Check if you need an environmental permit
Source: gov.uk (2025-03-25)

Permits for installations, medium combustion plant, specified generator, waste or mining waste operations, water discharge or groundwater activities, or work on or near a main river or sea defence.

You may need an environmental permit if you do an activity that could:
- pollute the air, water or land
- increase flood risk
- adversely affect land drainage
You are breaking the law if you operate without a permit when you should have one.

What you need a permit for

You need an environmental permit if you operate any of the following:
- an ‘installation’ – an industrial facility, manufacturer or other business that produces potentially harmful substances, for example a landfill site, a large chicken farm, a food factory, a furniture factory, a dry cleaners, a petrol station
- a waste operation – a site where waste is recycled, stored, treated or disposed of
- a mining waste operation – a site which manages waste produced from mines or quarries
- a medium combustion plant or specified generator
- a small waste incineration plant – where certain types and quantities of waste are burned
- mobile plant – plant that’s designed to move or be moved, for example a machine that’s moved onto a site to clean contaminated soil
- a solvent emission activity – releasing organic solvents directly or indirectly into the air
Unless your activity is an ‘exclusion’ or an ‘exemption’, you need an environmental permit if you carry out:
- a stand-alone water discharge activity that involves releasing polluting liquids to surface water such as rivers or streams
- a stand-alone groundwater activity that involves releasing polluting liquids directly or indirectly to water underground
You need an environmental permit for an activity which involves radioactive substances.

You may need an environmental permit for flood risk activities if you do work:
- in, under, over or near a main river (including where the river is in a culvert)
- on or near a flood defence on a main river
- in the flood plain of a main river
- on or near a sea defence
Check if you need a permit and who to apply to

Depending on your activity and the pollution risk, you need to apply to the Environment Agency or your local council. If it’s the Environment Agency, there’s guidance for each activity. This explains whether there are:
- exclusions - when you do not need a permit
- exemptions - when you do not need a permit but you may need to register
Installation

Check whether your activity is classed as ‘Part A1’, ‘Part A2’ or ‘Part B’ in appendices 1 and 2 of the guidance on the meaning of ‘regulated facility’ (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/rgn-2-understanding-the-meaning-of-regulated-facility).

Apply to the Environment Agency if your activity is listed as ‘Part A1’ (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/a1-installations-environmental-permits).

Apply to your local council if your activity is listed as ‘Part A2’ or ‘Part B’ (https://www.gov.uk/local-authority-environmental-permit).

Waste or mining waste operation

Read the guidance on permits for waste and how to apply (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/waste-environmental-permits). Permits are managed by the Environment Agency.

Medium combustion plant or specified generator

Read the guidance on permits for medium combustion plant and specified generators and how to apply (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/medium-combustion-plant-and-specified-generators-environmental-permits). Permits are managed by the Environment Agency.

Small waste incineration plant

Read the guidance on waste incineration (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/environmental-permitting-guidance-the-waste-incineration-directive) to check which permit you need and who to apply to.

Mobile plant

Apply to the Environment Agency if the mobile plant deals with waste (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/waste-environmental-permits). Apply to your local council for other mobile plant permits (https://www.gov.uk/local-authority-environmental-permit).

Solvent emissions activity

Apply to your local council for solvent emissions activity permits (https://www.gov.uk/local-authority-environmental-permit).

Stand-alone water discharge or groundwater activity

Read the guidance on permits for discharges to surface water and groundwater (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/discharges-to-surface-water-and-groundwater-environmental-permits) to check whether you need a permit for your activity. Permits are managed by the Environment Agency.

Flood risk activities on or near a main river or sea defence

Read the guidance on flood risk activities on or near a main river or sea defence (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/flood-risk-activities-environmental-permits). Permits are managed by the Environment Agency.

Radioactive substances

Read the guidance on how to apply for nuclear sites (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/nuclear-sites-rsr-environmental-permits) or non-nuclear sites (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/non-nuclear-rsr-environmental-permits). Permits are managed by the Environment Agency.

If you’re not sure what to do

If you think you need a permit you can ask the Environment Agency for advice before you apply (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/get-advice-before-you-apply-for-an-environmental-permit).