1 By order of 25 April 1988, which was received at the Court on 24 May 1988, Cwmbran Magistrates' Court, United Kingdom, referred to the Court for a preliminary ruling under Article 177 of the EEC Treaty three questions on the interpretation of Articles 30 and 36 of the EEC Treaty in order to assess the compatibility with those provisions of national rules prohibiting trading on Sunday .
2 The questions were raised in proceedings between Torfaen Borough Council ( hereinafter referred to as "the Council ") and B & Q plc, formerly B & Q ( Retail ) Limited ( hereinafter referred to as "B & Q "), which operates do-it-yourself centres and garden centres .
3 The Council alleges that B & Q contravened Sections 47 and 59 of the United Kingdom Shops Act 1950 by causing its retail shop premises to be open for the serving of customers on Sunday other than for the transactions mentioned in the Fifth Schedule to that Act . B & Q is therefore liable to a maximum fine of UKL 1 000 .
4 The Fifth Schedule to the Shops Act lists the items which, by way of exception, may be sold in shops on Sundays . Those items include intoxicating liquors, certain foodstuffs, tobacco, newspapers and other products of everyday consumption .
5 Before the national court, B & Q submitted that Section 47 of the Shops Act was a measure having an effect equivalent to a quantitative restriction on imports within the meaning of Article 30 of the EEC Treaty and that it was not justified under Article 36 of the EEC Treaty or by virtue of any "mandatory requirement ".
6 The Council denied that the ban on Sunday trading constituted a measure having an effect equivalent to a quantitative restriction on the ground that it applied to domestic and imported products alike and did not put imported products at any disadvantage .
7 The national court found that in the instant case the ban on Sunday trading had the effect of reducing B & Q' s total sales, that approximately 10% of the goods sold by B & Q came from other Member States and that a corresponding reduction of imports from other Member States would therefore ensue .
8 Having reached those findings, the national court took the view that the case raised questions concerning the interpretation of Community law . It therefore requested the Court to give a preliminary ruling on the following questions : "( 1)Where a Member State prohibits retail premises from being open on Sunday for the sale of goods to customers, save in respect of certain specified items, sales of which are permitted, and where the effect of the prohibition is to reduce in absolute terms the sales of goods in those premises, including goods manufactured in other Member States, and correspondingly to reduce the volume of imports of goods from other Member States, is such a prohibition a measure having equivalent effect to a quantitative restriction on imports within the meaning of Article 30 of the Treaty? ( 2)If the answer to Question 1 is in the affirmative, does such a measure benefit from any of the exceptions to Article 30 contained in Article 36, or from any other exception recognized by Community law? ( 3)Is the answer to Question 1 or Question 2 above affected by any factor so as to render the measure in question a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between Member States or a measure lacking in proportionality or otherwise unjustified?"
9 Reference is made to the Report for the Hearing for a fuller account of the legal background to, and the facts of, the main proceedings, the course of the procedure and the written observations submitted to the Court, which are mentioned or discussed hereinafter only in so far as is necessary for the reasoning of the Court . The first question
10 By its first question the national court seeks to establish whether the concept of measures having an effect equivalent to quantitative restrictions within the meaning of Article 30 of the Treaty also covers provisions prohibiting retailers from opening their premises on Sunday if the effect of the prohibition is to reduce in absolute terms the sales of goods in those premises, including goods imported from other Member States .
11 The first point which must be made is that national rules prohibiting retailers from opening their premises on Sunday apply to imported and domestic products alike . In principle, the marketing of products imported from other Member States is not therefore made more difficult than the marketing of domestic products .
12 Next, it must be recalled that in its judgment of 11 July 1985 in Joined Cases 60 and 61/84 Cinéthèque SA and Others v Fédération nationale des cinémas français (( 1985 )) ECR 2618, the Court held, with regard to a prohibition of the hiring of video-cassettes applicable to domestic and imported products alike, that such a prohibition was not compatible with the principle of the free movement of goods provided for in the Treaty unless any obstacle to Community trade thereby created did not exceed what was necessary in order to ensure the attainment of the objective in view and unless that objective was justified with regard to Community law .
13 In those circumstances it is therefore necessary in a case such as this to consider first of all whether rules such as those at issue pursue an aim which is justified with regard to Community law . As far as that question is concerned, the Court has already stated in its judgment of 14 July 1981 in Case 155/80 Oebel (( 1981 )) ECR 1993 that national rules governing the hours of work, delivery and sale in the bread and confectionery industry constitute a legitimate part of economic and social policy, consistent with the objectives of public interest pursued by the Treaty .
14 The same consideration must apply as regards national rules governing the opening hours of retail premises . Such rules reflect certain political and economic choices in so far as their purpose is to ensure that working and non-working hours are so arranged as to accord with national or regional socio-cultural characteristics, and that, in the present state of Community law, is a matter for the Member States . Furthermore, such rules are not designed to govern the patterns of trade between Member States .
15 Secondly, it is necessary to ascertain whether the effects of such national rules exceed what is necessary to achieve the aim in view . As is indicated in Article 3 of Commission Directive 70/50/EEC of 22 December 1969 ( Official Journal, English Special Edition 1970 ( I ), p . 17 ), the prohibition laid down in Article 30 covers national measures governing the marketing of products where the restrictive effect of such measures on the free movement of goods exceeds the effects intrinsic to trade rules .
16 The question whether the effects of specific national rules do in fact remain within that limit is a question of fact to be determined by the national court .
17 The reply to the first question must therefore be that Article 30 of the Treaty must be interpreted as meaning that the prohibition which it lays down does not apply to national rules prohibiting retailers from opening their premises on Sunday where the restrictive effects on Community trade which may result therefrom do not exceed the effects intrinsic to rules of that kind . The second and third questions
18 In the light of the reply given to the first question, it is unnecessary to answer the second and third questions .