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Supplementary Table 1.  Studies in the literatire addressing topologies in Figure 1 | Unnamed: 1 | Unnamed: 2 | Unnamed: 3
Authors | Year | [NAME] addressed | Reference
Field et al. | 1989 | F | [NAME], Olsen GJ, [NAME], Giovannoni SJ, [NAME], et [NAME]. (1988) Molecular Phylogeny of the Animal Kingdom. Science 239: 748-753.
[NAME] | 1994 | A | [NAME] (1994) Late Precambrian bilaterians: grades and clades.  Proc. Natl. Acad. [NAME]. [NAME].
[NAME] et al. | 1995 | A | Davidson EH, [NAME], [NAME] (1995) Origin of bilaterian body plans: evolution of developmental regulatory mechanisms. Science 270: 1319-1325.
[NAME] | 1997 | A | [NAME] (1997) Cleavage patterns and the topology of the metazoan tree of life. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94: 8001-8005.
[NAME] | 1998 | C | Collins AG (1998) Evaluating multiple alternative hypotheses for the origin of Bilateria: an analysis of 18S rRNA molecular evidence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95: 15458-15463.
Knoll and Carrol | 1999 | A | Knoll AH, Carroll SB (1999) Early animal evolution: emerging views from comparative biology and geology. Science 284: 2129-2137.
Dewel | 2000 | A | [NAME] (2000) Colonial origin for Emetazoa: major morphological transitions and the origin of bilaterian complexity. [NAME]: 35-74.
[NAME]. | 2000 | A | [NAME], Oliveri P, [NAME], [NAME], [NAME], Hagadorn JW, [NAME], Davidson EH (2000)  Precambrian animal diversity: Putative phosphatized embryos from the [NAME] formation of China. Proc. Natl. Acad. [NAME]. USA 97(9):4457–4462.
Adoute et al. | 2000 | C | [NAME],  [NAME],  Lartillot,  [NAME],  Prud’homme, (1998) The new animal phylogeny: Reliability and implications. Proc. Natl. Acad. [NAME]. [NAME].
[NAME] and [NAME] | 2000 | D | [NAME], Davidson EH (2000) Regulatory evolution and the origin of the bilaterians. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97: 4430-4433.
[NAME] et [NAME]. | 2000 | A | [NAME], [NAME], Davidson EH (2000) Bilaterian origins: significance of new experimental observations. [NAME] 219: 1-17.
[NAME] and [NAME] | 2001 | C | Collins AG, [NAME] (2001) Defining phyla: evolutionary pathways to metazoan body plans. [NAME]: 432-442.
Ferrier and Holland | 2001 | A | Ferrier DE, Holland PW (2001) Ancient origin of the Hox gene cluster. [NAME] 2: 33-38.
Groger and Schmid | 2001 | A | Groger H, Schmid V (2001) Larval development in Cnidaria: a connection to Bilateria? Genesis 29: 110-114.
Medina et al. | 2001 | A | Medina M, Collins AG, [NAME], [NAME] (2001) Evaluating hypotheses of basal animal phylogeny using complete sequences of large and small subunit rRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98: 9707-9712.
[NAME] and Ernisse | 2001 | D | [NAME], [NAME] (2001) Animal phylogeny and the ancestry of bilaterians: inferences from morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequences. [NAME]: 170-205.
[NAME] and [NAME] | 2002 | A | Erwin DH, Davidson EH (2002) The last common bilaterian ancestor. Development 129: 3021-3032.
Extavour and Akam | 2003 | A | Extavour CG, Akam M (2003) Mechanisms of germ cell specification across the metazoans: epigenesis and preformation. Development 130: 5869-5884.
[NAME] | 2003 | A | [NAME] (2003) The origins of axial patterning in the metazoa: how old is bilateral symmetry? [NAME] 47: 523-529.
[NAME]. | 2003 | A | [NAME], Paulson D, [NAME], Pang K, Martindale MQ (2003) Early evolution of a homeobox gene: the parahox gene [NAME] in the Cnidaria and the Bilateria. [NAME]: 331-345.
[NAME]. | 2003 | A | Rokas A, King N, [NAME] Carroll SB (2003) Conflicting phylogenetic signals at the base of the metazoan tree. [NAME]: 346-359.
[NAME] | 2004 | A | [NAME], Paulson D, [NAME], Pang K, Martindale MQ (2003) Early evolution of a homeobox gene: The ParaHox gene [NAME] in the Cnidaria and the Bilateria. [NAME]. 5(4): 331-345.
Baguna and Riutort | 2004 | B | Baguna J, Riutort M (2004) The dawn of bilaterian animals: the case of acoelomorph flatworms. Bioessays 26: 1046-1057.
[NAME]. | 2004 | A | [NAME], Jimenez E, Akam M, Salo E (2004) The Hox gene complement of acoel flatworms, a basal bilaterian clade. [NAME]: 154-163.
Holland | 2004 | A | Holland P (2004) Developmental biology. The ups and downs of a sea anemone. Science 304: 1255-1256.
Hedges et al. | 2004 | A | Hedges SB, [NAME], Venturi ML, Shoe JL (2004) A molecular timescale of eukaryote evolution and the rise of complex multicellular life.  BMC Evolutionary Biology 4:2.
[NAME] | 2004 | A | Malakhov VV (2004) [Origin of bilateral-symmetrical animals (Bilateria)]. [NAME] 65: 371-388.
[NAME] et [NAME]. | 2004 | f but root Sponge | [NAME], Thollesson M, Farris JS, [NAME] (2004) The phylogenetic position of the comb jellies ([NAME]) and the importance of taxonomic sampling. Cladistics 20: 558-578.
[NAME]. | 2005 | A | [NAME], [NAME], Hobmayer B (2005) A Clue to the Origin of the Bilateria?  Science 307(5708):353-355.
Lavrov et al. | 2005 | F* no plAc | [NAME], Forget L, [NAME], Lang BF (2005) Mitochondrial genomes of two demosponges provide insights into an early stage of animal evolution. [NAME] 22: 1231-1239.
Lavrov and Lang | 2005 | A | [NAME], Lang BF (2005) Poriferan mtDNA and animal phylogeny based on mitochondrial gene arrangements. Syst Biol 54: 651-659.
[NAME] et al. | 2005 | A | Sanetra M, Begemann G, [NAME], Meyer A (2005) Conservation and co-option in developmental programmes: the importance of homology relationships. [NAME]: 15.
Technau et al. | 2005 | A | Technau U, Rudd S, Maxwell P, [NAME], [NAME], et [NAME]. (2005) Maintenance of ancestral complexity and non-metazoan genes in two basal cnidarians. Trends Genet 21: 633-639.
[NAME] and Martin | 2006 | A | [NAME], [NAME] (2006) Eukaryotic evolution, changes and challenges. Nature 440: 623-630.
Matus et al. | 2006 | A | Matus DQ, Pang K, Marlow H, [NAME], [NAME], et [NAME]. (2006) Molecular evidence for deep evolutionary roots of bilaterality in animal development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103: 11195-11200.
Telford | 2006 | B | Telford MJ (2002)  Animal phylogeny.  Current Biology 16(23):R981-985
[NAME]. | 2007 | A | Baurain D, Brinkmann H, [NAME] (2007) Lack of resolution in the animal phylogeny: closely spaced cladogeneses or undetected systematic errors? [NAME] 24: 6-9.
Erpenbeck et al. | 2007 | f | Erpenbeck D, [NAME], [NAME], Adamska M, Hooper JN, et [NAME]. (2007) Mitochondrial diversity of early-branching metazoa is revealed by the complete mt genome of a haplosclerid demosponge. [NAME] 24: 19-22.
Extavour | 2007 | A | Extavour CGM (2007) Evolution of the bilaterian germ line: lineage origin and modulation of specification mechanisms. Integrative and Comparative Biology 47: 770-785.
[NAME] et al. | 2007 | c | Gerlach D, [NAME], [NAME] T, Muller T, Pokorny A, et [NAME]. (2007) Deep metazoan phylogeny. In [NAME] 7: 151-154.
[NAME]. | 2007 | A | [NAME], Nakanishi N, [NAME], [NAME], Nichols SA, et [NAME]. (2007) Evolution of sensory structures in basal metazoa. Integrative and Comparative Biology 47: 712-723.
[NAME] | 2007 | A | [NAME] O (2007) Nerve ring of the hypostome in hydra: is it an origin of the central nervous system of bilaterian animals? Brain [NAME] 69: 151-159.
Lartillot et al. | 2007 | A | Lartillot N, Brinkmann H, [NAME] (2007) Suppression of long-branch attraction artefacts in the animal phylogeny using a site-heterogeneous model. BMC Evol Biol 7 Suppl 1: S4.
Ogishima and [NAME] | 2007 | A | Ogishima S, [NAME] (2007) Missing link in the evolution of [NAME] clusters. Gene 387: 21-30.
[NAME] and [NAME] | 2007 | A | [NAME], [NAME] (2007) Poriferan ANTP genes: primitively simple or secondarily reduced? [NAME] 9: 405-408.
[NAME]. | 2007 | A | Plachetzki DC, [NAME], [NAME] (2007) The origins of novel protein interactions during animal opsin evolution. [NAME] ONE 2: e1054.
[NAME] and [NAME] | 2007 | A | [NAME], Baxevanis AD (2007) [NAME], [NAME], and the evolution of the primary body axis: insights from the early-divergent phyla. Biol Direct 2: 37.
[NAME]. | 2007 | f | [NAME], [NAME], [NAME] (2007) Comparative genomics of large mitochondria in placozoans. [NAME] Genet 3: e13.
[NAME] website | 2008 | A | http://tolweb.org/Animals/2374
[NAME]. | 2008 | E | [NAME], Hejnol A, Matus DQ, Pang K, Browne WE, et [NAME]. (2008) Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life. Nature 452: 745-749.
Nielsen | 2008 | d | Nielsen C (2008) Six major steps in animal evolution: are we derived sponge larvae? Evolution & Development 10: 241-257.
Ruiz-Trillo et al. | 2008 | c | Ruiz-Trillo I, [NAME], Burger G, Gray MW, Lang BF (2008) A phylogenomic investigation into the origin of metazoa. Molecular Biology and Evolution 25: 664-672.
Srivastava et al. | 2008 | b | [NAME], Begovic E, [NAME], Putnam NH, [NAME], et [NAME]. (2008) The Trichoplax genome and the nature of placozoans. Nature 454: 955-960.