direct ec european parliament council decemb approxim law member state relat measur emiss gaseou particul pollut compress ignit engin vehicl emiss gaseou pollut posit ignit engin fuell natur ga liquefi petroleum ga vehicl amend council direct eec european parliament council european union regard treati establish european commun articl thereof regard propos commiss regard opinion econom social committe act accord procedur laid articl treati measur adopt framework intern market programm action european commun protect environ approv council novemb call account latest scientif advanc combat atmospher pollut caus gase emit motor vehicl direct adopt previous amend programm action gener approach approv council resolut februari addit effort made consider reduct present level emiss pollut motor vehicl recognis develop transport commun entail signific constraint environ number offici estim increas traffic densiti prove lower actual figur reason stringent emiss standard laid motor vehicl direct eec laid limit valu emiss carbon monoxid unburnt hydrocarbon nitrogen oxid diesel engin motor vehicl basi test procedur european drive condit vehicl concern direct amend direct eec stage stage coincid implement date european emiss standard passeng car stage establish longer term orient european motor industri fix limit valu base expect perform technolog develop whilst grant industri lead time perfect technolog direct ec requir small diesel engin cylind swept volum lower dm rate power speed higher min limit particul emiss set direct eec introduc reason technic basi maintain differenti particul emiss small high speed diesel engin cylind swept volum lower dm rate power speed higher min end differenti articl direct eec commiss report council end progress made revis limit valu pollut emiss combin revis test procedur revis limit appli octob type approv commiss implement european programm air qualiti road traffic emiss fuel engin technolog auto oil programm view fulfil requir articl direct ec cost effect studi auto oil programm shown improv diesel engin technolog heavi duti vehicl view achiev air qualiti year commun commiss auto oil programm improv requir diesel engin direct eec constitut part global commun strategi includ revis standard light commerci vehicl passeng car year improv motor fuel accur assess servic vehicl emiss perform direct eec separ direct type approv procedur laid council direct eec februari approxim law member state relat type approv motor vehicl trailer object reduc level pollut emiss motor vehicl suffici achiev individu member state achiev approxim law member state relat measur air pollut motor vehicl reduct emiss limit applic year abat emiss carbon monoxid total hydrocarbon nox particul matter identifi auto oil programm kei measur achiev satisfactori medium term air qualiti reduct exhaust smoke opac measur current engin type complement council direct eec contribut reduct particul matter addit reduct emiss limit applic carbon monoxid total hydrocarbon nox particul greatli contribut medium term air qualiti benefit reduct account effect emiss test cycl repres drive pattern experienc servic vehicl addit nox limit applic result reduct emiss limit pollut end commiss technolog view confirm mandatori nox standard report european parliament council accompani propos permiss emiss limit valu introduc applic vehicl defin quot enhanc environment friendli vehicl quot eev board diagnost obd fulli develop heavi duti vehicl introduc view permit rapid detect failur emiss critic compon system vehicl allow signific upgrad mainten initi emiss perform servic vehicl improv inspect mainten specif requir durabl heavi duti engin conform test servic heavi duti vehicl introduc type approv test cycl gaseou particul emiss smoke opac introduc repres evalu emiss perform diesel engin test condit close resembl encount vehicl servic combin cycl test procedur introduc convent diesel engin diesel engin fit oxyd catalyst combin cycl test procedur introduc ga fuell engin addition diesel engin fit advanc emiss control system diesel engin test applic test cycl commiss monitor progress negoti worldwid harmonis test procedur member state allow mean tax incent expedit place market vehicl satisfi requir adopt commun level incent compli provis treati satisfi condit intend avoid distort intern market direct affect member state includ emiss pollut substanc basi calcul road traffic tax motor vehicl develop commun legisl emiss motor vehicl result ongo research characterist particul account commiss report decemb evolut emiss control equip heavi duti diesel vehicl relationship fuel qualiti improv accuraci reproduc particul measur sampl procedur develop worldwid harmonis test cycl direct eec amend adopt direct articl direct eec amend titl replac quot council direct eec decemb approxim law member state relat measur emiss gaseou particul pollut compress ignit engin vehicl emiss gaseou pollut posit ignit engin fuell natur ga liquefi petroleum ga vehicl quot articl replac quot articl purpos direct vehicl mean vehicl defin annex ii section direct eec propel compress ignit ga engin except vehicl categori technic permiss maximum laden mass equal compress ignit ga engin mean motiv propuls sourc vehicl type approv separ technic unit defin articl direct eec grant eev mean enhanc environment friendli vehicl vehicl propel engin compli permiss emiss limit valu row tabl section annex quot annex viii replac annex vii appear annex direct articl effect juli member state ground relat gaseou particul pollut opac smoke emiss engin refus grant ec type approv issu document provid indent articl direct eec grant nation type approv type vehicl propel compress ignit ga engin prohibit registr sale entri servic vehicl refus grant ec type approv type compress ignit ga engin prohibit sale compress ignit ga engin requir annex direct eec amend direct satisfi emiss gaseou particul pollut opac smoke engin compli limit valu set row row limit valu set row tabl section annex direct eec amend direct effect octob member state longer grant ec type approv issu document provid indent articl direct eec refus nation type approv type compress ignit ga engin type vehicl propel compress ignit ga engin emiss gaseou particul pollut opac smoke engin compli limit valu set row tabl section annex direct eec amend direct effect octob vehicl engin intend export countri replac engin servic vehicl member state certif conform accompani vehicl engin pursuant direct eec longer valid purpos articl direct prohibit registr sale entri servic vehicl propel compress ignit ga engin sale compress ignit ga engin emiss gaseou particul pollut opac smoke engin compli limit valu set row tabl section annex direct eec amend direct effect octob member state longer grant ec type approv issu document provid indent articl direct eec refus nation type approv type compress ignit ga engin type vehicl propel compress ignit ga engin emiss gaseou particul pollut opac smoke engin compli limit valu set row tabl section annex direct eec amend direct effect octob vehicl engin intend export countri replac engin servic vehicl member state certif conform accompani vehicl engin pursuant direct eec longer valid purpos articl direct prohibit registr sale entri servic vehicl propel compress ignit ga engin sale compress ignit ga engin emiss gaseou particul pollut opac smoke engin compli limit valu set row tabl section annex direct eec amend direct effect octob member state longer grant ec type approv issu document provid indent articl direct eec refus nation type approv type compress ignit ga engin type vehicl propel compress ignit ga engin emiss gaseou particul pollut opac smoke engin compli limit valu set row tabl section annex direct eec amend direct effect octob vehicl engin intend export countri replac engin servic vehicl member state certif conform accompani vehicl engin pursuant direct eec longer valid purpos articl direct prohibit registr sale entri servic vehicl propel compress ignit ga engin sale compress ignit ga engin emiss gaseou particul pollut opac smoke engin compli limit valu set row tabl section annex direct eec amend direct accord paragraph engin satisfi requir annex direct eec amend direct meet limit valu set row tabl section annex direct eec amend direct consid compli requir paragraph articl member state make provis tax incent respect motor vehicl compli direct eec amend direct incent compli provis treati condit set appli vehicl offer sale market member state compli advanc limit valu set row tabl section annex direct eec amend direct octob limit valu set row tabl termin effect mandatori applic emiss limit valu refer articl vehicl date mandatori applic emiss limit valu set row tabl section annex direct eec amend direct appli vehicl offer sale market member state compli permiss limit valu set row tabl section annex direct eec amend direct type vehicl incent exce addit cost technic solut introduc ensur complianc limit valu set row row limit valu set row tabl section annex direct eec amend direct instal vehicl commiss inform suffici time plan institut chang tax incent refer articl submit observ articl octob type vehicl octob type vehicl equip board diagnost system obd board measur system obm monitor servic exhaust emiss commiss propos provis effect european parliament council includ unrestrict standardis access obd system inspect diagnosi servic repair standardis fault code compat spare part facilit repair replac servic obd equip vehicl articl octob type octob type type approv grant vehicl engin confirm correct oper emiss control devic normal life vehicl engin commiss examin differ normal life categori heavi duti vehicl propos durabl requir specif categori articl octob type octob type type approv grant vehicl requir confirm correct oper emiss control devic normal life vehicl normal condit conform servic vehicl properli maintain provis confirm complement commiss accord articl articl commiss submit propos european parliament council confirm complement direct month date entri forc direct decemb whichev earlier propos account review process european parliament council set articl direct ec european parliament council articl direct ec develop compress ignit engin ga engin emiss control technolog includ treatment technolog take account interdepend technolog fuel qualiti improv accuraci repeat current measur sampl procedur low level particul engin develop worldwid harmonis test cycl type approv test propos includ rule lai introduct obd system heavi duti vehicl octob pursuant articl direct mutati mutandi direct ec reduct exhaust emiss passeng car light commerci vehicl provis durabl emiss control devic effect octob pursuant articl direct provis ensur conform servic vehicl type approv procedur vehicl effect octob pursuant articl direct take account specif test carri engin vehicl specif inform obtain obd system cost effect approach limit pollut regul consequ widespread introduct altern fuel decemb commiss report progress negoti worldwid harmonis test cycl june commiss submit report european parliament council requir oper obm system basi report commiss submit propos measur enter forc januari includ technic specif annex order provid type approv obm system ensur equival level monitor obd system compat therewith commiss decemb technolog view confirm mandatori nox standard report european parliament council accompani propos articl member state bring forc law regul administr provis compli direct juli forthwith inform commiss thereof member state adopt measur refer direct accompani refer occas offici public method make refer laid member state member state commun commiss text main provis nation law adopt field cover direct articl direct enter forc dai public offici journal european commun articl direct address member state brussel decemb european parliament presid fontain council presid hassi oj oj oj opinion european parliament octob oj council common posit april oj decis european parliament novemb publish offici journal oj oj oj oj oj oj oj direct amend direct ec european parliament council oj oj direct amend direct ec oj oj oj annex tabl content gt tabl gt index figur gt tabl gt index tabl gt tabl gt annex scope definit abbrevi applic ec type approv specif test conform product scope direct appli gaseou particul pollut motor vehicl equip compress ignit engin gaseou pollut motor vehicl equip posit ignit engin fuell natur ga lpg compress ignit posit ignit engin articl except vehicl categori type approv grant council direct eec amend commiss direct ec definit abbrevi purpos direct quot test cycl quot mean sequenc test point defin speed torqu engin steadi state esc test transient oper condit elr test quot approv engin engin famili quot mean approv engin type engin famili regard level emiss gaseou particul pollut quot diesel engin quot mean engin work compress ignit principl quot ga engin quot mean engin fuell natur ga ng liquid petroleum ga lpg quot engin type quot mean categori engin differ essenti respect engin characterist defin annex ii direct quot engin famili quot mean manufactur group engin design defin annex ii appendix direct similar exhaust emiss characterist member famili compli applic emiss limit valu quot parent engin quot mean engin select engin famili emiss characterist repres engin famili quot gaseou pollut quot mean carbon monoxid hydrocarbon assum ratio ch diesel ch lpg ch ng nmhc methan assum ratio ch ng oxid nitrogen name express nitrogen dioxid equival quot particul pollut quot mean materi collect filter medium dilut exhaust clean filter air temperatur exce quot smoke quot mean particl suspend exhaust stream diesel engin absorb reflect refract light quot net power quot mean power ec kw obtain test bench end crankshaft equival measur accord ec method measur power set commiss direct eec amend direct ec quot declar maximum power pmax quot mean maximum power ec kw net power declar manufactur applic type approv quot cent load quot mean fraction maximum torqu engin speed quot esc test quot mean test cycl consist steadi state mode appli accord section annex quot elr test quot mean test cycl consist sequenc load step constant engin speed appli accord section annex quot test quot mean test cycl consist transient mode appli accord section annex quot engin oper speed rang quot mean engin speed rang frequent engin field oper li low high speed set annex iii direct quot low speed nloo quot mean lowest engin speed declar maximum power occur quot high speed nhi quot mean highest engin speed declar maximum power occur quot engin speed quot mean test speed engin oper speed rang esc test elr test set annex iii appendix direct quot control area quot mean area engin speed cent load quot refer speed nref quot mean cent speed denormalis rel speed valu test set annex iii appendix direct quot opacimet quot mean instrument design measur opac smoke particl mean light extinct principl quot ng ga rang quot mean rang defin european standard en date novemb quot adapt quot mean engin devic allow air fuel ratio constant quot recalibr quot mean fine tune ng engin order provid perform power fuel consumpt rang natur ga quot wobb index lower wl upper wu quot mean ratio calorif ga unit volum squar root rel densiti refer condit gt refer graphic gt quot shift factor sλ quot mean express describ requir flexibl engin manag system chang excess air ratio engin fuell ga composit pure methan annex vii calcul sλ quot eev quot mean enhanc environment friendli vehicl type vehicl propel engin compli permiss emiss limit valu row tabl section annex quot defeat devic quot mean element engin vehicl design measur sens vehicl speed engin speed gear temperatur intak pressur paramet view activ modul delai deactiv oper compon emiss control system effect emiss control system reduc condit encount normal vehicl devic regard defeat devic devic justifi temporarili protect engin intermitt oper condit lead damag failur measur applic purpos reduc effect emiss control system devic oper need engin start warm measur applic purpos reduc effect emiss control system figur specif definit test cycl gt pic file quot en tif quot gt symbol abbrevi symbol test paramet gt tabl gt symbol chemic compon gt tabl gt abbrevi gt tabl gt applic ec type approv applic ec type approv type engin engin famili separ technic unit applic approv engin type engin famili regard level emiss gaseou particul pollut diesel engin regard level emiss gaseou pollut ga engin submit engin manufactur duli accredit repres accompani underment document triplic particular descript engin type engin famili applic compris particular refer annex ii direct conform requir articl direct eec engin conform quot engin type quot quot parent engin quot characterist annex ii submit technic servic respons conduct approv test defin section applic ec type approv vehicl type respect engin applic approv vehicl regard emiss gaseou particul pollut diesel engin engin famili regard level emiss gaseou pollut ga engin engin famili submit vehicl manufactur duli accredit repres accompani underment document triplic particular descript vehicl type engin relat vehicl part engin type engin famili applic compris particular refer annex ii document requir applic articl direct eec applic ec type approv vehicl type approv engin applic approv vehicl regard emiss gaseou particul pollut approv diesel engin engin famili regard level emiss gaseou pollut approv ga engin engin famili submit vehicl manufactur duli accredit repres accompani underment document triplic particular descript vehicl type engin relat vehicl part compris particular refer annex ii applic copi ec type approv certif annex vi engin engin famili applic separ technic unit instal vehicl type document requir applic articl direct eec ec type approv grant univers fuel ec type approv univers fuel ec type approv grant subject requir case diesel fuel parent engin meet requir direct refer fuel annex iv case natur ga parent engin demonstr capabl adapt fuel composit occur market case natur ga gener type fuel high calorif fuel ga low calorif fuel ga signific spread rang differ significantli energi content express wobb index shift factor sλ formula calcul wobb index sλ section composit refer fuel reflect variat paramet parent engin meet requir direct refer fuel annex iv readjust fuell test adapt run cycl measur permit chang fuel test parent engin run procedur paragraph appendix annex iii case engin fuell natur ga adapt rang gase hand rang gase hand switch rang rang mean switch parent engin test relev refer fuel annex iv rang posit switch fuel fuel fuel rang gase fuel fuel rang gase parent engin meet requir direct posit switch readjust fuell test posit switch adapt run cycl measur permit chang fuel test parent engin run procedur paragraph appendix annex iii manufactur request engin test fuel fuel shift factor sλ li fuel fuel market fuel result test basi evalu conform product ratio emiss result quot quot determin pollut gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt case lpg parent engin demonstr capabl adapt fuel composit occur market case lpg variat composit variat reflect refer fuel parent engin meet emiss requir refer fuel annex iv readjust fuell test adapt run cycl measur permit chang fuel test parent engin run procedur defin paragraph appendix annex iii ratio emiss result quot quot determin pollut gt refer graphic gt grant fuel rang restrict ec type approv present state technolog make leanburn natur ga engin adapt engin offer advantag effici emiss user guarante suppli fuel uniform composit opt leanburn engin engin fuel restrict approv interest intern harmonis regard desir specimen engin grant intern approv fuel restrict variant ident content databas ecu fuell system part fuell system injector nozzl adapt fuel flow fuel rang restrict ec type approv grant subject requir exhaust emiss approv engin run natur ga laid oper rang gase rang gase parent engin test relev refer fuel annex iv relev rang fuel fuel fuel rang gase fuel fuel rang gase parent engin meet emiss requir readjust fuell test adapt run cycl measur permit chang fuel test parent engin run procedur defin paragraph appendix annex iii manufactur request test fuel fuel shift factor sλ li fuel fuel market fuel result test basi evalu conform product ratio emiss result quot quot determin pollut gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt deliveri custom engin bear label paragraph state rang gase engin approv exhaust emiss approv engin run natur ga lpg laid oper specif fuel composit parent engin meet emiss requir refer fuel case natur ga refer fuel case lpg annex iv test fine tune fuell system allow fine tune consist recalibr fuell databas alter basic control strategi basic structur databas exchang part directli relat amount fuel flow injector nozzl allow manufactur desir engin test refer fuel case type approv valid rang rang gase deliveri custom engin bear label paragraph state fuel composit engin calibr exhaust emiss approv member famili except case mention paragraph approv parent engin extend famili member test fuel composit rang parent engin approv case engin paragraph rang fuel case engin paragraph parent engin approv secondari test engin case applic type approv engin vehicl respect engin engin belong engin famili approv author determin regard select parent engin submit applic fulli repres engin famili defin annex appendix altern addit refer test engin select approv author test type approv certif certif conform model annex vi issu approv refer section engin mark engin approv technic unit bear trademark trade manufactur engin manufactur commerci descript ec type approv number preced distinct letter number countri grant ec type approv case ng engin mark ec type approv number case engin approv calibr rang gase case engin approv calibr rang gase hl case engin approv calibr rang rang gase ht case engin approv calibr specif ga composit rang gase transform specif ga rang gase fine tune engin fuell lt case engin approv calibr specif ga composit rang gase transform specif ga rang gase fine tune engin fuell hlt case engin approv calibr specif ga composit rang rang gase transform specif ga rang rang gase fine tune engin fuell label case ng lpg fuell engin fuel rang restrict type approv label applic content inform case paragraph label state quot natur ga rang quot applic quot quot replac quot quot case paragraph label state quot natur ga specif quot quot liquefi petroleum ga specif quot applic inform tabl annex iv individu constitu limit engin manufactur letter figur mm height note lack space prevent label simplifi code event explanatori note inform easili access person fill fuel tank perform mainten repair engin accessori author concern site content explanatori note determin agreement manufactur approv author properti label durabl life engin label legibl letter figur indel addition label attach manner fix durabl life engin label remov destroi defac place label secur engin part normal engin oper requir replac engin life addition label locat readili visibl averag person engin complet auxiliari engin oper case applic ec type approv vehicl type respect engin mark section close fuel fill apertur case applic ec type approv vehicl type approv engin mark section close fuel fill apertur specif test gener compon liabl affect emiss gaseou particul pollut diesel engin emiss gaseou pollut ga engin design construct assembl enabl engin normal compli provis direct defeat devic irrat emiss control strategi forbidden type approv author suspect vehicl type utilis defeat devic irrat emiss control strategi oper condit request manufactur provid inform oper effect emiss devic control strategi inform includ descript emiss control compon fuel control system logic includ time strategi switch point mode oper inform remain strictli confidenti attach document requir annex section specif emiss gaseou particul pollut smoke type approv row tabl section emiss determin esc elr test convent diesel engin includ fit electron fuel inject equip exhaust ga recircul egr oxid catalyst diesel engin fit advanc exhaust aftertreat system includ nox catalyst particul trap addition test test type approv test row row tabl section emiss determin esc elr test ga engin gaseou emiss determin test esc elr test procedur annex iii appendix test procedur annex iii appendic emiss gaseou pollut particul pollut applic smoke applic engin submit test measur method annex iii appendix annex describ recommend analyt system gaseou pollut recommend particul sampl system recommend smoke measur system system analys approv technic servic found yield equival result respect test cycl determin system equival base sampl pair larger correl studi system consider refer system direct particul emiss full flow dilut system recognis refer system quot result quot refer specif cycl emiss correl test perform laboratori test cell engin prefer run concurr equival criterion defin agreement sampl pair averag introduct system direct determin equival base calcul repeat reproduc iso limit valu specif mass carbon monoxid total hydrocarbon oxid nitrogen particul determin esc test smoke opac determin elr test exce amount shown tabl tabl limit valu esc elr test gt tabl gt diesel engin addition test test specif ga engin specif mass carbon monoxid methan hydrocarbon methan applic oxid nitrogen particul applic exce amount shown tabl tabl limit valu test condit verifi accept test annex iii appendix section measur emiss ga fuell engin limit valu applic row examin modifi accord procedur laid articl direct eec gt tabl gt hydrocarbon measur diesel ga fuell engin manufactur choos measur mass total hydrocarbon thc test measur mass methan hydrocarbon case limit mass total hydrocarbon shown tabl mass methan hydrocarbon specif requir diesel engin specif mass oxid nitrogen measur random check point control area esc test exce cent valu interpol adjac test mode refer annex iii appendix section smoke random test speed elr exce highest smoke adjac test speed cent cent limit whichev greater instal vehicl engin instal vehicl compli characterist respect type approv engin intak depress exce type approv engin annex vi exhaust back pressur exce type approv engin annex vi power absorb auxiliari need oper engin exce type approv engin annex vi power absorb auxiliari need oper engin exce type approv engin annex vi engin famili paramet defin engin famili engin famili determin engin manufactur defin basic characterist common engin famili case interact paramet effect consider ensur engin similar exhaust emiss characterist includ engin famili order engin consid belong engin famili list basic paramet common combust cycl cycl cycl cool medium air water oil ga engin engin aftertreat number cylind diesel engin fewer cylind parent engin consid belong engin famili provid fuell system meter fuel individu cylind individu cylind displac engin total spread method air aspir natur aspir pressur charg pressur charg charg air cooler combust chamber type design pre chamber swirl chamber open chamber valv port configur size number cylind head cylind wall crankcas fuel inject system diesel engin pump line injector line pump distributor pump singl element unit injector fuell system ga engin mix unit ga induct inject singl point multi point liquid inject singl point multi point ignit system ga engin miscellan featur exhaust ga recircul water inject emuls secondari air inject charg cool system exhaust aftertreat catalyst oxid catalyst reduct catalyst thermal reactor particul trap choic parent engin diesel engin parent engin famili select primari criteria highest fuel deliveri stroke declar maximum torqu speed event engin share primari criteria parent engin select secondari criteria highest fuel deliveri stroke rate speed circumst approv author conclud worst case emiss rate famili characteris test engin approv author select addit engin test base featur highest emiss level engin famili engin famili incorpor variabl featur consid affect exhaust emiss featur identifi account select parent engin ga engin parent engin famili select primari criteria largest displac event engin share primari criteria parent engin select secondari criteria order highest fuel deliveri stroke speed declar rate power advanc spark time lowest egr rate air pump lowest actual air flow pump circumst approv author conclud worst case emiss rate famili characteris test engin approv author select addit engin test base featur highest emiss level engin famili product conform measur ensur product conform accord provis articl direct eec product conform check basi descript type approv certif set annex vi direct section annex direct eec applic compet author satisfi audit procedur manufactur emiss pollut measur engin type approv extens test carri engin inform packag relat relev extens conform engin subject pollut test submiss engin author manufactur carri adjust engin select engin randomli seri engin subject test esc elr test test type approv row tabl section subject applic test check product conform agreement author engin type approv row tabl section subject test esc elr cycl cycl check product conform limit valu section annex test carri appendix annex compet author satisfi product standard deviat manufactur accord annex direct eec appli motor vehicl trailer test carri appendix annex compet author satisfi product standard deviat manufactur accord annex direct eec appli motor vehicl trailer manufactur request test carri accord appendix annex basi test engin sampl product seri regard conform pass decis reach pollut conform fail decis reach pollut accord test criteria appli appendix pass decis reach pollut decis chang addit test made order reach decis pollut pass decis reach pollut fail decis reach pollut test carri engin figur decis reach manufactur time decid stop test case fail decis record test carri newli manufactur engin ga fuell engin run procedur defin paragraph appendix annex iii request manufactur test carri diesel ga engin run period refer section maximum hour case run procedur conduct manufactur undertak make adjust engin manufactur ask conduct run procedur accord section carri engin test engin test determin evolut coeffici pollut emiss measur quot quot hour engin test evolut coeffici emiss quot quot hour calcul pollut gt refer graphic gt subsequ test engin subject run procedur hour emiss modifi evolut coeffici case valu valu quot quot hour engin valu hour multipli evolut coeffici engin diesel lpg fuell engin test conduct commerci fuel manufactur request refer fuel annex iv impli test section annex refer fuel ga engin ng fuell engin test conduct commerci fuel mark engin commerci fuel rang mark engin commerci fuel rang hl mark engin commerci fuel rang manufactur request refer fuel annex iv impli test section annex refer fuel ga engin case disput caus complianc ga fuell engin commerci fuel test perform refer fuel parent engin test addit fuel refer paragraph parent engin test result convert calcul appli relev factor quot quot quot ra quot quot rb quot paragraph ra rb correct place measur result calcul result demonstr engin meet limit valu relev fuel fuel applic fuel test conform product ga fuell engin laid oper specif fuel composit perform fuel engin calibr figur schemat product conform test gt pic file quot en tif quot gt oj oj oj oj germani franc itali netherland sweden belgium spain unit kingdom austria luxembourg norwai finland denmark portug greec fl liechtenstein iceland irl ireland appendix procedur product conform test standard deviat satisfactori appendix describ procedur verifi product conform emiss pollut manufactur product standard deviat satisfactori minimum sampl size engin sampl procedur set probabl lot pass test engin defect produc risk probabl lot accept engin defect consum risk procedur pollut section annex figur natur logarithm limit pollut χi natur logarithm measur engin sampl estim product standard deviat take natur logarithm measur current sampl number sampl sum standardis deviat limit calcul formula gt refer graphic gt test statist result greater pass decis number sampl size tabl pass decis reach pollut test statist result fail decis number sampl size tabl fail decis reach pollut addit engin test section annex calcul procedur appli sampl increas unit tabl pass fail decis number appendix sampl plan gt tabl gt appendix procedur product conform test standard deviat unsatisfactori unavail appendix describ procedur verifi product conform emiss pollut manufactur product standard deviat unsatisfactori unavail minimum sampl size engin sampl procedur set probabl lot pass test engin defect produc risk probabl lot accept engin defect consum risk valu pollut section annex consid log distribut transform take natur logarithm denot minimum maximum sampl size denot current sampl number natur logarithm valu measur seri χi natur logarithm limit pollut defin gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt tabl show valu pass fail bn decis number current sampl number test statist result ratio determin seri pass fail gt refer graphic gt determin seri pass fail amp lt amp lt pass seri gt refer graphic gt fail seri gt refer graphic gt measur gt refer graphic gt remark recurs formula calcul success valu test statist gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt tabl tabl pass fail decis number appendix sampl plan gt tabl gt appendix procedur product conform test manufactur request appendix describ procedur verifi manufactur request product conform emiss pollut minimum sampl size engin sampl procedur set probabl lot pass test engin defect produc risk probabl lot accept engin defect consum risk procedur pollut section annex figur limit pollut xi measur engin sampl current sampl number calcul sampl test statist quantifi number conform engin xi amp gt test statist equal pass decis number sampl size tabl pass decis reach pollut test statist greater equal fail decis number sampl size tabl fail decis reach pollut addit engin test section annex calcul procedur appli sampl increas unit tabl pass fail decis number calcul mean intern standard iso tabl pass fail decis number appendix sampl plan gt tabl gt annex ii gt pic file quot en tif quot gt appendix essenti characterist parent engin inform conduct test gt pic file quot en tif quot gt gt pic file quot en tif quot gt gt pic file quot en tif quot gt gt pic file quot en tif quot gt gt pic file quot en tif quot gt gt pic file quot en tif quot gt gt pic file quot en tif quot gt gt pic file quot en tif quot gt gt pic file quot en tif quot gt case convent engin system particular equival refer suppli manufactur appendix essenti characterist engin famili gt pic file quot en tif quot gt gt pic file quot en tif quot gt appendix essenti characterist engin type famili gt pic file quot en tif quot gt gt pic file quot en tif quot gt gt pic file quot en tif quot gt gt pic file quot en tif quot gt gt pic file quot en tif quot gt gt pic file quot en tif quot gt submit engin famili appendix characterist engin relat vehicl part gt pic file quot en tif quot gt annex iii test procedur introduct annex describ method determin emiss gaseou compon particul smoke engin test test cycl appli provis annex section esc consist steadi state mode cycl elr consist transient load step speed integr part test procedur run concurr consist sequenc transient mode test carri engin mount test bench connect dynamomet measur principl emiss measur exhaust engin includ gaseou compon carbon monoxid total hydrocarbon diesel engin esc test methan hydrocarbon diesel ga engin test methan ga engin test oxid nitrogen particul diesel engin smoke diesel engin elr test addition carbon dioxid tracer ga determin dilut ratio partial full flow dilut system good engin practic recommend gener measur carbon dioxid excel tool detect measur problem test run esc test prescrib sequenc warm engin oper condit amount exhaust emiss examin continu take sampl raw exhaust ga test cycl consist number speed power mode cover typic oper rang diesel engin mode concentr gaseou pollut exhaust flow power output determin measur valu weight particul sampl dilut condit ambient air sampl complet test procedur collect suitabl filter gram pollut emit kilowatt hour calcul appendix annex addition nox measur test point control area select technic servic measur valu compar valu calcul mode test cycl envelop select test point nox control check ensur effect emiss control engin typic engin oper rang elr test prescrib load respons test smoke warm engin determin mean opacimet test consist load engin constant speed load engin speed addition fourth load step select technic servic run compar valu previou load step smoke peak determin averag algorithm appendix annex test prescrib transient cycl warm engin oper condit base close road type specif drive pattern heavi duti engin instal truck buse pollut examin dilut total exhaust ga condit ambient air engin torqu speed feedback signal engin dynamomet power integr respect time cycl result work produc engin cycl concentr nox hc determin cycl integr analys signal concentr nmhc determin integr analys signal bag sampl particul proport sampl collect suitabl filter dilut exhaust ga flow rate determin cycl calcul mass emiss valu pollut mass emiss valu relat engin work gram pollut emit kilowatt hour appendix annex test condit engin test condit absolut temperatur ta engin air inlet engin express kelvin dry atmospher pressur ps express kpa measur paramet determin provis diesel engin natur aspir mechan supercharg engin gt refer graphic gt turbocharg engin cool intak air gt refer graphic gt ga engin gt refer graphic gt test valid test recognis valid paramet gt refer graphic gt engin charg air cool charg air temperatur record speed declar maximum power full load maximum charg air temperatur annex ii appendix section temperatur cool medium test shop system extern blower charg air temperatur maximum charg air temperatur annex ii appendix section speed declar maximum power full load set charg air cooler meet condit test cycl engin air intak system engin air intak system present air intak restrict pa upper limit engin oper speed declar maximum power full load engin exhaust system exhaust system present exhaust back pressur pa upper limit engin oper speed declar maximum power full load volum manufactur test shop system provid repres actual engin oper condit exhaust system conform requir exhaust ga sampl set annex iii appendix section annex section ep section ep engin equip exhaust aftertreat devic exhaust pipe diamet found pipe diamet upstream inlet begin expans section aftertreat devic distanc exhaust manifold flang turbocharg outlet exhaust aftertreat devic vehicl configur distanc specif manufactur exhaust backpressur restrict follow criteria set valv aftertreat contain remov dummi test engin map replac equival contain inact catalyst support cool system engin cool system suffici capac maintain engin normal oper temperatur prescrib manufactur lubric oil specif lubric oil test record present result test annex ii appendix section fuel fuel refer fuel annex iv fuel temperatur measur point manufactur limit annex ii appendix section fuel temperatur lower inlet fuel suppli ng lpg fuell engin fuel temperatur measur point limit annex ii appendix section annex ii appendix section case engin parent engin test exhaust aftertreat system engin equip exhaust aftertreat system emiss measur test cycl repres emiss field achiev singl test cycl particul filter period regener test cycl conduct test result averag weight exact procedur agre engin manufactur technic servic base good engin judgement test point select approv statist method randomis test point select approv statist method randomis appendix esc elr test cycl engin dynamomet set determin engin speed engin speed declar manufactur accord provis high speed nhi determin calcul declar maximum net power determin annex ii appendix section highest engin speed power occur power curv defin nhi low speed nlo determin calcul declar maximum net power determin annex ii appendix section lowest engin speed power occur power curv defin nlo engin speed calcul gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt engin speed verifi method addit test point measur engin power approv direct eec accur determin nhi nlo maximum power nhi nlo determin power curv engin speed calcul provis engin map full load curv maximum load speed idl speed measur point rpm interv measur point rpm speed declar maximum power maximum power nhi nlo determin map curv engin speed calcul provis measur engin speed engin speed declar manufactur declar engin speed emiss test toler exceed engin speed measur engin speed emiss test determin dynamomet set torqu curv full load determin experiment calcul torqu valu test mode net condit annex ii appendix section power absorb engin driven equip applic account dynamomet set test mode calcul formula gt refer graphic gt test net condit gt refer graphic gt test net condit dynamomet set kw net engin power annex ii appendix section kw cent load section power absorb auxiliari fit annex ii appendix section power absorb auxiliari remov annex ii appendix section esc test run manufactur request dummi test run condit engin exhaust system measur cycl prepar sampl filter hour test filter pair close unseal petri dish weigh chamber stabilis end stabilis period filter pair weigh tare weight record filter pair store close petri dish seal filter holder need test filter pair hour remov weigh chamber condit reweigh instal measur equip instrument sampl probe instal requir full flow dilut system exhaust ga dilut tailpip connect system start dilut system engin dilut system engin start warm temperatur pressur stabilis maximum power recommend manufactur good engin practic start particul sampl system particul sampl system start run pass particul background level dilut air determin pass dilut air particul filter filter dilut air measur prior test dilut air filter measur begin end cycl valu averag adjust dilut ratio dilut air set temperatur dilut exhaust ga measur immedi prior primari filter exce mode dilut ratio system nox concentr measur dilut ratio control nox content dilut air measur begin end test pre post test background nox concentr measur dilut air ppm ppm check analys emiss analys set span test cycl gt tabl gt test sequenc test sequenc start test perform order mode number set section engin oper prescrib time mode complet engin speed load second speed held rpm torqu held maximum torqu test speed manufactur request test sequenc repeat suffici number time sampl particul mass filter manufactur suppli detail descript data evalu calcul procedur gaseou emiss determin cycl analys respons output analys record strip chart record measur equival data acquisit system exhaust ga flow analys test cycl particul sampl pair filter primari back filter annex iii appendix complet test procedur modal weight factor test cycl procedur account take sampl proport exhaust mass flow individu mode cycl achiev adjust sampl flow rate sampl time dilut ratio criterion effect weight factor section met sampl time mode second weight factor sampl conduct late mode particul sampl complet earlier second end mode engin condit engin speed load intak air temperatur depress exhaust temperatur backpressur fuel flow air exhaust flow charg air temperatur fuel temperatur humid record mode speed load requir section met time particul sampl case minut mode addit data requir calcul record section nox check control area nox check control area perform immedi complet mode engin condit mode period minut start measur measur made locat control area select technic servic time measur minut measur procedur ident nox measur mode cycl carri accord section appendix annex iii appendix section calcul carri accord section recheck analys emiss test ga span ga recheck test consid accept differ pre test post test result span ga elr test run instal measur equip opacimet sampl probe applic instal exhaust silenc aftertreat devic fit gener instal procedur instrument manufactur addition requir section iso id observ prior full scale check opacimet warm stabilis instrument manufactur recommend opacimet equip purg air system prevent soot meter optic system activ adjust manufactur recommend check opacimet full scale check made opac readout mode opac scale offer defin calibr point opac opac light absorpt coeffici correctli calcul base measur opac la submit opacimet manufactur instrument return readout mode test blockag opacimet light beam readout adjust opac light prevent reach receiv readout adjust opac test cycl condit engin warm engin system maximum power order stabilis engin paramet recommend manufactur precondit phase protect actual measur influenc deposit exhaust system test engin stabilis cycl start precondit phase manufactur request dummi test run addit condit measur cycl test sequenc test consist sequenc load step engin speed cycl cycl cycl determin accord annex iii section cycl speed control area load select technic servic sequenc dynamomet oper test engin shown figur figur sequenc elr test gt pic file quot en tif quot gt engin oper engin speed cent load speed held rpm torqu held maximum torqu test speed end previou segment speed control lever move rapidli held wide open posit dynamomet load appli engin speed rpm rpm rest segment sequenc repeat time complet load step engin adjust engin speed cent load sequenc run engin oper engin speed complet load step engin adjust engin speed cent load sequenc run engin oper engin speed complet load step engin adjust select engin speed load cent sequenc run engin oper select engin speed cycl valid rel standard deviat smoke valu test speed sva svb svc calcul accord section appendix success load step test speed lower limit shown tabl annex whichev greater differ greater sequenc repeat success load step meet valid criteria recheck opacimet post test opacimet drift exce limit shown tabl annex calcul gaseou emiss data evalu evalu gaseou emiss chart read second mode averag averag concentr conc hc nox mode determin averag chart read calibr data type record ensur equival data acquisit nox check control area requir appli nox exhaust ga flow gexhw dilut exhaust ga flow gtotw option determin accord annex iii appendix section dry wet correct measur concentr convert wet basi formula measur wet basi gt refer graphic gt raw exhaust ga gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt dilut exhaust ga gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt tabl gt ha hd water kg dry air ra rel humid dilut intak air pd pa satur vapour pressur dilut intak air kpa pb total barometr pressur kpa nox correct humid temperatur nox emiss depend ambient air condit nox concentr correct ambient air temperatur humid factor formula gt refer graphic gt gfuel gaird gfuel gaird ta temperatur air ha humid intak air water kg dry air gt refer graphic gt ra rel humid intak air pa satur vapour pressur intak air kpa pb total barometr pressur kpa calcul emiss mass flow rate emiss mass flow rate mode calcul assum exhaust ga densiti kg kpa gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt nox conc coconc hcconc averag concentr ppm raw exhaust ga determin section option gaseou emiss determin full flow dilut system formula appli gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt nox conc coconc hcconc averag background correct concentr ppm mode dilut exhaust ga determin annex iii appendix section calcul specif emiss emiss kwh calcul individu compon gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt weight factor wf calcul section calcul area control valu control point select section nox emiss measur calcul section determin interpol mode test cycl closest respect control point section measur valu compar interpol valu section calcul specif emiss nox emiss control point calcul gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt determin emiss test cycl nox emiss control point interpol closest mode test cycl envelop select control point shown figur mode definit appli speed speed nrt speed speed nsu cent load cent load cent load cent load nox emiss select control point calcul gt refer graphic gt etu gt refer graphic gt er gt refer graphic gt mtu gt refer graphic gt mr gt refer graphic gt er es eu specif nox emiss envelop mode calcul accord section mr ms mt mu engin torqu envelop mode figur interpol nox control point gt pic file quot en tif quot gt comparison nox emiss valu measur specif nox emiss control point nox compar interpol ez gt refer graphic gt calcul particul emiss data evalu evalu particul total sampl mass msam filter record mode filter return weigh chamber condit hour hour weigh gross weight filter record tare weight section appendix subtract particul mass mf sum particul mass collect primari back filter background correct appli dilut air mass mdil filter particul mass md record measur made quotient md mdil calcul singl measur valu averag partial flow dilut system final report test result particul emiss determin step type dilut rate control calcul method gedfw appli calcul base averag valu individu mode sampl period isokinet system gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt correspond ratio cross section area isokinet probe exhaust pipe gt refer graphic gt system measur nox concentr gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt conc wet concentr tracer ga raw exhaust concd wet concentr tracer ga dilut exhaust conca wet concentr tracer ga dilut air concentr measur dry basi convert wet basi section appendix system measur carbon balanc method gt refer graphic gt concentr dilut exhaust concentr dilut air concentr vol wet basi equat base carbon balanc assumpt carbon atom suppli engin emit determin step gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt system flow measur gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt full flow dilut system report test result particul emiss determin step calcul base averag valu individu mode sampl period gt refer graphic gt calcul particul mass flow rate particul mass flow rate calcul gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt msam gt refer graphic gt determin test cycl summat averag valu individu mode sampl period particul mass flow rate background correct gt refer graphic gt measur made gt refer graphic gt replac gt refer graphic gt dfi concco concco conchc individu mode dfi concco individu mode calcul specif emiss particul emiss calcul gt refer graphic gt effect weight factor effect weight factor wfe mode calcul gt refer graphic gt effect weight factor idl mode weight factor list section calcul smoke valu bessel algorithm bessel algorithm comput averag valu instantan smoke read convert accord section algorithm emul low pass order filter requir iter calcul determin coeffici coeffici function respons time opacimet system sampl rate section repeat system respons time sampl rate calcul filter respons time bessel constant requir bessel respons time tf function physic electr respons time opacimet system annex iii appendix section calcul equat gt refer graphic gt tp physic respons time te electr respons time calcul estim filter cut frequenc fc base step input amp lt annex vii respons time defin time bessel output reach reach step function obtain iter fc ap tf iter fc formula gt refer graphic gt bessel constant calcul equat gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt δt sampl rate tan δt fc calcul bessel algorithm valu bessel averag respons step input si calcul gt refer graphic gt si si si yi yi time interpol differ time defin respons time tf fc respons time close requir respons time iter continu actual respons time requir respons gt refer graphic gt data evalu smoke measur valu sampl minimum rate hz determin smoke data convers basic measur unit opacimet transmitt smoke valu convert transmitt light absorpt coeffici gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt light absorpt coeffici la effect optic path length submit instrument manufactur opac transmitt convers appli data process made calcul bessel averag smoke proper cut frequenc fc produc requir filter respons time tf frequenc determin iter process section proper bessel algorithm constant calcul bessel algorithm appli instantan smoke trace section gt refer graphic gt bessel algorithm recurs natur initi input valu si si initi output valu yi yi algorithm start assum load step speed maximum ymax select individu yi valu smoke trace final result smoke valu sv cycl test speed calcul test speed gt refer graphic gt test speed gt refer graphic gt test speed gt refer graphic gt ymax ymax ymax highest bessel averag smoke load step final calcul gt refer graphic gt test point select approv statist method randomis test point select approv statist method randomis base equival base equival valid refer fuel annex appendix test cycl engin map procedur determin map speed rang gener test cell engin map prior test cycl determin speed torqu curv minimum maximum map speed defin minimum map speed idl speed maximum map speed nhi speed full load torqu drop whichev lower perform engin power map engin warm maximum power order stabilis engin paramet recommend manufactur good engin practic engin stabilis engin map perform engin unload oper idl speed engin oper full load set inject pump minimum map speed engin speed increas averag rate min minimum maximum map speed engin speed torqu point record sampl rate point map curv gener data point record section connect linear interpol point result torqu curv map curv convert normalis torqu valu engin cycl actual torqu valu test cycl section altern map manufactur believ map techniqu unsaf unrepres engin altern map techniqu altern techniqu satisfi intent map procedur determin maximum torqu engin speed achiev test cycl deviat map techniqu section reason safeti repres approv technic servic justif case descend continu sweep engin speed govern turbocharg engin replic test engin map test cycl engin remap prior test cycl unreason amount time transpir map determin engin judgement physic recalibr made engin potenti affect engin perform gener refer test cycl transient test cycl appendix annex normalis valu torqu speed chang actual valu result refer cycl actual speed speed unnormalis equat gt refer graphic gt refer speed nref correspond speed valu engin dynamomet schedul appendix defin figur annex gt refer graphic gt nhi nlo annex section determin annex iii appendix section actual torqu torqu normalis maximum torqu respect speed torqu valu refer cycl unnormalis map curv determin section gt refer graphic gt respect actual speed determin section neg torqu valu motor point quot quot purpos refer cycl gener unnormalis valu determin wai neg posit torqu speed point map neg torqu requir motor engin minimum maximum map speed determin neg torqu requir motor engin idl refer speed linear interpol point unnormalis procedur test point unnormalis speed torqu valu refer speed min idl speed min result gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt maximum torqu observ map curv min nm emiss test run manufactur request dummi test run condit engin exhaust system measur cycl ng lpg fuell engin run test engin run minimum cycl emiss measur cycl exce emiss measur previou cycl prepar sampl filter diesel engin hour test filter pair close unseal petri dish weigh chamber stabilis end stabilis period filter pair weigh tare weight record filter pair store close petri dish seal filter holder need test filter pair hour remov weigh chamber condit reweigh instal measur equip instrument sampl probe instal requir tailpip connect full flow dilut system start dilut system engin dilut system engin start warm temperatur pressur stabilis maximum power recommend manufactur good engin practic start particul sampl system diesel engin particul sampl system start run pass particul background level dilut air determin pass dilut air particul filter filter dilut air measur prior test dilut air filter measur begin end cycl valu averag adjust full flow dilut system total dilut exhaust ga flow set elimin water condens system obtain maximum filter face temperatur annex section dt check analys emiss analys set span sampl bag evacu engin start procedur stabilis engin start manufactur recommend start procedur owner manual product starter motor dynamomet option test start directli engin precondit phase shut engin engin reach idl speed test cycl test sequenc test sequenc start engin reach idl speed test perform refer cycl set section appendix engin speed torqu command set point issu hz hz recommend greater feedback engin speed torqu record test cycl signal electron filter analys respons start engin test sequenc cycl start directli precondit measur equip start simultan start collect analys dilut air start collect analys dilut exhaust ga start measur amount dilut exhaust ga cv requir temperatur pressur start record feedback data speed torqu dynamomet hc nox measur continu dilut tunnel frequenc hz averag concentr determin integr analys signal test cycl system respons time greater coordin cv flow fluctuat sampl time test cycl offset nmhc ch determin integr analys concentr sampl bag collect cycl concentr gaseou pollut dilut air determin integr collect background bag valu record minimum measur hz particul sampl diesel engin start engin test sequenc cycl start directli precondit particul sampl system switch pass collect particul flow compens sampl pump adjust flow rate particul sampl probe transfer tube maintain set flow rate flow compens proport control sampl flow demonstr ratio main tunnel flow particul sampl flow chang set second sampl note doubl dilut oper sampl flow net differ flow rate sampl filter secondari dilut air flow rate averag temperatur pressur ga meter flow instrument inlet record set flow rate maintain complet cycl high particul load filter test void test rerun lower flow rate larger diamet filter engin stall engin stall test cycl engin precondit restart test repeat malfunct occur requir test equip test cycl test void oper test complet test measur dilut exhaust ga volum ga flow collect bag particul sampl pump stop integr analys system sampl continu system respons time elaps concentr collect bag analys case minut end test cycl emiss test ga span ga check analys test consid accept differ pre test post test result span ga diesel engin particul filter return weigh chamber hour complet test condit close unseal petri dish hour hour weigh verif test run data shift minimis bias effect time lag feedback refer cycl valu entir engin speed torqu feedback signal sequenc advanc delai time respect refer speed torqu sequenc feedback signal shift speed torqu shift amount direct calcul cycl work actual cycl work wact kwh calcul pair engin feedback speed torqu valu record feedback data shift occur option select actual cycl work wact comparison refer cycl work wref calcul brake specif emiss section methodolog integr refer actual engin power valu determin adjac refer adjac measur valu linear interpol integr refer actual cycl work neg torqu valu set equal includ integr perform frequenc hertz time segment torqu posit neg neg posit neg portion comput set equal posit portion includ integr wact wref valid statist test cycl linear regress feedback valu refer valu perform speed torqu power feedback data shift occur option select method squar fit equat form gt refer graphic gt feedback actual speed min torqu nm power kw slope regress line refer speed min torqu nm power kw intercept regress line standard error estim se coeffici determin calcul regress line recommend analysi perform hertz neg refer torqu valu feedback valu delet calcul cycl torqu power valid statist test consid valid criteria tabl met tabl regress line toler gt tabl gt point delet regress analys permit note tabl tabl permit point delet regress analysi gt tabl gt calcul gaseou emiss determin dilut exhaust ga flow total dilut exhaust ga flow cycl kg test calcul measur valu cycl calibr data flow measur devic pdp kv cfv determin annex iii appendix section formula appli temperatur dilut exhaust constant cycl heat exchang pdp cv cfv cv annex section pdp cv system gt refer graphic gt mtotw mass dilut exhaust ga wet basi cycl kg volum ga pump revolut test condit rev np total revolut pump test pb atmospher pressur test cell kpa pressur depress atmospher pump inlet kpa averag temperatur dilut exhaust ga pump inlet cycl cfv cv system gt refer graphic gt mtotw mass dilut exhaust ga wet basi cycl kg cycl time kv calibr coeffici critic flow venturi standard condit pa absolut pressur venturi inlet kpa absolut temperatur venturi inlet system flow compens heat exchang instantan mass emiss calcul integr cycl case instantan mass dilut exhaust ga calcul pdp cv system gt refer graphic gt mtotw instantan mass dilut exhaust ga wet basi kg np total revolut pump time interv cfv cv system gt refer graphic gt mtotw instantan mass dilut exhaust ga wet basi kg δti time interv total sampl mass particul msam gaseou pollut exce total cv flow mtotw cv flow correct msam particul sampl flow return cv prior flow measur devic pdp cfv nox correct humid nox emiss depend ambient air condit nox concentr correct ambient air humid factor formula diesel engin gt refer graphic gt ga engin gt refer graphic gt ha humid intak air water kg dry airin gt refer graphic gt ra rel humid intak air pa satur vapour pressur intak air kpa pb total barometr pressur kpa calcul emiss mass flow system constant mass flow system heat exchang mass pollut test determin equat gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt nox conc coconc hcconc nmhcconc averag background correct concentr cycl integr mandatori nox hc bag measur ppm mtotw total mass dilut exhaust ga cycl determin section kg kh humid correct factor diesel engin determin section kh humid correct factor ga engin determin section concentr measur dry basi convert wet basi accord annex iii appendix section determin nmhcconc depend method annex iii appendix section case ch concentr determin subtract hc concentr gc method gt refer graphic gt nmc method gt refer graphic gt hc wcutter hc concentr sampl ga flow nmc hc ocutt hc concentr sampl ga bypass nmc cem methan effici determin annex iii appendix section cee ethan effici determin annex iii appendix section determin background correct concentr averag background concentr gaseou pollut dilut air subtract measur concentr net concentr pollut averag valu background concentr determin sampl bag method continu measur integr formula gt refer graphic gt conc concentr respect pollut dilut exhaust ga correct amount respect pollut contain dilut air ppm conc concentr respect pollut measur dilut exhaust ga ppm concd concentr respect pollut measur dilut air ppm df dilut factor dilut factor calcul diesel lpg fuell ga engin gt refer graphic gt ng fuell ga engin gt refer graphic gt conc concentr dilut exhaust ga vol hcconc concentr hc dilut exhaust ga ppm nmhcconc concentr nmhc dilut exhaust ga ppm coconc concentr dilut exhaust ga ppm fs stoichiometr factor concentr measur dry basi convert wet basi accord annex iii appendix section stoichiometr factor calcul gt refer graphic gt fuel composit cxhy altern fuel composit stoichiometr factor fs diesel fs lpg fs ng system flow compens system heat exchang mass pollut test determin calcul instantan mass emiss integr instantan valu cycl background correct appli directli instantan concentr formula appli gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt conc concentr respect pollut measur dilut exhaust ga ppm concd concentr respect pollut measur dilut air ppm mtotw instantan mass dilut exhaust ga section kg mtotw total mass dilut exhaust ga cycl section kg kh humid correct factor diesel engin determin section kh humid correct factor ga engin determin section df dilut factor determin section calcul specif emiss emiss kwh calcul individu compon gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt wact actual cycl work determin section kwh calcul particul emiss diesel engin calcul mass flow particul mass test calcul gt refer graphic gt mf particul mass sampl cycl mg mtotw total mass dilut exhaust ga cycl determin section kg msam mass dilut exhaust ga dilut tunnel collect particul kg mf mf mf weigh separ mg mf particul mass collect primari filter mg mf particul mass collect back filter mg doubl dilut system mass secondari dilut air subtract total mass doubl dilut exhaust ga sampl particul filter gt refer graphic gt mtot mass doubl dilut exhaust ga particul filter kg msec mass secondari dilut air kg particul background level dilut air determin accord section particul mass background correct case particul mass test calcul gt refer graphic gt mf msam mtotw mdil mass primari dilut air sampl background particul sampler kg md mass collect background particul primari dilut air mg df dilut factor determin section calcul specif emiss particul emiss kwh calcul gt refer graphic gt wact actual cycl work determin section kwh base equival appendix engin dynamomet schedul gt tabl gt quot quot motor graphic displai dynamomet schedul shown figur figur dynamomet schedul gt pic file quot en tif quot gt appendix measur sampl procedur introduct gaseou compon particul smoke emit engin submit test measur method annex respect section annex describ recommend analyt system gaseou emiss section recommend particul dilut sampl system section recommend opacimet smoke measur section esc gaseou compon determin raw exhaust ga option determin dilut exhaust ga full flow dilut system particul determin particul determin partial flow full flow dilut system full flow dilut system determin gaseou particul emiss consid refer system partial flow dilut system approv technic servic equival section annex proven detail descript data evalu calcul procedur submit technic servic dynamomet test cell equip equip emiss test engin engin dynamomet engin dynamomet engin dynamomet adequ characterist perform test cycl appendic annex speed measur system accuraci read torqu measur system accuraci read rang amp gt full scale accuraci full scale rang amp lt full scale instrument measur instrument fuel consumpt air consumpt temperatur coolant lubric exhaust ga pressur intak manifold depress exhaust ga temperatur air intak temperatur atmospher pressur humid fuel temperatur requir instrument satisfi requir tabl tabl accuraci measur instrument gt tabl gt exhaust ga flow calcul emiss raw exhaust exhaust ga flow section appendix determin exhaust flow method direct measur exhaust flow flow nozzl equival meter system measur air flow fuel flow suitabl meter system calcul exhaust flow equat gt refer graphic gt accuraci exhaust flow determin read dilut exhaust ga flow calcul emiss dilut exhaust full flow dilut system mandatori dilut exhaust ga flow section appendix total mass flow rate dilut exhaust gtotw total mass dilut exhaust ga cycl mtotw measur pdp cfv annex section accuraci read determin provis annex iii appendix section determin gaseou compon gener analys specif analys measur rang accuraci requir measur concentr exhaust ga compon section recommend analys oper measur concentr fall full scale read system comput data logger provid suffici accuraci resolut full scale measur full scale accept case addit calibr nomin equal space point made ensur accuraci calibr curv annex iii appendix section electromagnet compat emc equip level minimis addit error measur error total measur error includ cross sensit gase annex iii appendix section exce read full scale whichev smaller concentr ppm measur error exce ppm repeat repeat defin time standard deviat repetit respons calibr span ga greater full scale concentr rang ppm ppmc rang ppm ppmc nois analys peak peak respons calibr span gase second period exce full scale rang drift drift hour period full scale lowest rang respons defin respons includ nois ga second time interv span drift span drift hour period full scale lowest rang span defin differ span respons respons span respons defin respons includ nois span ga second time interv ga dry option ga dry devic minim effect concentr measur gase chemic dryer accept method remov water sampl analys section describ measur principl detail descript measur system annex gase measur analys instrument linear analys linearis circuit permit carbon monoxid analysi carbon monoxid analys dispers infrar ndir absorpt type carbon dioxid analysi carbon dioxid analys dispers infrar ndir absorpt type hydrocarbon hc analysi diesel lpg fuell ga engin hydrocarbon analys heat flame ionis detector hfid type detector valv pipework heat maintain ga temperatur ng fuell ga engin hydrocarbon analys heat flame ionis detector fid type depend method annex section methan hydrocarbon nmhc analysi ng fuell ga engin methan hydrocarbon determin method ga chromatograph gc method methan hydrocarbon determin subtract methan analys ga chromatograph gc condit hydrocarbon measur section methan cutter nmc method determin methan fraction perform heat nmc oper line fid section subtract methan hydrocarbon oxid nitrogen nox analysi oxid nitrogen analys chemiluminesc detector cld heat chemiluminesc detector hcld type convert measur dry basi measur wet basi hcld convert maintain provid water quench check annex iii appendix section satisfi sampl gaseou emiss raw exhaust ga esc gaseou emiss sampl probe fit time diamet exhaust pipe whichev larger upstream exit exhaust ga system applic suffici close engin ensur exhaust ga temperatur probe case multi cylind engin branch exhaust manifold inlet probe locat suffici downstream ensur sampl repres averag exhaust emiss cylind multi cylind engin distinct group manifold quot vee quot engin configur permiss acquir sampl group individu calcul averag exhaust emiss method shown correl method exhaust emiss calcul total exhaust mass flow engin equip exhaust aftertreat system exhaust sampl downstream exhaust aftertreat system dilut exhaust ga mandatori option esc exhaust pipe engin full flow dilut system conform requir annex section ep gaseou emiss sampl probe instal dilut tunnel point dilut air exhaust ga mix close proxim particul sampl probe sampl gener wai pollut sampl sampl bag cycl measur complet test pollut sampl continu integr cycl method mandatori hc nox determin particul determin particul requir dilut system dilut accomplish partial flow dilut system esc full flow dilut system mandatori flow capac dilut system larg complet elimin water condens dilut sampl system maintain temperatur dilut exhaust ga immedi upstream filter holder dehumidifi dilut air enter dilut system permit dilut air humid high temperatur dilut air ambient temperatur dilut air pre heat upper temperatur limit recommend dilut air temperatur exce prior introduct exhaust dilut tunnel partial flow dilut system design split exhaust stream fraction smaller dilut air subsequ particul measur essenti dilut ratio determin accur split method appli type split dictat signific degre sampl hardwar procedur annex section particul sampl probe instal close proxim gaseou emiss sampl probe instal compli provis section determin mass particul particul sampl system particul sampl filter microgram balanc temperatur humid control weigh chamber requir particul sampl singl filter method appli pair filter section test cycl esc consider attent paid sampl time flow sampl phase test particul sampl filter filter specif fluorocarbon coat glass fibr filter fluorocarbon base membran filter requir filter type μm dop di octylphthal collect effici ga face veloc cm filter size particul filter minimum diamet mm mm stain diamet larger diamet filter accept section primari back filter dilut exhaust sampl pair filter seri primari back filter test sequenc back filter locat mm downstream contact primari filter filter weigh separ pair filter stain side stain side filter face veloc ga face veloc filter cm achiev pressur drop increas begin end test kpa filter load recommend minimum filter load mg mm stain area common filter size valu shown tabl tabl recommend filter load gt tabl gt weigh chamber analyt balanc specif weigh chamber condit temperatur chamber room particul filter condit weigh maintain filter condit weigh humid maintain dewpoint rel humid refer filter weigh chamber room environ free ambient contamin dust settl particul filter stabilis disturb weigh room specif outlin section allow durat disturb exce minut weigh room meet requir specif prior person entranc weigh room unus refer filter refer filter pair weigh hour prefer time sampl filter pair weigh size materi sampl filter averag weight refer filter refer filter pair sampl filter weigh filter pair recommend minimum filter load section sampl filter discard emiss test repeat weigh room stabil criteria outlin section met refer filter pair weigh meet criteria engin manufactur option accept sampl filter weight void test fix weigh room control system rerun test analyt balanc analyt balanc determin weight filter precis standard deviat μg resolut μg digit μg filter mm diamet precis resolut μg μg addit specif particul measur part dilut system sampl system exhaust pipe filter holder contact raw dilut exhaust ga design minimis deposit alter particul part made electr conduct materi react exhaust ga compon electr ground prevent electrostat effect determin smoke section specif requir option test equip elr test smoke measur opacimet opac light absorpt coeffici readout mode opac readout mode calibr check opacimet smoke valu test cycl measur light absorpt coeffici readout mode gener requir elr requir smoke measur data process system includ function unit unit integr singl compon provid system interconnect compon function unit opacimet meet specif annex section data process unit capabl perform function annex iii appendix section printer electron storag medium record output requir smoke valu annex iii appendix section specif requir linear linear opac drift drift hour period exce opac opacimet displai rang displai opac rang opac readabl opac displai light absorpt coeffici rang light absorpt coeffici readabl light absorpt coeffici instrument respons time physic respons time opacimet exce physic respons time differ time output rapid respons receiv reach full deviat opac ga measur chang electr respons time opacimet exce electr respons time differ time opacimet output reach full scale light sourc interrupt complet extinguish neutral densiti filter neutral densiti filter conjunct opacimet calibr linear measur set span opac filter nomin check accuraci yearli refer traceabl nation intern standard neutral densiti filter precis devic easili damag handl minimis requir care avoid scratch soil filter appendix calibr procedur calibr analyt instrument introduct analys calibr fulfil accuraci requir direct calibr method section analys annex iii appendix section annex section calibr gase shelf life calibr gase respect expir date calibr gase state manufactur record pure gase requir puriti gase defin contamin limit gase oper purifi nitrogen contamin amp lt ppm amp lt ppm amp lt ppm amp lt ppm purifi oxygen puriti amp gt vol hydrogen helium mixtur hydrogen balanc helium contamin amp lt ppm amp lt ppm purifi synthet air contamin amp lt ppm amp lt ppm amp lt ppm amp lt ppm oxygen content vol purifi propan cv verif calibr span gase mixtur gase chemic composit purifi synthet air section purifi nitrogen nox purifi nitrogen amount contain calibr ga exce content purifi nitrogen ch purifi synthet air purifi synthet air note ga combin allow provid gase react true concentr calibr span ga nomin concentr calibr ga volum basi volum percent volum ppm gase calibr span obtain mean ga divid dilut purifi purifi synthet air accuraci mix devic concentr dilut calibr gase determin oper procedur analys sampl system oper procedur analys follow start oper instruct instrument manufactur minimum requir section includ leakag test system leakag test perform probe disconnect exhaust system end plug analys pump switch initi stabilis period flow meter read sampl line check fault correct maximum allow leakag rate vacuum side flow rate portion system check analys flow bypass flow estim flow rate method introduct concentr step chang begin sampl line switch span ga adequ period time read show lower concentr compar introduc concentr point calibr leakag problem calibr procedur instrument assembl instrument assembl calibr calibr curv check standard gase ga flow rate sampl exhaust warm time warm time recommend manufactur minimum hour recommend warm analys ndir hfid analys ndir analys tune combust flame hfid analys optimis section calibr oper rang calibr purifi synthet air nitrogen nox hc analys set calibr gase introduc analys valu record calibr curv establish section set recheck calibr procedur repeat establish calibr curv gener guidelin analys calibr curv establish calibr point exclud space uniformli highest nomin concentr equal higher full scale calibr curv calcul method squar result polynomi degre greater number calibr point includ equal polynomi degre calibr curv differ nomin calibr point full scale calibr curv calibr point verifi calibr carri correctli characterist paramet analys measur rang sensit date carri calibr calibr full scale analys calibr curv establish addit calibr point exclud space nomin equal full scale calibr curv calcul method squar calibr curv differ nomin calibr point full scale altern method shown altern technolog comput electron control rang switch give equival accuraci altern verif calibr oper rang check prior analysi accord procedur calibr check ga span ga nomin full scale measur rang point consid found differ full scale declar refer adjust paramet modifi case calibr curv establish accord section effici test nox convert effici convert convers test section figur test set test set shown figur annex iii appendix section procedur effici convert test mean ozon calibr cld hcld calibr common oper rang manufactur specif span ga content amount oper rang concentr ga mixtur concentr nox analys mode span ga pass convert concentr record calcul effici nox convert calcul gt refer graphic gt nox concentr section nox concentr section concentr section concentr section ad oxygen fit oxygen air ad continu ga flow concentr calibr concentr section analys mode concentr record ozon deactiv process activ ozon ozon activ gener ozon bring concentr minimum calibr concentr section concentr record analys mode nox mode analys switch nox mode ga mixtur consist pass convert concentr record analys nox mode deactiv ozon ozon deactiv mixtur gase section pass convert detector concentr record analys nox mode mode switch mode ozon deactiv flow oxygen synthet air shut nox read analys deviat measur section analys mode test interv effici convert test prior calibr nox analys effici requir effici convert higher effici strongli recommend note analys common rang ozon give reduct section highest rang give reduct figur schemat nox convert effici devic gt pic file quot en tif quot gt adjust fid optimis detector respons fid adjust instrument manufactur propan air span ga optimis respons common oper rang fuel air flow rate set manufactur recommend ppm span ga introduc analys respons fuel flow determin differ span ga respons ga respons fuel flow increment adjust manufactur specif span respons fuel flow record differ span respons plot fuel flow adjust rich side curv hydrocarbon respons factor analys calibr propan air purifi synthet air section respons factor determin introduc analys servic major servic interv respons factor rf hydrocarbon speci ratio fid read ga concentr cylind express ppm concentr test ga level give respons approxim full scale concentr accuraci refer gravimetr standard express volum addit ga cylind precondit hour temperatur test gase recommend rel respons factor rang methan purifi synthet air amp lt rf amp lt propylen purifi synthet air amp lt rf amp lt toluen purifi synthet air amp lt rf amp lt valu rel respons factor rf propan purifi synthet air oxygen interfer check oxygen interfer check determin introduc analys servic major servic interv respons factor defin determin section test ga recommend rel respons factor rang gt refer graphic gt rel respons factor rf propan purifi synthet air fid burner air oxygen concentr mole oxygen concentr burner air latest oxygen interfer check differ greater oxygen interfer check analys adjust effici methan cutter nmc ng fuell ga engin nmc remov methan hydrocarbon sampl ga oxidis hydrocarbon methan ideal convers methan hydrocarbon repres ethan accur measur nmhc effici determin calcul nmhc emiss mass flow rate annex iii appendix section methan effici methan calibr ga flown fid bypass nmc concentr record effici determin gt refer graphic gt concw hc concentr ch flow nmc concw hc concentr ch bypass nmc ethan effici ethan calibr ga flown fid bypass nmc concentr record effici determin gt refer graphic gt concw hc concentr flow nmc concw hc concentr bypass nmc interfer effect nox analys gase present exhaust analys interfer read wai posit interfer occur ndir instrument interf ga effect ga measur lesser degre neg interfer occur ndir instrument interf ga broaden absorpt band measur ga cld instrument interf ga quench radiat interfer check section perform prior analys initi major servic interv analys interfer check water interfer analys perform span ga concentr full scale maximum oper rang test bubbl water room temperatur analys respons record analys respons full scale rang equal ppm ppm rang ppm nox analys quench check gase concern cld hcld analys water vapour quench respons gase proport concentr requir test techniqu determin quench highest expect concentr experienc test quench check span ga concentr full scale maximum oper rang pass ndir analys record dilut approxim span ga pass ndir cld valu record shut span ga pass cld record quench greater full scale calcul gt refer graphic gt undilut concentr measur ndir dilut concentr measur ndir dilut concentr measur cld ppm undilut concentr measur cld ppm altern method dilut quantifi span ga valu dynam mix blend water quench check check appli wet ga concentr measur calcul water quench dilut span ga water vapour scale water vapour concentr mixtur expect test span ga concentr full scale normal oper rang pass cld record span ga bubbl water room temperatur pass cld record analys absolut oper pressur water temperatur determin record mixtur satur vapour pressur correspond bubbler water temperatur determin record water vapour concentr mixtur calcul gt refer graphic gt expect dilut span ga water vapour concentr de calcul gt refer graphic gt diesel exhaust maximum exhaust water vapour concentr hm expect test estim assumpt fuel atom ratio undilut span ga concentr measur section gt refer graphic gt water quench greater calcul gt refer graphic gt de expect dilut concentr ppm dilut concentr ppm hm maximum water vapour concentr actual water vapour concentr note import span ga minim concentr check absorpt water account quench calcul calibr interv analys calibr section month system repair chang made influenc calibr calibr cv system gener cv system calibr accur flowmet traceabl nation intern standard restrict devic flow system measur restrict set control paramet system measur relat flow type flowmet calibr venturi calibr laminar flowmet calibr turbinemet calibr posit displac pump pdp paramet relat pump simultan measur paramet relat flowmet connect seri pump calcul flow rate min pump inlet absolut pressur temperatur plot versu correl function specif combin pump paramet linear equat relat pump flow correl function determin cv multipl speed drive calibr perform rang temperatur stabil maintain calibr data analysi air flowrat qs restrict set minimum set calcul standard min flowmet data manufactur prescrib method air flow rate convert pump flow rev absolut pump inlet temperatur pressur gt refer graphic gt qs air flow rate standard condit kpa temperatur pump inlet pa absolut pressur pump inlet pb kpa pump speed rev account interact pressur variat pump pump slip rate correl function pump speed pressur differenti pump inlet pump outlet absolut pump outlet pressur calcul gt refer graphic gt δpp pressur differenti pump inlet pump outlet kpa pa absolut outlet pressur pump outlet kpa linear squar fit perform gener calibr equat gt refer graphic gt intercept slope constant describ regress line cv system multipl speed calibr curv gener pump flow rang approxim parallel intercept valu increas pump flow rang decreas calcul valu equat measur valu vari pump particul influx time pump slip decreas reflect lower valu calibr perform pump start major mainten total system verif section chang slip rate calibr critic flow venturi cfv calibr cfv base flow equat critic venturi ga flow function inlet pressur temperatur shown gt refer graphic gt kv calibr coeffici pa absolut pressur venturi inlet kpa temperatur venturi inlet data analysi air flowrat qs restrict set minimum set calcul standard min flowmet data manufactur prescrib method calibr coeffici calcul calibr data set gt refer graphic gt qs air flow rate standard condit kpa temperatur venturi inlet pa absolut pressur venturi inlet kpa determin rang critic flow kv plot function venturi inlet pressur critic choke flow kv constant pressur decreas vacuum increas venturi unchok kv decreas cfv oper permiss rang minimum point region critic flow averag kv standard deviat calcul standard deviat exce averag kv total system verif total accuraci cv sampl system analyt system determin introduc mass pollut ga system oper normal manner pollut analys mass calcul annex iii appendix section case propan factor place hc techniqu meter critic flow orific quantiti pure ga carbon monoxid propan fed cv system calibr critic orific inlet pressur high flow rate adjust mean critic flow orific independ orific outlet pressur equiv critic flow cv system oper normal exhaust emiss test minut ga sampl analys usual equip sampl bag integr method mass ga calcul mass determin mass ga inject meter mean gravimetr techniqu weight small cylind fill carbon monoxid propan determin precis gram minut cv system oper normal exhaust emiss test carbon monoxid propan inject system quantiti pure ga discharg determin mean differenti weigh ga sampl analys usual equip sampl bag integr method mass ga calcul mass determin mass ga inject calibr particul measur system introduct compon calibr fulfil accuraci requir direct calibr method section compon annex iii appendix section annex section flow measur calibr ga flow meter flow measur instrument traceabl intern nation standard maximum error measur read ga flow determin differenti flow measur maximum error differ accuraci gedf annex section ega calcul take root squar error instrument check partial flow condit rang exhaust ga veloc pressur oscil check adjust requir annex section ep applic calibr interv flow measur instrument calibr month system repair chang made influenc calibr calibr smoke measur equip introduct opacimet calibr fulfil accuraci requir direct calibr method section compon annex iii appendix section annex section calibr procedur warm time opacimet warm stabilis manufactur recommend opacimet equip purg air system prevent soot instrument optic system activ adjust manufactur recommend establish linear respons linear opacimet check opac readout mode manufactur recommend neutral densiti filter transmitt meet requir annex iii appendix section introduc opacimet record neutral densiti filter nomin opac approxim linear differ opac nomin neutral densiti filter linear exceed correct prior test calibr interv opacimet calibr section month system repair chang made influenc calibr annex iv technic characterist refer fuel prescrib approv test verifi conform product diesel fuel requir calcul thermal effici engin vehicl calorif fuel calcul gt refer graphic gt densiti proport mass water divid proport mass ash divid proport mass sulphur divid gt tabl gt natur ga ng european market fuel rang rang extrem refer fuel rang extrem refer fuel characterist refer fuel summaris refer fuel gt tabl gt refer fuel gt tabl gt refer fuel gt tabl gt liquefi petroleum ga lpg gt tabl gt annex analyt sampl system determin gaseou emiss introduct section figur detail descript recommend sampl analys system configur produc equival result exact conform figur requir addit compon instrument valv solenoid pump switch provid addit inform coordin function compon system compon need maintain accuraci system exclud exclus base good engin judgement figur flow diagram raw exhaust ga analysi system nox hc esc gt pic file quot en tif quot gt descript analyt system analyt system determin gaseou emiss raw figur esc dilut figur esc exhaust ga base hfid analys measur hydrocarbon ndir analys measur carbon monoxid carbon dioxid hcld equival analys measur oxid nitrogen sampl compon sampl probe sampl probe locat close proxim intern split analys care condens exhaust compon includ water sulphur acid occur point analyt system figur flow diagram dilut exhaust ga analysi system nox hc option esc gt pic file quot en tif quot gt compon figur ep exhaust pipe exhaust ga sampl probe figur stainless steel straight close end multi hole probe recommend insid diamet greater insid diamet sampl line wall thick probe greater mm minimum hole radial plane size sampl approxim flow probe extend diamet exhaust pipe sampl probe sp dilut exhaust ga hc sampl probe figur probe defin mm mm heat sampl line hsl mm minimum insid diamet instal dilut tunnel dt section figur point dilut air exhaust ga mix approxim tunnel diamet downstream point exhaust enter dilut tunnel suffici distant radial probe tunnel wall free influenc wake eddi heat increas ga stream temperatur exit probe sp dilut exhaust ga nox sampl probe figur probe plane sp suffici distant radial probe tunnel wall free influenc wake eddi heat insul entir length minimum temperatur prevent water condens hsl heat sampl line sampl line ga sampl singl probe split point hc analys sampl line mm minimum mm maximum insid diamet made stainless steel ptfe maintain wall temperatur measur separ control heat section temperatur exhaust ga sampl probe equal maintain wall temperatur greater temperatur exhaust ga sampl probe maintain ga temperatur immedi heat filter hfid hsl heat nox sampl line sampl line maintain wall temperatur convert cool bath analys cool bath made stainless steel ptfe sl sampl line line made ptfe stainless steel heat unheat bk background bag option figur sampl background concentr bg sampl bag option figur sampl sampl concentr heat pre filter option temperatur hsl heat filter filter extract solid particl ga sampl prior analys temperatur hsl filter chang need heat sampl pump pump heat temperatur hsl hc heat flame ionis detector hfid determin hydrocarbon temperatur ndir analys determin carbon monoxid carbon dioxid option determin dilut ratio pt measur cld hcld analys determin oxid nitrogen hcld temperatur convert convert catalyt reduct prior analysi cld hcld cool bath option cool condens water exhaust sampl bath maintain temperatur ic refriger option analys free water vapour interfer determin annex iii appendix section water remov condens sampl ga temperatur dew point monitor water trap downstream sampl ga temperatur dew point exce chemic dryer allow remov water sampl temperatur sensor monitor temperatur ga stream temperatur sensor monitor temperatur convert temperatur sensor monitor temperatur cool bath pressur gaug measur pressur sampl line pressur regul control pressur air fuel hfid pressur regul control pressur sampl line flow analys fl fl fl flowmet monitor sampl pass flow rate fl fl flowmet option monitor flow rate analys selector valv suitabl valv select sampl span ga ga flow analys solenoid valv pass convert needl valv balanc flow convert pass needl valv regul flow analys toggl valv option drain condens bath nmhc analysi ng fuell ga engin ga chromatograph method gc figur gc method small measur volum sampl inject analyt column swept inert carrier ga column separ compon boil point elut column time pass detector electr signal depend concentr continu analysi techniqu conjunct bag sampl method annex iii appendix section nmhc autom gc fid exhaust ga sampl sampl bag part inject gc sampl separ part ch air nmhc porapak column molecular siev column separ ch air pass fid concentr measur complet cycl inject sampl inject made determin nmhc ch concentr subtract total hc concentr annex iii appendix section figur show typic gc assembl routin determin ch gc method base good engin judgement figur flow diagram methan analysi gc method gt pic file quot en tif quot gt compon figur pc porapak column porapak μm mesh mm length mm id condit carrier ga prior initi msc molecular siev column type μm mesh mm length mm id condit carrier ga prior initi ov oven maintain column valv stabl temperatur analys oper condit column slp sampl loop suffici length stainless steel tube obtain approxim cm volum pump bring sampl ga chromatograph dryer dryer molecular siev remov water contamin present carrier ga hc flame ionis detector fid measur concentr methan sampl inject valv inject sampl sampl bag sl figur low dead volum ga tight heatabl selector valv select span ga sampl flow needl valv set flow system pressur regul control flow fuel carrier ga sampl air fc flow capillari control rate air flow fid pressur gaug control flow fuel carrier ga sampl air filter sinter metal filter prevent grit enter pump instrument fl measur sampl pass flow rate methan cutter method nmc figur cutter oxidis hydrocarbon ch pass sampl nmc ch detect fid bag sampl flow divert system instal sl section figur flow altern pass cutter upper part figur nmhc measur valu hc ch observ fid record integr method nmc line fid instal parallel regular fid hsl section figur lower part figur nmhc measur valu fid hc ch observ record cutter characteris prior test work respect catalyt effect ch valu repres exhaust stream condit dewpoint level sampl exhaust stream rel respons fid ch record annex iii appendix section figur flow diagram methan analysi methan cutter nmc gt pic file quot en tif quot gt compon figur nmc methan cutter oxidis hydrocarbon methan hc heat flame ionis detector hfid measur hc ch concentr temperatur selector valv select sampl span ga ident figur solenoid valv pass nmc needl valv balanc flow nmc pass pressur regul control pressur sampl line flow hfid ident figur fl flowmet measur sampl pass flow rate fl ident fl figur exhaust ga dilut determin particul introduct section figur detail descript recommend dilut sampl system configur produc equival result exact conform figur requir addit compon instrument valv solenoid pump switch provid addit inform coordin function compon system compon need maintain accuraci system exclud exclus base good engin judgement partial flow dilut system dilut system figur base dilut part exhaust stream split exhaust stream dilut process dilut system type subsequ collect particul entir dilut exhaust ga portion dilut exhaust ga pass particul sampl system section figur method refer total sampl type method fraction sampl type calcul dilut ratio depend type system type recommend isokinet system figur system flow transfer tube match bulk exhaust flow term ga veloc pressur requir undisturb uniform exhaust flow sampl probe achiev reson straight approach tube upstream sampl point split ratio calcul easili measur valu tube diamet note isokinesi match flow condit match size distribut typic particl suffici small follow fluid streamlin flow control system concentr measur figur system sampl bulk exhaust stream adjust dilut air flow total dilut exhaust flow dilut ratio determin concentr tracer gase nox natur occur engin exhaust concentr dilut exhaust ga dilut air measur concentr raw exhaust ga measur directli determin fuel flow carbon balanc equat fuel composit system control calcul dilut ratio figur flow transfer tube figur flow control system flow measur figur system sampl bulk exhaust stream set dilut air flow total dilut exhaust flow dilut ratio determin differ flow rate accur calibr flow meter rel requir rel magnitud flow rate lead signicic error higher dilut ratio flow control straight forward keep dilut exhaust flow rate constant vari dilut air flow rate need partial flow dilut system attent paid avoid potenti problem loss particul transfer tube ensur repres sampl engin exhaust determin split ratio system pai attent critic area figur partial flow dilut system isokinet probe fraction sampl sb control gt pic file quot en tif quot gt raw exhaust ga transfer exhaust pipe ep dilut tunnel dt transfer tube tt isokinet sampl probe isp differenti pressur exhaust ga exhaust pipe inlet probe measur pressur transduc dpt signal transmit flow control fc control suction blower sb maintain differenti pressur tip probe condit exhaust ga veloc ep isp ident flow isp tt constant fraction split exhaust ga flow split ratio determin cross section area ep isp dilut air flow rate measur flow measur devic fm dilut ratio calcul dilut air flow rate split ratio figur partial flow dilut system isokinet probe fraction sampl pb control gt pic file quot en tif quot gt raw exhaust ga transfer exhaust pipe ep dilut tunnel dt transfer tube tt isokinet sampl probe isp differenti pressur exhaust ga exhaust pipe inlet probe measur pressur transduc dpt signal transmit flow control fc control pressur blower pb maintain differenti pressur tip probe take small fraction dilut air flow rate measur flow measur devic fm feed tt mean pneumat orific condit exhaust ga veloc ep isp ident flow isp tt constant fraction split exhaust ga flow split ratio determin cross section area ep isp dilut air suck dt suction blower sb flow rate measur fm inlet dt dilut ratio calcul dilut air flow rate split ratio figur partial flow dilut system nox concentr measur fraction sampl gt pic file quot en tif quot gt raw exhaust ga transfer exhaust pipe ep dilut tunnel dt sampl probe sp transfer tube tt concentr tracer ga nox measur raw dilut exhaust ga dilut air exhaust ga analys ega signal transmit flow control fc control pressur blower pb suction blower sb maintain desir exhaust split dilut ratio dt dilut ratio calcul tracer ga concentr raw exhaust ga dilut exhaust ga dilut air figur partial flow dilut system concentr measur carbon balanc total sampl gt pic file quot en tif quot gt raw exhaust ga transfer exhaust pipe ep dilut tunnel dt sampl probe sp transfer tube tt concentr measur dilut exhaust ga dilut air exhaust ga analys ega fuel flow gfuel signal transmit flow control fc flow control fc particul sampl system figur fc control pressur blower pb fc sampl pump figur adjust flow system maintain desir exhaust split dilut ratio dt dilut ratio calcul concentr gfuel carbon balanc assumpt figur partial flow dilut system singl venturi concentr measur fraction sampl gt pic file quot en tif quot gt raw exhaust ga transfer exhaust pipe ep dilut tunnel dt sampl probe sp transfer tube tt due neg pressur creat venturi vn dt ga flow rate tt depend momentum exchang venturi zone affect absolut temperatur ga exit tt exhaust split tunnel flow rate constant dilut ratio low load slightli lower high load tracer ga concentr nox measur raw exhaust ga dilut exhaust ga dilut air exhaust ga analys ega dilut ratio calcul valu measur figur partial flow dilut system twin venturi twin orific concentr measur fraction sampl gt pic file quot en tif quot gt raw exhaust ga transfer exhaust pipe ep dilut tunnel dt sampl probe sp transfer tube tt flow divid set orific venturi fd locat ep fd tt addition pressur control valv pcv pcv maintain constant exhaust split control backpressur ep pressur dt pcv locat downstream sp ep pcv pressur blower pb dt tracer ga concentr nox measur raw exhaust ga dilut exhaust ga dilut air exhaust ga analys ega check exhaust split adjust pcv pcv precis split control dilut ratio calcul tracer ga concentr figur partial flow dilut system multipl tube split concentr measur fraction sampl gt pic file quot en tif quot gt raw exhaust ga transfer exhaust pipe ep dilut tunnel dt transfer tube tt flow divid fd consist number tube dimens diamet length bend radiu instal ep exhaust ga tube lead dt exhaust ga rest tube pass damp chamber dc exhaust split determin total number tube constant split control requir differenti pressur dc outlet tt measur differenti pressur transduc dpt differenti pressur achiev inject fresh air dt outlet tt tracer ga concentr nox measur raw exhaust ga dilut exhaust ga dilut air exhaust ga analys ega check exhaust split control inject air flow rate precis split control dilut ratio calcul tracer ga concentr figur partial flow dilut system flow control total sampl gt pic file quot en tif quot gt raw exhaust ga transfer exhaust pipe ep dilut tunnel dt sampl probe sp transfer tube tt total flow tunnel adjust flow control fc sampl pump particul sampl system figur dilut air flow control flow control fc gexhw gairw gfuel command signal desir exhaust split sampl flow dt differ total flow dilut air flow dilut air flow rate measur flow measur devic fm total flow rate flow measur devic fm particul sampl system figur dilut ratio calcul flow rate figur partial flow dilut system flow control fraction sampl gt pic file quot en tif quot gt raw exhaust ga transfer exhaust pipe ep dilut tunnel dt sampl probe sp transfer tube tt exhaust split flow dt control flow control fc adjust flow speed pressur blower pb suction blower sb sampl particul sampl system return dt gexhw gairw gfuel command signal fc dilut air flow rate measur flow measur devic fm total flow flow measur devic fm dilut ratio calcul flow rate compon figur ep exhaust pipe exhaust pipe insul reduc thermal inertia exhaust pipe thick diamet ratio recommend flexibl section limit length diamet ratio bend minimis reduc inerti deposit system includ test bed silenc silenc insul isokinet system exhaust pipe free elbow bend sudden diamet pipe diamet upstream pipe diamet downstream tip probe ga veloc sampl zone higher idl mode pressur oscil exhaust ga exce pa averag step reduc pressur oscil chassi type exhaust system includ silenc aftertreat devic alter engin perform deposit particul system isokinet probe recommend straight pipe pipe diamet upstream pipe diamet downstream tip probe sp sampl probe figur minimum insid diamet mm minimum diamet ratio exhaust pipe probe probe open tube face upstream exhaust pipe centrelin multipl hole probe sp section figur isp isokinet sampl probe figur isokinet sampl probe instal face upstream exhaust pipe centrelin flow condit section ep met design provid proport sampl raw exhaust ga minimum insid diamet mm control system isokinet exhaust split maintain differenti pressur ep isp condit exhaust ga veloc ep isp ident mass flow isp constant fraction exhaust ga flow isp connect differenti pressur transduc dpt control provid differenti pressur ep isp flow control fc fd fd flow divid figur set venturi orific instal exhaust pipe ep transfer tube tt provid proport sampl raw exhaust ga control system consist pressur control valv pcv pcv proport split control pressur ep dt fd flow divid figur set tube multipl tube unit instal exhaust pipe ep provid proport sampl raw exhaust ga tube feed exhaust ga dilut tunnel dt tube exit exhaust ga damp chamber dc tube dimens diamet length bend radiu exhaust split depend total number tube control system proport split maintain differenti pressur exit multipl tube unit dc exit tt condit exhaust ga veloc ep fd proport flow tt constant fraction exhaust ga flow point connect differenti pressur transduc dpt control provid differenti pressur flow control fc ega exhaust ga analys figur nox analys carbon balanc method analys calibr analys measur gaseou emiss analys determin concentr differ accuraci measur system accuraci gedfw tt transfer tube figur transfer tube short length equal greater probe diamet mm diamet exit centrelin dilut tunnel point downstream tube meter length insul materi maximum thermal conduct radial insul thick diamet probe tube longer meter insul heat minimum wall temperatur dpt differenti pressur transduc figur differenti pressur transduc rang pa fc flow control figur isokinet system figur flow control maintain differenti pressur ep isp adjust control speed flow suction blower sb keep speed flow pressur blower pb constant mode figur adjust suction blower sb constant mass flow dilut exhaust ga control flow pressur blower pb exhaust sampl flow region end transfer tube tt figur case pressur control system remain error control loop exce pa pressur oscil dilut tunnel exce pa averag multi tube system figur flow control proport exhaust split maintain differenti pressur exit multi tube unit exit tt adjust control inject air flow rate dt exit tt pcv pcv pressur control valv figur pressur control valv twin venturi twin orific system proport flow split control backpressur ep pressur dt valv locat downstream sp ep pb dt dc damp chamber figur damp chamber instal exit multipl tube unit minimis pressur oscil exhaust pipe ep vn venturi figur venturi instal dilut tunnel dt creat neg pressur region exit transfer tube tt ga flow rate tt determin momentum exchang venturi zone basic proport flow rate pressur blower pb lead constant dilut ratio momentum exchang affect temperatur exit tt pressur differ ep dt actual dilut ratio slightli lower low load high load fc flow control figur option flow control control flow pressur blower pb suction blower sb connect exhaust intak air fuel flow signal nox differenti signal pressuris air suppli figur fc directli control air flow fm flow measur devic figur ga meter flow instrument measur dilut air flow fm option pressur blower pb calibr measur flow fm flow measur devic figur ga meter flow instrument measur dilut exhaust ga flow fm option suction blower sb calibr measur flow pb pressur blower figur control dilut air flow rate pb connect flow control fc fc pb requir butterfli valv pb measur dilut air flow calibr sb suction blower figur fraction sampl system sb measur dilut exhaust ga flow calibr daf dilut air filter figur recommend dilut air filter charcoal scrub elimin background hydrocarbon engin manufactur request dilut air sampl good engin practic determin background particul level subtract valu measur dilut exhaust dt dilut tunnel figur dilut tunnel suffici length complet mix exhaust dilut air turbul flow condit construct stainless steel thick diamter ratio dilut tunnel insid diamet greater mm nomin thick mm dilut tunnel insid diamet equal mm mm diamet fraction sampl type recommend mm diamet total sampl type heat greater wall temperatur direct heat dilut air pre heat provid air temperatur exce prior introduct exhaust dilut tunnel insul engin exhaust mix dilut air fraction sampl system mix qualiti check introduct servic mean profil tunnel engin run equal space measur point mix orific note ambient temperatur vicin dilut tunnel dt precaut avoid particl loss cool wall dilut tunnel heat insul tunnel limit recommend high engin load tunnel cool aggress mean circul fan long temperatur cool medium heat exchang figur heat exchang suffici capac maintain temperatur inlet suction blower sb averag oper temperatur observ test full flow dilut system dilut system figur base dilut total exhaust cv constant volum sampl concept total volum mixtur exhaust dilut air measur pdp cfv system subsequ collect particul sampl dilut exhaust ga pass particul sampl system section figur directli refer singl dilut sampl dilut secondari dilut tunnel refer doubl dilut filter face temperatur requir met singl dilut partli dilut system doubl dilut system modif particul sampl system section figur share part typic particul sampl system figur full flow dilut system gt pic file quot en tif quot gt total amount raw exhaust ga mix dilut tunnel dt dilut air dilut exhaust ga flow rate measur posit displac pump pdp critic flow venturi cfv heat exchang electron flow compens efc proport particul sampl flow determin particul mass determin base total dilut exhaust ga flow dilut ratio requir calcul compon figur ep exhaust pipe exhaust pipe length exit engin exhaust manifold turbocharg outlet aftertreat devic dilut tunnel exce exhaust pipe downstream engin exhaust manifold turbocharg outlet aftertreat devic exce length tube excess insul line smokemet radial thick insul mm thermal conduct insul materi greater mk measur reduc thermal inertia exhaust pipe thick diamet ratio recommend flexibl section limit length diamet ratio pdp posit displac pump pdp meter total dilut exhaust flow number pump revolut pump displac exhaust system backpressur artifici lower pdp dilut air inlet system static exhaust backpressur measur pdp system oper remain kpa static pressur measur connect pdp ident engin speed load ga mixtur temperatur immedi ahead pdp averag oper temperatur observ test flow compens flow compens temperatur inlet pdp exce cfv critic flow venturi cfv measur total dilut exhaust flow maintain flow choke condit critic flow static exhaust backpressur measur cfv system oper remain kpa static pressur measur connect cfv ident engin speed load ga mixtur temperatur immedi ahead cfv averag oper temperatur observ test flow compens heat exchang option efc heat exchang suffici capac maintain temperatur limit requir efc electron flow compens option temperatur inlet pdp cfv limit state flow compens system requir continu measur flow rate control proport sampl particul system purpos continu measur flow rate signal correct sampl flow rate particul filter particul sampl system section figur dt dilut tunnel dilut tunnel small diamet turbul flow reynold number greater suffici length complet mix exhaust dilut air mix orific mm diamet singl dilut system mm diamet doubl dilut system insul engin exhaust direct downstream point introduc dilut tunnel mix singl dilut sampl dilut tunnel transfer particul sampl system section figur flow capac pdp cfv suffici maintain dilut exhaust temperatur equal immedi primari particul filter doubl dilut sampl dilut tunnel transfer secondari dilut tunnel dilut pass sampl filter section figur flow capac pdp cfv suffici maintain dilut exhaust stream dt temperatur equal sampl zone secondari dilut system provid suffici secondari dilut air maintain doubli dilut exhaust stream temperatur equal immedi primari particul filter daf dilut air filter recommend dilut air filter charcoal scrub elimin background hydrocarbon engin manufactur request dilut air sampl good engin practic determin background particul level subtract valu measur dilut exhaust psp particul sampl probe probe lead section ptt instal face upstream point dilut air exhaust ga mix dilut tunnel dt centrelin approxim tunnel diamet downstream point exhaust enter dilut tunnel mm minimum insid diamet heat greater wall temperatur direct heat dilut air pre heat provid air temperatur exce prior introduct exhaust dilut tunnel insul particul sampl system particul sampl system requir collect particul particul filter case total sampl partial flow dilut consist pass entir dilut exhaust sampl filter dilut section figur sampl system form integr unit case fraction sampl partial flow dilut full flow dilut consist pass filter portion dilut exhaust dilut section figur section figur sampl system form unit direct doubl dilut system figur full flow dilut system consid specif modif typic particul sampl system shown figur doubl dilut system includ import part particul sampl system filter holder sampl pump addition dilut featur dilut air suppli secondari dilut tunnel order avoid impact control loop recommend sampl pump run complet test procedur singl filter method bypass system pass sampl sampl filter desir time interfer switch procedur control loop minimis figur particul sampl system gt pic file quot en tif quot gt sampl dilut exhaust ga dilut tunnel dt partial flow full flow dilut system particul sampl probe psp particul transfer tube ptt mean sampl pump sampl pass filter holder fh particul sampl filter sampl flow rate control flow control fc electron flow compens efc figur dilut exhaust ga flow command signal fc figur doubl dilut system full flow system gt pic file quot en tif quot gt sampl dilut exhaust ga transfer dilut tunnel dt full flow dilut system particul sampl probe psp particul transfer tube ptt secondari dilut tunnel sdt dilut sampl pass filter holder fh particul sampl filter dilut air flow rate constant sampl flow rate control flow control fc electron flow compens efc figur total dilut exhaust ga flow command signal fc compon figur ptt particul transfer tube figur particul transfer tube exce mm length minimis length applic partial flow dilut fraction sampl system full flow dilut system length sampl probe sp isp psp section includ dimens valid partial flow dilut fraction sampl type full flow singl dilut system tip probe sp isp psp filter holder partial flow dilut total sampl type end dilut tunnel filter holder full flow doubl dilut system tip probe psp secondari dilut tunnel transfer tube heat greater wall temperatur direct heat dilut air pre heat provid air temperatur exce prior introduct exhaust dilut tunnel insul sdt secondari dilut tunnel figur secondari dilut tunnel minimum diamet mm suffici length provid resid time second doubli dilut sampl primari filter holder fh locat mm exit sdt secondari dilut tunnel heat greater wall temperatur direct heat dilut air pre heat provid air temperatur exce prior introduct exhaust dilut tunnel insul fh filter holder figur primari back filter filter hous separ filter hous requir annex iii appendix section met filter holder heat greater wall temperatur direct heat dilut air pre heat provid air temperatur exce prior introduct exhaust dilut tunnel insul sampl pump figur particul sampl pump locat suffici distant tunnel inlet ga temperatur maintain constant flow correct fc dp dilut air pump figur dilut air pump locat secondari dilut air suppli temperatur dilut air preheat fc flow control figur flow control compens particul sampl flow rate temperatur backpressur variat sampl path mean flow control requir electron flow compens efc figur fm flow measur devic figur ga meter flow instrument particul sampl flow locat suffici distant sampl pump inlet ga temperatur remain constant flow correct fc fm flow measur devic figur ga meter flow instrument dilut air flow locat inlet ga temperatur remain bv ball valv option ball valv insid diamet insid diamet particul transfer tube ptt switch time second note ambient temperatur vicin psp ptt sdt fh precaut avoid particl loss cool wall part heat insul part limit respect descript recommend recommend filter face temperatur sampl high engin load part cool aggress mean circul fan long temperatur cool medium determin smoke introduct section figur detail descript recommend opacimet system configur produc equival result exact conform figur requir addit compon instrument valv solenoid pump switch provid addit inform coordin function compon system compon need maintain accuraci system exclud exclus base good engin judgement principl measur light transmit specif length smoke measur proport incid light reach receiv assess light obscur properti medium smoke measur depend design apparatu exhaust pipe full flow line opacimet end exhaust pipe full flow end line opacimet take sampl exhaust pipe partial flow opacimet determin light absorpt coeffici opac signal optic path length instrument suppli instrument manufactur full flow opacimet gener type full flow opacimet figur line opacimet opac full exhaust plume exhaust pipe measur type opacimet effect optic path length function opacimet design end line opacimet opac full exhaust plume measur exit exhaust pipe type opacimet effect optic path length function exhaust pipe design distanc end exhaust pipe opacimet figur full flow opacimet gt pic file quot en tif quot gt compon figur ep exhaust pipe line opacimet chang exhaust pipe diamet exhaust pipe diamet measur zone diamet measur zone greater diamet exhaust pipe pipe gradual converg measur zone recommend end line opacimet termin exhaust pipe circular cross section free elbow bend end exhaust pipe cut squar opacimet mount central plume mm end exhaust pipe opl optic path length length smoke obscur optic path opacimet light sourc receiv correct uniform due densiti gradient fring effect optic path length submit instrument manufactur take account measur soot purg air optic path length determin accord iso id section correct determin optic path length minimum exhaust ga veloc requir ls light sourc light sourc incandesc lamp colour temperatur rang green light emit diod led spectral peak nm light sourc protect soot mean influenc optic path length manufactur specif ld light detector detector photocel photodiod filter case incandesc light sourc receiv peak spectral respons similar phototop curv human ey maximum respons rang nm maximum respons nm nm light detector protect soot mean influenc optic path length manufactur specif cl collim len light output collim beam maximum diamet mm rai light beam parallel toler optic axi temperatur sensor option exhaust ga temperatur monitor test partial flow opacimet partial flow opacimet figur repres exhaust sampl exhaust pipe pass transfer line measur chamber type opacimet effect optic path length function opacimet design respons time refer section appli minimum flow rate opacimet instrument manufactur figur partial flow opacimet gt pic file quot en tif quot gt compon figur ep exhaust pipe exhaust pipe straight pipe pipe diamet upstream pipe diamet downstream tip probe sp sampl probe sampl probe open tube face upstream exhaust pipe centrelin clearanc wall tailpip mm probe diamet ensur repres sampl suffici flow opacimet tt transfer tube transfer tube short ensur exhaust ga temperatur entranc measur chamber wall temperatur suffici dew point exhaust ga prevent condens equal diamet sampl probe entir length respons time minimum instrument flow determin annex iii appendix section signific effect smoke peak fm flow measur devic flow instrument detect correct flow measur chamber minimum maximum flow rate instrument manufactur respons time requir tt optic path length specif met flow measur devic close sampl pump mc measur chamber measur chamber reflect intern surfac equival optic environ imping strai light detector due intern reflect diffus effect reduc minimum pressur ga measur chamber differ atmospher pressur kpa design opacimet read convert atmospher pressur wall temperatur measur chamber set case suffici dew point exhaust ga prevent condens measur chamber equip devic measur temperatur opl optic path length length smoke obscur optic path opacimet light sourc receiv correct uniform due densiti gradient fring effect optic path length submit instrument manufactur take account measur soot purg air optic path length determin accord iso id section ls light sourc light sourc incandesc lamp colour temperatur rang green light emit diod led spectral peak nm light sourc protect soot mean influenc optic path length manufactur specif ld light detector detector photocel photodiod filter case incandesc light sourc receiv peak spectral respons similar phototop curv human ey maximum respons rang nm maximum respons nm nm light detector protect soot mean influenc optic path length manufactur specif cl collim len light output collim beam maximum diamet mm rai light beam parallel toler optic axi temperatur sensor monitor exhaust ga temperatur entranc measur chamber sampl pump option sampl pump downstream measur chamber transfer sampl ga measur chamber annex vi ec type approv certif gt pic file quot en tif quot gt appendix gt pic file quot en tif quot gt annex vii calcul procedur esc test gaseou emiss measur data calcul individu mode result shown nox measur dry basi hc wet basi hc concentr propan equival multipli result equival calcul procedur ident mode gt tabl gt calcul dry wet correct factor kw annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt calcul wet concentr gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt calcul nox humid correct factor kh annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt calcul emiss mass flow rate annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt calcul specif emiss annex iii appendix section calcul calcul procedur ident compon emiss mass flow rate individu mode multipli respect weight factor annex iii appendix section sum result emiss mass flow rate cycl gt refer graphic gt engin power individu mode multipli respect weight factor annex iii appendix section sum result cycl power gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt calcul specif nox emiss random point annex iii appendix section assum valu determin random point nz min mz nm nox mass calcul previou formula kw nox kwh determin emiss test cycl annex iii appendix section assum valu envelop mode esc gt tabl gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt comparison nox emiss valu annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt particul emiss particul measur base principl sampl particul complet cycl determin sampl flow rate msam gedf individu mode calcul gedf depend system exampl system measur carbon balanc method system flow measur full flow dilut system gedf directli measur cv equip calcul gedf annex iii appendix section assum measur data mode calcul procedur ident mode gt tabl gt carbon balanc method gt refer graphic gt flow measur method gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt calcul mass flow rate annex iii appendix section gedfw flow rate individu mode multipli respect weight factor annex iii appendix section sum result gedf cycl total sampl rate msam sum sampl rate individu mode gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt assum particul mass filter mg gt refer graphic gt background correct option assum background measur valu calcul dilut factor df ident section annex shown gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt calcul specif emiss annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt background correct gt refer graphic gt calcul specif weight factor annex iii appendix section assum valu calcul mode gt refer graphic gt requir elr test bessel filter complet averag procedur european exhaust legisl explan bessel filter design bessel algorithm calcul final smoke constant bessel algorithm depend design opacimet sampl rate data acquisit system recommend opacimet manufactur provid final bessel filter constant sampl rate custom constant design bessel algorithm calcul smoke valu gener remark bessel filter due high frequenc distort raw opac signal show highli scatter trace remov high frequenc distort bessel filter requir elr test bessel filter recurs order low pass filter guarante fastest signal rise overshoot assum real time raw exhaust plume exhaust tube opacimet show delai differ measur opac trace delai magnitud measur opac trace primarili depend geometri measur chamber opacimet includ exhaust sampl line time need process signal electron opacimet valu characteris effect call physic electr respons time repres individu filter type opacimet goal appli bessel filter guarante uniform filter characterist opacimet system consist physic respons time opacimet tp electr respons time opacimet te filter respons time appli bessel filter tf result respons time system taver gt refer graphic gt equal kind opacimet order give smoke bessel filter creat filter respons time tf physic tp electr respons time te individu opacimet result requir respons time taver tp te valu individu opacimet taver defin direct tf calcul gt refer graphic gt definit filter respons time tf rise time filter output signal step input signal cut frequenc bessel filter iter respons time bessel filter fit requir rise time figur trace step input signal filter output signal gt pic file quot en tif quot gt figur trace step input signal bessel filter output signal respons time bessel filter tf shown design final bessel filter algorithm multi step process requir iter cycl scheme iter procedur present gt pic file quot en tif quot gt calcul bessel algorithm bessel algorithm design step iter procedur base annex iii appendix section opacimet data acquisit system characterist assum physic respons time tp electr respons time te respons time taver definit direct sampl rate hz step requir bessel filter respons time tf gt refer graphic gt step estim cut frequenc calcul bessel constant iter fc gt refer graphic gt δt amp gt refer graphic amp gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt bessel algorithm gt refer graphic gt si repres valu step input signal quot quot quot quot yi repres filter valu output signal step applic bessel filter step input bessel filter respons time tf defin rise time filter output signal step input signal determin time output signal bessel filter appli step input valu fc index number time valu step input signal result valu filter output signal iter shown tabl point adjac mark bold number tabl iter occur index number occur index number calcul tf iter exact valu determin linear interpol adjac measur point gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt outupp outlow adjac point bessel filter output signal tlower time adjac time point tabl gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt step filter respons time iter cycl gt refer graphic gt step deviat requir obtain filter respons time iter cycl gt refer graphic gt step check iter criteria amp lt requir amp gt iter criteria met iter cycl start iter cycl cut frequenc calcul fc gt refer graphic gt cut frequenc iter cycl start step iter repeat iter criteria met result valu iter summaris tabl tabl valu iter gt tabl gt step final bessel algorithm iter criteria met final bessel filter constant final bessel algorithm calcul step iter criteria met iter amp lt final algorithm determin averag smoke valu section amp gt refer graphic amp gt tabl valu step input signal bessel filter output signal iter cycl gt tabl gt calcul smoke valu scheme gener procedur determin final smoke present gt pic file quot en tif quot gt figur trace measur raw opac signal unfilt filter light absorpt coeffici load step elr test shown maximum ymax peak filter trace correspondingli tabl numer valu index time sampl rate hz raw opac unfilt filter filter conduct constant bessel algorithm design section annex due larg amount data section smoke trace begin peak tabl figur trace measur opac unfilt smoke filter smoke gt pic file quot en tif quot gt peak calcul assum data tabl individu smoke valu calcul start algorithm set gt tabl gt calcul annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt correspond equat calcul bessel averag smoke annex iii appendix section equat bessel constant previou section actual unfilt calcul correspond si si si preced unfilt valu yi yi preced filter valu gt refer graphic gt correspond ymax equat calcul final smoke annex iii appendix section smoke trace maximum filter calcul assum valu gt tabl gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt cycl valid annex iii appendix section calcul sv cycl valid calcul rel standard deviat smoke cycl speed gt tabl gt valid criteria met speed tabl gt tabl gt gt tabl gt test gaseou emiss diesel engin assum test result pdp cv system gt tabl gt calcul dilut exhaust ga flow annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt calcul nox correct factor annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt calcul background correct concentr annex iii appendix section assum diesel fuel composit gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt calcul emiss mass flow annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt calcul specif emiss annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt particul emiss diesel engin assum test result pdp cv system doubl dilut gt tabl gt calcul mass emiss annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt calcul background correct mass emiss annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt calcul specif emiss annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt background correct gaseou emiss cng engin assum test result pdp cv system doubl dilut gt tabl gt calcul nox correct factor annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt calcul nmhc concentr annex iii appendix section gc method gt refer graphic gt nmc method assum methan effici ethan effici annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt calcul background correct concentr annex iii appendix section assum refer fuel methan composit gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt nmhc background concentr differ hcconcd ch concd gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt calcul emiss mass flow annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt calcul specif emiss annex iii appendix section gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt shift factor sλ calcul shift factor sλ amp gt refer graphic amp gt sλ shift factor inert volum inert gase fuel volum origin oxygen fuel refer averag cnhm repres fuel hydrocarbon gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt ch volum methan fuel volum hydrocarbon fuel volum hydrocarbon fuel volum hydrocarbon fuel volum hydrocarbon fuel diluent volum dilut gase fuel exampl calcul shift factor sλ ch volum gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gxy ch volum gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt usa ch gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt gt refer graphic gt stoichiometr air fuel ratio automot fuel sae june john heywood intern combust engin fundament mcgraw hill chapter quot combust stoichiometri quot pp