Spreadsheet: 1c58d617-b8f9-4cb0-8c53-ca86f70ab723
Sheet: Sheet1

Data Source | World Development Indicators | Unnamed: 2 | Unnamed: 3 | Unnamed: 4 | Unnamed: 5 | Unnamed: 6 | Unnamed: 7 | Unnamed: 8 | Unnamed: 9 | Unnamed: 10 | Unnamed: 11 | Unnamed: 12 | Unnamed: 13 | Unnamed: 14 | Unnamed: 15 | Unnamed: 16 | Unnamed: 17 | Unnamed: 18 | Unnamed: 19 | Unnamed: 20 | Unnamed: 21 | Unnamed: 22 | Unnamed: 23 | Unnamed: 24 | Unnamed: 25 | Unnamed: 26 | Unnamed: 27 | Unnamed: 28 | Unnamed: 29 | Unnamed: 30 | Unnamed: 31 | Unnamed: 32 | Unnamed: 33 | Unnamed: 34 | Unnamed: 35 | Unnamed: 36 | Unnamed: 37 | Unnamed: 38 | Unnamed: 39 | Unnamed: 40 | Unnamed: 41 | Unnamed: 42 | Unnamed: 43 | Unnamed: 44 | Unnamed: 45 | Unnamed: 46 | Unnamed: 47 | Unnamed: 48 | Unnamed: 49 | Unnamed: 50 | Unnamed: 51 | Unnamed: 52 | Unnamed: 53 | Unnamed: 54 | Unnamed: 55 | Unnamed: 56 | Unnamed: 57
Country Name | Country Code | Indicator Name | Indicator Code | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013
Aruba | ABW | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Andorra | AND | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Afghanistan | AFG | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Angola | AGO | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Albania | ALB | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.08735 | 0.15308
Andean Region | ANR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Arab World | ARB | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
United Arab Emirates | ARE | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.48911
Argentina | ARG | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.41749 | 0.41959 | 0.41131 | 0.45337 | 0.43884 | 0.42461 | 0.38886 | 0.41013 | 0.43756 | 0.46077 | 0.49462 | 0.50793 | 0.52381 | 0.5951 | 0.61745 | 0.64696
Armenia | ARM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.18692 | 0.22601 | 0.214 | 0.18463 | 0.27987 | 0.25255 | 0.23971 | 0.21201 | 0.25761 | 0.24057 | 0.21107 | 0.22438 | 0.29093 | 0.24139 | 0.27014
American Samoa | ASM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
[NAME] and [NAME] | ATG | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Australia | AUS | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.65987 |  | 1.51324 |  | 1.57349 |  | 1.75 |  | 1.85759 |  | 2.18873 |  | 2.40778 |  | 2.38562
Austria | AUT | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.59811 | 1.69444 | 1.77157 | 1.88782 | 1.93246 | 2.05092 | 2.12412 | 2.24092 | 2.23663 | 2.4587 | 2.43928 | 2.50632 | 2.66957 | 2.70782 | 2.79846 | 2.76578 | 2.83639
Azerbaijan | AZE | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.23533 | 0.3695 | 0.42124 | 0.39289 | 0.336 | 0.34001 | 0.30155 | 0.32496 | 0.29831 | 0.21994 | 0.17165 | 0.17006 | 0.16554 | 0.24976 | 0.21848 | 0.21084
Burundi | BDI | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.2007 | 0.15419 | 0.14434 | 0.13755 | 0.12126
Belgium | BEL | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.7645 | 1.83103 | 1.85932 | 1.93301 | 1.96558 | 2.06825 | 1.93609 | 1.87482 | 1.85508 | 1.82957 | 1.85884 | 1.89299 | 1.96686 | 2.02668 | 2.10478 | 2.21281 | 2.23621
Benin | [NAME] | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
[NAME] | BFA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.15834 | 0.18104 |  |  |  | 0.19057 | 0.33866 | 0.27119 | 0.24197 | 0.17057 |  | 0.11088 | 0.18676 | 0.20056
Bangladesh | BGD | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Bulgaria | BGR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.57846 | 0.52394 | 0.55497 | 0.55308 | 0.50829 | 0.45724 | 0.47705 | 0.48311 | 0.48715 | 0.45762 | 0.45775 | 0.45368 | 0.47024 | 0.52847 | 0.59794 | 0.57041 | 0.63924
Bahrain | BHR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Bahamas, The | BHS | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Bosnia and Herzegovina | BIH | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.01854 | 0.01611 | 0.02765 | 0.02043 | 0.02603 | 0.01898 | 0.02171
Belarus | BLR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.99852 | 0.73 | 0.70578 | 0.84523 | 0.7221 | 0.70876 | 0.6209 | 0.61147 | 0.62759 | 0.67852 | 0.66065 | 0.96203 | 0.74147 | 0.64269 | 0.6935 | 0.7006
Belize | BLZ | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Bermuda | BMU | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.05885 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.20526 | 0.2095 | 0.22217 | 0.22283 | 0.26122
Bolivia | BOL | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.32544 | 0.31577 | 0.29495 | 0.29836 | 0.28744 | 0.29358 | 0.27663 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.157
Brazil | BRA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.01825 | 1.0429 | 0.98472 | 0.95792 | 0.89952 | 0.97132 | 1.00801 | 1.09514 | 1.11431 | 1.16614 | 1.16042 | 1.20964
Barbados | BRB | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
[NAME] | BRN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.01592 | 0.01842 | 0.03701
Bhutan | BTN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Botswana | BWA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.53286
Sub-Saharan Africa (IFC classification) | CAA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Central African Republic | CAF | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Canada | CAN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.65093 | 1.65803 | 1.7583 | 1.79522 | 1.90939 | 2.08773 | 2.04145 | 2.03524 | 2.06669 | 2.03975 | 2.00489 | 1.9634 | 1.91821 | 1.97052 | 1.86008 | 1.78503 | 1.72797
East Asia and the Pacific (IFC classification) | CEA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Central Europe and the Baltics | CEB | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.7492317780809519 | 0.7671024708052665 | 0.7475410976293887 | 0.751585388060561 | 0.7564209990236515 | 0.7598904353850011 | 0.7504625180405469 | 0.7418055964158232 | 0.7479876864883195 | 0.7493578353632141 | 0.7668158310107522 | 0.7750042193301135 | 0.80250639989333 | 0.8531317781531825 | 0.8975103670832241 | 0.9858422117063255 | 1.09108528691273
Europe and Central Asia (IFC classification) | CEU | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Switzerland | CHE | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.59029 |  |  |  | 2.46875 |  |  |  | 2.8151 |  |  |  | 2.87046
Channel Islands | CHI | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Chile | CHL | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.3105 | 0.37499 | 0.40957 | 0.41722
China | CHN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.56828 | 0.64473 | 0.65297 | 0.75705 | 0.90276 | 0.95069 | 1.07003 | 1.13356 | 1.22989 | 1.32476 | 1.3883 | 1.39582 | 1.46986 | 1.70198 | 1.75899 | 1.83617 | 1.98305
Cote d'Ivoire | CIV | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Latin America and the Caribbean (IFC classification) | CLA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Middle East and North Africa (IFC classification) | CME | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Cameroon | CMR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Congo, Rep. | COG | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Colombia | COL | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.29923 | 0.27366 |  |  | 0.10603 | 0.10945 | 0.11597 | 0.14043 | 0.14201 | 0.14335 | 0.14166 | 0.17053 | 0.18178 | 0.17779 | 0.18054 | 0.18297 | 0.17267
Comoros | COM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Cabo Verde | CPV | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.07264
Costa Rica | CRI | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.298 | 0.29075 | 0.2574 | 0.33172 | 0.38728 |  |  | 0.35682 | 0.37318 |  | 0.43047 | 0.36417 | 0.3984 | 0.54117 | 0.48261 | 0.47641
South Asia (IFC classification) | CSA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Caribbean small states | CSS | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Cuba | CUB | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.34736 | 0.40172 | 0.50123 | 0.45831 | 0.47865 | 0.56528 | 0.56445 | 0.58243 | 0.60231 | 0.5492 | 0.44139 | 0.43615 | 0.50061 | 0.61487 | 0.60766 | 0.27494 | 0.41934
[NAME] | CUW | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Cayman Islands | CYM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Cyprus | CYP | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.2181 | 0.23416 | 0.24324 | 0.25453 | 0.30253 | 0.34769 | 0.36755 | 0.40437 | 0.42502 | 0.4412 | 0.42439 | 0.48972 | 0.49355 | 0.49716 | 0.46726
Czech Republic | CZE | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.92328 | 1.03333 | 1.1091 | 1.10035 | 1.16699 | 1.15729 | 1.151 | 1.1996 | 1.19771 | 1.22417 | 1.29059 | 1.3654 | 1.29591 | 1.35342 | 1.3974 | 1.6413 | 1.88148
Germany | DEU | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.19565 | 2.24087 | 2.27838 | 2.4093 | 2.47223 | 2.47405 | 2.50276 | 2.53963 | 2.50339 | 2.5058 | 2.54026 | 2.53169 | 2.68945 | 2.82263 | 2.80352 | 2.89286 | 2.9191
Djibouti | DJI | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Dominica | DMA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Denmark | DNK | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.83798 | 1.92353 | 2.04476 | 2.17682 |  | 2.38718 | 2.5082 | 2.57549 | 2.48487 | 2.45645 | 2.47752 | 2.58008 | 2.8499 | 3.16039 | 3.00138 | 2.97599 | 2.98416
Dominican Republic | DOM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Algeria | DZA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.23028 | 0.3664 | 0.19623 | 0.16357 | 0.06604
East Asia & Pacific (developing only) | EAP | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.4654898309074779 | 0.5700437800697327 | 0.6356216390725803 | 0.7056656561308527 | 0.7388527540474723 | 0.8100842273868232 | 0.9240628301301007 | 1.02123366056269 | 1.122786789227498 | 1.198725958099687 | 1.269564544828705 | 1.270276835475524 | 1.435444327274832 | 1.4682425734274 | 1.729828564155574 | 1.80511039484749 | 1.98305
East Asia & Pacific (all income levels) | EAS | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.274727631543622 | 2.349355108866928 | 2.317213663373276 | 2.398322633423635 | 2.325052511635288 | 2.379961974772566 | 2.338505068613646 | 2.431607355968102 | 2.41232428286896 | 2.514074049003408 | 2.50326248496511 | 2.457528376991241 | 2.498084938581039 | 2.376561404781342 | 2.502033072216273 | 2.594374942810688
Europe & Central Asia (developing only) | ECA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.5415748730396783 | 0.623540226960357 | 0.4975853913849591 | 0.5424499573111449 | 0.5334240270818358 | 0.5884818031069402 | 0.6024389481958691 | 0.566365510482116 | 0.5644482657099428 | 0.6203999805577345 | 0.5979126194375991 | 0.6544245661653239 | 0.649447236987997 | 0.7207257174368495 | 0.7121950085435651 | 0.7068079795442259
Europe & Central Asia (all income levels) | ECS | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.723177722430385 | 1.70478810203458 | 1.674299584918345 | 1.769740650578903 | 1.749958734141142 | 1.794877636810307 | 1.765877464867562 | 1.789581275431198 | 1.766021788713813 | 1.717082904026107 | 1.724252324678144 | 1.724331570822457 | 1.808033019064939 | 1.907200943670074 | 1.865428733939827 | 1.864548715737091 | 1.94764602362621
Ecuador | ECU | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.07726 | 0.06608 | 0.06956 |  |  | 0.0515 | 0.05534 | 0.05735 |  |  | 0.12863 | 0.13194 | 0.22779
Egypt, Arab Rep. | EGY | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.2126 | 0.19756 | 0.1991 | 0.18651 | 0.19247 |  |  |  | 0.26994 | 0.24141 | 0.25903 | 0.2551 | 0.27024 | 0.23911 | 0.39781 | 0.42863
Euro area | EMU | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.790632594219119 | 1.766273706503323 | 1.797764595378216 | 1.824215138733571 | 1.866989344483463 | 1.859558753515502 | 1.901213252130922 | 1.866723397642949 | 1.84586472435855 | 1.840757634669791 | 1.864946554148604 | 1.873318415167654 | 1.994674021220427 | 2.097817308821344 | 2.104201747691187 | 2.113276458936761 | 2.139864399319919
Eritrea | ERI | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Spain | ESP | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.81352 | 0.80171 | 0.87424 | 0.86177 | 0.90791 | 0.91522 | 0.98642 | 1.04881 | 1.06333 | 1.1214 | 1.19885 | 1.26689 | 1.35149 | 1.39285 | 1.3952 | 1.35563 | 1.30142
Estonia | EST | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.57266 | 0.6832 | 0.60115 | 0.70001 | 0.71627 | 0.76689 | 0.85389 | 0.93029 | 1.12758 | 1.08061 | 1.28142 | 1.41301 | 1.61964 | 2.37073 | 2.18191
Ethiopia | ETH | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.18235 |  | 0.17393 |  |  | 0.24566
European Union | EUU | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.754235703329312 | 1.775077305419885 | 1.748287583161486 | 1.834083825698662 | 1.802756943467744 | 1.862662146330035 | 1.832892839292221 | 1.858868831078715 | 1.822443219118315 | 1.815078836450176 | 1.837581736589526 | 1.839846503243536 | 1.935090169114478 | 2.035540520797931 | 2.026189762244802 | 2.040910265904132 | 2.058625766450298
Fragile and conflict affected situations | FCS | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Finland | FIN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.52559 | 2.70524 | 2.87617 | 3.171 | 3.34552 | 3.31616 | 3.36269 | 3.43914 | 3.45016 | 3.47693 | 3.47552 | 3.47143 | 3.7007 | 3.93834 | 3.9006 | 3.79677 | 3.54823
Fiji | FJI | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
France | FRA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.2693 | 2.19441 | 2.14358 | 2.16008 | 2.15015 | 2.19901 | 2.23777 | 2.17703 | 2.15591 | 2.10865 | 2.10801 | 2.08306 | 2.12427 | 2.27149 | 2.24446 | 2.24979 | 2.26264
Faeroe Islands | FRO | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.86117
Micronesia, Fed. [NAME]. | FSM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Gabon | GAB | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.44757 | 0.50514 | 0.58087
United Kingdom | GBR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.80097 | 1.73365 | 1.73204 | 1.80402 | 1.79488 | 1.77236 | 1.77794 | 1.73249 | 1.6693 | 1.69816 | 1.71941 | 1.75061 | 1.75376 | 1.82477 | 1.77448 | 1.78145 | 1.72108
Georgia | GEO | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.33088 | 0.3424 | 0.35384 | 0.28769 | 0.2153 | 0.23848 | 0.18574 | 0.2176 | 0.2442 | 0.17658
Ghana | GHA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.23157 |  |  | 0.37655
Guinea | GIN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Gambia, The | GMB | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.02039 | 0.01748 |  | 0.13309
Guinea-Bissau | GNB | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Equatorial Guinea | GNQ | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Greece | GRC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.4562 |  | 0.60814 |  | 0.58684 |  | 0.57225 | 0.55641 | 0.59753 | 0.58604 | 0.60118 |  |  |  | 0.66712 | 0.69038
Grenada | GRD | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Greenland | GRL | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.52741 | 0.55628 | 0.55517 | 0.71581
Guatemala | GTM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.035 | 0.0493 | 0.06674 | 0.06188 | 0.0553 | 0.0435 | 0.0481
Guam | GUM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Guyana | GUY | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
High income | HIC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.195800934010538 | 2.220581355899114 | 2.22899841796909 | 2.303395685128707 | 2.364567736382846 | 2.396720780053161 | 2.335198484314267 | 2.308698482352183 | 2.255792471910766 | 2.266034212732637 | 2.285621159515841 | 2.286630319295286 | 2.371496313738719 | 2.455167788744749 | 2.438174956670138 | 2.454661489753949 | 2.329465007262287
Hong Kong SAR, China | HKG | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.4283 | 0.45767 | 0.46493 | 0.53645 | 0.58147 | 0.68027 | 0.72176 | 0.77343 | 0.79468 | 0.75161 | 0.71996 | 0.77342 | 0.74927
Honduras | HND | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.04453 | 0.03834 | 0.04181 | 0.04215 | 0.04155
Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) | HPC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Croatia | HRV | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.85166 | 1.05654 | 0.92589 | 0.96075 | 0.96492 | 1.04515 | 0.86694 | 0.74872 | 0.80221 | 0.89513 | 0.85014 | 0.75443 | 0.75787 | 0.75164
Haiti | HTI | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Hungary | HUN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.64026 | 0.71042 | 0.66745 | 0.68325 | 0.80516 | 0.93092 | 1.00161 | 0.93805 | 0.87842 | 0.9436 | 1.00505 | 0.98309 | 1.00351 | 1.16755 | 1.17003 | 1.21777 | 1.29664
Indonesia | IDN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.06769 | 0.04756 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.08332
Isle of Man | IMN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
India | IND | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.62804 | 0.67485 | 0.69166 | 0.71165 | 0.74395 | 0.72323 | 0.71316 | 0.70689 | 0.74385 | 0.81044 | 0.79722 | 0.7908 | 0.84108 | 0.81881 | 0.79718 | 0.80602
Not classified | INX | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Ireland | IRL | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.29594 | 1.26694 | 1.23574 | 1.17854 | 1.11308 | 1.0928 | 1.0984 | 1.16386 | 1.22673 | 1.24619 | 1.24844 | 1.28233 | 1.44557 | 1.68566 | 1.68853 | 1.65775 | 1.72382
Iran, Islamic Rep. | IRN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.55195 | 0.54754 | 0.67451 | 0.58742 | 0.73454 | 0.66814 |  | 0.7488
Iraq | IRQ | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.04554 | 0.03435 | 0.04562 | 0.03574 | 0.03378
Iceland | ISL | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.83361 | 2.00087 | 2.29628 | 2.66912 | 2.95168 | 2.95144 | 2.81881 |  | 2.77293 | 2.99208 | 2.68474 | 2.64604 | 2.81985 |  | 2.60487
Israel | ISR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.71121 | 2.96835 | 3.08146 | 3.51993 | 4.16784 | 4.45105 | 4.42864 | 4.16508 | 4.146 | 4.30688 | 4.22459 | 4.52323 | 4.40296 | 4.16801 | 3.96501 | 3.97351 | 3.92627
Italy | ITA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.98032 | 1.02331 | 1.04218 | 1.01624 | 1.03984 | 1.08081 | 1.12142 | 1.10064 | 1.09127 | 1.08598 | 1.12732 | 1.17304 | 1.20578 | 1.264 | 1.26458 | 1.25351 | 1.26572
Jamaica | JAM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.04959 | 0.06096
Jordan | JOR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.33696 |  |  |  |  |  | 0.4347
Japan | JPN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.76501 | 2.82761 | 2.9602 | 2.97734 | 3.00169 | 3.07448 | 3.11562 | 3.14388 | 3.1332 | 3.3087 | 3.4091 | 3.46142 | 3.46706 | 3.35734 | 3.25394 | 3.38807
Kazakhstan | KAZ | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.29337 | 0.22039 | 0.18383 | 0.18104 | 0.22009 | 0.25509 | 0.25246 | 0.24837 | 0.28361 | 0.24281 | 0.20884 | 0.21654 | 0.22924 | 0.15341 | 0.15723
Kenya | [NAME] | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.41679 |  |  | 0.97617
Kyrgyz Republic | KGZ | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.1939 | 0.21064 | 0.17992 | 0.15637 | 0.17189 | 0.1981 | 0.22272 | 0.19926 | 0.19861 | 0.23014 | 0.23425 | 0.19017 | 0.15997 | 0.15547 | 0.15633
Cambodia | KHM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.0498
Kiribati | KIR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
St. Kitts and Nevis | KNA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Korea, Rep. | KOR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.42491 | 2.48115 | 2.34178 | 2.25151 | 2.2957 | 2.47316 | 2.40446 | 2.48577 | 2.68298 | 2.79176 | 3.00918 | 3.21035 | 3.3609 | 3.56124 | 3.73781 | 4.03919
Kosovo | KSV | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Kuwait | KWT | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.20539 | 0.25795 | 0.19764 | 0.12543 | 0.17882 | 0.18001 | 0.14347 | 0.1301 | 0.10083 | 0.08478 | 0.08585 | 0.0855 | 0.1122 | 0.09759 | 0.09494
Latin America & Caribbean (developing only) | LAC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.5618439735607863 | 0.5401712291762054 | 0.5327687249039114 | 0.5454468766824933 | 0.5508059713751821 | 0.6136863806670134 | 0.6245546911375186 | 0.6756327993791317 | 0.7135341689941057 | 0.7851909610376087 | 0.8145070199561169 | 0.8350448860488491
Lao PDR | LAO | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.0371
Lebanon | LBN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Liberia | LBR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Libya | LBY | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
St. Lucia | LCA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.76588 | 0.3644
Latin America & Caribbean (all income levels) | LCN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.5558266538186669 | 0.5381695999598674 | 0.5281529382595715 | 0.5425903470345081 | 0.547851511264333 | 0.6099335779439105 | 0.6187171108821254 | 0.650941603316309 | 0.6902424598759519 | 0.7529105078053274 | 0.78777384579453 | 0.8271858927719844
Latin America and the Caribbean | LCR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Least developed countries: UN classification | LDC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Low income | LIC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
[NAME] | LIE | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
[NAME] | LKA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.18356 |  |  |  | 0.14392 |  |  |  | 0.1821 |  | 0.1742 |  | 0.11444 |  | 0.15664
Lower middle income | LMC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.4865087787200115 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.6247229996214433 |  | 0.5636340914303912
Low & middle income | LMY | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.620718277339205 | 0.6491460451820931 | 0.6995307793498287 | 0.7423449598180277 | 0.7788658443243348 | 0.8332129976333382 | 0.8771879916968135 | 0.8865278184989003 | 0.9799692161439646 | 1.079921636112212 | 1.165822192294926 | 1.241408661028748
[NAME] | LSO | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.04943 | 0.05131 | 0.06773 |  |  |  |  | 0.02951 |  | 0.01283
Lithuania | LTU | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.48914 | 0.53615 | 0.54312 | 0.50208 | 0.59018 | 0.67192 | 0.66199 | 0.6703 | 0.75393 | 0.75215 | 0.79451 | 0.81393 | 0.79842 | 0.84304 | 0.80127 | 0.91765 | 0.90166
Luxembourg | LUX | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.65421 |  |  | 1.64898 | 1.63129 | 1.55933 | 1.66155 | 1.57773 | 1.65581 | 1.74357 | 1.50524 | 1.41434 | 1.44066
Latvia | LVA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.42456 | 0.38985 | 0.41072 | 0.36366 | 0.44182 | 0.40499 | 0.41905 | 0.37808 | 0.41792 | 0.55865 | 0.69999 | 0.59493 | 0.61464 | 0.45785 | 0.60459 | 0.69631 | 0.65851
Macao SAR, China | MAC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.06554 | 0.07318 | 0.06496 | 0.05545 | 0.09033 | 0.08463 | 0.05806 | 0.1025 | 0.05954 | 0.05172 | 0.04376
St. Martin (French part) | MAF | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Morocco | MAR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.2856 |  |  | 0.63473 | 0.54955 | 0.65909 |  |  | 0.63568 |  |  |  | 0.7338
Mexico and Central America | MCA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Monaco | MCO | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.03719 | 0.03752
Moldova | MDA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.87295 | 0.80679 |  |  |  |  |  | 0.32405 | 0.34903 | 0.39865 | 0.40622 | 0.54558 | 0.53463 | 0.52557 | 0.43987 | 0.40499
Madagascar | MDG | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.22032 | 0.11044 | 0.096 | 0.11976 | 0.21821 | 0.24552 | 0.33841 | 0.22353 | 0.17555 | 0.16373 | 0.14037 | 0.1343 | 0.14616 | 0.11187 | 0.10567
Maldives | MDV | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Middle East & North Africa (all income levels) | MEA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Mexico | MEX | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.25641 | 0.28425 | 0.31297 | 0.35204 | 0.31309 | 0.33445 | 0.37724 | 0.38416 | 0.39189 | 0.40176 | 0.37266 | 0.36836 | 0.40383 | 0.43064 | 0.45592 | 0.42869
Marshall Islands | MHL | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Middle income | MIC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.6211389715516619 | 0.6499509305812426 | 0.7015406598678923 | 0.7439284453956289 | 0.7811566224472786 | 0.8374222896730074 | 0.8801723264804169 | 0.8931594871252705 | 0.9853378409678821 | 1.084640843525373 | 1.172943733016155 | 1.242742838106899
Macedonia, FYR | MKD | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.37773 | 0.4296 | 0.3451 | 0.44059 | 0.31635 | 0.25926 | 0.21906 | 0.23947 | 0.23861 | 0.20268 | 0.17463 | 0.2253 | 0.19865 | 0.21793
[NAME] | MLI | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.24915 |  |  | 0.66142
Malta | MLT | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.26036 | 0.25267 | 0.52912 | 0.5657 | 0.61592 | 0.57891 | 0.55969 | 0.54476 | 0.68136 | 0.72059 | 0.84241
Myanmar | MMR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.05985 | 0.03417 | 0.04406 | 0.11306 | 0.07144 | 0.16216
Middle East & North Africa (developing only) | MNA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Montenegro | MNE | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.79774 | 1.01872 | 0.92443 | 1.24172 | 1.14891 |  |  |  | 0.40864
Mongolia | MNG | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.16786 | 0.16643 | 0.15016 | 0.18757 | 0.26749 | 0.25173 | 0.2518 | 0.26777 | 0.23776 | 0.19121 | 0.23827 | 0.33667 | 0.30478 | 0.28335 | 0.27392
Northern Mariana Islands | MNP | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Mozambique | MOZ | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.50421 |  |  |  | 0.53299 |  | 0.17774 |  | 0.4626
Mauritania | MRT | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
[NAME] | MUS | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.27899 | 0.26178 | 0.31388 | 0.28903 | 0.36873 | 0.37377 | 0.33806 | 0.37932 | 0.37229
[NAME] | MWI | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Malaysia | MYS | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.21645 |  | 0.39789 |  | 0.469 |  | 0.65254 |  | 0.5999 |  | 0.61106 |  | 0.78847 | 1.01001 | 1.0674 | 1.06529
North America | NAC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.385003187076816 | 2.413023079457802 | 2.448800003980781 | 2.491812398961268 | 2.571657039208746 | 2.601996372268236 | 2.51649278300631 | 2.515495572775964 | 2.457141758691175 | 2.467631395740268 | 2.502574837746336 | 2.564918625052741 | 2.685117179204628 | 2.741610843501165 | 2.651896394162194 | 2.661433450517707 | 2.684695944715192
Namibia | NAM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.14441
New Caledonia | NCL | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
[NAME] | NER | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Nigeria | NGA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.21896
Nicaragua | NIC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.0651 |  |  |  |  | 0.03493
Netherlands | NLD | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.98411 | 1.98928 | 1.89505 | 1.97984 | 1.93559 | 1.93308 | 1.88021 | 1.91804 | 1.92779 | 1.90336 | 1.88351 | 1.80876 | 1.76658 | 1.81566 | 1.8562 | 2.02672 | 2.15676
High income: nonOECD | NOC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.8240408614901069 | 0.8337778416186735 | 0.8935293899764042 | 0.8607039949064924 | 0.9380208011798514
Norway | NOR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.62505 |  | 1.63804 |  | 1.59047 | 1.66024 | 1.70929 | 1.57077 | 1.50591 | 1.47902 | 1.59424 | 1.58313 | 1.75813 | 1.68061 | 1.65191 | 1.65474
Nepal | NPL | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.05439 | 0.25924 | 0.3022
New Zealand | NZL | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.06669 |  | 0.97416 |  | 1.11265 |  | 1.15985 |  | 1.12939 |  | 1.17448 |  | 1.28243 |  | 1.2709
High income: OECD | OEC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.22283019848583 | 2.251122623444952 | 2.26597395776507 | 2.336600369885184 | 2.402692634227217 | 2.434001001437267 | 2.372342828411359 | 2.360694395280402 | 2.311801077691268 | 2.33532548132171 | 2.365377885861817 | 2.374307117981296 | 2.47975048227254 | 2.554159445374482 | 2.517305511653668 | 2.55867566277236 | 2.408481725114398
OECD members | OED | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.174505731647882 | 2.194650221195539 | 2.200606102554858 | 2.2700440591339 | 2.325072166243025 | 2.357610655082656 | 2.297906574932678 | 2.291122083577588 | 2.243918256851845 | 2.259571266010618 | 2.285250607835519 | 2.29199907496457 | 2.393562198695379 | 2.475735126335562 | 2.43373456328807 | 2.46906626694273 | 2.404533568941698
Oman | OMN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.13249
Other small states | OSS | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Pakistan | PAK | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.15565 | 0.10919 | 0.1159 | 0.12828 | 0.1667 | 0.21977 |  |  | 0.43689 |  | 0.6325 |  | 0.44806 |  | 0.32902
Panama | PAN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.32834 | 0.31671 | 0.28506 | 0.28805 | 0.38398 | 0.38196 | 0.36233 | 0.33998 | 0.23979 | 0.24546 | 0.24917 | 0.19552 | 0.20851 | 0.20651 | 0.19519
Peru | PER | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.08221 | 0.09848 | 0.09591 | 0.1093 | 0.10704 | 0.10244 | 0.10353 | 0.14925
Philippines | PHL | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.13744 | 0.12994 |  | 0.11143 |  | 0.10963
Palau | PLW | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
[NAME] | PNG | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Poland | POL | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.65368 | 0.65217 | 0.66651 | 0.68959 | 0.64431 | 0.62317 | 0.55925 | 0.54061 | 0.55761 | 0.56692 | 0.55591 | 0.56708 | 0.60417 | 0.67459 | 0.7353 | 0.76477 | 0.89972
Puerto Rico | PRI | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.48946
Korea, Dem. Rep. | PRK | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Portugal | PRT | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.55619 | 0.57035 | 0.63039 | 0.68662 | 0.72778 | 0.77223 | 0.73204 | 0.71065 | 0.74364 | 0.77858 | 0.98655 | 1.1651 | 1.5031 | 1.64019 | 1.59007 | 1.52293 | 1.49533
Paraguay | PRY | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.07427 | 0.08525 | 0.07163 | 0.07266 | 0.07487 |  |  | 0.05472 |  |  | 0.05483
Pacific island small states | PSS | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
French Polynesia | PYF | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Qatar | QAT | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Romania | [NAME] | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.70543 | 0.57922 | 0.49048 | 0.40236 | 0.36575 | 0.38945 | 0.37784 | 0.386 | 0.3852 | 0.40964 | 0.45432 | 0.52339 | 0.57911 | 0.47031 | 0.46086 | 0.50059 | 0.48898
Russian Federation | RUS | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.96593 | 1.04374 | 0.95384 | 0.99624 | 1.04984 | 1.17694 | 1.24782 | 1.28603 | 1.15133 | 1.06797 | 1.07294 | 1.11611 | 1.04435 | 1.25192 | 1.1302 | 1.09396 | 1.11802
Rwanda | RWA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
South Asia | SAS | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.613107690816877 | 0.6080958671274135 | 0.6178720298715995 | 0.6408425707495696 | 0.6463490420391992 | 0.6521632646592623 | 0.6533294868252243 | 0.70689 | 0.7282121379241179 | 0.7670959621581377 | 0.7792013309099353 | 0.7734591163889649 | 0.8101922604641616 | 0.7738867798745481 | 0.7748202034626279 | 0.7573387210816631
Saudi Arabia | SAU | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.06269 | 0.05315 | 0.0423 | 0.04245 | 0.04521 | 0.04902 | 0.07338
[NAME] | SCE | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Sudan | SDN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Senegal | SEN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.36834 |  | 0.54086
Singapore | SGP | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.33535 | 1.42744 | 1.75169 | 1.84635 | 1.85105 | 2.05725 | 2.09776 | 2.04845 | 2.13241 | 2.19493 | 2.16488 | 2.36478 | 2.64338 | 2.20015 | 2.054 | 2.22947 | 2.09652
Solomon Islands | SLB | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Sierra Leone | SLE | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
El Salvador | SLV | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.08031 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.08935 | 0.11245 | 0.07744 | 0.06723 | 0.03112
[NAME] | SMR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Somalia | SOM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Serbia | SRB | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.85162 | 0.90421 | 1.04111 | 0.96561 | 0.34591 | 0.72517 | 0.56506 | 0.32004 | 0.43366 | 0.48893 | 0.36239 | 0.38481 | 0.91707 | 0.79213 | 0.77744 | 0.9868
Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only) | SSA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.5733042587672584
South Sudan | SSD | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Sub-Saharan Africa (all income levels) | SSF | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.5733042587672584
Small states | SST | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Sao Tome and Principe | STP | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Suriname | SUR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Slovak Republic | SVK | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.91051 | 1.07701 | 0.78051 | 0.65563 | 0.64797 | 0.63358 | 0.57114 | 0.57345 | 0.51193 | 0.50503 | 0.48662 | 0.45994 | 0.47344 | 0.48251 | 0.63332 | 0.67915 | 0.82315
Slovenia | SVN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.28599 | 1.26741 | 1.32899 | 1.36092 | 1.38087 | 1.49473 | 1.46527 | 1.26862 | 1.39364 | 1.43709 | 1.55811 | 1.44814 | 1.65493 | 1.8603 | 2.10624 | 2.47362 | 2.79952
Sweden | SWE | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.4675 |  | 3.58067 |  | 4.13 |  | 3.80267 | 3.57507 | 3.55914 | 3.68411 | 3.43479 | 3.69517 | 3.6167 | 3.39194 | 3.38709 | 3.40622
Swaziland | SWZ | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | SXM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Seychelles | SYC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.42788 | 0.40674 | 0.41335 | 0.34658 | 0.30209
Syrian Arab Republic | SYR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Turks and Caicos Islands | TCA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Chad | TCD | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Togo | TGO | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.25349
Thailand | THA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.11989 | 0.10166 |  | 0.25654 | 0.25202 | 0.2627 | 0.24404 | 0.26192 | 0.25535 | 0.23498 | 0.24919 | 0.21378 |  | 0.25056
Tajikistan | TJK | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.08953 | 0.07068 | 0.0689 | 0.06697 | 0.0957 | 0.10732 | 0.06778 | 0.06983 | 0.08577 | 0.08914 | 0.12148
Turkmenistan | TKM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Timor-Leste | TLS | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Tonga | TON | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Trinidad and Tobago | TTO | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.10325 | 0.11553 | 0.12715 | 0.12292 | 0.12614 | 0.11762 | 0.12933 | 0.11325 | 0.11496 | 0.09396 | 0.05526 | 0.04589 | 0.03072 | 0.05665 | 0.05137 | 0.04348
Tunisia | TUN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.30473 | 0.38748 | 0.39029 | 0.39756 | 0.4145 | 0.48194 | 0.57141 | 0.66152 | 0.90117 | 0.9171 | 0.95506 | 1.00472 | 1.0341 | 1.10218
Turkey | TUR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.45159 | 0.49169 | 0.37095 | 0.46767 | 0.47909 | 0.53779 | 0.52594 | 0.48311 | 0.51831 | 0.59104 | 0.58016 | 0.72241 | 0.72518 | 0.84902 | 0.84343 | 0.85952
Tuvalu | TUV | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Tanzania | TZA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.43442 |  |  | 0.51616
Uganda | UGA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.36756 | 0.25612 | 0.26056 | 0.21514 | 0.30033 | 0.38821 | 0.32632 | 0.41158 | 0.55794
Ukraine | UKR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.1923 | 1.06993 | 0.96968 | 0.96213 | 1.02329 | 0.9982 | 1.11179 | 1.08152 | 1.16896 | 0.94908 | 0.85319 | 0.84644 | 0.85644 | 0.83098 | 0.73662
Upper middle income | UMC | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.4653535254203547 |  | 0.5461405153873811 | 0.6531050174661053 | 0.6745493259605844 | 0.7301778009542372 | 0.7621055916481826 | 0.7972710462417633 | 0.8723402920287784 | 0.9091624023469418 | 0.9586618589104707 | 1.028777882823642 | 1.209085073938643 | 1.261540181516629 | 1.346031915619139
Uruguay | URY | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.26501 | 0.34994 | 0.19186 | 0.22417 | 0.20925 |  | 0.23818 |  |  |  | 0.35919 | 0.39948 | 0.36265 | 0.44267 | 0.40964 | 0.43051
United States | USA | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.44182 | 2.47092 | 2.49677 | 2.54041 | 2.61925 | 2.63746 | 2.54905 | 2.55253 | 2.48953 | 2.50567 | 2.54965 | 2.62644 | 2.76651 | 2.81594 | 2.73827 | 2.76264 | 2.79197
Uzbekistan | UZB | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
St. Vincent and the Grenadines | VCT | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.04296 | 0.12008
Venezuela, RB | VEN | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Virgin Islands (U.S.) | VIR | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Vietnam | VNM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.17808
[NAME] | VUT | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
West Bank and Gaza | PSE | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
World | WLD | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.011469590364134 | 2.007020976266979 | 2.021399830384189 | 2.09874298256754 | 2.098031117737524 | 2.120637044090737 | 2.08543969994945 | 2.075321583239434 | 2.028171612943393 | 2.018493598585219 | 2.027643505957341 | 1.998187332504716 | 2.069533053181446 | 2.123549716058854 | 2.115516200873714 | 2.130324614416259
Samoa | WSM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Yemen, Rep. | YEM | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
South Africa | ZAF | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.59834 |  |  |  | 0.73412 |  | 0.79232 | 0.8486 | 0.9006 | 0.93473 | 0.92373 | 0.93247 | 0.87079 | 0.7616
Congo, Dem. Rep. | COD | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.42348 | 0.09647 | 0.099 | 0.22746 | 0.13988 | 0.13019
Zambia | ZMB | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.01214 | 0.00811 |  |  |  |  | 0.00614 | 0.00957 | 0.02542 | 0.02894 |  |  | 0.34033
Zimbabwe | ZWE | Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) | GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS