1. Car driving test
Source: gov.uk (2025-05-08)

Guidance for driving examiners carrying out the practical and extended driving tests for cars.

1.01 Introduction

This chapter sets out the background and basic requirements of practical driving tests. It also gives detailed guidance on conducting tests. The digital test report (DTR) is an electronic recording mechanism on an iPad and is used for the full end-to-end journey from the journal to in-car to back-in-office administration.

1.02 Responsibilities of examiner on test

The examiner is present during the test to evaluate the candidate’s ability to drive. This involves identifying mistakes, which the candidate may make.

The examiner is not legally in charge of the vehicle during the test (though they are responsible for the conduct of the test), nor are they supervising the candidate during the test: Regulations do not require a driver to be accompanied by a supervisor when taking a test. This law applies to all practical tests including lorries carrying a load for the purposes of the test (the load being the responsibility of the candidate and trainer/accompanying driver).

Examiners should not, therefore, intervene except when it becomes necessary to do so in the interests of public safety, including their own and that of the candidate. Such intervention may be by warning, advice or by operation of the controls. If a candidate is in difficulties and clearly suffering from nervousness, the examiner should offer a few words of reassurance to help them settle down.

1.03 Test control

Driving tests must be conducted in accordance with regulations and procedures and in accordance with instructions laid down by the Chief Driving Examiner.

Going off route, or needing reminders of where to go, are not in themselves faults.

Tests should not be terminated because a candidate is struggling to understand independent driving instructions.

Examiners should employ their experience, knowledge, and judgement where necessary to curtail the independent section and issue normal directions.

This action should be necessary only in exceptional circumstances.

The control of the test throughout, including the independent driving section, is extremely important.

1.04 Car driving test requirements

Driving tests are conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Motor Vehicles (Driving Licences) Regulations 1999 (as amended). The test requirements are set out below:
- eyesight
- vehicle safety checks
- reverse parking (either into a bay or on the road)
- forward parking (into a bay)
- pull up on the right and reverse in a straight line
- controlled stop (angle start)
- 2 normal stops and hill start
- a minimum of 30 minutes of driving, which includes 20 minutes of independent driving
- emergency test - carried out in one of every three tests
1.05 Test candidates

Test candidates must demonstrate competence in their ability to complete the test, without danger to and with due consideration for other road users, the following:

Preparation to drive:
- adjust the seat as necessary to obtain a correct seated position
- Adjust rear-view mirrors and seat belt
- check that the doors are closed
Technical control of the vehicle:
- start the engine
- move off smoothly when going ahead, at an angle, and on a gradient (where possible)
- accelerate to a suitable speed while maintaining a straight course, including during gear-changes
- adjust speed to negotiate left or right turns at junctions, possibly in restricted spaces, while maintaining control of the vehicle
- brake accurately to a stop where directed, if need be, by performing an emergency stop
- carry out a controlled stop by pulling up in a designated position
Carry out one of the following manoeuvres:
- park the vehicle (parallel or in a parking bay forward or in reverse)
- pull up on the right and reverse in a straight line
Behaviour in traffic:
- observe (including the use of rear-view mirrors) road markings, and signs, and react appropriately to potential or actual risks
- communicate with other road users using the authorised means
- comply with road traffic regulations and any instruction given by police and/or traffic controllers
- drive with the vehicle correctly positioned on the road, adjusting speed to traffic conditions and the line of the road
- keep the right distance between vehicles
- change lanes
- pass parked or stationary vehicles and obstacles
- approach and cross junctions
- turn right or left at junctions
- join or leave the carriageway
Where the opportunity arises:
- pass oncoming vehicles, including in confined spaces
- overtake in various situations
- approach and cross level-crossings
1.06 Minimum test time requirements

It is important that, unless the test is terminated, minimum driving times are strictly adhered to. Regulations state that the time during which a person is required to drive on the road for a category B car test is not less than 30 minutes. For extended tests, this is not less than 60 minutes of driving time.

In the case of category B (car) tests, the minimum driving time is measured from when the vehicle starts moving at the beginning of the test to when the engine is stopped at the conclusion of the test. Therefore, manoeuvres carried out in the DTC car park count towards the minimum time period. However, as already stated, when taking into account all DVSA’s requirements the total test time will last between 38 and 40 minutes. For tests conducted using the digital test report, a stopwatch timer is available if the examiner chooses.

Despite correct use of a well-constructed route, occasionally a candidate, because of their ability, experience, and favourable traffic conditions, will be able to get round the test route more quickly than is normal. In these exceptional circumstances, examiners are reminded that it is still vital that the on-road minimum time requirement and the total time of between 38 and 40 minutes are adhered to. Therefore, to comply with DVSA’s requirements, examiners should consider modifying the route to avoid returning to the test centre too early. Alternatively, if examiners are aware of any hazards on routes, i.e., road works that would knowingly cause a delay, these areas should be avoided. It is not acceptable to deliberately use unsuitable routes at busier times in order to return late and cause cancellations.

Time management is part of the ‘control’ of the test. Providing all legal requirements have been met, the examiner should consider modifying the route if a candidate drives excessively slowly or hesitantly and a serious fault has been recorded. It is not acceptable to follow a full route if this is clearly going to cause such a late return that the next test would have to be cancelled. Any deviation from the route or other action taken to comply with the requirement should be recorded in the additional comments section on the digital test report.

The LDTM is responsible for ensuring that all routes are sufficiently long enough to ensure that route(s) are not extended on a regular basis. Therefore, routes should only need to be modified/extended in exceptional circumstances, as mentioned above.

1.07 Car minimum test vehicles requirement (MTV)

The driving test regulations require a candidate to provide a suitable vehicle for the purposes of the test. This means that the vehicle must be roadworthy, taxed, insured, and of such construction or design as to enable the examiner to properly conduct the appropriate test.

Examiners are advised to exercise considered judgement and discretion so that no candidate whose test could reasonably be conducted is turned away.

Category B vehicles must be fitted with a passenger seatbelt, passenger integral head restraint (slip-on types are not acceptable), and an internal mirror for the use of the examiner. A vehicle fitted with any pedal, lever, or other device, which could allow the accelerator to be operated by someone other than the driver, must be removed or rendered inoperable.

Any vehicle in which the examiner rides must allow a clear all-round view of the road.

1.08 General competence to drive

The object of the test is to ensure that the candidate is well-grounded in the basic principles of safe driving and is sufficiently practised in them to be able to show, at the time of the test, that they are a competent and considerate driver and are not a source of danger to themselves or to other road users.

Examiners should remember that, in most cases, candidates will be novices and will have had only limited driving experience; and will have been accompanied by a professional instructor or other tutor. It would, therefore, be unreasonable to expect them to demonstrate the degree of skill and road sense of a seasoned driver. The same might apply to an international driver from another country whose experience of driving in this country may be limited.

It must also be appreciated that many candidates will also be more nervous during the driving test than when driving with their instructor or with a friend. A pleasant outgoing approach, not only in the waiting room and on the way to the vehicle, but throughout the test is particularly important to help candidates to relax.

1.09 Completion of the digital test report

When using the digital test report, it is specific to the candidate and test category. The digital journal contains further information relating to the candidate. This information can be accessed by selecting the candidate’s name on the journal. This must be done if there is a yellow exclamation marker next to the candidate’s name, ensuring the examiner is aware of any relevant information prior to the test.

Completing the digital test report:
- eyesight test: Select Pass or Fail following the eyesight test. If Fail is recorded, the app will direct the examiner to the end of the test page.
- tell me question: Select the ‘Tell Me’ question asked at the beginning of the test.
- vehicle registration: Insert vehicle registration.
- automatic transmission: Select the appropriate box if the vehicle has automatic transmission; this will be verified later in the app.
- instructor’s information: Record the instructor’s personal reference number from the instructor’s certificate/licence displayed on the vehicle’s windscreen, if available.
- vehicle ownership: Record if the vehicle belongs to a driving school and whether dual controls are fitted.
- accompanying test personnel: If an ADI, DVSA manager, sign language interpreter, or other observer accompanies the test, the appropriate box/boxes should be recorded.
1.10 Definitions of recorded faults on digital test report – cars

Record completion of:
- normal stops, angled start, and hill start/designated stop
- manoeuvres
- control: incorrect use of controls and/or inaccuracy
- observation: lack of effective all-round observation
- control: Incorrect use of controls and/or inaccuracy
- observation: lack of effective all-round observation
- control: incorrect use of controls/inaccuracy
- observation: lack of effective all-round observations
- control: starting/moving off, accelerator use, gears
- planning: hazard awareness, planning and anticipation, engine braking
- incorrect answer and/or demonstration of safety check questions
- slow reaction, inadequate braking, loss of control
- ETA (examiner took action): verbal/physical (e.g. dual controls/steering)
- accelerator: uncontrolled or harsh use
- clutch: uncontrolled use
- gears: Failure to engage appropriate gear for road and traffic conditions. Coasting in neutral or with clutch pedal depressed
- footbrake: late and/or harsh use
- parking brake: failure to apply or release correctly and when necessary
- steering: erratic steering, overshooting the correct turning point when turning right or left, both hands off steering wheel, or hitting the kerb
- Note: control faults should not be marked in this section if committed during a manoeuvre
- precautions: failure to take proper precautions before starting the engine
- ancillary controls: failure to use ancillary controls when necessary
- safely: failure to take effective observation before moving off, including correct use of signals
- under control: inability to move off smoothly, straight ahead, at an angle, or on a gradient
- signalling
- changing direction
- changing speed
- necessary: signal omitted
- correctly: incorrect or misleading signal. Failure to cancel direction indicators
- properly timed: signal incorrectly timed so it is either misleading or too late to be of value
- approach speed: approaching junctions at a proper speed, either too fast or too slow, for whatever reason
- observations: not taking effective observation before emerging
- turning right: late or incorrect positioning before turning right, including failing to move forward into the correct position to turn right at traffic lights
- turning left: positioning too close or too far from the kerb before turning left
- cutting corners: cutting right-hand corners, particularly where the view is limited
- overtaking: attempting to overtake unsafely or cutting in after overtaking
- meeting: failure to show proper judgement when meeting approaching traffic
- crossing traffic: turning right across the path of oncoming traffic
- normal driving: incorrect positioning during normal driving, including cutting across the normal road position when going ahead at roundabouts without lane markings
- lane discipline: failure to maintain proper lane discipline at roundabouts with lane markings when going ahead and when continuing to drive ahead in designated lanes
- failure to give precedence to pedestrians on a pedestrian crossing
- non-compliance with lights at pedestrian controlled crossings
- normal stop: not made in a safe position
- failure to judge what other road users are going to do and react accordingly
- not allowing adequate clearance when passing parked vehicles and other obstructions
- following distance:
- keep a proper and safe distance from the vehicle in front when moving
- leave a reasonable gap from the vehicle in front when stopping in lines of traffic
- driving too fast for road, traffic, and weather conditions
- appropriate speed: driving too slowly for road and traffic conditions
- undue hesitation: being over-cautious by stopping or waiting when it is safe and normal to proceed
- traffic signs: inappropriate response
- road markings: for example, double white lines, box junctions, lane direction arrows
- traffic lights: including failure to move off on green when correct and safe to do so
- traffic controllers: signals given by a police officer, traffic warden, school crossing warden, or other persons directing traffic
- other road users: failure to take appropriate action on signals given by other road users
1.11 Preparations for the test

The examiner should take the following on test:
- digital device – iPad
- paper contingency test report - PTR
- pass certificate book - DVSA10
If the route to be used involves an independent section delivered by means of following Satnav directions, examiners should take a Satnav, preloaded with all test routes, and relevant peripherals, i.e., dash mat, external power supply, cables, dual 12v adapter, and carry bag.

1.12 Meeting the candidate

The examiner should ask for the candidate by their full name, greet them pleasantly, and:
- ask the candidate for their driving licence (and if not a photocard licence, then a valid passport) and their theory test (TT) pass certificate (if applicable)
- compare the driving licence number with the information on the digital test report
- ask the candidate to read, confirm, and sign the insurance & residency declaration on the digital test report
Note: Candidates who present for an extended test do not have to satisfy the residency requirement. Compare the signature on the photocard licence with the signature on the digital test report. Compare the photograph on the photographic identity document against the candidate. If you have concerns that the person in the photograph is not the correct person, you may consider that it is a suspected candidate impersonation. Examiners should follow the guidance on checking candidate identity in the DT1 document library.

Candidates will have to present at both theory and practical tests either:
- a valid signed UK (or Northern Ireland) or EU community photocard licence*
- an old-style valid signed UK, Northern Ireland, or EU community paper driving licence; and a valid passport
*Some first-time licences issued by DVLA to young people have had identity verification through the Passport Office. These photocard licences are issued without a signature and are acceptable at test, subject to all other normal checks as described in this paragraph. Issue Numbers on licences are no longer relevant.

The candidate must confirm whether they would like their end-of-test summary sent to the email address they provided during booking, an alternative email address, or by post. Ask the candidate if they would like their instructor/accompanying driver to accompany them on test.

1.13 Eyesight

Read in good daylight (with the aid of glasses or contact lenses if worn) a registration mark fixed to a motor vehicle and containing letters and figures 79 millimetres high and 50 millimetres wide at a distance of 20 metres.

1.14 Vehicle safety checks

Answer vehicle safety check questions.

1.15 Direction indicators and stop lamps

Before entering the vehicle, the examiner should visually check direction indicators and stop lamps. If this reveals any obvious damage that raises doubts about whether they are operational, the examiner should assist the candidate in making a practical check and ask them to operate the appropriate control. If the suspect item does not function satisfactorily, the candidate should be allowed to rectify the fault. If this cannot be done within a reasonable timeframe and may potentially impact any subsequent tests, the test should be terminated. To avoid subsequent argument, the candidate should be asked if they wish to confirm by personal observation that the particular item does not function satisfactorily, in which case the examiner should operate the control.

In deciding whether direction indicators and stop lamps are in an acceptable condition for the test, examiners should be guided by the principle that no candidate should be turned away whose test could reasonably be conducted; for example, if both obligatory stop lamps are working but the high-level light is not, the test must proceed.

Compliance with the law

Apart from making a visual check of indicators and stop lamps, examiners are not required to make a thorough check of candidates’ vehicles. It is accepted, however, that it would be unreasonable to expect an examiner to continue with a test if they notice or have drawn to their attention, anything about the vehicle that would make it illegal or unsafe for use on the road, or which would clearly constitute a risk to the health or safety of the examiner.

Examiners should exercise their considered judgment and discretion so that no candidate whose test could reasonably be conducted is turned away.

1.16 ‘L’ (or ‘D’) plates in Wales

Regulations require the vehicle to display ‘L’ or ‘D’ plates, that are clearly visible from the front and rear of the vehicle.

1.17 Examiner’s door and seating

The examiner must sit in the front passenger seat of the vehicle, as this is the best position from which to observe the candidate’s performance. Before moving away, the candidate may check that the front passenger door is properly closed or locked. This is usually done to show the examiner that they are aware of the safety precautions to take before moving off. Examiners should not indicate that this precaution is other than a proper one for any driver to take.

Cars presented for the test must be fitted with a passenger seatbelt, passenger head restraint, and an interior mirror for the examiner’s use. A spare stick-on interior mirror should be kept at the driving test centre.

1.18 Seat belt, head restraint, and mirror

Before starting the drive, the examiner should ensure that their seat, seatbelt, and head restraint are adjusted correctly to ensure safety and comfort. Examiners should also ensure they are sitting comfortably and in a stable position to support themselves in the event of sudden braking or an accident.

The additional mirrors fitted for the examiner’s use should be adjusted so they have a view to the rear. Mirrors must not be moved by an examiner unless they are positioned in a way that obstructs the examiner’s clear vision of the road ahead. If additional mirrors have to be moved, they should be positioned as close to the upper part of the screen as possible; this reduces the likelihood of interference with airbag deployment. Additional mirrors should not be placed below the driver’s mirror, as this could cause a blind spot and obstruct the driver’s view.

Note: it is not a legal requirement that the head restraint is adjustable, but the passenger seat head restraint must be fitted as an integral part of the seat. ‘Slip-on’ type head restraints are not permissible.

1.19 ADI and PDI certificates – recording numbers

ADI Number

If an ADI or PDI certificate is displayed in the windscreen or the instructor identifies themselves to the examiner and indicates that they wish the candidate to be linked to their name, then the instructor number from the certificate should be entered on the digital test report. If the candidate, using their own car for the test, presents their instructor’s certificate number, it should be entered on the digital test report.

Note: Data Protection Act. If the instructor certificate is not displayed, then the number must not be entered on the digital test report, and neither the candidate nor accompanying driver should be questioned about the identity of the instructor.

PDI certificates

These have two PRNs (personal reference numbers). Care should be taken to record the Potential Driving Instructors’ number and not their ADIs number who is providing the PDIs training.

1.20 Pre-brief

Examiners should take the opportunity on the way to the car or before moving off, to briefly explain to the candidate what will happen on the test.

1.21 Instructions to candidates

Examiners should ensure their instructions are absolutely clear. Candidates must not be left in doubt about the route to be taken. Directions should be given in good time, especially where marking of traffic lanes indicates an option. At complex junctions and gyratory systems, a request simply to turn right or left may not be enough to indicate the route clearly.

Candidates should not be given any grounds to complain of being flustered or uncertain. If you are aware a candidate has dyslexia or dyspraxia, you should tactfully establish if it affects their driving and if any adjustments are necessary. This may include confirming directions by pointing or using hand signals.

1.22 Independent driving briefing

It is important that the candidate is left in no doubt about what is required in the independent driving section of the test. There are two methods of independent driving, following directions given by a Satnav or following traffic signs. The examiner should pull the candidate up on the left and clearly brief the method required. If you are aware a candidate has dyslexia or dyspraxia and you have established it affects their driving, choose an independent driving section that is best suited to their needs.

1.23 Start of drive

The drive should start without any instruction from the examiner except to indicate the immediate route to be taken.

1.24 Starting the engine

The candidate should ensure that the handbrake is applied and the gear lever/selector is in neutral before starting the engine.

1.25 Moving off

The examiner should observe whether the candidate first sees to the front, then to the rear, ensuring the way is clear for pulling out, gives the appropriate signal if necessary, and moves away smoothly and safely. Wherever possible, the ability to move off on a reasonably steep uphill gradient should be tested.

A candidate starting on a gradient should be capable of paying attention to other traffic as well as moving their vehicle away without rollback and/or excessive engine revolutions. If stopping on a hill is not possible, an additional designated stop must be conducted. The test must always include moving off at an angle from behind a stationary vehicle.

1.26 Emergency stop

An emergency stop exercise should be conducted in one out of every three driving tests.

This is to ensure that as a road safety critical exercise, it continues to be taught.

Identifiable patterns (times, routes, and so on) should be avoided so that a random aspect of emergency stop selection is retained.

1.27 Manoeuvring exercises

The candidate will be asked to carry out two set exercises: one controlled stop and one of the following, which may be selected at random:

The reverse parking exercise

The reverse park exercise can be conducted either into a parking bay in the DTC car park or on the road. Examiners have flexibility in making a choice of which manoeuvre to use (Pull up on the Right, Forward Park or Reverse Park) provided that each manoeuvre is used equally over a period of time.

Reverse park at the start of the test - car park

The size and layout of the car park may restrict the options available to the candidate. Examiners should allow the candidate to reverse into any bay of their choice, and no attempt should be made by the examiner to determine or dictate which bay is used or how the candidate carries out the exercise.

At the start of the test, after the pre-brief, the candidate should be told that before going on to the road, they are to carry out the reverse park exercise into a convenient bay. They should be asked to drive out of the bay to the left or right (if both options are available in that car park) and stop with the wheels straight before reversing into any convenient bay and parking the car. Examiners should not instruct candidates to park in the centre of the bay. The instruction is to prevent them reversing back into the bay on the same lock.

Providing some attempt has been made to straighten the front wheels, examiners should not be concerned if the wheels are not completely straight. The candidate may elect to drive forward to adjust the angle at which they address the bay they intend to reverse into, or space permitting, they are allowed to drive forwards into one bay before reversing back in a straight line into the opposing bay. Once the exercise is completed, the candidate can be given the instructions for following directions around the route.

Reverse park at the end of the test - car park

On the approach to the centre, the candidate should be advised to turn into the car park and reverse into any convenient bay to park the car. The candidate can again make their own choice of bay and carry out the manoeuvre in the way that they choose, given the restrictions that may be imposed by the characteristics of the car park. Candidates should park within a bay, but examiners should not be too concerned, when making their assessment, of the final position of the car in the bay. Parking outside the bay is unacceptable. Candidates should not normally be penalised for crossing the lines when entering the bay. Examiners should consider whether the car could reasonably be left, in that car park in the prevailing conditions, in that position. Exceptionally, the examiner may feel the need to leave the car before making an assessment. This is acceptable provided the candidate is asked to secure the car and stop the engine.

Irrespective of the presence of other vehicles or pedestrians, the candidate should be expected to take all round observations to ensure that the manoeuvre is executed safely. The question is not whether there is anybody there, but whether the candidate has taken adequate observations to ensure that safety is maintained throughout the exercise. Observation should be assessed as though the exercise was carried out on the road. At some DTCs, to avoid congestion, it will be necessary for some examiners to carry out the exercise at the start of the test and some at the end. The exercise may be completed into any empty marked bay, irrespective of whether cars occupy the adjacent bays, provided that these vehicles do not encroach on the bay to be used.

Reverse park - road

The candidate should be asked to pull up well before a parked vehicle identified by the examiner. They should then be asked to drive alongside it and reverse into a parked position either:
- behind one parked car, when the exercise should be completed within two car lengths
- between two parked cars, where the gap should be equal to about two car lengths.
Drivers of vans or other small commercial vehicles are expected to do this exercise in exactly the same way as a car driver. Vehicles parked on the offside of the road should not be used. The candidate should show proper care for the safety of other road users while reversing. If, because of the examiner’s seating position, the candidate has difficulty in taking observation, examiners should be prepared to adjust their seating position during the reversing exercises.

Forward park

The forward park exercise should be conducted into a parking bay in a car park along the test route, without the need to deviate too far from the route. The examiner will direct the candidate to a suitable area of the car park, which is not too busy and will not interfere with customers and car park owners / operators. There is no requirement to carry out this exercise between two cars. In exceptional circumstances, and depending on the layout of the car park, this can be carried out at the DTC, providing the manoeuvre can be conducted by steering into a parking bay, then reversing out to the left or right and driving forward into another area of the car park. If test centres are close to each other, this manoeuvre can be carried out in neighbouring test centre car parks, providing the conduct of the manoeuvre is not compromised.

Whilst being directed around the car park, the candidate should be advised to drive forwards into any convenient bay, finishing within the lines, either to the right or the left (if car park allows). The candidate can make their own choice of bay and carry out the manoeuvre in the way that they choose, given the restrictions that may be imposed by the characteristics of the car park. The candidate should then be asked to reverse out to the right or left (if car park allows). If there are one-way systems in operation, the examiner should dictate which direction the candidate is required to reverse in.

The size and layout of the car park may restrict the options available to the candidate. Examiners should make no attempt to determine or dictate which bay is used or how the candidate carries out the exercise. If the car park is too busy or no bays are available or suitable, the examiner should direct the candidate out of the car park.

Candidates should park within a bay, but examiners should not be too concerned, when making their assessment, of the final position of the car in the bay. Parking outside the bay is unacceptable. Candidates should not normally be penalised for crossing the lines when entering the bay. Examiners should consider whether the car could reasonably be left, in that car park in the prevailing conditions, in that position. Exceptionally, the examiner may feel the need to leave the car before making an assessment. This is acceptable provided the candidate is asked to secure the car and stop the engine.

Irrespective of the presence of other vehicles or pedestrians, the candidate should be expected to take all-round observations to ensure that the manoeuvre is executed safely. The question is not whether there is anybody there, but whether the candidate has taken adequate observations to ensure that safety is maintained throughout the exercise.

Reverse right

This manoeuvre should be carried out during routine driving, on a general main road which would normally carry light to medium traffic flow, therefore it is not necessary to deviate from the test route, into a side road or housing estate. It is not always necessary for the candidate to encounter traffic whilst completing this manoeuvre however carrying this out on busy roads or busy times of day, should be avoided due to the excessive length of time it would take to complete the exercise. The chosen road should allow the candidate plenty of opportunity to pull up on the right on a straight section of road with clear visibility well ahead and behind.

Whilst driving on a suitable road, and at a safe location, the candidate should be asked to pull up on the right when it is safe to do so. Once stationary, the candidate should then be asked to reverse for two car lengths before being asked to drive on again. If the candidates begin to select a location which is not suitable, then the exercise should be aborted before moving across to the right and attempted later in the test.

The candidate should show proper care for the safety of other road users while pulling across to the right, reversing and moving off.

Should the candidate ask the examiner to assist when reversing or moving off to re-join their side of the road, they should be informed that the purpose of the test is to prove their competence to drive it without the help of a supervisor, and that they should carry out the exercise as if they were unaccompanied.

The examiner must not get out of the vehicle to direct or assist the candidate.

If a vehicle pulls in front of the candidate prior to the completion of the exercise, the examiner should take control of the situation and advise the candidate to reverse back further to allow a clear view ahead. If a vehicle blocks the candidate from reversing, the manoeuvre should be aborted and a manoeuvre attempted later in the test. If this situation causes the candidate’s view to be severely restricted, then the examiner should offer some assistance.

The manoeuvre ends once the candidate has stopped reversing and selected neutral.

1.28 Reaction to traffic signs and signals

The examiner should be satisfied the candidate reacts promptly and correctly to traffic signals and signs and to signals given by the police, authorised traffic controllers and other road users.

The candidate should be fully aware of their responsibilities at pedestrian crossings, and act accordingly.

1.29 Methods of signalling

Candidates normally signal by direction indicator but may, if they wish, additionally signal by arm. Signals should be assessed on whether necessary and appropriate signals are given in good time, and indicators cancelled afterwards.

In the case of a disabled driver, it will usually be apparent whether they are physically capable of signalling by indicator and arm. However, if the examiner can only satisfy himself about this by observing the candidate giving signals whilst actually driving, they should specifically ask the candidate to signal by indicator or arm as appropriate, but only for as long as is necessary to determine whether or not they should be restricted to driving vehicles fitted with direction indicators and stop lamps.

1.30 Road junctions

The examiner should observe whether the candidate has the vehicle under proper control and in the appropriate gear, takes account of the type of junction, road signs and following traffic, gives any necessary and appropriate signals in good time, and keeps the vehicle correctly positioned throughout. The examiner should also note whether the candidate takes adequate and effective observation before entering the intersection, and that they do so with due regard for other road users.

The route should still include some urban roads which will allow the examiner to observe the candidate’s reaction to crossing intersections during general driving. A driver who is over-cautious at a main road may act differently at a junction of less important roads.

1.31 Overtaking, meeting and crossing

The examiner should observe the candidate’s actions in overtaking and meeting other vehicles, and crossing the path of other traffic when they are turning to the right. Before overtaking, the mirror(s) should be used to observe following traffic, and appropriate signals given if necessary. While showing consideration for other traffic, the candidate should not give way unduly when it would be safe and proper to proceed. On the other hand, they should not be inconsiderate, e.g. by turning right in the face of closely approaching traffic.

1.32 Normal stops

A minimum of two normal stops should be made during the test.

Normal stops during independent driving

A normal stop may be included when pulling up to start the independent drive section, providing the road conditions allow and the correct wordings are used. Candidates may be asked to carry out a normal stop once they have begun driving independently.

1.33 Fuel efficient driving

Fuel-efficient driving is a recognised and proven style of driving. It contributes to road safety while reducing fuel consumption and emissions which reflects the increased awareness and need for economical / environmentally friendly driving.

Fuel efficient driving does not contribute to the result of the test.

The Eco-safe driving boxes on the digital test report are used to record an assessment of the driver’s ability to drive with economy and the environment in mind. The assessment of fuel-efficient driving is taken over the whole test, not focussing on one instance - candidates only need to display knowledge of fuel-efficient principles they are not expected to be experts. A candidate may sacrifice fuel efficient driving techniques so as not to compromise safety. This should always be carefully considered in the assessment process.

There are two fuel efficient headings: control and planning. The following examples do not cover the whole range of fuel-efficient driving styles and are for guidance only.

Control

Changing down to lower gears when the road speed is too high is not considered an ‘fuel efficient driving’ technique. It uses fuel unnecessarily, as does needless harsh acceleration and using the higher rev range between upward gear changes. Doing so is a waste of fuel with no gain in safety or performance.

A driver should understand the capabilities of his/her vehicle and should be able to take advantage of the power/torque characteristics of the engine by utilising the highest gear possible without causing the engine to labour. The ability to utilise a lower ‘rev’ range should ensure that fuel is not being used unnecessarily and therefore fewer pollutants will be released through the exhaust system.

Planning

Needlessly stopping then moving away from rest has a detrimental effect on fuel consumption. An Eco-safe driver will keep the vehicle on the move whenever and wherever it is safe to do so.

Driving more fuel-efficiently starts by scanning the road ahead and anticipating traffic flow. It’s important to look out for traffic lights, signs, road markings, and potential hazards well in advance. This allows the driver to adjust speed smoothly, rather than making sudden stops or accelerations. By being proactive and planning the drive, the driver can maintain a steady speed and reduce unnecessary fuel consumption.

The alternative of not using this technique is to brake late, which uses more fuel and is not a demonstration of effective fuel-efficient driving principles.

In the previous examples, if the candidate demonstrates safe driving procedures by not committing control or procedural faults, then no fault should be recorded under another heading other than in ‘Eco-safe Driving’.

Whether the result of the test is a pass or a fail, if an Eco-safe fault has been recorded in either one or both boxes the examiner should de-brief the candidate in the normal way.

1.34 End of test

At the end of the practical driving test the examiner should advise the candidate of the test result. A fail result should be conveyed sympathetically.

The examiner’s decision is final and cannot be changed. If a candidate questions the test decision, they should be referred to the end of test summary for more information.

1.35 Pass certificate – DVSA 10

DVSA10s should be completed in black ink.

Rubber name stamps must not be used on a DVSA10 certificate. DVSA10s are accountable documents and are issued against an examiner’s signature. They must be safeguarded at all times.

Provided the examiner doesn’t work out of their `home’ zone, they can use any of the books of pass certificates issued from any test centre in that area. If an examiner is working on detached duty in another zone, they should draw DVSA10s from the DTC and return them to the DTC on completion of the detached duty.

1.36 Issuing of DVSA10

The examiner should ask the candidate for their licence or other documentation and copy the name & driver number details direct to the DVSA10. The driver number should be copied exactly as shown even if the examiner suspects it is incorrect, e.g. the first 5 letters do not match those of the candidate’s surname.

In the case of a Northern Ireland licence, the number should be copied exactly as shown - starting from the left - and a line put through the remaining empty boxes.

The DVSA10 certificate should be completed in the following order:
- title - Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms etc
- forename, and second forename if any in full and initial(s) of any other forename(s)
- driver number
- appropriate category
- strike out whether vehicle used was automatic
- whether an extended test
- restriction code (if appropriate)
- test date in numeric form, e.g. dd/mm/yyyy
- name of test centre
- signature/name of examiner
- applicant’s signature and date (if appropriate - non ADLI route)
- documentation at end of test
1.37 Issuing pass on DTR

The provisional licence received section of the digital test report must be completed for all tests. Care must be taken to ensure accuracy.

1.38 Automated driving licence issue

Eligible ADLI candidates

With the exception of motorcycle module 1, ADI part 2 or 3 and driver CPC module 4 - all practical test pass results are automatically sent to DVLA. Those candidates who hold a GB or registered with DVLA EU/EEA photocard licence can have their new licence sent to them.

Eligible candidates are asked if they wish to have their licence to be sent to them automatically and their licence shredded in the test centre. The digital test report includes an identifier for DVLA so that they know when to issue a new licence automatically or wait for further information.

An EU member state photocard licence can now be used for the ADLI route. The GB Driver Number can be obtained from the examiner’s journal.

Candidates are not eligible to use the ADLI if they:
- refuse to sign the medical declaration
- hold a Northern Ireland or community licence (all NI licences have an 8 number driving licence number).
- have had a change in their personal details (domestic and EU/EEA licences)
- have presented a licence without a signature
- have changed their address from that which is on the photocard licence
- have a paper licence
- are scheduled to take a Driver CPC practical demonstration test within near future
- have just passed a Driver CPC practical demonstration test
- have just passed a motorcycle module 1 test
Candidates who are not eligible to use the ADLI route or do not wish their licence to be issued automatically must have their licence returned to them.

The examiner should give the candidate the DVSA10 certificate and advise the candidate they will receive an end of test summary.

1.39 Fail

For digital test reports, the provisional licence issued is not required. In the case of failure, the examiner should: de-brief the candidate and advise them they will receive an end of test summary.

1.40 De-brief

At the end of a test the examiner should offer the candidate a brief explanation of the faults marked on the digital test report. This de-brief should aim to give the candidate an overview of their driving. If a candidate fails on an accumulation of more than 15 driving faults, then all the faults need explaining.

If the instructor/trainer/accompanying driver is present for the decision & de-brief, the examiner should ask: ‘would you like your (instructor/trainer/accompanying driver) to be present for the conclusion of the test?’ If the instructor/trainer/accompanying driver is not present the question should not be asked.

If any observer (other than another DVSA examiner) who has accompanied the test remains present for the end of test feedback, then the debrief witnessed should be recorded on the digital test report. (If the observer does not remain for the feedback, then ‘No’ should be recorded on the digital test report).

If at any time the instructor/trainer/accompanying driver comes over to the vehicle to listen to the conclusion of the test, and a de-brief is to be given, the examiner must ask the candidate whether they want their instructor/trainer/accompanying driver present - consequently if they do attend for the feedback then ‘Yes’ should be recorded on the digital test report.

If the candidate elects not to have their instructor/accompanying driver present for the decision & de-brief, then the examiner should ensure that the candidate’s request is complied with.

If a candidate’s performance has been of a very poor standard involving a multitude of serious or dangerous faults, the examiner should use discretion and explain only the most serious faults.

If in exceptional circumstances, an examiner decides not to give an explanation, full reasons for the decision should be noted in the additional comments section of the digital test report.

Where a candidate refuses the de-brief, the examiner should give their opinion as to why, or any explanation given by the candidate, in the additional comments section of the digital test report.

If the candidate wants to discuss the test in greater detail, it should be explained that examiners are not permitted to do this. However, to be helpful, the examiner should suggest that their comments about the items marked or contained within the end of test summary be relayed (by the candidate) to their instructor, who should be able to provide the detail required.

If a candidate argues or becomes abusive, or so upset that an explanation is obviously of no value, the examiner should abandon the attempt and a brief note should be made on the digital test report.

1.41 Driving test report

The digital test report comprises a digital journal, containing all of the information relevant to the candidate and their test booking along with a digital test report relating to their completed practical test.

1.42 Completion of DTR at the end of the test

The route number must be recorded.

Method of independent driving must be recorded.

If the candidate’s appearance is a true likeness of the licence photo, this must be recorded. Distinguishing features should also be recorded, and additional information recorded if candidate appearance was different to the licence photo. Examiners should ensure that any description is factual and cannot be misconstrued as being in any way offensive.

Photocard or Passport must be recorded.

Show Me question asked must be recorded.

The appropriate weather condition(s) must be recorded.

In additional information the name of any DVSA staff member accompanying the test should be recorded. It is not necessary to record the name of an ADI / accompanying driver or candidate’s friend.

After failed tests, details which may be useful in dealing with any enquiry or complaint, should be recorded, for example:
- the details of any serious or dangerous fault recorded on the test report
- notes of variations from standard controls
- any unusual behaviour or comment by the candidate
- any other special feature of the test, such as the vehicle being in a car park and causing difficulty before the test started.
Plain words should be used with no abbreviations. After passed tests, any unusual incidents or circumstances that occurred should be recorded. Followed by the examiner’s signature in the box provided, if a paper contingency form is being used.