Young People and Gambling Report 2020
Source: data.gov.uk (2022-01-27)

Young People and Gambling Survey. The survey explores young people’s attitudes towards gambling and
their participation in different types of gambling activities, designed to provide a means of tracking these perceptions and behaviours over time.

Ipsos MORI |Technical Report
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020
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August 2020 
Young People & 
Gambling 2020 
Technical Report 
A research study among 11-16 year olds 
on behalf of the Gambling Commission 
Helen Motha, Julia Pye 
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Ipsos MORI |Technical Report
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
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with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 
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Ipsos MORI |Technical Report 
Contents 
Study methodology.................................................................................................................... 4 
Sampling..............................................................................................................................................5 
Schools recruitment .............................................................................................................................5 
Advance mailing ..................................................................................................................................5 
Recruitment .........................................................................................................................................5 
Fieldwork .............................................................................................................................................6 
Response rate .....................................................................................................................................6 
Weighting.............................................................................................................................................7 
Assessing the quality of the 2020 sample ............................................................................... 9 
Statistical reliability .........................................................................................................................12 
Problem Gambling Overview .................................................................................................. 17 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Ipsos MORI | Technical Report 
Study methodology 
Overview 
Ipsos MORI, on behalf of the Gambling Commission, has conducted research among 11-16 year olds to 
identify participation rates in gambling, the prevalence of problem gambling, and to explore gambling 
behaviour and attitudes among young people. The research has been conducted as part of Ipsos 
MORI’s annual Young People Omnibus (YPO) for the past seven years and this technical report 
provides more detail on how the 2020 survey was carried out.1 
The survey examined gambling behaviours, such as where young people gamble and with whom, 
perceptions of gambling and awareness of gambling advertising. The survey also asked a series of 
questions relating to potential issues associated with gambling and utilised the DSM-IV-MR-J2 problem 
gambling screen to classify gamblers as low risk, moderate risk or problem gamblers. 
The research was conducted in schools, with pupils completing online self-completion surveys in class. 
Fieldwork for the 2020 study was forced to end before it was complete, as all British schools were closed 
during the scheduled fieldwork period due to lockdown restrictions prompted by COVID-19. The study 
collected data from a sample of 1,645 11-16 year olds that was broadly representative of young people 
in England and Scotland, comprising 1,438 11-16 year olds attending academies and maintained 
schools in England and 207 young people attending maintained schools in Scotland. Fieldwork in Wales 
was scheduled to take place at a date after the lockdown restrictions came into force and for that reason 
data from Welsh schools are not included in this year’s study. For this reason, comparisons with 
previous year’s results should be taken as indicative only given the differences in sample. 
In this report we describe the methodology used to run the survey, then analyse the quality of the sample 
achieved at the point fieldwork was stopped, and in the final chapter set out how a few of the key 
‘problem gambling’ metrics produced by the study are derived. 
Objectives 
The overall aim of this research study was to explore gambling behaviours and attitudes. The survey 
covered the following key issues: 
o Young people’s rates of gambling on different types of activities; 
o Behaviour patterns of young people in relation to gambling, for example where and when they 
gamble and who they are with at the time; 
o Perceptions and awareness of gambling advertisements/sponsorships; 
o Gauging problem gambling among young people, in order to draw comparisons with earlier 
studies; 
1 In 2011 and 2012 a small number of questions relating to gambling participation were included on the Ipsos MORI Young People Omnibus, on 
behalf of the National Lottery Commission. The data from the 2011 and 2012 surveys are referenced in reporting of gambling participation over 
time. 
2 A revised version of the adult DSM-IV screening instrument as developed by Dr S. Fisher, 2000. 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Ipsos MORI | Technical Report 
o Gambling-related harms, which, following a 2019 pilot, was asked about for the first time in 2020; 
and, 
o Experience of online gambling, ‘gambling style’ games and in-game items. 
Research design 
Sampling 
The Young People’s Omnibus (YPO) aims to represent pupils in curriculum years 7 to 11 (S1 to S5 
Scotland) attending academies and maintained secondary and middle schools in England, Wales and 
Scotland. 
A three-stage sampling method was used: 
1. In England and Wales, a sample of schools was selected from DfE’s ‘Get Information About 
Schools’ database (a comprehensive listing of secondary schools in England and Wales). 
Special schools and sixth form colleges were excluded from the sampling frame. The frame was 
stratified by Government Office Region (GOR) and, within each stratum, schools were selected 
proportional to the number of pupils attending the school. In total 349 schools were selected to 
participate in the survey. In Scotland, a sample of 26 schools was selected from the Scottish 
Government's school contacts database. The sample was stratified by LA and school size. 
2. One or two curriculum year groups (Year 7-Year 11) were selected at random for each school. 
Teachers were asked to select only mixed ability class groups from the selected year groups to 
take part in the survey. 
3. All members of a randomly-selected class group within the nominated curriculum year(s) were 
selected to fill out the self-completion survey. 
Schools recruitment 
To maintain comparability, the sampling of schools has remained consistent year on year. However, the 
way in which schools are recruited evolves to respond to technological developments and the increasing 
demands that are made on schools. 
Advance mailing 
All schools in the main sample for England and Wales received a pack of information in early January. 
The pack included: a letter informing them about the survey, a leaflet containing more information on 
how the data would be used and contact details for the Ipsos MORI Young People Omnibus team. The 
packs were addressed to a named head teacher. 
In Scotland, the first step was to send a letter to local authorities which contain schools in the sample 
frame. Local authorities were informed about the survey and given the option to opt out of the research, 
on behalf of schools in their area. 
Recruitment 
At the start of January, the Ipsos MORI Young People Omnibus research team conducted a face-to-face 
briefing to inform recruiters about the survey content, update them of any changes, and share ideas and 
tips for encouraging schools’ participation. Recruiters were allocated sample in batches, which contains 
a mix of regions (to avoid bias). The sample included contact details for the school. Recruiters made 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Ipsos MORI | Technical Report 
contact with all schools in their sample to a) gain head teacher consent for the school to participate, b) 
collect contact details for a liaison person within the school (usually the teacher for the selected class), c) 
select one class from the nominated curriculum year group for the school, and d) arrange a time and 
date when the class intends to take part in the online survey. Recruiters managed this process by using 
an electronic booking system, which the research team also access to monitor the response rate. In 
2020, all schools participating in the Young People Omnibus were offered a £100 cash incentive, 
consistent with the approach used for other surveys using the same methodology in schools. Schools 
were also offered a teaching pack, containing free data and example exercises to use in their classes, 
and an infographic A3 poster highlighting key findings from YPO surveys to display in class. Once a 
school agreed to participate a confirmation email was sent, providing schools with their individual online 
survey link, a template for letters to parents and further information to administer the survey. Hard copies 
of the parent letter and information booklets for participating students are sent at the same time by post. 
Fieldwork 
Once schools agreed to take part in the study, Ipsos MORI provided each class teacher with a unique 
survey link for their school, a short introductory presentation to use at the start of the session and a short 
survey for the class teacher to provide details about the group completing the survey. Class teachers 
were advised that the online questionnaire would take 30 minutes and should be completed in a 
classroom setting. Ipsos MORI also sent a test link to the school in advance of the survey session, to 
check the link was working correctly and was compatible with the school’s online security procedures. 
This is the second year the survey has been carried out exclusively online. 
Fieldwork for the study was scheduled to run from 27th January to 30 May 2020 but was stopped on the 
20th March. The fieldwork was incomplete at the time that lockdown restrictions due to COVID-19 meant 
that all schools in Great Britain were closed. 
The team considered, but ruled out, alternative ways of completing the fieldwork such as using an online 
panel to recruit 11-16 year olds to complete the survey at home, or asking school staff to disseminate the 
survey link for pupils to complete at home. Previous research has highlighted that children and young 
people are less likely to admit to illegal or socially undesirable behaviour when surveyed in their homes 
rather than in schools because of the ‘bystander effect’ (i.e. the risk of parents/family members seeing 
their responses)3. As such, the team felt that the alternative surveying methods available were unlikely to 
deliver findings that were comparable with the first part of the fieldwork and previous years of the study. 
Response rate 
As fieldwork was paused before recruitment had finished, the response rate figures do not give a clear 
picture of the success of the recruitment procedures and/or schools’ willingness to take part in the study, 
However, the response rate figures based on the number of schools that had participated in the study at 
the point fieldwork was paused are given here. 
Of the 349 schools approached in England and Wales, 40 schools participated before recruitment and 
fieldwork was paused, giving an unadjusted school response rate of 11% at the point that schools locked 
down. However, another 19 schools had agreed to take part, of which 18 had scheduled a time for the 
surveying session (a strong indicator that they were likely to complete the survey) – assuming all 19 had 
completed the survey, the response rate would increase to 17%.4 Overall, fully completed 
3 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10847214/ 
4 The 2019 response rate was 21%: note that recruitment was incomplete at the point schools locked down and so the 2020 response rate 
would likely have been higher than 17% if recruitment had been able to continue. 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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questionnaires were obtained from 1,438 pupils aged 11-16 years across 76 class groups; an average of 
19 pupils per class. 
In Scotland, from a sample of 26 schools, 7 agreed to participate, giving an unadjusted response rate of 
27%. In total, 207 pupils from 14 classes participated in Scotland. 
Weighting 
A detailed sample profile is provided in the next chapter. The sample of pupils surveyed was fairly well 
balanced on key demographic variables and by region: there was a slight over-representation of boys 
and older pupils in the 2020 sample, but weights applied to the data have corrected for this 
imbalance. The main gap in the sample is that no students / schools in Wales took part in the 2020 
YPO. This was purely a chance occurrence, and due to the fact that no Welsh schools had scheduled 
surveying sessions before lockdown. This means that findings represent the views of 11-16 year olds in 
England and Scotland only. 
Data are weighted by gender, age and region. The weights were derived from data supplied by the 
following sources: 
For England, the Department for Education: Taken from Table 1c in Schools pupils and their 
characteristics See https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/schools-pupils-and-their-characteristics­
january-2019 
For Scotland, Scottish Government’s school contacts database. See 
https://www2.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/School-Education/dspupcensus/dspupcensus18 
The effect of weighting is shown in the sample profile. 
In previous years, figures from the YPO have been grossed up to provide estimates of the number of 
young gamblers in Great Britain. However, given the smaller sample size in 2020 and the decision not to 
publish a full report, we have not provided grossed-up estimates in the technical report this year. 
Presentation and interpretation of data 
When interpreting the findings, it is important to remember that results are based on a sample of the 
maintained school population, and not the entire population. Consequently, results are subject to 
sampling tolerances, and not all differences between sub-groups are statistically significant. A guide to 
statistical significance is included in the ‘Statistical reliability’ section of this technical report. 
When interpreting trends in the data over time, please note that there have been methodological 
improvements made to the survey over time which impact the ability to analyse trends. Between 2013 
and 2017 the survey was wholly administered using paper self-completion questionnaires. In 2018, the 
survey trialled a split methodology of online and paper self-completion questionnaires. Given the 
success of the online approach in 2018, the decision was taken to administer the Young People 
Omnibus fully online in 2019, to ensure better data quality and survey routing control. Figure 1. illustrates 
changes in the way the survey has been conducted since 2011 in order to improve our approach to data 
collection. 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Figure 1. Changes to the research design over time (2011-2020) 
Online methodology but 
fieldwork incomplete 
due to COVID-19, and 
lack of Wales data 
Paper based self 
completion survey. 
Base size: 2,487 11 
15 year olds in 
England and Wales. 
9 questions 
asked in 2011 
Survey expanded 
to 25 questions, 
to include the 
DSM IV MR J 
youth adapted 
problem 
gambling screen. 
Survey expanded to 
report on Scotland and 
16 year olds. 
Base size: 2,766 11 16 
year olds in England, 
Scotland & Wales 
In 2018 the survey 
adopted a split 
methodology 
schools 
could opt to complete 
the survey either online 
or on paper. 
In 2019 the 
survey 
moved fully 
online. 
45 questions 
asked in 2020 
2011 
2012 
2013 
2014 
2015 
2016 
2017 
2018 
2019 
2020 
In tables and charts, where percentages do not add up to 100%, this is due to multiple answers, to 
computer rounding, or to the exclusion of ‘Don’t know’ or ‘No response’ categories. Throughout the 
tables an asterisk (*) denotes a value greater than zero, but less than 0.5%. 
Acknowledgements 
It is clear that schools are increasingly working under great pressure from a number of different sources 
and that they receive numerous requests to participate in surveys such as this. We would like to thank 
the many schools that took part and we are indebted to all pupils and staff who made this survey 
possible. 
Publication of data 
As with all our studies, these results are subject to our Standard Terms and Conditions of Contract. Any 
publication of results requires the prior approval of Ipsos MORI. Such approval will only be refused on 
the grounds of inaccuracy and misrepresentation. 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Assessing the quality of the 2020 
sample 
As fieldwork was incomplete at the point that it was forced to stop due to COVID-related school closures, 
and the sample was not exhausted, in this section we analyse the quality of the achieved sample from a 
few perspectives. First, we review the profile of the achieved sample. We then consider the levels of 
statistical confidence associated with the sample sizes that were achieved, which were smaller than the 
target sample size for YPO. Next, we look at how our sample compares to the population profile of 
young people aged 11-16, and how the profile of participating school compares with the profile of all 
schools eligible to be sampled for YPO. 
Sample profile 
Table 1 outlines the details of the sample profile for the 2020 study; covering all 11-16 year olds who 
participated in the YPO. Table 2 compares the sample profile for the current project with the previous 
waves of the study. 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
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Table 1: Sample profile 2020 
Sample profile – 2020 
Number 
surveyed 
Unweighted 
(%) 
Weighted (%) 
Total5
1,645 
100 
100 
Gender of Pupils 
Male 
728 
44 
49 
Female 
850 
52 
47 
In another way 
29 
2 
2 
Prefer not to say 
38 
2 
2 
Age of Pupils 
11 
113 
7 
9 
12 
252 
15 
20 
13 
344 
21 
21 
14 
332 
20 
20 
15 
392 
24 
19 
16 
203 
12 
11 
Year of Pupils6
7 
249 
15 
21 
8 
322 
20 
20 
9 
315 
19 
20 
10 
392 
24 
20 
11 
367 
22 
19 
Ethnic Origin 
White 
1228 
75 
75 
BME 
383 
23 
23 
Prefer not to say 
34 
2 
2 
Region 
London 
202 
12 
14 
South East 
407 
25 
14 
South West 
127 
8 
9 
North East 
27 
2 
4 
North West 
86 
5 
12 
East of England 
96 
6 
10 
East Midlands 
123 
7 
8 
West Midlands 
136 
8 
10 
Yorkshire & Humberside 
234 
14 
9 
Scotland 
207 
13 
8 
5 Where responses do not sum to 100% this is due to rounding or some children selecting ‘not stated’ 
6 For Scotland year groups S1 = Year 7, S2 = Year 8, S3 = Year 9, S4 = Year 10 and S5 = Year 11 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
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Table 2: Sample profile 2013-2020 
Sample profile 
2013 2020 
Weighted 
2013 
% 
2014 
% 
2015 
% 
2016 
% 
2017 
% 
2018 
% 
2019 
% 
2020 
% 
Total 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
Gender of 
Pupils 
Male 
50 
50 
50 
51 
50 
50 
49 
49 
Female 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
48 
47 
Age of Pupils7
11 
9 
8 
9 
10 
7 
5 
7 
9 
12 
20 
19 
19 
20 
21 
22 
21 
20 
13 
20 
20 
19 
20 
20 
22 
21 
21 
14 
20 
21 
21 
19 
21 
20 
20 
20 
15 
19 
20 
21 
21 
18 
20 
20 
19 
16 
12 
11 
11 
10 
13 
11 
12 
11 
Year of Pupils 
7 
19 
19 
19 
20 
21 
21 
21 
21 
8 
20 
20 
20 
20 
21 
21 
21 
20 
9 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
20 
10 
21 
20 
20 
20 
20 
19 
20 
20 
11 
20 
21 
21 
20 
19 
19 
18 
19 
Region 
London 
13 
14 
14 
14 
14 
13 
14 
14 
South East 
15 
15 
15 
15 
14 
16 
14 
14 
South West 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
6 
9 
9 
North East 
5 
5 
5 
5 
4 
-
4 
4 
North West 
13 
12 
12 
12 
12 
-
11 
12 
North 
-
-
-
-
-
16 
-
-
East of England 
11 
11 
11 
11 
10 
10 
10 
10 
East Midlands 
8 
9 
9 
8 
8 
8 
8 
8 
West Midlands 
10 
11 
11 
11 
10 
11 
10 
10 
Yorkshire & 
Humberside 
10 
10 
10 
10 
9 
9 
9 
9 
Wales 
7 
6 
6 
5 
4 
4 
4 
-
Scotland 
-
-
-
-
7 
7 
7 
8 
7 For Scotland year groups S1 = Year 7, S2 = Year 8, S3 = Year 9, S4 = Year 10 and S5 = Year 11 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Statistical reliability 
As with any survey, the findings from YPO are subject to confidence intervals – that is, the variation 
between the results we find from our sample of 1,645 respondents and the ‘true values’ that would have 
been obtained if the entire population of 11-16 year olds in the country had been surveyed. Confidence 
intervals allow us to predict the variation between the sample results and the true values from knowledge 
of the size of the samples on which the results are based and the number of times that a particular 
answer is given. The confidence with which we can make this prediction is usually chosen to be 95% ­
that is, the chances are 95 in 100 that the true value will fall within a specified range. Confidence 
intervals vary depending on the results obtained from our sample (i.e. the % results at each question), 
and the number of respondents taking part. As the number of respondents taking part in the 2020 YPO 
is smaller than the standard YPO samples, the confidence intervals are slightly wider than in a usual 
wave of YPO (see Table 3 below). 
As illustrated, the level of confidence in questions answered by the whole sample is only slightly lower 
than usual – a sample of 1,645 is still a large and robust sample (many opinion polls of the general 
public, for example, are based on 1,000 responses from the British population, although note that 
respondents to those polls are not necessarily as “clustered” geographically as pupils in the YPO survey 
are). Where we see a greater impact of the smaller sample is in our level of confidence in sub-group 
estimates and our ability to track changes in these over time – for example, where we want to look at 
responses for a single age group, or disadvantaged pupils, or those giving a particular response (e.g. 
those who have gambled in the past week). In practice, the main impact of the smaller samples will be 
that we are less likely than usual to detect changes among specific groups, because we will need to see 
bigger changes in the findings before we are confident that differences are reflections of real changes in 
the wider population (see Table 4). 
Table 3: Confidence intervals for 2019 and 2020 achieved samples, overall and for key subgroups 
Number 
surveyed 
2019 YPO 
Confidence interval 
2019* 
Number surveyed 
2020 YPO 
Confidence 
interval 2020* 
Total sample 
2,943 
+/- 1.8% 
1,645 
+/- 2.4% 
Girls 
1,312 
+/- 2.7% 
850 
+/- 3.4% 
Boys 
1,541 
+/- 2.5% 
728 
+/- 3.6% 
Year 7 
598 
+/- 4.0% 
249 
+/- 6.2% 
Year 8 
569 
+/- 4.1% 
322 
+/- 5.5% 
Year 9 
454 
+/- 4.6% 
315 
+/- 5.5% 
Year 10 
753 
+/- 3.6% 
392 
+/- 5.0% 
Year 11 
569 
+/- 4.1% 
367 
+/- 5.1% 
White 
2,308 
+/- 2.0% 
1228 
+/- 2.8% 
BME 
590 
+/- 4.0% 
383 
+/-5.0% 
Eligible for Free 
School Meals 
320 
+/- 5.5% 
153 
+/- 7.9% 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
   
 
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Ipsos MORI | Technical Report 
* Assumes 95% confidence level. Although, strictly speaking, the confidence intervals shown here apply to simple random samples, in practice 
they offer an approximation for the complex design used by the current study. 
When results are compared between separate groups within a sample, different results may be obtained. 
The difference may be “real”, or it may occur by chance (because not everyone in the population has 
been interviewed). To test if the difference is a real one - i.e. if it is “statistically significant”, we again 
have to know the size of the samples, the percentage giving a certain answer and the degree of 
confidence chosen. If we assume the “95% confidence interval”, the differences between the two sample 
results must be greater than the values given in the Table 4 below: 
Table 4: Levels of statistical reliability in comparing findings on YPO 
Size of sample compared 
Differences required for significance at or near these 
percentage levels 
10% or 90% 
30% or 70% 
50% 
+ 
+ 
+ 
100 and 100 
8 
13 
14 
250 and 100 
7 
11 
12 
500 and 250 
5 
7 
8 
500 and 500 
4 
6 
6 
1,000 and 500 
3 
5 
5 
1,000 and 1,000 
3 
4 
4 
1,500 and 1,000 
2 
4 
4 
1,645 and 2,943 (e.g. 2020 vs. 2019 YPO 
2 
2 
3 
sample sizes) 
Source: Ipsos MORI 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
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Ipsos MORI | Technical Report 
How does our sample of schools compare to the population profile? 
In this section we analyse how the sample of participating schools compares with the population of 
schools that are eligible for YPO (i.e. maintained secondary schools in England, Wales and Scotland). 
The information for England and Wales is drawn from DfE’s ‘Get Into Schools’ database, and the 
equivalent for Scotland. Less detailed information is available on the sampling frames for schools in 
Wales and Scotland, and the analysis is based on the information available for each country for each 
variable. We analyse the profiles of schools for a range of variables, including: school type; regional 
distribution; urban/rural profile; latest Ofsted rating; school size; and proportion of pupils eligible for free 
school meals. 
Figures for England and Wales for type of establishment are shown below (similar categories are not 
available on the sampling frame for Scotland where all schools are listed as comprehensive). The 
proportions in the population, starting sample, and participating sample of schools are similar, although 
no Welsh schools took part in the survey. No free schools took part in YPO 2020; in practice, free 
schools are very similar to academies so this is unlikely to introduce any bias in the sample.8 
Table 5: Profile of school type for school population and YPO starting/ participating sample 
Population (all schools 
eligible to be sampled) 
% 
All schools sampled 
for YPO 2020 
% 
Schools participating 
in YPO 2020 
% 
Academies 
65 
69 
73 
Free Schools 
7 
2 
0 
Local authority maintained 
schools 
22 
22 
28 
Welsh schools 
5 
6 
0 
Grand Total 
3583 
349 
40 
The regional breakdown of the population, starting sample, and participating sample is shown below. 
The participating sample over-represents schools in the South East and Yorkshire and Humber 
compared with the starting sample and population, and underrepresents schools in the East of England 
and North West. As highlighted above, no Welsh schools were recruited before lockdown began. 
8 According to new schools network: “Free schools are legally academies. They are held accountable through the same mechanisms – 
principally the Funding Agreement between the Secretary of State for Education and the Academy Trust which operates the free 
school or academy. However, free schools are set up through a specific application process.” 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Ipsos MORI | Technical Report 
Table 6: Regional profile for school population and YPO starting/ participating sample 
Population (all schools 
eligible to be sampled) 
% 
All schools sampled 
for YPO 2020 
% 
Schools participating 
in YPO 2020 
% 
East Midlands 
8 
8 
8% 
East of England 
11 
11 
5% 
London 
14 
14 
13% 
North East 
5 
4 
3% 
North West 
13 
13 
8% 
South East 
14 
14 
28% 
South West 
10 
9 
10% 
Wales 
5 
6 
0% 
West Midlands 
12 
11 
10% 
Yorkshire and the Humber 
9 
9 
18% 
Grand Total 
3583 
349 
40 
The distribution of urban and rural schools in England and Wales is broadly similar to the population, 
with 88% of participating schools being located in urban areas compared with 85% of the population. 
Basic rurality data is available for Scotland and shows that all participating schools in Scotland were 
located in urban areas compared with 81% of the schools sampled. 
Table 7: Rural/urban profile for school population and YPO starting/ participating sample 
Population (all 
schools eligible to 
be sampled) 
% 
All schools 
sampled for 
YPO 2020 
% 
Schools 
participating in 
YPO 2020 
% 
Rural hamlet and isolated dwellings 
2 
2 
0 
Rural hamlet and isolated dwellings in a 
sparse setting 
0 
0 
0 
Rural town and fringe 
10 
10 
5 
Rural town and fringe in a sparse 
setting 
1 
1 
0 
Rural village 
2 
2 
8 
Rural village in a sparse setting 
0 
0 
0 
Urban city and town 
46 
47 
55 
Urban city and town in a sparse setting 
0 
1 
0 
Urban major conurbation 
36 
34 
28 
Urban minor conurbation 
3 
4 
5 
All urban 
85 
85 
88 
All rural 
15 
15 
12 
Grand Total 
3396 
309 
40 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
    
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Ipsos MORI | Technical Report 
The most recent Ofsted ratings are listed for 80% of schools on the ‘Get Into Schools’ database. The 
distribution is similar for the participating sample and the population, although ‘Good’ schools are slightly 
under-represented among participating schools. 
Table 8: Ofsted ratings (where available) for school population and YPO starting/ participating 
sample 
Population (all schools 
eligible to be sampled) 
% 
All schools sampled 
for YPO 2020 
% 
Schools participating 
in YPO 2020 
% 
Good 
62 
61 
54 
Outstanding 
17 
21 
24 
Requires improvement 
17 
16 
22 
Serious Weaknesses 
1 
1 
0 
Special Measures 
2 
1 
0 
Grand Total 
2719 
231 
37 
The table below shows the average number of pupils in schools, and the average % eligible for Free 
School Meals. The figures for the population, starting sample and participating sample are similar. 
Table 9: School size, and average % pupils eligible for free school meals for school population 
and YPO starting/ participating sample 
Average number of pupils 
(England and Wales) 
Average % FSM (England 
and Wales) 
Population (all schools 
eligible to be sampled) 
% 
983 
15 
All schools sampled 
for YPO 2020 
% 
1130 
14 
Schools participating 
in YPO 2020 
% 
1197 
12 
Average number of pupils 
Scotland 
802 
873 
825 
The sample of schools participating in YPO 2020 is broadly representative of the population, with a 
similar profile in terms of types of establishment, school size, and urbanity profile. There were some 
differences by region in the profile of our achieved sample compared with the population, but regional 
weights applied to the data will correct for any regional bias this might have introduced to the findings. 
The sample does not include any schools in Wales, and therefore findings are only representative of the 
views of young people in England and Scotland. 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Ipsos MORI | Technical Report 
Problem Gambling Overview 
Problem gambling screen definitions 
The DSM-IV-MR-J9 problem gambling screen was administered as part of the module of questions 
asked about gambling, and the outputs used to define typologies of gamblers. Table 9 indicates how the 
questions asked in 2020 mapped onto the DSM-IV-MR-J problem gambling screen components. 
Table 9: Problem and non-problem gambler criteria from the DSM-IV-MR-J screen 
2020 
Question 
No. 
DSM IV 
criteria 
Question wording: ‘In the past 12 months …’ 
If any of the following answer 
criteria are ticked, that qualifies as 
1 point 
QH12 
Preoccupation 
How often have you found yourself thinking about 
gambling or planning to gamble 
‘Often’ 
QH13 
Escape 
How often have you gambled to help you escape 
from problems or when you were feeling bad 
‘Sometimes’ or ‘often’ 
QH14 
Withdrawal 
Have you felt bad or fed up when trying to cut 
down on gambling 
‘Sometimes’ or ‘often’ 
QH15 
Tolerance 
Have you needed to gamble with more and more 
money to get the amount of excitement you want 
‘Sometimes’ or ‘often’ 
QH16 
Loss of control 
Have you ever spent much more than you planned 
to on gambling 
‘Sometimes’ or ‘often’ 
QH17 
Illegal acts 
Have you ever taken money from any of the 
following without permission to spend on 
gambling: 
Dinner money or fare money 
Money from family 
Money from things you’ve sold 
Money from outside the family 
Somewhere else 
If any one or more of these options 
are ticked, then qualifies for one point 
in total 
QH18 
Risked 
relationships 
Has your gambling ever led to the following: 
a) Arguments with family/friends or others 
d) Missing school 
If any of the following are ticked, then 
qualifies for one point in total: ‘once 
or twice’, ‘sometimes’ or ‘often’ 
QH18b 
Lying 
Has your gambling ever led to the following: 
b) Telling lies to family/friends or others 
‘Once or twice’ ‘sometimes’ or ‘often’ 
QH19 
Chasing 
After losing money by gambling, have you returned 
another day to try to win back the money you lost 
‘More than half the time’ or ‘every 
time’ 
9 A revised version of the adult DSM-IV screening instrument as developed by Dr S. Fisher, 2000. 
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Ipsos MORI | Technical Report 
18
Problem gambling screen analysis 
The DSM-IV-MR-J screen was applied in three key steps. Young people who did not answer any 
questions across the DSM screen questions were excluded, as were those who did not indicate they had 
gambled in the past 12 months. Those remaining were all included in the screen. 
Points were then awarded to each respondent based on the answers they gave during the screening 
questions. A full list of the points awarded for each question is shown in the table above. 
Young people included in the screener were then categorised into one of three categories: ‘problem’ 
gamblers (for anyone scoring 4 or more points); ‘at risk’ gamblers for anyone who scored 2-3 points and 
‘non-problem’ gamblers (for anyone who scored 0-1 points). 
The following table presents results for 11-16 year olds, based on screening from the full dataset for 
2020. In total the results indicate that amongst 11-16 year olds in 2020 31.9% of children were identified 
as non-problem gamblers (unweighted n=522), 2.7% as at-risk gamblers (n=50) and 1.9% as ‘problem’ 
gamblers (n=28). Just under two-thirds (63.4%) of 11-16 year olds were non-gamblers in the last 12 
months. Table 12 below outlines the proportions for each category by age and gender. 
Table 10: Prevalence of non-problem, at risk or problem gambling (11-16 year olds) amongst key 
sub-groups (unweighted n, weighted % shown) 
Base size, 
2020 
Type of gambler 
Non problem 
At risk 
Problem 
Non gambler 
Total 
1,645 
31.9% 
(n=522) 
2.7% 
(n=50) 
1.9% 
(n=28) 
63.0% 
(n=1,043) 
Gender 
Boys 
728 
32.1% (n=237) 
3.6% (n=32) 
2.8% (n=19) 
62% (n=440) 
Girls 
850 
31.9% (n=266) 
1.3% (n=12) 
0.3% (n=3) 
66% (n=568) 
Age 
11 
113 
28.0% (n=30) 
0.6% (n=1) 
3.0% (n=3) 
68% (n=79) 
12 
252 
29.8% (n=74) 
1.7% (n=4) 
0.6% (n=1) 
68% (n=173) 
13 
344 
29.5% (n=100) 
4.1% (n=16) 
0.9% (n=3) 
65% (n=224) 
14 
332 
31.0% (n=102) 
3.2% (n=12) 
1.6% (n=5) 
64% (n=212) 
15 
392 
34.7% (n=137) 
1.2% (n=6) 
2.6% (n=9) 
62% (n=240) 
16 
203 
40.5% (n=77) 
4.9% (n=9) 
3.5% (n=5) 
51% (n=112) 
Base: Children aged 11-16 who were eligible for screening 
xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and 
with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Ipsos MORI | Technical Report 
Ipsos MORI’s standards 
and accreditations 
Ipsos MORI’s standards and accreditations provide our clients with the peace of mind that they can 
always depend on us to deliver reliable, sustainable findings. Our focus on quality and continuous 
improvement means we have embedded a ‘right first time’ approach throughout our organisation. 
ISO 20252 
This is the international market research specific standard that supersedes BS 
7911/MRQSA and incorporates IQCS (Interviewer Quality Control Scheme). It covers 
the five stages of a Market Research project. Ipsos MORI was the first company in the 
world to gain this accreditation.
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This is the international standard for information security designed to ensure the 
selection of adequate and proportionate security controls. Ipsos MORI was the first 
research company in the UK to be awarded this in August 2008. 
ISO 9001 
This is the international general company standard with a focus on continual 
improvement through quality management systems. In 1994, we became one of the 
early adopters of the ISO 9001 business standard. 
Market Research Society (MRS) Company Partnership 
By being an MRS Company Partner, Ipsos MORI endorses and supports the core MRS 
brand values of professionalism, research excellence and business effectiveness, and 
commits to comply with the MRS Code of Conduct throughout the organisation. 
Data Protection Act 2018 
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data and the protection of privacy. 
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with the Ipsos MORI Terms and Conditions which can be found at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/terms. © The Gambling Commission 2020 

 
  
 
 
 
  
   
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
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Ipsos MORI | Technical Report
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xx-xxxx-xxxx | Version 1 | Internal & Client Use Only | This work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the international quality standard for Market Research, ISO 20252, and
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