Sharp rise in flu cases at the start of the festive period, with peak still to come
Source: gov.uk (2025-12-04)

Weekly UKHSA report for the 2025/26 season, monitoring respiratory viruses as people are encouraged to take simple steps to protect themselves.

This weekly bulletin brings together the latest surveillance data, along with the latest public health advice for flu, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and other viruses.

Latest

With just 3 weeks until Christmas, the UK Health Security Agency is urging all eligible groups to ensure they help protect themselves against flu and RSV as cases sharply increase. The latest data shows that cases of flu and RSV have risen significantly in the past week and we are now seeing more flu cases among adults. Flu hospitalisations have increased by 63% in the past week and with increased mixing and socialising over the next few weeks, this is expected to exacerbate these increases further.

The flu vaccine offers the best protection against severe illness and hospitalisation. However, it can take up to 2 weeks following vaccination to develop antibodies and an immune response. This is why – with just 3 weeks until Christmas - it’s important that anyone who is eligible books an appointment now to ensure they have the best protection possible in time for the festive period.

This week’s data also shows that cases of RSV continue to increase despite the later start this year to the RSV season, so it’s important that eligible groups make sure they are vaccinated. For RSV, pregnant women are offered the vaccine from 28 weeks and it is recommended during every pregnancy to help provide the best protection for newborn babies, who are at highest risk. RSV also impacts older adults and can cause severe illness, which is why those aged 75 to 79 or who turned 80 years old after 1 September 2024 are also offered the vaccine.

Those who are eligible for the flu vaccine are at most risk of serious complications from flu. This includes everyone over 65, those who are pregnant, or those with certain long-term health conditions.

School-aged children in reception to Year 11 are offered the vaccine through school while parents can book an appointment at their GP surgery for 2 and 3 year olds. If your child missed their flu vaccine in school, they should still able to visit local community clinics to get protected.

In the week between 24 and 30 November 2025:
- influenza activity increased and is now circulating at medium levels
- respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity increased and is now circulating at medium levels
- COVID-19 activity was stable and is at baseline levels
The flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-flu-and-covid-19-surveillance-reports-2025-to-2026-season) and the national norovirus and rotavirus surveillance reports: 2025 to 2026 season (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-norovirus-and-rotavirus-surveillance-reports-2025-to-2026-season) are published weekly.

Flu surveillance data for week 47 (24 – 30 November):
- flu activity increased and is circulating at medium levels
- flu positivity increased to 17.1% compared with 11.6% in the previous week
- overall, flu hospitalisations were increasing at 7.79 per 100,000 from 4.78 per 100,000 in the previous week
For the 2025 to 2026 season’s vaccination programme, children and pregnant women have been eligible since 1 September, with other groups eligible from 1 October.

Up to the end of week 48 (30 November), vaccine uptake stands at:
- 36.4% in those aged under 65 years with one or more long term health conditions
- 34.9% in all pregnant women
- 70.9% in all those aged over 65 years
- 40.9% in children aged 2 years and 41.5% in children aged 3 years
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 47 (24 to 30 November):
- RSV activity increased and is circulating at medium levels
- RSV positivity increased slightly to 10% compared with 8.7% in the previous week
- the overall weekly hospital admission rate for RSV is increasing at 3.75 per 100,000 compared with 2.38 per 100,000 in the previous week
- emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis increased
COVID-19 surveillance data for week 47 (24 to 30 November):
- COVID-19 activity was stable and is at baseline levels
- COVID-19 positivity decreased slightly to 2.1% from 2.3% in the previous week
- COVID-19 hospitalisations were increasing at 1.03 per 100,000 compared with 0.88 per 100,000 in the previous week
- COVID-19 ICU admissions remained low at 0.04 per 100,000 compared with 0.03 per 100,000 in the previous week
Dr Jamie Lopez Bernal, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA:

With flu and RSV cases sharply increasing in the past week and Christmas just 3 weeks away, now is your last chance if eligible to help get protected before Christmas. We expect to see these viruses circulating more widely in the lead up to Christmas and more people getting sick – threatening a potential peak over the festive period and into the New Year.

Nobody wants anyone in their family, especially young children, to spend Christmas in hospital. The best defence against this is a vaccine, but time is running out as it can take up to 2 weeks from vaccination for your body to build maximum protection. So don’t delay any longer, if anyone in your family is eligible, book that appointment today or take your child to the local community clinic.

You can also help flu-proof your festivities by taking simple steps to protect yourself, family and friends. If you have flu-like symptoms such as a high temperature, cough or feeling tired and achy – try to limit contact with others, especially those at higher risk. Wash your hands regularly, keep indoor spaces well-ventilated and if you need to go out while unwell, consider wearing a face mask.

Norovirus surveillance data between weeks 47 to 48 (17 November to 30 November 2025)

Norovirus activity has varied in recent weeks but remains within expected levels.

Total norovirus laboratory reports between weeks 47 and 48 of 2025 were 35.2% lower than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period. Overall, norovirus laboratory reports between weeks 47 and 48 were 15.3% lower than during the previous 2-week period.

Total rotavirus activity has varied in recent weeks and exceeded expected levels in week 47 of 2025. Total reports between weeks 47 and 48 of 2025 were 58.0% higher than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period.

The number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2025/2026 season is 45.3% lower than the 5-season average.

During the 2025/2026 season to date, the majority (82.7%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequent genotype identified was GII.4 (30.2%).

In recent weeks GII.4 has emerged as the predominant genotype and detections of GII.17 have decreased.

Amy Douglas, Lead Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

Norovirus has remained within expected levels in recent weeks, but with the festive season approaching it’s important to remember the simple steps we can take to prevent the spread of norovirus.

At the moment the highest rate of cases is in children so if your child has any symptoms, please keep them off school or nursery until 48 hours after their symptoms stop.

If you’re unwell, don’t go to work or prepare food for others until 48 hours after your symptoms end and avoid visiting hospitals and care homes to prevent spreading the infection to vulnerable people.

Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so don’t rely on these alone.

Previous

Thursday 27 November

The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) is urging all eligible groups to make sure that they are up to date with their vaccinations in the run up to Christmas, as levels of respiratory viruses including flu and RSV continue to increase.

The vaccinations offered for flu, RSV and COVID-19 help provide the best protection against severe illness and hospitalisation. Flu causes thousands of hospitalisations every year and RSV is the leading cause of infant mortality globally, which highlights why UKHSA is calling on eligible groups to get vaccinated.

For RSV, pregnant women are offered the vaccine from 28 weeks and it is recommended during every pregnancy to help provide the best protection for newborn babies. The latest maternal RSV coverage data (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/rsv-maternal-vaccination-coverage-in-england) was also published this week, showing that 55.6% of babies born in July were protected by maternal vaccination. RSV also impacts older adults and can cause severe illness, which is why those aged 75 to 79 or who turned 80 years old after 1 September 2024 are also offered the vaccine.

Those who are eligible for the flu vaccine are at most risk of serious complications from flu. This includes everyone over 65, those who are pregnant, or those with certain long-term health conditions.

Parents are reminded to sign and return consent forms to schools for children in reception to year 11, or to book an appointment at their GP for children aged 2 to 3, to ensure their child gets vaccinated against flu. Pregnant women can also get vaccinated through maternity services.

While COVID-19 activity continues to decrease, we still advise those vulnerable in eligible groups to get the COVID-19 vaccine, to reduce the risk of severe illness.

In the week between 17 and 23 November 2025:

influenza activity increased and is circulating at low levels

COVID-19 activity decreased across most indicators and is at baseline levels

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity increased and is circulating at low-medium levels

The flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-flu-and-covid-19-surveillance-reports-2025-to-2026-season) and the national norovirus and rotavirus surveillance reports: 2025 to 2026 season (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-norovirus-and-rotavirus-surveillance-reports-2025-to-2026-season) are published weekly.

Flu surveillance data for week 46 (17 to 23 November)

In week 46:
- flu activity increased and is circulating at low levels
- flu positivity increased slightly to 11.6% compared with 10.7% in the previous hi week
- overall, flu hospitalisations were increasing at 4.56 per 100,000 from 3.39 per 100,000 in the previous week
For the 2025 and 2026 season’s vaccination programme, children and pregnant women have been eligible since 1 September, with other groups eligible from 1 October.

Up to the end of week 47 (23 November), vaccine uptake stands at:
- 35.1% in those aged under 65 years with one or more long term health conditions
- 33.9% in all pregnant women
- 69.6% in all those aged over 65 years
- 39.8% in children aged 2 years and 40.3% in children aged 3 years
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 46 (17 to 23 November)

In week 46:
- RSV activity increased and is circulating at low-medium levels
- the overall weekly hospital admission rate for RSV was increasing at 2.54 per 100,000 compared with 1.77 per 100,000 in the previous week
- emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis increased
Due to technical issues with DataMart, RSV laboratory surveillance was not updated this week. Among all tested samples in primary care, 12.4% were positive for RSV compared with 7.1% in the previous week.

COVID-19 surveillance data for week 46 (17 to 23 November)

In week 46:
- COVID-19 activity decreased across most indicators and is at baseline levels
- COVID-19 positivity decreased to 2.2% from 3.3% in the previous week
COVID-19 hospitalisations were decreasing at 0.85 per 100,000 compared with 1.13 per 100,000 in the previous week
- COVID-19 ICU admissions remained low at 0.02 per 100,000 compared with 0.04 per 100,000 in the previous week
Dr Conall Watson, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA:

With less than 4 weeks until Christmas, when we will see many people mixing more indoors, we’re urging all those eligible to get vaccinated against flu and RSV as soon as possible to ensure they’re protected against severe illness this winter. Both flu and RSV levels have increased again in the past week and we expect to see infections rise further as people gather and celebrate indoors. It can take around 2 weeks for immunity from the flu vaccine to reach its best, which is why it’s important to get booked in for your vaccine as soon as possible.

Vaccination can make all the difference in preventing severe illness and hospitalisation for those eligible. If you haven’t yet, please make an appointment with the NHS. Rising RSV admissions are an important reminder of the importance of RSV vaccination in pregnancy to protect newborns.

There are also simple steps we can all take to help protect one another ahead of the festive period. If you have flu or COVID-19 symptoms – including a high temperature, cough and feeling tired or achy – you should try to minimise contact with others, especially those more vulnerable. Washing hands regularly and ensuring indoor spaces are well ventilated both help. If you have symptoms and need to go out, consider wearing a face covering.

Norovirus surveillance data between weeks 46 to 47 (10 to 23 November)

In week 46:
- norovirus activity has decreased in recent weeks but remains within expected levels
- total norovirus laboratory reports between weeks 46 and 47 of 2025 were 31.0% lower than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period
- total rotavirus laboratory reports between weeks 46 and 47 of 2025 were 50.6% higher than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period
- the number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2025/2026 season is 40.8% lower than the 5-season average
- during the 2025/2026 season to date, the majority (84.8%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequent genotype identified was GII.4 (31.3%)
- in recent weeks GII.4 has emerged as the predominant genotype and detections of GII.17 have decreased
Amy Douglas, Lead Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

Norovirus activity has remained within expected levels in recent weeks, but it’s important to remember the simple steps we can take to prevent the spread of norovirus.

At the moment the highest rate of cases is in children so if your child has any symptoms, please keep them off school or nursery until 48 hours after their symptoms stop.

If you’re unwell, don’t go to work or prepare food for others until 48 hours after your symptoms end and avoid visiting hospitals and care homes to prevent spreading the infection to vulnerable people.

Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so don’t rely on these alone.

Previous

Thursday 20 November

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) season has started, according to the latest respiratory surveillance data from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). While the flu season started earlier, levels of RSV have been lower until recently, with the latest data showing a further increase in positive tests and hospital admissions, which is later than seen in previous years.

RSV infects around 90% of children within the first years of life and while it typically causes mild, cold-like symptoms, it can also lead to severe lung infections like pneumonia and infant bronchiolitis in some cases and is the leading cause of infant mortality globally.

Pregnant women are offered the vaccine at 28 weeks and it is recommended during every pregnancy to help provide the best protection for newborn babies. RSV also impacts older adults and can cause severe illness, which is why those aged 75 to 79 and who turned 80 years old after 1 September 2024 are also offered the vaccine.

Flu continues to circulate at low levels and it’s particularly important that eligible groups ensure they take up the offer of vaccination to help protect themselves as we head into the festive season. From this weekend, NHS teams across the country are ramping up their winter flu vaccine offer by hosting pop-up clinics (https://www.england.nhs.uk/2025/11/catch-a-bargain-not-a-bug-with-nhs-jabs-available-on-the-high-street-this-black-friday/) across shopping centres, high streets, football clubs and soft play areas.

Those who are eligible for the flu vaccine are at most risk of serious complications from flu. This includes everyone aged over 65, those who are pregnant, or those with certain long-term health conditions. Appointments can be booked now through the NHS booking system or GP surgeries.

Parents are reminded to sign and return consent forms to schools for children in reception to year 11, or to book an appointment at their GP for 2 to 3-year-olds, to ensure their child gets vaccinated against flu. Pregnant women can also get vaccinated through maternity services.

While COVID-19 activity has decreased, we still ask those eligible to get the COVID-19 vaccine, to reduce the risk of severe illness.

In the week between 10 and 16 November 2025:
- influenza activity showed mixed trends and continues to circulate at low levels after an unusually early start to the flu season
- COVID-19 activity decreased and is at baseline levels
- respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity increased and is now circulating at low levels
The flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-flu-and-covid-19-surveillance-reports-2025-to-2026-season) and the national norovirus and rotavirus surveillance reports: 2025 to 2026 season (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-norovirus-and-rotavirus-surveillance-reports-2025-to-2026-season) are published weekly.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 45 (10 to 16 November):
- RSV activity increased and is now circulating at low levels; this is a later start to the season than usually expected
- RSV positivity increased to 4% compared with 2.8% in the previous week
- emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis increased
- the overall weekly hospital admission rate for RSV was increasing at 1.79 per 100,000 compared with 1.33 per 100,000 in the previous week
Flu surveillance data for week 45 (10 to 16 November):
- influenza activity showed mixed trends and continues to circulate at low levels after an unusually early start to the flu season
- flu positivity decreased to 11.1% compared with 11.7% in the previous week
- overall, flu hospitalisations were decreasing slightly at 3.37 per 100,000 from 3.68 per 100,000 in the previous week
For the 2025 to 26 season’s vaccination programme, children and pregnant women have been eligible since 1 September, with other groups eligible from 1 October.

Up to the end of week 46 (9 November), vaccine uptake stands at:
- 33.5% in those aged under 65 years with one or more long term health conditions
- 32.8% in all pregnant women
- 67.8% in all those aged over 65 years
- 38.5% in children aged 2 years and 38.8% in children aged 3 years
COVID-19 surveillance data for week 45 (10 to 16 November):
- COVID-19 activity decreased and is at baseline levels
- COVID-19 positivity decreased to 3.3% from 4.7% in the previous week
- COVID-19 hospitalisations were decreasing at 1.08 per 100,000 compared with 1.80 per 100,000 in the previous week
- COVID-19 ICU admissions remained low at 0.04 per 100,000 compared with 0.08 per 100,000 in the previous week
- there were 9 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in total, with 6 incidents in care homes, 2 incidents in educational settings and 1 incident in hospital
- those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which decreased to 10.97 per 100,000 compared with 17.50 per 100,000 in the previous week
Dr Alex Allen, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

This week’s data shows how respiratory virus seasonal trends can vary from year to year, with RSV starting later than expected and flu starting over a month earlier. Despite our virus surveillance showing a mixed picture of activity for flu, we still expect to see further increases as we head into the colder winter months. With temperatures already starting to drop this week, we expect to see an increase in indoor mixing, which is why it’s particularly important if you’re eligible, to get vaccinated- it remains our best defence against severe illness and hospitalisation.

People are also reminded of the simple steps they can take to help protect themselves and the wider community ahead of the festive period. Anyone with flu or COVID-19 symptoms – including a high temperature, cough and feeling tired or achy – should minimise contact with others, especially those more vulnerable. Washing hands regularly and ensuring indoor spaces are well ventilated is important and if you need to go out with symptoms, consider wearing a face mask.

Norovirus surveillance data between weeks 45 to 46 (3 to 16 November):
- norovirus activity has varied in recent weeks but remains within expected levels.
- overall, norovirus laboratory reports between weeks 45 and 46 (3 November to 16 November 2025) were 18.5% lower than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period and 7.7% lower than during the previous 2-week period of weeks 43 to 44 of 2025
- the rate remained highest among children aged 0 to 4 years
- rotavirus activity between weeks 45 and 46 of 2025 were 21.3% higher than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period
- the number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2025/2026 season is 50.5% lower than the 5-season average
- during the 2025/2026 season to date, the majority (84.6%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequent genotype identified were GII.4 (29.5%) and GII.17 (21.5%)
- Norovirus symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea but can also include a high temperature, abdominal pain and aching limbs. Norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time
Amy Douglas, Lead Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

Norovirus activity has remained within expected levels in recent weeks, but it’s important to remember the simple steps we can take to prevent the spread of norovirus.

At the moment the highest rate of cases is in children so if your child has any symptoms, please keep them off school or nursery until 48 hours after their symptoms stop.

If you’re unwell, do not go to work or prepare food for others until 48 hours after your symptoms end and avoid visiting hospitals and care homes to prevent spreading the infection to vulnerable people.

Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so do not rely on these alone.

Thursday 13 November 2025

The latest UKHSA flu surveillance data continues to show the impact of school half term breaks, with reduced mixing stabilising some flu indicators, though the overall trend remains increasing flu activity. Flu levels remain above what is typical for this time of year, with a ‘drifted’ H3N2 sub-strain driving the unusually early start to the season.

UKHSA’s rapid analysis of vaccine effectiveness (https://www.gov.uk/government/news/flu-vaccine-providing-important-protection-despite-new-subclade) has been issued this week showing that the vaccine is providing strong protection despite the new sub-strain. Anyone eligible who is yet to get vaccinated is encouraged to get the flu vaccine now.

As we head into one of the busiest times of the year, everyone eligible should ensure they take up the offer of vaccination to help protect themselves ahead of expected further increases in flu.

Those who are at most risk of serious complication from flu are eligible for a free flu vaccine. This includes everyone over 65, those who are pregnant, or those with certain long-term health conditions, who can contact their GP or book their flu vaccination appointment now through the NHS booking system. Parents are reminded to sign and return consent forms to schools for school aged-children (reception to year 11), or to book an appointment at their GP for 2 to 3-year-olds, to ensure their child gets vaccinated against flu. Pregnant women can also get vaccinated through maternity services.

In the week between 3 and 9 November 2025:
- influenza activity showed mixed trends and is now circulating at low levels; this is an unusually early start to the flu season – levels currently remain low but are expected to rise further
- COVID-19 activity decreased and is at baseline levels
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity increased but is still at baseline levels
The flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-flu-and-covid-19-surveillance-reports-2025-to-2026-season) and the national norovirus and rotavirus surveillance reports: 2025 to 2026 season (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-norovirus-and-rotavirus-surveillance-reports-2025-to-2026-season) are published weekly.

Other flu surveillance data for week 44 (3 to 9 November):
- flu positivity increased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 11.9%, compared to 10.9% in the previous week (this is based on a percentage of people who test positive in hospital)
- overall, flu hospitalisations were stable at 3.85 per 100,000 from 3.96 per 100,000 in the previous week
- among all tested samples in primary care, 16% were positive, compared with 20.4% in the previous week
For the 2025/2026 season’s vaccination programme, children and pregnant women have been eligible since 1 September, with other groups eligible from 1 October. Latest figures show less than a third (31.4%) of people with one or more long term health conditions (LTHCs) have had a flu vaccine.

Up to the end of week 45 (9 November), vaccine uptake stands at:
- 31.4% in those aged under 65 years with one or more long term health conditions
- 31.4% in all pregnant women
- 65.1% in all those aged over 65 years
- 36.6% in children aged 2 years and 36.8% in children aged 3 years
COVID-19 surveillance data for week 44 (3 to 9 November):
- COVID-19 positivity in hospital settings decreased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 5% compared with 5.9% in the previous week
- COVID-19 hospitalisations were decreasing at 1.72 per 100,000 compared with 2.18 per 100,000 in the previous week
- COVID-19 ICU admissions remained low at 0.07 per 100,000 compared with 0.07 per 100,000 in the previous week
- there were 16 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in total, with 12 incidents in care homes, 3 incidents in hospitals and 1 in other settings
- those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which decreased to 17.36 per 100,000 compared with 22.22 per 100,000 in the previous week
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 44 (3 to 9 November):
- RSV activity increased but is still circulating at baseline levels, with data suggesting this is a later start to the season than usually expected
- positivity increased to 4% compared with 2.7% in the previous week
- emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis increased
- the overall weekly hospital admission rate for RSV was increasing at 1.41 per 100,000 compared with 0.90 per 100,000 in the previous week
Dr Conall Watson, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

Flu continues to increase overall, despite the half-term break slowing transmission temporarily. So today we’re issuing a further vaccine call to arms in our fight against flu. This upward trend reinforces the importance of vaccination for anyone eligible, especially as we head into a busy period with greater indoor mixing, when we typically see flu cases going up.

This week, we issued a rapid, rigorous analysis that shows children and adults are already receiving strong protection from this year’s flu vaccines and I encourage anyone eligible to book their vaccination appointment sooner rather than later.

Eligible groups can book their vaccination appointments on the NHS national booking system and parents should ensure school consent forms are completed, or GP appointments are booked for younger children.

Anyone with flu or COVID-19 symptoms – including high temperature, cough, and feeling tired or achy – should minimise contact with others, especially those more vulnerable. Washing hands regularly and ensuring indoor spaces are well ventilated is important and if you need to go out with symptoms, consider wearing a face covering.

Dr Amanda Doyle, National Director for Primary Care and Community Services at NHS England, said:

Flu has hit the NHS early this year, and last week we issued an urgent SOS to people who are eligible for a flu jab but haven’t yet had one to come forward, with just weeks left to ensure the best protection against the worst of the flu season.

It’s vital that those eligible who haven’t had their jab yet join the 14.4 million people who have helped protect themselves against flu ahead of winter, when viruses tend to circulate and the NHS faces increased pressure on its services.

The vaccine is proven to be safe and helps prevent those at risk from getting seriously ill or even hospitalised from flu – so please check your local pharmacy, book an appointment online or by calling 119, or speak to your GP practice today about receiving your winter flu vaccine.

Norovirus surveillance data between weeks 44 to 45 (27 October to 9 November):
- norovirus activity has varied in recent weeks but remains within expected levels.
- overall, norovirus laboratory reports between weeks 44 and 45 (27 October 2025 to 9 November 2025) were comparable to the 5-season average for the same 2-week period, but 5.5% lower than during the previous 2-week period of weeks 42 to 43 of 2025
- the rate remained highest among children aged 0 to 4 years
- rotavirus activity between weeks 44 and 45 of 2025 was comparable to the 5-season average for the same 2-week period
- the number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2025/2026 season is 48.9% lower than the 5-season average
- during the 2025/2026 season to date, the majority (83.4%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequent genotype identified were GII.4 (27.6%) and GII.17 (23.2%)
Norovirus symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea but can also include a high temperature, abdominal pain and aching limbs. Norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time.

Amy Douglas, Lead Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

Norovirus activity has remained within expected levels in recent weeks, but it’s important to remember the simple steps we can take to prevent the spread of norovirus.

At the moment the highest rate of cases is in children so if your child has any symptoms, please keep them off school or nursery until 48 hours after their symptoms stop.

If you’re unwell, don’t go to work or prepare food for others until 48 hours after your symptoms end and avoid visiting hospitals and care homes to prevent spreading the infection to vulnerable people.

Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so don’t rely on these alone.

Previous

Thursday 6 November 2025

The latest UKHSA surveillance data has shown that flu cases are continuing to rise following an early start to the season, with further increases in children and young adults. Although the school half-term break may have helped slow transmission temporarily, it’s expected that the rise will accelerate further in the coming weeks, with many people still unvaccinated whilst flu hospitalisations increase.

UKHSA is urging all eligible groups to come forward for their flu vaccination now, ahead of the winter months when cases of flu typically peak. It’s important that everyone over 65, pregnant, or with certain long-term health conditions books their flu vaccination appointment. Parents are reminded to sign and return consent forms to schools, or to book an appointment for 2 to 3-year-olds, to ensure their child gets vaccinated against flu.

With a late start to the RSV season but activity now increasing, pregnant women and older people are also urged to get their RSV vaccine.

In the week between 27 October and 2 November 2025:
- influenza activity increased; this is an unusually early start to the flu season, but levels remain low for the time being
- COVID-19 activity decreased and is circulating at baseline levels
- respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity increased but is still circulating at baseline levels
The flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-flu-and-covid-19-surveillance-reports-2025-to-2026-season) is published weekly.

Other flu surveillance data for week 43 (27 October – 2 November):
- flu positivity increased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 10.9%, compared to 8.2% in the previous week (this is based on a percentage of people who test positive in hospital)
- overall, flu hospitalisations increased to 3.81 per 100,000 from 2.44 per 100,000 in the previous week
- among all tested samples in primary care, 15.6% were positive, compared with 10.2% in the previous week
- for the 2025-26 season’s vaccination programme, children and pregnant women have been eligible since 1 September, with other groups eligible from 1 October. Latest figures show less than a third (28.9%) of people with one or more long term health conditions (LTHCs) have had a flu vaccine
Up to the end of week 44 (2 November), vaccine uptake stands at:
- 28.9% in those aged under 65 years with one or more long term health conditions
- 29.7% in all pregnant women
- 61.5% in all those aged over 65 years
- 34.2% in children aged 2 years and 34.3% in children aged 3 years
COVID-19 surveillance data for week 43 (27 October – 2 November):
- COVID-19 positivity in hospital settings decreased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 5.7% compared with 7.7% in the previous week
- COVID-19 hospitalisations decreased to 2.22 per 100,000 compared with 2.51 per 100,000 in the previous week
- COVID-19 ICU admissions remained low at 0.07 per 100,000 compared with 0.09 per 100,000 in the previous week
- There were 18 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in total, with 15 incidents in care homes, 2 incidents in hospitals and 1 in other settings
- Those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which decreased to 22.71 per 100,000 compared with 28.59 per 100,000 in the previous week
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 43 (27 October – 2 November):
- RSV activity increased but is still circulating at baseline levels, with data suggesting this is a later start to the season than usually expected
- Emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis increased
- The overall weekly hospital admission rate for RSV was increasing at 0.90 per 100,000 compared with 0.29 per 100,000 in the previous week
Dr Jamie Lopez Bernal, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

Flu continues to increase among younger people despite the school half-term break. We expect the holidays gave flu a ‘firebreak’ and dampened the spread, but we do now expect to see further increases as people return to school and work.

With this upward trend continuing, it’s more important than ever that those eligible for a free flu vaccine come forward. Vaccination remains the most effective way to protect yourself from serious illness and hospitalisation. Eligible groups can book their appointment through the NHS national booking system and parents should ensure school consent forms are completed or GP appointments are booked for younger children.

Anyone with flu or COVID-19 symptoms – including high temperature, cough, and feeling tired or achy – should minimise contact with others, especially those who are vulnerable. If you need to go out with symptoms, consider wearing a face covering, wash hands regularly and ensure indoor spaces are well ventilated.

Norovirus surveillance data between weeks 43 to 44 (20 October – 2 November):
- Norovirus activity has varied in recent weeks but remains within expected levels
- Overall, norovirus laboratory reports between weeks 43 and 44 (20 October to 2 November) were comparable to the 5-season average for the same 2-week period and cases between these weeks were 12.2% lower than during the previous 2-week period of weeks 41 to 42 of 2025
- The rate remained highest among children aged 0 to 4 years
- Rotavirus activity decreased in recent weeks and reports between weeks 43 and 44 of 2025 were 14.9% lower than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period
- The number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2025/2026 season is 55.7% lower than the 5-season average
- During the 2025/2026 season to date, the majority (85.3%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequent genotype identified were GII.4 (27.4%) and GII.17 (24.6%)
- Norovirus symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea but can also include a high temperature, abdominal pain and aching limbs. Norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time
Amy Douglas, Lead Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

Norovirus activity has remained within expected levels in recent weeks, but it’s important to remember the simple steps we can take to prevent the spread of norovirus as we approach the colder months.

At the moment the highest rate of cases is in children so if your child has any symptoms, please keep them off school or nursery until 48 hours after their symptoms stop.

If you’re unwell, don’t go to work or prepare food for others until 48 hours after your symptoms end and avoid visiting hospitals and care homes to prevent spreading the infection to vulnerable people.

Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so don’t rely on these alone.

Thursday 30 October 2025

As flu activity continues to increase, the UK Health Security Agency is urging all eligible groups to come forward for their free flu vaccination ahead of the winter months. The latest surveillance report, published today, shows that we are experiencing an early start to the flu season, with a sharp increase in activity among children, as well as increases among other age groups in the wider community.

UKHSA is advising everyone aged 65 and over, pregnant women, or those with certain long-term health conditions to book their flu vaccination appointment as soon as possible. Parents are reminded to sign and return consent forms to schools, or to book an appointment for 2 to 3-year-olds, to ensure their child gets vaccinated against flu.

This weekly bulletin brings together the latest surveillance data, along with the latest public health advice for flu, COVID-19, RSV and other viruses.

In week 43:
- Influenza activity increased, with a sharp increase among children and increases in other groups, and is now above baseline
- COVID-19 activity decreased and is now circulating at baseline levels
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) showed mixed activity across some indicators but still circulating at baseline levels
The flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-flu-and-covid-19-surveillance-reports-2025-to-2026-season) is published weekly.

Flu surveillance data for week 43:
- flu activity increased, particularly among children, and is now above baseline
- flu positivity increased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 8.2%, compared to 6.1% in the previous week
- in those aged 5 to 14 positivity rate was 30.8% compared to 20.0% last week (based on a percentage of people who test positive in hospital)
- overall, flu hospitalisations increased from 1.74 per 100,000 to 2.19 per 100,000, with a total of 247 new hospitalisations this week
- the weekly influenza-like illnesses (ILI) General Practice (GP) consultation rate increased to slightly to 6 per 100,000 compared with 5.6 per 100,000 in the previous week
COVID-19 surveillance data for week 43:
- COVID-19 activity decreased and is now circulating at baseline levels
- COVID-19 positivity in hospital settings decreased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 8% compared with 10% in the previous week
- COVID-19 hospitalisations decreased to 2.52 per 100,000 compared to 3.37 per 100,000 in the previous week
- COVID-19 ICU admissions remained low at 0.08 per 100,000 compared with 0.09 per 100,000 in the previous week
- there were 30 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in total, with 23 incidents in care homes, 4 incidents in hospitals, 2 in educational settings and 1 in other settings
- those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which decreased to 27.78 per 100,000 compared with 32.99 per 100,000 in the previous week
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 43:
- RSV showed mixed activity across indicators and was circulating at baseline levels
- Emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis remained stable
- the overall weekly hospital admission rate for RSV was decreasing at 0.26 per 100,000 compared with 0.44 per 100,000 in the previous week
Dr Alex Allen, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

We’re seeing an unusually early start to the flu season this year, with the latest data showing a sharp increase among children but also increases in other age groups, with the virus now starting to spread more widely in the community.

If you’re eligible for a vaccine it is because you are at greater risk of severe illness – every year we see many thousands end up in hospital and far too many deaths from flu. It’s crucial that everyone eligible books their appointment as soon as possible. The vaccine is our best defence.

Parents should return school consent forms or arrange GP appointments for 2 to 3 year olds. The nasal spray vaccine can help stop your child from getting very unwell and reduce the risk of passing flu to vulnerable family members.

Anyone with flu or COVID-19 symptoms, including high temperature, cough, and feeling tired or achy, should minimise contact with others, especially those who are vulnerable. If you need to go out with symptoms, consider wearing a face covering, wash hands regularly and ensure indoor spaces are well ventilated.

Norovirus surveillance data between weeks 42 to 43

Norovirus activity has started to increase in recent weeks though it remains within expected levels.

Overall, norovirus laboratory reports between weeks 42 and 43 (13 October to 26 October) were 5.6% higher than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period and cases between these weeks were 14.4% higher than during the previous 2-week period of weeks 40 to 41 of 2025.

The rate remained highest among children aged 0 to 4 years.

Rotavirus laboratory reports between weeks 42 and 43 of 2025 were comparable to the 5-season average for the same 2-week period.

The number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2025/2026 season is 69.6% lower than the 5-season average.

During the 2025/2026 season to date, the majority (84.9%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequent genotype identified were GII.4 (26.0%) and GII.17 (25.2%).

Norovirus symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea but can also include a high temperature, abdominal pain and aching limbs. Norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time.

Amy Douglas, Lead Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

While norovirus remains within expected levels, we’re seeing an increase in cases so please remember the simple steps we can all take to stop norovirus spreading.

At the moment the highest rate of cases is in children so if your child has any symptoms, please keep them off school or nursery until 48 hours after their symptoms stop.

If you’re unwell, don’t go to work or prepare food for others until 48 hours after your symptoms end and avoid visiting hospitals and care homes to prevent spreading the infection to vulnerable people.

Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so don’t rely on these alone.

Previous

Thursday 23 October 2025

The latest surveillance data published today by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) shows that flu activity is continuing to increase amongst school-aged children, as data also suggests we are seeing signs of a possible earlier flu season.

UKHSA is urging all eligible groups, including everyone over 65, pregnant, or in a clinical risk group, to book their flu vaccination appointment to ensure they are protected heading into winter.

Parents are reminded to sign and return consent forms to schools, or to book an appointment for 2 to 3-year-olds, to ensure their child gets vaccinated against flu. The flu vaccine is offered to children aged 2 to 3 years, school-age children (reception to year 11) and children with certain long-term health conditions (2 and 3 year olds are eligible based on their age on 31 August 2025).

This weekly bulletin brings together the latest surveillance data, along with the latest public health advice for flu, COVID-19, RSV and other viruses.

In week 42:

Influenza activity increased, particularly among children, and is now above baseline in some indicators

COVID-19 showed decreasing activity, circulating at low levels

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) showed increasing activity across some indicators but is still circulating at baseline levels

The flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-flu-and-covid-19-surveillance-reports-2025-to-2026-season) has been published

The Norovirus surveillance report (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-norovirus-and-rotavirus-surveillance-reports-2025-to-2026-season) has been published.

Flu surveillance data for week 42:
- Influenza activity increased, particularly among children, and is now above baseline in some indicators
- Flu positivity increased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 6.1%, compared to 5% in the previous week - this is based on a percentage of people who test positive in hospital * overall, flu hospitalisations increased from 1.29 per 100,000 to 1.73 per 100,000
- weekly influenza-like illnesses (ILI) General Practice (GP) consultation rate increased to 5.6 per 100,000 compared with 5.4 per 100,000 in the previous week
COVID-19 surveillance data for week 42:
- COVID-19 showed decreasing activity, circulating at low levels
- COVID-19 positivity in hospital settings decreased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 10.3% compared with 11.9% in the previous week
- COVID-19 hospitalisations decreased to 3.43 per 100,000 compared to 4.22 per 100,000 in the previous week
- COVID-19 ICU admissions remained low at 0.10 per 100,000 compared with 0.10 per 100,000 in the previous week
- there were 37 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in total, with 32 incidents in care homes and 5 incidents in hospitals
- those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which decreased to 33.24 per 100,000 from 46.99 per 100,000 in the previous week
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 42:
- RSV showed increasing activity across some indicators and was circulating at baseline levels
- emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis remained stable
- the overall weekly hospital admission rate for RSV increased to 0.46 per 100,000 compared with 0.15 per 100,000 in the previous week
Dr Jamie Lopez Bernal, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

We continue to see a rise in flu activity this week, with positive tests among children still increasing. That is why it’s important that parents return consent forms so that children can get the nasal spray vaccine when it is offered in schools. If your child has missed the vaccine at school, get in touch with your local school Imms team to find how you can get a vaccine. Those children in high-risk groups can also go through their GP. And all those in other eligible groups who are more vulnerable take up the free flu vaccine as soon as possible.

It is likely that flu circulation will spread into other groups of the population over the coming weeks, therefore it is important that all eligible groups get vaccinated. The vaccine remains our best defence against severe illness and hospitalisation from flu and is offered to everyone aged over 65, pregnant, or in a clinical risk group as well as school-aged children and 2 and 3 years.

It’s also important to remember the simple steps that we can all take to protect against respiratory illnesses. Anyone experiencing flu or COVID-19 symptoms, including high temperature, cough and feeling tired or achy, should try to minimise contact with others, particularly with those who may be vulnerable. If you have symptoms and need to leave the house, our advice remains that you should consider wearing a face covering. Washing hands regularly and using and disposing tissues in bins can reduce the spread of these illnesses, as can ensuring that indoor areas are well ventilated.

Norovirus surveillance data between weeks 41 to 42:

Norovirus activity has remained low and within expected levels during this 2-week period between 6 October 2025 and 19 October 2025 (weeks 41 and 42). However, cases have started to increase in recent weeks.

Overall, norovirus laboratory reports between weeks 41 and 42 were comparable to the 5-season average for the same 2-week period and cases between these weeks were 24.6% higher than during the previous 2-week period of weeks 39 to 40 of 2025.

The rate remained low across all regions and age groups but was highest among children aged 0 to 4 years.

Rotavirus reporting between weeks 41 and 42 of 2025 was 7.3% higher than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period.

The number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2025/2026 season is 70.6% lower than the 5-season average.

During the 2025/2026 season to date, the majority (84.0%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequent genotype identified was GII.4 (26.0%). These figures have not changed since the previous report as no additional molecular surveillance data is available.

Norovirus symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea but can also include a high temperature, abdominal pain and aching limbs. Norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time.

Amy Douglas, Lead Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

While norovirus activity remains low and within expected levels, we are starting to see an increase in cases. As we approach the colder months, it’s important to remember the simple steps we can all take to prevent norovirus spreading.

If you have diarrhoea and vomiting, don’t return to work, school or nursery until 48 hours after your symptoms have stopped and don’t prepare food for others in that time either. If you are unwell, avoid visiting people in hospitals and care homes to prevent passing on the infection in these settings.

Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so don’t rely on these alone.

Previous

Thursday 16 October 2025

The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) is urging all eligible groups to come forward for their free flu vaccination now. This is because the latest data published today suggests that flu is increasing early this year and hospitalisations starting to rise.

Current flu levels are still within the typical seasonal range and similar to what was seen in 2022 to 2023 when there was a relatively early flu season following the COVID-19 pandemic. Latest data suggests that cases amongst younger adults and school-age children are driving the early flu signal.

UKHSA is advising everyone over 65, pregnant, or in a clinical risk group to book their flu vaccination appointment.

Parents are reminded to sign and return consent forms to schools, or to book an appointment for children aged 2 to 3 years, to ensure their child gets vaccinated against flu.

This weekly bulletin brings together the latest surveillance data, along with the latest public health advice for flu, COVID-19, RSV and other viruses.

In week 41:
- influenza activity showed increasing activity across indicators, particularly in children, but still at baseline levels
- COVID-19 activity showed slightly decreasing activity, and circulating at medium levels
- respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) showed increasing activity across some indicators but still circulating at baseline levels
The flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-flu-and-covid-19-surveillance-reports-2025-to-2026-season) is published weekly.

Flu surveillance data for week 41

In week 41:
- flu showed increasing activity across indicators, particularly in children, and was at baseline levels
- flu positivity increased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 5.0%, compared to 3.3% in the previous week – this is based on a percentage of people who test positive in hospital.
Overall, flu hospitalisations increased from 0.73 per 100,000 to 1.27 per 100,000.

The weekly influenza-like illnesses (ILI) General Practice (GP) consultation rate increased to 5.4 per 100,000 compared with 4.2 per 100,000 in the previous week.

COVID-19 surveillance data for week 41

In week 41:
- COVID-19 showed slightly decreasing activity, circulating at medium levels
- COVID-19 positivity in hospital settings decreased slightly with a weekly mean positivity rate of 12% compared with 13.1% in the previous week
- COVID-19 hospitalisations slightly decreased to 4.09 per 100,000 compared to 4.50 per 100,000 in the previous week
- COVID-19 ICU admissions decreased to 0.09 per 100,000 compared with 0.14 per 100,000 in the previous week
There were 69 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in total, with:
- 57 incidents in care homes
- 9 incidents in hospitals
- 1 in educational settings
- 2 in other settings
Those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which remained stable at 46.23 per 100,000 compared with 47.29 per 100,000 in the previous week.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 41:

In week 41:
- RSV showed increasing activity across some indicators and was circulating at baseline levels
- emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis remained stable
The overall weekly hospital admission rate for RSV increased 0.18 per 100,000 compared with 0.14 per 100,000 in the previous week.

In children aged under 5 years, the hospitalisation rate for RSV increased to 2.68 per 100,000 (compared with 1.62 per 100,000 in the previous week).

Dr Conall Watson, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

This week’s data is showing a rise in positive tests for flu, particularly in children and younger adults, as well as an increase in GP and A&E attendances. It is relatively early in the autumn to be seeing these increases and we will be monitoring this closely in the coming weeks.

It’s absolutely crucial that everyone eligible for a flu vaccine books their appointment – it could make all the difference in avoiding severe illness and hospitalisation.

Parents should complete school flu consent forms or arrange an appointment for eligible preschoolers at the GP – the vaccine is usually given as a simple nasal spray and could stop your child getting very unwell, as well as making them less likely to pass on flu to those around them, including grandparents and those with long term health conditions. They can usually have the flu vaccine even if they have a cold, which is very common at this time of the year.

It’s also important to remember the simple steps that we can all take to protect against respiratory illnesses. Anyone experiencing flu or COVID-19 symptoms, including high temperature, cough and feeling tired or achy, should try to minimise contact with others, particularly with those who may be vulnerable. If you have symptoms and need to leave the house, our advice remains that you should consider wearing a face covering. Washing hands regularly and using and disposing tissues in bins can reduce the spread of these illnesses, as can ensuring that indoor areas are well ventilated.

Health Minister Karin Smyth said:

Vaccines save lives and are a vital way to protect children when they need it most - especially as we head into a winter that will see the NHS under strain from flu.

It is easier than ever to book your flu vaccination with appointments available at GP surgeries, pharmacies and community centres across the country.

This government is working hard to brace our health service ahead of winter, and so I urge parents who are yet to vaccinate their children to come forward to protect them and our NHS.

Norovirus surveillance data between weeks 40 to 41:

Between weeks 40 to 41:
- norovirus activity has remained low and was within expected levels during the 2-week period between 29 September and 12 October – however, norovirus activity has increased from the previous 2-week period
- overall, norovirus laboratory reports between weeks 40 and 41 were 7.0% lower than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period
- the rate remained low across all regions and age groups but was highest among children aged 0 to 4 years
- rotavirus reporting between weeks 40 and 41 of 2025 was 17.0% lower than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period
- the number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2025/2026 season is 73.1% lower than the 5-season average
- during the 2025/2026 season to date, the majority (84.0%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequent genotype identified was GII.4 (26.0%)
Norovirus symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea but can also include a high temperature, abdominal pain and aching limbs.

Norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time

Hannah Charles, Consultant Epidemiologist, at UKHSA, said:

While norovirus activity remains low and within expected levels, we have seen a slight increase in cases in recent weeks. As we approach the colder months, it’s important to remember the simple steps we can all take to prevent norovirus spreading.

If you have diarrhoea and vomiting, don’t return to work, school or nursery until 48 hours after your symptoms have stopped and don’t prepare food for others in that time either. If you are unwell, avoid visiting people in hospitals and care homes to prevent passing on the infection in these settings.

Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so don’t rely on these alone.

Thursday 9 October 2025

In week 40:
- influenza activity showed increasing activity across indicators, particularly in young adults, and was at baseline levels
- COVID-19 activity showed increasing activity, circulating at medium levels
- respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) showed mixed activity across indicators and was circulating at baseline levels
The flu, COVID-19 and RSV surveillance report (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-flu-and-covid-19-surveillance-reports-2025-to-2026-season) is published weekly.

Flu surveillance data for week 40:
- flu activity showed increasing activity across indicators, particularly in young adults, and was at baseline levels
- flu positivity increased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 3.3%, compared to 1.9% in the previous week - this is based on a percentage of people who test positive in hospital among those with symptoms tested
- overall, flu hospitalisations were at baseline levels, at 0.67 per 100,000. This surveillance formally starts in week 40 so comparisons to the previous week are not possible
- in week 40, the weekly influenza-like illnesses (ILI) General Practice (GP) consultation rate increased to 4.2 per 100,000 compared with 3.3 per 100,000 in the previous week
COVID-19 surveillance data for week 40:
- COVID-19 activity showed increasing activity, circulating at medium levels
- COVID-19 positivity in hospital settings increased with a weekly mean positivity rate of 12.9% compared with 11.7% in the previous week
- COVID-19 hospitalisations increased to 4.65 per 100,000 compared to 3.41 per 100,000 in the previous week
- COVID-19 ICU admissions increased to 0.14 per 100,000 compared with 0.10 per 100,000 in the previous week
- there were 78 COVID-19 acute respiratory incidents reported in week 40 in total, with 70 incidents in care homes, 4 incidents in hospitals, 2 in educational settings and 2 in other settings
- those aged 85 years and over had the highest hospital admission rate, which increased to 48.56 per 100,000 compared with 34.17 per 100,000 in the previous week
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) surveillance data for week 40:
- respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) showed mixed activity across indicators and was circulating at baseline levels
- emergency department attendances for acute bronchiolitis remained stable
- the overall weekly hospital admission rate for RSV was stable at 0.14 per 100,000 compared with 0.14 per 100,000 in the previous week.
Dr Jamie Lopez Bernal, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

The first weekly surveillance report of the 2025/26 season shows that both flu and COVID-19 positivity continue to increase, so everyone eligible for vaccination should take it up now to ensure optimal protection. The NHS national booking system has opened for all eligible groups to book their flu and COVID-19 vaccination appointments.

Remember that there are simple steps everyone can take to protect themselves and others. Anyone experiencing flu or COVID-19 symptoms, including high temperature, cough and feeling tired or achy, should try to minimise contact with others, particularly with those who may be vulnerable. If you have symptoms and need to leave the house, our advice remains that you should consider wearing a face covering. Washing hands regularly and using and disposing tissues in bins can reduce the spread of respiratory illnesses, as can ensuring that indoor areas are well ventilated.

Norovirus surveillance data between weeks 39 to 40:
- norovirus activity has remained low and was within expected levels during this 2-week period between 22 September and 5 October
- overall, norovirus laboratory reports between 22 September and 5 October were 20.6% lower than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period
- the rate remained low across all regions and age groups but was highest among children aged 0 to 4 years
- rotavirus reporting between weeks 39 and 40 of 2025 was 36.6% lower than the 5-season average for the same 2-week period
- the number of norovirus outbreaks reported to the Hospital Norovirus Outbreak Reporting System (HNORS) since the start of the 2025/2026 season is 69.6% lower than the 5-season average
- during the 2025/2026 season to date, the majority (84.4%) of samples characterised were norovirus genogroup 2 (GII), of which the most frequent genotypes identified were GII.4 (26.4%) and GII.17 (26.4%)
- norovirus symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea but can also include a high temperature, abdominal pain and aching limbs (norovirus infections can cause dehydration, especially in vulnerable groups such as young children and older or immunocompromised people, so if you do get ill it is important to drink plenty of fluids during that time)
Amy Douglas, Lead Epidemiologist at UKHSA, said:

Norovirus activity has remained low and within expected levels in recent weeks, but it’s important to remember the simple steps we can take to prevent the spread of norovirus as we approach the colder months.

If you have diarrhoea and vomiting, do not return to work, school or nursery until 48 hours after your symptoms have stopped and do not prepare food for others in that time either. If you are unwell, avoid visiting people in hospitals and care homes to prevent passing on the infection in these settings.

Washing your hands with soap and warm water and using bleach-based products to clean surfaces will also help stop infections from spreading. Alcohol gels do not kill norovirus so do not rely on these alone.