Trading and moving goods in and out of Northern Ireland
Source: gov.uk (2025-12-10)

How to prepare if you trade and move goods in and out of Northern Ireland.

This guidance explains what you may need to do if you either:
- trade or move goods between Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and Northern Ireland
- import goods into Northern Ireland from outside the UK and from outside the EU
- move goods between Northern Ireland and the EU
Before you move goods

Before you move goods between Northern Ireland and non-EU countries (including Great Britain)
- If you plan to move goods between Northern Ireland and non-EU countries (including Great Britain), you may need an EORI number starting XI (https://www.gov.uk/eori/eori-northern-ireland).
- If you plan to move goods between Northern Ireland and Great Britain, or bring goods into Northern Ireland from outside the UK, you can sign up for the free Trader Support Service (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/trader-support-service).
- If you’re not using the Trader Support Service, you can get someone to deal with customs for you (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/appoint-someone-to-deal-with-customs-on-your-behalf), or find a training provider (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/list-of-customs-training-providers) to help you.
- If you bring goods into Northern Ireland, you can find out how to bring your goods into Northern Ireland from Great Britain without paying duty (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-can-bring-your-goods-into-northern-ireland-from-great-britain-without-paying-duty) (including whether you can claim preferential rates of duty on goods covered in the UK’s deal with the EU (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/proving-originating-status-and-claiming-a-reduced-rate-of-customs-duty-for-trade-between-the-uk-and-eu)) or from countries outside of the EU and the UK (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-to-make-sure-the-correct-duty-is-applied-to-goods-you-bring-into-northern-ireland-from-countries-outside-of-the-eu-and-uk).
- If you import goods regularly, you can apply for a duty deferment account to delay paying most customs charges (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-which-type-of-account-to-apply-for-to-defer-duty-payments-when-you-import-goods#apply-for-a-duty-deferment-account-to-use-in-northern-ireland-from-1-january-2021).
- To understand any duty or other measures that apply to your goods, you need to find the right commodity code (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/finding-commodity-codes-for-imports-or-exports) to make your declaration when you bring goods in or send goods out of Northern Ireland.
Find out more about the Windsor Framework Internal Market Movements from Great Britain to Northern Ireland (http://www.gov.uk/guidance/internal-market-movements-from-great-britain-to-northern-ireland).

Before you move goods between Northern Ireland and the EU
- If you plan to move goods between Northern Ireland and the EU, you’ll need to tell HMRC (https://www.gov.uk/register-for-vat/selling-or-moving-goods-between-northern-ireland-and-the-eu) so that you are identified as trading under the Windsor Framework.
- You’ll need to add an ‘XI’ prefix before your UK VAT number on all documentation when communicating with EU customers or suppliers. This is so VAT can be accounted for correctly on transactions between Northern Ireland and the EU using rules on intra-EU movements.
- If you make sales of goods from Northern Ireland to consumers in the EU, check how to pay VAT using the One Stop Shop (OSS) Union scheme (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-how-to-report-and-pay-vat-on-distance-sales-of-goods-from-northern-ireland-to-the-eu).
- If you import eligible low value goods into Northern Ireland and have registered for the VAT Import One Stop Shop (IOSS) in the EU, find out how to tell HMRC your IOSS registration number (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/tell-hmrc-youre-registered-for-the-vat-import-one-stop-shop-in-the-eu).
Moving goods from Northern Ireland to Great Britain

If you are moving qualifying Northern Ireland goods (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/moving-qualifying-goods-from-northern-ireland-to-the-rest-of-the-uk) directly from Northern Ireland to Great Britain, import declarations are not required.

Export declarations will only be needed for limited exceptions when moving qualifying Northern Ireland goods directly from Northern Ireland to Great Britain.

Bringing goods into Northern Ireland from Great Britain and from countries outside of both the EU and the UK

You will need to make declarations and pay any tariffs due when bringing goods into Northern Ireland from Great Britain or from countries outside of the EU and the UK.

There are a number of options available to make sure the right tariff outcome is applied on the goods you bring into Northern Ireland. Before moving your goods, you should consider which of these options is most suitable for your business.

Find out more about how to make sure the right tariff is applied to the goods you bring into Northern Ireland from Great Britain (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-can-bring-your-goods-into-northern-ireland-from-great-britain-without-paying-duty) or from countries outside of the EU and the UK. (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-to-make-sure-the-correct-duty-is-applied-to-goods-you-bring-into-northern-ireland-from-countries-outside-of-the-eu-and-uk)

Making declarations

You should check if you need to declare goods you bring into or take out of the UK (https://www.gov.uk/check-customs-declaration) if you’re a UK-based business:
- sending goods from Northern Ireland
- bringing or receiving goods into Northern Ireland
Bringing or receiving goods into Northern Ireland

Check the origin of your goods (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-your-goods-meet-the-rules-of-origin). This may allow an EU or UK preferential arrangement to apply.

For goods moving into Northern Ireland from outside the EU and UK, EU tariff rate quotas will not be available.

The UK and EU have agreed that traders can access UK tariff rate quotas for certain goods. This means that, provided quotas are open and any other applicable conditions are met, goods can be imported into Northern Ireland without paying prohibitive tariffs.

Check if you can claim tariff rate quotas for Northern Ireland and find out how to apply (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-can-apply-for-a-northern-ireland-tariff-rate-quota).

Use the commodity code to check what duties and measures may apply to your goods. This will show if you need any extra documentation or measure codes on your declaration.

Where a commodity code indicates the need for a Meursing code (https://www.gov.uk/additional-commodity-code) within the EU tariff, this will need to be included on all Northern Ireland declarations.

Moving goods between Northern Ireland and the EU

Declarations are not needed for any goods moving directly from Northern Ireland to the EU.

However, if you’re liable to submit Intrastat Supplementary Declarations, you can continue to submit Intrastat declarations for goods you move between Northern Ireland and the EU, on the UK Trade Info website (https://www.uktradeinfo.com/intrastat/notice-60-intrastat-general-guide).

Moving qualifying goods between Northern Ireland and Great Britain through Ireland

If you are moving qualifying goods through Ireland to reach Great Britain, you will not need an import declaration, except for very limited exceptions.

When moving food and animal feed, you must consider further guidance in relation to exemptions from sanitary and phytosanitary checks and controls (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/moving-food-and-animal-feed-from-northern-ireland-to-great-britain-england-scotland-and-wales).

If asked to do so, you or the person moving the goods will need to demonstrate commercial evidence to confirm that the goods are qualifying Northern Ireland goods that have merely passed through Ireland.

Find out what evidence you will need when you are moving qualifying Northern Ireland goods (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/moving-qualifying-goods-from-northern-ireland-to-the-rest-of-the-uk).

You will need to comply with some Irish customs requirements to exit through a port in Ireland and should check Irish customs guidance.

Moving goods between Northern Ireland and Great Britain through Ireland

Read about making an indirect export from Northern Ireland (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/making-an-indirect-export-from-northern-ireland) if you’re moving goods indirectly from Northern Ireland.

Moving commercial goods in your baggage

Bringing commercial goods into Northern Ireland from outside the EU

Find out what you need to do if you’re bringing commercial goods into Northern Ireland (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/bringing-commercial-goods-into-great-britainin-your-baggage).

Taking commercial goods out of Northern Ireland to outside the EU

Find out what you need to do if you’re taking commercial goods out of Northern Ireland (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/taking-commercial-goods-out-of-northern-ireland-in-your-baggage).

Bringing commercial goods from Northern Ireland to Great Britain

Find out what you need to do when moving commercial goods from Northern Ireland to Great Britain in your accompanied baggage (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/bringing-commercial-goods-into-great-britainin-your-baggage).

Bringing commercial goods into Northern Ireland from Great Britain

Find out what you need to do when bringing commercial goods into Northern Ireland in your accompanied baggage from Great Britain (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/bringing-commercial-goods-into-northern-ireland-in-your-baggage).

Movements between Northern Ireland and the EU

There will be no change to the current rules.

Moving personal goods in your baggage

From Northern Ireland to Great Britain

No VAT will be due, as long as you’ve not claimed a VAT refund (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-vat-will-apply-to-goods-moving-between-great-britain-and-northern-ireland#vat-retail-export-scheme).

Into Northern Ireland from Great Britain

In most cases, no VAT will be due. In a very limited number of circumstances, you may have to pay import VAT (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-vat-will-apply-to-goods-moving-between-great-britain-and-northern-ireland#if-you-travel-with-goods-by-air-or-sea-between-great-britain-and-northern-ireland).

From Northern Ireland to the EU

The rules on taking personal goods from Northern Ireland to the EU have not changed.

Into Northern Ireland from the EU

There will be no tax or duty due on personal goods carried into Northern Ireland from the EU if they are for personal use or to give as a gift.

Into Northern Ireland from outside the EU

For visitors arriving in Northern Ireland from outside the EU (not including Great Britain), the current duty free allowances will apply (https://www.gov.uk/bringing-goods-into-uk-personal-use).

VAT Retail Export Scheme

Northern Ireland businesses can offer refunds of VAT on goods to visitors to Northern Ireland where they take those goods with them in their luggage when they leave, using the VAT Retail Export Scheme (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/retail-export-scheme-northern-ireland).

Importing live animals and products of animal origin
- Get a vet inspection and export health certificate (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/get-an-export-health-certificate).
- Pre-notify arrival of your goods into Northern Ireland using a Common Health Entry Document (CHED). Find information about completing your CHED online using the TRACES NT system on the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) website (https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/articles/instructions-business-pre-notifying-arrival-consignment-northern-ireland-point-entry). Read information about animal health import controls in Northern Ireland on the DAERA website (https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/topics/importing-animals-animal-products-and-products).
- After submitting your CHED, you’ll need to make either a full import declaration or a simplified frontier declaration. Find out what you need to do when making a full import declaration (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/making-a-full-import-declaration). Find out how to use the simplified frontier declaration (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/making-a-simplified-frontier-declaration).
- If you cannot make the full import declaration or the simplified frontier declaration, you can sign up for the free Trader Support Service (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/trader-support-service) who can help complete your declaration. If you will not be using the Trader Support Service, you can get someone to deal with customs for you (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/appoint-someone-to-deal-with-customs-on-your-behalf), or find a training provider (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/list-of-customs-training-providers) to help you.
- Check if you’ll need a goods movement reference and how to get one (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-how-to-move-goods-through-ports-that-use-the-goods-vehicle-movement-service).
- You should check with your haulier to find out when the movement has been cleared and the goods can continue their journey.
- If you made a simplified frontier declaration, you’ll need to make an import supplementary declaration after the movement. Find out how to make your import supplementary declaration (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/making-an-import-supplementary-declaration).
Transporting and carrying goods if you’re a haulier or a carrier

Check how to move goods through ports that use the Goods Vehicle Movement Service (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-how-to-move-goods-through-ports-that-use-the-goods-vehicle-movement-service) for movements of goods from:
- the EU to Great Britain
- Great Britain to Northern Ireland
- Northern Ireland through Ireland to Great Britain
Moving goods under transit

Bringing goods into or through Northern Ireland using transit

Check what you need to do when using common or union transit for goods coming into or ending in Northern Ireland (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/bring-goods-into-or-through-the-uk-using-union-and-common-transit#for-movements-coming-into-or-ending-in-northern-ireland).

Sending goods from or through Northern Ireland using transit

Check if you can use common or union transit (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-can-use-transit-to-move-goods-to-the-eu-and-common-transit-countries#from-1-january-2021) when exporting or taking goods out of Northern Ireland.

If you can use Common or Union transit, find out what you’ll need to do to prepare your goods and plan your route (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-to-move-goods-between-or-through-common-transit-countries-including-the-eu#for-movements-starting-in-northern-ireland).

Moving excise goods

Find out about moving excise goods:
- under the Windsor Framework (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/moving-excise-goods-as-freight-under-the-northern-ireland-protocol-from-1-january-2021)
- by parcel from Great Britain to Northern Ireland (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/sending-parcels-between-great-britain-and-northern-ireland-under-the-windsor-framework#sending-excise-goods-in-parcels-from-great-britain-to-northern-ireland)
Moving cash

You’ll need to make a declaration (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/taking-cash-in-and-out-of-northern-ireland) if you, or people you’re with, are carrying 10,000 euros or more of cash and travelling from Great Britain to Northern Ireland.

Paying VAT

Under the Windsor Framework, EU VAT rules will continue to apply in Northern Ireland in respect of goods.

If you’re a VAT-registered business trading between Northern Ireland and the EU, you’ll need to be identified as operating under the Windsor Framework (https://www.gov.uk/register-for-vat/selling-or-moving-goods-between-northern-ireland-and-the-eu). Once you have been identified, you’ll need to add an ‘XI’ prefix before your normal UK VAT number on all documentation when communicating with EU businesses and systems.

Find out about:
- accounting for VAT on goods moving between Northern Ireland and Great Britain (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-vat-will-apply-to-goods-moving-between-great-britain-and-northern-ireland)
- how VAT will apply for goods imported into Northern Ireland from outside the UK or EU (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/accounting-for-vat-on-goods-moving-between-great-britain-and-northern-ireland-from-1-january-2021)
Digital services

Find out how to pay VAT if you sell digital services to EU consumers (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/pay-vat-when-you-sell-digital-services-to-eu-consumers-from-1-january-2021).

Second-hand motor vehicles

Find out how to use the VAT margin scheme if you sell second-hand motor vehicles in Northern Ireland that were originally bought in Great Britain (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/sales-of-second-hand-motor-vehicles-in-northern-ireland).

Other services

The VAT rules for supplying services that are not digital between Northern Ireland and EU member states are the same as the current rules for supplying services that are not digital between Northern Ireland and outside the EU.

Claiming a repayment or remission of import duty

You may be able to claim a repayment or remission of EU import duty through the Duty Reimbursement Scheme if you:
- paid EU import duty on goods you brought into Northern Ireland
- can provide evidence that your goods have met the conditions to qualify for a repayment
Find out how to apply to claim a repayment or remission of import duty on ‘at risk’ goods brought into Northern Ireland (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-to-claim-a-repayment-or-remission-of-import-duty-on-at-risk-goods-brought-into-northern-ireland).

Special procedures, duty reliefs, authorisations and guarantees

Special procedures

Importers will be able to access special procedures to suspend or relieve import duty on goods that are stored, processed or temporarily used in Northern Ireland. In most cases there will be no changes to these special procedures and reliefs.

Find out about customs special procedures that allow you to suspend, pay less or pay no duty on goods you import or export (https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/pay-less-or-no-duty-on-goods-you-store-repair-process-or-temporarily-use).

Authorisations

You’ll need prior authorisation if you want to use any of the following special procedures more than 3 times in a year:
- inward processing (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-to-delay-or-pay-less-duty-on-goods-you-import-to-process-or-repair#full-auth)
- end-use (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-to-pay-less-duty-on-goods-you-import-for-specific-uses#full-authorisation)
- customs warehouse (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-to-operate-a-customs-warehouse#how-to-apply)
- temporary admission (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-to-import-goods-temporarily-to-the-uk-or-eu#full-authorisation)
- outward processing (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-to-pay-less-duty-on-goods-you-export-to-process-or-repair#how-to-get-an-authorisation)
If you want to continue to access Authorised Economic Operator (AEO) benefits in Northern Ireland and the EU, you’ll need an Northern Ireland AEO authorisation (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/authorised-economic-operator-certification#if-youre-a-trader-in-northern-ireland).

Duty reliefs

In most cases there will be no changes to duty reliefs, and you still may be able to pay no customs duty or a reduced amount of duty for goods you bring or receive into Northern Ireland (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-you-can-pay-a-reduced-rate-of-customs-duty).

Guarantees

Guarantees will be needed to enter goods into special procedures, and a customs comprehensive guarantee will be required for full authorisation to use a special procedure (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/import-and-export-customs-comprehensive-guarantees-ccgs#from-1-january-2021).

Temporary movements

You may be able to get an Admission Temporaire or Temporary Admission carnet to avoid paying import duty if you’re importing goods to or from Northern Ireland temporarily.

Storing or handling goods

Temporary storage

You’ll still need a customs comprehensive guarantee if you operate a temporary storage facility in Northern Ireland (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/temporary-storage#if-youre-applying-for-temporary-storage-facility-approval-in-northern-ireland).

For movements in temporary storage (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/managing-your-temporary-storage-facility#from-1-january-2021), you’ll:
- still be able to move goods between 2 temporary storage facilities if both are located within Northern Ireland
- no longer be able to move goods between Northern Ireland and Great Britain
Find more information about how to put goods into a temporary storage facility (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/how-to-put-goods-into-a-temporary-storage-facility).

Sending or receiving goods in parcels

If you’re a business, find out how to move express consignments (parcels) into or out of Northern Ireland (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/sending-parcels-between-great-britain-and-northern-ireland-under-the-windsor-framework).