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Sheet: Sheet1

Table S4: Descriptive characteristics of genome-wide association study cohorts (Stage 1) and follow-up study cohorts (Stage 2) | Unnamed: 1 | Unnamed: 2 | Unnamed: 3 | Unnamed: 4 | Unnamed: 5 | Unnamed: 6 | Unnamed: 7 | Unnamed: 8 | Unnamed: 9 | Unnamed: 10
Study | Gender | Means (standard deviation)
 |  | waist circumference (cm) | waist-hip-ratio | Age (y) | BMI (kg/m²) | Weight (kg) | Height (m) | % total fat BIA | % total fat DXA | % central fat DXA
Stage 1: Genome-wide association studies
British 1958 [NAME] discovery samples | Men | 98.9 (10.9) | 0.93 (0.06) | 44.9 (0.3) | 27.9 (4.3) | 86.7 (14.7) | 1.76 (0.07)
 | Women | 85.5 (12.3) | 0.81 (0.06) | 44.9 (0.3) | 26.9 (6.3) | 70.8 (14.4) | 1.62 (0.06)
Cohorte Lausannoise (CoLaus) Study | Men | 95.9 (11.2) | 0.93 (0.06) | 52.9 (10.8) | 26.6 (4.2) | 81.5 (13.4) | 1.75 (0.07) | 0.239 (0.060)
 | Women | 83.5 (12.5) | 0.83 (0.07) | 53.9 (10.7) | 25.2 (4.9) | 66.4 (13.0) | 1.63 (0.07) | 0.346 (0.085)
deCODE genetics discovery samples | Men | 102.1 (13.8) | 0.96 (0.09) | 63.8 (16.3) | 28.46 (4.7) | 90.20 (16.96) | 1.78 (0.07) | 0.288 (0.081) | 0.264 (0.060)
 | Women | 96.6 (15.9) | 0.89 (0.09) | 58.4 (18.7) | 28.99 (6.3) | 79.46 (18.61) | 1.65 (0.06) | 0.403  (0.078) | 0.385 (0.069)
Diabetes [NAME] (DGI) Cases | Men | 100.7 (10.7) | 0.99 (0.06) | 63.1 (3.9) | 28.1 (3.8) | 85.6 (13.3) | 1.74 (0.06)
 | Women | 92.8 (11.2) | 0.89 (0.07) | 65.3 (10.0) | 28.6 (4.8) | 74.4 (13.3) | 1.61 (0.06)
Diabetes [NAME] (DGI) Controls | Men | 95.8 (9.3) | 0.96 (0.08) | 58.1 (9.7) | 26.8 (3.2) | 82.9 (11.5) | 1.75 (0.06)
 | Women | 84.6 (10.1) | 0.83 (0.06) | 58.4 (9.3) | 26.8 (4.1) | 71.1 (11.8) | 1.62 (0.06)
European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk) Obesity Study | Men | 95.8 (9.4) | 0.93 (0.06) | 59.8 (9.0) | 26.6 (3.2) | 80.4 (11.1) | 1.74 (0.07)
 | Women | 81.9 (10.8) | 0.79 (0.06) | 58.8 (9.0) | 26.2 (4.4) | 68.0 (11.6) | 1.61 (0.06)
Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM (FUSION) Genetics Cases | Men | 104.3 (10.8) | 0.99 (0.07) | 62.1 (7.4) | 29.4 (4.0) | 88.4 (13.6) | 1.73 (0.06)
 | Women | 98.9 (12.8) | 0.90 (0.07) | 63.9 (8.0) | 31.2 (5.3) | 79.5 (14.7) | 1.60 (0.06)
Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM (FUSION) Genetics Controls | Men | 96.5 (10.2) | 0.96 (0.06) | 60.4 (11.5) | 27.0 (3.5) | 81.8 (12.2) | 1.74  (0.07)
 | Women | 86.0 (10.9) | 0.84 (0.06) | 61.5 (10.8) | 27.1 (4.3) | 70.0 (11.7) | 1.61 (0.06)
Invecchiare in Chianti/aging in the Chianti area (InCHIANTI) | Men | 94.5 (9.4) | 0.95 (0.06) | 67.0 (15.4) | 27.0 (3.4) | 75.6 (12.1) | 1.67 (0.08)
 | Women | 88.7 (11.9) | 0.87 (0.07) | 68.6 (15.4) | 27.3 (4.7) | 64.8 (11.5) | 1.54 (0.07)
KOoperative gesundheitsforschung in der Region Augsburg (KORA), Survey 3 | Men | 97.1 (9.7) | 0.93 (0.06) | 53.0 (10.1) | 27.7 (3.4) | 83.6 (11.5) | 1.74 (0.07)
 | Women | 83.7 (11.0) | 0.80 (0.06) | 52.1 (10.1) | 27.0 (4.6) | 69.9 (11.9) | 1.61 (0.06)
Northern Finnish Birth Cohort (NFBC) 1966 | Men | 88.8 (9.8) | 0.91 (0.06) | 31 (0.0) | 25.2 (3.6) | 80.2 (12.7) | 1.78 (0.06)
 | Women | 78.8 (11.9) | 0.81 (0.08) | 31 (0.0) | 24.2 (4.7) | 65.5 (13.2) | 1.65 (0.06)
Nurses Health Study | Men
 | Women | 79.2 (10.6) | 0.78 (0.10) | 54.8 (6.3) | 24.7 (4.3) | 66.5 (11.9) | 1.64 (0.06)
SardiNIA Study of Aging | Men | 90.1 (11.4) | 0.92 (0.07) | 44.1 (18.1) | 26.1 (4.1) | 72.3 (11.7) | 1.66 (0.07)
 | Women | 80.7 (13.0) | 0.82 (0.09) | 43.2 (17.3) | 24.7 (5.0) | 59.2 (11.4) | 1.55 (0.06)
Twins UK discovery samples | Men
 | Women | 78.6 (10.5) | 0.78 (0.06) | 47.0 (12.3) | 25.0 (4.6) | 65.9 (12.4) | 1.62 (0.06) |  | 0.321 (0.075) | 0.018 (0.008)
WTCCC Hypertension Cases | Men | 97.8 (8.8) | 0.94 (0.06) | 56.1 (11.2) | 27.8 (3.3) | 84.4 (11.9) | 1.74 (0.07)
 | Women | 85.8 (10.5) | 0.82 (0.07) | 57.2 (11.4) | 27.3 (4.0) | 71.2 (11.5) | 1.61 (0.06)
WTCCC Type 2 Diabetes Cases | Men | 106.2 (13.4) | 0.98 (0.07) | 59.0 (9.9) | 30.3 (5.4) | 93.3 (17,9) | 1.75 (0.07)
 | Women | 102.5 (15.4) | 0.90 (0.08) | 58.0 (10.5) | 32.6 (6.9) | 85.1 (19.3) | 1.61 (0.07)
Stage 2a: Replication studies in-silico
[NAME] study (ERF) | Men | 93.9 (11.6) | 0.94 (0.08) | 48.8 (14.1) | 27.3 (4.2) | 83.3 (13.9) | 1.74 (0.07) |  | 0.259(0.069) | 0.030(0.009)
 | Women | 81.8 (12.2) | 0.80 (0.08) | 47.8 (14.3) | 26.5 (4.9) | 69.4 (13.6) | 1.62 (0.07) |  | 0.371(0.074) | 0.032(0.011)
[NAME] (ERGO) | Men | 94.3 (9.5) | 0.96 (0.07) | 68.1 (8.2) | 25.7 (3.0) | 78.6 (10.7) | 1.75 (0.07) |  | 0.281 (0.062) | 0.030 (0.008)
 | Women | 87.9 (11.5) | 0.87 (0.09) | 70.3 (9.6) | 26.7 (4.1) | 69.6 (11.3) | 1.61 (0.07) |  | 0.390 (0.067) | 0.032 (0.008)
Fenland study | Men | 98.7 (11.6) | 0.94 (0.07) | 44.5 (7.4) | 27.6 (3.9) | 86.7 (13.9) | 1.77 (0.06) | 0.280 (0.067) | 0.272 (0.067) | 0.031 (0.009)
 | Women | 87.0 (12.8) | 0.84 (0.06) | 45.4 (7.2) | 26.7 (5.5) | 71.5 (15.2) | 1.64 (0.06) | 0.376 (0.077) | 0.365 (0.076) | 0.032 (0.011)
Genetic Epidemiology of Metabolic Syndrome (GEMS) Cases | Men | 101.2 (9.0) | 0.94 (0.05) | 49.5 (8.6) | 28.6 (3.2) | 89.9 (12.1) | 1.77 (0.07)
 | Women | 93.4 (10.9) | 0.86 (0.06) | 50.0 (9.6) | 29.0 (4.1) | 76.6 (11.6) | 1.63 (0.06)
Genetic Epidemiology of Metabolic Syndrome (GEMS) Controls | Men | 99.9 (11.1) | 0.93 (0.07) | 55.6 (9.2) | 28.1 (3.5) | 88.6 (13.0) | 1.77 (0.07)
 | Women | 89.1 (11.3) | 0.82 (0.06) | 54.5 (9.1) | 28.5 (3.8) | 75.4 (11.4) | 1.62 (0.06)
London Life Sciences Population Study - Northern Europeans (LOLIPOP-NE) | Men | 99.9 (12.8) | 0.95 (0.07) | 54.9 (9.7) | 28.3 (4.9) | 86.5 (16.2) | 1.75 (0.07) | 0.274 (0.078)
 | Women | 89.2 (13.5) | 0.86 (0.09) | 51.3 (10.4) | 27.2 (5.7) | 72.5 (15.5) | 1.63 (0.06) | 0.373 (0.070)
Precocious Coronary Artery Disease (ProCARDIS) | Men | 99.1 (9.8) | 0.98 (0.06) | 58.3 (7.1) | 26.9 (3.7) | 85.4 (12.7) | 1.78 (0.06)
 | Women | 88.0 (11.1) | 0.87 (0.08) | 60.5 (7.0) | 25.5 (4.2) | 69.9 (12.0) | 1.65 (0.06)
Twins UK replication samples | Men
 | Women | 82.7 (11.9) | 0.81 (0.08) | 47.6 (13.2) | 25.4 (4.5) | 68.9 (13.2) | 1.64 (0.08) |  | 0.338 (0.078) | 0.020 (0.009)
Stage 2b: Replication studies bespoke genotyping
Prevalence, Prediction and Prevention of Diabetes in the Botnia study (BPPP) | Men | 94.8 (11.3) | 0.95 (0.08) | 49.3 (15.9) | 23.7 (3.4) | 84.0 (13.1) | 1.77 (0.07) | 0.242 (0.067)
 | Women | 83.8 (12.1) | 0.83 (0.07) | 49.2 (16.0) | 21.3 (3.8) | 69.8 (13.0) | 1.64 (0.06) | 0.344 (0.075)
British 1958 [NAME] replication samples | Men | 98.2 (10.9) | 0.93 (0.06) | 45.3 (0.3) | 27.8 (4.1) | 86.3 (14.2) | 1.76 (0.07)
 | Women | 85.2 (12.6) | 0.81 (0.06) | 45.3 (0.3) | 26.8 (5.4) | 71.1 (15.0) | 1.63 (0.06)
British Women Health Study (BWHS) | Men
 | Women | 86.2 (12.2) | 0.82 (0.07) | 68.9 (5.5) | 27.6 (5.0) | 69.6 (13.0) | 1.59 (0.06)
deCODE genetics replication samples | Men | 99.5 (14.2) | 0.94 (0.08) | 49.1 (16.2) | 28.1 (5.0) | 91.0 (17.5) | 1.80 (0.07) | 0.268 (0.084) | 0.245 (0.062)
 | Women | 92.3 (15.4) | 0.87 (0.10) | 51.8 (16.4) | 27.8 (5.9) | 76.6 (17.1) | 1.66 (0.06) | 0.384 (0.082) | 0.358 (0.069)
National FINRISK study, 1997 | Men, | 95.0 (11.3) | 0.93 (0.07) | 50.4 (13.8) | 27.0 (4.0) | 83.1 (13.1) | 1.75 (0.07)
 | Women, | 81.8 (12.3) | 0.80 (0.07) | 47.5 (12.9) | 26.3 (5.0) | 69.3 (13.2) | 1.62 (0.06)
Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM Genetics Cases | Men | 105.5 (13.2) | 0.99 (0.07) | 58.3 (8.8) | 30.2 (5.0) | 92.6 (17.2) | 1.75 (0.07)
 | Women | 98.5 (13.7) | 0.89 (0.07) | 61.2 (7.6) | 31.6 (5.7) | 81.1 (15.8) | 1.60 (0.06)
Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM Genetics Controls | Men | 95.2 (9.9) | 0.94 (0.06) | 57.4 (7.6) | 26.7 (3.4) | 81.6 (12.2) | 1.75 (0.06)
 | Women | 85.8 (11.1) | 0.84 (0.07) | 60.9 (7.3) | 27.1 (4.6) | 69.7 (11.8) | 1.61 (0.06)
Hertfortshire Cohort Study | Men | 100.7 (10.4) | 0.97 (0.06) | 66.0 (2.9) | 27.1 (3.7) | 82.4 (12.7) | 1.74 (0.06) | 0.287 (0.053)
 | Women | 92.3 (12.9) | 0.85 (0.06) | 66.6 (2.7) | 27.6 (5.0) | 71.3 (13.8) | 1.61 (0.06) | 0.399 (0.050)
KOoperative gesundheitsforschung in der Region Augsburg (KORA), [NAME] | Men | 97.4 (10.9) | 0.93 (0.06) | 49.5 (14.0) | 27.5 (4.0) | 84.0 (13.0) | 1.75 (0.07) | 0.285 (0.063)
 | Women | 85.2 (12.8) | 0.81 (0.07) | 48.9 (13.8) | 26.9 (5.3) | 70.4 (13.6) | 1.62 (0.06) | 0.364 (0.070)
Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) | Men | 98.9 (11.5) | 0.97 (0.07) | 58.7 (6.4) | 27.3 (4.2) | 84.1 (13.9) | 1.75 (0.06) | 0.246 (0.067)
 | Women
MRC [NAME] | Men | 99.8 (10.5) | 0.95 (0.06) | 61.4 (9.0) | 27.3 (3.9) | 83.0 (13.2) | 1.74 (0.07) | 0.266 (0.053)
 | Women | 87.2 (12.6) | 0.81 (0.06) | 60.8 (9.1) | 27.2 (5.4) | 70.7 (14.3) | 1.61 (0.06) | 0.397 (0.066)
Nurses Health Study (NHS) - Cases | Men | 101.7 (11.2) | 0.96 (0.06) | 55.7 (8.5) | 27.6 (4.0) | 88.4 (15.0) | 1.79 (0.06)
 | Women | 90.2 (13.7) | 0.84 (0.12) | 54.7 (6.6) | 29.1 (5.8) | 78.1 (16.7) | 1.64 (0.06)
Nurses Health Study (NHS) - Controls | Men | 94.5 (8.4) | 0.94 (0.05) | 55.5 (8.6) | 25.0 (2.8) | 80.0 (10.7) | 1.79 (0.06)
 | Women | 81.5 (12.2) | 0.78 (0.07) | 53.2 (6.9) | 26.2 (5.4) | 70.3 (15.2) | 1.64 (0.06)
UK Type 2 Diabetes Genetics Consortium collection replication set 1 Cases | Men | 107.1 (13.0) |  | 64.0 (9.1) | 30.8 (5.4) | 93.1 (17.6) | 1.74 (0.07)
 | Women | 101.0 (13.7) |  | 64.3 (9.7) | 32.5 (6.5) | 82.6 (17.5) | 1.59 (0.06)
UK Type 2 Diabetes Genetics Consortium collection replication set 1 Controls | Men | 97.4 (10.0) |  | 59.6 (11.6) | 26.9 (3.7) | 83.7 (12.7) | 1.76 (0.06)
 | Women | 85.3 (12.2) |  | 57.7 (12.3) | 26.4 (5.1) | 69.6 (13.7) | 1.62 (0.07)
UK Type 2 Diabetes Genetics Consortium collection replication set 3 Cases | Men | 107.5 (13.3) |  | 63.4 (9.6) | 30.8 (5.6) | 93.4 (18.7) | 1.74 (0.07)
 | Women | 102.9 (15.1) |  | 64.0 (10.1) | 33.0 (7.1) | 84.2 (19.7) | 1.59 (0.06)
UK Type 2 Diabetes Genetics Consortium collection replication set 3 Controls | Men | 98.2 (10.9) |  | 60.1 (11.5) | 27.0 (3.9) | 84.0 (13.4) | 1.76 (0.07)
 | Women | 87.5 (12.8) |  | 57.7 (12.1) | 26.9 (5.1) | 71.1 (14.0) | 1.62 (0.07)
UK Type 2 Diabetes Genetics Consortium collection replication set 4 Cases | Men | 107.9 (13.0) |  | 63.7 (9.6) | 30.8 (5.3) | 93.3 (17.3) | 1.74 (0.07)
 | Women | 103.7 (14.8) |  | 64.3 (9.4) | 33.1 (7.1) | 85.0 (19.3) | 1.60 (0.07)
UK Type 2 Diabetes Genetics Consortium collection replication set 4 Controls | Men | 99.3 (11.2) |  | 60.6 (11.2) | 27.8 (4.3) | 85.4 (13.9) | 1.75 (0.06)
 | Women | 88.1 (12.7) |  | 56.3 (11.5) | 27.5 (5.1) | 71.9 (14.0) | 1.62 (0.06)
[NAME] of Obesity (UGO) | Men |  |  | 51.6 (9.5) | 24.6 (3.4) | 81.8 (11.8) | 1.77 (0.06) |  | 0.245 (0.063) | 0.018 (0.005)
 | Women |  |  | 53.0 (9.7) | 25.4 (4.2) | 68.3 (11.8) | 1.64 (0.06) |  | 0.377 (0.076) | 0.022 (0.005)
* Values represent: mean (SD)
Please note that for the UGO cohort, less than 15% of the samples had waist phenotypes available and thus we did not test these for association