COBRA Publications
Source: environment.data.gov.uk (2018-06-19)

COBRA (impact of COmbined iodine and Bromine Release on the Arctic atmosphere): Air-Surface Interactions Properties measurements from Airborne, Ground-based and Laboratory instrumentation. COBRA (impact of COmbined iodine and Bromine Release on the Arctic atmosphere) is a UK IPY (International Polar Year) consortium that aims to investigate the release mechanisms of iodine in the Arctic and the potential combined effects of iodine and bromine on its atmosphere. The team measured reactive inorganic halogens (BrO, IO, OIO, I2), O3, Hg, HOx, HCHO, NOx, VOCs and reactive halocarbons from temporary laboratories located on the eastern shore of Hudson Bay, north of Kuujjuarapik, during February-March 2008. Met balloons and O3 sondes were launched daily. COBRA set up an ice camp and flux chamber experiments ~500 m into the bay to directly measure halogen emissions and ozone deposition, and measured physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the sea-ice (and potentially of frost flowers) at different depths. The project is linked with OOTI, which carried out a simultaneous field experiment at Kuujjuarapik.

Publications resulting from COBRA 
R.W. Obbard, H. K. Roscoe, E.W. Wolff and H.M. Atkinson, 2009: Frost flower surface area and chemistry 
as a function of salinity and temperature, J. Geophys. Res., 114, D20, doi: 10.1029/2009JD012481 
Mahajan, A. S., M. Shaw, H. Oetjen, K. E. Hornsby, L. J. Carpenter, L. Kaleschke, X. Tian-Kunze, J. D. Lee, 
S. J. Moller, P. Edwards, R. Commane, T. Ingham, D. E. Heard, and J. M. C. Plane, 2010: Evidence of 
reactive iodine chemistry in the Arctic boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 115 , D20303, doi: 
10.1029/2009JD013665 
Moller, S.J., J.D. Lee, R. Commane, P. Edwards, D.E. Heard, J. Hopkins, T. Ingham, A.S. Mahajan, H. 
Oetjen, J. Plane, H. Roscoe, A.C. Lewis, and L.J. Carpenter, 2010, Measurements of nitrogen oxides from 
Hudson Bay: Implications for NOx release from snow and ice covered surfaces, Atmos. Environ., 44, 
2971-2979, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.015 
Muller J. B. et al., 2011, Energy and ozone fluxes over sea ice in Hudson Bay, Canada, submitted to 
Atmos. Environ. 
Shaw, M. D.  L. J. Carpenter, M. T. Baeza-Romero, and A. Jackson, 2011, Thermal evolution of diffusive 
transport of halocarbons through artificial sea ice, submitted to Atmos. Environ. 
Whitehead, J.H., et al., Particle re-suspension fluxes over Arctic sea-ice (2011, in preparation) 
Whitehead, J.H., et al., Snow and Ice Particle Resuspension Fluxes and Aerosol Size Distributions over 
sea-ice in Hudson Bay, Canada (2011, in preparation) 
P. Edwards, M. J. Evans, R. Commane, T. Ingham, D. Stone, A. Mahajan, H. Oetjen, J. Dorsey, J. Hopkins,  
J. Lee, S. Moller, R. Leigh, D. E. Heard, 2011, Hydrogen oxide photochemistry in the Northern Canadian 
spring time boundary layer, in preparation for J. Geophys. Res. 
Saiz-Lopez, A., J. M. C. Plane, A. Baker, L. J. Carpenter, R. von Glasow, J. C. Gomez-Martin, G. McFiggans  
and R.W. Saunders, 2011, Atmospheric Chemistry of Iodine, submitted to Chem. Rev. 
 
A list of additional references is available for background reading.