Spreadsheet: 0882a654-fb2e-4fa9-a0c4-fc00949a3b26
Sheet: Sheet1

Rapid Health Impact Assessment Worksheet | Unnamed: 1 | Unnamed: 2 | Unnamed: 3 | Unnamed: 4 | Unnamed: 5 | Unnamed: 6 | Unnamed: 7 | Unnamed: 8 | Unnamed: 9
Project: [NAME] 2 - Senior Housing and Retail Expansion
 | Health determinant | Related information about project | Potential Positive Impacts | Unrealized Potential Health Benefits | Potential Negative Impacts | Evidence of impacts effect on health determinant | Studies that could be done to assess impact | Design mitigations to improve health outcomes | Detailed steps for mitigation
1 | Housing: adequate shelter; affordability; physical hazards; displacement/ dislocation; disinvestment/ blight | provides 54 units of low income senior housing | •Project increases housing affordibility, choice, and quality for Oakland seniors;  •Affordable rents or mortgages will prevent residents from having to make trade-offs between housing, food and medical care. |  |  | •Severely rent burdened households have < $500 month for all material needs other than housing | •Obtain statistics on unmet  housing needs by age / ethicity in Oakland
2 | Air Quality: pollutants in outdoor air and indoor air; environmental tobacco smoke | near highway; port expanding in future; not entire building is non-smoking; construction vehicles will increase air pollution; trying to limit trucks on [NAME]; no VOC paints being used and low VOC carpet |  |  | •Freeway traffic and Port traffic on Market cumulatively contribute to vehicle-related  emmissions at project with indirect impacts on heart and respiratory disease | •Increased asthma hospitalizations associated with living within 650 of heavy traffic and heavy truck volume[1]; •Increased asthma symptoms with proximity to roadways with greatest risk within 300 feet[2]; [NAME] graph [3] at bottom of table | •Take measurements of particulate matter  at site at multiple elevations and in neigborhood more distant from busy roadwas | •Design and engineer building to ensure particulate matter levels within building are not more than 2-fold higher than other sites away from the freeway in West Oakland | •Hire consultant to measure air quality at site; •Work with consultant to implement appropriate mitigations: location of air intakes & air filtration;  •Make building 'tight' (inoperable windows, no balconies); •Work with current residents to make Market Street a non-truck street; •Notify all future residents of air quality risks
 |  |  |  |  | •Port expansion anticipated to increase contribution of trucks to cumulative air emmissions with indirect impacts on heart and respiratory disease | •Proximity to port and resulting traffic will lead to increased exposure to vehicle emissions that exacerbate respiratory disease and increase cardio-pulmonary mortality | •Continue to monitor air quality as port expands; model increase pollution due to port expansion | •Design building so that air quality remains safe as port expands | •Work with consultant as above; •Continue to monitor air quality at site
 |  |  |  |  | •Indoor smoking will result in ETS exposure to some project residents | •Indoor aero-allergens cause or exacerbate asthma | •Assess demand for housing among non-smokers if necessary | •investigate incentives for nonsmoker-residents or disincentives for smokers; •investigate savings on insurance as a result of making building non-smoking; •Make entire building non-smoking | •Consult withAmerican Lung Association about model non-smoking building policies
 |  |  |  |  | •Construction vehicle pollution will have indirect impacts on heart and respiratory disease | •Proximity to construction pollution leads to increased exposure to vehicle emissions that exacerbate respiratory disease and increase cardio-pulmonary mortality |  | •Use clean construction equipment and practices
3 | Noise: environmental; occupational | near highway; near mall parking lot; construction noise; trying to limit trucks on Market St. |  |  | •Cumulatively, highway noise, [NAME] noise from trucks and noise from radios in parking lot may result in annoyance, high blood presssure, sleep loss, and strained speech in project residents | •Chronic noise exposure harms sleep, temperament, hearing, and blood pressure; •Noise levels in excess of 70 dB will prevent normal voice level communications at unprotected exterior locations (e.g., front entry) | •Measure noise levels on site | •Use noise-insulating windows, acoustical exterior doors and walls; •Move main entry to courtyard side, protected from noise; •Work with current residents to make Market Street a non-truck street; •Post noise regulations in parking lot | •Meet Title 24 noise insulation requirements
 |  |  |  |  | •Construction  is likely to result in increased noise-related health complaints among some current area residents | •Current senior neighbors will have sleep interupted by normal construction noise |  | •limit hours of construction to accommodate neighboring seniors
4 | Safety: violent crime; property crime; fire hazards; traffic hazards | project in high crime area; entry to housing to be monitored and secured; trucks in proximity to seniors and developer planning to add features to reduce truck traffic on Market and traffic cutting across parking; private security at current JLG site does not have public's confidence; Developer promising to improve lighting in area | •Increased lighting and population on site may decrease crime by providing more 'eyes on the street.' |  | •Residents may experience stress and restrict activity outside home because of fear of crime | If mitigations do not reduce crime: •Physical injury will increase; •Indirect effects of crime including fear, stress, and poor mental health will increase; •Walking will be discouraged, leading to lack of exercise and reduction in benefits of walking | Obtain statistics on crime types and frequency in area; | •Increase private security in the area if necessary; •Work to increase current resident's confidence in private security; •Ask police to review security plans and offer suggestions for improvement; •Talk with NCPC (Neighborhood Crime Prevention Council) about suggestions for improvement
 |  |  |  |  | •Residents may be vulnerable to pedestrian injuries or restrict activity because of fear of injuries | •Severity of injuries is greater for seniors at all vehicle speeds; •Seniors at greater risk for pedestrian injuries likely due to age-related changes in vision, hearing and reaction times. | Obtain statistics on pedestrian injuries  in area; | •add walkability amenities such as curb extensions, pedestrian medians on multilane crossings, audible countdown signals to increase walkability to neighboring communities and to retail; •implement traffic calming measures to reduce vehicle speeds; •divert through traffic around neighborhood | Work with the City of Oakland to prioritize traffic calming and pedestrian safety improvements adjacent to project
5 | Social Networks: contact with and support from friends and family | allows seniors to remain close to families and close to other seniors; main entry to building on [NAME] rather than Market | •Adequate housing for seniors allows this group of people more choices to live near family and friends which in turn would promote social contact and prevent social isolation. | •A more integrated (e.g. cross-generational) building may further increase quantity and quality of social networks |  | •Maintaining  social networks protects health in several ways, for example, providing a buffer for stressful situations; providing material and emotional support when faced by a stressful situation or by ill health.  •Research in Alameda County shows that those with more contacts with friends and families live significantly longer. •Other research shows that those with larger networks recover from illness faster. | •Assess barriers to getting credits for multi-age low income housing and senior housing; Assess demand for inter-generational housing. | •Inter-generaltional housing; •Allow pets | •Explore with City how affordable housing subsidies could be blended to achieve intergenerational project
 |  |  |  | •Building the entrance to the housing on Market St would increase the social interactions of seniors with others in the neighborhood and further increase the quantity and quality of social networks |  |  |  | •Revise project entrance to market street for ease of pedestrian access
6 | Nutrition: food costs; food quality; food safety; proximity of food resources | project close to grocery store and developer interested in attracting restaurants and coffee shops |  | •Depending on type of retail food available, proximity to grocery and restaurants might increase quality and affordibility of nutrition choices: •Existing grocery store does not cater to all populations likely to live in project; •Existing restaurants (fast food and take out) do not provide high quality nutrition choices |  | •Adequate nutrition prevents infectious disease; •Proximity to good nutrition source can reduce risk of obesity and resulting co-morbidities | •What are options for expanding the selection at current grocery store? | •Developer commitments to better-quality restaurants and to discuss broadening selection with current grocery store operator
7 | [NAME] and Natural Space: park quality; park services; park access | multi-use courtyard oriented away from highway; only one other local park which is not in good shape; current plan removes some existing trees | •Courtyard provides opportunity for  physical activity to residents; gardening and other horticultural activity has significant health benefits; project open space is appropriately buffered from highway noise |  | •Lack of other parks in area could be detrimental to health through reduced physical activity; •Removal of mature trees detracts from natural space and associated stress reduction | •Regular physical activity reduces risk of heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and obesity, reduces blood pressure, relieves symptoms of depression and anxiety, and prevents falls in the elderly; •Access to places for physical activity can increase the frequency of physical activity; •Views of trees and open space reduce stress; •Gardening and other hands on work with nature |  | •Developer to commit to working with city re: shuttle to local parks; allocating resources to improving local parks; •Developer to detail exact uses in of courtyard (too many things being promised); •Change parking plan so that mature trees can be kept
 |  |  | •Density of housing/building height seems appropriate - neighbors not to lose benefits of natural space/light |  |  |  | •Appropriate density allows neighbors to retain existing natural space which leads to improved health
8 | Private Goods and Services: quality and proximity of financial institutions; childcare services; health services | plan for new retail space not clear (many ideas floating) |  | •Depending on specific services offered, new retail or medical offices could provide needed services to community; •More active retail areas would deter crime and prevent physical harm and stress of residents | •New retail may not be good for new or current residents | •Access to local medical services will decrease serious hospitalizations; •Local retail of interest to residents will increase physical activity and could help maintain mental capabilities | •What retail/medical would be used by current residents?  •Is current bank/credit union moving away?  •Are chains best option? | •Developer to commit to specific uses of retail that existing community wants/needs. | •Survey current neighbors to identify needs and wishes for additional retail; •convene a neighborhood council composed of residents, retailers and public safety officers to create a plan for the retail space; •set up meetings with local groups (e.g. churches and PTAs at schools) to discuss retail needs and wishes; •provide community members with results of past survey of residents about retail uses.
9 | Public Services: quality and proximity of health services | developer trying to take advantage of current services including WO Health Center and WO Senior Center | •Depending on quality and cultural appropriateness of area services and location of services used by future residents, project may increase quality and access to health services by residents. |  |  | •Timely access to primary health services prevents serious hospitalizations | •Statistics on types of services and populations served by area services; •Estimation of service needs of future residents | •Provide transport to services actually used by likely residents; •Provide services/special programs (e.g., collaborate with UCSF) to keep senior's minds active
10 | Transportation: access to jobs, goods, services and educational resources; non-motorized travel; [NAME] | developer talking to public transit to ensure access for new residents; walking access to shopping; project removing parking spaces; limited parking available for housing; high ratio of parking to retail space to remain to attract chains; orientation of main entrance to [NAME] | •Public transport needed for seniors for exercise, shopping, and social network may be made available |  | •Existing public transport may not be sufficient and lead to isolation of residents and to lack of access to needed services | •Public transit provides access to parks, and health care services; •Sidewalks, parks and open space facilitate physical activity reducing heart disease, diabetes, obesity, blood pressure, and osteoporosis, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and falls in the elderly | •What is current public transportation available and is it sufficient? | •Developer to commit to ensuring access to widely used public transport (signed contracts; providing employees/tenants with Eco-Pass for ACT; commuter check for BART); •Developer to commit to improving transit ammenities on site (e.g. bus shelters, zones) ; •Work with transit providers, and other affordable housing projects to provide shuttles to parks and other common destinations
 |  |  |  |  | •High level of parking for retail may encourage driving and discourage pedestrian traffic in neighborhood and thereby reduce activity | •Walking to retail could be a good source of physical activity and lead to reduced illness (as above) |  | •Developer could reduce existing parking and increase density of retail or housing
 |  |  |  |  | •Limited parking at housing may discourage family visits and lead to isolation | •Physical and emotional support buffers stressful situations, supports illness recovery, prevents isolation, contributes to self-esteem, and reduces risk of early death | •Assess demand for visitor parking based on similar housing elsewhere in oakland | •allow visitors to senior housing to use retail parking
 |  |  |  |  | •Main entrance on [NAME] and high amounts of traffic may discourage outdoor activity and transportation via walking | •Walking to retail and to neighbors could be a good source of physical activity and lead to reduced illness (as above) |  | •Change main entrance to Market Street; •Add walkability amenities such as curb extensions, street trees & park strip plantings, pedestrian medians on multilane crossings, audible countdown signals to increase walkability to neighboring communities; •Add bike lanes in neighborhood; •Explore adding pedestrian bridges, if they connect to other retail/housing
11 | Social Equity:  proportion of the population living in relative poverty; attitudes towards/ stereotypes of minority racial, social and ethnic groups; segregation of residences | low income housing targetting seniors in the 15%-30% annual median income range (approx. 70% of seniors); not allowed to prioritize local residents; developer has good track record on projects in Oakland; units will be handicap accessible | •Prevents stresses of displacement of low income seniors |  |  | •Local housing keeps social networks intact which leads to decreased stress and shorter recovery times; •Affordable housing will prevent residents from having to make trade-offs between housing, food and medical care |  | •Developer to ensure that housing meets needs of target population in terms of pricing, accessibility, racial and ethnic diversity
12 | Livelihood: security of employment; wages and income; benefits and leave; job hazards; job autonomy; economic diversity |  |  | •Depending on businesses, retail could potentially increase high quality, living wage jobs with benefits by targeting specific retail sectors |  |  | •Document wages and benefits provided by categories of retail services
13 | Water Quality: contaminants in drinking water; infectious agents in drinking water; recreational water quality
14 | Education: school quality; school proximity | no plan |  |  |  | •Activities to help seniors stay mentally alert decreases rates of Alzheimer's and allow them to remain independent longer |  | •Provide 'educational' services to keep senior's minds active (e.g. work with Fromm Institute at UCSF to design a program for residents)
15 | Democratic process: degree and quality of participation in public decision making; government accountability | current plan for site adds senior housing and retail but not clear what, if any, plan exists for the neighborhood in general |  |  | •Responsive government decision making (vs. proactive) leads to frustration of residents and reduces value of their input; •Lack of overall plan for the area likely to result in unintended and non-optimal land-use and associated health consequences |  | •Are senior housing and retail needed for neighborhood?  •What is plan for other parts of the neighborhood (e.g. brownfield)?  •What is the plan for creating one main retail center for area? | •Developer to encourage city to undertake a comprehensive area planning effort; •Developer to work with City to develop a specific plan for the area (e.g. creation of a central square) so that this development works to integrate the community
 | References:
 | [1] Lin et al.  [NAME]. 2002; 88: 73-81.
 | [2] [NAME] et al. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.  2001; 164:2177-2180
 | [3] http://www.arb.ca.gov/ch/landuse.htm