1 By its appeal, the Commission of the European Communities seeks the annulment of the judgment of the Court of First Instance of the European Communities (now ‘the General Court’) of 8 November 2007 in Case T-194/04 Bavarian Lager v Commission [2007] ECR II‑4523; ‘the judgment under appeal’), in so far as that judgment annulled the Commission’s decision of 18 March 2004 (‘the contested decision’), rejecting the request by The Bavarian Lager Co. Ltd (‘Bavarian Lager’) for access to the full minutes of a meeting of 11 October 1996, held in the context of a procedure for failure to fulfil obligations (‘the meeting of 11 October 1996’).
2 Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (OJ 1995 L 281, p. 31) requires Member States to ensure the protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons, and in particular their privacy in relation to the handling of personal data, in order to ensure the free movement of personal data in the European Community.
3 Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2000 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by the Community institutions and bodies and on the free movement of such data (OJ 2001 L 8, p. 1), was adopted on the basis of Article 286 EC.
4 Recitals 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 12, 14 and 15 of Regulation No 45/2001, or certain parts thereof, read as follows:
5 Article 1 of Regulation No 45/2001 provides: ‘1. In accordance with this Regulation, the institutions and bodies set up by, or on the basis of, the Treaties establishing the European Communities, hereinafter referred to as “Community institutions or bodies”, shall protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons, and in particular their right to privacy with respect to the processing of personal data and shall neither restrict nor prohibit the free flow of personal data between themselves or to recipients subject to the national law of the Member States implementing Directive 95/46 … 2. The independent supervisory authority established by this Regulation, hereinafter referred to as the European Data Protection Supervisor, shall monitor the application of the provisions of this Regulation to all processing operations carried out by a Community institution or body.’
6 Article 2 of that regulation provides: ‘For the purposes of this Regulation:
7 Article 3 of the said regulation provides: ‘1. This Regulation shall apply to the processing of personal data by all Community institutions and bodies insofar as such processing is carried out in the exercise of activities all or part of which fall within the scope of Community law. 2. This Regulation shall apply to the processing of personal data wholly or partly by automatic means, and to the processing otherwise than by automatic means of personal data which form part of a filing system or are intended to form part of a filing system.’
8 According to Article 4 of the same regulation: ‘1. Personal data must be: ...’
9 Article 5 of Regulation No 45/2001 provides: ‘Personal data may be processed only if:
10 Article 8 of that regulation, headed ‘Transfer of personal data to recipients, other than Community institutions and bodies, subject to Directive 95/46 …’, provides: ‘Without prejudice to Articles 4, 5, 6 and 10, personal data shall only be transferred to recipients subject to the national law adopted for the implementation of Directive 95/46:
11 Article 18 of the said regulation, headed ‘The data subject’s right to object’, states: ‘The data subject shall have the right:
12 Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2001 regarding public access to European Parliament, Council and Commission documents (OJ 2001 L 145, p. 43), defines the principles, conditions and limits for the right of access to documents of those institutions laid down by Article 255 EC. That regulation has applied since 3 December 2001.
13 According to recital 1 of Regulation No 1049/2001: ‘The second subparagraph of Article 1 of the [EU Treaty in its version prior to the Lisbon Treaty] enshrines the concept of openness, stating that the Treaty marks a new stage in the process of creating an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe, in which decisions are taken as openly as possible and as closely as possible to the citizen.’
14 According to recital 2 of Regulation No 1049/2001: ‘Openness enables citizens to participate more closely in the decision-making process and guarantees that the administration enjoys greater legitimacy and is more effective and more accountable to the citizen in a democratic system. Openness contributes to strengthening the principles of democracy and respect for fundamental rights as laid down in Article 6 of the EU Treaty [in its version prior to the Treaty of Lisbon] and in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union [“the Charter”].’
15 Recitals 4 and 11 of Regulation No 1049/2010 state: ...
16 According to Article 2 of Regulation No 1049/2001, headed ‘Beneficiaries and scope’: ‘1. Any citizen of the Union, and any natural or legal person residing or having its registered office in a Member State, has a right of access to documents of the institutions, subject to the principles, conditions and limits defined in this Regulation. 2. The institutions may, subject to the same principles, conditions and limits, grant access to documents to any natural or legal person not residing or not having its registered office in a Member State. 3. This Regulation shall apply to all documents held by an institution, that is to say, documents drawn up or received by it and in its possession, in all areas of activity of the European Union. 4. Without prejudice to Articles 4 and 9, documents shall be made accessible to the public either following a written application or directly in electronic form or through a register. In particular, documents drawn up or received in the course of a legislative procedure shall be made directly accessible in accordance with Article 12. 5. Sensitive documents as defined in Article 9(1) shall be subject to special treatment in accordance with that Article. …’
17 According to Article 4 of Regulation No 1049/2001, concerning exceptions to the right of access: The institutions shall refuse access to a document where disclosure would undermine the protection of: ... 2. The institutions shall refuse access to a document where disclosure would undermine the protection of: ... - the purpose of inspections, investigations and audits, unless there is an overriding public interest in disclosure. ...’
18 Article 6(1) of Regulation No 1049/2001 provides that ‘[t]he applicant is not obliged to state reasons for the application’.
19 The facts behind the present dispute are set out in paragraphs 15 to 28 and 34 to 37 of the judgment under appeal as follows:
20 By the judgment under appeal, the General Court annulled the contested decision.
21 Regarding access to the full minutes of the meeting of 11 October 1996, the General Court took the view, in paragraphs 90 to 95 of the judgment under appeal, that Bavarian Lager’s request was based on Regulation No 1049/2001. Whilst pointing out that, according to Article 6(1) of Regulation No 1049/2001, a person requesting access is not required to justify his request and therefore does not have to demonstrate any interest in having access to the documents requested, the Court examined the exception to communication laid down in Article 4(1)(b) of that regulation, where disclosure of such a document might undermine the protection of privacy and the integrity of the individual.
22 In paragraphs 96 to 119 of the judgment under appeal, the General Court examined the relationship between Regulations Nos 45/2001 and 1049/2001. While stating that recital 15 of Regulation No 45/2001 indicates that access to documents, including those containing personal data, is governed by Article 255 EC, the Court emphasised that, according to recital 11 of Regulation No 1049/2001, in assessing the need for an exception, the institutions should take account of the principles in Community legislation concerning the protection of personal data in all areas of activity of the Union, thus including principles laid down in Regulation No 45/2001.
23 Referring to the definitions of ‘personal data’ and ‘processing of personal data’ mentioned in Article 2(a) and (b) of Regulation No 45/2001, in paragraph 105 of the judgment under appeal, the General Court concluded that communication of data, by transmission, dissemination or otherwise making available, falls within the definition of ‘processing’, and thus Regulation No 45/2001 itself provides, independently of Regulation No 1049/2001, for the possibility of making certain personal data public.
24 In paragraph 106 of the judgment under appeal, the General Court stated that the processing of personal data must be lawful under Article 5(a) or (b) of Regulation No 45/2001, according to which the processing must be necessary for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or for compliance with a legal obligation to which the controller is subject. The Court then pointed out that the right of access to documents of the institutions recognised to citizens of the European Union and to any natural or legal person residing in or having its registered office in a Member State, laid down by Article 2 of Regulation No 1049/2001, constitutes a legal obligation for the purposes of Article 5(b) of Regulation No 45/2001. Therefore, if Regulation No 1049/2001 requires the communication of data, which constitutes ‘processing’ within the meaning of Article 2(b) of Regulation No 45/2001, Article 5 of that same regulation makes such communication lawful in that respect.
25 Ruling on the question of the obligation to prove the need to transfer, laid down by Article 8(b) of Regulation No 45/2001, and of the data subject’s right to object pursuant to Article 18 of that regulation, the General Court held, in particular, in paragraphs 107 to 109 of the judgment under appeal, as follows:
26 Finally, the General Court held that the exception under Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001 had to be interpreted restrictively and concerned only personal data that were capable of actually and specifically undermining the protection of privacy and the integrity of the individual. Examination as to whether a person’s private life might be undermined had to be carried out in the light of Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, signed in Rome on 4 November 1950 (‘the ECHR’) and the case-law based thereon.
27 The Court concluded generally in paragraph 133, and specifically in paragraph 139 of the judgment under appeal, that the Commission had erred in law by holding that Bavarian Lager had not established either an express and legitimate purpose or any need to obtain the names of the five persons who participated in the meeting of 11 October 1996 and who, after that meeting, objected to communication of their identity to Bavarian Lager.
28 As regards the exception concerning protection of the purpose of inspections, investigations and audits laid down in Article 4(2), third indent, of Regulation No 1049/2001, the General Court found in general that that provision could not be applied to the present case, and, in particular, it held that confidential treatment could not be granted to persons other than the complainant and that that protection was justified only if the procedure in question was still in progress.
29 By order of the President of the Court of Justice of 13 June 2008, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Council of the European Union were granted leave to intervene in support of the Commission. The Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden were granted leave to intervene in support of Bavarian Lager, and the Kingdom of Denmark was granted leave to intervene in support of Bavarian Lager and the European Data Protection Supervisor.
30 The Commission claims that the Court should: - set aside the judgment under appeal, in so far as it annuls the contested decision; - give a final ruling on the questions which form the subject-matter of the present appeal; and - order Bavarian Lager to pay the costs incurred by it at first instance and in the current appeal, or, should it be unsuccessful, order it to pay half the costs incurred by Bavarian Lager at first instance.
31 The Council contends that the Court should: - set aside the judgment under appeal, and - order Bavarian Lager to pay the costs.
32 The United Kingdom contends that the Court should: - uphold the appeal by the Commission and grant the forms of order sought by the latter.
33 Bavarian Lager contends that the Court should: - dismiss the Commission’s appeal in its entirety, and - order the Commission to pay the costs incurred by Bavarian Lager at first instance and in the present appeal, or, should the appeal be upheld, order each of the parties to bear its own costs.
34 The Kingdom of Denmark, the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Sweden and the European Data Protection Supervisor contend that the Court should: - dismiss the appeal in its entirety.
35 By letters of 11 and 13 November 2009, the Commission and the European Data Protection Supervisor applied for the reopening of the oral procedure.
36 The Court may of its own motion, or on a proposal from the Advocate General, or at the request of the parties, order the reopening of the oral procedure in accordance with Article 61 of the Rules of Procedure if it considers that it lacks sufficient information, or that the case must be dealt with on the basis of an argument which has not been debated between the parties (Case C‑42/07 Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional and Bwin International [2009] ECR I-0000, paragraph 31 and case-law cited).
37 In their applications, the Commission and the European Data Protection Supervisor restrict themselves to claiming that the Advocate General’s Opinion was based on arguments that were not debated either before the General Court or before the Court of Justice.
38 The Court considers that it has all the material necessary for it to decide the dispute before it and that the case does not have to be examined in the light of an argument that has not been the subject of discussion before it.
39 Therefore, there is no need to reopen the oral procedure.
40 In support of its appeal, the Commission puts forward three grounds, namely: - the General Court, by declaring that Article 8(b) of Regulation No 45/2001 was not applicable to this case, misinterpreted and misapplied Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001; - by interpreting restrictively the condition in Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001, the General Court erred in law by excluding from its scope the Community legislation on protection of personal data contained in a document; and - as regards the interpretation of Article 4(2), third indent, of Regulation No 1049/2001, the General Court wrongly limited the protection of confidentiality of investigations to complainants only, and, for that confidentiality to be maintained, required that the investigation be still current.
41 Since the first two pleas largely overlap, it will be convenient to examine them together.
42 The Commission, supported by the United Kingdom and the Council, argues in essence that the General Court made errors of law in its findings concerning the application of the exemption in Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001 and thereby rendered certain provisions of Regulation No 45/2001 ineffective.
43 The Commission considers that the General Court ruled without reference to the second part of the sentence in Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001, which provides that institutions are to refuse access to a document where disclosure would undermine the protection of privacy and the integrity of the individual, ‘in particular in accordance with Community legislation regarding the protection of personal data’. The General Court interpreted the exception laid down in Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001 only in the light of Article 8 of the ECHR and the case-law based thereon.
44 That erroneous interpretation of the exception laid down by the said Article 4(1)(b) had the consequence of rendering ineffective several provisions of Regulation No 45/2001, and in particular Articles 8(b) and 18(a) of that regulation.
45 It is precisely, the Commission argues, by giving precedence to Article 6(1) of Regulation No 1049/2001, which provides that, in the context of requests from the public for access to documents, the applicant is not obliged to state reasons for the application, that the General Court renders ineffective Article 8(b) of Regulation No 45/2001, which requires the recipient of a transfer of personal data to demonstrate the need for their disclosure.
46 The obligation on a recipient of a transfer of personal data to demonstrate that a legitimate purpose is being pursued, contained in Article 8(b) of Regulation 45/2001 is, the Commission submits, one of the key provisions of the whole of the Union legislation concerning data protection. Thus, communication of personal data appearing in a document held by an institution constitutes not only public access to a document under Regulation No 1049/2001, but also a processing of personal data under Regulation No 45/2001, which the General Court did not take into account.
47 The Commission adds that the General Court, in holding that any request for personal data must comply with the legal obligation arising from the right of public access, within the meaning of Article 5(b) of Regulation No 45/2001, renders devoid of purpose Article 18(a) of that regulation, which confers on the data subject the right to object at any time, on compelling legitimate grounds relating to his or her particular situation, to the processing of data relating to him or her.
48 It should be noted that the General Court devotes a significant part of its reasoning, and in particular paragraphs 96 to 119 of the judgment under appeal, to the relationship between Regulations Nos 45/2001 and 1049/2001 and then applies, in paragraphs 121 to 139 of that judgment, the criteria which it inferred therefrom to this case.
49 As the General Court rightly states in paragraph 98 of the judgment under appeal, when examining the relationship between Regulations Nos 1049/2001 and 45/2001 for the purpose of applying the exception under Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001 to the case in point, it must be borne in mind that those regulations have different objectives. The first is designed to ensure the greatest possible transparency of the decision-making process of the public authorities and the information on which they base their decisions. It is thus designed to facilitate as far as possible the exercise of the right of access to documents, and to promote good administrative practices. The second is designed to ensure the protection of the freedoms and fundamental rights of individuals, particularly their private life, in the handling of personal data.
50 As stated in recital 2 of Regulation No 45/2001, the Union legislature intended to establish a ‘fully-fledged system’ of protection of personal data, and considered it necessary, in the words of recital 12 thereof, to ensure throughout the Community ‘consistent and homogeneous application of the rules for the protection of individuals’ fundamental rights and freedoms with regard to the processing of personal data’.
51 According to that same recital 12, the rights conferred on data subjects for their protection with regard to the processing of personal data constitute rules for the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms. In the mind of the Union legislature, the Union legislation on the processing of personal data serves to protect fundamental rights and freedoms.
52 According to recitals 7 and 14 of Regulation No 45/2001, the measures in question are ‘binding measures’ which apply to ‘all processing of personal data by all Community institutions and bodies’ and ‘in any context whatsoever’.
53 As indicated in recital 1 thereof, Regulation No 1049/2001 forms part of the intention expressed in the second paragraph of Article 1 EU to mark a new stage in the process of creating an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe, in which decisions are taken as openly as possible and as closely as possible to the citizen.
54 According to recital 2 of that regulation, openness enables citizens to participate more closely in the decision-making process and guarantees that the administration enjoys greater legitimacy and is more effective and more accountable to the citizen in a democratic system.
55 Regulation No 1049/2001 lays down as a general rule that the public may have access to the documents of the institutions, but provides for exceptions by reason of certain public and private interests. In particular, recital 11 of that regulation states that, ‘[i]n assessing the exceptions, the institutions should take account of the principles in Community legislation concerning the protection of personal data, in all areas of Union activities’.
56 Regulations Nos 45/2001 and 1049/2001 were adopted on dates very close to each other. They do not contain any provisions granting one regulation primacy over the other. In principle, their full application should be ensured.
57 The only express link between those two regulations is established in Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001, which provides for an exception to access to a document where disclosure would undermine the protection of privacy and the integrity of the individual, in particular in accordance with Community legislation regarding the protection of personal data.
58 In this case, in paragraphs 111 to 120 of the judgment under appeal, the General Court limits the application of the exception under Article 4(1)(b) of that regulation to situations in which privacy or the integrity of the individual would be infringed for the purposes of Article 8 of the ECHR and the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, without taking into account the legislation of the Union concerning the protection of personal data, particularly Regulation No 45/2001.
59 It should be observed that, in acting in that way, the General Court disregards the wording of Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001, which is an indivisible provision and requires that any undermining of privacy and the integrity of the individual must always be examined and assessed in conformity with the legislation of the Union concerning the protection of personal data, and in particular with Regulation No 45/2001.
60 Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001 establishes a specific and reinforced system of protection of a person whose personal data could, in certain cases, be communicated to the public.
61 According to Article 1(1) of Regulation No 45/2001, the purpose of that regulation is to ‘protect the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons, and in particular their right to privacy with respect to the processing of personal data’. That provision does not allow cases of processing of personal data to be separated into two categories, namely a category in which that treatment is examined solely on the basis of Article 8 of the ECHR and the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights relating to that article and another category in which that processing is subject to the provisions of Regulation No 45/2001.
62 It is clear from the first sentence of recital 15 of Regulation No 45/2001 that the Union legislature has pointed to the need to apply Article 6 EU and, by that means, Article 8 of the ECHR, ‘[w]here such processing is carried out by Community institutions or bodies in the exercise of activities falling outside the scope of this Regulation, in particular those laid down in Titles V and VI of the [EU Treaty in its version prior to the Treaty of Lisbon]’. By contrast, such a reference was not found necessary for processing carried out in the exercise of activities within the scope of that regulation, given that, in such cases, it is clearly Regulation No 45/2001 itself which applies.
63 It follows that, where a request based on Regulation No 1049/2001 seeks to obtain access to documents including personal data, the provisions of Regulation No 45/2001 become applicable in their entirety, including Articles 8 and 18 thereof.
64 By not taking account of the reference in Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001 to the legislation of the Union concerning the protection of personal data and thus to Regulation No 45/2001, the General Court dismissed at the outset, in paragraph 107 of the judgment under appeal, the application of Article 8(b) of Regulation No 45/2001, and, in paragraph 109 of the judgment under appeal, the application of Article 18 of Regulation No 45/2001. And yet those articles constitute essential provisions of the system of protection established by Regulation No 45/2001.
65 Consequently, the particular and restrictive interpretation which the General Court gave to Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001 does not correspond to the equilibrium which the Union legislature intended to establish between the two regulations in question.
66 In this case, it is apparent from the information on the file, and in particular from the contested decision, that, following the requests by Bavarian Lager of 4 May 1998, 5 December 2003 and 9 February 2004, the Commission sent the latter a document containing the minutes of the meeting of 11 October 1996, with five names removed. Of those five names, three persons could not be contacted by the Commission in order to give their consent, and two others expressly objected to the disclosure of their identity.
67 In refusing full access to that document, the Commission based its reasoning on Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001 and Article 8 of Regulation No 45/2001.
68 It should be noted that, in paragraph 104 of the judgment under appeal, the General Court, in examining Article 2(a) of Regulation No 45/2001, that is to say the definition of the concept of ‘personal data’, correctly held that surnames and forenames may be regarded as personal data.
69 It also correctly established, in paragraph 105 of that judgment, in examining Article 2(b) of that regulation, that is to say the definition of the concept of ‘processing of personal data’, that the communication of such data falls within the definition of ‘processing’, for the purposes of that regulation.
70 The General Court was right to conclude, in paragraph 122 of the judgment under appeal, that the list of participants in the meeting of 11 October 1996 appearing in the minutes of that meeting thus contains personal data for the purposes of Article 2(a) of Regulation No 45/2001, since the persons who participated in that meeting can be identified.
71 Therefore, the decisive question is whether the Commission could grant access to the document including the five names of the participants in the meeting of 11 October 1996, in compliance with Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001 and Regulation No 45/2001.
72 First of all, it should be noted that Bavarian Lager was able to have access to all the information concerning the meeting of 11 October 1996, including the opinions which those contributing expressed in their professional capacity.
73 The Commission, at the time of the first request by Bavarian Lager dated 4 May 1998, sought the agreement of the participants at the meeting of 11 October 1996 to the disclosure of their names. As the Commission indicates in the decision of 18 March 2003, that procedure was in compliance with the requirements of Directive 95/46, in force at that time.
74 Following a new request by Bavarian Lager to the Commission, dated 5 December 2003, seeking communication of the full minutes of the meeting of 11 October 1996, the Commission informed Bavarian Lager on 27 January 2004 that, having regard to the entry into force of Regulations Nos 45/2001 and 1049/2001, it was henceforward obliged to treat that request under the specific regime of those regulations, particularly Article 8(b) of Regulation No 45/2001.
75 Whether under the former system of Directive 95/46 or under the system of Regulations Nos 45/2001 and 1049/2001, the Commission was right to verify whether the data subjects had given their consent to the disclosure of personal data concerning them.
76 This Court finds that, by releasing the expurgated version of the minutes of the meeting of 11 October 1996 with the names of five participants removed therefrom, the Commission did not infringe the provisions of Regulation No 1049/2001 and sufficiently complied with its duty of openness.
77 By requiring that, in respect of the five persons who had not given their express consent, Bavarian Lager establish the necessity for those personal data to be transferred, the Commission complied with the provisions of Article 8(b) of Regulation No 45/2001.
78 As Bavarian Lager has not provided any express and legitimate justification or any convincing argument in order to demonstrate the necessity for those personal data to be transferred, the Commission has not been able to weigh up the various interests of the parties concerned. Nor was it able to verify whether there was any reason to assume that the data subjects’ legitimate interests might be prejudiced, as required by Article 8(b) of Regulation No 45/2001.
79 It follows from the above that the Commission was right to reject the application for access to the full minutes of the meeting of 11 October 1996.
80 Therefore, the General Court erred in law in concluding, in paragraphs 133 and 139 of the judgment under appeal, that in this case the Commission had wrongly applied Article 4(1)(b) of Regulation No 1049/2001 and held that Bavarian Lager had not established either an express and legitimate purpose in obtaining, or any need to obtain, the document at issue in its entirety.
81 In the light of those considerations as a whole, it is appropriate, without there being any need to examine the other arguments and pleas of the parties, to set aside the judgment under appeal in so far as it annuls the contested decision.
82 In accordance with the first paragraph of Article 61 of the Statute of the Court of Justice, if the Court quashes the decision of the General Court, it may itself give final judgment in the matter, where the state of the proceedings so permits.
83 That is the case here.
84 As the Court has found in paragraphs 69 and 73 of this judgment, the contested decision did not infringe the provisions of Regulations Nos 45/2001 and 1049/2001.
85 The action for annulment by Bavarian Lager against that decision must therefore be dismissed.
86 Pursuant to the first paragraph of Article 122 of the Rules of Procedure, where the appeal is well founded and the Court of Justice itself gives final judgment in the case, the Court is to make a decision as to costs. Under Article 69(2) of those rules, which applies to appeal proceedings by virtue of Article 118 thereof, the unsuccessful party is to be ordered to pay the costs, if they have been applied for in the successful party’s pleadings. Under Article 69(4) of those rules, which applies to appeal proceedings by virtue of Article 118 thereof, Member States and institutions which intervene in the proceedings are to bear their own costs. The Court may order an intervener to bear its own costs.
87 Since the Commission has applied for costs and Bavarian Lager has been unsuccessful in the appeal, Bavarian Lager must be ordered to pay the costs relating to the appeal.
88 Since the Commission has also applied for an order that Bavarian Lager pay the costs of the procedure before the General Court and the action before that Court has been dismissed, Bavarian Lager must be ordered to pay the costs relating to the procedure at first instance.
89 The Kingdom of Denmark, the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Sweden, the United Kingdom, the Council and the European Data Protection Supervisor must be ordered to bear their own costs. 1. Sets aside the judgment of the Court of First Instance of the European Communities of 8 November 2007 in Case T-194/04 Bavarian Lager v Commission, in so far as it annuls the Commission’s decision of 18 March 2004, rejecting an application for access to the full minutes of the meeting of 11 October 1996, including all the names, and in so far as it orders the European Commission to pay the costs of The Bavarian Lager Co. Ltd; 2. Dismisses the action of The Bavarian Lager Co. Ltd against the Commission’s decision of 18 March 2004, rejecting an application for access to the full minutes of the meeting of 11 October 1996, including all the names; 3. Orders The Bavarian Lager Co. Ltd to pay the costs incurred by the European Commission both in the context of the present appeal proceedings and before the Court of First Instance; 4. Orders the Kingdom of Denmark, the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Council of the European Union and the European Data Protection Supervisor to bear their own costs.