1 By order of 17 November 1993, received at the Court on 19 November 1993, the Conseil d' Appel d' Expression Française de l' Ordre des Architectes (French Language Appeals Committee of the Architects' Association), Liège (Belgium), referred to the Court for a preliminary ruling under Article 177 of the EEC Treaty a question on the interpretation of Article 11 of Council Directive 85/384/EEC of 10 June 1985 on the mutual recognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications in architecture, including measures to facilitate the effective exercise of the right of establishment and freedom to provide services (OJ 1985 L 223, p. 15).
2 That question was raised in proceedings between Nicolas Dreessen and the Conseil National de l' Ordre des Architectes (National Council of the Architects' Association).
3 Mr Dreessen, who is of Belgian nationality and resides in Belgium, studied for an engineer' s diploma in building construction ("Ingenieur-Urkunde, Fachrichtung Hochbau") at the Staatliche Ingenieurschule fuer Bauwesen Aachen (Aachen State Civil Engineering College). He received his diploma on 16 February 1966 and was then entitled to describe himself as "Ingenieur (grad.)".
4 From 1 August 1966 until 1991, in other words for 25 years, Mr Dreessen worked in Belgium as a salaried architect in various firms of architects. After the bankruptcy of his last employer, he applied on 12 December 1991 to the Ordre des Architectes de la Province de Liège (Architects' Association of the Province of Liège) for his name to be entered on the register of that association, so that he could practise as a self-employed architect. The Council of the Architects' Association of the Province of Liège rejected his application by a decision of 29 April 1993 on the ground that his diploma was not equivalent to a diploma awarded by a department of architecture within the meaning of the directive.
5 Mr Dreessen appealed against that decision to the Conseil d' Appel d' Expression Française de l' Ordre des Architectes on 25 May 1993, arguing that his right to be put on the register of the Architects' Association derived from Articles 11(a) and 12 of the directive.
6 The Conseil d' Appel d' Expression Française de l' Ordre des Architectes considered that the outcome of the dispute depended on a question concerning the interpretation of Community law and, by decision of 17 November 1993, stayed the proceedings and requested the Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling on "the interpretation of the expression 'Architektur/Hochbau' department used in Article 11 of Directive 85/384/EEC on the mutual recognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications in architecture, and for a ruling on whether a diploma awarded in 1966 by the 'Allgemeiner Hochbau' department of the Staatliche Ingenieurschule fuer Bauwesen Aachen must be treated as equivalent to a diploma awarded by the 'Architektur' department for the purposes of Article 11 of the directive".
7 Under Article 10 of the directive, each Member State is to recognize the diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications set out in Article 11, awarded by other Member States to nationals of the Member States, where such nationals already possessed these qualifications at the time of notification of the directive or their studies leading to such diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications commenced during the third academic year at the latest following such notification, even if those qualifications do not fulfil the minimum requirements laid down in Chapter II, by giving them, as regards the taking up and pursuit of the activities referred to in Article 1, the same effect within its territory as the diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications which it awards in architecture.
8 Under the fourth indent of Article 11(a) of the directive, the diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications referred to in Article 10 include, in Germany, the diplomas (Pruefungszeugnisse) awarded before 1 January 1973 by the departments of architecture of Ingenieurschulen, accompanied by a certificate from the competent authorities to the effect that the person concerned has passed a test of his formal qualifications in accordance with Article 13.
9 The question of interpretation raised by the fourth indent of Article 11(a) is whether that provision is capable of covering the engineer' s diploma in Allgemeiner Hochbau (general construction) awarded to Mr Dreessen on 16 February 1966.
10 It is important to note that the directive is based on the distinction between the definitive arrangements (Chapter II) relating to the professional title of architect and the transitional arrangements (Chapter III) for ensuring recognition of rights acquired in the field of architecture.
11 The transitional system, which is applicable to this case, is characterized by an exhaustive list of the diplomas, certificates and other evidence of formal qualifications of each Member State which are eligible for recognition.
12 With respect to colleges of engineering in Germany, recognition is limited to the diplomas awarded by departments of architecture. Mr Dreessen' s diploma was not awarded by such a department.
13 Consequently, having regard to the wording of the fourth indent of Article 11(a) of the directive, the diploma in question cannot be recognized at Community level.
14 The fact that the former colleges of engineering (Ingenieurschulen), which did not have departments of archictecture, were incorporated as from 1971 into Fachhochschulen whose diplomas form part of the system of recognition introduced by the directive does not militate against that conclusion. As the Advocate General has rightly stated, if that designation was incorrect or incomplete, it was up to the Member State in question, that is, the Federal Republic of Germany, to seek and obtain an amendment to the directive in order to correct that error or omission.
15 Accordingly, the answer to the national tribunal' s question must be that a diploma awarded in 1966 by the "Allgemeiner Hochbau" department of the Staatliche Ingenieurschule fuer Bauwesen, Aachen, cannot be equated with the diplomas referred to in the fourth indent of Article 11(a) of the directive.