Spreadsheet: 025e7974-d1df-4310-bba8-5e0ebfd69387
Sheet: Sheet1

Table 2.   Detailed outcomes of studies on effects of low or high salt diet on rats
Study |  | Study Duration |  | Sample Size |  | Sodium Intakes
 |  | (Weeks) |  |  |  | (% in chow) |  |  | Mean Body Weight (g) |  | Mean BP (mmHg) |  | WAT |  |  |  |  |  |  | GLUT 4 |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME]
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (End of Study) |  | Body Fat/Fat Pad Weights |  |  |  | Fat Cell Volume/Size/Number |  |  | Receptor/Gene Expression |  |  | [NAME] Glucose Uptake |  |  | Concentration
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Body Fat %
[NAME], 1988 |  | 11 |  | SHR Rats | 8 | 0.25:0.1 Ca²⁺ | Low |  | 281 ± 12 |  | 202 ± 21 |  | 10.3 ± 1.0 %
U.S.A. |  |  |  |  | 4 | 0.45:1.0 Ca²⁺ | Normal |  | 258 ± 30 |  | 185 ± 19 |  | 8.6 ± 1.0 %
 |  |  |  |  | 4 | 1: 2 Ca²⁺ | High |  | 238 ± 4 |  | 173 ± 18 |  | 9.2 ± 0.9%
 |  |  |  | WKR Rats | 10 | 0.25:0.1 Ca²⁺ | Low |  | 316 ± 22 |  | 140 ± 15 |  | 9.7 ± 1.0 %
 |  |  |  |  | 4 | 0.45:1.0 Ca²⁺ | Normal |  | 276 ± 21 |  | 137 ± 18 |  | 9.7 ± 2.0%
 |  |  |  |  | 4 | 1: 2 Ca²⁺ | High |  | 242 ± 32 |  | 141 ± 15 |  | 5.9 ± 1.0%
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Receptor Density |  |  | Glucose Uptake into Adipocytes | Incorporation of 2DG into lipids
da Costa Lima, 1997 |  | 12 |  |  | 6 | 0.15 | Low |  | 383 ± 25 |  | 115 ± 5 |  |  |  |  |  | Volume ([NAME] x 10⁵ cells |  |  | (Number/nm²) |  |  | (pmol/3 min⁻¹/cm⁻²) | ( nM/10⁻⁵ cells/hr)
Brazil |  |  |  |  | 6 | 7.94 | High |  | 362 ± 20 |  | 146 ± 11 |  |  |  |  |  | 243 ± 33 |  |  | 3.5  ± 1.8 |  |  | 6.1 ± 1.7 | 10.5  ± 4.1
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 233 ± 35 |  |  | 8.1  ± 2.4 |  |  | 12.3 ± 1.1 | 20.7  ± 4.1
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gravimetric Adipose Tissue Mass (g/100g) |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] (AU/µg protein) |  |  | [NAME], mmol/l | [NAME], pmol/l
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Epididymal | Retroperitoneal | Mesenteric | Carcass Lipid
Prada, 2000 |  | 12 |  |  | 6 | 0.06 | Low |  | 408  ± 26 |  |  |  | 2  ± 0.28 | 2  ± 0.43 | 2  ± 0.42 | 12  ± 3.73 |  |  |  | 100  ± 22.1 |  |  | 5.6  ± 0.03 | 208.6  ± 107.9
Brazil |  |  |  |  | 6 | 0.5 | Normal |  | 373  ± 24 |  |  |  | 1  ± 0.32 | 1  ± 0.41 | 1  ± 0.44 | 7  ± 0.81 |  |  |  | 110  ± 17.0 |  |  | 5.5  ± 0.2 | 165.5  ± 43.2
 |  |  |  |  | 6 | 3.12 | High |  | 355  ± 18 |  |  |  | 1  ± 0.3 | 1  ± 0.42 | 0.1  ± 0.12 | 9  ± 0.94 |  |  |  | 263  ± 62.2 |  |  | 5.5  ± 0.3 | 151.1  ± 28.8
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Epididymal (g) | Retroperitoneal (g) |  |  | Cell Volume, pl | Cell [NAME] (µg lipid/cell) | Cell Number, x 10⁶/ml |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] (non-fasted), ng/ml
Dobrian, 2003 |  | 10 |  | OP | 8 | 0.8 | Low |  | 660 ± 9.3 |  | 157 |  | 30.3 ± 3.0 | 25.9 ± 1.1 |  |  | 620.8 ± 20.2 | 0.576 ± 0.06 | 0.07 ± 0.006 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32.7  ± 4.1
U.S.A. |  |  |  | (Ob Prone) | 8 | 2 | Med |  | 673 ± 18.1 |  | 160 |  | 32.2 ± 1.5 | 26.0 ± 1.4 |  |  | 732.4 ± 15.4 | 0.670 ± 0.08 | 0.05 ± 0.007 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 52.1  ± 7.8
 |  |  |  |  | 8 | 4 | High |  | 682 ± 10.2 |  | 162 |  | 31.8 ± 3.3 | 27.2 ± 1.8 |  |  | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |  |  |  |  |  |  | 55.6  ± 6.6
 |  |  |  | OR | 8 | 0.8 | Low |  | 540 ± 8.4 |  | 140 |  | 17.1 ± 2.5 | 14.7 ± 1.1 |  |  | 346.3 ± 19.6 | 0.317 ± 0.07 | 0.12 ± 0.005 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18.8  ± 5.5
 |  |  |  | (Ob Resistant) | 8 | 2 | Med |  | 539.2 ± 18.1 |  | 134 |  | 20.8 ± 2.8 | 18.7 ± 2.9 |  |  | 393. 3 ± 11.3 | 0.360 ± 0.08 | 0.10 ± 0.005 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29.2 ± 4.4
 |  |  |  |  | 8 | 4 | High |  | 537.5 ±14.7 |  | 140 |  | 17.2 ± 3.1 | 16.7 ± 1.9 |  |  | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32.4 ± 4.7
 |  |  |  | Control | 6 | 0.8 | Low |  | 566.1 ± 22.1 |  | 130 |  | 15.7 ± 2.5 | 18.6 ± 1.6 |  |  | 610.3 ± 12.3 | 0.558 ± 0.08 | 0.07 ± 0.006 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23.1 ± 2.7
 |  |  |  |  | 6 | 2 | Med |  | 559.9 ± 16.1 |  | 136 |  | 16.7 ± 4.6 | 19.2 ± 1.5 |  |  | 664.9 ± 13.5 | 0.608 ± 0.07 | 0.07 ± 0.004 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34.4 ± 4.7
 |  |  |  |  | 6 | 4 | High |  | 558 ± 12.6 |  | 136 |  | 15.9 ± 5.1 | 17.6 ± 3.4 |  |  | n.d. | n.d. | n.d.
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Epididymal (g) | Retroperitoneal (g)
Xavier, 2003 |  | 12 |  |  | 10 | 0.06 | Low | LS  (week 4) |  |  |  |  | 1.83 ± 0.09 | 1.29 ± 0.10
Brazil |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | (week 8) |  |  |  |  | 3.14 ± 0.26 | 3.62 ± 0.28
 |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | (week 12) |  |  |  |  | 6.57 ± 0.50 | 6.04 ± 0.53
 |  |  |  |  | 10 | 0.5 | Normal | NS  (week 4) |  |  |  |  | 2.14 ± 0.15 | 1.75 ± 0.22
 |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | (week 8) |  |  |  |  | 3.74 ± 0.18 | 2.91 ± 0.24
 |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | (week 12) |  |  |  |  | 6.95 ± 0.44 | 6.44 ± 0.48
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Epididymal (g) |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME] (AU/µg protein) | In Vivo GLUT 4 Protein Translocation (%Δ) | (After Acute Insulin Injection 4U/rat) | [NAME], mmol/l | Fasting Plasma insulin, pmol/l
Okamoto, 2004 |  | 9 |  |  | 20 | 0.06 | Low |  | 422 ± 16 |  |  |  | 6.78 ± 0.56 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 125 | P˃ 0.05 |  | 9.89  ± 0.34 | 52.2  ± 8.3
Brazil |  |  |  |  | 18 | 0.5 | Normal |  | 395 ± 15 |  |  |  | 5.29 ± 0.48 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 136 | P˂ 0.05 |  | 8.84  ± 0.38 | 69.0  ± 6.67
 |  |  |  |  | 18 | 3.12 | High |  | 343 ± 13 |  |  |  | 4.55 ± 0.45 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 187 | ≈ 16 |  | 9.08  ± 0.53 | 62.3  ± 7.56
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | [NAME], mmol/l | [NAME], pmol/l |  | [NAME] (non-fasted), ng/ml | [NAME] (overnight fasted), ng/ml
Coelho, 2005 |  | 9 |  |  | 9 | 0.06 | Low |  | 444 ± 16 |  | 121 ± 1.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.8  ± 0.4 | 712 ± 163 |  | 9.7 ± 3.5 | 2.4 ± 1.5
Brazil |  |  |  |  | 8 | 0.5 | Normal |  | 405 ± 14 |  | 123 ± 2.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.8  ± 0.4 | 257 ± 101 |  | 8.4 ± 1.8 | 4.0 ± 1.9
 |  |  |  |  | 8 | 3.12 | High |  | 358 ± 30 |  | 136 ± 2.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.0  ± 0.3 | 326 ± 91 |  | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 3.5 ± 1.5
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Week 6 of Diet |  | Fat Pad Weights (g) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Incorporation of 2DG into lipids, nM/10⁶ cells/hr |  |  | [NAME] (non-fasted), ng/ml
Fonseca-Alaniz, 2007 |  | 9 |  |  | 10 | 0.06 | Low |  | P ˃ 0.05 |  | 115 |  |  | Retroperitoneal | Periepididymal | Subcutaneous |  |  |  |  |  |  | ([NAME])
Brazil |  |  |  |  | 10 | 0.5 | Normal |  | P ˃ 0.05 |  | 121 |  | LS  (week 3) | 0.49 ± 0.07 | 0.76 ± 0.06 | 1.86 ± 0.19
 |  |  |  |  | 10 | 3.12 | High |  | P ˃ 0.05 |  | 143 |  | (week 6) | 1.89 ± 0.25 | 2.17 ± 0.17 | 4.05 ± 0.36 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 197.25 ± 21.32
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (week 9) | 3.16 ± 0.34 | 4.35 ± 0.29 | 5.95 ± 0.38
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | NS  (week 3) | 0.29 ± 0.03 | 0.62 ± 0.06 | 1.59 ± 0.17
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (week 6) | 2.13 ± 0.24 | 2.64 ± 0.08 | 4.07 ± 0.32 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 135.51 ± 15.74
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (week 9) | 4.62 ± 0.43 | 5.14 ± 0.38 | 6.99 ± 0.49
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | HS  (week 3) | 0.54 ± 0.05 | 0.87 ± 0.08 | 2.25 ± 0.14 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | P ˂ 0.05
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (week 6) | 3.33 ± 0.25 | 4.14 ± 0.22 | 5.94 ± 0.39 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 325.39 ± 31.93 |  |  | P ˂ 0.001
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (week 9) | 4.02 ± 0.45 | 5.24 ± 0.48 | 6.73 ± 0.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | P ˂ 0.05
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Fat Pad Weights (g) |  |  |  | PE adipocyte volume (pl) | SC adipocyte volume (pl) |  |  |  |  | [NAME], mmol/l | 2DGU (pmol/m²), insulin-max rate | Fasting Plasma insulin, ng/ml
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Periepididymal | Subcutaneous
Fonseca-Alaniz, 2008 |  | 9 |  |  | 16 | 0.06 | Low | LS  (week 3) | 143 ±  3.3 |  |  |  |  | 0.76 ± 0.06 | 1.86 ± 0.19 |  | 93  ± 5.7 | 104.5  ± 9.6
Brazil |  |  |  |  | 15 |  |  | (week 6) | 243.1 ±  5.1 |  | 115 ±  2 |  |  | 2.62 ± 0.26 | 4.32 ± 0.27 |  | 164.4  ± 10.1 | 153.0  ± 8.6
 |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | (week 9) | 303.8 ±  5.5 |  |  |  |  | 4.35 ± 0.29 | 5.95 ± 0.38 |  | 289.8  ± 18.6 | 205.9  ± 13.3 |  |  |  |  | P ˃ 0.05 | P ˂ 0.01
 |  |  |  |  | 17 | 0.5 | Normal | NS  (week 3) | 150.8 ±  2.8 |  |  |  |  | 0.62 ± 0.06 | 1.59 ± 0.17 |  | 83.8  ± 5.5 | 90.1  ± 5.6
 |  |  |  |  | 16 |  |  | (week 6) | 250.3 ±  4.9 |  | 120 ±  3 |  |  | 2.74 ± 0.15 | 4.09 ± 0.20 |  | 181 7  ± 9.1 | 166.0  ± 8.4
 |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |  | (week 9) | 304.0 ±  6.2 |  |  |  |  | 5.14 ± 0.38 | 6.99 ± 0.49 |  | 338.6  ± 21.6 | 235.1  ± 12.7 |  |  |  |  | P ˃ 0.05
 |  |  |  |  | 17 | 3.12 | High | HS  (week 3) | 145.1 ±  3.0 |  |  |  |  | 0.87 ± 0.08 | 2.25 ± 0.14 |  | 87.0  ± 4.6 | 91.4  ± 6.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | P ˂ 0.05
 |  |  |  |  | 16 |  |  | (week 6) | 239.8 ±  3.7 |  | 143 ±  2 |  |  | 3.88 ± 0.22 | 5.63 ± 0.29 |  | 219.9  ± 10.3 | 175.8  ± 9.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  | P ˂ 0.05
 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |  | (week 9) | 288.4 ±  7.0 |  |  |  |  | 5.24 ± 0.48 | 6.73 ± 0.50 |  | 321.2  ± 17.2 | 231.4  ± 11.8 |  |  |  |  | P ˃ 0.05