Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects: National Policy Statements
Source: gov.uk (2025-07-14)

National Policy Statements are produced by government. They give reasons for the policy set out in the statement, and must include an explanation of how the policy takes account of government policy relating to the mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change.

What are National Policy Statements?

National Policy Statements are produced by government. They give reasons for the policy set out in the statement and must include an explanation of how the policy takes account of government policy relating to the mitigation of, and adaptation to, climate change. They comprise the government’s objectives for the development of nationally significant infrastructure in a particular sector and state, including:
- how this will contribute to sustainable development
- how these objectives have been integrated with other government policies
- how actual and projected capacity and demand have been taken into account
- consideration of relevant issues in relation to safety or technology
- circumstances where it would be particularly important to address the adverse impacts of development
- specific locations, where appropriate, in order to provide a clear framework for investment and planning decisions
They also include any other policies or circumstances that ministers consider should be taken into account in decisions on infrastructure development.

National Policy Statements undergo a democratic process of public consultation and parliamentary scrutiny before being designated (published). They provide the framework within which Examining Authorities make their recommendations to the Secretary of State.

For information about emerging draft National Policy Statements or reviews of designated National Policy Statements please refer to the website for the relevant Government Department.

Which sectors do National Policy Statements cover?

The designated National Policy Statements (NPS), setting out government policy on different types of national infrastructure development are:

Energy NPSs
- Overarching NPS for energy (EN-1)
- NPS for natural gas electricity generating infrastructure (EN-2)
- NPS for renewable energy infrastructure (EN-3)
- NPS for natural gas supply infrastructure and gas and oil pipelines (EN-4)
- NPS for electricity networks infrastructure (EN-5)
- NPS for nuclear power generation (EN-6)
NPSs EN-1 to EN-5 (https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/national-policy-statements-for-energy-infrastructure) were designated on 17 January 2024

These were produced by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero

NPS EN-6 was designated on 19 July 2011 and had effect for listed nuclear projects capable of being deployed by the end of 2025.

This was produced by the former Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), now the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ) (https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-business-energy-and-industrial-strategy). A new NPS is being prepared by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero

Transitional provisions

The suite of energy NPSs was first designated in 2011. The Secretary of State has decided that for any application accepted for examination before the 2024 designations of EN-1 to EN-5 the 2011 suite of NPSs (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-policy-statements-for-energy-infrastructure) should have effect in accordance with the terms of those NPSs:
- Overarching NPS for Energy (EN-1)
- NPS for Fossil Fuel Electricity Generating Infrastructure (EN-2)
- NPS for Renewable Energy Infrastructure (EN-3)
- NPS for Gas Supply and Gas and Oil Pipelines (EN-4)
- NPS for Electricity Networks Infrastructure (EN-5)
Transport NPSs
- NPS for Ports
- National Networks NPS
- Airports NPS
These were produced by the Department for Transport (https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport).

The NPS for ports (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-policy-statement-for-ports) was designated on 26 January 2012.

The National Networks (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-networks-national-policy-statement) NPS (NNNPS) was designated on 24 May 2024. The NNNPS has effect for any applications for development consent accepted for examination after 24 May 2024. The 2015 NNNPS (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-policy-statement-for-national-networks) has effect for any application for development consent accepted for examination prior to 24 May 2024.

The Airport NPS (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/airports-national-policy-statement) was designated on 26 June 2018.

Water, waste water and waste NPSs
- NPS for Hazardous Waste
- NPS for Waste Water
- NPS for Water Resources Infrastructure
These are produced by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-environment-food-rural-affairs) (Defra).

The NPS for Hazardous Waste (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hazardous-waste-national-policy-statement) was published on 6 June 2013.

The NPS for Waste Water (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-policy-statement-for-waste-water) was published on 9 February 2012.

The Geological Disposal Infrastructure NPS (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/814491/national-policy-statement-geological-disposal-infrastructure.pdf) was designated on 17 October 2019.

The NPS for Water Resources Infrastructure (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/national-policy-statement-water-resources-infrastructure) was designated on 8 July 2025.

Does the Planning Inspectorate have a view on the NPSs?

The Planning Inspectorate is impartial and does not comment on government policy. However, Examining Authorities do make their recommendations within the framework provided by NPSs, as required by the Planning Act 2008.

What happens if the relevant NPS has not been designated?

Section 105 of the Planning Act 2008 sets out what the Secretary of State must have regard to in making his or her decision where a relevant NPS is not designated. This includes any matter that the Secretary of State thinks is important and relevant to the Secretary of State’s decision. This could include a draft NPS, if one exists.