1 By order of 12 January 1990, which was received at the Court on 8 June 1990, the Corte Suprema di Cassazione referred to the Court for a preliminary ruling under Article 177 of the EEC Treaty a question on the interpretation of Articles 77 to 79 of Regulation No 1408/71 of the Council of 14 June 1971 on the application of social security schemes to employed persons, self-employed persons and to members of their families moving within the Community, as codified by Council Regulation (EEC) 2001/83 of 2 June 1983 (Official Journal 1983 L 230, p. 6).
2 That question arose in proceedings between Mr Durighello and the Istituto Nazionale della Previdenza Sociale (National Social Welfare Institution, hereinafter: "INPS") on the question of family allowances for a dependent spouse provided for by Italian legislation.
3 The order for reference indicates that Mr Durighello, an Italian national, worked in turn in three Member States (Italy, France and Germany), and now resides in Italy where he receives a pension. His application for the allowances at issue was rejected on the grounds that his entitlement to the abovementioned pension was based on Regulation No 1408/71 - he had not completed enough insurance periods in Italy to qualify for an autonomous pension under Italian legislation - and that regulation made no provision for family allowances to be paid in respect of the dependent spouse of a pensioner.
4 After failing in actions brought against that decision before the Pretore di Udine (Magistrate' s Court, Udine) and the Tribunale di Udine (District Court, Udine), Mr Durighello appealed to the Corte di Cassazione, which decided to stay the proceedings and refer the following question to the Court for a preliminary ruling: "In the situation described above, do the provisions of Chapter 8 of Title III, and in particular Articles 77 to 79 of Regulation (EEC) No 1408/71 of the Council (as subsequently amended and supplemented) preclude the application to a person residing in Italy in receipt of an old-age pension calculated and granted under Chapter 3 of Title III of that Regulation (' aggregation' of periods of employment and periods of insurance completed in Italy, France and Germany) of the Italian legislation entitling (from 1 January 1974 until the date of the entry into force of Decree Law No 69 of 1988) a pensioner to family allowances for his dependent spouse as well."
5 Reference is made to the Report for the Hearing for a fuller account of the facts of the case, the relevant provisions and the written observations submitted to the Court, which are mentioned or discussed hereinafter only in so far as is necessary for the reasoning of the Court.
6 In its question the national court is essentially seeking to ascertain whether Articles 77 to 79 of Regulation 1408/71 must be interpreted as precluding the legislation of a Member State which provides for allowances for a pensioner' s dependent spouse from applying to a person in receipt of a pension under Regulation 1408/71. Jurisdiction
7 The INPS maintains that the request for a preliminary ruling is inadmissible. On the one hand, it is pointless, in its view, for the Court to provide the interpretation of Articles 77 to 79 requested, since the provisions in question concern only family allowances for dependant children, and not allowances such as those at issue in the main proceedings. Moreover, the request seeks to ask the Court to rule on the compatibility of Italian legislation with Community law for which the Court does not have jurisdiction.
8 On the first point, the Court has consistently held (see, inter alia, the judgment in Case C-368/89 Crispoltoni v Fattoria Autonoma Tabacchi di Città di Castello [1991] ECR I-3695, at paragraph 10) that it is solely for the national courts before which actions are brought, and which must bear the responsibility for the subsequent judicial decision, to determine in the light of the special features of each case both the need for a preliminary ruling in order to enable them to deliver judgment and the relevance of the questions which they submit to the Court.
9 A request from a national court may be rejected only if it is quite obvious that the interpretation of Community law or the examination of the validity of a rule of Community law sought bears no relation to the actual nature of the case or to the subject-matter of the main action (see, inter alia, the judgments in Case 126/80 Salonia v Poldomani and Giglio [1981] ECR 1563 at paragraph 6, and in Crispoltoni, mentioned above, at paragraph 11). That is not so in the present case.
10 As to the second point, the Court has held that, whereas it is not for the Court, in the context of Article 177 of the Treaty, to rule on the compatibility of a national law with Community law, it does have jurisdiction to provide the national court with all the elements of interpretation under Community law to enable it to assess that compatibility for the purpose of deciding the case before it (see, inter alia, the judgment in Case 369/89 Piageme v BVBA Peeters [1991] ECR I-2971, at paragraph 7). Substance
11 The INPS observes that Articles 77 to 79 of Regulation No 1408/71 must be interpreted as referring only to family allowances for dependent children. Consequently, a person in Mr Durighello' s situation is not entitled to family allowances for a dependent spouse.
12 That reasoning cannot be accepted.
13 The aforementioned Articles 77 to 79 do not, it is true, refer to allowances for a dependent spouse. The wording of both Articles, and their respective headings, indicate that they cover only allowances for dependent children and orphans. That interpretation is confirmed by the fact that the provisions in question appear in Chapter 8 of Title III of Regulation 1408/71, under the heading "Benefits for dependent children of pensioners and for orphans".
14 However, the Court has consistently held that the regulations concerning social security for migrant workers did not set up a common scheme of social security, but allowed different schemes to exist, creating different claims on different institutions against which the claimant possesses direct rights by virtue either of national law alone or of national law supplemented, where necessary, by Community law (see, inter alia, the judgment in Case 100/78 Rossi v Caisse de Compensations pour Allocations Familiales [1979] ECR 831 at paragraph 13).
15 Moreover, according to the settled case-law of the Court (see, inter alia, judgments in Case 24/75 Petroni v ONPTS [1975] ECR 1149, at paragraph 13 and in Case C-302/90 CAAMI v Faux [1991] ECR 4875, at paragraph 27), the aim of Articles 48 to 51 would not be attained if, as a consequence of the exercise of their right to freedom of movement, workers were to lose advantages in the field of social security guaranteed to them in any event by the laws of a single Member State.
16 Consequently, the fact that the worker concerned receives a pension pursuant to the provisions of Article 45 of Regulation 1408/71 concerning the taking into account of periods of insurance or residence completed under the legislation of more than one country, and not under national legislation alone, cannot prevent him from receiving the allowances for pensioners available under national law.
17 It follows that Articles 77 to 79 of Regulation 1408/71 cannot be interpreted so as to deprive a migrant worker in a situation such as that at issue in the main action of benefits which he could have claimed if the legislation of a single Member State had been applicable to him.
18 Accordingly, the reply to be given to the question submitted must be that Articles 77 to 79 of Regulation 1408/71 of the Council, of 14 June 1971, on the application of social security schemes to employed persons, to self-employed persons and to members of their families moving within the Community, as codified in Regulation (EEC) No 2001/83 of the Council of 2 June 1983, cannot be interpreted as precluding a Member State' s legislation which provides for family allowances for a pensioner' s dependent spouse from applying in the case of a person in receipt of an old-age pension pursuant to Regulation 1408/71.