1 BY APPLICATION LODGED AT THE COURT REGISTRY ON 6 OCTOBER 1980 , BERNARD MICHEL BROUGHT AN ACTION AGAINST THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT , ON THE ONE HAND , FOR THE ANNULMENT OF THE DECISION OF THE SELECTION BOARD FOR COMPETITION NO PE/21/A REFUSING TO ADMIT HIM TO THE TESTS FOR THE COMPETITION AND FOR THE COMPLETE ANNULMENT OF THE COMPETITION AND , ON THE OTHER HAND , FOR AN ORDER THAT THE PARLIAMENT SHOULD PAY DAMAGES FOR THE NON-MATERIAL AND MATERIAL INJURY SUSTAINED AS A RESULT OF HIS NON-ADMISSION TO THE TESTS FOR THE COMPETITION .
2 THE COMPETITION IN QUESTION WAS AN OPEN COMPETITION BASED ON QUALIFICATIONS AND TESTS ORGANIZED FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRAWING UP A RESERVE LIST FOR THE RECRUITMENT OF FRENCH-LANGUAGE AND DUTCH-LANGUAGE ADMINISTRATORS IN GRADES A 7 AND A 6 . THE NOTICE OF COMPETITION , WHICH WAS PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES OF 6 JUNE 1979 , REQUIRED A UNIVERSITY DEGREE OR EQUIVALENT EXPERIENCE AND STATED THAT ONLY THOSE CANDIDATES WOULD BE ADMITTED TO THE TESTS WHO OBTAINED THE NECESSARY NUMBER OF MARKS WHEN THE SELECTION BOARD , AFTER DECIDING UPON THE CRITERIA FOR SELECTION , PROCEEDED TO ASSESS THEIR QUALIFICATIONS .
3 THE APPLICANT SUBMITTED AN APPLICATION FOR THE COMPETITION , FOR WHICH A TOTAL OF 2 140 CANDIDATES ENTERED . IT WAS CLEAR FROM HIS APPLICATION THAT SINCE 1975 HE HAD BEEN AN OFFICIAL OF THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES IN CATEGORY B AFTER WORKING FOR NINE YEARS IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR , THAT HE HELD A DEGREE IN COMMERCIAL AND CONSULAR SCIENCES AND WAS AN AGREGE DE L ' ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR POUR LES SCIENCES COMMERCIALES , QUALIFICATIONS WHICH HE HAD OBTAINED IN 1977 AT THE INSTITUT D ' ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR LUCIEN COOREMANS , IN BRUSSELS , AND THAT FROM 1978 TO 1979 HE HAD ATTENDED COURSES AT THE INSTITUT D ' ETUDES EUROPEENNES IN BRUSSELS .
4 ALTHOUGH HE FULFILLED THE CONDITIONS FOR ADMISSION TO THE COMPETITION , MR MICHEL ' S APPLICATION - LIKE THOSE OF 1 455 OUT OF 1 740 CANDIDATES WHO SATISFIED THOSE CONDITIONS - WAS REJECTED AT THE STAGE OF THE SELECTION ON THE BASIS OF QUALIFICATIONS , BECAUSE THE SELECTION BOARD DID NOT AWARD HIM THE REQUIRED NUMBER OF MARKS . THE APPLICANT WAS INFORMED OF THAT DECISION BY A LETTER DATED 21 FEBRUARY 1980 FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SELECTION BOARD . IT WAS A STANDARD LETTER IDENTICAL IN WORDING TO THOSE SENT TO ALL THE CANDIDATES WHO WERE NOT ADMITTED TO THE TESTS .
5 BY A REGISTERED LETTER OF 2 JUNE 1980 , WHICH WAS RECORDED BY THE PARLIAMENT ' S MAIL DEPARTMENT ON 4 JUNE 1980 , THE APPLICANT LODGED A COMPLAINT PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 90 ( 2 ) OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS AGAINST THE REFUSAL TO ADMIT HIM TO THE TESTS FOR THE COMPETITION IN QUESTION . SINCE HE RECEIVED NO REPLY TO THAT COMPLAINT , HE BROUGHT THIS ACTION . ADMISSIBILITY
6 THE PARLIAMENT FIRST RAISED AN OBJECTION OF INADMISSIBILITY , CONTENDING THAT THE APPLICANT HAD FAILED TO COMPLY WITH THE TIME-LIMITS LAID DOWN BY ARTICLES 90 AND 91 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS .
7 THE APPLICATION IN THIS CASE CONCERNS THE DECISION OF A SELECTION BOARD AND IT WAS THEREFORE UNNECESSARY FOR THE PURPOSES OF ADMISSIBILITY THAT IT SHOULD HAVE BEEN PRECEDED BY THE SUBMISSION OF A COMPLAINT . HOWEVER , SINCE THE APPLICANT AVAILED HIMSELF OF THE RIGHT CONFERRED BY ARTICLE 90 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS TO BRING THE MATTER FIRST TO THE ATTENTION OF THE APPOINTING AUTHORITY , HIS APPLICATION IS ADMISSIBLE UNDER ARTICLE 91 ( 2 ) AND ( 3 ) OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS ON CONDITION THAT THE COMPLAINT ADDRESSED TO THE APPOINTING AUTHORITY WAS LODGED WITHIN THE PERIOD LAID DOWN BY ARTICLE 90 ( 2 ) OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS . THAT THREE-MONTH PERIOD STARTS TO RUN ON THE DATE OF NOTIFICATION OF THE DECISION TO THE PERSON CONCERNED , BUT IN ANY CASE NO LATER THAN THE DATE ON WHICH THE LATTER RECEIVED SUCH NOTIFICATION , IF THE MEASURE AFFECTS A SPECIFIED PERSON .
8 IT SHOULD BE MENTIONED THAT THE DATE ON WHICH THE UNREGISTERED LETTER OF 21 FEBRUARY 1980 FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SELECTION BOARD ARRIVED AT THE APPLICANT ' S ADDRESS IN BRUSSELS HAS NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED . HOWEVER , IN HIS LETTER OF 2 JUNE 1980 CONTAINING THE COMPLAINT THE APPLICANT STATED THAT HE HAD RECEIVED IT ON 3 MARCH 1980 . IT IS ESTABLISHED THAT THE COMPLAINT , CONTAINED IN A REGISTERED LETTER POSTED IN BRUSSELS ON 2 JUNE 1980 , WAS DELIVERED TO THE PARLIAMENT ' S MAIL DEPARTMENT ON 3 JUNE 1980 , EVEN THOUGH IT WAS NOT RECORDED THERE UNTIL 4 JUNE 1980 .
9 THE PARLIAMENT SUBMITS THAT THE PERIOD FOR LODGING A COMPLAINT BEGAN TO RUN AT THE LATEST ON 25 FEBRUARY 1980 BECAUSE IT MAY BE ASSUMED THAT THE LETTER OF 21 FEBRUARY 1980 FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SELECTION BOARD , WHICH HAD BEEN POSTED IN LUXEMBOURG ON THE SAME DAY , WAS DELIVERED TO THE APPLICANT ' S ADDRESS IN BRUSSELS NO LATER THAN ON THE FOLLOWING MONDAY , THAT IS TO SAY ON 25 FEBRUARY 1980 , AS THE APPLICANT HAS PUT FORWARD NO REASON FOR THE ALLEGED LATE RECEIPT OF THE LETTER .
10 THE APPLICANT MAINTAINS , HOWEVER , THAT HE DID NOT RECEIVE THE LETTER OF 21 FEBRUARY 1980 UNTIL 3 MARCH 1980 AND THAT THEREFORE THE PERIOD FOR LODGING A COMPLAINT BEGAN TO RUN ON THAT DATE .
11 THE PARLIAMENT , FOR ITS PART , HAS ADDUCED NO EVIDENCE TO PROVE THAT THE LETTER OF 21 FEBRUARY 1980 REACHED THE APPLICANT BEFORE THE DATE ON WHICH HE CLAIMS TO HAVE RECEIVED IT AND NOTED ITS CONTENTS . THE ADDRESSEE OF AN UNREGISTERED LETTER IS NOT REQUIRED TO SHOW THE REASONS FOR ANY DELAY IN ITS DELIVERY .
12 CONSEQUENTLY , IT IS EVIDENT THAT THE PERIOD LAID DOWN BY ARTICLE 90 ( 2 ) OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS BEGAN TO RUN ON 3 MARCH 1980 AND THAT THE COMPLAINT HAD TO BE LODGED NO LATER THAN 3 JUNE 1980 .
13 THE COMPLAINT REACHED THE PARLIAMENT ON 3 JUNE 1980 . IT WAS THEREFORE LODGED BEFORE THE EXPIRATION OF THE PRESCRIBED PERIOD .
14 IT FOLLOWS THAT THE OBJECTION BASED ON A FAILURE TO ADHERE TO THE PERIODS LAID DOWN BY ARTICLES 90 AND 91 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS IS UNFOUNDED .
15 THE PARLIAMENT MAINTAINS FURTHER , IN ORDER TO CONTEST THE ADMISSIBILITY OF THE APPLICATION , THAT THE APPLICANT HAS NO INTEREST IN BRINGING THE ACTION BECAUSE THE TESTS FOR THE COMPETITION HAVE ALREADY BEEN HELD .
16 HOWEVER , IF THE SELECTION BOARD ' S DECISION REFUSING TO ADMIT THE APPLICANT TO THE TESTS IS ANNULLED , THE PARLIAMENT WILL BE REQUIRED UNDER ARTICLE 176 OF THE EEC TREATY TO TAKE THE NECESSARY MEASURES TO COMPLY WITH THIS JUDGMENT . CONSEQUENTLY , THE APPLICANT ' S INTEREST IN BRINGING THE ACTION CANNOT BE CONTESTED .
17 IT FOLLOWS FROM ALL THE ABOVE CONSIDERATIONS THAT THE APPLICATION IS ADMISSIBLE . SUBSTANCE
18 THE APPLICANT CLAIMS FIRST THAT THE SELECTION BOARD ' S DECISION NOT TO ADMIT HIM TO THE TESTS FOR THE COMPETITION IS NULL AND VOID BECAUSE IT INFRINGES AN ESSENTIAL PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENT INASMUCH AS IT FAILS TO SET OUT ADEQUATELY THE REASONS ON WHICH IT IS BASED .
19 IN THAT REGARD , IT SHOULD BE MENTIONED THAT THE LETTER OF 21 FEBRUARY 1980 INFORMED THE APPLICANT THAT CANDIDATES HAD BEEN SELECTED FOR ADMISSION TO THE TESTS BY THE AWARD OF MARKS FOR THEIR QUALIFICATIONS ON THE BASIS OF THE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS SUPPLIED , THAT IN THE AWARD OF THOSE MARKS ACCOUNT HAD BEEN TAKEN OF UNIVERSITY QUALIFICATIONS OBTAINED , OF THEIR NATURE AND LEVEL , OF PERIODS OF POST-GRADUATE TRAINING AND OF APPROPRIATE PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE ACQUIRED , AND THAT AFTER THE MARKS HAD BEEN AWARDED THE APPLICANT HAD NOT OBTAINED THE REQUIRED MINIMUM OF 24 MARKS . IT WAS STATED IN THAT LETTER THAT THE SELECTION BOARD WOULD REPLY TO ANY REQUEST FOR FURTHER EXPLANATION OF THAT SELECTION . THE APPLICANT SENT SUCH A REQUEST TO THE SELECTION BOARD AND THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SELECTION BOARD INFORMED HIM BY A LETTER DATED 9 JUNE 1980 THAT HE HAD NOT BEEN ADMITTED TO THE TESTS BECAUSE OF THE INADEQUACY OF THE PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE TO WHICH HE HAD REFERRED IN HIS APPLICATION AND THAT SINCE THE CHAIRMAN WAS BOUND TO RESPECT THE CONFIDENTIALITY OF THE SELECTION BOARD ' S DELIBERATIONS , HE WAS UNABLE TO GIVE HIM ANY FURTHER INFORMATION .
20 IT EMERGES FROM THE REASONED REPORT DRAWN UP BY THE SELECTION BOARD , AN EXTRACT OF WHICH WAS SUBMITTED BY THE PARLIAMENT AS AN ANNEX TO ITS DEFENCE , THAT THE SELECTION BOARD DECIDED AS A GENERAL PRINCIPLE TO ADMIT TO THE STAGE OF THE TESTS ONLY THOSE CANDIDATES WHO COULD DEMONSTRATE THAT THEY HAD ' ' THE RECORD OF AN ' OUTSTANDING YOUNG UNIVERSITY GRADUATE ' AND IN ADDITION A CERTAIN MINIMUM OF SPECIALIZATION , WORK OR PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE ' ' AND THAT FOR THAT PURPOSE THE SELECTION BOARD ADOPTED THE CRITERIA OF AWARDING A MAXIMUM OF 22 MARKS FOR A UNIVERSITY FIRST DEGREE , BETWEEN 1 AND 3 MARKS FOR FURTHER UNIVERSITY QUALIFICATIONS , BETWEEN 1 AND 3 MARKS FOR SPECIAL POST-GRADUATE COURSES , PERIODS OF PRACTICAL TRAINING , SIMILAR EXPERIENCE WITH A EUROPEAN ASPECT OR HAVING BEEN PLACED ON THE LIST OF SUITABLE CANDIDATES IN COMPETITIONS FOR CATEGORY A OFFICIALS ORGANIZED BY THE COMMUNITIES , AND BETWEEN 1 AND 12 MARKS FOR PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE . THE REPORT STATED WITH REGARD TO THE LAST-MENTIONED CRITERION THAT THE FOLLOWING EXPERIENCE WAS REQUIRED : ' ' EXPERIENCE AT EXECUTIVE LEVEL ( JUNIOR ADMINISTRATOR ) IN THE PUBLIC OR PRIVATE SECTOR , SIMILAR EXPERIENCE OR TEACHING EXPERIENCE AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL ONLY ( IN THE CASE OF EMPLOYMENT BY THE COMMUNITIES : GRADE B 1 AND ABOVE AND ALL THE L/A GRADES ); EXPERIENCE IN A FIELD RELATED TO THE WORK OF THE INSTITUTION ' ' . ACCORDING TO THE REPORT , THE SELECTION BOARD AWARDED THE APPLICANT 22 MARKS FOR HIS UNIVERSITY FIRST DEGREES BUT NO MARKS FOR THE OTHER CRITERIA .
21 THE PARLIAMENT CLAIMS FIRST THAT THE APPLICANT HAS NO INTEREST IN ADHERING TO HIS SUBMISSION RELATING TO THE LACK OF A STATEMENT OF REASONS BECAUSE HE HAS MEANWHILE RECEIVED A STATEMENT OF THE REASONS ON WHICH THE DECISION WAS BASED . THE PARLIAMENT ' S ARGUMENT AMOUNTS IN SUBSTANCE TO AN ASSERTION THAT ANY FAILURE WHICH THERE MAY HAVE BEEN TO STATE THE REASONS ON WHICH THE DECISION WAS BASED HAS BEEN SUBSEQUENTLY REMEDIED BY THE FACT THAT THE APPLICANT HAS LEARNT THE REASONS FOR THE REFUSAL TO ADMIT HIM TO THE TESTS DURING THE PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT .
22 HOWEVER , IT MUST BE REMEMBERED IN THAT REGARD THAT THE REQUIREMENT THAT A DECISION ADVERSELY AFFECTING A PERSON SHOULD STATE THE REASONS ON WHICH IT IS BASED IS INTENDED TO ENABLE THE COURT TO REVIEW THE LEGALITY OF THE DECISION AND TO PROVIDE THE PERSON CONCERNED WITH DETAILS SUFFICIENT TO ALLOW HIM TO ASCERTAIN WHETHER THE DECISION IS WELL FOUNDED OR WHETHER IT IS VITIATED BY AN ERROR WHICH WILL ALLOW ITS LEGALITY TO BE CONTESTED . IT FOLLOWS THAT THE STATEMENT OF REASONS MUST IN PRINCIPLE BE NOTIFIED TO THE PERSON CONCERNED AT THE SAME TIME AS THE DECISION ADVERSELY AFFECTING HIM AND THAT A FAILURE TO STATE THE REASONS CANNOT BE REMEDIED BY THE FACT THAT THE PERSON CONCERNED LEARNS THE REASONS FOR THE DECISION DURING THE PROCEEDINGS BEFORE THE COURT .
23 THE PARLIAMENT MAINTAINS NEXT THAT THE STATEMENT OF REASONS WHICH THE APPLICANT RECEIVED IN THE LETTER OF 21 FEBRUARY 1980 AND , IN ANY EVENT , IN THE LETTER OF 9 JUNE 1980 , SATISFIED ALL THE REQUIREMENTS .
24 IT MUST BE EMPHASIZED FIRST THAT THE SECRECY OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SELECTION BOARD PRESCRIBED BY ARTICLE 6 OF ANNEX III TO THE STAFF REGULATIONS OF OFFICIALS CANNOT ABSOLVE A SELECTION BOARD FROM ITS OBLIGATION TO INFORM A CANDIDATE WHO IS REJECTED AT THE STAGE OF THE SELECTION ON THE BASIS OF QUALIFICATIONS OF THE REASONS FOR THAT DECISION , AT LEAST IN SUMMARIZED FORM .
25 THAT REQUIREMENT TO GIVE A STATEMENT OF REASONS MUST HOWEVER BE EVALUATED HAVING REGARD TO THE DIFFERENT LEVELS AND TYPES OF COMPETITION AND , MORE PARTICULARLY , TO THE NUMBER OF CANDIDATES COMPETING IN EACH OF THEM . IN THE CASE OF COMPETITIONS SUCH AS THE PRESENT , WHERE THE CANDIDATES ARE MORE NUMEROUS , THE STATEMENT OF THE REASONS FOR THE REJECTION OF APPLICATIONS MUST NOT BE SO VOLUMINOUS AS TO PLACE AN INTOLERABLE BURDEN ON THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SELECTION BOARDS AND THE WORK OF THE PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION .
26 WHILST THE LETTER OF 21 FEBRUARY 1980 CERTAINLY INFORMED THE APPLICANT , AT LEAST IN SUMMARIZED FORM , OF THE CRITERIA TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN MAKING THE SELECTION ON THE BASIS OF QUALIFICATIONS , IT CONTAINED NO DETAILS , EVEN IN SUMMARY FORM , OF THE REASONS FOR THE INDIVIDUAL DECISION AND DID NOT EVEN INFORM THE APPLICANT OF THE CRITERIA IN RESPECT OF WHICH HIS QUALIFICATIONS HAD BEEN REGARDED AS INADEQUATE . THE CONTENTS OF THAT LETTER CANNOT THEREFORE SATISFY THE REQUIREMENT TO STATE THE REASONS ON WHICH THE DECISION WAS BASED .
27 IN ORDER TO MAKE ALLOWANCE FOR THE PRACTICAL DIFFICULTIES CONFRONTING A SELECTION BOARD FOR A COMPETITION FOR WHICH THERE IS A VERY LARGE NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS , IT MAY BE ACCEPTED THAT THE SELECTION BOARD MAY INITIALLY SEND TO CANDIDATES MERELY INFORMATION ON THE CRITERIA FOR SELECTION AND THE RESULT THEREOF , SUCH AS THAT CONTAINED IN THIS CASE IN THE LETTER OF 21 FEBRUARY 1980 , AND NOT GIVE INDIVIDUAL EXPLANATIONS UNTIL LATER AND TO THOSE CANDIDATES WHO EXPRESSLY REQUEST THEM , ON CONDITION , HOWEVER , THAT THOSE INDIVIDUAL DETAILS ARE SENT BY THE SELECTION BOARD BEFORE THE EXPIRY OF THE PERIOD LAID DOWN BY ARTICLES 90 AND 91 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS , SO THAT THE RECIPIENTS MAY , IF THEY THINK FIT , AVAIL THEMSELVES OF THEIR RIGHTS .
28 IT FOLLOWS THAT THE SUBMISSION RELATING TO THE LACK OF A STATEMENT OF REASONS IS WELL FOUNDED AND THERE IS NO NEED IN THAT CONNECTION TO CONSIDER THE CONTENTS OF THE LETTER OF 9 JUNE 1980 FROM THE CHAIRMAN OF THE SELECTION BOARD .
29 IT MUST THEREFORE BE CONCLUDED THAT IN THIS CASE THE SELECTION BOARD ' S REFUSAL DID NOT ADEQUATELY STATE THE REASONS ON WHICH IT WAS BASED .
30 IN HIS REPLY , THE APPLICANT ALSO CLAIMED THAT THE PARLIAMENT ENCOURAGED A LARGE NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS ON THE BASIS OF MISLEADING AND FALLACIOUS PROMISES WHICH COULD NOT BE FULFILLED AND THAT THAT JUSTIFIED THE ANNULMENT OF THE ENTIRE COMPETITION .
31 HOWEVER , THE APPLICANT HAS PUT FORWARD NO SERIOUS CONSIDERATION WHICH WOULD SUPPORT SUCH AN ALLEGATION . IT IS THEREFORE UNNECESSARY TO DECIDE WHETHER THE APPLICANT IS ENTITLED TO PUT FORWARD IN HIS REPLY FRESH CONCLUSIONS OF THAT NATURE SUPPORTED BY A FURTHER SUBMISSION .
32 THE APPLICANT ALSO CLAIMED THAT THE PARLIAMENT SHOULD BE ORDERED TO PAY DAMAGES AS COMPENSATION FOR THE INJURY SUSTAINED AS A RESULT OF THE REFUSAL TO ADMIT HIM TO THE TESTS FOR THE COMPETITION .
33 HOWEVER , ON THE BASIS OF THE DOCUMENTS AT PRESENT BEFORE THE COURT IT CANNOT BE STATED POSITIVELY EITHER THAT THE APPLICANT SHOULD HAVE BEEN ADMITTED TO THE TESTS OR THAT HE WAS CERTAIN SUBSEQUENTLY TO BE PLACED ON THE LIST OF SUITABLE CANDIDATES AND TO BE APPOINTED TO A VACANT POST . THE APPLICANT HAS THEREFORE ADDUCED NO EVIDENCE OF SUCH A NATURE AS TO PROVE THAT HE HAS ACTUALLY SUSTAINED MATERIAL OR NON-MATERIAL DAMAGE .
34 IT FOLLOWS FROM THE FOREGOING THAT THE CONTESTED DECISION OF THE SELECTION BOARD NOT TO ADMIT THE APPLICANT TO THE TESTS MUST BE ANNULLED AND THAT THE REMAINDER OF THE APPLICATION MUST BE DISMISSED .