1 BY ORDER OF 7 DECEMBER 1976 , WHICH WAS RECEIVED AT THE COURT REGISTRY ON 9 DECEMBER 1976 , THE COLLEGE VAN BEROEP VOOR HET BEDRIJFSLEVEN REFERRED TO THE COURT A NUMBER OF QUESTIONS UNDER ARTICLE 177 OF THE EEC TREATY CONCERNING THE INTERPRETATION OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY AND THE INTERPRETATION AND VALIDITY OF COUNCIL REGULATION ( EEC ) NO 563/76 OF 15 MARCH 1976 ON THE COMPULSORY PURCHASE OF SKIMMED-MILK POWDER HELD BY INTERVENTION AGENCIES FOR USE IN FEEDING-STUFFS ( OJ L 67 , P . 18 ).
2 THESE QUESTIONS WERE SUBMITTED IN CONNEXION WITH A DISPUTE BETWEEN AN UNDERTAKING WHICH IS AN IMPORTER OF CATTLE FEED , THE PLAINTIFF IN THE MAIN ACTION , AND THE COMPETENT NETHERLANDS AUTHORITY , THE DEFENDANT IN THE MAIN ACTION , CONCERNING THE ISSUE UNDER REGULATION ( EEC ) NO 563/76 OF A ' PROTEIN CERTIFICATE ' FOT THE FREE CIRCULATION OF A CONSIGNMENT OF IMPORTED ANIMAL FEED .
3 THE DEFENDANT IN THE MAIN ACTION REFUSED TO ISSUE SUCH A CERTIFICATE ON THE GROUND THAT THE SECURITY REQUIRED BY THE PROVISIONS OF THE REGULATION HAD NOT BEEN PROVIDED AND THE APPLICANT SOUGHT A DECLARATION THAT THE REFUSAL WAS NULL AND VOID ON THE GROUND THAT THE REGULATION ON WHICH IT IS BASED IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY .
4 REGULATION ( EEC ) NO 563/76 WAS PROMULGATED AT A TIME WHEN THE STOCKS OF SKIMMED-MILK POWDER BOUGHT IN BY THE INTERVENTION AGENCIES PURSUANT TO REGULATION ( EEC ) NO 804/68 OF THE COUNCIL OF 27 JUNE 1968 ON THE COMMON ORGANIZATION OF THE MARKET IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS ( OJ ENGLISH SPECIAL EDITION 1968 , P . 176 ) HAD REACHED CONSIDERABLE PROPORTIONS AND WERE CONTINUING TO INCREASE DESPITE THE MEASURES ADOPTED BY THE COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS TO CURB THE TENDENCY TOWARDS OVER-PRODUCTION OF MILK AND TO INCREASE THE SALE OF SKIMMED-MILK POWDER .
5 THE SYSTEM ESTABLISHED BY REGULATION ( EEC ) NO 563/76 THE APPLICATION OF WHICH WAS NOT EXTENDED BEYOND THE END OF THE ORIGINAL PERIOD OF APPLICATION , WHICH EXPIRED ON 31 OCTOBER 1976 , WAS DESIGNED TO REDUCE STOCKS THROUGH THE INCREASED USE IN FEEDING-STUFFS OF THE PROTEIN CONTAINED IN SKIMMED-MILK POWDER .
6 TO THIS END THE REGULATION MADE THE GRANT OF THE AIDS PROVIDED FOR CERTAIN VEGETABLE PROTEIN PRODUCTS AS WELL AS THE FREE CIRCULATION IN THE COMMUNITY OF CERTAIN IMPORTED ANIMAL FEED PRODUCTS SUBJECT TO THE OBLIGATION TO PURCHASE SPECIFIED QUANTITIES OF SKIMMED-MILK POWDER .
7 IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT THIS OBLIGATION WAS FULFILLED THE GRANT OF AID AND FREE CIRCULATION WERE SUBJECT TO THE PROVISION OF A SECURITY OR THE PRODUCTION , ON THE PRESCRIBED FORM , OF EVIDENCE OF THE PURCHASE AND OF THE DENATURING OF THE PRESCRIBED QUANTITIES OF SKIMMED-MILK POWDER .
8 UNDER ARTICLE 1 OF COMMISSION REGULATION ( EEC ) NO 753/76 OF 31 MARCH 1976 LAYING DOWN DETAILED RULES FOR THE SALE OF SKIMMED-MILK POWDER FOR USE IN ANIMAL FEED ( OJ L 88 , P . 1 ), SKIMMED-MILK POWDER HELD BY THE INTERVENTION AGENCIES WAS RESOLD BY THEM IN FULFILMENT OF THE OBLIGATION TO PURCHASE AT A PRICE OF 52.16 U . A . PER 100 KG , MULTIPLIED BY A COEFFICIENT WHICH , IN THE CASE OF THE NETHERLANDS , AMOUNTED TO 0.8874 .
9 THE DENATURING COSTS TO BE BORNE BY THE PURCHASER WERE BETWEEN 1 AND 3 U . A . PER 100 KG .
10 DURING THE PERIOD WHEN REGULATION ( EEC ) NO 563/76 APPLIED , THE MARKET PRICE OF SOYA OIL CAKE , A VEGETABLE PRODUCT WITH A NUTRITIONAL VALUE COMPARABLE TO THAT OF SKIMMED-MILK POWDER FOR USE IN ANIMAL FEED OTHER THAN THAT FOR YOUNG CALVES , VARIED BETWEEN 13.30 AND 20.40 U . A . PER 100 KG , THE AVERAGE BEING ABOUT 18 U . A . PER 100 KG .
11 THE COMPULSORY PURCHASE OF SKIMMED-MILK POWDER WAS , THEREFORE , IMPOSED AT A PRICE EQUAL TO ABOUT THREE TIMES ITS VALUE AS ANIMAL FEED .
12 THE SECURITY , WHICH WAS RELEASED ONLY ON PRODUCTION OF PROOF OF THE PURCHASE OF A SPECIFIED QUANTITY OF POWDERED SKIMMED MILK , WAS FIXED AT SUCH AN AMOUNT THAT , IF IT WAS FORFEITED , ITS EFFECT ON THE PRICES OF FEEDINGSTUFFS WAS SLIGHTLY MORE THAN THE INCREASE DUE TO THE PURCHASE OF POWDERED SKIMMED MILK .
13 ARTICLE 5 OF THE REGULATION LAID DOWN THAT , IN THE CASE OF CONTRACTS CONCLUDED BEFORE THE DATE OF ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE REGULATION , THE BURDEN OF THE COSTS ARISING UNDER THE ARRANGEMENTS WAS TO BE BORNE BY THE SUCCESSIVE BUYERS OF THE PRODUCTS IN QUESTION .
14 THE REGULATION DID NOT CONTAIN ANY SIMILAR PROVISION MAKING IT POSSIBLE FOR CONSUMERS OF FEEDING-STUFFS , SUCH AS BREEDERS OF POULTRY AND PIGS , TO INCORPORATE THE INCREASE IN THE PRICE OF THEIR PRODUCTS .
15 THE VALIDITY OF THESE ARRANGEMENTS HAS BEEN CONTESTED ON GROUNDS OF CONFLICT IN PARTICULAR WITH THE OBJECTIVES OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY AS DEFINED IN ARTICLE 39 OF THE TREATY , THE PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION LAID DOWN IN THE SECOND SUBPARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 40 ( 3 ) AND THE PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONALITY BETWEEN THE MEANS EMPLOYED AND THE END IN VIEW .
16 BECAUSE OF THE CLOSE CONNEXION BETWEEN THESE GROUNDS OF COMPLAINT , IT WILL BE APPROPRIATE TO CONSIDER THEM TOGETHER .
17 UNDER ARTICLE 39 , THE OBJECTIVES OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY ARE TO BE THE RATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION , THE ASSURANCE OF A FAIR STANDARD OF LIVING FOR THE WHOLE OF THE AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY , THE STABILIZATION OF MARKETS AND THE AVAILABILITY OF SUPPLIES TO CONSUMERS AT REASONABLE PRICES .
18 ALTHOUGH ARTICLE 39 THUS ENABLES THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY TO BE DEFINED IN TERMS OF A WIDE CHOICE OF MEASURES INVOLVING GUIDANCE OR INTERVENTION , THE FACT NEVERTHELESS REMAINS THAT THE SECOND SUBPARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 40 ( 3 ) PROVIDES THAT THE COMMON ORGANIZATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETS SHALL BE LIMITED TO PURSUIT OF THE OBJECTIVES SET OUT IN ARTICLE 39 .
19 FURTHERMORE , THE SAME SUBPARAGRAPH LAYS DOWN THAT THE COMMON ORGANIZATION OF THE MARKETS ' SHALL EXCLUDE ANY DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN PRODUCERS OR CONSUMERS WITHIN THE COMMUNITY ' .
20 THUS THE STATEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES CONTAINED IN ARTICLE 39 , TAKEN TOGETHER WITH THE RULES IN THE SECOND SUBPARAGRAPH OF ARTICLE 40 ( 3 ), SUPPLIES BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CRITERIA BY WHICH THE LEGALITY OF THE MEASURES ADOPTED IN THIS MATTER MAY BE APPRAISED .
21 THE ARRANGEMENTS MADE BY REGULATION ( EEC ) NO 563/76 CONSTITUTED A TEMPORARY MEASURE INTENDED TO COUNTERACT THE CONSEQUENCES OF A CHRONIC IMBALANCE IN THE COMMON ORGANIZATION OF THE MARKET IN MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS .
22 A FEATURE OF THESE ARRANGEMENTS WAS THE IMPOSITION NOT ONLY ON PRODUCERS OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS BUT ALSO , AND MORE ESPECIALLY , ON PRODUCERS IN OTHER AGRICULTURAL SECTORS OF A FINANCIAL BURDEN WHICH TOOK THE FORM , FIRST , OF THE COMPULSORY PURCHASE OF CERTAIN QUANTITIES OF AN ANIMAL FEED PRODUCT AND , SECONDLY , OF THE FIXING OF A PURCHASE PRICE FOR THAT PRODUCT AT A LEVEL THREE TIMES HIGHER THAN THAT OF THE SUBSTANCES WHICH IT REPLACED .
23 THE OBLIGATION TO PURCHASE AT SUCH A DISPROPORTIONATE PRICE CONSTITUTED A DISCRIMINATORY DISTRIBUTION OF THE BURDEN OF COSTS BETWEEN THE VARIOUS AGRICULTURAL SECTORS .
24 NOR , MOREOVER , WAS SUCH AN OBLIGATION NECESSARY IN ORDER TO ATTAIN THE OBJECTIVE IN VIEW , NAMELY , THE DISPOSAL OF STOCKS OF SKIMMED-MILK POWDER .
25 IT COULD NOT THEREFORE BE JUSTIFIED FOR THE PURPOSES OF ATTAINING THE OBJECTIVES OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY .
26 IN CONSEQUENCE , THE ANSWER MUST BE THAT COUNCIL REGULATION ( EEC ) NO 563/76 OF 15 MARCH 1976 IS NULL AND VOID .
27 IN VIEW OF THIS REPLY , THERE IS NO NEED TO CONSIDER THE QUESTIONS SUBMITTED BY THE COLLEGE VAN BEROEP IN SO FAR AS THEY REFER TO RULES OF COMMUNITY LAW OTHER THAN THOSE TREATED ABOVE .