Export or move plants and plant products from Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Source: gov.uk (2025-11-18)

Check if you need a licence or phytosanitary certificate to export or move plants and plant products.

Export plants and plant products

When you export regulated plants and plant products from Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) and Northern Ireland to other countries, you need to:
- check if your plants need a phytosanitary certificate by contacting the plant health authority in the destination country (https://www.ippc.int/en/countries/all/list-countries/) (and if you cannot find details on the IPPC website or are unsure of the requirements, contact your UK plant health authority or inspector if you know them)
- check if your plants need laboratory testing of samples to make sure they’re free from pests and diseases or for growing season inspections – contact your local plant health inspector
- apply for a phytosanitary certificate or electronic equivalent (ePhyto) from the relevant UK plant health authority before export
- register as a professional operator, if you have not already done so
If you export as a private citizen (you are not registered as a company or sole trader), please contact APHA for information on the process of how you can apply. Email xxx@xxx.xx (mailto:xxx@xxx.xx).

UK plant health authorities

You can contact the UK’s plant health authorities to check if plants and plant products you intend to export need to be accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate.

England and Wales

The relevant plant authority in England and Wales is the Animal Plant Health Agency (APHA).

Contact your local APHA plant health and seeds inspector (PHSI) (https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/animal-and-plant-health-agency/about/access-and-opening#exports-plants-and-seeds) or contact the Centre for International Trade (CIT):

CIT Plants HeadquartersFoss HouseKings Pool1 to 2 Peasholme GreenYorkYO1 7PX

Telephone: xx-xxxx-xxxx – select option 2 when calling

Email: xxx@xxx.xx (mailto:xxx@xxx.xx)

Scotland

The relevant plant authority in Scotland is SASA (plant health) (https://www.sasa.gov.uk/plant-health), a division of the Scottish Government Agriculture and Rural Economy Directorate. Contact SASA:

Telephone: xx-xxxx-xxxx

Email: xxx@xxx.xx (mailto:xxx@xxx.xx)

Northern Ireland

The plant authority in Northern Ireland is the plant and tree health department (http://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/topics/plant-and-tree-health) in the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA).

Contact the DAERA Plant Health Inspection Branch:

Telephone: xx-xxxx-xxxx

Email: xxx@xxx.xx (mailto:xxx@xxx.xx)

Channel Islands and Isle of Man

The Channel Islands and Isle of Man have their own plant health authorities. Find more plant health information from plant health authorities in:

Jersey (https://www.gov.je/Environment/ProtectingEnvironment/ProblemSpecies/Pages/PlantHealthControl.aspx)

Guernsey (https://www.gov.gg/planthealth)

Isle of Man (https://www.gov.im/about-the-government/departments/environment-food-and-agriculture/agriculture-and-food-directorate/plant-health/)

Apply for a phytosanitary certificate

You need a phytosanitary certificate to export or move some plants and plant products. Most phytosanitary certificates are in a paper format. Electronic (ePhyto) certificates are available for goods moving from Great Britain to Northern Ireland.

You may need a phytosanitary certificate if you’re exporting:
- plants, including fruit, vegetables and cut flowers
- plant products
- seeds
- grain
- bulbs
- potatoes
- used farm and forestry machinery or vehicles which have been operated for agricultural or forestry purposes
- wood and wood products
All these goods must be inspected before you can get a phytosanitary certificate.

Read Forestry Commission guidance if you want to export wood, wood products and bark (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/export-wood-wood-products-and-bark-from-great-britain).

Use the Apply for plant export certificates and inspections service (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-for-plant-export-certificates-and-inspections) to apply for phytosanitary and ePhyto certificates.

You can use the service for:
- plants, including fruit, vegetables and cut flowers
- plant products
- grain
- seeds
- bulbs
- potatoes
- used farm or forestry machinery or vehicles that have been operated for agricultural or forestry purposes
If you’re exporting certain fruits and vegetables, you may need a certificate of conformity (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/fresh-fruit-and-vegetable-marketing-standards) as well as a phytosanitary certificate.

You apply a different way to export plants from Scotland and Northern Ireland. Contact the plant health authorities in Scotland and Northern Ireland for more information.

If you use an ePhyto certificate for goods moving from Great Britain to Northern Ireland

You will receive an email when your ePhyto certificate is issued. This is to confirm that APHA has sent your certificate to the relevant people and organisations.

You will be able to see a copy of the certifcate that was sent. You do not need to print or email this copy. The original digital certificate will automatically be made available to DAERA.

Read more about ePhyto certificates on the Plant Health Portal (https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/trade/imports/imports-from-the-eu/import-it-systems/ipaffs/ephyto/).

Apply for a re-forwarding phytosanitary certificate to re-export goods

Re-export (also known as re-forwarding) is when goods are imported into a country and then exported to another country.

If you’ve imported goods to Great Britain and then want to move them to a different country, it may be possible to apply for a re-forwarding certificate.

Plant health inspectors will only be able to issue a re-forwarding certificate if they can be confident that the goods meet the destination country’s import requirements.

If you apply for a re-forwarding certificate, the inspector will decide whether a further inspection is needed. You may need a further inspection if the:
- destination country’s rules say you must
- goods have been exposed to a risk of infestation or contamination after being imported
It may be that the destination country has certain import requirements that include testing or growing season inspections. You should check this before you import the goods into Great Britain, as the phytosanitary certificate you use to import the goods will need to include this information if you wish to forward them on. This original phytosanitary certificate, or certified copies, will need to accompany the goods when they are re-exported.

You can apply for a re-forwarding certificate using the plant health export service, Apply for plant export certificates and inspections service (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-for-plant-export-certificates-and-inspections).

Register and apply with online export services

If you’re exporting from England or Wales, you must register as a professional operator and apply for a phytosanitary certificate with:
- apply for plant export certificates and inspections service (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-for-plant-export-certificates-and-inspections) for plant products, plant produce, grain, seeds, bulbs, potatoes and used agricultural or forestry machinery with APHA
- the timber and wood export certificates service (https://apply-for-timber-and-wood-export-certificates.service.gov.uk/) for wood and wood products with the Forestry Commission
If you’re based in England or Wales, contact your local APHA inspector if you want to do a paper-based application form.

If you do not know your local APHA inspector, contact APHA plant health by:
- telephone on xx-xxxx-xxxx
- email at xxx@xxx.xx (mailto:xxx@xxx.xx)
They will arrange for the inspector to contact you.

There is an extra charge of £14.86 for paper-based applications.

You apply a different way to export plants from Scotland (https://www.sasa.gov.uk/plant-health) and Northern Ireland (https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/topics/plant-and-tree-health).

Exporting wood, wood products or isolated bark

If you export certain types of regulated wood, wood products and bark from Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales), you’ll need to register as a professional operator and then apply for phytosanitary certificates (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/export-wood-wood-products-and-bark-from-great-britain).

Exporters in Scotland (https://www.sasa.gov.uk/plant-health) and Northern Ireland (https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/topics/plant-and-tree-health) should check national guidance.

Other export requirements for plants and wood

Your goods may also be subject to other requirements or controls. Further information:

marketing standards (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/comply-with-marketing-standards-for-fresh-fruit-and-vegetables) for fruit and vegetables

plant propagation and seed marketing licensing (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-marketing-of-agricultural-and-vegetable-seed-varieties)

convention on international trade of endangered species (CITES) (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/cites-imports-and-exports) for CITES-listed species – use the Species+ tool to search for your plant referring to the Annex listings which reflect current UK listings

wood packaging material (WPM) – ISPM 15 requirements (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/import-or-export-wood-packaging-material)

Fees

The following fees apply to exports from England and Wales to the EU and non-EU countries. For fees in Scotland please contact the Scottish government (https://www.sasa.gov.uk/plant-health).

Inspection costs

For each inspection you’ll be charged a minimum of 30 minutes, which costs £127.60.

After that you’ll pay £63.80 for every 15 minutes of an inspector’s time spent on:

carrying out the inspection on site

associated on site activities

You’ll have to pay in full for every 15 minutes, even if it takes less time. For example, if it takes the inspector 42 minutes to do everything you will pay for 45 minutes.

The time it takes for the inspector to travel to and from the site to conduct the inspection is already included in the fees.

Certificate and laboratory costs

A phytosanitary certificate costs £25.52.

If you ask for an amendment to your phytosanitary certificate, you’ll pay £15.76.

You’ll pay £33.56 for each sample examined by a laboratory.

Application costs

If you submit an export certification application in paper form, rather than using the online plant health exports service (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-for-plant-export-certificates-and-inspections), you’ll pay an extra fee of £15.76.

Reduced fees

You can apply for plant health export services at concessionary rates (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/apply-for-plant-health-export-services-at-concessionary-rates). Apply online or fill in the PHE3 form and send it to APHA before you apply for a phytosanitary certificate. The concessionary rate is for the first £1,500 (full price value) of APHA services in a financial year if any of the following apply:
- you’re exporting VAT-exempt goods
- you’re not registered for VAT and do not need to be registered in that financial year
- your certified exports were worth less than £5,000 in the last financial year
Exporting from Great Britain to the EU, Switzerland or Liechtenstein

All regulated plants and plant products exported from England, Scotland or Wales are subject to import controls.

This could include documentary, identity and physical checks at the EU border.

Regulated plants and plant products include:
- all plants for planting
- root and tubercle vegetables
- some common fruits other than fruit preserved by deep freezing
- cut flowers
- seeds, and other plant or forest reproductive material
- leafy vegetables other than vegetables preserved by deep freezing
- some wood and wood products
- used farm or forestry machinery or vehicles which have been operated for agricultural or forestry purposes
Find out about exporting wood, wood products, bark and wood packaging material (https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/importing-and-exporting-wood-and-timber-products).

Read how to apply for plant breeders’ rights and market plant reproductive material, seeds and other propagating material (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/plant-breeders-rights).

Moving plants including used agricultural and forestry machinery, from Great Britain to Northern Ireland

To move plants and seeds for planting, or used agricultural and forestry machinery and vehicles from Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) to Northern Ireland you must either:

apply a Northern Ireland plant health label (NIPHL) (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/moving-plants-from-great-britain-to-northern-ireland) to the consignment where goods are destined to remain in Northern Ireland

apply for a phytosanitary certificate from the relevant UK plant health authority if the goods are not destined to remain in Northern Ireland (you can find out how in the UK plant health authorities section at the top of this page)

Seed potatoes can only be moved to Northern Ireland from Great Britain using a NIPHL. You can read the guidance on moving seed potatoes on GOV.UK (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/move-seed-potatoes-from-great-britain-to-northern-ireland-using-ni-plant-health-labels).

In both cases you must register as a professional operator, if you have not already done so and the business (or their agent) receiving the goods in Northern Ireland must notify DAERA with details of the consignment by submitting a Common Health Entry Document (CHED-PP) on the Trade Control and Expert System (TRACES NT).

Sending small quantities from Great Britain to individuals in Northern Ireland

You can send small amounts of plant products in parcels to the final consumer in Northern Ireland. You will still need a phytosanitary certificate.

You must clearly label parcels as containing sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) goods. For example, with a green label that includes the wording ‘SPS’.

Border control posts (BCPs) in the EU

Your goods will need to be exported to an EU BCP, approved to handle plants and plant products in the EU (https://ec.europa.eu/food/safety/official_controls/legislation/imports/plants_en).

Exempt plants and plant products

Exempt plants and plant products do not need plant health controls and so will not be subject to import controls at EU countries or Northern Ireland. You do not need a phytosanitary certificate to export these exempt goods.

These fruits of plants and plant products are exempt:
- pineapple
- coconut
- durian
- bananas
- dates
These plants and plant products are exempt:
- grain
- plant products (such as fruit and vegetables) that have been processed and packaged to the point that they no longer pose a biosecurity risk
- composite products like nut and seed butters containing processed fruit or vegetables
Movement of high-risk and prohibited plants

You cannot export some high-risk and prohibited goods from Great Britain to the EU and Northern Ireland.

These fall into 2 categories:

high-risk plants and plant products (#high-risk-plants)

prohibited plants and plant products (#prohibited-plants-and-plant-products)

High-risk plants

High-risk plants and plant products cannot enter the EU and Northern Ireland, until a full risk assessment is conducted by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

The following genera of plants for planting from Great Britain are prohibited:
- Acacia
- Albizia
- Annona
- Bauhinia
- Berberis
- Caesalpinia
- Cassia
- Castanea
- Diospyros
- Ficus carica
- Fraxinus
- Hamamelis
- Jasminum
- Juglans
- Lonicera
- Nerium
- Persea
- Robinia
- Ulmus
The prohibition does not apply to seeds, fruits, leaves, tissue culture material and naturally or artificially dwarfed woody plants of these genera.

You must consult your local plant health and seeds inspector if you wish to move any of the following plants for planting from Great Britain, as some of the species within these genera have now been approved to move:
- Acer
- Alnus
- Betula
- Cornus
- Corylus
- Crataegus
- Fagus
- Ligustrum
- Malus
- Populus
- Prunus
- Quercus
- Salix
- Sorbus
- Taxus
- Tilia
High-risk plant products

These plant products are prohibited:
- plants of Ullucus tuberosus
- fruits of Momordica from countries where Thrips palmi is present and effective mitigation measures are not in place
How to apply for an exemption from the high-risk prohibition

An application will need to be submitted by Defra to the European Commission for every high-risk plant. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) will then assess the information provided by Defra and complete a full risk assessment on the plant or plant product.

If the risk assessment allows the trade, the plant or plant product will be removed from the high risk list. But it may still need specific import requirements, including phytosanitary certification.

EFSA has set out the information and format required to submit an application (https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/supporting/pub/en-1492).

Prohibited plants and plant products

These plants and plant products are prohibited for movement from Great Britain to the EU and Northern Ireland. This includes:
- isolated bark of Castanea
- plants of Vitis, other than fruits
- plants of Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus, and their hybrids, other than fruits and seeds
- tubers of Solanum tuberosum, seed potatoes (these can now move to Northern Ireland under the NI plant health label scheme)
- plants for planting of stolon – or tuber-forming species of Solanum, and their hybrids
- soil as such consisting in part of solid organic substances
- growing medium as such, other than soil, consisting in whole or in part of solid organic substances, other than that composed entirely of peat or fibre of Cocos nucifera, previously not used for growing of plants or for any agricultural purposes
Note: plants for planting moving to Northern Ireland under the NIPHL scheme can have soil or growing media attached, provided this is in compliance with NI’s requirements. If you are unsure of requirements, speak to your local inspector.

You can find out how to contact your UK plant health authority on the top of this page under the ‘UK plant health authorities’ section.

EU Protected Zones of fireblight

Plants and live pollen for pollination of the following species (excluding their fruit and seeds) are also prohibited when exporting to EU Protected Zones of fireblight (https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/eu-exit-guidance/exports/eu-protected-zones-of-fireblight/#eu-protected-zones-of-fireblight) (Erwinia amylovora):
- Amelanchier
- Chaenomeles
- Cotoneaster
- Crataegus
- Cydonia
- Eriobotrya
- Malus
- Mespilus
- Photinia davidiana
- Pyracantha
- Pyrus
- Sorbus
How to export prohibited plants and soil

You can only send prohibited plants or soil to someone who has a scientific licence (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/moving-prohibited-plants-plant-pests-pathogens-and-soil) to receive them in the EU. They will have a ‘letter of authority’ with their licence.

Follow these steps to export prohibited material to EU countries:

Ask the recipient for a copy of their letter of authority.

Send to APHA to be endorsed.

Attach the letter of authority to the outside of all packages before you send them. You should also include copies of the letter of authority inside the packaging.

Store prohibited the plants or soil in 3 layers of packaging – at least 1 of the layers must be escape and shatter-proof.

If the recipient tells you that you do not need a letter of authority, ask them to show you official confirmation of this from their plant health authority. Send this confirmation to:
- APHA for England and Wales
- SASA for Scotland
- DAERA for Northern Ireland
Do not send your material until you have got confirmation from the recipient’s plant health authority and the relevant competent authority.

Plant health exports audited trader scheme (PHEATS)

If you move ware potatoes, fruit, vegetables or cut flowers from Great Britain to the EU or Northern Ireland, you may be eligible for the plant health exports audited trader scheme (PHEATS) (https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/resources/pheats-hompage/).

This means you’ll be able to do your own inspections and apply for phytosanitary certificates to be issued.

Find out how to apply and register for the scheme on the plant health portal (https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/resources/pheats-hompage/).

Under the PHEATS scheme, you’ll have to pay for:
- an initial site visit to include training, assessment and authorisation – £313.24 per authorisation
- an auditing and monitoring fee – £178.92 per audit
- the issue of a certificate – £25.52 per phytosanitary certificate
Movements from Northern Ireland to Great Britain

Qualifying Northern Ireland goods (QNIGs) can continue to move from Northern Ireland to Great Britain in the same way as they did before 1 January 2021.

QNIGs are goods:

in free circulation in Northern Ireland – on the basis that they are not under customs supervision (except when that supervision arises from from the goods being taken out of Northern Ireland or the EU)

which have undergone processing operations in Northern Ireland under the inward processing procedure, and only incorporate inputs which were in free circulation in the UK

This means that if you are an operator based in Great Britain and receive a consignment of plants or plant products from Northern Ireland which are QNIGs and subject to plant passport requirements, they will continue to arrive at your premises with an EU plant passport as they do now.

As these are QNIGs you do not need to routinely replace this EU plant passport with a UK plant passport, and the goods may be moved on under their EU plant passport unless:

you split the consignment and the new ‘units’ (these may be trolleys, pallets, boxes, bags or similar) no longer have a plant passport attached to them

you choose to replace the plant passport (for example, to include your supplier’s details for business purposes)

If either apply, a UK plant passport could be issued without a full examination of the plants taking place before onward movement. This is in line with current guidance on when to replace a plant passport. You must keep records of any changes made.

If you replace a plant passport on a QNIG you must put the code ‘GB(NI)’ in Part E of that replacement UK plant passport, to help maintain their identity as QNIGs.

This is to aid monitoring of compliance with plant passporting requirements, including the specific provisions for QNIGs.

This will help ensure that it is easily visible whether a good has originated outside of Great Britain’s phytosanitary zone, yet may not have undergone full third country checks, which will be important for tracing purposes in the event of a pest or disease is found.

If the phytosanitary status of your consignment changes, for example because traceability has not been maintained, there is a pest or disease issue with the consignment or the plants have been ‘grown on’, then a full examination will need to be carried out on the plants.

Once confirmed they are fully aligned with Great Britain plant health standards, a standard UK plant passport with Part E left blank could be issued.

Read guidance on when plants have been ‘grown-on’ (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/issuing-plant-passports-to-trade-plants-in-the-eu).

Returned wood, plants and plant products

Plants and plant product consignments rejected at EU BCPs can re-enter Great Britain through any point of entry.

You must submit an import pre-notification using the import of products, animals, food and feed system (IPAFFS) (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/import-of-products-animals-food-and-feed-system) to notify APHA for rejected plants and plant products returning to England or Wales.

‘Pre-notification’ means giving advance notice to the responsible authority for goods that arrive in Great Britain.

You must give notice:

at least 4 working hours before the goods land in Great Britain, for air and ‘roll-on-roll-off’ freight

at least 1 working day before the goods arrive in Great Britain for all other freight

For rejected plants and plant products returning to Scotland go to the SASA (https://www.sasa.gov.uk/plant-health).

For wood and wood products returning to Great Britain (Scotland, England and Wales) you’ll need to notify the Forestry Commission (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/notice-of-landing-form).

You must include a copy of the original phytosanitary certificate with pre-notification.

If your consignment was exported without a phytosanitary certificate, before returning your goods please contact:

APHA for plants and plant products in England and Wales on xx-xxxx-xxxx

SASA for plants and plant products in Scotland on xx-xxxx-xxxx

Forestry Commission for wood and wood products in Great Britain on xx-xxxx-xxxx

APHA, SASA and the Forestry Commission will assess this information to decide the conditions of import and if the consignment needs further checks on entry to Great Britain.

If further checks are needed someone from FC, APHA or SASA in Scotland will contact you.

Exporting from the UK to non-EU countries

If you export regulated plants and plant products from the UK (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) to non-EU countries, you must follow the import regulations in the country you’re exporting to.

Get help researching your export market (https://www.gov.uk/research-export-markets).

Contact APHA (https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/animal-and-plant-health-agency/about/access-and-opening) for advice on what the import regulations and rules are in the country you’re exporting to.

Check the destination country profile page of the International Plant Protection Convention’s website (https://www.ippc.int/en/countries/all/list-countries/) to find out if you need a phytosanitary certificate.

Make sure you ask to receive an official document to explain the rules in that country and how to comply. This will help UK inspectors to prepare your export correctly.

You may need a phytosanitary certificate if you’re exporting:

plants, including fruit, vegetables and cut flowers

plant products

seeds

grain

bulbs

potatoes

used farm and forestry machinery or vehicles which have been operated for agricultural or forestry purposes

wood and wood products

Applying for a phytosanitary certificate

You can use the Apply for plant export certificates and inspections service (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/apply-for-plant-export-certificates-and-inspections) for:

plants, including fruit, vegetables and cut flowers

plant products

grain

seeds

bulbs

potatoes

used farm and forestry machinery or vehicles which have been operated for agricultural or forestry purposes

If you’re exporting certain fruits and vegetables, you may need a certificate of conformity (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/fresh-fruit-and-vegetable-marketing-standards) as well as a phytosanitary certificate.

You apply a different way to export plants from Scotland and Northern Ireland.

If you’re a member of the Plant Health Propagation Scheme (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/plant-health-propagation-scheme) or the Seed Potato Classification Scheme (https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-seed-potato-classification-scheme), you may not need an inspection. Contact APHA (https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/animal-and-plant-health-agency/about/access-and-opening) to find out.

Exporting grain from the UK to non-EU countries

You may need a phytosanitary certificate to export grain if there has been no recent trade in grain to the country you are exporting to. Check the grain standard operating protocol (GSOP) (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/grain-for-export-application-for-certification) before sending consignments.

Before you can apply for a phytosanitary certificate to export grain, you need to:

- apply for certification if you’re a qualified authorised trade inspector (ATI) (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/grain-for-export-application-for-certification) - email xxx@xxx.xx (mailto:xxx@xxx.xx) to get a licence if you’re not an ATI

Wood packaging material

If you use wood packaging material to export goods to other countries, check your solid wood packaging meets requirements (https://www.gov.uk/wood-packaging-import-export).

Contact

For more information on plant exports, email xxx@xxx.xx (mailto:xxx@xxx.xx) or telephone xx-xxxx-xxxx.

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