theophilusowiti/AfriQuAD huggingface dataset:
UMUHIMU WA ELIMU
Elimu ni mfumo wa mafunzo yanayopatikana masomo, taaluma, shuleni, vyuoni, maishani. Ni dhahiri kabisa kuwa elimu ndiyo msingi wa maendeleo. Elimu ya ujuzi na maarifa humfaidi mtu kwa kila njia kiuchumi, kisayansi, katika utafiti wa aina tofauti na kwa kuhifadhi jamii kwa jumla.
Mwalimu mkuu wa Kiswahili alifunza kwa jumla wanaohudhuria mwalimu, hujambo? Wanafunzi wenzangu elimu ni kitu cha maana maishani. Masomo ni mafunzo ya kutafuta ubingwa wa fani fulani maalam.
Elimu hurahisisha mawasiliano. Uwezo wa kupashana habari hutegemea ujuzi wa mawasiliano ni ya njia nyingi na nchi isiyo na mawasiliano bora ni jangwa lisilopatikana kwa vile kila habari hugeuza hali ya fulani ya maisha. Bila ujuzi wa kusoma na kuandika, mawasiliano hayawezekani.
Maandishi mengi huwa na uzito wa maana na mtu yeyote asiyejua kusoma na kuelewa hawezi kunufaika kupata kwa kutimiza wajibu wote wa jenzi wa taifa. Wahenga walisema
fumbato mfumbie mjinga, mwerevu huling’amua. Kwani mwenye macho haambiwi tazama.
Shuleni wanafunzi hufunzwa kusoma na kuandika kusudi waweze kuchamba maandishi
tofauti ili wawe na uwezo wa kujitegemea wenyewe kimaarifa kwa kuchambua maandishi tofauti. Wanafunzi huelewa yale yafayo na yasiyofaa. 

Question: Fumbato mfumbie nani
Answer: Mjinga
The United Kingdom's currency, sterling, is rated fourth on Investopedia's list of the top 8 most tradable currencies, and that it is a "little bit more volatile than the euro". It was ranked just ahead of the Swiss franc, ranked fifth, which is used in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, saying that the set up of the Swiss banking "emphasizes the economic and financial stability policies dictated by the governing board of the SNB". Both are in the top 8 major currencies on Bloomberg. Several countries use currencies which translate as "crown": the Czech koruna, the Norwegian krone, the Danish krone, the Icelandic króna, and the Swedish krona.

Question: Wane irin kudi ake kashewa a Denmark?
Answer: Danish krone
MADHARA YA KUCHAFUA MAZINGIRA.

Mazingira safi ni muhimu kwa maisha ya binadamu na wanyama. Mazingira chafu huweza kusababisha magonjwa kama vile: kipindupindu, kichocho, malale na malaria. Uchafuzi wa mazingira ina maanisha kuharibu kwa kutia dosari.Mazingira ni mambo yanayohusu binadamu kama viles maziwa, ardhi, hewa, na bahari. Katika nchi yetu huenda tuko katika hatari kwa sababu mazingira yetu si safi.

Wafugaji wa mifugo hawana ardhi ya kutoshana hawazingatii usafi unaostahili. Mifugo wao hawako salama na wako katika hatari mkubwa sana. Ni wazi kuwa uchafuzi huo ni mkubwa katika nchi yetu na pia kuna uwezekano hata nchi hizi zingine kuna uchafuzi.

Ni ukweli kuwa uchafuzi wa maji katika nchi yetu umekuwa mkubwa sana. Maji ya mito imechafuliwa kwa kutupa taka taka katika maji ambayo hutumiwa na binadamu na wanyama.

Wakulima wanahimizwa kulima kwa kutumia dawa mbali mbali ili wadudu wasiweze kuvamia mimea yao.

Dawa hizi zinapofika mtoni husaidia mimea ambao huzuia mwendo wa maji. Hata hivyo, kuna uchafuzi wa hewa, hasa katika nchi ambazo zinaendelea. Tunafaa kuzingatia usafi wa mazingira.


Question: Mazingira ni mambo yanayohusu nani
Answer: binadamu
The Quran assumes familiarity with major narratives recounted in the Biblical and apocryphal scriptures. It summarizes some, dwells at length on others and, in some cases, presents alternative accounts and interpretations of events. The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance for mankind (). It sometimes offers detailed accounts of specific historical events, and it often emphasizes the moral significance of an event over its narrative sequence. Supplementing the Quran with explanations for some cryptic Quranic narratives, and rulings that also provide the basis for Islamic law in most denominations of Islam, are "hadiths"-oral and written traditions believed to describe words and actions of Muhammad. During prayers, the Quran is recited only in Arabic.

Question: Mene ne abin da ya zama babban tushen shiriya ga musulmai ban da Alqur’ani?
Answer: hadiths
Fort Nassau, near Moree, Ghana, was the first fort that the Dutch established on what would become the Dutch Gold Coast. Background.

Question: Ͻman bεn sɔ na Fort Nassau abankɛseɛ wɔ?
Answer: Ghana
Berlin () is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital. Berlin's urban area, which has a population of around 4.5 million, is the second most populous urban area in Germany after the Ruhr. The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions.

Question: Orile ede wo ni Berlin wa?
Answer: Germany
UKITAKA CHA MVUNGUNI SHARTI UINAME
Maana ya nje ya methali hii ni kuwa ukitaka cha mvunguni lazima uiname .Maana ya ndani ni kuwa ukitaka kitu kizuri lazime upate magumu katika maisha.
Hapo zamani za kale kulikuwa na wavulana wawili. Mmoja alikuwa mjanja kama sungura na Mwingine Msumbufu na mchokozi. Hawa wavulana walikuwa ndugu. Mmoja aliopenda masomo na mwengine alichukia. Rafiki zao hawakujua kuwa walikuwa ndugu.Wazazi waliamua kuwapeleka shule tofauti.Aliyechukia masomo hakupenda kwa kuwa hangepata mahali pakutafuta majibu wakati wa mtihani . 

Baada ya wiki chache walipelekwa shule tofauti na asiyependa kusoma alipata wakati mgumu sana. Mda wa mtihani ulipofika ali feli sana na wazazi wake walishangaa sana .

Wazazi wake hawaku muuliza sababu ya kufeli. Yeye alizidi kudidmia kimasomo hadi wakati wa mtihani wa kitaifa ulipowadia. Alifanya mtihani huo na akafeli sana wazazi wake hakufurahi na matokea yake. Yeye aliamua kutoroka nyumbani. Sasa maisha yake ni magumu sana hata kupata chakula ni kazi kubwa.Sasa anatambua ya kuwa mtaka cha mvunguni sharti ainame. 



Question: Mwandishi anazungumza kuhusu wavulana wangapi?
Answer: Wawili
Chakruok mar Puodho Nyanya
Nyanya en achiel kuom cham ma ok nyal dhi lalo e jikon mag piny Kenya. Bed ni itiyo godo e thiedho ringo, kachumbari, e wi pizza, kata chiemo mamoko, dwarone ni malo higa mangima. Adier, nyanya en achiel kuom alot ma ichamo ahinya e piny Kenya, kendo oluwo mana sukuma wiki e kwano.

Ne jopur, ma omiyo nyanya bedo cham ma kelo pesa, to mana ka oritgi maber. Sigana mar puodho nyanya Kenya en mar thuolo mar yudo pesa, to bende nigi chandruok kaka kute, tuoche, kod thoth mar nyanya e soko ma miyo nengone lor.

Ang'o momiyo Nyanya nigi tich
Nyanya ok en mana chiemo; en pesa. Japur manigi nyanya maboth kendo maber pile nyalo yudo janyiewo kinde duto, chakre kuom mama mboga nyaka e duka madongo (supermarkets). To nengo nyalo lokore pile. E kinde moko, sanduku mar kilo 64 nyalo dhi nyaka KES 4,500–6,000, to e kinde ma nyanya thoth e soko, nengone nyalo lor nyaka KES 1,000–1,500.

Question: Japur nyanya nyalo yudo janyiewo kanye?
Answer: chakre kuom mama mboga nyaka e duka madongo (supermarkets)
Aged seven, Alonso won his first kart race in Pola de Laviana. He won the 1988 and 1989 children's junior Championship of the Asturias and Galicia, and progressed to the Cadet class in 1990. Go-kart importer Genís Marcó was impressed by Alonso and mentored him; kart track owner José Luis Echevarria told him about Alonso. Marcó found personal and sponsorship money for Alonso's family to defray financial concerns and allow him to enter European series. He spoke to the six-time Karting World Champion Mike Wilson, who gave Alonso a test session at a track in Parma. Marcó taught Alonso to be conservative and maintain the condition of a kart.

Question: wayeneminyaka emingaki uFernando Alonso eqala imijaho yezimoto?
Answer: seven,
AJALI BARABARANI. 
Niliamka asubuhi nikiwa mwenye furaha nyingi. Nilikunywa kiamsha kinywa na kisha kuwaaga wazazi wangu na kutoka nyumbani. Nilipofika kwenye stesheni ya kupanda gari, gari niliyoipenda kwa jina ‘Mamba’ iwasili na kisha ikatulia kwa muda mfupi. 
Dereva mfupi alipanda na kisha kuweka muzik kwa sauti ya juu. Ungemwangalia alikuwa amejaza miraa mdomoni na pia alikuwa akivuta sigara na kunywa maji kila wakati. Kichwani alikuwa ameshuka vifundo vifundo. Makanga alisema tuabiri gari kwa wale waliokuwa na nauli ya kutosha bila kusumbuana na yeye. 
Niliabiri gari na kukaa katika kiti cha nyuma kabisa. Gari ilikuwa ikitetemeka kwa sababu ya muziki uliowekwa. Makanga wa gari hiyo alikuwa akikula miraa pia. Alikuwa akiwaongelesha watoto vibaya.
Gani lilikuwa likienda kwa mwendo wa kasi sana. Barabara haikuwa nzuri sana kwani bado ilikua ikijengwa.  Ghafla bin vu, tuliskia pwa! Madirisha ya basi hilo yaliivunjika yote. Basi likapinduka na miguu yake kuangalia juu. Niling’ang’ana kutoka nje nikipitia dirishani huku nikivuja damu kwa sababu ya kukatwa nilikokatwa. Watu wengi walikuja mbio na kuanza kuwaokoa waliokuwa ndani ya basi lile. 
Wamama walianza kupiga mayowe ili kuita watu wote waje washuhudie ajali iliyofanyika. Nilipo angalia basi letu,  lilikua limegonga lori ya kubeba mafuta ya taa. Waliokuwa hapo karibu walichukua mitungi na kukimbia kuchota mafuta yale. 
Lo! Moto uliwaka na kuanza kulipuka lipuka. Watu waliwapigia wazima moto na wakawasili kwa haraka. Walizima moto uliokuwa ukiwaka. Wafanyikazi wa hospital iliyokuwa karibu walianza kukuja kuwasaidia walioadhirika na ajali ile. Watu wa kumi na wawili waliaga dunia na wengine walichomeke kupita kiasi kufanya wasitambulike. Nilimshukuru Mungu kwa kuniokoa kwenye ajali ile. 


Question: Nilikunywa nini
Answer: Kiamsha kinywa
The Sol Plaatje University, which had provisionally been referred to as the University of the Northern Cape, opened in Kimberley, South Africa, in 2014, accommodating a modest initial intake of 135 students. The student complement is expected to increase gradually towards a target of 7 500 students by 2024. Launched in a ceremony in Kimberley on 19 September 2013, it had been formally established as a public university in terms of Section 20 of the Higher Education Act of 1997, by way of Government Notice 630, dated 22 August 2013. Minister of Higher Education and Training, Blade Nzimande, observed at the launch that this “is the first new university (in South Africa) to be launched since 1994 and as such is a powerful symbol of the country’s democracy, inclusiveness, and growth. It represents a new order of African intellect, with a firm focus on innovation and excellence." Previously announcing the name for the university, on 25 July 2013, President Jacob Zuma mentioned the development of academic niche areas that did not exist elsewhere, or were under-represented, in South Africa. "Given the rich heritage of Kimberley and the Northern Cape in general," Zuma said, "it is envisaged that Sol Plaatje will specialise in heritage studies, including interconnected academic fields such as museum management, archaeology, indigenous languages, and restoration architecture." Prof Andrew Crouch took over the helm on 1 April 2020 after the term of founding Vice-Chancellor, Prof Yunus Ballim came to a close.

Question: Yini igama lenyuvesi etholakala eNorthern Cape?
Answer: Sol Plaatje University
Le chocolat [ ʃɔ.kɔ.la], terme d'origine mésoaméricaine, est un aliment plus ou moins sucré produit à partir de la fève de cacao. Celle-ci est fermentée, torréfiée, broyée jusqu'à former une pâte de cacao liquide dont est extraite la matière grasse appelée beurre de cacao. Le chocolat est constitué du mélange, dans des proportions variables, de pâte de cacao, de beurre de cacao et de sucre ; auxquels sont ajoutées éventuellement des épices, comme la vanille, ou des matières grasses végétales. Consommé initialement sous forme de xocoatl (boisson épicée) au Mexique et en Amérique centrale, le chocolat se démocratise avec la révolution industrielle. Au XVIe siècle, il est consommé sous forme solide (chocolat noir ou au lait) ou liquide (chocolat chaud). Le chocolat se retrouve dans de nombreux desserts tels que les confiseries, biscuits, gâteaux, crèmes glacées, tartes, boissons. Offrir du chocolat, moulé de différentes manières, est devenu traditionnel lors de certaines festivités : œufs, lapins, poules, cloches, et petites figurines de poissons ou fruits de mer à Pâques, pièces de monnaie pour Hanoucca, truffes pour Noël, cœurs pour la Saint-Valentin, ou les traditionnelles marmites de la fête de l'Escalade en Suisse dans le canton de Genève.

Question: Fí tɛ é nɔ̀n ɖa chocolat ɖé ?
Answer: mésoaméricaine
The painting has been definitively identified to depict Italian noblewoman Lisa Gherardini, the wife of Francesco del Giocondo. It is painted in oil on a white Lombardy poplar panel. Leonardo never gave the painting to the Giocondo family, and later it is believed he left it in his will to his favored apprentice Salaì. It had been believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506; however, Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517. It was acquired by King Francis I of France and is now the property of the French Republic. It has been on permanent display at the Louvre in Paris since 1797.

Question: Hena na ɔyɛɛ Mona Lisa no ho mfonini?
Answer: Lisa Gherardini
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (; ; 18 July 1918 - 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and political leader who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as the president of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997. A Xhosa, Mandela was born into the Thembu royal family in Mvezo, Union of South Africa. He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg. There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics, joining the ANC in 1943 and co-founding its Youth League in 1944. After the National Party's white-only government established apartheid, a system of racial segregation that privileged whites, Mandela and the ANC committed themselves to its overthrow. He was appointed president of the ANC's Transvaal branch, rising to prominence for his involvement in the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People. He was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial. Influenced by Marxism, he secretly joined the banned South African Communist Party (SACP). Although initially committed to non-violent protest, in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant uMkhonto we Sizwe in 1961 and led a sabotage campaign against the government. He was arrested and imprisoned in 1962, and, following the Rivonia Trial, was sentenced to life imprisonment for conspiring to overthrow the state.

Question: UMandela wajoyina nini i-African National Congress?
Answer: 1943
ï»¿Bibi atusimulia hadithi  

Tulikusanyika kwa bibi  kuzisikiliza hadithi zake.  Usiku huo, tuliketi karibu  na meko bibi  alipotusimulia hadithi:  Sungura na Tembo  walikuwa majirani na pia  marafiki.  
Sungura alipenda uyoga,  lakini alikuwa mvivu sana.  Alizoea kuiba uyoga wa  Tembo.  Mwaka mmoja, Tembo  alipanda ndizi na maboga.  Kwa hivyo, Sungura  hakupata uyoga.  
Sungura alikosa chakula  kwa siku nyingi akaamua  kuiba ndizi za Tembo.  Tembo aligundua kwamba  ndizi zake zilikuwa  zikiibwa.  Alimwambia Sungura,  "Kuna mtu ananiibia."  
Sungura aliuliza,  "Anaweza kuwa nani  anayekuibia?"  Tembo alianza kuimba,  "Nitamshika mwizi! Aaa!  Nitamshika mwizi! Ooo!"  Sungura alikuwa na  wasiwasi sana.  
Tembo alimwuliza Kima  amchungie shamba lake.  Lakini, Sungura hakuiba  siku hiyo. Hakuiba siku  iliyofuata pia.  Kima alichoka kuchunga  akarudi nyumbani. 
Siku iliyofuata, Sungura  alienda shambani kwa  Tembo kuiba tena.  Tembo alipoenda kukagua  mimea yake, Sungura  alijificha katika matawi ya  maboga.  
Tembo aliyaona matawi  yakitingika akaanza  kuimba, "Nimemshika  mwizi! Aaa! Nimemshika  mwizi! Ooo!"  Tembo alitafuta kila  mahali lakini hakumpata  mwizi.  
Siku moja, Sungura  alipokuwa akila mazao ya  Tembo shambani, Tembo  aliwasili.  Sungura aliruka na  kujificha ndani ya boga  moja kubwa.  
Tembo aliliona lile boga  kubwa akasema, "Ooo!  Hapa kuna boga kubwa.  Litakuwa chakula changu  cha mchana."  Alilimeza papo hapo! 
Sungura alijaribu kuruka  nje ya lile boga, lakini  hakuweza.  Tembo alipohisi kitu  kikiruka tumboni mwake,  alijiuliza, "Hili ni boga aina  gani linaloruka tumboni?"  
Tembo alilitema nje lile  boga. Kabla kulikagua,  Sungura alijitosa nje  akatoroka.  Tembo hakuwahi  kumshika mwizi.  
Bibi alisema, "Na huo ndio  mwisho wa hadithi."  "Asante bibi," tulimjibu.  Tuliweka vikombe vyetu  vya maziwa. Tukaenda  kulala tukiwaza juu ya  hadithi hiyo ya bibi.  

 You are free to download, copy, translate or adapt this story and use the illustrations as long as you attribute in the following way:  Bibi atusimulia hadithi  Author - Mutai Chepkoech  Translation - Ursula Nafula  Illustration - Marleen Visser  Language - Kiswahili  Level - First paragraphs  Â© African Storybook Initiative 2016  Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0  Source www.africanstorybook.org 

Question: Nani alimchungia Tembo shamba lake
Answer: Kima
Edwards yitabye Imana Umunyamerika Torri Edwards yitabye Imana mu rubanza rwe rw'ibiyobyabwenge ruzagena niba umukinnyi w'ikirangirire ku birometero 100 azitabira imikino ya Athènes.

Question: Dɛn mu na Torri Edwards di akan sɛ mmirikafo?
Answer: metero 100
Umuvumbuzi w'umuhanga mu by'ubucuruzi witwa Trevor Baylis, umuhanga mu by'ubucuruzi uzwi cyane kubera ko yahimbye radiyo ikora nk'isaha yitwa Freeplay, ateganya gushyira sosiyete ye ku isoko ry'imari n'imigabane.

Question: Ònye bụ Trevor Baylis, gịnịkwa ka a maara ya maka ya?
Answer: Trevor Baylis, umuhanga mu
ASIYESIKIA LA MKUU HUVUNJIKA GUU
Methali h imetumiwa kumaanisha kwamba mtu yeyote asiyeyasikia ya wakubwa wake basi inabudi kuishia na majuto. Vilevile methali hii pia imetumiwa kumaanisha kwamba mtu anafaa kuyasikiliza ya wakubwa wake ili kuepukana na majuto. 
Naam Kajinga alikuwa kijana mfumbata moshi. Alikuwa kijana asiyetaka kujuwa be wala te. Kijana huyu hakuyasikia ya wazazi wala ya ulimwengu. Yake maskio aliyatia nta pande zote mbili. Kilakukicha aliwaaga wazazi wake akisema kuwa anaenda shule ila yote hayo hayakuwa hivyo. Jioni aliporudi nyumbani wazazi walimuuliza kuhusu madaftari yake ila alinuna na kuingia chumbani mwake. 
Siku zilipita bila ya Kajinga kuongea na wazazi wake. Shuleni nako hakufika wala walimu hawakupata habari yoyote kumhusu. Walimu walifika nyumbani kwa Kajinga haraka iwezekanavyo kabla mambo hayajaharibikia utotoni kama wahenga wasemavyo udongo uwahi angali mbichi. Wazazi wa Kajinga walishangazwa na haya kwani siku zote wameishi bila ya kumjua mwanao ndani na nje. 
Siku hiyo jioni yake waliamua kujifunga kibwebwe na kumsoma mwanao. Pindi walipo mwita alikuja vizuri na kuyasikiza waliotaka kuwaambia. Ingawa maneno yao yalikuwa ya kutia moyo ila kwa Kajinga ilikuwa sikio la kufa lisilo sikia dawa. Kajinga alirusha mikono na kutoka ghafla nje bila kutaka kujuwa ni wapi anakoenda. 
Mtaa mzima ulianza kuona mabadiliko ya kijana huyo kwa mara nyingi aliweza kuepuka kifo kwa kushikwa na visa vya wizi. Kisa kweli chururu si ndo ndo ndo kwani Kajinga alianza kuwa mwizi mkubwa katika benki kuu na mashamba ya watu. 
Hata bila ya kusahau yeye hakuwa mwizi pekee kwani pia alikuwa jangili wa mauaji. Wahenga hawakukosea walipononga kuwa kisicho fanana na mwenyewe ni cha kuiba. Nayo methali hiyo nigonga ndipo. Kwani tabia hii ya Kajinga haikufanana naye wala wazazi wake ila aliiba kutoka kwa mtu wa jirani yake.
Watu waliona maisha ya kijana huyu kuwaharibia rasilimali zao. Usisahau ubahana kwa kupawa unahodha kwani Kajinga alisahau alikotoka baada ya kupewa usukani na wenzake. Alianza kufanya mambo bila ya kufikiria anachofanya. Alijiunga na kundi la watu waendao kunywa na hata pia alifanya vitendo vyote vichafu bila ya kujali be wala te. Alifanya vitendo ambavyo hata shetani hangeweza kufanya.
Ilani yake ikawa mbio za sakafuni zishazo ukingoni. Nao kama wasemavyo wahenga mtaka yote hukosa yote kwani alichokitaka mwishowe usingetaka kukijua. Alfajiri ya alhamisi jua lilipokuwa limepambazuka ghafla simu za rununu ilipigwa nyumbani kwa akina Kajinga. Sauti ilisikika ikisema njooni mchukue maiti yenu. Baba mtu aliangusha simu chini na kutoka ghafla naye mama mtu akimfuata nyuma. Waliandamana hadi mochwari kuchukuwa mwili wa mwana wao wa pekee aliyekataa kusikia la mkuu wala la mwadhini. 
Methali hii inatufunza kuwasikiliza wavyele wetu hatakama wanarugwe kiasi gani kwasababu asiyefunzwa na mamaye basi ulimwengu utamfunza na mwisho wa kufunzwa na ulimwengu ni majuto. Tuwa heshimu wakubwa wetu na tutilie maanani wanayotufunza wakubwa wetu hata kama hawakutuzaa ili tusiyapitie majuto ya dunia.

Question: Nani alikuwa kijana mfumbata moto
Answer: Kajinga
Robert the Stewart was a grandson of Robert I by the latter's daughter, Marjorie. Having been born in 1316, he was older than his uncle, David II. Consequently, he was at his accession a middle-aged man, already 55, and unable to reign vigorously, a problem also faced by his son Robert III, who also ascended in middle age at 53 in 1390, and suffered lasting damage in a horse-riding accident. These two were followed by a series of regencies, caused by the youth of the succeeding five boy kings. Consequently, the Stewart era saw periods of royal inertia, during which the nobles usurped power from the crown, followed by periods of personal rule by the monarch, during which he or she would attempt to address the issues created by their minority and the long-term effects of previous reigns. Governing Scotland became increasingly difficult, as the powerful nobility became increasingly intractable. James I's attempts to curb the disorder of the realm ended in his assassination. James III was killed in a civil war between himself and the nobility, led by his son. When James IV, who had governed sternly and suppressed the aristocrats, died in the Battle of Flodden, his wife Margaret Tudor, who had been nominated regent for their young son James V, was unseated by noble feuding, and James V's wife, Mary of Guise, succeeded in ruling Scotland during the regency for her young daughter Mary I only by dividing and conquering the noble factions, distributing French bribes with a liberal hand. Finally, Mary I, the daughter of James V, found herself unable to govern Scotland faced with the surliness of the aristocracy and the intransigence of the population, who favored Calvinism and disapproved of her Catholicism. She was forced to abdicate, and fled to England, where she was imprisoned in various castles and manor houses for eighteen years and finally executed for treason against the English queen Elizabeth I. Upon her abdication, her son, fathered by Henry, Lord Darnley, a junior member of the Stewart family, became King as James VI.

Question: Hena ne Ɔhemmaa a ɔwɔ Scotland wɔ mpem mmienu ne aduonu baako?
Answer: queen Elizabeth
The ZAP was formed in 1999 as a merger of six parties; including the Agenda for Zambia (AZ), the Labour Party, the Lima Party, the National Christian Coalition (NCC), the National Party (NP) and the Zambia Democratic Congress (ZDC), as well as the National Pressure Group NGO, and was headed by ZDC leader Dean Mungomba.

Question: Ni lilali ibumba lya 'Zambia Alliance for Progress' lya pangilwe?
Answer: 1999