Local plans: the examination process
Source: gov.uk (2025-12-02)

The local plan examination process and the role the Planning Inspectorate plays.

For plans under the new plan-making system

If you are submitting your plan under the new system, use the create or update a local plan new system guidance (https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/create-or-update-a-local-plan-using-the-new-system).

The new plan-making system covers plans that will be prepared and amended under the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, as modified by the Levelling-Up and Regeneration Act 2023.

Introduction

Local plans are prepared by the Local Planning Authority (LPA), usually the Council or the national park authority for the area.

The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-planning-policy-framework--2) states that the planning system should be genuinely plan-led. Succinct and up-to-date plans should provide a positive vision for the future of each area and a framework for addressing housing needs and other economic, social and environmental priorities.

Changes to the local plans system from 2026

From early 2026, there will be a new system for creating and examining local plans. The new plan-making process was first introduced in the Levelling Up and Regeneration Act 2023 with further details confirmed (https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-statements/detail/2025-11-27/hcws1104) in November 2025. Guidance for the new system is being published through the Create and Update a Local Plan (CULP) (https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/create-or-update-a-local-plan-using-the-new-system) service.

The Planning Inspectorate will soon publish the first edition of its Procedure Guide for Local Plans prepared and examined under the new system. This guide will offer a high-level overview of the process and practical advice on the Inspectorate’s role in local plan preparation and examination. Following its publication, further detailed guidance and support relating to the new-style plan making system will be made available throughout 2026, including details of our new digital services for examinations.

During 2026, there will be a transition period where both the existing and new systems will operate concurrently, allowing authorities to choose which route to follow. The last date for local plan submissions under the existing regulations will be 31 December 2026.

Information relating to the existing local plans system

The information below relates to local plan preparation and examination under the existing regulations.

Before the plan is submitted

The Minister of State wrote to the Planning Inspectorate on 30 July 2024 (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/local-plan-examinations-letter-to-the-chief-executive-of-the-planning-inspectorate-july-2024) re-iterating that LPAs must not submit local plans unless they think they are ready for independent examination. It indicates that LPAs should not therefore submit deficient plans believing that Inspectors will use significant time and resource during examinations to ‘fix’ them. It sets out that pragmatism should not be used to address fundamental issues, which would be likely to require pausing or delaying the examination process for over six months overall. Any extensions to a six-month pause should only be allowed at Inspectors’ discretion, where they are confident that LPAs can complete work in an agreed timeline.

In order to help ensure a local plan is ready for examination, once the LPA has finished preparing and consulting on the plan it should complete a pre-examination checklist and send this to the Planning Inspectorate Local plans: pre examination checklists (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/local-plans-pre-examination-checklists). The Planning Inspectorate will then aim to respond in writing within 10 working days either advising that the plan is ready for examination or recommending specific actions for the LPA to take before submitting the plan.

The examination

Once the LPA is satisfied that the local plan is ready for examination, it must be submitted to the Secretary of State who will appoint an Inspector or Inspectors to carry out an independent examination. This process is dealt with by the Planning Inspectorate.

The examination will assess whether the plan has been prepared in accordance with legal and procedural requirements and if it is sound. The four tests of soundness are set out in the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-planning-policy-framework--2).

The Inspector will consider the evidence provided by the LPA to support the plan and any representations which have been put forward by local people and other interested parties. In most cases the examination will include hearing sessions which are held in public. The Inspector will work with the LPA to determine the appropriate format for those sessions, which could be in-person/physical (‘real’), ‘virtual’ video or telephone conference, or a ‘blended’ mix of formats (i.e. a mix of in-person and virtual).

At the end of the examination the Inspector will send a report to the LPA recommending whether or not they can adopt the plan. In most cases the report will recommend some changes that are necessary to allow the plan to be adopted. These are known as ‘main modifications’.

In carrying out the examination, the Inspector will be conscious of the benefits of having a robust and up to date plan adopted as quickly as possible and will apply the principles of openness, fairness and impartiality.

The LPA is responsible for paying for the cost of the examining Inspector. The fees are set out in the Town and Country Planning (Costs of Independent Examinations) (Standard Daily Amount) (England) Regulations 2006 (http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/3227/made).

Advice about local plan examinations

Detailed practical guidance on the procedural aspects of local plan examinations can be found in the Procedure Guide for Local Plan Examinations (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/examining-local-plans-procedural-practice). The Guide includes links to the relevant legislation and applies to local plan examinations, including joint local plans prepared by more than one local planning authority. The appointed Inspector will work with the LPA to determine the format for the hearing sessions and guidance will be provided for all participants. Local authorities wanting more information about how the hearing stages will take place should contact the local plans team at xxx@xxx.xx (mailto:xxx@xxx.xx). Different procedures apply for the examination of Spatial Development Strategies.

There is also a short guide aimed particularly at those taking part in an examination for the first time (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/taking-part-in-local-plan-examinations).

The Government’s planning policies relating to local plans can be found in the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-planning-policy-framework--2) and further information is provided in Planning Practice Guidance (https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/planning-practice-guidance).

The Planning Inspectorate also produces a model representation form for local plans (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/model-representation-form-for-local-plans) which is available for use by LPAs at the publication (Regulation 19) stage of consultation. The Planning Inspectorate takes its data protection responsibilities for the information you provide us with very seriously. To find out more about how we use and manage your personal data, please go to our privacy notice (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/planning-inspectorate-privacy-notices). We have also produced advice for LPAs about designing the local plan examination webpage (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/local-plan-examination-webpages-advice-for-local-planning-authorities).

A copy of the standard Service Level Agreement for the examination is available on request by contacting xxx@xxx.xx (mailto:xxx@xxx.xx). This includes a data sharing agreement.

The Planning Inspectorate provides ‘advisory visits’ which LPAs are encouraged to request during plan preparation. These are informal discussions chaired by an experienced Inspector on a without prejudice basis. Their aim is to assist LPAs to prepare effectively for the examination process. In the interests of impartiality, Inspectors who conduct advisory visits on a plan would not be subsequently appointed to examine it. LPAs who wish to request an advisory visit can do so by contacting the local plans team at xxx@xxx.xx (mailto:xxx@xxx.xx).

The role of the Secretary of State in local plans

The Secretary of State has a number of legal powers relating to plan making and the examination. The Secretary of State wrote to the Chief Executive of the Planning Inspectorate (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/local-plan-examinations-letter-to-the-chief-executive-of-the-planning-inspectorate) in connection with these powers on 18 June 2019. This letter’s expectations relating to pragmatism have been updated by the Minister of State’s Letter to the Planning Inspectorate of 30 July 2024.

In accordance with this letter the Planning Inspectorate will share all post-hearing advice letters, letters containing interim findings and any other letters and any letters which raise soundness or significant legal compliance issues, as well as fact-check reports, with the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government on a for-information basis, at least 48 hours before they are sent to the LPA.

The fact check report is the version of the Inspector’s final report which is sent to the LPA to check for factual errors or inconsistencies. The final report is issued after the fact-check process has been completed.

Programme Officers

When a plan is submitted the LPA is responsible for appointing the Programme Officer and for the processing of any personal data during the examination. The role of the Programme Officer is to provide administrative support to the examination. The Programme Officer provides a channel for all communications between the Inspector and the LPA and other participants.

The Planning Inspectorate provides Programme Officer Training Notes (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/guidance-for-programme-officers-local-plan-examinations) and runs a training course for new and experienced Programme Officers from time to time depending on demand. The next Programme Officer training course has not yet been confirmed but is expected to be held in London in March/April 2026. We will update this page in due course with the details. Spaces on the course will be limited so please refer to this page for future updates. If you are interested in attending the course or you need further advice on how to find a Programme Officer please email xxx@xxx.xx (mailto:xxx@xxx.xx).

Monitoring local plan progress

The Planning Inspectorate maintains a list of the overall position for each LPA. This is updated as examinations are completed. The date of publication and adoption is based on information provided by the LPA. The date of publication is when the LPA carries out its final public consultation on the plan before it is submitted for examination, under Regulation 19 of the Town and Country Planning (Local Planning) (England) Regulations 2012. These lists can be found on our monitoring local plans page (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/local-plan-monitoring-progress).

A list of Local Plan Examination hearing dates the Planning Inspectorate is holding over the next few months can be found on our monitoring local plans page (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/local-plan-monitoring-progress) NOTE: this update is only for ‘first hearing sessions’ not subsequent ones.

If you have a question about the timing of the publication, submission or adoption of a local plan, please contact the relevant LPA directly.

Keeping the Planning Inspectorate informed

LPAs should keep the Planning Inspectorate informed about when their plans are to be published, submitted and adopted. If the Planning Inspectorate is not kept informed of the likely date for submission this could cause a delay in appointing Inspectors and to the early stages of the examination.

LPAs should send their updates to xxx@xxx.xx (mailto:xxx@xxx.xx)

Community Infrastructure Levy

Information about Community Infrastructure Levy examinations (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/community-infrastructure-levy-plan-examinations).

Examining Spatial Development Strategies

Information about Spatial Development Strategies (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/examining-spatial-development-strategies).

Complaints

If you have a complaint about our work in examining local plans, community infrastructure plans or spatial development strategies please see our complaints procedure (https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/planning-inspectorate/about/complaints-procedure).