1 BY APPLICATIONS LODGED AT THE COURT REGISTRY ON 28 OCTOBER 1980 MAURICE ANDRE AND 17 OTHER OFFICIALS OF THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES BROUGHT ACTIONS UNDER ARTICLE 179 OF THE EEC TREATY FOR THE ANNULMENT OF COUNCIL REGULATION NO 160/80 OF 21 JANUARY 1980 AMENDING THE STAFF REGULATIONS OF OFFICIALS AND THE CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT OF OTHER SERVANTS OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL L 20 , P . 1 ), OF COUNCIL REGULATION NO 161/80 OF 21 JANUARY 1980 ADJUSTING THE REMUNERATION AND PENSIONS OF OFFICIALS AND OTHER SERVANTS OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES AND THE WEIGHTINGS APPLIED THERETO ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL L 20 , P . 5 ) AND THE CALCULATION OF THEIR SALARY AS EFFECTED PURSUANT TO THOSE TWO MEASURES .
2 THE COMMISSION RAISED AN OBJECTION OF INADMISSIBILITY IN SO FAR AS THOSE ACTIONS SOUGHT THE ANNULMENT OF REGULATIONS NOS 160 AND 161/80 AND RELIED INTER ALIA ON THE JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF 26 FEBRUARY 1981 IN CASE 64/80 GIUFFRIDA AND CAMPOGRANDE V COUNCIL ( 1981 ) ECR 693 .
3 THAT OBJECTION MUST BE UPHELD PURSUANT TO THE AFOREMENTIONED JUDGMENT IN SO FAR AS IT RELATES TO THE ANNULMENT AS SUCH OF THE TWO REGULATIONS AT ISSUE . HOWEVER , ALTHOUGH IT IS TRUE THAT THE APPLICATIONS ARE NOT CLEAR IN THAT RESPECT , THERE ARE FACTORS INDICATING THAT THEY REFERRED TO THE APPLICATION OF THE TWO REGULATIONS TO THE INDIVIDUAL CASES OF THE APPLICANTS BY DECISIONS RELATING TO THE CALCULATION OF THEIR SALARIES . THE APPLICATIONS MUST THEREFORE BE REGARDED AS SEEKING THE ANNULMENT OF THOSE INDIVIDUAL DECISIONS WHILST AT THE SAME TIME CHALLENGING THE VALIDITY OF REGULATIONS NOS 160 AND 161/80 BY MEANS OF AN OBJECTION OF ILLEGALITY .
4 IN THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES IT IS NECESSARY TO CONSIDER THE SUBSTANCE OF THE APPLICATIONS .
5 FIRST OF ALL THE APPLICANTS CONSIDER THAT THE COUNCIL IN ADOPTING THE CONTESTED REGULATIONS COMMITTED A BREACH OF THE PRINCIPLE PATERE LEGEM QUAM IPSE FECISTI . IN INCORPORATING THE WEIGHTING INTO THE SALARY SCALES OF OFFICIALS THE COUNCIL HAD BEEN DULY ALERTED BY THE STAFF REPRESENTATIVES TO THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE SYSTEM WHICH IT INTENDED TO APPLY . IN NEVERTHELESS PROCEEDING AS IT DID THE COUNCIL MUST , IT IS CLAIMED , ACCEPT THE CONSEQUENCES OF ITS CHOICE AND IS NOT ENTITLED TO ESCAPE THE OBLIGATIONS RAISING THEREFROM .
6 THE INCORPORATION OF THE WEIGHTING INTO THE BASIC SALARY SCALES LAID DOWN BY THE STAFF REGULATIONS WAS DECIDED UPON BY THE COUNCIL ON 29 JUNE 1976 AS PART OF A NEW METHOD OF ADJUSTING THE REMUNERATION OF OFFICIALS . THE INCORPORATION WAS EFFECTED BY COUNCIL REGULATION NO 3177/76 OF 21 DECEMBER 1976 ADJUSTING THE REMUNERATION AND PENSIONS OF OFFICIALS AND OTHER SERVANTS OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES AND THE WEIGHTINGS APPLIED THERETO ( OFFICIAL JOURNAL , L 359 , P . 1).THE REGULATION INTRODUCED NEW SCALES WITH EFFECT FROM 1 JANUARY 1977 AND REDUCED THE WEIGHTING FOR BELGIUM AND LUXEMBOURG , WHICH HAD BEEN 157.8 FROM 1 JULY 1976 , TO 100 .
7 THE COMMISSION INFERS FROM THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES THAT THE COUNCIL INTENDED AT THE TIME TO REDUCE TO 100 THE WEIGHTING FOR BELGIUM AND LUXEMBOURG IN ORDER TO GIVE THE WEIGHTINGS BACK THEIR TRUE FUNCTION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 64 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS , NAMELY TO COMPENSATE FOR THE DIFFERENCES IN THE COST OF LIVING IN THE VARIOUS PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT . ALTHOUGH THAT OPERATION GAVE RISE TO SOME DISTORTIONS DUE IN PARTICULAR TO THE FACT THAT THE INCREASE IN THE SCALE INTENDED TO NEUTRALIZE THE INCREASE IN TAX RESULTING FROM THE INCORPORATION OF THE WEIGHTING WAS CALCULATED ON THE BASIS OF THE POSITION OF AN UNMARRIED OFFICIAL NOT IN RECEIPT OF THE VARIOUS ALLOWANCES , THE DISTORTIONS WERE ONLY SECONDARY EFFECTS AND NOT INTENDED BY THE REFORM IN QUESTION .
8 THE COMMISSION ADDS THAT THE COUNCIL WAS AWARE OF THE RISKS INVOLVED IN THE NEW METHOD ; THE DECISION OF 29 JUNE 1976 LAYING DOWN THE METHOD INCLUDES A REVIEW CLAUSE FOR DETERMINING POSSIBLE SUBSEQUENT IMPROVEMENTS AND ' ' RECTIFYING ANY DISTORTIONS ' ' . HOWEVER , THE COUNCIL WAS SURPRISED BY THE EXTENT OF THE INCREASES RECEIVED BY CERTAIN OFFICIALS . THE COMMISSION POINTS OUT THAT REGULATION NO 160/80 EFFECTIVELY RECTIFIED THE DISTORTIONS BY AMENDING THE SCALE OF REMUNERATION AND PROVIDING THAT THE ' ' REVISED ' ' SCALE SHOULD HENCEFORTH SERVE AS THE BASIS FOR THE CALCULATION OF ADJUSTMENTS IN FUTURE REMUNERATION .
9 THE COMMISSION ' S ARGUMENTS MUST BE ACCEPTED . IT IN NO WAY FOLLOWS FROM THE DECISIONS AND REGULATIONS PRIOR TO THE REGULATIONS AT ISSUE THAT THE COUNCIL AS PART OF THE METHOD FOR ADJUSTING REMUNERATION SELECTED IN 1976 INTENDED TO FAVOUR CERTAIN OFFICIALS AS AGAINST OTHERS RATHER THAN TO REGULATE THE INCORPORATION OF THE WEIGHTING IN THE SCALE IN A WAY WHICH WOULD REQUIRE SUBSEQUENT RECTIFICATION OF CERTAIN DISTORTIONS .
10 IN ADDITION THE APPLICANTS ' ARGUMENT DISREGARDS THE FACT THAT THE COUNCIL INSERTED A REVIEW CLAUSE IN THE DECISION OF 1976 RELATING IN PARTICULAR TO DISTORTIONS LIKELY TO ARISE FROM THE INCORPORATION OF THE WEIGHTING IN THE SCALE .
11 FOR THOSE REASONS THE COMPLAINTS OF INFRINGEMENT OF VESTED RIGHTS AND BREACH OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE PROTECTION OF LEGITIMATE EXPECTATION MUST BE DISMISSED .
12 THE APPLICANTS THEN CLAIM THAT THERE HAS BEEN AN INFRINGEMENT OF THEIR PERSONAL RIGHTS . UNDER ARTICLE 85 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS ANY SUM OVERPAID MAY BE RECOVERED ONLY ON THE DUAL CONDITION THAT THE RECIPIENT WAS AWARE OF THE ILLEGALITY AND THAT THE FACT OF THE OVERPAYMENT WAS PATENT . THOSE CONDITIONS ARE NOT SATISFIED IN THE PRESENT CASE SINCE THE PAYMENTS OF SALARIES PRIOR TO THE ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE CONTESTED REGULATIONS WERE IN ACCORDANCE WITH REGULATION NO 3177/76 . HOWEVER , THE FREEZING OF THE APPLICANTS ' REMUNERATION BY THE COMBINED EFFECT OF REGULATIONS NOS 160 AND 161/80 AMOUNTS TO REPAYMENT OF SUMS WHICH THE COMMISSION CONSIDERS UNDULY PAID .
13 IN THAT RESPECT IT MUST BE REMEMBERED THAT REGULATION NO 160/80 , WHICH HAS RETROACTIVE EFFECT FROM 1 JULY 1979 , PROVIDES THAT NO PART OF THE AMOUNTS PAID DURING THE PERIOD BETWEEN THAT DATE AND THE DATE OF ITS ENTRY INTO FORCE , NAMELY 27 JANUARY 1980 , IS TO BE REQUIRED TO BE REPAID . FURTHERMORE , IT PROVIDES TRANSITIONAL MEASURES INTENDED PROGRESSIVELY TO RE-ABSORB THE DISTORTIONS WITHOUT BRINGING ABOUT A REDUCTION IN THE AMOUNTS ACTUALLY PAID . MOREOVER , THE EFFECT OF COUNCIL REGULATION NO 161/80 OF 21 JANUARY 1980 WAS TO INCREASE , ALSO FROM 1 JULY 1979 , THE REMUNERATION RESULTING FROM THE APPLICATION OF REGULATION NO 160/80 IN SUCH A WAY THAT , APART FROM CERTAIN SPECIAL CASES , THE REDUCTIONS IN BASIC SALARIES RESULTING FROM THE REVISION OF THE SCALE WERE IMMEDIATELY REABSORBED .
14 IN THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES THERE HAS BEEN NO INFRINGEMENT OF PERSONAL RIGHTS . THE APPLICANTS ' ARGUMENT TO THE EFFECT THAT TO DETERMINE WHETHER THERE HAS BEEN SUCH INFRINGEMENT IT IS NECESSARY TO ASCERTAIN , NOT WHETHER OR NOT THERE HAS BEEN A REDUCTION IN THE AMOUNTS ACTUALLY RECEIVED BUT WHETHER THE RATE OF REMUNERATION HAS BEEN FROZEN FOR A CERTAIN PERIOD , MUST BE REJECTED IN CIRCUMSTANCES SUCH AS THE PRESENT IN WHICH THE TWO CONTESTED REGULATIONS SEEK PRECISELY TO PUT AN END TO UNJUSTIFIED INCREASES SUCH AS THOSE RESULTING FROM THE SCALE PREVIOUSLY APPLICABLE WITHOUT ITS BEING NECESSARY TO RECOVER SUMS ALREADY PAID OR TO REDUCE REMUNERATION ACTUALLY RECEIVED .
15 FINALLY THE APPLICANTS ALLEGE THAT THE COUNCIL HAD NO POWER TO REVOKE A SALARY SCALE PREVIOUSLY ADOPTED AND THAT IT COMMITTED A MISUSE OF POWERS INASMUCH AS THE SYSTEM OF WEIGHTING WAS USED TO AMEND SALARIES AND NOT TO ENSURE SPEEDY ADJUSTMENT OF SALARIES IN THE EVENT OF AN APPRECIABLE CHANGE IN THE COST OF LIVING IN ONE OR MORE PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT .
16 IT MUST BE REMEMBERED IN THAT RESPECT THAT REGULATION NO 160/80 WHICH AMENDS THE STRUCTURE OF THE SCALE OF REMUNERATION IS A REGULATION AMENDING THE STAFF REGULATIONS PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 24 OF THE TREATY ESTABLISHING A SINGLE COUNCIL AND A SINGLE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES AND ADOPTED ACCORDING TO THE PROCEDURES AND WITH THE GUARANTEES INVOLVED IN SUCH AN AMENDMENT . REGULATION NO 161/80 ON THE OTHER HAND WAS ADOPTED BY THE COUNCIL UNDER THE POWER TO MAKE ADJUSTMENTS OF REMUNERATION CONFERRED UPON IT BY ARTICLE 65 OF THE STAFF REGULATIONS . THE APPLICANTS HAVE NOT ESTABLISHED THAT THE COUNCIL HAS ACTED OUTSIDE THE POWERS THUS VESTED IN IT .
17 AS TO THE COMPLAINT ALLEGING A MISUSE OF POWERS BY THE COUNCIL , THE APPLICANTS HAVE NOT BEEN ABLE TO SHOW THAT THE COMMISSION IS WRONG IN CONTENDING THAT THE OBJECT AND EFFECT OF THE 1976 REFORM WAS TO GIVE THE WEIGHTINGS BACK THEIR TRUE FUNCTION , NAMELY TO COMPENSATE FOR THE DIFFERENCES IN THE COST OF LIVING IN THE VARIOUS PLACES OF EMPLOYMENT . IN THOSE CIRCUMSTANCES THAT COMPLAINT ALSO MUST BE REJECTED .
18 THE OTHER COMPLAINTS PUT FORWARD BY THE APPLICANTS BASED INTER ALIA ON BREACH OF THE PRINCIPLE OF DUE CARE , BREACH OF THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY IN THE CALCULATION OF REMUNERATION AND DISREGARD OF THE PRINCIPLE OF FAIRNESS HAVE ALREADY BEEN ANSWERED IN THE FOREGOING CONSIDERATIONS .
19 IT FOLLOWS FROM ALL THE FOREGOING THAT THE ACTION MUST BE DISMISSED IN ITS ENTIRETY .