington, west of Belford, [NAME] and [NAME]. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS 1979; BGS, 2009; Carruthers et al, 1932; Frost & Holliday, 1980; Gunn, 1897; [NAME], 1900; Gunn & Clough, 1895; Stone et al, 2010; Young & Lawrence, 2002 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2442 | Border Group Sandstone | 1 |  | Very thick, approximately 1500m. Algal limestones contain a fauna of bivalves, brachiopods (often abundant) and corals (rare). A thick sandstone facies - the Fell Sandstone Formation - attains its maximum thickness near Harbottle, elsewhere the proportion of sandstone to mudstone varies considerably. |  | Uniform | Greyish, yellow-grey, sometimes pinkish | BORDER GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Sandstones cross-bedded. | Cyclical sequences of sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and distinctive thin algal limestones, with localised dolomitic cementstones; seatearths and thin coals locally developed. Sandstones variable, often pale coloured (including pinkish lithologies), medium- to thick-bedded, mainly fine grained but medium to coarse grained, locally conglomeratic facies also occur. | Sandstones tough, resistant. | Used locally as a building stone where it crops out. Used especially for bridge building and other strong ashlar work, e.g. railway bridges from Alswick to Cornhill. The sandstone facies provide an abundance of excellent building stones in both 'freestone' and 'gritty' facies. Even thin-bedded and close jointed sandstones yield small blocks suitable for sheepfolds and drystone walls. | Crops out in a discontinuous band from west to northeast Northumberland, extending from west Walk Forest and Kielder, close to the border with Scotland, and then along the southern flanks of the Cheviot Hills, then continuing in a N-S trending belt as faulted blocks from Rothbury via Eglingham, Doddington and Ford to Tweedmouth. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS 1979; BGS, 2009; Carruthers et al, 1932; [NAME], 1897; [NAME], 1900; Gunn & Clough, 1895; [NAME], 1887; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2443 | Fell Sandstone | 2442 |  | A thick sandstone facies - the Fell Sandstone Formation - attains its maximum thickness near Harbottle, elsewhere the proportion of sandstone to mudstone varies considerably. |  | Uniform | Greyish, yellow-grey, sometimes pinkish | FELL SANDSTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Sandstones cross-bedded. | Cyclical sequences of sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and distinctive thin algal limestones, with localised dolomitic cementstones; seatearths and thin coals locally developed. Sandstones variable, often pale coloured (including pinkish lithologies), medium- to thick-bedded, mainly fine grained but medium to coarse grained, locally conglomeratic facies also occur. | Sandstones tough, resistant. | Used locally as a building stone where it crops out. Used especially for bridge building and other strong ashlar work, e.g. railway bridges from Alswick to Cornhill. The sandstone facies provide an abundance of excellent building stones in both 'freestone' and 'gritty' facies. Even thin-bedded and close jointed sandstones yield small blocks suitable for sheepfolds and drystone walls. | Crops out in a discontinuous band from west to northeast Northumberland, extending from west Walk Forest and Kielder, close to the border with Scotland, and then along the southern flanks of the Cheviot Hills, then continuing in a N-S trending belt as faulted blocks from Rothbury via Eglingham, Doddington and Ford to Tweedmouth. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS 1979; BGS, 2009; Carruthers et al, 1932; [NAME], 1897; [NAME], 1900; Gunn & Clough, 1895; [NAME], 1887; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2444 | Border Group Sandstone | 1 |  | Very thick, approximately 1500m. Algal limestones contain a fauna of bivalves, brachiopods (often abundant) and corals (rare). A thick sandstone facies - the Fell Sandstone Formation - attains its maximum thickness near Harbottle, elsewhere the proportion of sandstone to mudstone varies considerably. |  | Uniform | Greyish, yellow-grey, sometimes pinkish | BORDER GROUP | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Sandstones cross-bedded. | Cyclical sequences of sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and distinctive thin algal limestones, with localised dolomitic cementstones; seatearths and thin coals locally developed. Sandstones variable, often pale coloured (including pinkish lithologies), medium- to thick-bedded, mainly fine grained but medium to coarse grained, locally conglomeratic facies also occur. | Sandstones tough, resistant. | Used locally as a building stone where it crops out. Used especially for bridge building and other strong ashlar work, e.g. railway bridges from Alswick to Cornhill. The sandstone facies provide an abundance of excellent building stones in both 'freestone' and 'gritty' facies. Even thin-bedded and close jointed sandstones yield small blocks suitable for sheepfolds and drystone walls. | Crops out in a discontinuous band from west to northeast Northumberland, extending from west Walk Forest and Kielder, close to the border with Scotland, and then along the southern flanks of the Cheviot Hills, then continuing in a N-S trending belt as faulted blocks from Rothbury via Eglingham, Doddington and Ford to Tweedmouth. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS 1979; BGS, 2009; Carruthers et al, 1932; [NAME], 1897; [NAME], 1900; Gunn & Clough, 1895; [NAME], 1887; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2445 | Fell Sandstone | 2444 |  | A thick sandstone facies - the Fell Sandstone Formation - attains its maximum thickness near Harbottle, elsewhere the proportion of sandstone to mudstone varies considerably. |  | Uniform | Greyish, yellow-grey, sometimes pinkish | FELL SANDSTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Sandstones cross-bedded. | Cyclical sequences of sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and distinctive thin algal limestones, with localised dolomitic cementstones; seatearths and thin coals locally developed. Sandstones variable, often pale coloured (including pinkish lithologies), medium- to thick-bedded, mainly fine grained but medium to coarse grained, locally conglomeratic facies also occur. | Sandstones tough, resistant. | Used locally as a building stone where it crops out. Used especially for bridge building and other strong ashlar work, e.g. railway bridges from Alswick to Cornhill. The sandstone facies provide an abundance of excellent building stones in both 'freestone' and 'gritty' facies. Even thin-bedded and close jointed sandstones yield small blocks suitable for sheepfolds and drystone walls. | Crops out in a discontinuous band from west to northeast Northumberland, extending from west Walk Forest and Kielder, close to the border with Scotland, and then along the southern flanks of the Cheviot Hills, then continuing in a N-S trending belt as faulted blocks from Rothbury via Eglingham, Doddington and Ford to Tweedmouth. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS 1969; BGS, 1970; BGS 1979; BGS, 2009; Carruthers et al, 1932; [NAME], 1897; [NAME], 1900; Gunn & Clough, 1895; [NAME], 1887; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2446 | Harbottle Grit | 2445 | Fell Sandstone | A thick sandstone facies - the Fell Sandstone Formation - attains its maximum thickness near Harbottle, elsewhere the proportion of sandstone to mudstone varies considerably. |  | Uniform | Greyish, yellow-grey, sometimes pinkish | FELL SANDSTONE FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Sandstones cross-bedded. | Cyclical sequences of sandstones, siltstones, mudstones and distinctive thin algal limestones, with localised dolomitic cementstones; seatearths and thin coals locally developed. Sandstones variable, often pale coloured (including pinkish lithologies), medium- to thick-bedded, mainly fine grained but medium to coarse grained, locally conglomeratic facies also occur. | Sandstones tough, resistant. | Used locally as a building stone e.g. for Harbottle Castle. | Crops out and formerly quarried from the Harbottle Hills, on the eastern edge of Northumberland National Park, west of Rothbury. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1969; [NAME], 1887 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2447 | Ballagan Sandstone | 1 | Ballagan Formation Sandstone | Up to 430m thick. Where present, the restricted fossil fauna is characterised by the bivalve Modiolus latus, but ostracods are more abundant. | GREY | Uniform | Dark greyish, yellowish grey | BALLAGAN FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Gypsum and (to a much lesser extent) anhydrite pseudomorphs after halite occur. Dessication cracks are common, and the rocks commonly show evidence of brecciation during diagenesis. Both these features are associated with reddening of the strata. | Sequence of interbedded grey sandstones with grey mudstones and siltstones, with nodules and beds of argillaceous dolostones  (cementstones). The beds are generally less than 0.3m thick, but some localised sandstones are much thicker. | Sandstones fairly hard, tough. | Used locally as a building stone where it outcrops. The thicker sandstones provide excellent building stones in both 'freestone' and 'gritty' facies. Even thin-bedded and close jointed sandstones yield small blocks suitable for sheepfolds and drystone walls. | Crops out on the southern flanks of the Cheviot Hills (near the Scottish border), with a wide outcrop centered mainly around Netherton-Rothbury-Whittingham-Eldingham and [NAME], before extending northwards in a belt on the east side of the Cheviot Hills including Akeld, Millfield and Crookham. the strata then run along the northern of Northumberland with Scotland, stretching from Cornhill-on-Tweed via Norham to Berwick-upon-Tweed. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975a; BGS, 1979; Carruthers et al, 1932; [NAME], 1897; [NAME], 1900; Gunn & Clough, 1895; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2448 | Ballagan Sandstone | 1 | Ballagan Formation Sandstone | Up to 430m thick. Where present, the restricted fossil fauna is characterised by the bivalve Modiolus latus, but ostracods are more abundant. | GREY | Uniform | Dark greyish, yellowish grey | BALLAGAN FORMATION | CARBONIFEROUS | SANDSTONE | Fine grained | Gypsum and (to a much lesser extent) anhydrite pseudomorphs after halite occur. Dessication cracks are common, and the rocks commonly show evidence of brecciation during diagenesis. Both these features are associated with reddening of the strata. | Sequence of interbedded grey sandstones with grey mudstones and siltstones, with nodules and beds of argillaceous dolostones  (cementstones). The beds are generally less than 0.3m thick, but some localised sandstones are much thicker. | Sandstones fairly hard, tough. | Used locally as a building stone where it outcrops. The thicker sandstones provide excellent building stones in both 'freestone' and 'gritty' facies. Even thin-bedded and close jointed sandstones yield small blocks suitable for sheepfolds and drystone walls. | Crops out on the southern flanks of the Cheviot Hills (near the Scottish border), with a wide outcrop centered mainly around Netherton-Rothbury-Whittingham-Eldingham and [NAME], before extending northwards in a belt on the east side of the Cheviot Hills including Akeld, Millfield and Crookham. the strata then run along the northern of Northumberland with Scotland, stretching from Cornhill-on-Tweed via Norham to Berwick-upon-Tweed. | 2012-02-24 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS, 1966; BGS, 1970; BGS, 1975a; BGS, 1979; Carruthers et al, 1932; [NAME], 1897; [NAME], 1900; Gunn & Clough, 1895; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2449 | [NAME] | 1 |  | The Cheviot Pluton has an outcrop of about 60 sq km, and at a depth of 4km, a diameter of nearly 20km. It comprises outer zones of grey quartz monzonite or monzogranite, with an inner (main) zone of granophyric granite. The pluton intruded the Cheviot Volcanic Formation, thermally metamorphosing the volcanic rocks for up to 2km from the contact. | PINK | Mottled | Pinkish-grey, Reddish-grey | CHEVIOT PLUTON | DEVONIAN | GRANITE | Coarse grained | Red and orange 'felsite' dykes and stringers are very common within the granite. | Coarse-grained granite, consisting of reddish-grey and red orthoclase (occasionally plagioclase) crystals with black and yellow mica and interstitial quartz, unusually also containing clinopyroxene (augite). | Very tough, hard and resistant. | Used very locally as a general walling stone, eg. farm hamlets in the eastern [NAME] (near Ingram) such as Hartside, Greensidehill. | Occurs within the central portion of the Cheviot Hills, close to the Scottish border, but the granite outcrop lies wholly within England. | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS 1975a; Carruthers et al, 1932; Gunn & Clough, 1895; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2450 | [NAME] | 1 | [NAME] | The upper parts of some lava sheets contain enclaves and fissure-fills of green fine-grained sandstone and siltstone. The more readily weathered tops of some of these lava flows have been eroded in some areas to form a prominent bench and scarp landscape. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish, dark slaty blue | CHEVIOT VOLCANIC FORMATION | DEVONIAN | LAVA | Fine grained | The lava sheets are massive to amygdaloidal and scoriaceous; near horizontal platy jointing is characteristic of many. | Stacked lava sheets (trachyandesite and subordinate trachytes) that contain phenocrysts of plagioclase, hypersthene, augite, ilmenite and apatite. There are also a few sheets of biotite-feldspar-phyric trachyte ('micro-felsites'), and near the base of the succession, one or more sheets of rhyolite. In the SW area of the outcrop, the basal unit comprises up to 60m of breccia composed of rubbly (sub)angular clasts of silicic volcanic rock with mudstone fragments. | Generally fairly tough, hard and resistant. | Used very locally as a general walling stone, eg. farm hamlets in the eastern [NAME] (near Ingram) such as Hartside, Greensidehill. | Occurs around the main [NAME] pluton across the Scottish Border. Within England the main outcrop areas stretch from Netherton (on the southern edge of the Cheviot Hills) to Wooler, Akeld, Kirknewton, Kilham and Flodden (to the north of the Cheviot Granite). | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS 1975a; BGS, 1979; Carruthers et al, 1932; Gunn & Clough, 1895; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2451 | [NAME] | 1 | [NAME] | The upper parts of some lava sheets contain enclaves and fissure-fills of green fine-grained sandstone and siltstone. The more readily weathered tops of some of these lava flows have been eroded in some areas to form a prominent bench and scarp landscape. | GREY | Uniform | Grey, dark grey, dark greenish, dark slaty blue | CHEVIOT VOLCANIC FORMATION | DEVONIAN | LAVA | Fine grained | The lava sheets are massive to amygdaloidal and scoriaceous; near horizontal platy jointing is characteristic of many. | Stacked lava sheets (trachyandesite and subordinate trachytes) that contain phenocrysts of plagioclase, hypersthene, augite, ilmenite and apatite. There are also a few sheets of biotite-feldspar-phyric trachyte ('micro-felsites'), and near the base of the succession, one or more sheets of rhyolite. In the SW area of the outcrop, the basal unit comprises up to 60m of breccia composed of rubbly (sub)angular clasts of silicic volcanic rock with mudstone fragments. | Generally fairly tough, hard and resistant. | Used very locally as a general walling stone, eg. farm hamlets in the eastern [NAME] (near Ingram) such as Hartside, Greensidehill. | Occurs around the main [NAME] pluton across the Scottish Border. Within England the main outcrop areas stretch from Netherton (on the southern edge of the Cheviot Hills) to Wooler, Akeld, Kirknewton, Kilham and Flodden (to the north of the Cheviot Granite). | 2010-01-27 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | BGS 1975a; BGS, 1979; Carruthers et al, 1932; Gunn & Clough, 1895; Stone et al, 2010 | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2452 | Blue Slates | 1 | Slate | Blue slate | BLUE | Uniform |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | SLATE |  |  |  |  | Roofing | Northumberland usage | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | Northumberland building spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2453 | Green Slates | 1 | Slate | Green slate | GREEN | Uniform |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | SLATE |  |  |  |  | Roofing | Northumberland usage | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | Northumberland building spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2454 | Grey Slates | 1 | Slate | Grey slate | GREY | Uniform |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | SLATE |  |  |  |  | Roofing | Northumberland usage | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | Northumberland building spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2455 | Lakeland Slate | 1 | Slate | Slate |  | Uniform |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | SLATE |  |  |  |  | Roofing | Northumberland usage | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | Northumberland building spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2456 | Purple Slates | 1 | Slate | Purple slate | PURPLE | Uniform |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | SLATE |  |  |  |  | Roofing | Northumberland usage | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | Northumberland building spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2457 | Scottish Slates | 1 | Slate | Slate |  | Uniform |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | SLATE |  |  |  |  | Roofing | Northumberland usage | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | Northumberland building spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2458 | Stone flags (Unknown) | 1 |  | Fissile Sedimentary Rock |  | Uniform |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | FISSILE SEDIMENTARY ROCK |  |  |  |  | Roofing | Northumberland usage | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | Northumberland building spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2459 | Stone slates | 1 |  | Fissile Sedimentary Rock |  | Uniform |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | FISSILE SEDIMENTARY ROCK |  |  |  |  | Roofing | Northumberland usage | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland County Council | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | Northumberland building spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2460 | [NAME] | 1 | Slate | Slate |  | Uniform |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | SLATE |  |  |  |  | Roofing | Northumberland National Park usage | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | Northumberland building spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:21:00
2461 | Stone flags (Unknown) | 1 |  | Fissile Sedimentary Rock |  | Uniform |  | PARENT DATA NOT YET ENTERED [HIERARCHY CODE] |  | FISSILE SEDIMENTARY ROCK |  |  |  |  | Roofing | Northumberland National Park usage | 2012-03-08 00:00:00 | [NAME] | Northumberland National Park Authority | Northhumberland English Heritage Atlas Area | Northumberland building spreadsheet | 2012-05-16 10:21:00